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Sample records for santiago periodo 1997-2003

  1. Evolution of aerosol loading in Santiago de Chile between 1997 and 2014

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pistone, Kristina; Gallardo, Laura

    2015-04-01

    While aerosols produced by major cities are a significant component of anthropogenic climate forcing as well as an important factor in public health, many South American cities have not been a major focus of aerosol studies due in part to relatively few long-term observations in the region. Here we present a synthesis of the available data for the emerging megacity of Santiago, Chile. We report new results from a recent NASA AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) site in the Santiago basin, combining these with previous AERONET observations in Santiago as well as with a new assessment of the 11-station air quality monitoring network currently administered by the Chilean Environment Ministry (MMA, Ministerio del Medio Ambiente) to assess changes in aerosol composition since 1997. While the average surface concentration of pollution components (specifically PM2.5 and PM10) has decreased, no significant change in total aerosol optical depth was observed. However, changes in aerosol size and composition are suggested by the proxy measurements. Previous studies have revealed limitations in purely satellite-based studies over Santiago due to biases from high surface reflection in the region, particularly in summer months (e.g. Escribano et al 2014). To overcome this difficulty and certain limitations in the air quality data, we next incorporate analysis of aerosol products from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument along with those from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, both on NASA's Terra satellite, to better quantify the high bias of MODIS. Thus incorporating these complementary datasets, we characterize the aerosol over Santiago over the period 1997 to 2014, including the evolution of aerosol properties over time and seasonal dependencies in the observed trends. References: Escribano et al (2014), "Satellite Retrievals of Aerosol Optical Depth over a Subtropical Urban Area: The Role of Stratification and Surface

  2. Identificación y diagnóstico de las fuentes de la basura marina en la costa de Manzanillo, Colima, México, durante las campañas de limpieza 2003-2006

    OpenAIRE

    Silva-Iñiguez, L.; Gutiérrez-Corona, C.G.; Pérez-López, R.; Cervantes, O.

    2012-01-01

    Este trabajo describe los resultados obtenidos en las campañas de limpieza de las playas ubicadas en las bahías de Manzanillo (San Pedrito, Brisas y Salagua) y Santiago (Audiencia, Santiago y Miramar), México en el periodo 2003-2006. El análisis de los datos, permitió identificar las fuentes de los desechos, y elaborar un diagnóstico de la basura marina o costera en dichas playas. Los residuos más comunes y abundantes en todas las playas fueron las colillas de cigarro y taparoscas de plástico...

  3. Incidence rate and spatio-temporal clustering of type 1 diabetes in Santiago, Chile, from 1997 to 1998 Taxa de incidência e agrupamento espaço-temporal de diabetes tipo 1 em Santiago, Chile, de 1997 a 1998

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    JL Santos

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence rate of type 1 diabetes in the urban area of Santiago, Chile, from March 21, 1997 to March 20, 1998, and to assess the spatio-temporal clustering of cases during that period. METHODS: All sixty-one incident cases were located temporally (day of diagnosis and spatially (place of residence in the area of study. Knox's method was used to assess spatio-temporal clustering of incident cases. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate of type 1 diabetes was 4.11 cases per 100,000 children aged less than 15 years per year (95% confidence interval: 3.06--5.14. The incidence rate seems to have increased since the last estimate of the incidence calculated for the years 1986--1992 in the metropolitan region of Santiago. Different combinations of space-time intervals have been evaluated to assess spatio-temporal clustering. The smallest p-value was found for the combination of critical distances of 750 meters and 60 days (uncorrected p-value = 0.048. CONCLUSIONS: Although these are preliminary results regarding space-time clustering in Santiago, exploratory analysis of the data method would suggest a possible aggregation of incident cases in space-time coordinates.OBJETIVO: Estimar a taxa de incidência de diabetes tipo 1 na área urbana de Santiago, Chile, entre os dias 21 de março de 1997 e 20 de março 1998, assim como a avaliação do agrupamento espaço-temporal dos casos incidentes no período. MÉTODOS: Foram localizados 61 casos incidentes no tempo (dia do diagnóstico e no espaço (lugar de residência na área do estudo. O método de Knox foi usado para avaliar o agrupamento dos casos no espaço e no tempo. RESULTADOS: A taxa de diabetes tipo 1 foi estimada em 4,11 casos por 100.000 menores de 15 anos por ano (Intervalo de confiança 95%: 3,06 -- 5,14. Essa taxa de incidência parece ter aumentado desde a última estimativa realizada na região metropolitana de Santiago, nos anos 1986-1992. Foram constru

  4. Marijuana growing operations in British Columbia revisited, 1997-2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Plecas, D.; Malm, A.; Kinney, B. [University College of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC (Canada). Dept. of Criminology and Criminal Justice]|[University College of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC (Canada). International Centre for Urban Research Studies

    2005-03-01

    The results of a comprehensive study of marihuana cultivation in British Columbia were presented. This report describes the incidents of marihuana grow operations coming to the attention of the police; the characteristics of marihuana growing operations; the suspects involved; the actions taken by the police and courts; and penalty. The study confirms that these operations which are dispersed throughout the province are increasing in both size and sophistication. The average number of kilograms of harvested marihuana seized per grow operation tripled from 1997 to 2003. In addition, the number of high intensity lights seized per operation also grew, leading to an associated increase in the average amount of electricity theft per operation. About 1 in 5 grow operations involved hydro theft. The average cost associated with hydro theft per operation was about $2,880 in 1997 and $3,740 in 2003. In 2003, it is estimated that growers stole more than $3,200,000 from BC Hydro. In addition to electricity by-passes, 15 per cent of indoor grow operations contained hazards such as weapons, explosives, and other drugs. 25 tabs., 34 figs.

  5. Trends in the elemental composition of fine particulate matter in Santiago, Chile, from 1998 to 2003.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sax, Sonja N; Koutrakis, Petros; Rudolph, Pablo A Ruiz; Cereceda-Balic, Francisco; Gramsch, Ernesto; Oyola, Pedro

    2007-07-01

    Santiago, Chile, is one of the most polluted cities in South America. As a response, over the past 15 yr, numerous pollution reduction programs have been implemented by the environmental authority, Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente. This paper assesses the effectiveness of these interventions by examining the trends of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and its associated elements. Daily fine particle filter samples were collected in Santiago at a downtown location from April 1998 through March 2003. Additionally, meteorological variables were measured continuously. Annual average concentrations of PM(2.5) decreased only marginally, from 41.8 microg/m3 for the 1998-1999 period to 35.4 microg/m3 for the 2002-2003 period. PM(2.5) concentrations exceeded the annual U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard of 15 microg/m3. Also, approximately 20% of the daily samples exceeded the old standard of 65 microg/m3, whereas approximately half of the samples exceeded the new standard of 35 microg/m3 (effective in 2006). Mean PM(2.5) levels measured during the cold season (April through September) were three times higher than those measured in the warm season (October through March). Particulate mass and elemental concentration trends were investigated using regression models, controlling for year, month, weekday, wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity. The results showed significant decreases for Pb, Br, and S concentrations and minor but still significant decreases for Ni, Al, Si, Ca, and Fe. The larger decreases were associated with specific remediation policies implemented, including the removal of lead from gasoline, the reduction of sulfur levels in diesel fuel, and the introduction of natural gas. These results suggest that the pollution reduction programs, especially the ones related to transport, have been effective in reducing various important components of PM(2.5). However, particle mass and other associated element levels remain high, and it is thus

  6. The Mediation of Representative Council of Learners Policy in Western Cape Schools--1997 to 2003

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carr, Ivan; Williams, Clarence

    2009-01-01

    We investigated how education policy was mediated at a representative number of Western Cape schools, from 1997 to 2003, using the structure, symbolic, human resource and political frames of Bolman and Deal (1997) as the basis of the investigation. The investigation produced diverse research findings. At the one end there were a majority of…

  7. La epidemiología del dengue y del dengue hemorrágico en Santiago de Cuba, 1997 The epidemiology of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Santiago de Cuba, 1997

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    Luis Valdés

    1999-07-01

    Full Text Available En 1977, Cuba informó de su primera epidemia de dengue, durante la cual se registraron más de 500 000 casos de fiebre del dengue causados por el serotipo 1 del virus. En 1981, se produjo una gran epidemia de dengue hemorrágico causada por el serotipo 2. Esa vez se notificaron 344 203 casos en total, 10 312 casos clínicos de dengue hemorrágico y 158 defunciones, de las cuales 101 correspondieron a niños. Por medio de una búsqueda activa con confirmación de laboratorio, en el municipio de Santiago de Cuba de la provincia del mismo nombre se detectó precozmente en enero de 1997 la reintroducción del dengue, específicamente del virus del tipo 2, genotipo Jamaica. En este trabajo se presentan los aspectos epidemiológicos de mayor interés referentes a esa epidemia. Se notificaron 3 012 casos confirmados por serología, 205 clasificados como fiebre hemorrágica del dengue/síndrome de choque del dengue, de los cuales 12 fallecieron (todos adultos. La infección secundaria por virus del dengue fue uno de los principales factores de riesgo en el desarrollo de dengue hemorrágico y 98% de los casos, así como 92% de los fallecidos, manifestaron una respuesta de tipo secundario. Por primera vez se observó la posibilidad de contraer dengue hemorrágico en personas con una infección secundaria de 16 a 20 años después de la primera infección. Pertenecer a la raza blanca fue otro factor de riesgo de importancia, tal como se había observado desde la epidemia de 1981. En la última epidemia se demostró que la llamada “alerta de fiebre” no es útil para la detección temprana de una epidemia. Las medidas tomadas por las autoridades sanitarias del país evitaron la extensión de la epidemia a otros municipios que estaban infestados por Aedes aegypti.A dengue epidemic that Cuba reported in 1997 registered more than 500 000 cases of dengue fever produced by viral serotype 1. In 1981, there was an epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever produced by

  8. Objectively measured habitual physical activity in 1997/1998 vs 2003/2004 in Danish children

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Møller, N C; Kristensen, Peter Lund; Wedderkopp, N

    2008-01-01

    -Thu in 2003/2004 when compared with 1997/1998. Gender differences in the level of HPA were found to be more distinct during Mon-Thu than during Fri-Sun. This study does not support the idea that Danish children are becoming less physically active. However, a limited statistical power should be considered when......Based on two cross-sectional studies conducted in 8-10-year-old third-grade children living in the municipality of Odense, potential differences were examined in the level of habitual physical activity (HPA) in Danish children between 1997/1998 and 2003/2004. HPA was assessed objectively...... by accelerometry. Primarily, overall differences were analyzed as gender and day type specific (i.e. Mon-Thu vs Fri-Sun) levels in HPA. Secondarily, differences were analyzed across socioeconomic gradients defined according to parents' occupation. Data were expressed as total counts per registered time. During...

  9. Distribución y tendencia de los fallecimientos en el medio hospitalario en España durante el periodo 1997-2003

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    Alberto Jiménez-Puente

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: El lugar en que se produce la muerte de una persona depende de circunstancias de naturaleza demográfica, socioeconómica, cultural y asistencial El objetivo del estudio fue describir las variaciones en el porcentaje de muertes en hospitales entre las comunidades autónomas de España, diferenciando las que ocurrieron en urgencias y hospitalización, y explorar su relación con posibles variables explicativas. Métodos: El estudio fue ecológico. Se estudió la tendencia del porcentaje de muertes en hospitales entre 1997 y 2003. Se calcularon los porcentajes de muertes en hospitales de cada comunidad autónoma en los años 2000-2002 a partir del Movimiento Natural de la Población y de la Encuesta de Establecimientos Sanitarios con Régimen de Internado que incluye información de todos los hospitales públicos y privados. Mediante regresión lineal simple se analizó su relación con variables demográficas, socioeconómicas, y asistenciales. Resultados: El 53% de los fallecimientos ocurrieron en hospitales (variando entre 37,3 y 68,4% en las distintas comunidades. El 10,7% de ellos en el área de urgencias (variando entre 6 y 14,5% y el resto en hospitalización. Conclusiones: El porcentaje de muertes en hospitales fue mayor en las comunidades con menos población anciana y rural, más población extranjera y mayor frecuentación de urgencias. El porcentaje de muertes hospitalarias en urgencias fue mayor en las comunidades con peores indicadores socioeconómicos. La tendencia en los 7 años estudiados fue al aumento del porcentaje de muertes en hospitales.

  10. Evolución de la contaminación del aire e impacto de los programas de control en tres megaciudades de América Latina

    OpenAIRE

    Marina Lacasaña

    1999-01-01

    En este trabajo se discute la problemática de la contaminación del aire en tres megaciudades de América Latina (Ciudad de México, São Paulo y Santiago); en particular se revisan los programas de control de la contaminación atmosférica que han puesto en marcha los gobiernos de esas ciudades y la evolución de los niveles de contaminantes durante el periodo 1988-1995 en Santiago de Chile y São Paulo, y hasta 1997 en la Ciudad de México, con el objeto de evaluar el impacto de esos programas. En l...

  11. An epidemiological analysis of drunk driving accidents in Kagawa Prefecture - comparison of 1997-2000 and 2003-2006.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fujita, Yoshitsugu; Inoue, Ken; Sakuta, Akira; Seki, Nobuhiko; Miyazawa, Teruomi; Eguchi, Kenji

    2008-10-01

    In this study, we examined the number of drunk driving accidents and drunk driving accident toll in 1997-2000 and 2003-2006 for Kagawa Prefecture, which had Japan's highest number of traffic accident fatalities per 100,000 population.

  12. Quemaduras por frío: Revisión de 10 Años

    OpenAIRE

    EULUFÍ M, ALEX; PIÑEROS B, JOSÉ LUIS; CALDERÓN O, WILFREDO; CUADRA C, ÁLVARO; DANILLA E, STEFAN; LÉNIZ M, PATRICIO; ROCO M, HÉCTOR; ROA G, RICARDO; EULUFÍ M, CHRISTIAN

    2006-01-01

    La injuria por frío ha sido objeto de estudio desde la década de 1960, Este trabajo entrega los resultados de una revisión retrospectiva de un grupo de 10 pacientes ingresados al Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago (HTS) en un periodo de 10 años producto de accidentes laborales de distintas etiologías. Cabe señalar que solo encontramos reportes aislados de casos en la literatura revisada. Se revisaron retrospectivamente las fichas clínicas de 10 pacientes en el periodo 1993-2003. Las edades f...

  13. Identifying spatial clustering properties of the 1997-2003 Liguria (Northern Italy) forest-fire sequence

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Telesca, Luciano; Amatulli, Giuseppe; Lasaponara, Rosa; Lovallo, Michele; Santulli, Adriano

    2007-01-01

    The spatial clustering of the forest-fire sequence (1997-2003) of Liguria Region (Northern Italy) has been analysed using the correlation dimension D C , calculated by means of the correlation integral method. Studying the variations of this parameter, we recognize the presence of a strong variability of the spatial clusterization, modulated by seasonal cycles. Furthermore, we found that the larger fires (size >400 ha) mark the cyclic behaviour of the correlation dimension

  14. Diet and investigation of immature sea turtles in the coastal waters of West Florida 1997-2003 (NCEI Accession 0156706)

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data contains sea turtle life history,diet analysis, and environmental data, recorded as csv spreadsheets ranging from 1997 to 2003. This data was used to...

  15. UNA PRAXIS CRISTIANA Y POPULAR EN LA POBLACIÓN LA VICTORIA DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE (1983-1988).

    OpenAIRE

    Andrés Morasso

    2010-01-01

    Este artículo presenta la relación entre residentes de la población La Victoria de Santiago deChile y la Iglesia en el contexto del gobierno militar (1973-1990), durante protestas socialescontra el régimen y relaciones de solidaridad establecidas a causa de la persecución políticadel periodo. ¿De qué forma las Comunidades cristianas de Base ayudaron a la organizaciónasistencial? ¿Qué papel tuvo la llamada “Iglesia Liberadora” en dicha población? ¿Qué roljugaron sacerdotes como líderes en La V...

  16. Gender Wage Gaps by College Major in Taiwan: Empirical Evidence from the 1997-2003 Manpower Utilization Survey

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Eric S.

    2010-01-01

    In this article, we examine the effect of incorporating the fields of study on the explained and unexplained components of the standard Oaxaca decomposition for the gender wage gaps in Taiwan using 1997-2003 Manpower Utilization Survey data. Using several existing and lately developed measures, we inspect the gender wage gap by college major to…

  17. Análisis de la política exterior norteamericana hacia Turquía, en materia de seguridad, y su influencia en el Kurdistán. Periodo 2003-2009

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Pedroza, Ivonne Cecilia

    2016-01-01

    Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los elementos que articulan la Política Exterior de los Estados Unidos hacia Turquía, en materia de seguridad, y su influencia en el Kurdistán, ya que en el periodo 2003-2009 se presentaron acontecimientos que marcaron la vida política, económica, militar y social de la región del Medio Oriente, caracterizado por la presencia de los Estados Unidos. Esta investigación se desarrollara de acuerdo con el modelo de monografía, para dar un análisis teórico ...

  18. Enhanced severity of secondary dengue-2 infections: death rates in 1981 and 1997 Cuban outbreaks Aumento de la gravedad de las infecciones secundarias por dengue-2: tasas de mortalidad en los brotes cubanos de 1981 y 1997

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    María G. Guzmán

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available Objective. To understand the possible effect that length of time has on disease severity with sequential dengue infections. Methods. Death and hospitalization rates for dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS per 10 000 secondary dengue-2 infections were compared in the same age group for two dengue-2 (DEN-2 epidemics in Cuba. The first DEN-2 epidemic affected all of Cuba in 1981; the second one, in 1997, impacted only the city of Santiago de Cuba. The sensitizing infection for DHF/DSS for each of the DEN-2 epidemics was dengue-1 (DEN-1 serotype virus, which was transmitted in 1977-1979, that is, 4 years and 20 years before the two DEN-2 epidemics. Using published seroepidemiological data from the cities of Havana and Santiago de Cuba, we estimated the rates at which persons aged 15-39 years old and those 40 years and older were hospitalized or died of DHF/DSS in Havana and in all of Cuba in 1981 and in just Santiago de Cuba in 1997. Results. Among adults 15-39 years old the death rate per 10 000 secondary DEN-2 infections was 38.5 times as high in Santiago de Cuba in 1997 as in Havana in 1981. As a further indication of the increased severity coming with a longer period between the initial DEN-1 infection and the secondary DEN-2 infection, the case fatality rate for that same age group was 4.7 times as high in Santiago in 1997 as it was in Havana in 1981. Conclusion. We found a marked increase in severity with the longer of the two intervals (20 years between an initial DEN-1 infection and a secondary DEN-2 infection. Such a difference may be due to subtle shifts in causative dengue strains or to changes with the passage of time in the circulating population of human dengue antibodies. These observations have important implications for dengue control, pathogenic mechanisms, and vaccine development.Objetivos. Investigar el posible efecto del tiempo sobre la gravedad de la enfermedad en sucesivas infecciones por dengue. M

  19. Muerte fetal en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza durante el periodo agosto 2003-noviembre 2004.

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    Luis Miguel Milla Vera

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Identificar las causas de los casos de muerte fetal, así como sus características sociodemográficas, clínicas, patológicas, y la tasa. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. Se buscaron los casos de muerte fetal en el libro de registros del servicio de obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza entre agosto 2003 y noviembre 2004. Se buscaron las historias clínicas e informes anatomopatológicos correspondientes recopilándose los hallazgos. Resultados: Se encontraron 61 casos de muerte fetal, 47 se incluyeron en el estudio. Se registraron 4 524 nacidos vivos. La tasa de muerte fetal fue 13,48 por 1 000 nacidos vivos. Edad gestacional promedio fue de 28,29 semanas y peso promedio de 1 277,86 g. La edad menor a 35 años (76,59%, ausencia de control prenatal o control prenatal inadecuado (66,66%, paridad menor a 4 (86,96%, antecedente de aborto (21,73%, pequeño para edad gestacional (PEG (28,26%, hemorragia del tercer trimestre (HTT (17,39%, preeclampsia (8,69% y hallazgos anormales placentarios (23,28% fueron las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y patológicas más frecuentes. El 59,27% de los casos presentaba informe de patología. No se logró inferir causa alguna en 36,2%. Conclusiones: Los casos de muerte fetal durante el periodo de estudio no contenían los datos tanto clínicos como patológicos suficientes para identificar claramente las causas de muerte fetal. (Rev Med Hered 2005;16:260-265.

  20. AIDS mortality trends in Mexico, 1988-1997 Tendencias de mortalidad por SIDA en México, 1988-1997

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    Carlos Hernández-Girón

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available Objective. To assess the geographic distribution and trends of AIDS deaths for the 1988-1997 period in Mexico. Material and Methods. Crude and adjusted mortality rates were estimated for the 1988-1997 period. A trend test was performed using the simple linear regression method. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR and years of potential life lost (YPLL were calculated for each Mexican state. Results. During the study period (1988-1997, there were 26,999 AIDS deaths in Mexico; 86.5% (23,354 of them were among men. The mean age at the time of death was 38.4 years for men and 37.7 years for women (p> 0.05. The crude AIDS mortality rate for the period of study was 3.02 cases (95% CI: 2.94, 3.06 per 100,000 inhabitants. The adjusted rate was 3.13 (95% CI: 3.09, 3.17, with 5.22 (95% CI: 5.16 - 5.29 for men and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.79-0.84 for women. The states with the highest SMR were: Baja California (SMR: 248.69; 95% CI: 234.02-263.36, Mexico City (SMR: 220.74; 95% CI: 215.57-225.91, and Jalisco (SMR: 169.16; 95% CI: 162.88-175.44. Similarly, a Potential Lost Life Years Index (PLLYI analysis by state showed a greater risk of premature AIDS mortality in the same states [Baja California (PLLYI index: 236.33; 95% CI: 233.97-238.68, Mexico City (PLLYI: 194.68; 95% CI: 193.88 - 195.48, and Jalisco (PLLYI: 170.69; 95% CI: 169.60-171.79]. Conclusions. Mortality trends indicate that AIDS mortality in Mexico increased by an annual rate of 23% between 1988 and 1997. The adjusted AIDS mortality rate increased from 0.75 per 100 000 in 1988, to 4.20 per 100 000 in 1997, with the largest burden of mortality in men (male to female ratio of 6:1. We therefore expect that a decreasing effect on AIDS mortality trends will be observed in the next years.Objetivo. Determinar la distribución geográfica y la tendencia de mortalidad por SIDA durante el periodo 1988 a 1997, en México. Material y métodos. Se estimaron tasas de mortalidad por SIDA, cruda y ajustadas, para el

  1. Development of neurosurgery in Germany: comparison of data collected by polls for 1997, 2003, and 2008 among providers of neurosurgical care.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Steiger, Hans J; Krämer, Michael; Reulen, Hans J

    2012-01-01

    To deduce structural trends in neurosurgery in Germany by comparison of data derived from polls conducted by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC) in 1997, 2003 and 2008. The questionnaires of the different polls probed a comparable set of issues. The data from the responding sample were extrapolated to the nationwide average or sum and compared between the different time periods. The number of identified neurosurgical departments increased from 146 to 201 during the years 1997-2008 largely as a result of the new foundation of numerous private groups. Nationwide total neurosurgical bed capacity and intensive care unit bed capacity increased modestly over the time period. The extrapolated total number of neurosurgical operations increased from 196,341 to 319,295. Although cranial and spinal neurosurgery remain the dominant subspecialties, the number of functional neurosurgical procedures and operations for pain increased more than proportionally. Outpatient procedures were established during the time period and corresponded in 2008 to a substantial proportion of the surgical volume. The total number of residents and board-certified neurosurgeons increased during the period 1997-2008 from 1513 to 1961. The proportion of residents decreased during 1997-2003 and then increased again. The number of neurosurgical operations increased in Germany proportionally to the economic growth of other service branches over the time period. Private organizations developed more than neurosurgical departments at university and other general hospitals. Work density measured as operations per physician increased during the period 1997-2008. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. Evolución del consumo de fármacos antidepresivos en las áreas sanitarias de la Rioja y Zamora durante el periodo 1997-2001

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    Carlos Sainz de Rozas Aparicio

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: Debido al gran aumento del consumo de antidepresivos, y al cambio del perfil de prescripción dentro del grupo, el objetivo del estudio es describir la evolución del consumo extrahospitalario de este subgrupo terapéutico (N06A en las áreas de salud de La Rioja y Zamora durante el periodo 1997-2001 y valorar el impacto de los nuevos fármacos. Métodos: Se ha estudiado el consumo de fármacos incluidos en el subgrupo terapéutico N06A de la Clasificación Anatómica Terapéutica Química. Los datos de consumo de cada especialidad se han obtenido de los programas informáticos de gestión de farmacia (SIFAR y se han expresado para cada principio activo en Dosis Habitante Día (DHD. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio se ha producido un incremento del consumo total de antidepresivos en las dos áreas (Zamora 55% y La Rioja 93%, debido fundamentalmente al incremento de los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS (Zamora 80% y La Rioja 143% y de los nuevos antidepresivos heterocíclicos (Zamora 82% y La Rioja 78%. Conclusiones: El incremento en la utilización de antidepresivos va acompañado de un cambio en el perfil de prescripción: hay un claro desplazamiento hacia el consumo de los ISRS y algunos heterocíclicos (venlafaxina, trazodona, reboxetina, disminuyendo la utilización de los antidepresivos tricíclicos y de los inhibidores de la monoaminooxidasa.

  3. Identificación y análisis de las oportunidades de exportación de productos agrícolas y agro-industriales potenciales desde Colombia hacia Estados Unidos - periodo de estudio: 2003 a 2012

    OpenAIRE

    Cely Espinosa, Diana Lorena

    2015-01-01

    Una de las mayores brechas que tienen los empresarios colombianos es la falta de información sobre las opciones de exportación hacia otros países, especialmente con Estados Unidos siendo uno de los principales socios comerciales que tiene Colombia. Por esta razón el presente trabajo de investigación se propuso identificar y analizar las oportunidades de exportaciones de productos agrícolas y agro-industriales potenciales desde Colombia hacia Estados Unidos en el periodo de 2003 hasta 2012...

  4. Modelos, tendencias y cotidianidades en los inicios de la Cárcel Penitenciaria de Santiago de Chile.1843-1860.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandro Monteverde Sánchez

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available En Chile durante el siglo XIX, se inició una reforma del sistema carcelario que buscó eliminar los Presidios Ambulantes y una serie vicios en las Cárceles Públicas y Casas Correccionales. Implementando así, un sistema penitenciario que intentó reproducir los tratamientos penitenciarios desarrollados principalmente en Estados Unidos y Europa. La élite criolla respaldo la reforma levantando un discurso político a través de recomendaciones y exposiciones, que se materializaron en la creación por ley de la Cárcel Penitenciaria de Santiago en 1843. En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis de carácter histórico, respecto al primer periodo de discusiones y debates a nivel político a propósito de la reforma del sistema de prisiones en Chile y del tipo de tratamiento penitenciario adoptado luego de la construcción de la Cárcel Penitenciaria de Santiago. Dicho objeto, se logra a través de la utilización de una metodología heurística, revisión de fuentes de archivo documental y una relevante discusión bibliográfica, a propósito de la justificación política del castigo penitenciario, en tanto política nacional y reforma del individuo criminal, contrastándolo estos elementos con los registros del régimen interno de la Cárcel Penitenciaria de Santiago durante los años 1858 y 1860, bajo la administración del Superintendente Waldo Silva.

  5. Impacto de los eventos de El Niño Southern oscillation (ENSO sobre la leishmaniosis cutánea en Sucre, Venezuela, a través del uso de información satelital, 1994 - 2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilberto Cabaniel S

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Describir los posibles impactos de El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO sobre la leishmaniosis cutánea (LC en Sucre, Venezuela en el período 1994-2003. Materiales y Métodos: La data climática se obtuvo de sistemas remotos y fue clasificada de acuerdo con la National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA en periodos El Niño, Neutral o La Niña, usando el Southern Oscillation Index (SOI como indicador de variabilidad. Los datos de LC fueron obtenidos de la Gerencia de Saneamiento Ambiental en Sucre. Se realizaron comparaciones de las variaciones anuales y desviaciones de las tendencias medias, entre la incidencia de LC y variabilidad climática, así como modelos de regresión. Resultados: Se registraron entre 1994 -2003 en Sucre 2212 casos de LC. Se observaron tres fases importantes de El Niño: 1994-1995, 1997-1998 y 2001-2003, la más relevante correspondió a 1997-1998, que fue seguido de un periodo frío y lluvioso en 1999 (La Niña. Durante 1999/2000, se registraron 360 casos de LC en Sucre, con importante variabilidad intraanual, se observó un incremento en 66,7% de los casos de LC (F=10,06, p=0,0051 asociado a la presencia de La Niña débil (poco frío y lluvioso. Los modelos mostraron que a mayores valores del SOI menor incidencia de LC (r 2 =0,3308, p=0,0504. El incremento sobre la tendencia media de las precipitaciones se asoció con incrementos sobre las tendencias de la LC durante 1994-2003 (p=0,0358. Conclusiones: Estos datos reflejan la importancia del ENSO sobre la incidencia de la LC, abriendo una nueva línea de investigación con posible impacto en la predicción y monitoreo con relevancia en salud pública.

  6. Chemical evidence of the changes of the Antarctic Bottom Water ventilation in the western Ross Sea between 1997 and 2003

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rivaro, Paola; Massolo, Serena; Bergamasco, Andrea; Castagno, Pasquale; Budillon, Giorgio

    2010-05-01

    Data from three Italian CLIMA project cruises between 1997 and 2003 were used to obtain sections of the hydrographic and chemical properties of the main water masses across the shelf break off Cape Adare (western Ross Sea, Antarctica). Dissolved oxygen, nitrate and phosphate data were combined on the basis of the Redfield ratio to obtain the quasi-conservative tracers NO (9[NO 3]+[O 2]), PO (135[PO 4]+[O 2]) and phosphate star PO4* ( PO4*=[PO 4]+[O 2]/175-1.95). In 1997 and 2003 the presence of the High Salinity Shelf Water at the bottom depth near the sill was traced by both physical and chemical measurements. In 2001 the Modified Shelf Water, characterized by warmer temperature and by a lower dissolved oxygen content than High Salinity Shelf Water, was observed at the shelf edge. The distribution of the chemical tracers together with the hydrographic observations showed recently formed Antarctic Bottom Water on the continental slope during all of the cruises. These observations were confirmed by the extended optimum multiparameter analysis. The calculated thickness of the new Antarctic Bottom Water, as well as the tracer content, were variable in time and in space. The estimated volume of the new Antarctic Bottom Water and the export of dissolved oxygen and nutrient associated with the overflowing water were different over the examined period. In particular, a lower (˜55%) export was evidenced in 2001 compared to 1997.

  7. Impact of Santiago de Chile urban atmospheric pollution on anthropogenic trace elements enrichment in snow precipitation at Cerro Colorado, Central Andes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cereceda-Balic, F.; Palomo-Marín, M. R.; Bernalte, E.; Vidal, V.; Christie, J.; Fadic, X.; Guevara, J. L.; Miro, C.; Pinilla Gil, E.

    2012-02-01

    Seasonal snow precipitation in the Andes mountain range is evaluated as an environmental indicator of the composition of atmospheric emissions in Santiago de Chile metropolitan area, by measuring a set of representative trace elements in snow samples by ICP-MS. Three late winter sampling campaigns (2003, 2008 and 2009) were conducted in three sampling areas around Cerro Colorado, a Central Andes mountain range sector NE of Santiago (36 km). Nevados de Chillán, a sector in The Andes located about 500 km south from the metropolitan area, was selected as a reference area. The experimental results at Cerro Colorado and Nevados de Chillán were compared with previously published data of fresh snow from remote and urban background sites. High snow concentrations of a range of anthropogenic marker elements were found at Cerro Colorado, probably derived from Santiago urban aerosol transport and deposition combined with the effect of mining and smelting activities in the area, whereas Nevados de Chillán levels roughly correspond to urban background areas. Enhanced concentrations in surface snow respect to deeper samples are discussed. Significant differences found between the 2003, 2008 and 2009 anthropogenic source markers profiles at Cerro Colorado sampling points were correlated with changes in emission sources at the city. The preliminary results obtained in this study, the first of this kind in the southern hemisphere, show promising use of snow precipitation in the Central Andes as a suitable matrix for receptor model studies aimed at identifying and quantifying pollution sources in Santiago de Chile.

  8. El Parque Portal Bicentenario en Santiago de Chile / Portal Bicentennial Park in Santiago de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beach Lobos, Myriam;

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta los principios que orientaron el diseño del Parque Portal Bicentenario, un parque de 50 hás. que será el eje principal de la nueva urbanización “Ciudad Parque Bicentenario”, actualmente en construcción en los terrenos del ex aeropuerto de Los Cerrillos en Santiago de Chile.The following text was submitted to the Architecture Competition together with the project drawings. It presents the principles that leaded the design. The 123 acres park will be the main axis of a new urban development in Santiago “Ciudad Parque Bicentenario” at present under construction on the area occupied by the former Cerrillos Airport, Santiago de Chile.

  9. 1875 Los Estados de la costa y el conflicto político con Santiago Pérez

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dayana Angélica Rueda Cáceres

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Durante el periodo federal colombiano, a los Estados Soberanos de Panamá, Bolívar y Magdalena, se les identificó como Estados costeños, Estados del Norte o Estados del Atlántico. Panamá mantuvo fuertes vínculos con los demás Estados costeños auxiliándolos con material bélico, hombres y dinero en caso que fue necesario en las destinas contiendas ocurridas durante el periodo de 1855 - 1885. En el presente artículo se intenta a través de los acontecimientos políticos y bélicos de 1875, señalar, la participación de las Fuerzas del Estado soberano de Panamá en esta contienda y la relación u alianza político militar que mantuvieron los denominados Estados costeños.2 Dado que 1875 es un año bastante agitado, nos centraremos en el descontento de los Estados de la Costa con el Presidente de la Unión, Santiago Pérez, quien, según los primeros, buscaba favorecer tanto en campaña como en las urnas, la candidatura de Aquileo Parra como su sucesor frente a la emblemática figura del recién llegado al país Rafael Núñez, después de 10 años de ausencia.

  10. Cambios en los retornos de la educación en Bogotá entre 1997 y 2003

    OpenAIRE

    Luis Fernando Gamboa; Nohora Y. Forero

    2007-01-01

    Este artículo estima la tasa de retorno de la educación de la población asalariada en Bogotá para 1997 y 2003 teniendo como referencia la teoría del capital humano. Para la estimación se corrige el sesgo de selección por medio de la metodología de Heckman (1979). A diferencia de estudios anteriores, que usan la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares, en éste se utiliza la información disponible en la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida que también es representativa para Bogotá. Se encuentra que los retornos de...

  11. Distribución espacial de anomalías del NDVI derivado del sensor VEGETATION SPOT 4/5 ysu relación con las coberturas vegetales, usos de la tierra y características geomorfológicas en la provincia de Santiago del Estero, Argentina / Spatial distribution of anomalies of NDVI derived from sensor VEGETATION SPOT 4/5 and its relation with vegetation cover, uses of ground and geomorphology in Santiago del Estero, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jose Luis Tiedermann

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Se determinaron las anomalías negativas (AN y positivas (AP del NDVI derivado del sensor VEGETATION SPOT 4/5, en la provincia de Santiago del Estero, Argentina. El periodo analizado (1998-2008 tuvo fuertes variaciones en los patrones de precipitación, por efecto del ENSO, por cuanto las anomalías del NDVI fueron evaluadas, mediante tabulación cruzada, en función de dos periodos: húmedo (PH y seco (PS. Las AN, se relacionaron, durante todo el periodo, con vegetación halófila en áreas deprimidas salobres, con vegetación hidrófila en ambientes acuáticos y con suelo rocoso. Durante el PS, las AN se relacionaron con áreas deforestadas con fines agrícolas. Las AP, se relacionaron, durante todo el periodo, con el bosque Chaqueño denso y bosque Chaqueño Serrano denso. La mayor estabilidad y productividad de biomasa verde de los bosques, estaría relacionada, a su mayor biodiversidad, estratificación, al predominio de especies leñosas perennes de raíces profundas y a las estratégicas adaptaciones, morfológicas y fisiológicas, para el uso eficiente del agua. Las regiones geomorfológicas no se relacionan entre si entre periodos.AbstractThe negative (AN and positive (AP anomalies of the NDVI derived from sensor VEGETATION SPOT 4/5 were determined in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. The analyzed period (1998-2008 presented strong variations in rainfall patterns, as a result of the ENSO, inasmuch as the anomalies of the NDVI were evaluated, by means of crossed tabulation, based on two periods: humid (PH and dry (PS. The AN, were related with halophytic species of depressed areas, with vegetation aquatic hydrophilic and rocky ground. During the dry period, the AN were related to deforested areas with agricultural aims. The AP, were related, throughout the period with the forest dense Chaco Semiarid and forest dense Chaco Serrano. The greater stability and productivity of green biomass of forest, would be related, greater

  12. Análisis de la evolución del turismo, sector alojamiento, en la Zona Turística Especial Centro Histórico de Quito, para determinar los impactos de esta actividad, durante el periodo 2003 – 2013

    OpenAIRE

    Quevedo Cazares, Diana Inés

    2015-01-01

    El presente proyecto, cuyo objetivo es analizar la evolución del turismo, sector alojamiento, en la Zona Turística Especial en el Centro Histórico de Quito (ZET CHQ), para determinar los impactos de esta actividad, durante el periodo 2003 – 2013 y así desarrollar las bases para una propuesta de política pública orientada a la sostenibilidad. Abarca el desarrollo de varios aspectos, los cuales van desde lo teórico y conceptual, hasta la aplicabilidad de estrategias que ayuden al sector bajo es...

  13. La política económica de la República Popular China: un desafío a la hegemonía monetaria de los Estados Unidos en el Sudeste Asiático. Periodo 2003 -2015

    OpenAIRE

    Benavides Niño, David Leonardo

    2016-01-01

    La presente investigación parte del declive de la hegemonía de los Estados Unidos y el paralelo asenso económico de la República Popular China en las últimas décadas. De este modo, se plantea como objetivo principal analizar cómo China mediante su política económica desafía a la hegemonía monetaria de los Estado Unidos en el Sudeste Asiático, durante el periodo de 2003 a 2015. Con el fin de lograr este objetivo, se elabora un estudio de la hegemonía de los Estados Unidos y sus dinámicas en e...

  14. Un estudio de los factores determinantes de las desviaciones presupuestarias de las Comunidades Autónomas en el periodo 2003-2012

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Leal Marcos

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo pretende identificar los factores que pueden explicar el comportamiento de las Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA con respecto a sus objetivos de estabilidad presupuestaria. A tal fin, se estima, para todas las CCAA y para el periodo 2003-2012, el grado de incumplimiento de cada comunidad con su objetivo de déficit en función del cumplimiento en los ejercicios previos y de un conjunto de variables relacionadas con factores macroeconómicos, políticos, presupuestarios e institucionales. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, el incumplimiento anterior de una comunidad autónoma aumenta su incumplimiento en el ejercicio corriente, mientras que el incumplimiento previo del conjunto del nivel autonómico estimula el cumplimiento individual. En año electoral, el grado de incumplimiento con los objetivos de estabilidad será mayor. Lo contrario sucede si el presidente de la comunidad pertenece al PSOE. Finalmente, unos menores ingresos per cápita o unos mayores gastos primarios per cápita también favorecen el incumplimiento de las reglas fiscales autonómicas. El efecto de los ingresos es mayor que el de los gastos y este último parece que se debe más al funcionamiento del mercado político en cada comunidad autónoma que a cambios en las necesidades de gasto. Clasificación JEL: H74; H77.

  15. Organogénesis durante el periodo larval en peces

    OpenAIRE

    Zavala-Leal, I; Dumas, Silvie; Peña Martínez, Renato

    2011-01-01

    La presencia de un periodo larval caracteriza a los peces con ontogenia indirecta. Este periodo de desarrollo implica una serie de transformaciones encaminadas a la adquisición de las características biológicas y ecológicas propias de la especie; y en muchos casos culmina con cambios de distribución y hábitos alimenticios. El periodo larval incluye cuatro estadios de desarrollo: larva vitelina, larva pre-flexión, larva flexión y larva post-flexión. Cada estadio de desarrollo presenta caracter...

  16. Evolución de la contaminación del aire e impacto de los programas de control en tres megaciudades de América Latina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lacasaña-Navarro Marina

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se discute la problemática de la contaminación del aire en tres megaciudades de América Latina (Ciudad de México, São Paulo y Santiago; en particular se revisan los programas de control de la contaminación atmosférica que han puesto en marcha los gobiernos de esas ciudades y la evolución de los niveles de contaminantes durante el periodo 1988-1995 en Santiago de Chile y São Paulo, y hasta 1997 en la Ciudad de México, con el objeto de evaluar el impacto de esos programas. En las tres megaciudades se observó un descenso en las concentraciones de PTS, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO y O3 durante el periodo mencionado, aunque la mayoría de los contaminantes siguen rebasando la norma de calidad del aire. Cabe destacar que el mayor impacto de los programas ha sido sobre los niveles de SO2. Se recomienda el desarrollo de políticas de transporte sostenible; en ese sentido, en la Conferencia Europea de Ministros del Transporte la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE propuso distintas estrategias. Por otra parte, la participación ciudadana es importante al tomar decisiones relacionadas con las políticas de transporte.

  17. Evolución de la contaminación del aire e impacto de los programas de control en tres megaciudades de América Latina Evolution of air pollution and impact of control programs in three Megacities of Latin America

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina Lacasaña-Navarro

    1999-05-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se discute la problemática de la contaminación del aire en tres megaciudades de América Latina (Ciudad de México, São Paulo y Santiago; en particular se revisan los programas de control de la contaminación atmosférica que han puesto en marcha los gobiernos de esas ciudades y la evolución de los niveles de contaminantes durante el periodo 1988-1995 en Santiago de Chile y São Paulo, y hasta 1997 en la Ciudad de México, con el objeto de evaluar el impacto de esos programas. En las tres megaciudades se observó un descenso en las concentraciones de PTS, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO y O3 durante el periodo mencionado, aunque la mayoría de los contaminantes siguen rebasando la norma de calidad del aire. Cabe destacar que el mayor impacto de los programas ha sido sobre los niveles de SO2. Se recomienda el desarrollo de políticas de transporte sostenible; en ese sentido, en la Conferencia Europea de Ministros del Transporte la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE propuso distintas estrategias. Por otra parte, la participación ciudadana es importante al tomar decisiones relacionadas con las políticas de transporte.The present work discusses the problems of atmospheric pollution of three Megacities of Latin America (Mexico City, Sao Paulo and Santiago. The environmental pollution control programs implemented by the Government are revised and the evolution of pollution levels during the period of 1988-1995 at Santiago de Chile and Sao Paulo, but until 1997 at Mexico City, in order to evaluate the impact of these programs. During this period, a decreasing trend is observed in the three cities in the levels of PTS, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3, although most of these contaminants still exceed the air quality standards. It must be emphasized that the largest impact has been on the levels of SO2. We recommend the development of sustainable transport policies; in this context, various strategies were proposed by

  18. Santiago Pérez: el dramaturgo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina Lamus Obregón

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available La vida de Santiago Pérez como escritor de poemas y dramas fue muy corta y pertenece a sus años de juventud. En la edad madura esta incursión la consideró un pecado que lo hacía ruborizar: por ello compraba los libros editados por la generosidad de Lorenzo María Lleras y los quemaba. Y es que el "señorito" Santiago Pérez, alumno aventajado del colegio del Espíritu Santo y después profesor de literatura y filosofía, recibió también de su maestro, don Lorenzo María Lleras, influencia política, literaria y teatral.

  19. La influencia de los sub-complejos de seguridad regional en la evolución del problema de las drogas como amenaza a la seguridad hemisférica en el marco de la Organización de Estados Americanos. Periodo 2003-2013

    OpenAIRE

    Poveda Parra, Carlos José

    2016-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo monográfico es analizar la evolución del problema de las drogas dentro del marco de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2003 y 2013. Se desarrolla un estudio sobre los dos grupos de países que más han participado en lo concerniente a este tema. Por un lado Estados Unidos, Canadá y México; y por otro lado Colombia, Perú y Bolivia son lo países que por sus lógicas y tendencias han impulsado este problema y su evol...

  20. Prescription profile of potentially aristolochic acid containing Chinese herbal products: an analysis of National Health Insurance data in Taiwan between 1997 and 2003

    OpenAIRE

    Hsieh, Shu-Ching; Lin, I-Hsin; Tseng, Wei-Lum; Lee, Chang-Hsing; Wang, Jung-Der

    2008-01-01

    Abstract Background Some Chinese herbal products (CHPs) may contain aristolochic acid (AA) or may be adulterated by the herbs suspected of containing AA which is nephrotoxic and carcinogenic. This study aims to identify the risk and the prescription profile of AA-containing CHPs (AA-CHPs) in Taiwan. Methods A longitudinal analysis was conducted on a randomly sampled cohort of 200,000 patients using the data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan between 1997 and 2003. Results Duri...

  1. Newport Lab CTD Casts, 1997-2008

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The Newport Hydrographic (NH) Line along 44.65°N off central Oregon was sampled seasonally during two epochs: 1961-1971 through the TENOC program and 1997-2003...

  2. A Escola de Veterinaria na Universidade de Santiago

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Barral Martínez, Margarita

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Although Eugenio Montero Ríos was one of the big onQS primates of the system of dominance by the local boss developed during the stage of the Restoration, his patronage paper in Santiago's city and of patronage in the University of Santiago had a considerable importance, an unknown topic, or even forgotten by all the negative connotations with those that commonly and in a simplistic way they associate to the term cacique. The University of Santiago grew beside the protection that Montero lent him since representative of this district had left in 1886 and his strong influence in the central Government from Madrid it allowed him to reach momentous concessions for this institution, like it has been the case of the School of Veterinary Science.

    [gl] Aínda que Eugenio Montero Ríos foi un dos grandes primates do caciquismo desenvolvido durante a etapa da Restauración, o seu papel de padroado na cidade de Santiago e de mecenado na Universidade compostelá tiveron unha importancia considerable, un tema descoñecido ou mesmo esquecido por tódalas connotacións negativas coas que comunmente e de xeito simplista se asocian ó termo cacique. A Universidade de Santiago medrou ó carón da protección que lie prestou Montero dende que saíra representante deste distrito en 1886 e a súa forte influencia no Gobernó central de Madrid permitiulle acadar concesións trascendentais para dita institución, como foi o caso da Escola de Veterinaria.

  3. Impacto económico del dengue y del dengue hemorrágico en el Estado de Zulia, Venezuela, 1997-2003 Economic impact of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the State of Zulia, Venezuela, 1997-2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Germán Añez

    2006-05-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Determinar los costos directos e indirectos asociados con la atención de los casos de dengue y de dengue hemorrágico o síndrome de choque por dengue (DH/SCD entre los años 1997 y 2003 en el Estado de Zulia, Venezuela. MÉTODOS: El número total de pacientes con dengue y DH/SCD se obtuvo de los registros de la Dirección Regional de Epidemiología del Estado de Zulia y de los informes de casos confirmados en la Sección de Virología del Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas Dr. Américo Negrette, de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, entre el 1.° de enero de 1997 y el 31 de diciembre de 2003. Como costos directos se consideraron el costo de la atención médica de urgencia de todos los casos y los costos de hospitalización de los casos con DH/SCD (costo por día-cama y costos de laboratorio. Los costos asociados con la ausencia laboral de los enfermos mayores de 15 años y de las madres acompañantes de los enfermos menores de 15 años conformaron los costos indirectos, ajustados según la proporción de hombres y mujeres en la fuerza laboral activa del país. Para el cálculo se utilizó el salario mínimo anual y los resultados se expresaron en dólares estadounidenses, según la tasa de cambio promedio de cada año. RESULTADOS: En el período estudiado se atendieron 33 857 casos de dengue y de DH/SCD; de ellos, 30 251 (89,35% fueron de dengue y 3 606 (10,65% de DH/SCD. Seis de estos fallecieron (letalidad 0,2 por 100 casos de DH/SCD. Los costos directos fueron US$ 474 251,70; de esa suma, US$ 132 042,30 correspondieron a la atención en los servicios de urgencia y US$ 342 209,40 a los gastos de hospitalización de los casos con DH/SCD. Los costos indirectos ascendieron a US$ 873 825,84 y representaron 64,8% del gasto total (US$ 1 348 077,54 relacionado con esta enfermedad en los años estudiados. CONCLUSIONES: Este es el primer estudio acerca del impacto económico del dengue en el Estado de Zulia y

  4. EEASA 2003 Keynote Address

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2003 Environmental Education Association of Southern Africa .... Early in 1997, the Earth Charter Commission was formed to give oversight to the drafting ..... Paulo, Brazil have implemented the Earth Charter in educational activities and .... the Earth Charter, in Filho,W.L. (Ed.), Teaching for sustainability in higher education.

  5. El tratamiento del Patrimonio Cultural desde una metodología arqueológica en obras de trazado lineal: la construcción de la autopista Santiago-Alto de Santo Domingo (Galicia) como ejemplo

    OpenAIRE

    Prieto-Martínez, M. Pilar; Blanco-Rotea, Rebeca; Aboal-Fernández, Roberto; Ayán Vila, Xurxo; Criado-Boado, Felipe

    2002-01-01

    [ES] Se presenta una síntesis del trabajo arqueológico de Seguimiento que está siendo llevado a cabo en las obras de la Autopista Santiago-Alto de Santo Domingo (de empresa constructora Dozón UTE). El trabajo arqueológico se inició en enero de 2001, y está previsto que sea finalizado a principios de 2003. Este trabajo forma parte del Plan de Corrección de Impacto Arqueológico de las obras. El tramo Santiago-Alto de Santo Domingo, de 36,600 km de longitud, ofrece un transepto muy significat...

  6. Aerosol composition and source apportionment in Santiago de Chile

    Science.gov (United States)

    Artaxo, Paulo; Oyola, Pedro; Martinez, Roberto

    1999-04-01

    Santiago de Chile, São Paulo and Mexico City are Latin American urban areas that suffer from heavy air pollution. In order to study air pollution in Santiago area, an aerosol source apportionment study was designed to measure ambient aerosol composition and size distribution for two downtown sampling sites in Santiago. The aerosol monitoring stations were operated in Gotuzo and Las Condes during July and August 1996. The study employed stacked filter units (SFU) for aerosol sampling, collecting fine mode aerosol (dpsource apportionment was performed using Absolute Principal Factor Analysis (APFA). Very high aerosol concentrations were observed (up to 400 μg/m 3 PM 10). The main aerosol particle sources in Santiago are resuspended soil dust and traffic emissions. Coarse particles account for 63% of PM 10 aerosol in Gotuzo and 53% in Las Condes. A major part of this component is resuspended soil dust. In the fine fraction, resuspended soil dust accounts for 15% of fine mass, and the aerosols associated with transportation activities account for a high 64% of the fine particle mass. Sulfate particle is an important component of the aerosol in Santiago, mainly originating from gas-to-particle conversion from SO 2. In the Gotuzo site, sulfates are the highest aerosol component, accounting for 64.5% of fine mass. Direct traffic emissions are generally mixed with resuspended soil dust. It is difficult to separate the two components, because the soil dust in downtown Santiago is contaminated with Pb, Br, Cl, and other heavy metals that are also tracers for traffic emissions. Residual oil combustion is observed, with the presence of V, S and Ni. An aerosol components from industrial emissions is also present, with the presence of several heavy metals such as Zn, Cu and others. A factor with molybdenum, arsenic, copper and sulfur was observed frequently, and it results from emissions of copper smelters.

  7. Modelo de Gestión Administrativa Turística en la Parroquia Santiago de Quito del Cantón Colta Provincia de Chimborazo Periodo 2013

    OpenAIRE

    Arias Guadalupe, Lorena del Carmen

    2015-01-01

    La investigación sobre la aplicación de un modelo de Gestión administrativa para la parroquia Santiago de Quito, en el Cantón Colta en la Provincia de Chimborazo es el resultado de un esfuerzo conjunto con el departamento de turismo del GAD municipal del Cantón Colta, la participación de los servidores turísticos y los aportes dados por los involucrados directos e indirectos con la actividad. Su alcance está definido por las capacidades y potencialidades turísticas propias de la Parroquia y l...

  8. Una evaluación estática y dinámica de los cambios en calidad de vida en Colombia durante 1997-2003.

    OpenAIRE

    Gamboa, Luis Fernando; Guerra, Jose Alberto

    2010-01-01

    Este trabajo analiza, estática y dinámicamente, los cambios en las condiciones de vida de los hogares en Colombia entre los años 1997 y 2003 mediante un indicador alternativo que incorpora aspectos de salud y el tiempo gastado en desplazamiento. Estas variables reducen la importancia otorgada al capital físico en otros indicadores de calidad de vida y, a la vez, aumentan las diferencias entre las zonas rurales y urbanas. Este indicador provee nuevos elementos para la discusión s...

  9. Prescription profile of potentially aristolochic acid containing Chinese herbal products: an analysis of National Health Insurance data in Taiwan between 1997 and 2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lee Chang-Hsing

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Some Chinese herbal products (CHPs may contain aristolochic acid (AA or may be adulterated by the herbs suspected of containing AA which is nephrotoxic and carcinogenic. This study aims to identify the risk and the prescription profile of AA-containing CHPs (AA-CHPs in Taiwan. Methods A longitudinal analysis was conducted on a randomly sampled cohort of 200,000 patients using the data from the National Health Insurance (NHI in Taiwan between 1997 and 2003. Results During the 7-year study period, 78,644 patients were prescribed with AA-CHPs; most patients were females, or middle-aged, or both. A total of 526,867 prescriptions were made to use 1,218 licensed AA-CHPs. Over 85% of the AA-exposed patients took less than 60 g of AA-herbs; however, about 7% were exposed to a cumulated dose of over 100 g of Radix et Rhizoma Asari (Xixin, Caulis Akebiae (Mutong or Fructus Aristolochiae (Madouling. Patients of respiratory and musculoskeletal diseases received most of the AA-CHP prescriptions. The most frequently prescribed AA-CHPs Shujing Huoxie Tang, Chuanqiong Chadiao San and Longdan Xiegan Tang, containing Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae, Radix et Rhizoma Asari and Caulis Akebiae, respectively. Conclusion About one-third of people in Taiwan have been prescribed with AA-CHPs between 1997 and 2003. Although the cumulated doses were not large, further actions should be carried out to ensure the safe use of AA-CHPs.

  10. Prescription profile of potentially aristolochic acid containing Chinese herbal products: an analysis of National Health Insurance data in Taiwan between 1997 and 2003.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hsieh, Shu-Ching; Lin, I-Hsin; Tseng, Wei-Lum; Lee, Chang-Hsing; Wang, Jung-Der

    2008-10-23

    Some Chinese herbal products (CHPs) may contain aristolochic acid (AA) or may be adulterated by the herbs suspected of containing AA which is nephrotoxic and carcinogenic. This study aims to identify the risk and the prescription profile of AA-containing CHPs (AA-CHPs) in Taiwan. A longitudinal analysis was conducted on a randomly sampled cohort of 200,000 patients using the data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan between 1997 and 2003. During the 7-year study period, 78,644 patients were prescribed with AA-CHPs; most patients were females, or middle-aged, or both. A total of 526,867 prescriptions were made to use 1,218 licensed AA-CHPs. Over 85% of the AA-exposed patients took less than 60 g of AA-herbs; however, about 7% were exposed to a cumulated dose of over 100 g of Radix et Rhizoma Asari (Xixin), Caulis Akebiae (Mutong) or Fructus Aristolochiae (Madouling). Patients of respiratory and musculoskeletal diseases received most of the AA-CHP prescriptions. The most frequently prescribed AA-CHPs Shujing Huoxie Tang, Chuanqiong Chadiao San and Longdan Xiegan Tang, containing Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae, Radix et Rhizoma Asari and Caulis Akebiae, respectively. About one-third of people in Taiwan have been prescribed with AA-CHPs between 1997 and 2003. Although the cumulated doses were not large, further actions should be carried out to ensure the safe use of AA-CHPs.

  11. Santiago de Cali

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana María Sanabria

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se estudia la prevalencia del tipo de acto delictivo en un grupo de jóvenes infractores de Leyes colombianas. Se estudiaron datos de la Policía Nacional, en la cual se encontraban reportados los jóvenes que presentaron conductas delictivas en el año 2003 en Santiago de Cali, dentro de las categorías tipo o descripción del acto delictivo, edad y sexo. La unidad de análisis estuvo conformada por 3,677 jóvenes infractores, habitantes de diferentes comunas de la ciudad, con edades entre los 10 y los 17 años. La edad media de los jóvenes fue de 15,75 años. El acto delictivo más prevalente en ambos sexos fue el hurto, seguido del tráfico, fabricación o porte de estupefacientes en las mujeres; y, la fabricación, tráfico y porte de armas de fuego o municiones en los hombres. Siendo los últimos quienes, con mayor frecuencia manifiestan actos delictivos en comparación con las mujeres, observados con mayor frecuencia en el grupo de jóvenes entre 16 y 17 años. Los resultados muestran la importancia de variables biológicas y evolutivas, como la edad y el sexo, en la manifestación de este comportamiento; en consecuencia, la importancia de plantear programas de intervención diferenciados con perspectiva de género y edad que puedan generar un impacto relevante en esta población para la prevención y/o disminución de la delincuencia juvenil.

  12. Rutas literarias en el Camino de Santiago

    OpenAIRE

    Octavio Uña Juarez

    2013-01-01

    Desde los marcos teóricos de la sociología de la literatura y desde la consideración del lenguaje poético se presenta el Camino de Santiago como una gran realización humana y como una construcción simbólica de la sociedad española y europea desde las profundidades de la Edad Media hasta la tardomodernidad. La vía de Santiago ha sido una metáfora viva del encuentro, un signo vertebrador de la conciencia europea. Unas puntuales consideraciones revisan posiciones de filósofos, teólogos, semiólog...

  13. Algoritmo para el control metabólico del paciente diabético en el periodo posoperatorio de la cirugía cardiovascular

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    Maikel Rodulfo García

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available El paciente con diabetes mellitus en el periodo posoperatorio de la cirugía cardiovascular, frecuentemente presenta descontrol en sus niveles de glucemia, debido a las consecuencias metabólicas que traen consigo, tanto el aumento de hormonas contra-reguladoras como la resistencia y/o disminución de los niveles de insulina, causado por el estrés quirúrgico al cual se expone el organismo. Su control es esencial durante la cirugía y luego de esta, pues de ello depende la evolución de los afectados; por tanto, es de vital importancia poseer una guía que permita orientarse para mantener las cifras de glucemia en valores adecuados. Se presenta un algoritmo terapéutico de fácil aplicación, elaborado en el Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, con vistas a tratar la hiperglucemia, que pueda generalizarse al resto de los centros del país

  14. ENRIQUE LIHN: SANTIAGO, PARÍS, MANHATTAN

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    Adriana Valdés

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo, se estudia el trauma y el viaje en la poesía de Enrique Lihn, analizando las relaciones entre lo traumático, la escritura y la experiencia cultural que el poeta trabajó, con una perspectiva crítica, en tres lugares clave: Santiago, París y Manhattan. En todos ellos, un extranjero que solo se asienta en el acto de escribir: "días de mi escritura/ solar del extranjero". Extranjero respecto de su ciudad de origen, tanto la primera dimensión traumática de los años de formación, como en su escritura posterior en Santiago durante la dictadura militar. Extranjero en París, ciudad que no reconoce el deseo ferviente de quienes, en otras latitudes, han venerado su cultura. Y extranjero en la Babel moderna, en Manhattan, lugar en que el poeta trabaja el frenético anonimato de una civilización basada en las imágenes efímeras y en el espectáculo.This text studies trauma and travel in Enrique Lihn's poetry, analyzing relationships between trauma, writing and the cultural experience the poet worked on, from a critical perspective, in three key places: Santiago, Paris and Manhattan. In all three, a foreigner, a stranger, whose homeland is not to be found in aplace, but only in the act of writing itself ("días de mi escritura/ solar del extranjero". A stranger in his city of origin, both in the earlier traumatic dimension of his formative years, and in the later writing in Santiago during the military dictatorship. A stranger in Paris, a city that does not recognize the fervent desire of those raised elsewhere, in the veneration of its culture. And a stranger in modern Babel, Manhattan, aplace in which the poet perceives the frantic anonimity of a civilization based on ephemeral images and spectacle.

  15. Una evaluación estática y dinámica de los cambios en calidad de vida en Colombia durante 1997-2003.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Fernando Gamboa

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza, estática y dinámicamente, los cambios en las condiciones de vida de los hogares en Colombia entre los años 1997 y 2003 mediante un indicador alternativo que incorpora aspectos de salud y el tiempo gastado en desplazamiento. Estas variables reducen la importancia otorgada al capital físico en otros indicadores de calidad de vida y, a la vez, aumentan las diferencias entre las zonas rurales y urbanas. Este indicador provee nuevos elementos para la discusión sobre políticas de salud y de transporte.

  16. POBREZA Y DELINCUENCIA DEPARTAMENTAL EN COLOMBIA 2003 - 2007

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LUIS EDUARDO SANDOVAL

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El documento analiza la relación existente entre la delincuencia y la pobreza en Colombia a nivel departamental durante el periodo 2003-2007. Su punto de partida es la consideración de delitos que afectan la seguridad democrática y la seguridad ciudadana como la delincuencia común, mediante el análisis multivariado de covarianza (MANCOVA. Esta forma de modelar esta situación muestra la relación existente entre los delitos, la pobreza y los territorios teniendo en cuenta su ubicación en el contexto regional y nacional.

  17. Aerosol composition and source apportionment in Santiago de Chile

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Artaxo, Paulo; Oyola, Pedro; Martinez, Roberto

    1999-01-01

    Santiago de Chile, Sao Paulo and Mexico City are Latin American urban areas that suffer from heavy air pollution. In order to study air pollution in Santiago area, an aerosol source apportionment study was designed to measure ambient aerosol composition and size distribution for two downtown sampling sites in Santiago. The aerosol monitoring stations were operated in Gotuzo and Las Condes during July and August 1996. The study employed stacked filter units (SFU) for aerosol sampling, collecting fine mode aerosol (dp 10 mass of particles smaller than 10 μm) and black carbon concentration were also measured. Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) was used to measure the concentration of 22 trace elements at levels below 0.5 ng m -3 . Quantitative aerosol source apportionment was performed using Absolute Principal Factor Analysis (APFA). Very high aerosol concentrations were observed (up to 400 μg/m 3 PM 10 ). The main aerosol particle sources in Santiago are resuspended soil dust and traffic emissions. Coarse particles account for 63% of PM 10 aerosol in Gotuzo and 53% in Las Condes. A major part of this component is resuspended soil dust. In the fine fraction, resuspended soil dust accounts for 15% of fine mass, and the aerosols associated with transportation activities account for a high 64% of the fine particle mass. Sulfate particle is an important component of the aerosol in Santiago, mainly originating from gas-to-particle conversion from SO 2 . In the Gotuzo site, sulfates are the highest aerosol component, accounting for 64.5% of fine mass. Direct traffic emissions are generally mixed with resuspended soil dust. It is difficult to separate the two components, because the soil dust in downtown Santiago is contaminated with Pb, Br, Cl, and other heavy metals that are also tracers for traffic emissions. Residual oil combustion is observed, with the presence of V, S and Ni. An aerosol components from industrial emissions is also present, with the presence of

  18. Pilgrimage, Past and Present. Norwegian Perspectives with emphasis on Santiago de Compostela

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    Roger Jensen

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available In this article, we discuss the phenomenon of pilgrimage from a Norwegian perspective, exemplified by the past and present role and significance of Santiago de Compostela as a holy site and destination for pilgrims. By taking a historical view, the transformation of meaning and role is stressed. In the Middle Ages, Santiago was an important pilgrimage destination for people living in Northern Europe. Following the subsequent Protestant Reformation and the era of confessionalization, Santiago came to exemplify all the problems and challenges related to pilgrimage and the name of the city became a derogatory word. From this background, the present-day rediscovery of pilgrimage in Norway and the role of the city of Santiago, as the foremost example of the renaissance of the pilgrimage phenomena in present day postmodern times, are discussed. It is argued that the “rehabilitation” of Santiago and the new interest in pilgrimage in Norway were made possible due to the redefinition of pilgrimage that has taken place on what can be characterized as an ideological level. It is a redefinition that reflects the postmodern renaissance of pilgrimage and which is documented in recent social scientific empirical studies on the Camino.

  19. Asset Management Plan: 1998-2003.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jefferson County School District R-1, Denver, CO.

    The Jefferson County School District (Denver, Colorado) presents its final scheduling and funding source information for the 1998-2003 capital improvement program and the status of the 1992-1997 completed capital improvement project costs compared to the budget. Funding data are detailed for each of the district's 182 public schools, special use…

  20. Santiago de Chile: Metropolización, globalización, desigualdad

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    Alfredo Rodríguez

    2001-05-01

    Full Text Available El siguiente artículo describe cómo la pobreza y la exclusión dentro de Santiago ha sido pasada por alto en parte debido al fuerte desempeño económico y al positivo conjunto de indicadores sociales que la ciudad exhibe. Enfatiza cuán segregada se ha vuelto la ciudad, subrayando la fragmentación política y las grandes diferencias entre las 34 municipalidades que conforman el Gran Santiago en lo que se refiere a ingreso per cápita, calidad de la educación, cobertura de la inversión en edificación y los niveles de ingreso y gasto de las autoridades municipales. También describe la pérdida de espacio social y físico para la interacción pública y el crecimiento de una percepción de inseguridad. Sugiere que tales problemas en parte se relacionan con una falta de estructuras democráticas en Santiago ya que la ciudad carece de un gobierno metropolitano representativo y además el poder, los recursos y la toma de decisiones permanecen en un plano nacionalThe paper describes how poverty and exclusion within Santiago has been overlooked, in part, because of the city’s strong economic performance and impressive aggregate social indicators. It highlights how segregated the city has become -for instance the political fragmentation and the difference between the 34 municipalities that conform Santiago in terms of their per capita income, quality of education, extent of new building investment, and municipal authority levels of income and expenditure. It also describes the loss of social and physical space for public interaction and the rising perception of insecurity. It suggests that such problems are in part linked to the lack of democratic structures within Santiago since it lacks a democratic metropolitan government. Power, resources and decisions remain within national ministries

  1. Safeguarding musical heritage. Memories of the rescue of the Hymn of Santiago de Cuba

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    Daylenis Blanco-Lobaina

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available The musicality that highlights Santiago de Cuba as one of its fundamental attractions motivated one of the lines of work of the Escalinata project, focused on communication and promotion of Santiago's heritage. The city treasures several hymns composed in different periods and historical contexts, among them some dedicated to the Virgin of the Charity of the Copper and Santiago Apostle, patron of the city. However, dedicated to the city, Santiago's musical history has revealed the existence of a single anthem, which is why a process of restoration and digitization of its scores began in function of the rescue of this musical composition of the early nineteenth century. This work reveals the process of safeguarding and enhancing the value of this piece of music, considered to be the city's cultural heritage, just 88 years after it was premiered in the Municipal Government of Santiago de Cuba.

  2. The many arts in Santiago, by João Moreira Salles

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    Jacques Fux

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available This article discusses the documentary Santiago, by João Moreira Salles, exploring the many arts of the main character Santiago. Besides being very rich in its autobiographic approach, the film allows us to establish some connections with literature and some characters of Borges and Flaubert, as it relates to performance and documentary theories. Santiago, disguised as a butler for over four decades, began to accumulate delusions. While working at the residence of the Moreira Salles, he typed 30,000 cards, classified and cataloged his own story and the “history of great men”. His notes are the record of his passage through Literature and History. The film by João Moreira Salles ensures Santiago’s posterity, in the same way that reports of Dante and the creations and inventions of Borges ensure the existence of their characters. Santiago, as a Flaubert’s copyist, lives and is reinvented on the screen through his testimony, memory, art and through the auto fictional documentary by Salles.

  3. Statistical analysis of incidents reported in the Greek Petrochemical Industry for the period 1997-2003

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Konstandinidou, Myrto; Nivolianitou, Zoe; Markatos, Nikolaos; Kiranoudis, Chris

    2006-01-01

    This paper makes an analysis of all reported accidents and incidents in the Greek Petrochemical Industry for the period spanning from 1997 to 2003. The work performed is related to the analysis of important parameters of the incidents, their inclusion in a database adequately designed for the purposes of this analysis and an importance assessment of this reporting scheme. Indeed, various stakeholders have highlighted the importance of a reporting system for industrial accidents and incidents. The European Union has established for this purpose the Major Accident Reporting System (MARS) for the reporting of major accidents in the Member States. However, major accidents are not the only measure that can characterize the safety status of an establishment; neither are the former the only events from which important lessons can be learned. Near misses, industrial incidents without major consequences, as well as occupational accidents could equally supply with important findings the interested analyst, while statistical analysis of these incidents could give significant insight in the understanding and the prevention of similar incidents or major accidents in the future. This analysis could be more significant, if each industrial sector was separately analyzed, as the authors do for the petrochemical sector in the present article

  4. Mortalidad por defectos del tubo neural en México, 1980-1997

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    Ramírez-Espitia José A

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Describir la mortalidad en México por defectos del tubo neural, durante el periodo 1980-1997. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Las tasas anuales de mortalidad estatales y nacionales, por defectos del tubo neural, se calcularon por 10 000 nacidos vivos. La tendencia temporal fue evaluada por el porcentaje de cambio anual obtenido mediante un modelo de regresión de Poisson. Se calculó la razón de mortalidad, tomando la media nacional como referencia. Las tasas y las razones se representaron gráficamente en mapas. RESULTADOS: Durante el periodo la tasa bruta de mortalidad por defectos del tubo neural fue de 5.8 por 10 000 nacidos vivos. La anencefalia fue el tipo de defecto más frecuente (37.7%, seguida de la espina bífida sin hidrocefalia (31.6%. La tendencia nacional de la mortalidad por defectos del tubo neural fue ascendente entre 1980 y 1990 (porcentaje de cambio anual 7.5 IC 95% 6.5, 8.6 y descendente entre 1990-1997 (porcentaje de cambio anual -2.3 IC 95% -3.6, -0.9. CONCLUSIONES: Las altas tasas de mortalidad por defectos del tubo neural fueron debidas principalmente a la elevada frecuencia de las anencefalias. El incremento observado parece no ser sólo atribuible a cuestiones puramente diagnósticas o de mejora en los registros. La influencia de factores asociados a estos defectos, como determinados polimorfismos genéticos, la deficiencia de ácido fólico, la obesidad materna, la exposición laboral a plaguicidas y la pobreza deberán evaluarse mediante estudios específicos.

  5. Patterns of Radiotherapy Practice for Patients With Cervical Cancer in Japan, 2003-2005: Changing Trends in the Pattern of Care Process

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tomita, Natsuo, E-mail: ntomita@aichi-cc.jp [Department of Radiation Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya (Japan); Toita, Takafumi [Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa (Japan); Kodaira, Takeshi [Department of Radiation Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya (Japan); Shinoda, Atsunori [Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto (Japan); Uno, Takashi [Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba (Japan); Numasaki, Hodaka; Teshima, Teruki [Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita (Japan); Mitsumori, Michihide [Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto (Japan)

    2012-08-01

    Purpose: The patterns of care study (PCS) of radiotherapy for cervical cancer in Japan over the last 10 years was reviewed. Methods and Materials: The Japanese PCS working group analyzed data from 1,200 patients (1995-1997, 591 patients; 1999-2001, 324 patients; 2003-2005, 285 patients) with cervical cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy in Japan. Results: Patients in the 2001-2003 survey were significantly younger than those in the 1999-2001 study (p < 0.0001). Histology, performance status, and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage were not significantly different among the three survey periods. Use of combinations of chemotherapy has increased significantly during those periods (1995-1997, 24%; 1999-2001, 33%; 2003-2005, 54%; p < 0.0001). The ratio of patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy has also dramatically increased (1995-1997, 20%; 1999-2001, 54%; 2003-2005, 83%; p < 0.0001). As for external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), the application rate of four-field portals has greatly increased over the three survey periods (1995-1997, 2%; 1999-2001, 7%; 2003-2005, 21%; p < 0.0001). In addition, the use of an appropriate beam energy for EBRT has shown an increase (1995-1997, 67%; 1999-2001, 74%; 2003-2005, 81%; p = 0.064). As for intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT), an iridium source has become increasingly popular (1995-1997, 27%; 1999-2001, 42%; 2003-2005, 84%; p < 0.0001). Among the three surveys, the ratio of patients receiving ICBT (1995-1997, 77%; 1999-2001, 82%; 2003-2005, 78%) has not changed. Although follow-up was inadequate in each survey, no significant survival differences were observed (p = 0.36), and rates of late Grade 3 or higher toxicity were significantly different (p = 0.016). Conclusions: The Japanese PCS has monitored consistent improvements over the past 10 years in the application of chemotherapy, timing of chemotherapy, and EBRT methods. However, there is still room for improvement, especially in the clinical

  6. Children at risk: A comparison of child pedestrian traffic collisions in Santiago, Chile, and Seoul, South Korea.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blazquez, Carola; Lee, Jae Seung; Zegras, Christopher

    2016-01-01

    We examine and compare pedestrian-vehicle collisions and injury outcomes involving school-age children between 5 and 18 years of age in the capital cities of Santiago, Chile, and Seoul, South Korea. We conduct descriptive analysis of the child pedestrian-vehicle collision (P-VC) data (904 collisions for Santiago and 3,505 for Seoul) reported by the police between 2010 and 2011. We also statistically analyze factors associated with child P-VCs, by both incident severity and age group, using 3 regression models: negative binomial, probit, and spatial lag models. Descriptive statistics suggest that child pedestrians in Seoul have a higher risk of being involved in traffic crashes than their counterparts in Santiago. However, in Seoul a greater proportion of children are unharmed as a result of these incidents, whereas more child pedestrians are killed in Santiago. Younger children in Seoul suffer more injuries from P-VCs than in Santiago. The majority of P-VCs in both cities tend to occur in the afternoon and evening, at intersections in Santiago and at midblock locations in Seoul. Our model results suggest that the resident population of children is positively associated with P-VCs in both cities, and school concentrations apparently increase P-VC risk among older children in Santiago. Bus stops are associated with higher P-VCs in Seoul, and subway stations relate to higher P-VCs among older children in Santiago. Zone-level land use mix was negatively related to child P-VCs in Seoul but not in Santiago. Arterial roads are associated with fewer P-VCs, especially for younger children in both cities. A share of collector roads is associated with increased P-VCs in Seoul but fewer P-VCs in Santiago. Hilliness is related to fewer P-VCs in both cities. Differences in these model results for Santiago and Seoul warrant additional analysis, as do the differences in results across model type (negative binomial versus spatial lag models). To reduce child P-VCs, this study

  7. LA IMAGEN DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA EN EL MERCADO TURÍSTICO ITALIANO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucrezia Lopez

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El sector turístico se está convirtiendo en uno de los sectores económicos más importantes en la economía gallega y compostelana. Durante los últimos años se han desarrollado nuevas y exitosas políticas turísticas para diversificar la oferta turística de Santiago y al mismo tiempo para renovar su imagen. En la actualidad, Santiago deja de ser sólo meta religiosa o de peregrinaje, y la presencia turística es cada vez más internacional; por su parte las motivaciones de viaje se van diversificando. Para comprobar el éxito de estas políticas hacia el exterior, el presente trabajo toma en consideración la imagen que la ciudad de Santiago proyecta hacia el mercado italiano (uno de los más importantes en la actualidad gracias a un trabajo de campo mediante encuestas y entrevistas dirigido a los turistas italianos en Santiago.

  8. Energetic intensity and exportation: an analysis of the period 1997-2004; Intensidade energetica e exportacao: uma analise do periodo 1997-2004

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Soares, Munir Younes; Bermann, Celio [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Programa Interunidades de Pos-Graduacao em Energia (PIPGE)]. E-mails: munir@iee.usp.br; muniryounes@yahoo.com.br; cbermann@iee.usp.br; Cavaliero, Karla Kazue Nakao [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica. Programa de Pos-graduacao em Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos]. E-mail: cavaliero@fem.unicamp.br

    2006-07-01

    This paper aims to analyze the course of industrial energy intensity from 1997 to 2004. A historical retrospective was done in order to explain how the Brazilian industrial option has been influencing the profile of this index, demonstrating that Brazil is following a different trajectory in comparison to the developed countries. To achieve this, an analysis was conducted of the whole metallurgical industry, along with the paper, cellulose and mineral industries and the total Brazilian Industry. The energy intensity, the elasticity energy consume product and the export quantum indicators were calculated for the industry and for each sub sector. To conclude, the results will be discussed and commented. (author)

  9. Mortalidad por defectos del tubo neural en México, 1980-1997 Mortality due to neural tube defects in Mexico, 1980-1997

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José A Ramírez-Espitia

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Describir la mortalidad en México por defectos del tubo neural, durante el periodo 1980-1997. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Las tasas anuales de mortalidad estatales y nacionales, por defectos del tubo neural, se calcularon por 10 000 nacidos vivos. La tendencia temporal fue evaluada por el porcentaje de cambio anual obtenido mediante un modelo de regresión de Poisson. Se calculó la razón de mortalidad, tomando la media nacional como referencia. Las tasas y las razones se representaron gráficamente en mapas. RESULTADOS: Durante el periodo la tasa bruta de mortalidad por defectos del tubo neural fue de 5.8 por 10 000 nacidos vivos. La anencefalia fue el tipo de defecto más frecuente (37.7%, seguida de la espina bífida sin hidrocefalia (31.6%. La tendencia nacional de la mortalidad por defectos del tubo neural fue ascendente entre 1980 y 1990 (porcentaje de cambio anual 7.5 IC 95% 6.5, 8.6 y descendente entre 1990-1997 (porcentaje de cambio anual -2.3 IC 95% -3.6, -0.9. CONCLUSIONES: Las altas tasas de mortalidad por defectos del tubo neural fueron debidas principalmente a la elevada frecuencia de las anencefalias. El incremento observado parece no ser sólo atribuible a cuestiones puramente diagnósticas o de mejora en los registros. La influencia de factores asociados a estos defectos, como determinados polimorfismos genéticos, la deficiencia de ácido fólico, la obesidad materna, la exposición laboral a plaguicidas y la pobreza deberán evaluarse mediante estudios específicos.OBJECTIVE: To describe the mortality due to neural tube defects (NTD in Mexico for the 1980-1997 period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The annual NTD mortality rates per 10000 liveborn infants were calculated by state and for the country. The time trend was evaluated with the annual percent change (APC obtained using a Poisson regression model. The NTD mortality ratio was calculated using the average national rate as reference. NTD mortality rates and ratios were

  10. El color a las puertas de Santiago

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García Martínez, Alberto

    1995-08-01

    Full Text Available On the occasion of the Xacobeo 93, within the program of the works carried out to complete the urban infrastructures, Santiago de Compostela decided to undertake the morphological adaptation of the area located in the eastern part of the city, the arrival point of the Pilgrims Road to Santiago. In different parts of Spain, small chromatic actions are being carried out, mostly on the heritage of old buildings; on the contrary, the project which is the object of this article, beside being characteristic for its large scope, also has the peculiarity of referring to a recent architecture, dating from the 60s-70s.

    Dentro del programa de obras realizadas por completar las infraestructuras urbanas, con motivo del Xacobeo 93, Santiago de Compostela decide la adecuación morfológica del barrio situado al Este de la ciudad, llegada del Camino Jacobeo. Si bien en distintos puntos de nuestro país se están produciendo pequeñas actuaciones cromáticas, éstas recaen siempre en el patrimonio edificado antiguo; por el contrario, el proyecto objeto de este artículo, además de la amplitud de su intervención, tiene la particularidad de referirse a una arquitectura reciente, de los años 60-70.

  11. Premarital sexual activity and contraceptive use in Santiago, Chile.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Herold, J M; Valenzuela, M S; Morris, L

    1992-01-01

    The Santiago Young Adult Reproductive Health Survey was conducted in 1988 to examine the sexual behavior of and contraceptive use among young adults in Chile. The survey was based on multistage household probability samples of 865 women and 800 men aged 15-24 who were living in Santiago in 1988. Findings show that 35 percent of females and 65 percent of males had had premarital intercourse. Among those who had done so, the median age at first experience was 18.4 years for women and 16.4 years for men. Only 20 percent of females and 19 percent of males used contraceptives at first premarital intercourse. Use of contraceptives increased with age at the time of that event. Fertility data reveal that 70 percent of first births were premaritally conceived, and more than one-third of these were born prior to union. The high rates of premarital and unintended pregnancy among young women and the low prevalence of effective contraceptive use indicate a need for greater emphasis on sex education and family planning services directed at adolescents and unmarried young adults in Santiago.

  12. DERECHOS CIVILES Y POLÍTICOS EN EL PERIODO REVOLUCIONARIO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Manuel Valcárcel Torres

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available La investigación que origina el presente artículo corresponde al esfuerzo emprendido por varias universidades Colombianas empeñadas en profundizar en algunos aspectos relacionados con la inminente celebración del bicentenario Constitucional Colombiano. Estas universidades son las de Medellín, Manizales, Libre y Militar Nueva Granada. Esta ha concentrado sus esfuerzos en la evolución de los derechos fundamentales a lo largo de la historia constitucional contenida en el periodo comprendido entre los años 1.810-2010. Parte del logro de este esfuerzo consiste precisamente en revisar la evolución de los derechos civiles y políticos, para la cual comenzaremos por el periodo revolucionario.

  13. The Procession that Travels Inside: Yuyachkani's "Santiago"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Rubio Zapata

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available In collaborative theater projects like Yuyachkani , it is hard to define the exact moment when a new project begins. Generally we have a very imprecise idea as our initial point of departure and we explore it more fully in the day-to-day work, where it changes a great deal. Santiago is a project that began as a processional performance piece in the public plazas before premiering as a theatrical work in its current form, as a largely Quechua-language play focusing on permutations of faith in an almost uninhabited Andean village. The final project arrived as a result of this complex process of research and exploration. Santiago has a very long road to its current form, always with the indispensable accompaniment of the writer Peter Elmore, the co-author of the play.

  14. Brazos Santiago Inlet, Texas, Shoaling Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    2018-02-01

    Development Center 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 Final report Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared...focus of this study was to understand the shoaling process in the BSI and to suggest sand management alternatives to reduce inlet maintenance ...Santiago Inlet Entrance Channel maintenance dredging quantities (normal distribution). ........................................................ 20

  15. Trends In The Elemental Composition Of PM2.5 In Santiago, Chile From 1998 To 2006

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ruiz, P.; Oyola, P.; Gramsch, E.; Moreno, F.; Koutrakis, P.

    2007-05-01

    Santiago, Chile is one of the most polluted cities in South America. As a response, over the past 15 years, numerous pollution reduction programs have been implemented by the environmental authority, Comision Nacional del Medio Ambiente (CONAMA). This paper assesses the effectiveness of these interventions by examining the trends of PM2.5 and its elemental composition. Daily fine particle filter samples were collected in Santiago, Chile at a downtown location from April 1998 through March 2003. Additionally, meteorological variables were measured continuously. Annual average concentrations of PM2.5 decreased only marginally, from 41.8 μg/m3 for the 1998/1999 period to 35.4 μg/m3 for the 2002/2003 period. PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the annual U.S. EPA Standard of 15 μg/m3. Additionally, about 20% of the days exceeded the old standard of 65 μg/m3, while about half of the days exceeded the new standard (effective in 2006) of 35 μg/m3. Mean PM2.5 levels during the cold season (April through September) were three times as high as those observed in the warm season (October through March). Particulate mass and elemental concentration trends were investigated using regression models, controlling for year, month, weekday, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity. Significant decreases were observed for Pb, Br, and S concentrations, while minor but still significant decreases were observed for Ni, Al, Si, Ca and Fe. The larger decreases were associated with specific remediation policies implemented to remove lead from gasoline, the reduction of sulfur levels in diesel fuel, and the introduction of natural gas. These results suggest that the pollution reduction programs, specially the ones related to transport, have been effective in reducing various important components of PM. However, particle mass and other associated element levels remain high and it is thus imperative to continue the efforts to improve air quality, particularly, focusing on industrial

  16. Hearing difficulty attributable to employment by industry and occupation: an analysis of the National Health Interview Survey--United States, 1997 to 2003.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tak, SangWoo; Calvert, Geoffrey M

    2008-01-01

    To estimate the national burden of hearing difficulty among workers in US industries and occupations. Data on 130,102 employed National Health Interview Survey respondents between the ages of 18 to 65 years who were interviewed between 1997 and 2003 were analyzed to estimate the population prevalence, adjusted prevalence ratios, and fractions of hearing difficulty attributable to employment. The estimated population prevalence of hearing difficulty was 11.4% (24% attributable to employment). The adjusted prevalence ratios of hearing difficulty were highest for railroads, mining, and primary metal manufacturing industry. Occupations with increased risk of hearing difficulty were mechanics/repairers, machine operators, and transportation equipment operators. Hearing difficulty was differentially distributed across various industries. In industries with high rates, employers and workers should take preventive action to reduce the risk of occupational hearing loss.

  17. El programa nacional contra la violencia familiar y sexual y su impacto en la prevalencia de la violencia familiar y sexual en el Perú, período 2003-2009

    OpenAIRE

    Aguirre Alarcón, Candy Jessica; Aguirre Alarcón, Candy Jessica; Aguirre Alarcón, Candy Jessica

    2012-01-01

    El presente estudio de investigación tiene por objetivo probar que a través de la intervención con una gestión de resultados del Programa Nacional Contra la Violencia Familiar y Sexual, del Ministerio de la Mujer y Desarrollo Social, se contribuye en la reducción de la prevalencia de la violencia familiar y sexual en el Per˙, en el periodo 2004-2009. Teniendo como fuente de datos la información oficial del Programa Nacional Contra la Violencia Familiar y Sexual, para los periodos 2003 ...

  18. Development of methods for evaluating options for improving air quality in Santiago, Chile and its environs. Final report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Williams, M.D.; Brown, M.J.

    1993-10-01

    Santiago, Chile has a serious air pollution problem. Aerosols reach very high levels and ozone exceeds US ambient standards on over 100 days a year. Chileans are very concerned about the poor air quality of Santiago and the effect of emissions from their copper smelters both near Santiago and at other sites. Officials from both the Santiago metropolitan air quality commission (La Comision Especial de Descontaminacion de le Region Metropolitana) and a government owned copper development company (La Empress Nacional de Mineria (ENAMI)) have asked for assistance to deal with the air quality problems in the city and associated with smelter emissions. This report describes the first steps in that effort. Santiago lies in a valley between a small coastal range to the west and the towering Andes to the cast. Air motion is greatly affected by the major topographical features which include the Pacific Ocean, the coastal range, and the Andes. In this first year of work the authors concentrated on gathering information on the meteorology, topography, and air quality of the metropolitan region. They examined two smelter sites and applied models to them to help their understanding and to provide assistance to ENAMI. One smelter, Ventanas, was located on the Pacific coast to the northwest of Santiago, while the other, Paipote, was located several hundred kilometers to the north. The Ventanas emissions may potentially affect Santiago air quality. Several advantages of working with the smelters in the first phase of the project are: (1) there is more monitoring in the vicinity of the smelters, (2) the development of a useful emission inventory is easier, (3) they pose a simpler problem of immediate interest whose resolution will provide an early benefit to the Chilean colleagues, and (4) the authors gain important experience as they prepare to delve deeper into Santiago`s air pollution problems.

  19. La transparencia presupuestaria en Costa Rica en el período 2003-2009

    OpenAIRE

    Palma Rodríguez, Carlos

    2011-01-01

    Este articulo analiza los principales resultados del estudio sobre la transparencia de los presupuestos públicos de Costa Rica y una evolución de los principales atributos que la conforman, en el periodo 2003-2009, como un elemento relevante, dentro de la nueva concepción de la Gestión Pública. La visión moderna de incorporar a la ciudadanía como un actor más dentro del proceso de las políticas públicas, nos obliga a desarrollar nuevos modelos presupuestarios, para lograr una administración p...

  20. Indicator based sustainability analysis of future energy situation of Santiago de Chile

    OpenAIRE

    Stelzer, Volker; Quintero, Adriana; Vargas, Luis; Paredes, Gonzalo; Simon, Sonja; Nienhaus, Kristina; Kopfmüller, Jürgen

    2014-01-01

    Up to now, the Chilean Energy system has fulfilled the energy needs of Santiago de Chile considerably well. However, development trends of the current system impose significant future risks on the energy system. A detailed sustainability analysis of the energy sector of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile was conducted, using selected energy indicators and a distance-to-target approach. Risks for the sustainable development of the energy sector are detected, such...

  1. Identidad y fronteras urbanas en Santiago de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisca Márquez

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Este articulo analiza a través de un ejercicio etnográfico los procesos de construcción identitaria de los habitantes de barrios pobres y medios de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Se plantea que las identidades que alli se construyen son expresión de los procesos de segregación urbana de la ciudad de Santiago y ellas dan cuenta del debilitamiento de un modelo urbano asentado en la heterogeneidad social, la noción de espacio público y valores como la ciudadanía política y la integración social. Paradojalmente, esta misma segregación urbana abre también paso a un imaginario y una práctica de vida comunitaria y tribal que refuerza y protege al nosotros de la peligrosidad de los otros.

  2. 1998-2003: El Impacto de desequilibrios económicos en el valor de los operadores de telecomunicaciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander Flögel, Oliver

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available Las operadoras de telecomunicaciones son parte de un sistema económico que debe mantenerse en equilibrio para su desarrollo sustentable.
    La evolución de la capitalización bursátil de las operadoras de telecomunicaciones durante el periodo 1998-2003 puede dividirse en tres etapas: Expansión; Reparación y Nuevo Equilibrio.
    La primera etapa de expansión se caracteriza por un fuerte crecimiento orgánico e inorgánico de las compañías, donde generalmente este último crecimiento, dado principalmente por adquisiciones y fusiones, es financiado mediante aportaciones de capital de sus accionistas o emisiones de deuda. Este crecimiento alimenta a todo el sistema, incrementando de manera continuada su valor. Durante el año 2000 se produce el primer punto de inflexión profundo en esta tendencia alcista del valor de los activos debido a una ineficiencia del sistema económico donde se produce una transferencia desequilibrada de valor hacia uno de sus agentes: el gobierno.
    La segunda etapa, que abarca el periodo 2000-2003, implica un proceso de reparación del sistema por parte de los operadores para revertir esta transferencia de valor. Este proceso de reparación afecta a todos los agentes en mayor o menor medida.
    Durante el 2003 se ha producido un segundo punto de inflexión mas tenue y aun frágil donde un nuevo aparente equilibrio sienta las bases para una nueva etapa de crecimiento del valor global del sistema económico.

  3. Mérida, clave en la fundación de la Orden de Santiago

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Antonio Ballesteros Díez

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available En este articulo se expone qué la razón por la cual la Orden de los Fratres de Caceras se transformó en la Orden Militar de Santiago, a instancias del obispo de Compostela, radicó en que, a cambio de unos beneficios que éste concedió a Pedro Fernández, el maestre de los cacereños, la nueva Orden, en su avance reconquistador hacia el Sur, no debería reclamar la restauración de la sede arzobispal de Mérida, trasladada interinamente a Santiago mientras su sede emeritense estuviera ocupada por los musulmanes.In this article we are golng to expose that the reason for which the Order of the Fratres of Cáceres was transformed into the Military Order of Santiago at the request of the bishop of Compostela was possible because in exchange for some benefits that he gave Pedro fernández, the Knight of the cecereños, the new Orden in its reconquest advance to the South, shouldn't reclaim the retornatlon of the archiepiscopal see of Mérida, moved temporally to Santiago while it was occupied by the Moslem.

  4. Una arteria norte-sur y el Santiago de Chile „non plus ultra’: la historia de un largo trayecto. / A north-south artery and Santiago de Chile 'non plus ultra

    OpenAIRE

    María Isabel Pavez Reyes

    2011-01-01

    Este escrito resume la prehistoria e historia del Complejo Vial Norte-Sur, de Santiago de Chile, como parte de las acciones del Estado de Chile, en la época del urbanismo realizado por el sector público. /This paper summarizes the prehistory and history of North-South Road Complex, Santiago de Chile, as part of the actions of the State of Chile, at the time of planning by the public sector.

  5. Dos versiones de Santiago Matamoros del escultor Ruiz del Peral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Ángel León Coloma

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available El culto a Santiago Matamoros en el setecientos español, tolerado desde posiciones ilustradas, sigue siendo una devoción alentada por una Iglesia sustancialmente contrarreformista. En Granada este tema iconográfico, con un especial  arraigo  desde  su conquista,  cuenta  en el siglo  XVIII  con  dos  interesantes  realizaciones  escultóricas,  la del convento  de las Comendadoras  de Santiago  y la de la Iglesia  de Santa Ana y San Gil, cuya atribución a Torcuato Ruiz del Peral proponemos en estas páginas.

  6. Santiago de Chile: antecedentes demográficos, expansión urbana y conflictos./ Santiago de Chile: demographic background for the urban sprawl and its conflicts.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Ferrando Acuña

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Cuando la expansión de Santiago se efectuó sobre los sectores rurales circundantes y también, en los últimos decenios, en polígonos altos en busca de mejores condiciones ambientales y de calidad de vida, también impensadamente, se efectuó hacia áreas de mayor riesgo. La ciudad ha cuadruplicado su superficie en los últimos 50 años y se acerca al límite de su capacidad de carga, presionado por la ocupación de áreas morfodinámicamente inestables. Son, por lo tanto, motivo de especial preocupación los desastres asociados en parte a procesos naturales, a los que están expuestas ciudades como Santiago, con una expansión asociada a un proceso de desplanificación activado desde 1979 y que dio término a los 50 años del Estado Planificador (1929-1979./When the urban growth of Santiago overlapped its rural environment, it also overlapped risk zones. in the last half century, the city has quadrupled its surface and is getting to the limit of usable land before using morphodynamic unstable zones.

  7. La situación del arbolado urbano en Santiago./ The state of urban trees in Santiago.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Hernández Palma

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available En la mayoría de los países desarrollados el concepto de manejo de la vegetación urbana ha evolucionado desde funciones meramente estética a funciones medioambientales, incluyendo los beneficios económicos cuantificables de árboles y espacios verdes. En Santiago se constata una gran diferencia entre los distintos municipios respecto de sus políticas y capacidades técnicas asociadas al manejo ("sustentable" de este recurso. Las diferencias de cobertura arbórea pueden llegar a ser de 10 a 1, entre comunas de estratos socioeconómicos altos y bajos. Por ello los servicios ambientales de la vegetación urbana también presentan una gran variabilidad espacial en la ciudad./ The management of the urban vegetation has evolved in the Developed World, from aesthetics to environmental considerations including the economic evaluation of it. In the developing countries the situation is different; in Santiago de Chile there's a deficit in the politics and technical assistance related to the management of the environment. The inequality between the rich and the poor neighbors in terms of trees in public spaces can be as much as 10 to 1. So, the environmental impact of the urban vegetation is not something to consider locally.

  8. [Santiago Ramon y Cajal in literature, cinema and television].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Collado-Vazquez, S; Carrillo, J M

    2016-11-16

    The life and work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal has been portrayed in scientific papers, biographical and autobiographical works, comics, films, television series or documentaries that have attempted to reflect upon his life or his contributions to science and to bring him closer to the general public. To analyse the different ways Santiago Ramon y Cajal has been represented in literature, cinema and television, and to become more closely acquainted with this scientist through his fictional writings. A number of biographical works have been written about Santiago Ramon y Cajal, including scientific papers, comics, books for children and youngsters, as well as the autobiographical writings, essays and even science fiction stories, which provide a good introduction to the life of the scientist and his work. His life has also been adapted to film (Leap to fame) or television (Ramon y Cajal, historia de una voluntad; The butterflies of the soul), which have, with varying degrees of success and accuracy, made him better known to the general population. The numerous biographical writings, historical notes, articles, the scientific work itself, the essays and fictional works by Cajal, as well as the portrayals of the Spanish Nobel Prize winner produced for films and television, can be used to obtain some interesting insights into the scientist, teacher, science populariser, humanist physician and, in short, the man who made such important contributions to neuroscience.

  9. Una arteria norte-sur y el Santiago de Chile „non plus ultra’: la historia de un largo trayecto. / A north-south artery and Santiago de Chile 'non plus ultra

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Isabel Pavez Reyes

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Este escrito resume la prehistoria e historia del Complejo Vial Norte-Sur, de Santiago de Chile, como parte de las acciones del Estado de Chile, en la época del urbanismo realizado por el sector público. /This paper summarizes the prehistory and history of North-South Road Complex, Santiago de Chile, as part of the actions of the State of Chile, at the time of planning by the public sector.

  10. Determinacion de periodos fundamentales del suelo mediante vibraciones ambientales en el municipio de Humacao, Puerto Rico

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cintron Aponte, Rommel

    La tecnica de Nakamura ha sido utilizada a nivel mundial para determinar periodos fundamentales del suelo. La tecnica consiste en calcular y graficar cocientes espectrales H/V de vibraciones ambientales registradas sobre el suelo. Mediciones de vibraciones ambientales fueron tomadas en 151 lugares dentro del municipio de Humacao, localizado al este de Puerto Rico. Los datos se procesaron utilizando espectros de Fourier y espectros de potencia. La tecnica fue validada al compararla con los resultados de cocientes espectrales H/V de registros de sismos debiles y tambien con una modelacion numerica realizada con datos de un ensayo "downhole". Las graficas de los cocientes espectrales H/V fueron divididas en casos y grupos, los cuales dependen de la facilidad para identificar el periodo fundamental pico y amplitudes en frecuencias menores de 1 Hz, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos con ambos espectros fueron comparados y se concluye que los mismos se complementan para proveer resultados mas confiables. Se crearon mapas de periodos fundamentales, factores de amplitud, isoperiodos y clasificacion sismica de sitio. Los mapas de isoperiodos fueron realizados en las zonas mas pobladas sobre depositos de suelo. El mapa de periodos fundamentales del suelo mostro buena correlacion con la geologia local. El mapa de clasificacion sismica derivado de periodos de sitio fue comparado con el mapa de clasificacion sismica derivado de barrenos geotecnicos. El mapa de clasificacion obtenido de periodos puede sobreestimar un poco algunas clasificaciones del suelo. Sin embargo, este mapa puede proveer un estimado aproximado de la velocidad de onda de corte promedio del suelo hasta una profundidad de 100 pies (30 metros).

  11. When memory becomes heritage: Experiences from Santiago, Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chiara Bianchini, Maria

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available This article explores the relationships between memory politics and urban heritage in the construction of a twenty-first century democratic society. It focuses on the case of Chile and concentrates on three examples of public buildings in the capital city, Santiago. Given what can be considered a difficult heritage –linked to the recent experience of dictatorship and state sponsored violence– these buildings have been in recent years objects of heritage politics, directed to address a public memory related to those events. Based on these case studies, the article critically discusses the materialization of the dominant human rights discourse in the current memory politics affecting Santiago’s urban heritage.Este artículo aborda las relaciones entre políticas de memoria y patrimonio urbano en el proceso de construcción de una sociedad democrática del siglo XXI. El análisis se centra en el caso de Chile y presenta tres ejemplos de edificios públicos de la capital, Santiago. Los tres sitios representan lo que puede considerarse un patrimonio difícil –vinculado a una reciente experiencia de dictadura y violencia de Estado– y, por esta razón, han sido objeto, en años recientes, de políticas patrimoniales dirigidas a gestionar la memoria pública de esos eventos. A través de estos casos, el artículo analiza críticamente la materialización del discurso dominante de los derechos humanos en las actuales políticas de memoria que afectan al patrimonio urbano de Santiago.

  12. Historias e identidades barriales del Gran Santiago: 1950-2000

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisca Márquez B

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available A pesar de la segregación urbana y social que caracteriza a la ciudad de Santiago; en ella coexisten también identidades territoriales fuertes en su propuesta de integración social y urbana. Esta investigación aborda desde la perspectiva de sus habitantes, los procesos de construcción identitaria en ocho barrios de Santiago, desde los años cincuenta en adelante. La conclusión es que, pese a los enormes cambios experimentados en la sociedad y la persistencia de la segregación territorial, los barrios analizados destacan por la fuerza de sus identidades y la capacidad de diálogo con la ciudad. A diferencia de otros territorios, estos nacieron de proyectos identitarios y urbanos sólidos pensados e implementados por un conjunto de actores sociales diversos. Hoy sus habitantes se identifican con el barrio y lo defienden sin aplicar mecanismos de aislamiento, y en este proceso histórico, construyen y reafirman el derecho a la ciudad.I spite of Santiago, Chile's socioeconomic segregation,two territorially based identities also are present within this metropolitan area that offer strong proposals for social and urban integration. This study examines how inhabitants of eight neighborhoods in Santiago have constructed local identities since the 1950s. The study's findings indicate that in spite of the enormous changes experienced by Chilean society during this period and the persistence of socio-spatial segregation, the neighborhoods studied reveal the strength of their identities and their capacity to engage in a dialogue with the city. In contrast to other areas of the city, these communities initially emerged with solid identity and urban projects conceived and implemented by a diverse group of social actors. Today, residents identify with and defend their neighborhoods without relying on mechanisms designed to isolate themselves; and within this historical process, they construct and reaffirm the right to the city.

  13. Rutas literarias en el Camino de Santiago

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Octavio Uña Juarez

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Desde los marcos teóricos de la sociología de la literatura y desde la consideración del lenguaje poético se presenta el Camino de Santiago como una gran realización humana y como una construcción simbólica de la sociedad española y europea desde las profundidades de la Edad Media hasta la tardomodernidad. La vía de Santiago ha sido una metáfora viva del encuentro, un signo vertebrador de la conciencia europea. Unas puntuales consideraciones revisan posiciones de filósofos, teólogos, semiólogos y creadores literarios para presentar la característica específica de la peregrinación jacobea y sus itinerarios: la edificación de un sistema de comunicación con lenguajes propios, un constructo significativo de orden religioso. El viaje así aparece como arte y discurso narrado, recreado por mil ejercicios del lenguaje elaborado y en mil juegos de la memoria hasta constituir una inmensa acumulación de significado y sentido.

  14. Muerte fetal en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza durante el periodo agosto 2003- noviembre 2004.

    OpenAIRE

    MILLA VERA, Luis Miguel; SARAVIA TORRES, Noé; SALVIZ SALHUANA, Manuel; ROJAS JAIMES, José

    2013-01-01

    Objetivos: Identificar las causas de los casos de muerte fetal, así como sus características sociodemográficas, clínicas, patológicas, y la tasa. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. Se buscaron los casos de muerte fetal en el libro de registros del servicio de obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza entre agosto 2003 y noviembre 2004. Se buscaron las historias clínicas e informes anatomopatológicos correspondientes recopilándose los hallazgos. Resultados: Se en...

  15. Effect of Nearby Forest Fires on Ground Level Ozone Concentrations in Santiago, Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María A. Rubio

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available On 4 and 8 January 2014, at the height of the austral summer, intense wildfires in forests and dry pastures occurred in the Melipilla sector, located about 70 km to the southwest of Santiago, the Chilean capital, affecting more than 6 million inhabitants. Low level winds transported the forest fire plume towards Santiago causing a striking decrease in visibility and a marked increase in the concentration of both primary (PM10 and CO and secondary (Ozone pollutants in the urban atmosphere. In particular, ozone maximum concentrations in the Santiago basin reached hourly averages well above 80 ppb, the national air quality standard. This ozone increase took place at the three sampling sites considered in the present study. These large values can be explained in terms of high NOx concentrations and NO2/NO ratios in biomass burning emissions.

  16. Mil rosas roubadas, Work of Silviano Santiago a Bakhitinian Analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata Coelho Marchezan

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available This article analyzes Mil rosas roubadas, written by Silviano Santiago in 2014, dealing with the notions of (autobiography, (autobiographical novel, metafiction and autofiction. Although the creation of this last word may indicate the existence of a new genre – it is even adopted by the writer himself to name his work –, the article shows the pertinence of placing Mil rosas roubadas in the route of the transformations and stylisations of the (autobiographical novel, such as examined by M. Bakhtin. The novel is, for Bakhtin, a genre without rigid forms, an unfinished genre, as it always follows the inflections of social life. In this way the ressemantization of the self, proposed by Silviano Santiago, is analyzed.

  17. CLIMATERIO Y POSTMENOPAUSIA: ASPECTOS EDUCATIVOS A CONSIDERAR SEGUN LA ETAPA DEL PERIODO

    OpenAIRE

    ARAYA GUTIERREZ,ALEJANDRA; URRUTIA SOTO,MARIA TERESA; CABIESES VALDES,BALTICA

    2006-01-01

    El periodo del climaterio es una etapa de transición en la vida de la mujer caracterizada por cambios físicos, psicológicos y sociales. Es una etapa dinámica marcada por la repercusión de los cambios hormonales, principalmente por la paulatina disminución de los estrógenos. La presente revisión bibliográfica describe las características generales del periodo, cambios que ocurren y aspectos a educar en las mujeres durante el climaterio y la postmenopausia, con el propósito de dar una visión ac...

  18. Santiago Pérez Triana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Elías Ortíz

    1958-09-01

    Full Text Available El nombre de Santiago Pérez Triana, aunque suena en el ambiente colombiano, algunas veces confundido con el de su ilustre padre, como el de un escritor notable y hasta como un orador de fama internacional, no se lo conoce, a nuestro juicio, en todo lo que vale y pesa, no digamos en el dominio de las letras castellanas, pero ni siquiera en su propia patria de origen, excepto en pequeño círculo intelectuales capacitado para valorar a conciencia los quilates de pensador de este hombre prodigioso que paseó su inteligencia sobre temas, diversos , con capacidad múltiple, e ilustración inagotable.

  19. Vialidad, Transporte y Planeamiento urbano-regional en Santiago de Chile, 1950-1979

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    María Isabel Pávez Reyes

    2007-04-01

    The thesis describes and interprets the work of Road Network and Transport 1950–1979 - in the frame of 50 years of the Planning State (1929-1979- in its capacity to contribute both to order the territory of the Inter communal and the region of Santiago, as well as the Interregion formed by Valparaíso-Santiago (Chile, and Mendoza (Argentina with a time horizon to the year 2000, contributing in this way to the discussion about the value of this experience of the Planning State of Chile. The hypothesis state: • That the preparation of the modern concepts of Roar Network and Transport had arisen from the group of Chilean architects devoted to Urban and Regional planning, which were thoughtful and critical with respect to part of the doctrines of the Modern Movement, and considered the road networks as the starting point for the territorial ordering relating the technical possibilities with the service of the Chilean urban regions. • That the work 1950-1979 in Road Network and Transport had been coherent with the coordinated growing forms proposed for the metropolis of Santiago in the inter-commune and in the region by the Urban and Regional Vialidad y Transporte en la Metrópolis de Santiago - nº 51 - marzo / abril 2007 5 Planning 1950-1979, becoming a structuring system properly connected to the national territory, and that would allow the access to the new human settlements metropolitan equipment prepared in the urban and regional territory, contributing to configure a modern urban region since it considered all its aspects as an “interior” from the point of view of sustainability and duration as a whole. • That the concept behind the work 1950-1979, had foreseen its projection on a central macro region of Chile, for being immersed in a bi national economy of three nucleuses, that considered Santiago, Valparaíso and Mendoza, the later in Argentina, which has the Corredor Transandino Central Valparaíso-Buenos Aires as the fundamental axle. • And that

  20. Estudio del campo ocupacional del traductor en Santiago de Chile (A Study of Opportunities for Professional Translators in Santiago, Chile).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cabrera, Ileana; And Others

    A study of translation as a profession in Chile covered two areas: a diagnostic study of the real need for literary, scientific, and technical translations, and a followup study of graduates of the translation degree program at the Catholic Pontifical University of Chile (Santiago). The analysis considered the relationship between the need for…

  1. Santiago, four Decades and a Half from the University of East

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    Reynier Rodríguez-Pérez

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available The text introduces the Taller Literario and the Revista de la Universidad de Oriente as direct antecedent of the Santiago magazine, in that sense it places the magazine in the center of an editorial process generated by the university after the addition to the institution of Nils Castro, a professor from Panama. The text also values the circumstances of the period were the Santiago magazine abandons it printed format and projects the way followed by the institution in the next years. In adittion, the review celebrates the role of the editor of scientific magazines in the communication of science and technological innovation results of universities.

  2. El Parque Portal Bicentenario en Santiago de Chile / Portal Bicentennial Park in Santiago de Chile

    OpenAIRE

    Beach Lobos, Myriam;; Montealegre Klenner, Alberto

    2007-01-01

    Se presenta los principios que orientaron el diseño del Parque Portal Bicentenario, un parque de 50 hás. que será el eje principal de la nueva urbanización “Ciudad Parque Bicentenario”, actualmente en construcción en los terrenos del ex aeropuerto de Los Cerrillos en Santiago de Chile.The following text was submitted to the Architecture Competition together with the project drawings. It presents the principles that leaded the design. The 123 acres park will be the main axis of a new urban dev...

  3. El control de inventario físico de bienes muebles y su incidencia en la conciliación patrimonial con los estados financieros en la Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, periodo 2015.

    OpenAIRE

    Minaya Santos, Armando Félix

    2017-01-01

    El propósito de la presente investigación fue determinar la incidencia del control de inventario físico de bienes muebles en la conciliación patrimonial con los estados financieros en la Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo 2015. Investigación de tipo aplicado, diseño no experimental, transversal. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por servidores administrativos profesionales y técnicos que laboran en los sistemas presupuesto, abastecimiento, contabilidad y...

  4. El turismo cultural como factor estratégico de desarrollo: el Camino de Santiago

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    Precedo Ledo, Andrés

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this investigation is to study one of the strategies of territorial marketing of greater success: the promotion of the Way of Santiago and the mark of the Xacobeo. The approach of the study attack from the perspective of its contribution to the territorial, as much rural development (the Galician section of the Way like urban (the city of Santiago de Compostela. The departure hypothesis is that, in both cases, the cultural tourism has worked like a complementary factor of development being necessary to insert it in a model of integrated development to optimize its potential of share capital.

    El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar una de las estrategias de marketing territorial de mayor éxito: la promoción del Camino de Santiago y la marca del Xacobeo. El enfoque del estudio se aborda desde la perspectiva de su contribución al desarrollo territorial, tanto rural (el tramo gallego del Camino como urbano (la ciudad de Santiago de Compostela. La hipótesis de partida es que, en ambos casos, el turismo cultural ha funcionado como un factor complementario de desarrollo siendo necesario insertarlo en un modelo de desarrollo integrado para optimizar su potencial de capital social.

  5. Analyzing the cost effectiveness of Santiago, Chile's policy of using urban forests to improve air quality

    Science.gov (United States)

    Francisco J. Escobedo; John E. Wagner; David J. Nowak; Carmen Luz De la Maza; Manuel Rodriguez; Daniel E. Crane

    2008-01-01

    Santiago, Chile has the distinction of having among the worst urban air pollution problems in Latin America. As part of an atmospheric pollution reduction plan, the Santiago Regional Metropolitan government defined an environmental policy goal of using urban forests to remove particulate matter less than 10 µm (PM10) in the Gran...

  6. What induced China's energy intensity to fluctuate: 1997-2006?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liao, Hua; Fan, Ying; Wei, Yi-Ming

    2007-01-01

    China is the second largest energy consumer in the world. During 1997-2002, China's energy intensity declined by 33%. However, it rose by 10.7% over 2003-2005, and declined by 1.2% in 2006. What induced China's energy intensity to fluctuate so drastically? Industry accounts for approximately 70% of the total energy consumption in China. In this paper, we decompose China's industrial energy intensity changes between 1997 and 2002 into sectoral structural effects and efficiency effects (measured by sectoral energy intensities at two-digit level and including the shifts of product mix in the sub-sector or firm level), using Toernqvist and Sato-Vartia Index methods. The results show that in this period, efficiency effects possibly contributed to a majority of the decline, while the contribution from structural effects was less. During 2003-2005, the excessive expansion of high-energy consuming sub-sectors and the high investment ratio were foremost sources of the increasing energy intensity. Attributed to the government efforts, the energy intensity has started to decline slightly since July 2006. In future, to save more energy, in addition to technical progress, China should attach more importance to optimizing its sectoral structure, and lowering its investment ratio

  7. “Corte Transversal”: una mega escultura entre el río Mapocho y la autopista Costanera Norte en Santiago de Chile/ “Corte Transversal”: a mega sculpture between the Mapocho River and the Costanera Norte toll road in Santiago de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Revista de Urbanismo, Departamento de Urbanismo de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Chile. (Reportaje de M.I.PavezR.- M.P.Henríquez.O

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available “Corte Transversal”: una mega escultura entre el río Mapocho y la autopista Costanera Norte en Santiago de Chile/“Corte Transversal”: a mega sculpture between the Mapocho River and the Costanera Norte toll road in Santiago de Chile

  8. Thaksinomics: A New Asian Paradigm; Strategic Insights: v.2, issue 12 (December 2003)

    OpenAIRE

    Looney, Robert

    2003-01-01

    This article appeared in Strategic Insights (December 2003), v.2 no.12 Prior to the Asian Economic Crisis sparked by the collapse of the Thai baht in 1997, Southeast Asia looked like a sure bet for a long period of high sustained economic growth. As a region, Southeast Asia's economies are the most open to international trade. While such openness spurred their growth for several decades, in the post 1997 period it has left them increasingly vulnerable to adverse economic and political sh...

  9. Alquimia, Química y Filosofía Alquímica en la obra del extremeño Diego de Santiago

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    Teixidó Gómez, Francisco

    1998-06-01

    Full Text Available In this work a study is made on the work Arte separatoria by Diego de Santiago, royal distiller at Felipe II court. The study proves his ability as an investigator and his thorough knowledge on the elaboration of materials and the remedies to heal diseases, undoubtedly under the influence of Paracelso. It is pointed out that De Santiago defends romance language versus latin in order to spread his achievements.

    En este trabajo se hace un estudio sobre la obra Arte separatoria de Diego de Santiago, destilador real en la corte de Felipe II El estudio pone de manifiesto la actividad investigadora de Santiago, así como el conocimiento detallado que tiene sobre la elaboración de los materiales y los remedios para sanar las distintas enfermedades, sin duda bajo la influencia de Paracelso. Se hacer notar que De Santiago defiende la lengua vulgar, frente al latín, para difundir sus conocimientos.

  10. Application of Time-Domain Electromagnetic Method in Investigating Saltwater Intrusion of Santiago Island (Cape Verde)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gonçalves, Rui; Farzamian, Mohammad; Monteiro Santos, Fernando A.; Represas, Patrícia; Mota Gomes, A.; Lobo de Pina, A. F.; Almeida, Eugénio P.

    2017-11-01

    Santiago Island, the biggest and most populated island of the Cape Verde Republic, is characterised by limited surface waters and strong dependence on groundwater sources as the primary source of natural water supply for extensive agricultural activity and human use. However, as a consequence of the scarce precipitation and high evaporation as well as the intense overexploitation of the groundwater resources, the freshwater management is also in a delicate balance with saltwater at coastal areas. The time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) method is used to locate the extent of saltwater intrusion in four important agricultural regions in Santiago Island; São Domingos, Santa Cruz, São Miguel, and Tarrafal. The application of this method in Santiago Island proves it to be a successful tool in imaging the fresh/saltwater interface location. Depths to the saline zones and extensions of saline water are mapped along eight TDEM profiles.

  11. Estudio bibliométrico de la producción científica de los docentes investigadores del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Periodo 1997 – 2011

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    Miguel Torales Cabañas

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available La bibliometría se refiere a la cuantificación y evaluación de la producción científica de un país, una institución, o de un autor. Son pocos los estudios bibliométricos de los investigadores paraguayos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la producción científica de los investigadores del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud desde 1.997 al 2.011. El estudio fue de carácter retrospectivo, con un diseño observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. Se realizó una exhaustiva búsqueda de las publicaciones de los investigadores del IICS, tomando como punto de partida un artículo publicado en la revista “Memorias del IICS” en el 2.011, que lista los artículos publicados por los investigadores del IICS, que fue verificado y ampliado en las bases de datos de SciELO Paraguay, PubMeb, Lilacs y la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BIREME. En el periodo estudiado, fueron identificados 276 artículos científicos publicados por investigadores del IICS con una mediana de 5 autores en las revistas nacionales y 8 en las internacionales. El año con mayor producción fue el 2.009 con 30 (10,9% artículos publicados, y el año 2.000 con el menor número (n=4. Con respecto a los tipos de artículos, 225 fueron originales y 180 en el idioma español. Entre las revistas nacionales la más utilizada fue “Memorias del IICS”, y entre las internacionales se destaca publicaciones en revistas con elevado factor de impacto como PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. Los indicadores muestran que la producción del IICS sigue una línea de tendencia creciente en los últimos años.

  12. Surveillance System for Infectious Diseases of Pets, Santiago, Chile

    Science.gov (United States)

    López, Javier; Abarca, Katia; Valenzuela, Berta; Lorca, Lilia; Olea, Andrea; Aguilera, Ximena

    2009-01-01

    Pet diseases may pose risks to human health but are rarely included in surveillance systems. A pilot surveillance system of pet infectious diseases in Santiago, Chile, found that 4 canine and 3 feline diseases accounted for 90.1% and 98.4% of notifications, respectively. Data also suggested association between poverty and pet diseases. PMID:19861073

  13. Evolución de la renta, empleo y sueldos en propiedades rurales que ofrecen Agroturismo y Turismo rural en la Mitad Sur de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (1997 - 2011

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eurico de Oliveira Santos

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Se analizó la proporción de renta proveniente de la actividad turística, la oferta de empleos fijos y temporales y la evolución de los sueldos en propiedades rurales ubicadas en la mitad sur de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, que ofrecen servicios turísticos. Se entrevistó a los propietarios de las fincas en 1997, 2002, 2006 y 2011. En el primer acercamiento se identificaron 9 fincas activas, número que creció a 33 en 2002, a 38 en 2006 y a 37en 2011. Se definió al agroturismo como aquel en que la principal fuente de ingreso de las propiedades proviene de la actividad primaria, mientras que el turismo rural la renta principal proviene del sector terciario. El ingreso proveniente de la agricultura tuvoun aumento importante en el periodo de 1997-2002, seguido de una disminución en el periodo 2002-2006 en las fincas que ofrecen agroturismo, mientras que en las fincas que ofrecen turismo rural el ingreso proveniente de los servicios creció hasta el 89,2%. En 2011, la actividad primaria ha aumentado tanto en agroturismo cuanto en turismo rural, ya en la actividad terciaria hubo disminución. El número de empleos generados por finca se mantuvo estable en el primer periodo, pero sufrió una disminución en el segundo, lo que promedió 6.4 por finca, disminuyó también en 2011, llegando al 5,8%. Los sueldos deflactados no tuvieron evolución favorable y se encuentran lejos del sueldo mínimo necesario. El enfoque longitudinal ha resultado útil para evaluar la evolución económica de la actividad turística en la región.

  14. Santiago de Chile, ¿ejemplo de una reestructuración capitalista global?

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    Luis Fuentes

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Términos como "ciudad global", "ciudad difusa", "ciudad dual", entre otros, merecen ser rediscutidos y contrastados con el proceso de transformaciones experimentado por Santiago de Chile producto de la reestructuración capitalista. En este sentido, este trabajo pretende discutir acerca de la conveniencia de otorgar a la capital de Chile éstos y otros adjetivos frecuentemente utilizados en la literatura urbanística internacional.Terms like "global city", "diffuse city", "dual city", among others, deserve to be discussed and contrasted with urban processes that are been taking part in Santiago de Chile in the last decades. This article attempts to discuss the convenience of grant to Chile’s capital city these and others adjectives, commonly used in the urban literature

  15. Modelo de elección discreta de la demanda de transporte urbano para quito y Guayaquil, 2003 – 2004

    OpenAIRE

    Campos M., Daisy; Suri V, Vanessa; Intriago Ruiz, Xavier

    2009-01-01

    El mercado de transportación urbana, ha sido analizado desde la demanda como una elección entre alternativas que deben ser rivales entre tipo publico y privado. Desarrollamos un modelo probit de elección binomial de McFadden. Para el desarrollo de este estudio se utilizara información de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares Urbanos (ENIGHU), elaborados por el INEC para el periodo de febrero del 2003 hasta enero del 2004, con una muestra de 5.283 hogares, realizada para Q...

  16. Los cabildos catedralicios de Santiago y Orense en el reinado de Felipe V: algunos resultados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María SEIJAS MONTERO

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los primeros resultados del estudio realizado sobre los cabildos catedralicios de Santiago y Orense durante el reinado de Felipe V. El objetivo fundamental se centra en dar a conocer la estructuración del personal de las catedrales, es decir, el número y ocupaciones de los capitulares, su procedencia geográfica para el caso compostelano, las relaciones de parentesco y la interrelación de sus miembros con los gobiernos locales de Santiago y Orense.

  17. An approximation to family violence measurement in Santiago of Cali, 2003-2005

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    Yamileth Ortíz

    2007-01-01

    Objetive. La ciudad debería invertir en abordar la convivencia apuntando a identificar y potenciar los recursos que tienen las familias para mejorar la calidad de sus relaciones poniendo el acento en fortalecer las habilidades y desarrollar potencialidades de los integrantes. Materials and methods. We carried out a descriptive study using the data of the Observatory of relative’s Violence among the year 2003 at 2005. It was carried out analysis for multiple answer, they conformed to two analysis groups: children and girls smaller than 10 years, women and men bigger than 9 years. Results: It was a bigger report of cases in the year 2005. In the children, the group of 5 to 9 years reported the biggest number of cases, 35,3% for physical abuse, the parents were the biggest victimarios. 31,5% of the women reported physical abuse, the spouses were the main aggressors. In the men it was bigger report among 10 at 14 and 15 to 29 years, the physical abuse was exercised in 27,9% by mothers and 18,2% for the parents. Conclusions. The obtained data went similar to the found in other studies with other methodologies. It is required to qualify the problem study to strengthen the information of the observatory of family violence in the city.

  18. EL AHORRO DE LOS HOGARES EN COLOMBIA

    OpenAIRE

    Ligia Melo B.; Héctor Zárate S.; Juana Tellez C.

    2006-01-01

    En este documento se presenta un análisis del comportamiento del ahorro de los hogares y sus determinantes, considerando una perspectiva de largo plazo para el periodo 1950-2004 y una de corto plazo a nivel microeconómico, utilizando la información de las encuestas de calidad de vida de 1997 y 2003. A nivel agregado, con base en un análisis de cointegración se encontró una relación de largo plazo entre la tasa de ahorro de los hogares, el PIB per-cápita, los impuestos directos y una medida de...

  19. Reacciones adversas graves y mortales a los antimicrobianos. Sistema Cubano de Farmacovigilancia, 2003-2012

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    Ismary Alfonso Orta

    Full Text Available Introducción: las reacciones adversas a los antimicrobianos ocasionan más de 142 000 visitas a las salas de urgencias hospitalarias por año en los Estados Unidos. En Cuba han ocupado el primer lugar en el reporte, por ejemplo, en el año 2008 representaron el 31,4 % del total de las reacciones adversas graves y el 25 % de las reacciones adversas mortales. Objetivo: caracterizar las reacciones adversas graves y mortales a los antimicrobianos notificadas a la Unidad Nacional Coordinadora de Farmacovigilancia, durante el periodo 2003-2012. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de farmacovigilancia, observacional, descriptivo y transversal, utilizando la base de datos nacional de farmacovigilancia durante el periodo 2003-2012. Se trabajó con el total de reportes de reacciones adversas graves y mortales a los antimicrobianos. Las reacciones adversas se clasificaron según tipo de reacción, sistema de órgano afectado, imputabilidad y frecuencia. Se identificaron los principales antimicrobianos sospechosos y se estudiaron los pacientes que presentaron reacciones adversas según sexo y edad. Resultados: se detectaron 631 sospechas de reacciones adversas graves y mortales a los antimicrobianos, de ellas fueron 550 graves y 81 mortales. Predominaron el sexo femenino con 60,1 % y 405 adultos. Las reacciones adversas comprometieron los sistemas: general (30,4 %, respiratorio (25,2 % y cardiovascular (14,9 %. El shock anafiláctico fue la reacción más reportada y la penicilina el fármaco más relacionado con esta. El 73,5 % fueron probables y el 58,9 % ocasionales. Conclusiones: las reacciones adversas graves y mortales predominaron en el sexo femenino y en los adultos. La penicilina fue el fármaco más relacionado. Las reacciones adversas probables y ocasionales fueron la mayoría en el estudio.

  20. PIB y población desde el periodo tardo colonial hasta 2014: el caso venezolano

    OpenAIRE

    Giuseppe Bernardo De Corso Sicilia

    2018-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo es múltiple, en primer lugar, propone una serie de población de Venezuela de 1783 a 2015, empleando nuevas estimaciones para el periodo colonial, guerra de independencia e información del censo de 2011, también, se incluye un primer análisis acerca del impacto demográfico de las inmigraciones en el crecimiento de la población en el siglo xx. Por otra parte, se presenta una serie del pib para el periodo 1783-1829. Con la nueva serie de población y del pib se obtiene...

  1. Creating Three New Bike Tours in Santiago de Chile Case Study: Huaso Tours & Bike Rental

    OpenAIRE

    Heino, Jenni

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of this Bachelor´s thesis was to create new bike tour services for the thesis case company Huaso Tours & Bike Rental, based in Santiago de Chile. The idea for the thesis was perceived from a free time activity of mountain biking in Santiago de Chile´s popular tourist attraction San Cristobal hill. This park draws thousands of bikers monthly to enjoy the green areas of the city, however, there is no mountain bike service offered to visit this hill. By conducting a small pre-researc...

  2. Thermal and lighting perception in four fully glazed office buildings in Santiago, Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudio Vásquez

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Corresponding author: Claudio Vásquez, School of Architecture, Catholic University of Chile. 1916 El Comendador str. Providencia, Santiago, ZIP: 7530091, Chile. Tel.: +56 9 92826305; E-mail: clvasque@uc.cl This paper is part of a general research project whose main objective is to establish a baseline for post-occupancy energy consumption and indoor environmental quality for office buildings in Santiago, Chile. This study aims at understanding how architectonical variables relate to, and can even determine, user comfort perception. Thus, one-year continuous monitoring in several floors at four office buildings was performed and seasonal surveys were completed. Survey participants were asked a series of questions regarding spatial orientation and comfort perception in their workspace. The data from the comfort survey and onsite measurements such as season of the year, case study, type of workspace and possibility of an outdoor view from the workstation were contrasted with the components obtained by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA. Three components were selected from the PCA, and three Maps of Perception (MP were produced. These maps were then analyzed and interpreted so as to obtain information on the general perception of thermal and lighting comfort at workspaces within several office buildings in Santiago.

  3. The Telephony in the City of Santiago of Cuba (1893 - 1959

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    Maithe Sánchez-Garrido

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available In spite of the substantial advantages which it specifically contributed the restoration of the telephone in Cuba and in the oriental locality, like an element of modernity that contributed to improve the form of life of the population, as well as the quality of mass media, the subject from its arrival to Santiago of Cuba is very little disclosed and/or not known, to grief that with the triumph of the Cuban Revolution considerably spread the use of the same one and some writings were published on the matter. The present research shows an analysis of the historical evolution of the telephony in the Island, but having like attention center the city of Santiago of Cuba. For it the antecedents of this phenomenon consider, the political, economic-social and cultural circumstances that influenced in their evolution and development, as well as their within the framework local incidence.

  4. Tendencias de mortalidad por traumatismos y envenenamientos en adolescentes: México, 1979-1997 Adolescent injury and poisoning mortality trends: Mexico, 1979-1997

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfredo Celis

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Describir las causas externas de la mortalidad por traumatismos y envenenamientos, así como la tendencia que estas causas han mostrado entre adolescentes en México, de 1979 a 1997. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Para la realización de este estudio descriptivo de la mortalidad se utilizaron las bases de datos de mortalidad registrada en México de 1979 a 1997. Los datos son recabados, codificados y capturados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática, y se obtuvieron a través del Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Los datos fueron tabulados durante el último semestre de 2000, en Jalisco, en la Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud del Adolescente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. RESULTADOS: Los traumatismos y envenenamientos ocuparon el primer lugar en la mortalidad del grupo adolescente (tasa de 13.35/100 000 con una tendencia descendente de -41.4% durante el periodo 1979-1997, no obstante el incremento de homicidios y suicidios (9.5% y 104.0% respectivamente. Los mecanismos más frecuentes fueron los vehículos de tráfico de motor, las armas de fuego, las intoxicaciones, las sofocaciones y las asfixias por inmersión. CONCLUSIONES: Los traumatismos y envenenamientos que experimenta la población de países en desarrollo muestran frecuencias diferentes a lo registrado en los más desarrollados, haciendo necesario el estudio de los mismos para implantar las medidas preventivas acordes con las condiciones socioculturales y ambientales de cada entorno.OBJECTIVE: To describe the external causes of death and mortality trends due to injuries and poisoning in Mexican adolescents, from 1979 to 1997. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a descriptive study of deaths occurring in Mexico from 1979 to 1997. Data were abstracted, coded, and entered in electronic format, by Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (National Institute of Statistics, Geography, and Informatics

  5. Source apportionment of ambient PM2.5 in Santiago, Chile: 1999 and 2004 results.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jorquera, Héctor; Barraza, Francisco

    2012-10-01

    A receptor model analysis has been applied to ambient PM(2.5) measurements taken at Santiago, Chile (33.5°S, 70.7°W) in 2004 (117 samples) and in 1999 (95 samples) on a receptor site on the eastern side of the city. For both campaigns, six sources have been identified at Santiago and their contributions in 1999/2004 are: motor vehicles: 28 ± 2.5/31.2 ± 3.4%, wood burning: 24.8 ± 2.3/28.9 ± 3.3%, sulfates: 18.8 ± 1.7/16.2 ± 2.5%, marine aerosol: 13 ± 2.1/9.9 ± 1.5%, copper smelters: 11.5 ± 1.4/9.7 ± 3.3% and soil dust: 3.9 ± 1.5/4.0 ± 2.4%. Hence relative contributions are statistically the same but the absolute contributions have been reduced because ambient PM(2.5) has decreased from 34.2 to 25.1 μg/m(3) between 1999 and 2004 at Santiago. Similarity of results for both data sets - analyzed with different techniques at different laboratory facilities - shows that the analysis performed here is robust. Source identification was carried out by inspection of key species in source profiles, seasonality of source contributions, comparison with published source profiles and by looking at wind trajectories computed using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) from USA's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); for the wood burning sources the MODIS burned area daily product was used to confirm wildfire events along the year. Using this combined methodology we have shown conclusively that: a) marine air masses do reach Santiago's basin in significant amounts but combined with anthropogenic sources; b) all copper smelters surrounding Santiago - and perhaps coal-fired power plants as well - contribute to ambient PM(2.5); c) wood burning is the second largest source, coming from residential wood burning in fall and winter and from regional wildfires in spring and summer. The results of the present analysis can be used to improve emission inventories, air quality forecasting systems and cost-benefit analyses at local

  6. Pushing the boundaries of accessibility – Governmental efforts on ensuring equal access to information to rural library users (1997–2007

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    Máté Tóth

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available In 1997 a new Cultural Act was enacted which included, among other things, public library provision. Based on this act the Hungarian library system has been developed systematically through the consecutive strategic plans (Skaliczki, 1999. All projects aimed to push the boundaries of accessibility and to facilitate the realisation of the information society (Caidi, 2006. The 2003-2007 strategic period draws to an end and now we are able to review the tasks accomplished. (Skaliczki, 2003; 2006. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the strategic development of Hungarian libraries between 1997 and 2007, and to draw up the basic figures regarding to this period. (http://www.ki.oszk.hu/statisztika.html

  7. Immigration, Galician and Santiago de Cuba: a Vision from the Notarial Protocols (1850-1898

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    Mónica García-Salgado

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available The present research intends to approach the topic of the Galician presence in the jurisdiction of Santiago de Cuba, declared as such from the year 1847. It includes a balance on the factors of attraction and repulsion that facilitate the Galician immigrant's establishment in Cuba and Santiago de Cuba in the period 1850-1898, as well as characteristic some of their main ones. The study has been carried out starting from the information that offers the Notarial Protocols among those that Manuel Caminero´s Clerkships, Heraclio García, José Knot, the Real one Public of Government and of Guerra, and those of Caney and Copper.

  8. Receita pública e bem-estar social nos municípios mineiros emancipados no período de 1988 a 1997 Hacienda pública y bien estar social en los municipios de minas gerais emancipados en el periodo de 1988 a 1997 Revenue and social welfare in the emancipated municipalitiesof minas gerais during the periods of 1988 to 1997

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    Paulo Ricardo da Costa Reis

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available O movimento de descentralizações política, administrativa e fiscal intensificado a partir de 1988 tinha como objetivo promover a transferência de poder, recursos e atribuições para os governos locais. Além disso, esse fenômeno impulsionou o processo de emancipação municipal com o intuito de aproximar o poder público da sociedade, promovendo a melhoria da prestação de serviços. Este estudo apresenta a análise das receitas públicas e do bem-estar social dos municípios mineiros emancipados no período de 1988 a 1997. Para tanto, utilizaram-se testes de médias no intuito de comparar o desempenho dos municípios emancipados com o desempenho de seus municípios de origem. Como conclusão, verificou-se que os novos municípios são beneficiados com as transferências governamentais e possuem a mesma capacidade de arrecadação tributária dos seus municípios de origem. Não obstante, isso não permitiu que os citados municípios apresentassem nível de bem-estar superior em relação aos municípios de origem, assim como maior eficiência na gestão desses recursos, uma vez que estão mais próximos dos usuários.El proceso de descentralización política, administrativa y fiscal intensificado a partir de 1988 tenía como objetivo promover la transferencia de poder, recursos y atribuciones para los gobiernos locales. Además, ese proceso ha impulsado el proceso de emancipación municipal de prestación de servicios. Este estudio presenta el análisis de las haciendas públicas y del bien estar social de los municipios de Minas Gerais emancipados en el periodo de 1988 a 1997. Para tanto, se han utilizado testes de medias con el objetivo de comparar el desempeño de los municipios emancipados con el desempeño de sus municipios de origen. Como conclusión, se ha verificado que los nuevos municipios son beneficiados con las transferencias gubernamentales y poseen la misma capacidad de recaudación tributaria de sus municipios de origen

  9. Prevalencia de malnutrición según grupos de edad en diferentes comunidades de Costa Rica entre 1997 y 2014

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    Anne Chinnock

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de problemas en el estado nutricional de los miembros de la familia, según grupos de edad en diferentes comunidades de Costa Rica entre 1997 y 2014. Métodos: se realizó un análisis de información recolectada por estudiantes de la Escuela de Nutrición de la Universidad de Costa Rica entre 1997 y 2014. De las familias seleccionadas en cada comunidad, se tomaron los datos de peso y talla de todos los miembros. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron los estándares de crecimiento y puntos de corte recomendados por la Organización Mundial de Salud. Resultados: se presenta la información de 25 encuestas realizadas durante un periodo de 17 años. Con el paso de los años, se observa en los grupos de menor de edad (< 20 años una reducción en los problemas de déficit en peso y talla, y un aumento en porcentaje de individuos con exceso o riesgo de exceso de peso. En la población de adultos, se observa el mismo fenómeno de aumento en exceso de peso; y en las personas adultos mayores, una disminución en el porcentaje con déficit de peso. Discusión: se compara la información presentada con otras publicaciones que reportan resultados similares y se comenta sobre las causas y consecuencias del problema de exceso de peso. Conclusión: durante el periodo, se encontró una reducción en la prevalencia de déficit en peso y talla en los grupos de menor de edad; y, en peso en personas adultos mayores; además, un aumento en la prevalencia de exceso de peso en todos los grupos de edad.

  10. Santiago, una ciudad con temor

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    Enrique Oviedo S.

    1999-04-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo general de este artículo es evaluar los efectos de la inseguridad ciudadana en el uso del espacio público. Dicha evaluación exige analizar dos relaciones que se establecen en el ámbito de la violencia: la relación entre victimización y percepción de inseguridad; y la que se establece entre actitudes sociales y resolución pacífica de conflictos nacionales. Para ello, se analizaron las variables victimización, percepción de inseguridad, uso del espacio físico, actitudes hacia el sistema institucional político y social y hacia la resolución de conflictos nacionales, y las posibles relaciones entre ellas. Los datos para realizar el estudio se obtuvieron por medio de una encuesta que se llevó a cabo con 1 200 personas de 18 y 70 años de edad residentes en la ciudad de Santiago. Los resultados indican que Santiago es una ciudad de habitantes con temor y que el aumento de la percepción de inseguridad de sus habitantes contrasta con el hecho de que las tasas de victimización se hayan mantenido, más o menos, constantes en los años que precedieron a la encuesta. El temor se relaciona con el abandono del espacio público físico y sociopolítico, así como con el refugio en los espacios y la vida privados. La actitud de resolver los conflictos por medios no pacíficos es frecuente y se asocia en mayor medida con la inseguridad, la actitud negativa hacia la democracia y la falta de expectativas sobre el futuro del país. Los resultados de este estudio respaldan la idea de que para superar el temor la gente tiende a adaptarse a la realidad adoptando una postura conformista, homogeneizando las creencias y los comportamientos, y sobreestimando la fuerza como medio para resolver las diferencias.

  11. Santiago, una ciudad con temor

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    Oviedo S. Enrique

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo general de este artículo es evaluar los efectos de la inseguridad ciudadana en el uso del espacio público. Dicha evaluación exige analizar dos relaciones que se establecen en el ámbito de la violencia: la relación entre victimización y percepción de inseguridad; y la que se establece entre actitudes sociales y resolución pacífica de conflictos nacionales. Para ello, se analizaron las variables victimización, percepción de inseguridad, uso del espacio físico, actitudes hacia el sistema institucional político y social y hacia la resolución de conflictos nacionales, y las posibles relaciones entre ellas. Los datos para realizar el estudio se obtuvieron por medio de una encuesta que se llevó a cabo con 1 200 personas de 18 y 70 años de edad residentes en la ciudad de Santiago. Los resultados indican que Santiago es una ciudad de habitantes con temor y que el aumento de la percepción de inseguridad de sus habitantes contrasta con el hecho de que las tasas de victimización se hayan mantenido, más o menos, constantes en los años que precedieron a la encuesta. El temor se relaciona con el abandono del espacio público físico y sociopolítico, así como con el refugio en los espacios y la vida privados. La actitud de resolver los conflictos por medios no pacíficos es frecuente y se asocia en mayor medida con la inseguridad, la actitud negativa hacia la democracia y la falta de expectativas sobre el futuro del país. Los resultados de este estudio respaldan la idea de que para superar el temor la gente tiende a adaptarse a la realidad adoptando una postura conformista, homogeneizando las creencias y los comportamientos, y sobreestimando la fuerza como medio para resolver las diferencias.

  12. Análisis Comparativo de Datos de Desempleo en los Años 2001 y 2003: Aplicación de un Modelo Loglineal

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    Mª Carmen Sánchez Sellero

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo se inicia haciendo un breve resumen de las cifras publicadas por el INE en lo que se refiere a la Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA correspondiente al primer trimestre de 2001 y al primer trimestre de 2003, con la finalidad de poder encuadrar mejor el estudio de los datos de desempleo que se desarrollará a continuación. Posteriormente, utilizamos una tabla de múltiple entrada cuya fuente es la EPA (primer trimestre de 2001 y de 2003; las variables analizadas son tiempo de búsqueda de empleo, sexo y sector económico; el objetivo es encontrar posibles relaciones entre estas variables, utilizando para ello un modelo loglineal y realizando la comparativa de los resultados obtenidos en ambos periodos.

  13. La Victoria de Pedro Aguirre Cerda: ideas para una renovación urbana sin gentrificación para Santiago./ La Victoria of Pedro Aguirre Cerda: ideas for an urban renewal without gentrification in Santiago.

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    Ernesto López

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available El modelo de renovación urbana en altura de Santiago, en expansión hacia áreas populares del pericentro, es una forma de acumulación de renta de suelo, con efectos de desplazamiento social, es decir, gentrificación. Sin embargo, el pericentro de Santiago es un espacio donde coexisten amplias necesidades y capacidades de densificación urbana sin desplazamiento. Tomando como caso de estudio el desarrollo urbano histórico y actual de la población La Victoria, en Pedro Aguirre Cerda (PAC, se plantea una investigación enfocada en dos perspectivas: histórica, definiendo este espacio desde la dialéctica entre movimientos sociales urbanos y producción espacial específica; y normativa, como una propuesta espacial que combina aspectos claves de mejoramiento barrial y densificación inclusiva y autosustentable. Se evidencia de esta forma la alta complejidad espacial del pericentro de Santiago de Chile, así como la existencia de alternativas de renovación residencial pericentral que sean social y políticamente inclusivas y de bajo impacto en términos de expulsión./ The model of high-rise urban renewal sprawls towards Santiago de Chile’s inner city. This model can be understood as a form of gentrification based on considerable accumulation of the rent gap, while its externalities generate social displacement and physical dilapidation. Notwithstanding, Santiago’s inner city is also a lived space where both needs and capacities of urban regeneration (without displacement coexist. Focusing on the case of La Victoria población, located in the southern municipality of Pedro Aguirre Cerda (PAC, this article seeks to address the following two topics: historically, the inner city responds to a dialectic of urban social movements and specific spatial production; normatively, as an ongoing research project shows, it is feasible to combine neighbourhood regeneration, urban density increase, and citizen participation. The article substantiates the

  14. Factores asociados a satisfacción vital en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago, Chile Factors associated with life satisfaction in a cohort of older people in Santiago, Chile

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    Álvaro Castillo-Carniglia

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre satisfacción vital con el nivel socioeconómico y el autorreporte del estado de salud en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago de Chile en los años 2005 y 2006. Métodos: Estudio transversal que incluyó 2002 sujetos entre 65 y 67,9 años de edad, registrados en 20 centros de salud primaria del Gran Santiago, autovalentes, sin deterioro cognitivo, sospecha de cáncer ni enfermedad terminal. Se evaluó la satisfacción vital mediante la adaptación abreviada de una escala de satisfacción con la vida (de 0 a 11, además de los ingresos económicos, el nivel de educación, el apoyo social y autorreporte del estado de salud y la memoria. Se utilizó un modelo log-binomial para analizar la asociación entre las variables evaluadas y los extremos del puntaje de satisfacción vital (cuartil 4 frente a 1. Resultados: Se observó una asociación significativa (análisis bivariado y multivariado entre satisfacción vital e ingresos económicos en los hombres, y en ambos sexos con el apoyo social, el autorreporte de salud, la memoria y los diagnósticos de problemas articulares, diabetes e hipertensión. Conclusión: La situación económica, el apoyo social y el estado de salud se asocian de forma independiente con la satisfacción vital en los adultos mayores de Santiago. Se requieren nuevos estudios para evaluar la dirección temporal del efecto, así como las implicaciones de estos hallazgos en las políticas públicas de salud en esta población.Objective: To evaluate the association between life satisfaction and socioeconomic status and self-reported health in a cohort of older people in Santiago, Chile, in 2005 and 2006. Methods: We interviewed 2002 individuals aged 65 to 67.9 years registered in 20 primary care centers in the city of Santiago. Participants were living independently with no cognitive impairment, suspected cancer or terminal diseases. We assessed life satisfaction using an abbreviated

  15. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar study of Okmok volcano, Alaska, 1992-2003: Magma supply dynamics and postemplacement lava flow deformation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Z.; Masterlark, Timothy; Dzurisin, Daniel

    2005-01-01

    Okmok volcano, located in the central Aleutian arc, Alaska, is a dominantly basaltic complex topped with a 10-km-wide caldera that formed circa 2.05 ka. Okmok erupted several times during the 20th century, most recently in 1997; eruptions in 1945, 1958, and 1997 produced lava flows within the caldera. We used 80 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images (interferograms) to study transient deformation of the volcano before, during, and after the 1997 eruption. Point source models suggest that a magma reservoir at a depth of 3.2 km below sea level, located beneath the center of the caldera and about 5 km northeast of the 1997 vent, is responsible for observed volcano-wide deformation. The preeruption uplift rate decreased from about 10 cm yr−1 during 1992–1993 to 2 ∼ 3 cm yr−1 during 1993–1995 and then to about −1 ∼ −2 cm yr−1 during 1995–1996. The posteruption inflation rate generally decreased with time during 1997–2001, but increased significantly during 2001–2003. By the summer of 2003, 30 ∼ 60% of the magma volume lost from the reservoir in the 1997 eruption had been replenished. Interferograms for periods before the 1997 eruption indicate consistent subsidence of the surface of the 1958 lava flows, most likely due to thermal contraction. Interferograms for periods after the eruption suggest at least four distinct deformation processes: (1) volcano-wide inflation due to replenishment of the shallow magma reservoir, (2) subsidence of the 1997 lava flows, most likely due to thermal contraction, (3) deformation of the 1958 lava flows due to loading by the 1997 flows, and (4) continuing subsidence of 1958 lava flows buried beneath 1997 flows. Our results provide insights into the postemplacement behavior of lava flows and have cautionary implications for the interpretation of inflation patterns at active volcanoes.

  16. Efectividad del proyecto de convergencia contable mexicano emprendido a partir de 2005: evidencia empírica (1997-2010

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    Sergio Demetrio Polo Jiménez

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de nuestro estudio es conocer si los esfuerzos llevados a cabo por el Consejo Mexicano de Normas de Información Financiera ha logrado reducir las diferencias en el cálculo de las cifras contables mexicanas y las calculadas bajo principios norteamericanos (US GAAP en el periodo 1997- 2010. Para alcanzar los objetivos planteados hemos analizado 230 Informes 20-F que corresponden a 27 empresas mexicanas listadas en la bolsa de valores de Nueva York. Los resultados obtenidos en la aplicación de los modelos de regresión lineal muestran la existencia de determinados factores que explican el grado de comparabilidad de las variables contables fundamentales obtenidas bajo principios mexicanos y estadounidenses.

  17. Tendencias de mortalidad por traumatismos y envenenamientos en adolescentes: México, 1979-1997

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    Celis Alfredo

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Describir las causas externas de la mortalidad por traumatismos y envenenamientos, así como la tendencia que estas causas han mostrado entre adolescentes en México, de 1979 a 1997. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Para la realización de este estudio descriptivo de la mortalidad se utilizaron las bases de datos de mortalidad registrada en México de 1979 a 1997. Los datos son recabados, codificados y capturados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática, y se obtuvieron a través del Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Los datos fueron tabulados durante el último semestre de 2000, en Jalisco, en la Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud del Adolescente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. RESULTADOS: Los traumatismos y envenenamientos ocuparon el primer lugar en la mortalidad del grupo adolescente (tasa de 13.35/100 000 con una tendencia descendente de -41.4% durante el periodo 1979-1997, no obstante el incremento de homicidios y suicidios (9.5% y 104.0% respectivamente. Los mecanismos más frecuentes fueron los vehículos de tráfico de motor, las armas de fuego, las intoxicaciones, las sofocaciones y las asfixias por inmersión. CONCLUSIONES: Los traumatismos y envenenamientos que experimenta la población de países en desarrollo muestran frecuencias diferentes a lo registrado en los más desarrollados, haciendo necesario el estudio de los mismos para implantar las medidas preventivas acordes con las condiciones socioculturales y ambientales de cada entorno.

  18. La evaluación del proceso de descentralización en Santiago de Chile

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    Carlos GUERRA RODRÍGUEZ

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: Trás presentar el contexto creado por la Reforma Administrativa del Régimen Militar en Chile, se identifica la problemática que lleva a impulsar la Reforma Comunal de la provincia de Santiago. Se consideran objetivos, estrategias, localización, proceso, calendario y desarrollo de esta Reforma. Por último, se evalúa el alcance.ABSTRACT: After explaining the context created by the Administrative Reform of the Military Regime in Chile. The author identifies the problematic aspects which impulsed the communal reform in the Province of Santiago. In the article are considerated objectives, strategies, localizations, process, timing. and development of this reform. At the end. there is also an evaluation of its scope.

  19. Recaída y factores de riesgo asociados en pacientes con tuberculosis en Santiago de Cuba (2002-2008 Relapse and associated risk factors in patients with tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba (2002-2008

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    Yanara Toledano Grave de Peralta

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y transversal de los 36 pacientes con recaídas por tuberculosis en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba desde el 2002 hasta el 2008, para caracterizarles según algunas variables clinicoepidemiológicas. Se observó que las recaídas tuvieron una tendencia ascendente, fundamentalmente en el municipio de Santiago de Cuba, con preponderancia en el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 60 años y más, las personas solteras y los que tenían nivel escolar primario y condiciones económicas regulares o malas. Se evidenció una inadmisible demora entre la fecha de inicio de los síntomas y la confirmación del diagnóstico, por lo que se recomendó mantener como prioridades la vigilancia y el control del Programa Nacional de Tuberculosis en la comunidad, de manera que permita disminuir la prevalencia de recaída por esta enfermedad en el territorio.A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 36 patients with relapses due to tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba province from 2002 to 2008, to characterize them according to some clinical and epidemiological variables. It was observed that relapses had an upward tendency, mainly in Santiago de Cuba municipality, with predominance in male sex, in the age group of 60 years and over, single people and those that had primary school level and middling or bad economic status. An inadmissible delay was evidenced between the date of beginning of the symptoms and the confirmation of the diagnosis, thus recommending to maintain as priorities the surveillance and control of the National Program of Tuberculosis in the community, so that it allows to reduce prevalence of relapses due to this condition in the territory.

  20. El arzobispado de Don Gonzalo de Aguilar en Santiago de Compostela (1348-1351

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    Sánchez Sánchez, Xosé M.

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available In the middle of the 14th century the prelature of Santiago de Compostela is occupied by Don Gonzalo de Aguilar, archbishop transferred from Sigüenza and whose pontificate is extended between 1348 and 1351, when he is transferred to Toledo. He is a figure that remained until now in the complete darkness of the history of the Compostellan church, disappearing in fact, in many cases, of the historical considerations, that they avoided him or simply they did not have noticed of his figure, extending the bordering prelatures (Peter V and Gómez Manrique until eliminate his one. It responds to the completely absence of sources and mentions in the Compostellan archives; in order to palliate this fact, we resorted to the bibliography of other seats and, specially, to the sources of the Vatican Secret Archive, with whose aid we can form one first, new and relatively complete vision of its reign in Santiago.

    A mediados del siglo XIV ocupa el arzobispado de Santiago de Compostela Don Gonzalo de Aguilar, prelado trasladado desde Sigüenza y cuyo pontificado se extiende entre los años 1348 y 1351, momento en que es promovido a Toledo. Se trata de una figura que permanecía hasta ahora en la completa penumbra de la historia de la iglesia compostelana, hasta el punto de haber desaparecido en muchos casos de las consideraciones históricas, que obviaban o simplemente desconocían su figura, extendiendo las prelaturas limítrofes, las de Pedro V y Gómez Manrique, hasta eliminar la suya. Ello responde a la completa falta de fuentes y menciones existente en los archivos compostelanos. Para paliar este hecho, recurrimos tanto a la bibliografía de otras sedes como, especialmente, a las fuentes del Archivo Secreto Vaticano, con cuya ayuda podemos configurar una primera, novedosa y relativamente completa visión de su gobierno en Santiago.

  1. KARIER MENINGITIS MENINGOKOK PADA JEMAAH HAJI INDONESIA TAHUN 1993-2003

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    Sarwo Handayani

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Research and routine survey of meningococcal meningitis on Indonesian hajj pilgrims have been conducted since 1993 until now. This paper consists of several research and routine survey of meningococcal meningitis during 1993 and 2003. The objectives of the test were determining the meningococcal meningitis carrier on hajj pilgrims, determining the serogroup of N. meningitidis and knowing sensitivity of bacteria to several antibiotics. The result showed increasing of meningococcal meningitis carrier in 1993 up to 1996, that was 1.3% - 9,4% respectively. This proportion of meningococcal meningitis carrier in the case groups decreased after given of rifampicin in 1994 and cyprofloxacin in 1997 as a chemoprophilactic. The result of the study in 1997 indiciated that the carrier rate of groups with cyprofloxacin (1.4% was lower than rifampicin group (1.4%. Most of the isolated bacteria of N. meningitidis in 1996 and 1997 were resistant to rifampicin (sensitivity test was 0-33%. Serogroup B of N. meningitidis were found dominantly between 1993 and 1999, it changed to be serogroup W135 from 2000 to 2003. The changes related  with the majority cases of meningococcal meningitis in another countries that caused by serogroup W135. Because  of  that  since 2002, immunization program has given a tetravalen (serogroup ACYW135 meningococcal vaccine to all of Indonesian hajj pilgrims. The carrier of meningococcal meningitis is still found in hajj pilgrims and their contact. More attention must be given, caused of meningococcal meningitis serogroup B vaccine is not available. The further researches are needed especially for subtype of N. meningitidis, effectivity of the drug choice and development of meningococcal meningitis vaccine serogroup B.

  2. Susceptibility profile of Aedes aegypti from Santiago Island, Cabo Verde, to insecticides.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rocha, Hélio Daniel Ribeiro; Paiva, Marcelo Henrique Santos; Silva, Norma Machado; de Araújo, Ana Paula; Camacho, Denise Dos Reis da Rosa de Azevedo; Moura, Aires Januário Fernandes da; Gómez, Lara Ferrero; Ayres, Constância Flávia Junqueira; Santos, Maria Alice Varjal de Melo

    2015-12-01

    In 2009, Cabo Verde diagnosed the first dengue cases, with 21,137 cases reported and Aedes aegypti was identified as the vector. Since the outbreak, chemical insecticides and source reduction were used to control the mosquito population. This study aimed to assess the susceptibility of A. aegypti populations from Santiago, Cabo Verde to insecticides and identify the mechanisms of resistance. Samples of A. aegypti eggs were obtained at two different time periods (2012 and 2014), using ovitraps in different locations in Santiago Island to establish the parental population. F1 larvae were exposed to different concentrations of insecticides (Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (Bti), diflubenzuron and temephos) to estimate the lethal concentrations (LC90) and calculate the respective rate of resistance (RR90). Semi-field tests using temephos-ABATE(®) were performed to evaluate the persistence of the product. Bottle tests using female mosquitoes were carried out to determine the susceptibility to the adulticides malathion, cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Biochemical and molecular tests were performed to investigate the presence of metabolic resistance mechanisms, associated with the enzymes glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), esterases and mixed-function oxidases (MFO) and to detect mutations or alterations in the sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase genes. A. aegypti mosquitoes from Santiago exhibited resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin (mortality<80%) and temephos (RR90=4.4) but susceptibility to malathion (mortality≥98%), Bti and diflubenzuron. The low level of resistance to temephos did not affect the effectiveness of Abate(®). The enzymatic analysis conducted in 2012 revealed slight changes in the activities of GST (25%), MFO (18%), α-esterase (19%) and β-esterase (17%), but no significant changes in 2014. Target site resistance mutations were not detected. Our results suggest that the A. aegypti population from Santiago is resistant to two major

  3. Algunos factores epidemiológicos relacionados con la tuberculosis en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba (2005-2007 Some epidemiologic factors related to tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba province (2005-2007

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernestina del Campo Mulet

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal para caracterizar a los 155 pacientes con tuberculosis en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba durante los años 2005-2007. Hubo un ligero incremento de la tasa de incidencia de la enfermedad en ese trienio, con predominio en los municipios de Santiago de Cuba, Palma Soriano y Julio Antonio Mella (en este último aumentó de forma significativa en el 2007. Se observó, de forma general, que los afectados tenían entre 2 y 3 factores de riesgo y la mayoría pertenecieron a los grupos etarios de más de 55 años. Primaron la tuberculosis pulmonar y la positividad del bacilo ácido-alcohol resistente. En la atención primaria se diagnosticó el mayor número de personas infectadas, las cuales tenían menos de 23 días de haber estado experimentando los síntomas. Hubo 5 pacientes que presentaron coinfección con el virus de inmunodeficiencia adquirida.A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out to characterize the 155 patients with tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba province during the years 2005-2007. There was a slight increase of the incidence rate of the disease in that triennium, with prevalence in Santiago de Cuba, Palma Soriano and Julio Antonio Mella municipalities (in this last one it increased in a significant way in 2007. In general it was observed, that the affected ones had between 2 and 3 risk factors and most of them were in the age group of more than 55 years. The lung tuberculosis and the positivity of the acid-alcohol resistant bacillus prevailed. The highest number of infected people who had less than 23 days of experiencing the symptoms, was diagnosed in the primary care. There were 5 patients that presented co-infection with the acquired immunodeficiency virus.

  4. Factors That Condition the Attitude Toward Living Related Kidney Donation Among Santiago of Cuba's Population.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ríos, A; López-Navas, A I; Sánchez, Á; Martínez-Alarcón, L; Ayala, M A; Garrido, G; Sebastián, M J; Ramis, G; Hernández, A M; Ramírez, P; Parrilla, P

    2018-03-01

    Living kidney donation is currently the most important kidney donor source in Latin America, and it is necessary to further increase its rates. To analyze the attitude toward living kidney donation among the Santiago de Cuba's population and to determine the sociopersonal factors with which it is associated. The population over 15 years old residing in Santiago de Cuba, stratified by sex and age, was screened. The "PCID-LKD Ríos" attitude questionnaire toward living kidney donation was administered to a random selection of the people surveyed according to the stratification and the census data. The completion was anonymized and self-administered. Verbal consent was obtained. The study was completed by 445 people, of whom the 86% (n = 389) were in favor of living related kidney donation. This attitude is associated with the level of education (P donation (P = .006); attitude toward cadaveric organ donation (P donation (P = .001); religious beliefs (P = .001); and assessment of the risk of living kidney donation (P donation; (3) carrying out of prosocial activities; and (4) risk assessment of living donation. Living related donation is very well accepted among the Santiago de Cuba's population. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Respiratory disease and particulate air pollution in Santiago Chile: Contribution of erosion particles from fine sediments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garcia-Chevesich, Pablo A.; Alvarado, Sergio; Neary, Daniel G.; Valdes, Rodrigo; Valdes, Juan; Aguirre, Juan José; Mena, Marcelo; Pizarro, Roberto; Jofré, Paola; Vera, Mauricio; Olivares, Claudio

    2014-01-01

    Air pollution in Santiago is a serious problem every winter, causing thousands of cases of breathing problems within the population. With more than 6 million people and almost two million vehicles, this large city receives rainfall only during winters. Depending on the frequency of storms, statistics show that every time it rains, air quality improves for a couple of days, followed by extreme levels of air pollution. Current regulations focus mostly on PM10 and PM2.5, due to its strong influence on respiratory diseases. Though more than 50% of the ambient PM10s in Santiago is represented by soil particles, most of the efforts have been focused on the remaining 50%, i.e. particulate material originating from fossil and wood fuel combustion, among others. This document emphasizes the need for the creation of erosion/sediment control regulations in Chile, to decrease respiratory diseases on Chilean polluted cities. - We emphasize the urgent need to implement erosion and sediment control politics in Santiago, to decrease PM10 concentrations in the city's air, based on the US experience

  6. Decreased rates of nosocomial endometritis and urinary tract infection after vaginal delivery in a French surveillance network, 1997-2003.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ayzac, Louis; Caillat-Vallet, Emmanuelle; Girard, Raphaële; Chapuis, Catherine; Depaix, Florence; Dumas, Anne-Marie; Gignoux, Chantal; Haond, Catherine; Lafarge-Leboucher, Joëlle; Launay, Carine; Tissot-Guerraz, Françoise; Vincent, Agnès; Fabry, Jacques

    2008-06-01

    To identify independent risk factors for endometritis and urinary tract infection (UTI) after vaginal delivery, and to monitor changes in nosocomial infection rates and derive benchmarks for prevention. Prospective study. We analyzed routine surveillance data for all vaginal deliveries between January 1997 and December 2003 at 66 maternity units participating in the Mater Sud-Est surveillance network. Adjusted odds ratios for risk of endometritis or UTI were obtained using a logistic regression model. The overall incidence rates were 0.5% for endometritis and 0.3% for UTI. There was a significant decrease in the incidence and risk of endometritis but not of UTI during the 7-year period. Significant risk factors for endometritis were fever during labor, parity of 1, and instrumental delivery and/or manual removal of the placenta. Significant risk factors for UTI were urinary infection on admission, premature rupture of membranes (more than 12 hours before admission), blood loss of more than 800 mL, parity of 1, instrumental delivery, and receipt of more than 5 vaginal digital examinations. Each maternity unit received a poster showing graphs of the number of expected and observed cases of UTI and endometritis associated with vaginal deliveries, which enabled each maternity unit to determine their rank within the network and to initiate prevention programs. Although routine surveillance means additional work for maternity units, our results demonstrate the usefulness of regular targeted monitoring of risk factors and of the most common nosocomial infections in obstetrics. Most of the information needed for monitoring is already present in the patients' records.

  7. “Mne govorjat, kakaja bednost’ slovarja...” Il protosamizdat del periodo staliniano alla ricerca di un’espressività

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Massimo Maurizio

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available L’estetica della letteratura afferente al circuito samizdat dopo il XX congresso del PCUS (1956 è strettamente legata alla produzione non ufficiale del periodo staliniano, a sua volta definitasi secondo una relazione antitetica alla poesia proletaria degli anni Venti. Molte delle figure di rife- rimento di questo periodo hanno attinto il proprio linguaggio e gli strumenti poetici dall'arsenale espressivo e formale del Secolo d’Argento, sebbene differenziadosene notevolmente e adattan- dolo all'estetica che essi perseguivano, intimamente alternativa a quella realsocialista. La com- plessa poetica di autori quali E. Kropivnickij, Jan Satunovskj (come anche, in un periodo succes- sivo, il “discepolo” del primo G Sapgir e molti altri hanno attinto i tratti distintivi della propria produzione dalla rielaborazione dell’arte proletaria della prima metà degli anni Venti alla luce di una visione dissacrante e grottesca della contemporaneità, che emerge in primo luogo dall'aspetto delle loro opere poetiche.

  8. Institucionalidad y control territorial en Colombia. Una aproximación al Urabá antioqueño desde la teoría de la cooptación del estado (1997-2007)

    OpenAIRE

    Urrego Bernal, Juan David

    2016-01-01

    El interés de esta monografía es evaluar la relación entre el orden institucional del Estado colombiano y las lógicas del control territorial de los paramilitares sobre el Urabá antioqueño durante el periodo 1997-2007. Se analiza y explica cómo los grupos paramilitares aprovecharon el contexto de debilidad institucional del Urabá antioqueño para consolidar estructuras paraestatales que instrumentalizaron y cooptaron la institucionalidad del Estado con la pretensión de reproducir las condicion...

  9. Nanopublication beyond the sciences: the PeriodO period gazetteer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrick Golden

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available The information expressed in humanities datasets is inextricably tied to a wider discursive environment that is irreducible to complete formal representation. Humanities scholars must wrestle with this fact when they attempt to publish or consume structured data. The practice of “nanopublication,” which originated in the e-science domain, offers a way to maintain the connection between formal representations of humanities data and its discursive basis. In this paper we describe nanopublication, its potential applicability to the humanities, and our experience curating humanities nanopublications in the PeriodO period gazetteer.

  10. Prevalence and correlates of physical fighting among school-going adolescents in Santiago, Chile Prevalencia e correlaciones de la lucha física entre adolescentes escolares en Santiago de Chile, Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emmanuel Rudatsikira

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: There is a growing interest in injury as a public health issue across the world. There is paucity of data on the prevalence and social correlates of non-fatal interpersonal violence in low- and middle-income income nations. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of, and associated factors for physical fighting among school-going adolescents in Santiago, Chile. METHOD: We conducted a secondary analysis of the Chilean Global School-Based Health Survey conducted in 2004 in Santiago. We aimed to assess the prevalence and social correlates of having been involved in a physical fight in the prior 12 months. RESULTS: Of the 2111 respondents, 40.7% (54.3% males and 26.6% females reported having been in a physical fight in the prior 12 months. Males were more likely to have been in a physical fight than females [OR = 3.89, 95% CI (3.11, 4.85]. Substance use (cigarette smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs and bullying victimization were positively associated with fighting [OR = 3.05, 95% CI (2.40, 3.87 for substance use, and OR = 1.65, 95% CI (1.32, 2.05 for bullying]. Parental supervision was negatively associated with physical fighting [OR = 0.62, 95% CI (0.50, 0.78]. CONCLUSION: We have estimated the prevalence of having engaged in a physical fight among in-school adolescents in Santiago, Chile. We have found that the prevalence is similar to what has been reported in diverse settings in Africa, Europe and North America.OBJETIVO: Existe un creciente interés en el daño como un asunto de salud pública a través del mundo. Hay escasez de datos en la prevalencia y correlaciones sociales de violencia interpersonal no fatal, en naciones con bajos y medianos ingresos. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia y el factor asociado a lucha física entre estudiantes adolescentes en Santiago, Chile. MÉTODO: Hemos conducido un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Global Chilena de Salud Basada en Escuelas

  11. Historia de la universalización del acceso al agua y alcantarillado en Santiago de Chile (1970-1995

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    GÉRALDINE PFLIEGER

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available ¿Cuáles son los factores que explican la universalización de las redes de agua y de saneamiento en Santiago de Chile? Analizaremos los papeles respectivos de las políticas de la vivienda y de las primeras reformas del servicio en la universalización del acceso al agua potable a lo largo de los ochenta. En una segunda fase, destacaremos las dificultades que trae para estas redes el crecimiento urbano del Gran Santiago en los ochenta, las que generan una segunda ola de reformas. Estudiaremos, finalmente, el diseño de la reforma reglamentaria y gerencial de 1989 y sus efectos en términos de accesibilidad espacial y social al servicio.What factors explain the growth of universal access to potable water and sewage networks in Santiago, Chile? We will analyse the respective roles of housing policies and the first wave of service reforms in achieving universal access to drinking water during the 1980s. The second part of the article focuses on the difficulties linked to urban growth in Gran Santiago that coincided with the expansion of water and sewer lines during the 1980s, eventually leading to a second wave of reforms. Finally, we shall examine the design of the 1989 regulatory and management reforms and their effects on service access as it varies by social group and geographic location.

  12. Os fantasmas pornô de Santiago Nazarian e seus adolescentes bizarros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aileen El-Kadi

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available This article analyses the book of short stories Pornofantasma (Record, 2011 by Santiago Nazarian. The focus of this analysis is the connections between the text and the genre of pornography and pop culture, as well as the way the author ques- tions centers and margins of power using the aforementioned genres.

  13. La oficina de conservación y rehabilitación de la ciudad histórica de Santiago 1994-2001

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernández Hermida, Ramón

    2003-08-01

    .El Premio U.N. HABITAT Dubai 2002 de Buenas Prácticas otorgado por la Organización de Naciones Unidas a Santiago de Compostela por la "Protección y rehabilitación de la ciudad histórica e integración con su entorno natural " fue recogido por el Alcalde Xosé Sánchez Bugallo y por la Concejala responsable de la ciudad histórica Encarna Otero. y es un magnífico reconocimiento a la cooperación y al trabajo solidario realizado durante más de una década por ciudadanos, urbanistas . técnicos. constructores . políticos y demás agentes sociales con el objetivo de recuperar su Ciudad Histórica. La imprescindible implicación coordinada en el proyecto de las diferentes administraciones competentes. el Estado español. la Xunta de Galicia y el Ayuntamiento. fue posible gracias a la creación de un ente estable de cooperación. el Consorcio de la Ciudad. impulsado por el Real Patronato de Santiago de Compostela. El n° 439 de Informes de la Construcción de septiembre/octubre de 1995 dedicado monográficamente a Santiago. se cerraba con un artículo en el que se presentaba la joven Oficina Municipal de Conservación y Rehabilitación de la Ciudad Histórica creada en 1994. Desde entonces el esfuerzo realizado para la rehabilitación de la ciudad histórica entre 1994 y 2001 mereció el reconocimiento internacional con el Premio Europa Nostra 1996. el Premio Gubbio 1996 de la Asociación de Centros Históricos de Italia . el Premio Europeo de Urbanismo 1997//998 de la Comisión Europea. el Premio Torre Guinigi 2001 y el referido Premio Dubai 2002 de Buenas Prácticas. En el artículo que ahora se presenta. elaborado conjuntamente por los arquitectos que desde la Oficina de Conservación y Rehabilitación desarrollaron los programas de rehabilitación bajo la dirección técnica de Javier Ramos. se hace 111/ breve repaso de los diferentes conceptos . instrumentos de gestión o reflexiones que han alimentado en la práctica diaria el proceso de recuperación urbana del

  14. EL DESARROLLO DE LA INDUSTRIA LIMPIA EN EL PARQUE INDUSTRIAL SANTIAGO TIANGUISTENCO

    OpenAIRE

    Verónica Miranda Rosales

    2009-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la implementación de la industria limpia en el Parque Industrial Santiago Tianguistenco, para determinar en qué medida se ha logrado una certificación de la industria limpia en las empresas que se asientan en el parque.

  15. Air pollution in Santiago (Chile) as a studied by nuclear and other techniques

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Toro, P.

    1994-01-01

    Santiago, the capital of Chile is becoming one of the most polluted cities in the world as regards its atmospheric environment. The present project aims at comparing the composition of airborne particulate matter collected in Santiago with other collected in a clear area and to optimize the analytical methodology, based on NAA, XRF and PIXE, for this type of samples. The possibility of using total reflection XRF (TRXRF) for quantitative determination of air particulate matter will be evaluated. Analysis of wet deposition by ion chromatography and TRXRF will also be performed. The feasibility of using biomonitors for environmental pollution purposes will also be studied. The project foresees the evaluation of the analytical data as regards its analytical quality and its statistical interpretation. The identification of emission sources will be attempted. (author). 7 refs, 1 fig., 3 tabs

  16. La productividad de la vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews en México de 2003 a 2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Santillán Fernández

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available En México la producción de vainilla (Vanilla planifolia ha disminuido como resultado de una escasa aplicación de paquetes tecnológicos adecuados a las condiciones edafoclimáticas del cultivo. Para comprobar esta hipótesis se realizó un análisis de su productividad de 2003 a 2014 a nivel internacional, mediante pruebas de medias de Tukey, y a nivel nacional con el modelo de descomposición de factores del crecimiento de la producción propuesto por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. Los resultados mostraron que, en el periodo de estudio, México no incrementó su exportación de vainilla a nivel internacional debido a que se destinó una escasa superficie al cultivo. En el contexto nacional, para el periodo 2009-2014 en comparación con 2003-2008 hubo un incremento en la producción de 2.5 % como respuesta a los rendimientos de campo (2.0 %. Esto se registró en 14 de los 52 municipios involucrados, que presentaron un aumento de 1.6 % en la superficie sembrada y 1.8 % en el campo, lo que contrasta con la caída de producción (-0.1 % de los restantes 38 municipios, producto de una reducción en el área cultivada (-2.3 %. Estos resultados indican que a pesar de los buenos rendimientos en campo que se obtuvieron de 2009-2014, el país no ha podido incrementar su productividad a nivel internacional, principalmente por la escasa superficie sembrada y a la falta de transferencia de tecnología para impulsar el desarrollo del sector.

  17. Grit or Grace: Packing for the Camino de Santiago

    OpenAIRE

    Havard, Megan

    2017-01-01

    As the director of a new collegiate study-abroad program that will invite students to complete a segment of a Christian pilgrimage across northern Spain, the Camino de Santiago (Way of St. James), I am tasked with setting the expectations of students, parents and administrators, and with addressing the needs of student travellers. The present chapter analyses several genres of cultural artefacts that novice pilgrims, such as my students, are likely to encounter prior to departure: travel guid...

  18. Lead isotopic characterization of respirable urban aerosols and related sources, Santiago-Chile

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Diaz, M; Kawashita, K; Antinao, J.L

    2001-01-01

    Santiago de Chile is located in a poorly ventilated valley at 33 o 30' latitude south at an altitude of 550m. Local climate is semi-arid with mean annual rainfall below 350mm. The atmospheric particles constitute one of the main factors of urban air pollution in the city. Morphological characterization of airborne particles of Santiago done by Scanning Electron Microscopy showed the presence of three groups of particles: crystalline. spherical and agglomerate particles. The crystalline shapes originated in geologic sources have perfectly defined crystallographic parameters. The agglomerated shapes are formed by organic material and submicrometrical mineral particles derived from combustion of fossil fuel and the spherical shapes are products of metallurgical activities. Some of them could been associated with the wear of motorcars. Samples of aerosols. sediments and leaded petrol of different distributors were collected. Aerosols were sampled in two sites of Santiago: the Movil monitoring station, at east of the city, and Parque O'Higgins monitoring station in downtown. These two monitoring stations belong to the MACAM network. Sediments of Mapocho, Maipo, San Francisco and Zanjon de la Aguada rivers and two samples from Disputada and Merceditas ores were studied. All the samples have been measured for their 206 Pb/ 204 Pb, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios. The experimental chemical procedures of sample dissolution and Pb separation by anion exchange chromatography were developed in the Sernageomin clean laboratory of Santiago de Chile. The isotopic measurements were made using a VG-Sector isotope ratio mass spectrometer fitted with a thermal ion source, multi Faraday collector and Daly collector of the Isotopic Geology Laboratory in the Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The measurements were corrected using NBS 981 and 982 standards. Isotopic results plotted in a 208 Pb/ 204 Pb versus 206 Pb/ 204 Pb diagram and in a 207 Pb/ 204 Pb versus

  19. Study on the electrical impact of the additional eolic production integration on the networks of Cabo Verde Republic - the Santiago case; Estudos de impacto electrico da integracao de producao eolica adicional nas redes electricas da Republica de Cabo Verde - Caso de Santiago

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopes, J.A. Pecas [Universidade do Porto (Portugal). Faculdade de Engenharia. E-mail: jpl@riff.fe.up.pt; Vasconcelos, Helena [Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores (INESC), Porto (Portugal). E-mail: hvasconcelos@inescn.pt; Santos, Ruy Lopes dos; Fonseca, Joao D. [Empresa de Electricidade e Agua (ELECTRA). S.A.R.L., Sao Vicente (Cabo Verde). E-mail: dg-electra@mail.cvtelecom.cv

    1999-07-01

    This paper describes the methodology adopted for the studies on stationary and dynamic behaviour for evaluation the impact on the S. Vicente, Santiago and Sal islands networks resulting from the increasing of the eolic production capacity, considering a scenery corresponding to the year of 1998. The increasing influenced the expansion of the eolic parks being explored since the year 1994. The describe case study refers to the Santiago island, and the results obtained for this particular network are presented.

  20. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. strains isolated from Layer Hens in Campania Region from 2000 to 2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandro Fioretti

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Scopo del presente lavoro è stato quello di testare la sensibilità antibiotica di 60 ceppi di Salmonella (S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, S. gallinarum isolati da galline ovaiole nel periodo compreso tra il 2000 e il 2003. S. gallinarum mostrava resistenza nei confronti di ciprofloxacina ed enrofloxacina (rispettivamente 15% e 23%, al contrario di S. enteritidis e S. typhimurium che manifestavano una completa sensibilità. Tutti i sierotipi valutati presentavano alte percentuali di resistenza nei confronti di neomicina, gentamicina e ossitetraciclina. Nei confronti dei sulfamidici i ceppi testati presentavano resistenza nulla. Tali risultati suggeriscono un uso più moderato e mirato degli antibiotici negli allevamenti in modo da ridurre la selezione e diffusione di ceppi multiresistenti.

  1. Off-stream Pumped Storage Hydropower plant to increase renewable energy penetration in Santiago Island, Cape Verde

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barreira, Inês; Gueifão, Carlos; Ferreira de Jesus, J.

    2017-04-01

    In order to reduce the high dependence on imported fuels and to meet the ongoing growth of electricity demand, Cape Verde government set the goal to increase renewable energy penetration in Santiago Island until 2020. To help maximize renewable energy penetration, an off-stream Pumped Storage Hydropower (PSH) plant will be installed in Santiago, in one of the following locations: Chã Gonçalves, Mato Sancho and Ribeira dos Picos. This paper summarizes the studies carried out to find the optimal location and connection point of the PSH plant in Santiago’s electricity network. This goal was achieved by assessing the impact of the PSH plant, in each location, on power system stability. The simulation tool PSS/E of Siemens was used to study the steady-state and dynamic behavior of the future (2020) Santiago MV grid. Different scenarios of demand and renewable resources were created. Each hydro unit of the PSH plant was modeled as an adjustable speed reversible turbine employing a DFIM. The results show that Santiago’s grid with the PSH plant in Chã Gonçalves is the one that has the best performance.

  2. [Reproductive health survey of young adults in greater Santiago].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Valenzuela, M S; Herold, J M; Morris, L; López, I M

    1992-01-01

    In 1988 a survey was carried out in order to obtain information on knowledge about reproduction, sexual activity, attitudes, and use of contraceptive methods among residents between 15 and 24 years of age in Greater Santiago. For this purpose, a multistage, self-weighted, non-replacement probability sample was chosen from the entire Santiago urban area. After 2,898 households were visited, 865 women and 800 men were selected and interviewed. For the interview, a questionnaire with 156 questions was developed; many questions were similar to those included in similar surveys in Brazil and Guatemala. The interviewers were professionals who had received prior training. Although 75% of the interviewees had attended sex education classes, they had erroneous ideas on various basic subjects. Sixty-nine percent of the women interviewed had undergone menarche before attending these classes. In addition, 35.4% of the women and 65.0% of the men had had sexual relations prior to marriage, and less than 20% had used any contraceptive method. More than 60% of the interviewees who had children had conceived them before marrying. These findings point up the necessity of offering sex education classes for children and young people, as well as facilitating their access to family planning services, in order to decrease the number of illegitimate and unwanted children that are born in Chile.

  3. Tipos de Tiempo en el periodo de Semana Santa Vallisoletana.

    OpenAIRE

    Miranda Martín, Javier

    2017-01-01

    El propósito del proyecto es el análisis y la caracterización de ciertos tipos de tiempo a partir de los datos observados de la Base de Datos Climatológica del Observatorio de Valladolid. Los datos analizados corresponden a los ocho días de Semana Santa de un periodo de 37 años que comprenden entre los años 1981 y 2017. Grado en Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio

  4. ‘Materiales de Construcción’ Journal, 2003-2012: a bibliometric analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sorli-Rojo, A.

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the present work was to make a bibliometric analysis of research articles and technical notes published in the journal ‘Materiales de Construcción’ between 2003 and 2012. Authors’ productivity and collaboration, affiliation and nationality of authors, collaboration amongst institutions using techniques of social networks analysis, and the impact factor of the journal were analyzed. The results show high levels in authors’ diversification and collaboration; high number of institutions but a low level of collaboration among them; and a big increase of impact factor during all the period. The main conclusion of this work is that ‘Materiales de Construcción’ has evolved positively since 2003 to 2012, becoming a quality journal in its area.El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis bibliométrico de los artículos y notas técnicas que se han publicado en la revista Materiales de Construcción entre 2003 y 2012. Se analizan la productividad de los autores y el grado de colaboración entre los mismos, las instituciones de los autores y sus países de origen, la colaboración entre las instituciones de autores utilizando técnicas de análisis de redes sociales y el factor de impacto de la revista. Los resultados indican que hay elevados niveles en la diversificación y en la colaboración de autores; un alto número de instituciones pero un escaso grado de colaboración entre las mismas; y un gran incremento en el factor de impacto durante el periodo analizado. La principal conclusión de este trabajo es que Materiales de Construcción ha evolucionado positivamente desde 2003 a 2012, llegando a ser una revista de calidad en su ámbito.

  5. Promotional cultural poster: Major features of the sociocultural peak in Santiago de Cuba city, between 1970-1980

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zoilo Rafael Fernández-Hernández

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available During 70´s and 80´s of the last century, the promotional cultural poster in Santiago de Cuba gained a remarkable peak, due to historical and culturals conditions. Many important institutions were founded, that promote graphic design and sociocultural actions in the city, expressed in a lot of cultural events in that period. Nonetheless is impossible deny the education that acquired artists and designers, who with their creations increased the graphic arts movement in Santiago de Cuba, because they had a unique style. Because they had developed a unique style, apart of the Havana´s art movement.

  6. Rate of candidiasis among HIV-infected children in Spain in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (1997-2008).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Álvaro-Meca, Alejandro; Jensen, Julia; Micheloud, Dariela; Díaz, Asunción; Gurbindo, Dolores; Resino, Salvador

    2013-03-04

    Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The aim of our study was to estimate the candidiasis rate and evaluate its trend in HIV-infected children in Spain during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) compared to HIV-uninfected children. We carried out a retrospective study. Data were obtained from the records of the Minimum Basic Data Set from hospitals in Spain. All HIV-infected children were under 17 years of age, and a group of HIV-uninfected children with hospital admissions matching the study group by gender and age were randomly selected. The follow-up period (1997-2008) was divided into three calendar periods: a) From 1997 to 1999 for early-period HAART; b) from 2000 to 2002 for mid-period HAART; and c) from 2003 to 2008 for late-period HAART. Among children with hospital admissions, HIV-infected children had much higher values than HIV-uninfected children during each of the three calendar periods for overall candidiasis rates (150.0 versus 6.1 events per 1,000 child hospital admissions/year (p candidiasis rate (events per 1,000 HIV-infected children/year) decreased from 1997-1999 to 2000-2002 (18.8 to 10.6; p candidiasis, both non-ICM and ICM rates experienced significant decreases from 1997-1999 to 2003-2008 (15.9 to 5.7 (p candidiasis rate still remains higher than in the general population (from 1997 to 2008), candidiasis diagnoses have decreased among HIV-infected children throughout the HAART era, and it has ceased to be a major health problem among children with HIV infection.

  7. USO DE BIOSÓLIDOS EN LA REHABILITACIÓN DE ÁREA EN EL RELLENO SANITARIO SANTIAGO PONIENTE-CHILE

    OpenAIRE

    Lucrecia Brutti; Valentina Vallejos

    2012-01-01

    Se evalúan distintas especies herbáceas como estabilizadoras de taludes sobre una mezcla de suelo con biosólidos en el Relleno Sanitario Santiago Poniente en Santiago, Región Metropolitana (Chile), con el fin de recuperar el suelo. Se determina el comportamiento de cuatro tratamientos, tres corresponden a diferentes mezclas herbáceas más uno que actuó como testigo, la mezcla de suelo utilizada contenía un 15% de biosólido. Se utilizó un diseño estadístico de Cuadrado Latino, con cuatro repeti...

  8. Precisiones sobre un altar de la iglesia madrileña de las Comendadoras de Santiago

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Ángel Sánchez Rivera

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Analizamos el altar del Santísimo Sacramento que se localiza en la iglesia de las Comendadoras de Santiago (Madrid, en cuya realización participaron diversos artistas: el arquitecto José Fernández Piedra, el pintor Jacinto Gómez Pastor y, acaso, uno de los hermanos Michel (Roberto y Pedro, o algún escultor de su círculo.We analyse the altar of the Saint Sacrament that it`s located in the church of the Comendadoras of Santiago (Madrid, in whose realisation several artists participated: the architect José Fernández Piedra, the painter Jacinto Gómez Pastor and, maybe, one of the Michel brothers (Roberto and Pedro, or some sculptor of his circle.

  9. Insomnio, latencia al sueño y cantidad de sueño en estudiantes universitarios chilenos durante el periodo de clases y exámenes

    OpenAIRE

    Samuel Durán Agüero; Giovanni Rosales Soto; Cristóbal Moya Cantillana; Paula García Milla

    2017-01-01

    Objetivo:Determinar los factores asociados a la cantidad de horas de sueño, somnolenciadiurna e insomnio antes y durante un periodo de clases y exámenes.Material y métodos:Se evaluó a 384 alumnos de ambos sexos (74,1% mujeres), quienesreportaron su peso y estatura. A cada estudiante se le aplicó el Cuestionario de Insomnio y laEscala De Somnolencia de Epworth en el periodo de clases y periodo de exámenes.Resultados:Al comparar la somnolencia diurna, insomnio, latencia al sueño y cantidad deho...

  10. La recuperación urbana y residencial del centro de Santiago: Nuevos habitantes, cambios socioespaciales significativos

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    Yasna Contreras Gatica

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available De forma paralela al proceso de expansión suburbana en las ciudades latinoamericanas y, en especial, en Santiago de Chile, se observa un movimiento residencial y espacial centrípeto, que pone en valor los atributos de localización de sus espacios centrales y que lleva a plantear la tesis del regreso a la ciudad consolidada. Dicho movimiento se inicia en los años noventa, cuando el municipio de Santiago lleva a cabo el Plan de Repoblamiento cuyos objetivos se orientaron a la generación de una oferta de vivienda nueva en zonas de deterioro y en barrios consolidados y bien conectados al resto del sistema metropolitano. A esto último, se sumaron obras de mejoramiento vial y urbano, el arribo de oferta cultural y comercial y, por sobre todo, la llegada de nuevos habitantes urbanos, específicamente jóvenes y adultos profesionales y técnicos que posicionaron y consolidaron al centro como uno de los espacios residenciales más dinámicos.Parallel to the process of suburban expansion in the Latin American cities and especially in Santiago of Chile a centrifugal residential and spatial movement is observed. This movement values the attributes of location of central spaces, thus raising the thesis of the return of the consolidated city. This movement begins in the nineties, when the municipality of Santiago carries out a Repopulation Plan that was oriented to the generation of a supply of new housing in of deteriorated zones and in consolidated and well connected districts. Works of road and urban improvement, the arrival of cultural and commercial supply and the arrival of new urban inhabitants --specifically young and adult professionals and technicians, who positioned and consolidated the downtown area as one of the more dynamic residential spaces-were added.

  11. Ecological Factors and Adolescent Marijuana Use: Results of a Prospective Study in Santiago, Chile

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    Jorge Delva

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: Despite the growing evidence that ecological factors contribute to substance use, the relationship of ecological factors and illicit drugs such as marijuana use is not well understood, particularly among adolescents in Latin America. Guided by social disorganization and social stress theories, we prospectively examined the association of disaggregated neighborhood characteristics with marijuana use among adolescents in Santiago, Chile, and tested if these relationships varied by sex. Methods: Data for this study are from 725 community-dwelling adolescents participating in the Santiago Longitudinal Study, a study of substance using behaviors among urban adolescents in Santiago, Chile. Adolescents completed a two-hour interviewer administered questionnaire with questions about drug use and factors related to drug using behaviors. Results: As the neighborhood levels of drug availability at baseline increased, but not crime or noxious environment, adolescents had higher odds of occasions of marijuana use at follow up, approximately 2 years later (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.16–1.66, even after controlling for the study’s covariates. No interactions by sex were significant. Discussion: The findings suggest that “poverty”, “crime”, and “drug problems” may not be synonyms and thus can be understood discretely. As Latin American countries re-examine their drug policies, especially those concerning decriminalizing marijuana use, the findings suggest that attempts to reduce adolescent marijuana use in disadvantaged neighborhoods may do best if efforts are concentrated on specific features of the “substance abuse environment”.

  12. Metropolizaciones Colombia-Chile: Experiencias de Bogotá, Medellín, Santiago y Concepción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz Ángela Silva Álvarez

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available El libro Metropolizaciones Colombia-Chile: Experiencias de Bogotá, Medellín, Santiago y Concepción surge en el marco de la alianza entre dos grupos de investigación de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia: el Grupo de Estudios sobre la Problemática Urbano-Regional en Colombia (Geourbe del Departamento de Geografía, sede Bogotá; y el de Dinámicas Urbano-Regionales de la Facultad de Arquitectura, sede Medellín. Posteriormente, la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile se sumó a la alianza con la organización del seminario Dinámicas Metropolitanas Colombia-Chile, diálogo entre Bogotá, Medellín, Santiago y Concepción, en noviembre de 2012 en la ciudad de Santiago. Los trabajos allí presentados fueron la base para la edición y materialización de esta interesante obra que contiene diecisiete textos, en los que se examina el proceso de metropolización en cuatro ciudades de Colombia y Chile desde diferentes perspectivas, donde el término ‘metropolizaciones’, en plural, sugiere la riqueza de aportes y enfoques tanto teóricos como metodológicos, expuestos para estudiar las metrópolis en cuanto a sus particularidades, formas y dinámicas resultantes.

  13. Incidenza di meningiti nell'ASL di Brescia nei primi mesi del 2003

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    M. Magoni

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available

    Obiettivi: nell’ASLdi Brescia durante i mesi di gennaiomaggio 2003 si è verificato un consistente aumento di casi di meningite che ha allarmato oltre agli operatori sanitari anche l’opinione pubblica locale.

    Metodi: i dati riguardanti i casi di meningite verificatisi dal gennaio 1999 al maggio 2003 sono stati raccolti dal Servizio Igiene Pubblica dell’ASLdi Brescia.

    Tenuto conto della omogeneità dei dati nel quadriennio 1999- 2002 e della stagionalità che le meningiti possono avere, sono stati calcolati i tassi di incidenza per i primi cinque mesi dell’anno per tutte le meningiti in generale e per agente eziologico, durante il quadriennio 1999-2002. Tali tassi sono stati confrontati con i tassi corrispondenti nei primi mesi del 2003.

    Risultati: nel primi 5 mesi del 2003 si sono registrati in tutto 48 casi, di cui 9 da meningocco, 13 da pneumococco, 14 virali, 3 da altri agenti batterici e 8 senza agente microbico identificato. Nei 4 anni precedenti erano stati notificati 66 casi di meningite nei primi 5 mesi dell’anno, con una media annua di 16.5. Il tasso di incidenza di meningite in gennaio-maggio è stato quindi il triplo nel 2003 (rischio relativo = 2.9 rispetto ai 4 anni precedenti (p=0.0001. L’eccesso di incidenza si è riscontrato per tutti i tipi di meningite considerati in base all’agente eziologico.

    L’analisi per diverse età ha mostrato un aumento di incidenza sia nei bambini che nei giovani adulti e negli anziani. Non si è riscontrata alcuna differenza statisticamente significativa tra l’incidenza nel comune di Brescia (area urbana rispetto all’intera ASL nel periodo in studio.

    Conclusioni: l’aumento di incidenza per meningiti
    osservato nel 2003 non sembra spiegabile in termini di variabilità casuale del fenomeno da un anno all’altro e riguarda tutti i tipi di meningite e tutte le categorie d

  14. Vivienda social periurbana en Santiago de Chile: la exclusión a escala regional del trasurbanita de Santiago de Chile

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    César Cáceres-Seguel

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La localización periurbana de vivienda social en Santiago de Chile ha sido am-pliamente estudiada desde sus implicancias territoriales y políticas, sin embargo,poco sabemos del impacto de estas urbanizaciones en la calidad de vida delhabitante. Mediante entrevistas con residentes de proyectos localizados en Lampase sugiere el surgimiento detrasurbanitas, para ellos, el acceso a un bienestarbásico depende de habitar cotidianamente territorios fragmentados entre lavivienda periurbana y comunas centrales que albergan servicios urbanos elemen-tales. El subsidio de vivienda desencadena la exclusión a escala regional congrupos habitando bordes periurbanos carentes de transporte público eficiente yservicios básicos.

  15. Assessment of wind potential at three sites in the state of Durango; Evaluacion del potencial eolico en tres sitios del estado de Durango

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saldana Flores, Ricardo; Miranda Miranda, Ubaldo

    2010-11-15

    As part of the activities of the project Laboratorio Nacional para la Evaluacion de los Recursos Renovables en Mexico (LERM), a preliminary estimate of the wind potential in three sites of Durango state was carried out, Lerdo (103 degrees 31 minutes 28 seconds W, 25 degrees 32 minutes 10 seconds N and 1140 m altitude), Guadalupe Victoria (104 degrees 07 minutes W, 24 degrees 27 minutes N and 2000 m altitude) and Santiago Papasquiaro (105 degrees 25 minuets 09 seconds W, 25 degrees 02 minutes 38 seconds N and 1720 m altitude). The following results were obtained from data analysis: Lerdo, measurement period February 2009 to January 2010 (20 m height), monthly wind speed average 1.790 to 2.960 m/s, mean power density 11.730 to 45.044 W/m{sup 2}, Guadalupe Victoria, measurement period March 2009 to February 2010 (50 m height), monthly wind speed average 3.200 to 6.440 m/s, mean power density 37.024 to 241.968 W/m{sup 2}; and Santiago Papasquiaro, measurement period April to August 2009 (30 m height), monthly wind speed average 2.290 to 4.320 m/s, mean power density 23.313 to 127.353 W/m{sup 2}. [Spanish] Como parte de las actividades desarrolladas dentro del proyecto Laboratorio Nacional para la Evaluacion de los Recursos Energeticos Renovables en Mexico (LERM), se llevo a cabo la estimacion preliminar del potencial eolico en tres sitios de interes del estado de Durango, Lerdo (103 grados 31 minutis 28 segundos O, 25 grados 32 minutos 10 segundos N y 1140 m de altitud), Guadalupe Victoria (104 grados 07 minutos O, 24 grados 27 minutos N y 2000 m de altitud) y Santiago Papasquiaro (105 grados 25 minutos 09 segundos O, 25 grados 02 minutos 38 segundos N y 1720 m de altitud). Analizando la informacion obtenida en diferentes periodos de medicion se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: Lerdo, periodo de medicion de febrero de 2009 a enero de 2010 a 20 m de altura, velocidad promedio mensual del viento entre 1.790 y 2.960 m/s, densidad de potencia media entre 11.730 y 45

  16. Papeleros urbanos vs aseo del centro de Santiago de Chile.Impacto de las variables formales de los papeleros urbanos existentes en los paseos peatonales Ahumada y Huérfanos. /Waste containers vs. cleaning in downtown Santiago, Chile.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muñoz Peralta, Osvaldo

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available El diseño que presentan los papeleros urbanos de los paseos peatonales del centro de Santiago no facilita su uso adecuado, lo que contribuye a la suciedad de sus calles peatonales. Como elementos de mobiliario urbano en el espacio público, deberían tener un mejor diseño en orden a mejorar su función y facilitar su uso. /The urban trash cans design, on pedestrian walks in Santiago downtown, doesn't facilitate its appropriate use, what contributes to the dirt of its pedestrian streets. As part of urban furniture in public space, they should have a better design in order to improve their function and to facilitate their use.

  17. [Sociodemographic and clinical characteristic of the population attended in the Instituto Teletón de Santiago].

    Science.gov (United States)

    García P, Daniela; San Martín P, Pamela

    2015-01-01

    The Institutos Teletón care for 85% of the Chilean child population with neuromusculoskeletal disability, the large percentage concentrating in this population. However, there are no registers that enable a profile to be determined on this population. To determine the profile of patients attending the Instituto Teletón de Santiago during the year 2012. The sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed from the computerised records of the Instituto Teletón de Santiago on active patients who were seen during the year 2012. A total of 8,959 patients were seen during the study year in the Instituto Teletón de Santiago. As regards socioeconomic level, 33.3% were in extreme poverty, 28.7% to low-middle level. The main clinical diagnoses were cerebral palsy and other encephalopathies that also lead to motor disability, and accounted for 55.4% of the cases. As a result of determining this profile, it would be appropriate to encourage the need for a national register of the child population with disability, as well as their particular characteristics in order to make decisions on public policy, as a destination for funds or support programs. Copyright © 2015. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.

  18. La estrategia de liderazgo regional de la India a través de la cooperación sur-sur (2003-2012)

    OpenAIRE

    Jaime Garzón, Carlos Felipe

    2014-01-01

    La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar en qué medida la estrategia de liderazgo regional de la India ha sido impulsada a través de los programas y proyectos de cooperación sur-sur ofrecidos por este país en el periodo de 2003-2012. De igual forma se pretende indagar sobre el papel histórico que ha jugado la India en el establecimiento y posterior evolución de esta nueva forma de cooperación que ha sido vista por la mayoría de los académicos como un complemento de la cooperació...

  19. Sistema de recolección y tratamiento de las aguas residuales de la ciudad de Santiago (Veraguas, Panamá)

    OpenAIRE

    Orozco Ramírez, Eva

    2016-01-01

    El objeto del proyecto es dotar al municipio de Santiago de Veraguas (Panamá) de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales que trate de manera efectiva los vertidos de la ciudad. Las obras previstas consisten en el diseño y construcción del sistema recolección y tratamiento de las aguas residuales en el distrito de Santiago y así mejorar la calidad del medio ambiente con vistas a un desarrollo sostenible. De esta manera se deben cumplir los requerimientos impuestos por las leyes ...

  20. Comportamento epidemiológico da malária no Estado de Mato Grosso, 1980-2003 Epidemiological trends of malaria in the State of Mato Grosso, from 1980 to 2003

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    Marina Atanaka-Santos

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Descreveu-se a evolução temporal e espacial de malária em Mato Grosso, discriminadas em períodos de 1980-1985; 1986-1991; 1992-1997 e 1998-2003, distribuídas por microrregião homogênea. O índice parasitário anual do estado cresceu até 1992, reduzindo para 1,9 casos/mil habitantes em 2003; o coeficiente de mortalidade e a taxa de letalidade foram maiores nos anos de 1980 a 1989. Das 22 microrregiões, 13 apresentaram IPA inferior a 10 casos/1.000 habitantes em todos os períodos, ocorrendo concentração de casos nas microrregiões de Colíder, Alta Floresta, Aripuanã e Alto Guaporé. Em 2003, apenas a microrregião de Aripuanã persistia com IPA superior a 50 casos/1.000 habitantes. As microrregiões de Colíder, em 1983, 1985 a 1988 e 1990 e Alta Floresta, em 1991, apresentaram óbitos acima de 50/100.000 habitantes, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 20 a 49 anos. A distribuição da doença por microrregiões evidenciou que a malária é predominantemente focal.The temporal and spatial evolution of malaria in Mato Grosso was determined in periods from 1980-1985, 1986-1991, 1992-1997 and 1998-2003 and distributed by homogeneous microregion. The annual parasitic index of the state rose until 1992 and then diminished to 1.9 cases/1,000 inhabitants in 2003, the ratio of mortality and the lethality rate were greater in the 1980s. Of the 22 microregions, 13 presented an API inferior to 10 cases/1,000 inhabitants in all periods. Cases were concentrated in the microregions of Colíder, Alta Floresta, Aripuanã and Alto Guaporé. In 2003, only the microregion of Aripuanã continued to present an API superior to 50 cases/1,000 inhabitants. The microregions of Colíder, in 1983, 1985 to 1988 and 1990 and Alta Floresta, in 1991 presented deaths over 50/100,000 inhabitants, mainly in males aged 20-49 years. The distribution of the disease in microregions showed that malaria is predominantly found in concentrated sites.

  1. European Conference on Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications

    CERN Document Server

    Manguoğlu, Murat; Tezer-Sezgin, Münevver; Göktepe, Serdar; Uğur, Ömür

    2016-01-01

    The European Conference on Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications (ENUMATH), held every 2 years, provides a forum for discussing recent advances in and aspects of numerical mathematics and scientific and industrial applications. The previous ENUMATH meetings took place in Paris (1995), Heidelberg (1997), Jyvaskyla (1999), Ischia (2001), Prague (2003), Santiago de Compostela (2005), Graz (2007), Uppsala (2009), Leicester (2011) and Lausanne (2013). This book presents a selection of invited and contributed lectures from the ENUMATH 2015 conference, which was organised by the Institute of Applied Mathematics (IAM), Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, from September 14 to 18, 2015. It offers an overview of central recent developments in numerical analysis, computational mathematics, and applications in the form of contributions by leading experts in the field.

  2. Estudio del propoleos de Santiago del Estero, Argentina Estudo de própolis de Santiago del Estero, Argentina

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    Lucrecia Lucía Chaillou

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue determinar las características físico-químicas del propóleos de la provincia de Santiago del Estero. Las muestras se recolectaron de colmenas ubicadas en los departamentos Capital, Banda y Robles. Se determinaron: color, olor, sabor consistencia y aspecto. Las muestras por lo general, se presentaron en trozos irregulares con brillo, de estructura homogénea, consistencia dura. El color fue marrón oscuro, olor resinoso aromático y sabor picante. El porcentaje de impurezas mecánicas, cera y resinas se encuentran de valores normales. El índice de oxidación, las concentraciones de compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides y la actividad antibacteriana frente a Staphylococcus aureus permiten concluir que la calidad del propóleos de los departamentos estudiados es buena.O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi a determinação das caracteristicas físico-químicas de própolis de Santiago del Estero. As amostras foram coletadas de departamentos Capital, Banda e Robles. A cor, o odor, o sabor, a consistência e a aparência externa foram analisados. As impurezas mecânicas, a cera, a resina, o índice da oxidação, os compostos fenólicos e os flavonóides foram testados. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada. As amostras foram apresentadas com estrutura homogênea, em parcelas irregulares brilhantes e a consistência era dura ou pouco macia na maioria dos casos. A cor era marrom-escura e o aroma resinoso aromático e o sabor picante. Porcentagem das impurezas, das ceras, da resina estavam entre valores normais. O índice de oxidação, as concentrações de compostos fenólicos e de flavonóides e a atividade antimicrobiana na Staphylococcus aureus permitam concluir que a qualidade dos própolis de departamentos Capital, Banda e Robles é boa.

  3. Stroke mortality in São Paulo (1997-2003: a description using the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases Mortalidade pela doença cerebrovascular em São Paulo (1997-2003: descrição utilizando a Décima Classificação Internacional de Doenças

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    Paulo A. Lotufo

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Stroke mortality rates are higher in Brazil when compared to other countries. The city of São Paulo has a good system of mortality surveillance that allow us to describe the epidemiology of the stroke in the city. Our aim was to describe the stroke mortality pattern by gender and age characterizing the ischemic/ hemorrhagic ratio. We categorized mortality data by gender and a 10-year age-strata from 30-39 years-old to 70-79 years-old. To avoid random variations, we calculated the mean of all deaths occurred during the period of 1997 to 2003. Mortality rates were calculated using the population from the Brazilian National Census occurred in 2000. The proportion of deaths from all types of stroke related to all cardiovascular among women was higher when compared to men, mainly during middle-age. In other hand, the risk of stroke death is always higher among men during all ages. Ill-defined stroke certification is more common as underlying cause of death above the 60 years-old (40 per cent.Intracerebral hemorrhage was the most frequent cause of stroke death for both sexes from 30 to 59 years-old. Subarachnoideal hemorrhage was much more frequent as cause of death among women than in men. The ratio between ischemic/hemorrhagic (both subtypes was 0.59 for men and 0.56 for women. Concluding, the magnitude of hemorrhagic stroke is still higher in São Paulo city, with an special burden to middle-aged people for both gender.A mortalidade pela doença cerebrovascular (DCV é ainda elevada no Brasil quando comparada a outros países. O município de São Paulo tem um sistema de informação de mortalidade de boa qualidade que nos permite avaliar a epidemiologia da DCV. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o padrão por gênero e faixa etária do diferentes tipos de doença DCV. Para essa tarefa, as informações de mortalidade foram estratificadas por gênero e faixas etárias decenais desde os 30-39 anos de idade até os 70-79 anos de idade. Para evitar

  4. Hospital admissions for dental treatment among children with cleft lip and/or palate born between 1997 and 2003: an analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics in England.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fitzsimons, Kate J; Copley, Lynn P; Smallridge, Jacqueline A; Clark, Victoria J; van der Meulen, Jan H; Deacon, Scott A

    2014-05-01

    Children with clefts have an increased tendency for dental anomalies and caries. To determine the pattern of hospital admissions for dental treatment during primary dentition among children with clefts. Cohort study based on Hospital Episode Statistics, an administrative database of all admissions to National Health Service hospitals in England. Patients born alive between 1997 and 2003 who had both a cleft diagnosis and cleft repair were included. The number of hospital admissions for surgical removal of teeth, simple extraction of teeth, and restoration of teeth before the age of seven was examined. Eight hundred and fifty-eight hospital admissions for dental treatment among 6551 children (dental treatment. The presence of additional anomalies, having a more severe cleft type, and living in relatively deprived areas increased the risk of hospital admission. Factors increasing the risk of hospital admission among cleft children should be taken into account when planning services. Efforts to reduce the number of hospital admissions should be focused on disease prevention, particularly among those most at risk of caries. © 2013 BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  5. Rate of candidiasis among HIV-infected children in Spain in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (1997–2008)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-01

    Background Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The aim of our study was to estimate the candidiasis rate and evaluate its trend in HIV-infected children in Spain during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) compared to HIV-uninfected children. Methods We carried out a retrospective study. Data were obtained from the records of the Minimum Basic Data Set from hospitals in Spain. All HIV-infected children were under 17 years of age, and a group of HIV-uninfected children with hospital admissions matching the study group by gender and age were randomly selected. The follow-up period (1997–2008) was divided into three calendar periods: a) From 1997 to 1999 for early-period HAART; b) from 2000 to 2002 for mid-period HAART; and c) from 2003 to 2008 for late-period HAART. Results Among children with hospital admissions, HIV-infected children had much higher values than HIV-uninfected children during each of the three calendar periods for overall candidiasis rates (150.0 versus 6.1 events per 1,000 child hospital admissions/year (p candidiasis rate (events per 1,000 HIV-infected children/year) decreased from 1997–1999 to 2000–2002 (18.8 to 10.6; p candidiasis, both non-ICM and ICM rates experienced significant decreases from 1997–1999 to 2003–2008 (15.9 to 5.7 (p candidiasis rate still remains higher than in the general population (from 1997 to 2008), candidiasis diagnoses have decreased among HIV-infected children throughout the HAART era, and it has ceased to be a major health problem among children with HIV infection. PMID:23510319

  6. Formación de un enclave transnacional en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile

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    Carolina Stefoni

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available La llegada de inmigrantes a Chile ha transformado distintos lugares de Santiago, siendo un caso emblemático el sector de Plaza de Armas, centro histórico de la ciudad aquí analizado. Se sostiene que la concentración de actividades comerciales y prácticas cotidianas de los migrantes configuran un enclave transnacional. El objetivo del artículo es ofrecer un modelo de análisis que permita reconocer, describir y comprender el carácter transnacional que puede adquirir un espacio como el que se encuentra en la ciudad de Santiago. Utilizando el caso de los cibercafés emplazados dentro del enclave, se analizarán las prácticas y relaciones sociales, así como las materialidades que circulan y se desarrollan de manera transfronteriza. El objetivo es analizar cómo estas tres dimensiones configuran un modo de habitar que logra construir el carácter transnacional que adquiere el enclave.

  7. Cultural Identity and Citizenship in Poverty–Stricken Areas in Santiago, Chile

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    Cristian Cabalin

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Based on a qualitative study in La Victoria, a shantytown in Santiago de Chile with a long history of urban mobilization that goes back to the 50's, this paper examines how cultural identities shape political representation and contribute to social exclusion. The results suggest that the origins of the shantytown left an important imprint on its residents delineating their cultural identity in ways that limit their political and social integration.

  8. Ethnobotanical Research at the Kutukú Scientific Station, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bracco, Francesco; Cerna, Marco; Vita Finzi, Paola; Vidari, Giovanni

    2016-01-01

    This work features the results of an ethnobotanical study on the uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the region near to the Kutukú Scientific Station of Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, located in the Morona-Santiago province, southeast of Ecuador. In the surroundings of the station, one ethnic group, the Shuar, has been identified. The survey hereafter reports a total of 131 plant species, with 73 different therapeutic uses. PMID:28074189

  9. Ethnobotanical Research at the Kutukú Scientific Station, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jose Luis Ballesteros

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available This work features the results of an ethnobotanical study on the uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the region near to the Kutukú Scientific Station of Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, located in the Morona-Santiago province, southeast of Ecuador. In the surroundings of the station, one ethnic group, the Shuar, has been identified. The survey hereafter reports a total of 131 plant species, with 73 different therapeutic uses.

  10. Ethnobotanical Research at the Kutukú Scientific Station, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ballesteros, Jose Luis; Bracco, Francesco; Cerna, Marco; Vita Finzi, Paola; Vidari, Giovanni

    2016-01-01

    This work features the results of an ethnobotanical study on the uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the region near to the Kutukú Scientific Station of Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, located in the Morona-Santiago province, southeast of Ecuador. In the surroundings of the station, one ethnic group, the Shuar, has been identified. The survey hereafter reports a total of 131 plant species, with 73 different therapeutic uses.

  11. A five million year record of compositional variations in mantle sources to magmatism on Santiago, southern Cape Verde archipelago

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Barker, Abigail K.; Holm, Paul Martin; Peate, David W.

    2010-01-01

    High-precision Pb isotope data and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope data are presented together with major and trace element data for samples spanning the 4.6 Ma history of volcanism at Santiago, in the southern Cape Verde islands. Pb isotope data confirm the positive ¿8/4 signature of the southern islands...... indicating that the north-south compositional heterogeneity in the Cape Verde archipelago has persisted for at least 4.6 Ma. The Santiago volcanics show distinct compositional differences between the old, intermediate and young volcanics, and suggest greater involvement of an enriched mantle (EM1)-like...

  12. Diffuse CO2 fluxes from Santiago and Congro volcanic lakes (São Miguel, Azores archipelago)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andrade, César; Cruz, José; Viveiros, Fátima; Branco, Rafael

    2017-04-01

    Diffuse CO2 degassing occurring in Santiago and Congro lakes, both located in depressions associated to maars from São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal), was studied through detailed flux measurements. Four sampling campaigns were developed between 2013 and 2016 in each water body, split by the cold and wet seasons. São Miguel has an area of 744.6 km2, being the largest island of the archipelago. The geology of the island is dominated by three quiescent central volcanoes (Sete Cidades, Fogo and Furnas), linked by volcanic fissural zones (Picos and Congro Fissural Volcanic systems). The oldest volcanic systems of the island are located in its eastern part (Povoação-Nordeste). Santiago lake, with a surface area of 0.26 km2 and a depth of 30.5 m, is located inside a maar crater in the Sete Cidades volcano at an altitude of 355 m. The watershed of the lake has an area of 0.97 km2 and a surface flow estimated as 1.54x10 m3/a. A total of 1612 CO2 flux measurements using the accumulation chamber method were made at Santiago lake, 253 in the first campaign (November 2013), and 462, 475 and 422 in the three other campaigns, respectively, in April 2014, September 2016 and December 2016. The total CO2 flux estimated for this lake varies between 0.4 t d-1 and 0.59 t d-1, for the surveys performed, respectively, in November 2013 and September 2016; higher CO2 outputs of 1.57 and 5.87 t d-1 were calculated for the surveys carried out in April 2014 and December 2016. These higher CO2 emissions were associated with a period without water column stratification. Similarly to Santiago lake, Congro lake is located inside a maar, in the Congro Fissural Volcanic system, and has a surface area of 0.04 km2 with 18.5 m depth and a storage of about 2.4x105 m3/a. The lake, located at an altitude of 420 m, is fed by a watershed with an area of 0.33 km2 and a runoff estimated as about 8x104 m3/a. In Congro lake a total of 713 CO2 flux measurements were performed during four surveys from

  13. Thermal and lighting perception in four fully glazed office buildings in Santiago, Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudio Vásquez Záldivar

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper is part of a general research project whose main objective is to establish a baseline for post-occupancy energy consumption and indoor environmental quality for office buildings in Santiago, Chile. This study aims at understanding how architectonical variables relate to, and can even determine, user comfort perception.  Thus, one-year continuous monitoring in several floors at four office buildings was performed and seasonal surveys were completed.  Survey participants were asked a series of questions regarding spatial orientation and comfort perception in their workspace.The data from the comfort survey and onsite measurements such as season of the year, case study, type of workspace and possibility of an outdoor view from the workstation were contrasted with the components obtained by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA. Three components were selected from the PCA, and three Maps of Perception (MP were produced. These maps were then analyzed and interpreted so as to obtain information on the general perception of thermal and lighting comfort at workspaces within several office buildings in Santiago.

  14. El mestizaje creativo : Santiago Calatrava entre la arquitectura y la ingeniería

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Hernando Carrasco

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available El temprano reconocimiento internacional alcanzado por Santiago Calatrava es fruto tanto del interés y calidad de sus realizaciones como de su peculiar manera de abordarlas, pues en ellas compatibilizan recursos técnicos y formales arquitectónicos e ingenieriles. El resultado de este mestizaje se concreta en unos objetos en los que la condición tecnológica se conjuga con la formal. En el presente texto se repasan sintéticamente los materiales y los elementos del proyecto de los que se sirve y que hacen posibles tales resultados.The early International recognition reached by Santiago Calatrava is not only due to the quality and interest of his works, but also to his peculiar way to tackie them, because technical and formal architectural resources and engineering means are combined in his works. The result of this mixture is materialized in things where the technological nature matches the formal one. In this text we briefly revise the componets ofprojects and materials which are used by him to make this results possible.

  15. Pilgrimage and Pilgrim Hierarchies in Vernacular Discourse: Comparative Notes from the Camino de Santiago and Glastonbury

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tiina Sepp

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false This article is based on my fieldwork conducted in two important destinations in the spiritual landscape of European vernacular religion – the Camino de Santiago (pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela in northern Spain, and Glastonbury in southwest England. In this comparison between modern expressions of pilgrimage, I look into the power relationships that exist on the pilgrimage, describe how hierarchies of pilgrims are created and maintained, and reflect on the meaning of the words pilgrim and pilgrimage. The co-existence of the different belief systems of Christianity and New Age and the conflicts and tension between them will be explored. I will also examine discourse around competing male and female energies. 

  16. Pablo Verani y la UCR rionegrina. Consolidación de prácticas de patronazgo político y de relaciones clientelares, 1983-2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iuorno, Graciela

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available El radicalismo fue el partido de gobierno en la Provincia de Río Negro, desde 1983 a 2011, año en el que el Frente para Victoria obtuvo un rotundo triunfo en alianza con el Frente Grande. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar las prácticas políticas desplegadas por dirigentes y militantes radicales que acompañaron el proceso de construcción de hegemonía y de consolidación de prácticas de patronazgo que condujeron al dirigente roquense Pablo Verani desde la intendencia de Roca a partir de la re-institucionalización en el país, a las dos gestiones de gobierno -1995-2003- y el modo de representación política, contribuyendo a configurar el sistema de partido predominante en Río Negro. En el caso de este articulo nos ocupamos de analizar la construcción de liderazgo de y de las relaciones clientelares desarrolladas desde la Intendencia durante dos periodos (1983-1991; más adelante desde la vice- gobernación y finalmente en la gobernación por dos periodos consecutivos.

  17. Insomnio, latencia al sueño y cantidad de sueño en estudiantes universitarios chilenos durante el periodo de clases y exámenes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samuel Durán Agüero

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo:Determinar los factores asociados a la cantidad de horas de sueño, somnolenciadiurna e insomnio antes y durante un periodo de clases y exámenes.Material y métodos:Se evaluó a 384 alumnos de ambos sexos (74,1% mujeres, quienesreportaron su peso y estatura. A cada estudiante se le aplicó el Cuestionario de Insomnio y laEscala De Somnolencia de Epworth en el periodo de clases y periodo de exámenes.Resultados:Al comparar la somnolencia diurna, insomnio, latencia al sueño y cantidad dehoras de sueño entre periodo de clases y exámenes se observó un incremento en la latencia alsueño (p<0,05 durante los exámenes. Al realizar la comparación según estado nutricional seobservó, en el caso de las mujeres, que aquellas que presentan sobrepeso/obesidad tienen unamenor cantidad de horas de sueño en ambos periodos (p<0,05; en hombres, los que presentansobrepeso/obesidad tienen una mayor somnolencia diurna en exámenes (p<0,01. Al realizarla regresión logística tomando como variable dependiente somnolencia diurna, en mujeres seincrementa el riesgo de somnolencia diurna:OR=3,1 (IC95 % 1,1-8,8; en cambio, la ausenciade insomnio es un factor protector para somnolencia diurna:OR=0,06 (IC95 % 0,01-0,35.Conclusión:En periodo de exámenes se incrementa significativamente la latencia al sueño, enespecial en mujeres; en hombres se observa una disminución de las horas de sueño. Finalmente, las mujeres presentan un mayor riesgo de somnolencia diurna; en cambio, la ausencia deinsomnio es un factor protector. Ni el estado nutricional ni el consumo de cafeína se asociaroncon problemas de sueño.

  18. Chemical characterization and source identification of airborne particular matter in Santiago, Chile

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cortes, Eduardo

    1997-01-01

    A long term study on the behaviour and chemical characterization of airbone particulate matter (APM) in Santiago, Chile, has been undertaken. This study uses neutron activation analysis (NAA), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), proton induced x-ray emission (PIXE) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) Collection of APM in Santiago and a rural site was carried out using PM-10 Ghent Sample Collector. The analytical data was interptreted in two ways. On one hand, factor analysis applied to the data to detect elements with similar behaviour and probably of the same origin. On the other hand, the data obtained from the urban residential sites were compared to that of the rural station. Analytical quality control for NAA, XRF and AAS was based, mainly, in the exchange of samples among laboratories. For this purpose, a set of special samples were collected simultaneously To determine if the material on the membrane was distributed homogeneouly, a collimated x-ray beam was used to survey the distribution of the element Fe on the filter. A total of 18 elements were measured in the samples collected in the three mentioned stations. In addition, black carbon was measured using a smoke stain reflectometer. The fine fraction mass correlates quite well with black carbon. Lead and Br also correlates well and Al, Fe and Si also show similar behaviour. These last elements, which are attributed a natural origin, soil, show no large difference between the urban and rural sites. The elements As, Cu and S correlates quite well which could indicate a common origin. This is particular interesting since there might be a possible contribution of copper smelters located rather far (100 Km) from Santiago to the airbone particulate matter of the city. Factor analysis was performed with the data and the results of this study confirms the correlations mentioned above and clearly distinguish four factors. These factors can be attibuted to car and buses emissions, soil, biomass burning and, possible

  19. Spatial Analysis of Macro Economic in Central Java (PDRB Analysis in Year 1993-2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eddy Kiswanto

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper aims to study the spatial analysis macroeconomics condition in central Java from 1993-2001 base on PDRB analysis. Central Java stands in the last position in the economic in Central Java based on PDRB variable and economic growth is in the lowest category in the comparation with another provinces in Java. This is reason why Central Java is categorized as "LL" (Low low. One of the prime sectors in Central Java is small medium scale enterprises which is dominated 30% of national market, but since the economic crisis stroke in 1997 the manufacture sector, especially industry and processing had collapse. In 1996-1997, the level of manufacture growth increased to 14.4% but then decreased until minus 19.3%. This condition caused by bankruptcy to many of the industries. The poverty profile in Central Java from 1999-2003 is average 23.3% from the total population every years. Central Java stepping to number 2 in level of poverty absolute number 1. In poverty relativity level, Central Java became number 1 in Java from 2002-2003 with the level of poverty reached above the national average. This fact shows the unsuccessfully effort in reducing the poverty level.

  20. Principales características clinicoepidemiológicas de pacientes con fibrosis quística en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba Main clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients with cystic fibrosis in Santiago de Cuba province

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kenia Guzmán Pileta

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal durante el 2008 para determinar las principales características clinicoepidemiológicas de los 34 pacientes con fibrosis quística en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, atendidos por el Grupo Provincial de esta especialidad. En la casuística primaron las siguientes variables: sexo masculino, piel amarilla, procedentes del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, bajo peso, con síntomas y diagnóstico de la enfermedad en la primera década de la vida e infección respiratoria; esta última como principal complicación. Entre los síntomas más frecuentes figuraron: tos, expectoración, dolor abdominal, apetito voraz, así como forma mixta según tipo de presentación, que fue además la causante del mayor número de ingresos; entre los resultados de otras pruebas predominaron, por citar algunos: disfunción ventilatoria obstructiva moderada, mutación genética DF 508 homocigótico, así como aislamiento de la Pseudomonas aeuruginosa en el esputo y estreptococo beta hemolítico en el exudado nasofaríngeo.A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out during 2008 in order to determine the main clinical-epidemiological characteristics of 34 patients with cystic fibrosis in Santiago de Cuba province assisted by the Provincial Group of this field. In the case material, the following variables: male sex, yellow skin, residents in Santiago de Cuba municipality, low weight, presenting symptoms and the diagnosis of a disease during the first decade of life and respiratory infection, the latter as main complication, were relevant. Among the symptoms, the most frequent were cough, expectoration, abdominal pain, voracious appetite, as well as the mixed form according to the occurrence type which also was the cause of the major number of admissions. Among the results of some other tests, just for quoting some examples, mild obstructive breathing malfunction, homozygotic DF 508 genetic mutation as well as

  1. Impacto del reintegro tributario en los estados financieros de una empresa comercializadora de productos avícolas en el periodo 2007- 2009

    OpenAIRE

    Fernandez Ruíz, Sussann Lizbeth; Vásquez Del Águila, Juan Carlos

    2011-01-01

    El objetivo fue determinar el impacto del reintegro tributario en los estados financieros de la Empresa Comercializadora de productos avícolas "Don Pollo" de la ciudad de !quitos durante el periodo 2007-2009. La investigación fue documental, retrospectiva y de diseño descriptivo. La población estuvo constituida por el conjunto de estados financieros de la empresa comercializadora de productos avícolas "Don Pollo" y la muestra estuvo conformada por los estados financieros del periodo 2007-2009...

  2. A retrospective assessment of the effectiveness of radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroid patients from 1997 to 2003 in the north-eastern region of Poland

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Budlewski, T.; Rogowski, F.; Szumowski, P.; Parfienczyk, A.; Sopotyk, A.; Kociura-Sawicka, A.; Abdelrazek, S.

    2005-01-01

    Full text: The first clinical studies concerning treatment of hyperthyroid patients with 131-I date back as far as 1941. However, it was the following years that brought a wide application of these methods. In Podlasie region (north-eastern Poland) radioiodine treatment was first introduced in 1997. Hyperthyroidism in this region affects about 1.5% of population. The number of new patients is about 3,500 per year. Because iodine deficiency is high in this region, toxic nodular goitre rather than Graves' disease tends to be the main cause of hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study was a retrospective analysis of the results of radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroid patients from 1997 to 2003. From 1997 to 2003, 4913 hyperthyroid patients underwent treatment with 131-I (131-I Polatom, Swierk) in the Nuclear Medicine Department of the Medical University of Bialystok. The tested group included: 2106 patients with single solitary nodule, 1968 with multinodular goitre and 839 with Graves' disease. The diagnosis was made on the basis of physical examination and biochemical test results including TSH, fT4 and fT3. All patients had scintigraphic studies with 24 and 48 h uptake of 131-I. They also underwent ultrasound scans to enable assessment of the goitre size and to discover the nodules. All patients with nodules revealed by physical examination and ultrasound scans had biopsy performed under ultrasonographic control. The therapeutic doses of 131-I were calculated on the basis of iodine uptake, goitre size and an assumed absorbed dose. Marinnneli's formula was applied. The assumed absorbed doses were diversified according to the cause of hyperthyroidism and the size of goitre, and ranged from 80 to 350 Gy. In case of small goitres the absorbed doses varied from 80 to 100 Gy. In case of Graves' disease - from 80 to 150 Gy, in solitary nodules from 200 to 350 Gy. 131-I was given to patients orally in capsules. The administered therapeutic doses ranged from 200 mCi to 800 m

  3. Santiago de Chile, ¿ejemplo de una reestructuración capitalista global?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Fuentes

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Términos como "ciudad global", "ciudad difusa", "ciudad dual", entre otros, merecen ser rediscutidos y contrastados con el proceso de transformaciones experimentado por Santiago de Chile producto de la reestructuración capitalista. En este sentido, este trabajo pretende discutir acerca de la conveniencia de otorgar a la capital de Chile éstos y otros adjetivos frecuentemente utilizados en la literatura urbanística internacional.

  4. Breaking Resilient Patterns of Inequality in Santiago de Chile: Challenges to Navigate towards a More Sustainable City

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignacio C. Fernández

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Resilience can have desirable and undesirable consequences. Thus, resilience should not be viewed as a normative desirable goal, but as a descriptor of complex systems dynamics. From this perspective, we apply resilience thinking concepts to assess the dynamics of inequality, spatial segregation, and sustainability in Chile’s capital city of Santiago. Chile’s economy boosted since democracy was restored in 1990, but continuity of neoliberal reforms and transformations of Pinochet’s dictatorship (1973–1990 seem to have locked Chilean cities in resilient, albeit unsustainable, patterns of uneven development. Socio-economic data from Santiago shows highly resilient patterns of urban inequality and segregation from 1992 to 2009 despite democratic efforts, political agendas and discourses packed with calls for reducing poverty and inequality. We present a conceptual model based on the notion of stability landscapes to explore potential trade-offs between resilience and sustainable development. We mapped Santiago’s spatio-temporal inequality trends and explored if these patterns support an inequality-resilience stability landscape. Analysis of temporal and spatial distribution of development assets across four human development dimensions (i.e., income, education, health, democracy revealed potential socio-political and spatial feedbacks supporting the resilience of inequality and segregation in Santiago. We argue that urban sustainability may require breaking this resilience, a process where bottom-up stressors such as social movements could play a key role.

  5. Developing Strategies for Waste Reduction by Means of Tailored Interventions in Santiago De Cuba

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tobias, Robert; Brugger, Adrian; Mosler, Hans-Joachim

    2009-01-01

    This article introduces an approach to tailoring behavior-change campaigns to target populations using the example of solid waste reduction in Santiago de Cuba. Tailoring is performed in the following steps: (1) Psychological constructs are selected to detect problems in performing the target behavior, and data are gathered on these constructs.…

  6. Technical project of a solar water heating system for Hostal FRATERNIDAD, Santiago de Cuba

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arzuaga Machado, Yusnel; Torres Ten, Alonso; Fonseca Fonseca, Susana; Fuetes lombá, Osmanys; Massipe Hernández, J. Raúl; Gonzalez, Wagner Roberto

    2017-01-01

    It is presented the technical project of a solar water heating system for Hostal FRATERNIDAD, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, 20 Cabannas type tourism and a one of 2 square meter flat solar collector will be used, with a storage tank of 200 liters capacity, that is to say one system per cabin. (author)

  7. [Women in labor and migration. The female labor market between 1950 and 1990 and migration of women to Santiago, Chile].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Szasz, I

    1994-06-01

    Changes in the volume of female migration to Santiago and in the employment patterns of migrant women are analyzed in relationship to changes in the female labor market from 1950 onward, with special emphasis on the years 1970-90. Data sources include published works, the censuses of 1952 to 1982, a 1962 survey on in-migration to Santiago, employment surveys conducted by the University of Chile and the National Institute of Statistics, special tabulations for subsamples of the 1970 and 1982 censuses, and household employment survey information from the fourth quarter of 1993. In 1973 Chile embarked on a process of structural adjustments that affected social expenditures and employment, profoundly modifying urban labor markets. The Chilean economy is currently in a phase of consolidating its productive transformation, with positive results for economic growth and recuperation of employment, but with no reduction of poverty. The explanation of the growth in poverty should be sought in modifications in the conditions of employment of the Chilean population during the productive transformation. Modernization processes such as increased education and access to fertility control contributed to an increase in the number of highly educated women in nonmanual occupations in Santiago, but have not significantly influenced the volume or direction of female migration or modified the disadvantageous occupational profile of migrant women. Gender considerations including cultural norms governing female sexual behavior and nuptiality appear to exercise a decisive influence on the occupational status of migrant women in Santiago. Low status, single women migrating to Santiago have been concentrated in domestic service in part because of their need to find work providing safe living quarters. After 1975, migrant women encountered an increasing proportion of urban women working and looking for work and a structural transformation of domestic service marked by massive absorption of

  8. Informality wears uniform: Beauty salons’ workers in Santiago, Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosario Palacios Ruiz de Gamboa

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available This article examines how flexible work economy has been affecting a group of beauty salons’ workers in Santiago, Chile. They do not have a work contract and receive their payment as if they were giving an independent service, but depend on the rules their bosses impose them. The kind of work described in the article appears to be a new arrangement within the context of urban informality, which has present and future implications regarding social security and uncertainty. Drawing on ethnographic observation in four beauty salons, I describe how the embodied belief of being an independent worker helps to enact many skills required by the flexible work economy.

  9. Geochemical stratigraphy of submarine lavas (3-5 Ma) from the Flamengos Valley, Santiago, Cape Verde

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Barker, Abigail K; Holm, Paul Martin; Peate, David W.

    2009-01-01

    New high-precision Pb-Sr-Nd isotope, major and trace element and mineral chemistry data are presented for the submarine stage of ocean island volcanism on Santiago, one of the southern islands of the Cape Verde archipelago. Pillow basalts and hyaloclastites in the Flamengos Valley are divided...

  10. Staying in the Global City: Patterns of Luxury Hotel Localization in Santiago de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Hidalgo

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Chile, for a long time a backwater of international tourism, is about to turn itself into a top–end destination, with the capital Santiago taking a leading role. In recent decades, international chains have constructed numerous luxury hotels aimed at the requirements of international city and business tourists. The continuing bicentric orientation of the city (core city and ‘modern town’, which has withstood all fragmentation processes, has led to a polycentric distribution of luxury hotels, with the largest, most expensive and most luxurious hotels situated in the ‘modern town’. The airport, the innovation centers and business parks, as well as the city center, have also seen investment. When compared with models of hotel localization in cities, it is evident that Santiago has overcome the traditional model of city tourism under the influence of globalization trends. Today the needs of global travelers, both city and business tourists, transport links and the surroundings of the hotels play an important role. This is reflected in the pricing structure and the distribution of luxury hotels across the city.

  11. Towards inclusive governance of hazardous activities, synthesis of the conclusions of the 2001-2003 Trustnet activities

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Heriard-Dubreuil, G.

    2004-01-01

    TRUSTNET is a European pluralistic think tank network on the governance of hazardous activities since 1997. It is involving the participation of some 150 key decision makers, stakeholders and experts at European, national and local levels in activities having impact on health and the environment. The participants of TRUSTNET are representatives of public authorities at national and European levels, industry, trade unions, local governments, NGOs. They are also consumers or lay citizens, together with a multidisciplinary group of experts in risk management, public health, political sciences, sociology, psychology, economics, law and ethics. TRUSTNET is supported by the European Commission (DG- Research - Radiation protection) as a Concerted Action. The work programme of TRUSTNET is based on a participatory methodology and a co-expertise of actual case studies involving experts and non-experts. From 1997 to 1999, TRUSTNET has identified the severe difficulties and multiple social blockages affecting the credibility, effectiveness and legitimacy of traditional regulatory framework of hazardous activities. It has also identified emerging features of inclusive risk governance as a major opportunity for overcoming the observed difficulties. The conclusions of the 1997-1999 exercise have been reported in 2000 in the 'TRUSTNET Framework: a New Perspective on Risk Governance'. From 2001 to 2003, TRUSTNET has carried on the reflection and more specifically investigated the possible strategies for implementing in Europe inclusive governance in the various activities entailing risks for health and the environment. The presentation ('Towards Inclusive Governance') will outline presenting the main conclusions of this 2001-2003 exercise. (author)

  12. Concurso Internacional: “Área de remodelación en el centro de Santiago de Chile” - U.I.A. 1972. Primer Premio. Galería fotográfica. / International competition: “Redevelopment area in down town Santiago – Chile” – U.I.A. 1972. First prize. Photo Gallery.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Revista de Urbanismo (M.I.Pavez Co-Ed.

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Revista de Urbanismo presenta una compilación de imágenes referidas al Concurso Internacional: “Área de remodelación en el centro de Santiago de Chile” - U.I.A. 1972. Ella ha sido realizada a partir de los archivos profesionales del arquitecto Emilio Sessa (por su gentileza desde Argentina, y del arquitecto Juan Parrochia B., (en la Colección “Juan Parrochia Beguin”, Archivo Nacional de Chile, DIBAM. También se presenta imágenes en AUCA N° 24/25, Santiago de Chile, 1973; en SUMMA, N°57, Buenos Aires, Argentina, marzo de 1975, y finalmente, una fotografía aérea vertical en Google Earth, mayo de 2011. Otras fotografías de interés han sido realizadas por M.I. Pavez R. y Diego Vallejos O., en mayo de 2011. /Revista de Urbanismo presents a compilation of images referring to the International Competition "Redevelopment area in downtown Santiago de Chile" - UIA 1972. It compiles the architect's professional files of Emilio Sessa (by courtesy from Argentina, and Juan Parrochia B., (from the collection "Juan Parrochia Beguin", National Archives of Chile, DIBAM. It also presents images from AUCA No. 24/25, Santiago de Chile, 1973, and from SUMMA N°57, Buenos Aires, Argentina, March 1975, and finally, a vertical aerial photography in Google Earth, May 2011. Other photos of interest have been carried out by M.I. Pavez R. and Diego Vallejos O., in May 2011.

  13. Arrow Lakes Reservoir Fertilization Experiment; Years 4 and 5, Technical Report 2002-2003.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schindler, E.

    2007-02-01

    This report presents the fourth and fifth year (2002 and 2003, respectively) of a five-year fertilization experiment on the Arrow Lakes Reservoir. The goal of the experiment was to increase kokanee populations impacted from hydroelectric development on the Arrow Lakes Reservoir. The impacts resulted in declining stocks of kokanee, a native land-locked sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), a key species of the ecosystem. Arrow Lakes Reservoir, located in southeastern British Columbia, has undergone experimental fertilization since 1999. It is modeled after the successful Kootenay Lake fertilization experiment. The amount of fertilizer added in 2002 and 2003 was similar to the previous three years. Phosphorus loading from fertilizer was 52.8 metric tons and nitrogen loading from fertilizer was 268 metric tons. As in previous years, fertilizer additions occurred between the end of April and the beginning of September. Surface temperatures were generally warmer in 2003 than in 2002 in the Arrow Lakes Reservoir from May to September. Local tributary flows to Arrow Lakes Reservoir in 2002 and 2003 were generally less than average, however not as low as had occurred in 2001. Water chemistry parameters in select rivers and streams were similar to previous years results, except for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations which were significantly less in 2001, 2002 and 2003. The reduced snow pack in 2001 and 2003 would explain the lower concentrations of DIN. The natural load of DIN to the Arrow system ranged from 7200 tonnes in 1997 to 4500 tonnes in 2003; these results coincide with the decrease in DIN measurements from water samples taken in the reservoir during this period. Water chemistry parameters in the reservoir were similar to previous years of study except for a few exceptions. Seasonal averages of total phosphorus ranged from 2.11 to 7.42 {micro}g/L from 1997 through 2003 in the entire reservoir which were indicative of oligo-mesotrophic conditions

  14. Elección de fluidos en el periodo perioperatorio del trasplante renal

    OpenAIRE

    Alejandro Gonzalez-Castro; María Ortiz-Lasa; Yhivian Peñasco; Camilo González; Carmen Blanco; Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Borregan

    2017-01-01

    El suero salino normal (SSN) ha sido clásicamente el fluido de resucitación elegido en el periodo perioperatorio del trasplante renal frente a aquellas soluciones balanceadas con potasio. Sin embargo, los problemas derivados de la hipercloremia desencadenada por la infusión de SSN han llevado a la realización de estudios que comparaban esta solución con los fluidos equilibrados. Mediante la presente revisión narrativa se deduce que el uso de cristaloides balanceados con contenido de potasio e...

  15. Anidación de la tortuga Dermochelys coriacea (Testudines: Dermochelyidae en playa Gandoca, Costa Rica (1990 a 1997

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Didiher Chacón Chaverri

    1999-06-01

    Full Text Available La anidación de la tortuga baula fue estudiada en playa Gandoca, una importante playa de anidación de tortugas marinas localizada al sureste de la costa Caribeña de Costa Rica, dentro de los límites del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca/Manzanillo (82° 37' O, 09° 37' N. Entre 1990 y 1997, se desarrollaron campañas de observación de la anidación entre los meses de febrero a julio de cada año; 16 variables de la anidación fueron anotadas y una parte de la colonia fue marcada con marcas monel y 3 484 nidos fueron encontrados; durante este periodo se depositaron un promedio de 534 nidos por temporada, 1,135 nidos fue el máximo de anidación anual, mientras que 226 nidos fue el mínimo, el 20.8% de los nidos fueron relocalizados en los viveros. El promedio de la longitud curva del caparazón de las hembras fue de 154.65 cm y el promedio del ancho curvo del caparazón fue de 112.83 cm. Las observaciones mostraron que el promedio de huevos normales para este periodo fue de 79.28, mientras que el promedio de huevos vanos fue de 35. La recolección ilegal de huevos, la basura sobre la playa y la erosión intensiva son parte de los problemas más importantes que están causando el declive de las tortugas en Gandoca.The nesting of the leatherback sea turtle was studied in Gandoca Beach, an important nesting beach on the southeastern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, in the Gandoca/Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge. Nesting was recorded from 1990 to 1997 (each February through July. Nesting peaked in April and May (depending on the year; 16 biological paramenters were recorded and part of the rookery was tagged with monel tags. During this period 1 045 females were studied and 3 484 nests were recorded; 534 nests was the yearly mean, (range 226-1 135, 20.8 % of the nests were relocated to hatcheries, as a conservation effort to prevent loss of nests. Mean curve carapace length was 154.65 cm and width 112.83 cm. Mean normal number of eggs

  16. Quality control to the service of diagnostic radiology in policlinics and hospitals of Santiago de Cuba

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grinnan Torres, Reinaldo; Parra Caboberde, Hector; Semanat Sanchez, Lino A.

    2002-01-01

    The work presents the results obtained in the Quality Control in diagnostic X-ray equipment accomplished in 33 clinics of Santiago de Cuba city. The performed test were, to the X-ray generator, X-ray tube, devices collimation and alignment, as well as to the light boxes, dark rooms, and radiographic screen-film combinations. Moreover the work presents the results of the Entrance Doses for a reference patient in radiographic projections of frequent use in clinics of Santiago de Cuba city (chest, lumbar spine, abdomen, and pelvis). For the evaluation of the verified technical parameters were used the tolerance criterions recommended by the Technical Guide elaborated by the State Control Centre of Medical of Cuba. In the case of the Entrance Dose were used the dose levels that recommended by the International Basic Safety Standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for safety of radiation sources

  17. Mercado metropolitano de trabajo y desigualdades sociales en el Gran Santiago: ¿Una ciudad dual?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos A. de Mattos

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Los cambios estructurales en los mercados metropolitanos de trabajo bajo los procesos de reestructuración-informacionalización-globalización, se han situado como un tema central para el estudio de la transformación de las ciudades durante las últimas décadas. Desde esta perspectiva, el presente trabajo analiza los impactos que los procesos de modernización capitalista en Chile han tenido sobre su mercado de trabajo y sobre la evolución de la distribución del ingreso, y sobre esta base, observa sus efectos sobre la estructuración socio-territorial del Gran Santiago, discutiendo especialmente la pertinencia de la tesis de la dualización para este caso particular. Para ello, en una primera parte se esbozan los rasgos fundamentales de esta tesis, se analizan los fundamentos con los que ha sido presentada y las causas que se le atribuyen. En la segunda parte se revisan las principales transformaciones producidas en esta fase de modernización capitalista en Chile, y la evolución de las desigualdades sociales y la segregación urbana en el Gran Santiago a la luz de las transformaciones producidas en su mercado de trabajo. En la tercera y última parte, se plantea la discusión sobre la aplicabilidad de la tesis de la dualización al caso chilenoStructural changes in metropolitan labour markets under the process of reestructutration-informationalization-globalization, had become a central issue for the study of the transformation of the cities during the last decades. According to this perspective, this article analizes the impacts that the capitalist modernization in Chile has had on their labor market and the evolution of income distribution, and upon this base, observes their effects on socio-territorial estructuration of the Great Santiago, specially discussing the pertinence of the dualization theory for this particular case. For that, main characteristics of this theory are drawn; at the same time, the basis with that has been

  18. Santiago Ramón y Cajal and three-dimensional cinema.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santarén, Juan Fernández

    2015-01-01

    In this article, I present and comment on two unpublished letters written by the Spanish engineer Carlos Mendizábal Brunet to Santiago Ramón y Cajal informing him of the development of a new device for three-dimensional cinema and asking for his approval. Fortunately, the answers given by Cajal to these two letters have also been preserved, and they reveal his interest in three-dimensional cinema; in the letters, he reported that he himself had designed a prototype capable of creating on a screen a feeling of 3-D relief, a subject about which he was always passionate.

  19. Assessment of urban vulnerability towards floods using an indicator-based approach – a case study for Santiago de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Müller

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Regularly occurring flood events do have a history in Santiago de Chile, the capital city of Chile and study area for this research. The analysis of flood events, the resulting damage and its causes are crucial prerequisites for the development of risk prevention measures. The goal of this research is to empirically investigate the vulnerability towards floods in Santiago de Chile as one component of flood risk. The analysis and assessment of vulnerability is based on the application of a multi-scale (individual, household, municipal level set of indicators and the use of a broad range of data. The case-specific set of indicators developed in this study shows the relevant variables and their interrelations influencing the flood vulnerability in the study area. It provides a decision support tool for stakeholders and allows for monitoring and evaluating changes over time. The paper outlines how GIS, census, and remote sensing data as well as household surveys and expert interviews are used as an information base for the derivation of a vulnerability map for two municipalities located in the eastern part of Santiago de Chile. The generation of vulnerability maps representing the two different perspectives of local decision makers (experts and affected households is exemplified and discussed using the developed methodology.

  20. Frequent sea-ice breakup in Lutzow-Holmbukta, Antarctica, based on analysis of ice condition from 1980 to 2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shuki Ushio

    2003-11-01

    Full Text Available The history of sea-ice breakup in Lutzow-Holmbukta, Antarctica, has been investigated for the period 1980-2003. Though spatial and temporal scales for breakups are different among each event, breakup phenomena have occurred at least 19 times. The geographical sites of breakups are almost the same in the bay and commencement is usually in autumn. In particular, the 1997/1998 event covered a wide area and was of long duration. Since then, autumn to early winter breakup has continued until winter 2003. It is suggested that a southerly wind field, small snow depth and mild winter prior to the breakup are factors which favor breakup events.

  1. Endocarditis infecciosa: experiencia quirúrgica en el Cardiocentro de Santiago de Cuba Infectious endocarditis: surgical experience at the Cardiology Center of Santiago de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frank Josué Perdomo García

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo y transversal, de 104 pacientes intervenidos en el Cardiocentro del Hospital Provincial Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Saturnino Lora" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 1988 hasta diciembre del 2008, por presentar endocarditis infecciosa. Entre los hallazgos sobresalió el predominio del grupo etario de 15-45 años, del sexo masculino, de la cardiopatía reumática como factor predisponerte, de la forma de presentación séptico-infecciosa, de los estafilococos como gérmenes y de los hemocultivos negativos. La disfunción valvular fue la principal indicación quirúrgica, seguida de la insuficiencia cardíaca. La mortalidad representó 16,3 %, atribuible fundamentalmente al fallo multiorgánico por sepsis y al bajo gasto cardiaco. Los resultados de estas operaciones son buenos en la mencionada institución.A descriptive cross-sectional and epidemiological study was carried out in 104 patients operated due to infectious endocarditis at the Cardiology Center of the "Saturnino Lora "Provincial Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba from January 1988 to December 2008. Among the findings was the prevalence of the 15-45 year-old patients, male sex, rheumatic heart disease as predisposing factor, and septic and infectious presentation, staphylococci as pathogens and negative blood cultures. Valve disease was the main surgical indication followed by heart failure. The mortality was 16,3 % attributable mainly to multiorgan failure due to sepsis and to the low cardiac output. The results of these interventions are favorable in that institution.

  2. The I.R.S.N.-2003 model of Chernobylsk accident fallout in France; Le modele IRSN 2003 des retombees de l'accident de Tchernobyl en France

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aurengo, A

    2005-12-15

    In conclusion, the whole of the method impreciseness, the sometime important variation between the very simplifying hypothesis used and the available data ( especially for the air contamination and the fallout of nuclear tests), the variations between the results of the model and the measurements, its incompatible results with these ones exposed and validated in the report I.P.S.N.-1997, lead to consider that the I.R.S.N.-2003 model does not allow a reliable quantitative estimation of Chernobylsk fallout and let alone the dosimetry estimations for which it has been used. (N.C.)

  3. How Did the Asian Stock Markets React to Bank Mergera after the 1997 Financial Crisis?

    OpenAIRE

    Meslier-Crouzille , Céline; Lepetit , Laetitia; Bautista , Carlos C.

    2008-01-01

    International audience; The objective of this paper is to empirically assess the stock market reaction to the announcement of bank mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in eight East Asian countries over the 1997-2003 period. M&As are classified according to the status of entity, the time period of the deal and the maturity of the banking system. A bivariate GARCH model is used to estimate abnormal returns taking beta conditional variability into account. We find that the market reacted negatively ...

  4. Walking Meditation: Being Present and Being Pilgrim on the Camino de Santiago

    OpenAIRE

    Alison T. Smith

    2018-01-01

    The Camino de Santiago has witnessed an unprecedented number of walkers in recent years. Traditionalists feel that the Camino is suffering from excess—too many visitors and too much strain on the infrastructure, accompanied by an ignorance of what it means to be an “authentic” pilgrim. Contemporary pilgrims often use ancillary services to transport their bags, approaching the Camino as an athletic event or a holiday excursion. For scholars and people of faith, these superficial attitudes to t...

  5. Santiago de Cuba: between july 1955 and november 1956

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Pevida-Pupo

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This article analyzes the historical context of the city of Santiago de Cuba in the months prior to November 30, 1956, when the armed uprising took place in support of the landing of the Granma yacht expedition led by Fidel Castro Ruz; The material and human assurances made by the 26th of July Revolutionary Movement (MR-26-7 to provide all possible assistance to those arriving at the coast of the country; Among this action is the making of uniforms and the location of medical kits. It also emphasizes the role played by young teacher Frank País García at the front of the plan drawn up months before 

  6. National Geographic en España (1997-2007

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vicente Domínguez, Aída María de

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available En español: La investigación tiene como objeto de estudio aportar la historia de la edición en español de la revista National Geographic en su primera década de existencia (1997-2007, y analizar su evolución en este periodo cronológico. La metodología ha consistido en una revisión bibliográfica en repertorios, catálogos, metabuscadores, y diversas bases de datos (Teseo, TDR, Dialnet, Compludoc, Rebiun, CSIC, junto a una entrevista personal y exclusiva al director de la revista en España, Josep Cabello. Tras recopilar los datos históricos, para analizar su evolución (contenidos, publicidad, difusión y suscriptores, se han tomado como base de estudio los datos aportados por la Oficina de Justificación de la Difusión y otros elaborados por la analista. Los resultados aportan la historia de la revista, y desvelan que la edición española de National Geographic se convierte en su primera década de existencia en una de las revistas de referencia en el campo de la divulgación científica en España.In english: The investigation aims study provide the history of the Spanish edition of National Geographic magazine in its first decade of existence (1997-2007, and to analyze its evolution in this chronological period. The methodology has consisted in a bibliographic review on directories, catalogs, metasearch, and various databases (Teseo, TDR, Dialnet, Compludoc, Rebiun, CSIC along with a personal interview and exclusive to the director of the magazine in Spain, Joseph Cabello. After collecting historical data, to analyze its evolution (content, adversiting, diffusion and subscribers has been taken as a basis for study data provides by the Office of Justification for Dissemination and others prepared by the analyst. The results provide the history of the magazine, and reveal that the Spanish edition of National Geographic becomes its first decade of existence in one of the reference magazine in the field of popular science in Spain.

  7. [Changes in processed food expenditure in the population of Metropolitan Santiago in the last twenty years].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crovetto, Mirta; Uauy, Ricardo

    2012-03-01

    During recent decades household incomes have increased steadily, leading to changes in dietary habits and food expenditure. To report changes in household food expenditure focusing on trends in processed food across income quintiles in Metropolitan Santiago. Information obtained from the Fourth (1986-1987), Fifth (1996-1997) and Sixth National Institute of Statistics (INE) Surveys (2006-2007) were used. Food expenditure data over the study periods was extracted from household expenditure surveys (HES) after verifying and adjusting food prices registered by the INE to current 2007 prices. Absolute food expenditure over the study period increased for all groups; the largest increase was found in lowest income quintiles; however, the proportion of total family budget spent on food decreased in all groups. The largest increases in food expenditure corresponded to sweetened beverages, processed fruit juices, alcoholic drinks, ready meals and "eating out". Expenditure on fish rose slightly whereas the absolute spending on legumes, eggs and oils decreased. Expenditure in processed food as percentage of total food expenditure increased from 42% to 57% of total for mean household. For the 2nd quintile it rose from 31% to 48% and for the lowest quintile increased from 53% to 68% over the three decades (1987-2007). Changes were greatest in energy rich processed foods such as bread, pastries, confectioneries and granulated sugar. These particular foods are of high energy density and contain high amounts of saturated fat, sodium and added sugars. These results confirm that food consumption patterns over the past decades have progressively departed from the recommended dietary guidelines given by national and international health organizations.

  8. Nicolae Ceausescu and Santiago Carrillo. On the reform of proletarian internationalism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cezar Stanciu

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available This article analyzes the close relations developed between the Romanian and Spanish Communist parties in the context of the Soviet-led intervention in Czechoslovakia. It explores the similarities and differences between the visions of Nicolae Ceaușescu and Santiago Carrillo on the reform of the world Communist movement and also the new meaning attributed by both to proletarian internationalism. Drawing on transcripts of their conversations in crucial political moments, the article reveals how Eastern and Western Communists found ways to work together in order to undermine Soviet control over world Communism.

  9. Documentos arcebispais no Tombo H da catedral de Santiago: Gómez Manrique e Lopo de Mendoza

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cabana Outeiro, Alexandra

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available The cartulary H of Santiago de Compostela's Cathedral -register book compiled by notary Afonso Eanes Jacob-contains documents of the chapter of Compostela dated 1391 to 1409 and includes copies of earlier documents. In this paper, the edition of five documents issued by archbishops Gómez Manrique (1351-1362 and Lope de Mendoza (1399- 1445 and contained in this book is proposed. An introductory note is also included.

    [gl] No Tombo H da Catedral de Santiago de Compostela, libro rexistro elaborado polo notario Afonso Eanes Jacob, recógese documentación do cabido compostelán entre os anos 1391 e 1409, incluíndo tamén traslados de documentos anteriores. Neste artigo faise unha edición de cinco documentos emitidos polos arcebispos Gómez Manrique (1351-1362 e Lope de Mendoza (1399-1445, que se insiren neste libro, achegándose tamén unha nota introductoria.

  10. Respiratory disease and particulate air pollution in Santiago Chile: contribution of erosion particles from fine sediments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Garcia-Chevesich, Pablo A; Alvarado, Sergio; Neary, Daniel G; Valdes, Rodrigo; Valdes, Juan; Aguirre, Juan José; Mena, Marcelo; Pizarro, Roberto; Jofré, Paola; Vera, Mauricio; Olivares, Claudio

    2014-04-01

    Air pollution in Santiago is a serious problem every winter, causing thousands of cases of breathing problems within the population. With more than 6 million people and almost two million vehicles, this large city receives rainfall only during winters. Depending on the frequency of storms, statistics show that every time it rains, air quality improves for a couple of days, followed by extreme levels of air pollution. Current regulations focus mostly on PM10 and PM2.5, due to its strong influence on respiratory diseases. Though more than 50% of the ambient PM10s in Santiago is represented by soil particles, most of the efforts have been focused on the remaining 50%, i.e. particulate material originating from fossil and wood fuel combustion, among others. This document emphasizes the need for the creation of erosion/sediment control regulations in Chile, to decrease respiratory diseases on Chilean polluted cities. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. RAMP 2003 summary report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moats, D.; Stanley, S.; Abundo, L.; Theriault, C.; Bruce, G.; Gibbons, W.

    2003-01-01

    This report summarized key findings of the 2003 Regional Aquatics Monitoring Program (RAMP) annual technical report. RAMP was formed in 1997 to monitor the health of rivers and lakes in the oil sands region of Alberta and to assess the potential impacts of oil sands development. It was also developed to collect baseline data and compare it with environmental assessment predictions made by oil sand operators in the Wood Buffalo region. In 2003, RAMP monitored fish and fish habitats in the oil sands region, as well as water and sediment quality. Data was also collected on benthic invertebrates; wetlands vegetation; lake acidification data; hydrology; and climate. Studies focused on the Athabasca River and its tributaries; smaller tributaries of the Muskeg River; the North Steepbank River; and the Christina River. Data from wetlands in the vicinity of current and proposed oil sands developments was collected together with data from 50 acid-sensitive lakes in northeastern Alberta. RAMP monitoring activities in 2003 increased in response to increased resource exploitation activities in the region. Information from climate and hydrologic monitoring stations was analyzed in order to model changes resulting from oil sands development. Water levels were monitored to measure discharge, ice thickness, and water depth of selected lakes and streams. Water and sediment quality analyses were conducted to establish the physical and chemical features of the water bodies in the RAMP study area. The analyses suggested that water quality was consistent with previous years. Inputs from tributaries in the oil sands region did not obviously impact water quality in the Athabasca River. Higher levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were noted at stations in the oil sands regions. Benthic communities monitored in the study were within expected ranges for undisturbed communities in the region. A RAMP fish monitoring program indicated that spawning runs in the Muskeg River have

  12. Santiago de Chile de cara a la globalización: ?(spanishotra ciudad?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mattos Carlos A. de

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho propõe-se a identificar e caracterizar a "outra cidade" resultante das transformações que afetaram a área metropolitana de Santiago do Chile em função da assunção, a partir de meados de 1975, de uma nova estratégia macroeconômica, onde tanto uma crescente liberalização econômica, como uma ampla abertura externa, favoreceram a progressiva globalização da economia nacional. Nesse contexto, observa-se como junto a importantes modificações na base econômica metropolitana começou a processar-se na grande Santiago uma radical reestruturação de seu mercado de trabalho e uma maior dispersão territorial das atividades produtivas e da população. Nesse novo cenário, analisa-se como as transformações que afetaram a cidade emergente incidiram na afirmação, de um lado, de uma morfologia social donde persiste a polarização social e a segregação residencial e, de outra, de uma morfologia territorial onde impera a periurbanização e a policentralidade, transformações essas que correspondem às tendências que atualmente se observam nas grandes áreas metropolitanas tanto dos países centrais como das economias emergentes.

  13. Alterações do desenvolvimento de crianças prematuras nascidas de mães com malária no periodo gestacional

    OpenAIRE

    Simões, Maria da Conceição Ribeiro

    2012-01-01

    Objetivo : O estudo buscou avaliar as alterações no desenvolvimento de crianças prematuras nascidas de mães com malária no periodo gestacional, em Porto Velho, Rondônia. O objetivo principal é descrever as alterações encontradas nessas crianças aplicando um teste preditivo para alterações no desenvolvimento e compará-las à um grupo controle de crianças prematuras nascidas de mães que não apresentaram malária no periodo gestacional. Métodos : Por ser um estudo do tipo transvers...

  14. Evaluación ambiental del proceso de urbanización de las cuencas del piedemonte andino de Santiago de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hugo Romero

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Las cuencas son complejos sistemas ambientales en que se desarrollan procesos geomorfológicos, hidrológicos, climáticos y ecológicos, que son impactados por la urbanización. En este trabajo se estudian seis cuencas del piedemonte andino de la ciudad de Santiago que se encuentran en diferentes fases del proceso de urbanización, variando entre Macul-San Ramón, en donde casi el 40% de su superficie ha sido incorporada a la ciudad, y Pirque, que mantiene aún sus características agrícolas y rurales. Empleando Sistemas de Información Geográfica, se analiza el impacto de la urbanización sobre indicadores ambientales, tales como productividad vegetal, biomasa, humedad en el suelo y temperaturas superficiales de los territorios ocupados por las cuencas. Las Áreas Totales de Impermeabilización, los Coeficientes de Escorrentía y las Áreas Sensitivas Ambientales, permiten estimar el estado de las cuencas y su contribución a la salud ambiental de la ciudad de SantiagoWatersheds are complex environmental systems, where geomorphologic, hydrologic, climatic and ecological processes take place, and which are severely impacted by urbanisation. In this paper, six Santiago Andean piedmont watersheds have been researched, according with the degree of urbanisation that they reach, which varies between Macul-San Ramón, where about 40% of their land covers has been already urbanised, until Pirque, where agricultural and rural features are still dominants. Using geographical information systems, the impact of urbanization on several ecological indicators, such as vegetative productivity, biomass, soil moisture and surface temperature are analysed. Total Imperviousness Areas, Runoff Coefficients and Environmentally Sensitive Areas allow the estimation of the state of the watersheds ant their contribution to the environmental health of Santiago city

  15. En torno a un informe académico sobre Emilio de Santiago Simón

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez Montávez, Pedro

    2016-01-01

    Estas líneas quieren ser solamente mi testimonio de recuerdo y mi homenaje personal a ese insán único y auténtico —descarado a veces, desvalido y entrañable siempre— que fue Emilio de Santiago Simón, amigo de honda huella y querido y admirado compañero

  16. A typology of female sex work in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Belmar, Julieta; Stuardo, Valeria; Folch, Cinta; Carvajal, Bielka; Clunes, Maria José; Montoliu, Alexandra; Casabona, Jordi

    2018-04-01

    In Chile, sex work takes place covertly in a variety of venues and locations. Formative research using time-location sampling methods is important in order to understand the nature of this diversity. This study used qualitative methods to develop a typology of female sex work in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, using semi-structured interviews, focus groups and ethnographic fieldwork during visits to sex work venues. The study identified seven types of venue, which reflect the context and regulatory framework of the country and the structural vulnerabilities that affect female sex workers in Chile. These venues and locations include: cafés con piernas (coffee with legs); nightclubs, topless bars and cabarets; brothels; hotels; street and highway soliciting; massage parlours; and private residences. Formative research methods were helpful in identifying and characterising the venues and locations in which sex work occurred. Barriers to accessing and mapping specific locations were also identified. Recommendations for addressing these barriers include working with non-governmental organisations to map venues and initiate contact with the populations of interest. A comprehensive typology of sex work in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, is an essential element for future time-location sampling and bio-behavioural research in the context of second-generation surveillance for HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Chile.

  17. NEA Annual report 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The following issues are dealt with: 1997 in perspective. Trends in nuclear power. Technical programmes: Nuclear development and fuel cycle, nuclear safety and regulation, radiation protection, radioactive waste management, nuclear science, data bank, legal affairs, joint projects and other cooperative projects. General information: information programme, NEA publications produced in 1997, organization chart of NEA, workshops and meetings held in 1997. (R.P.)

  18. DEFORMACION CORTICAL Y PELIGRO SÍSMICO ASOCIADO A LA FALLA SAN RAMON EN EL FRENTE CORDILLERANO DE SANTIAGO, CHILE CENTRAL (33ºS)

    OpenAIRE

    RAULD PLOTT, RODRIGO ANDRES

    2011-01-01

    Resultados presentados recientemente, que se incluyen en esta tesis (Armijo, R., R. Rauld, R. Thiele, G. Vargas, J. Campos, R. Lacassin, and E. Kausel (2010), The West Andean Thrust (WAT), the San Ramón Fault and the seismic hazard for Santiago (Chile), Tectonics, 29, TC2007, doi:10.1029/2008TC002427) modifican substancialmente paradigmas anteriores sobre la tectónica Andina y la Geología de la región de Santiago, sosteniendo que: 1) El orógeno Andino es fundamentalmente bi-vergente, in...

  19. Õigusrikkumised [1997] = Violation of jurisdiction

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    1998-01-01

    Politseis registreeritud kuriteod, 1997, kuritegevuse tase 10 000 elaniku kohta 1993-1997, kuriteod liikide lõikes, 1997, väljaselgitatud kuritegudes süüdistatavad isikud Tallinnas, 1997, kuritegevus ja selle avastamine Tallinna asumites

  20. Productividad laboral del sector terciario en la ciudad de México, (1960-2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Garza

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Con el fin de contribuir al avance del conocimiento sobre la productividad laboral de las ciudades mexicanas, en este artículo se analiza la siguiente temática para el periodo de 1960 a 2003: a comparar los cambios en la estructura ocupacional del país con los de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México (ZMCM; b determinar las magnitudes y tendencias de la productividad media laboral según 17 grupos de actividades terciarias en la ZMCM; c identificar en cuales de ellas se especializa la urbe. La creciente hegemonía del sector servicios en la estructura laboral de México, principalmente en la ZMCM, significa que el país avanza dentro de la denominada Revolución Terciaria, pero se concluye que existen dos procesos negativos que frenan la función del sector terciario como motor del desarrollo económico: el elevado nivel de servicios informales y la significativa caída de la productividad laboral en las actividades terciarias. . Clasificación JEL: L8, J24.

  1. Male attitudes to family planning education in Santiago, Chile.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hall, M F

    1977-01-01

    Male attitudes toward family planning education were assessed through a study of 720 men in Santiago and 240 men in a nearby rural area of Chile. Interviews were conducted by male students at the University of Chile School of Public Health. A large majority of the men were using or planned to use contraception in the future. There was a near consensus that adults should be informed regarding family planning. More than a majority of the respondents favored provision of contraceptive information for unmarried women, but most did not approve of premarital sexual activity for females. Most respondents favored the teaching of sex education in schools "according to the age of the children." Younger and higher class males tended to hold the most liberal attitudes.

  2. Especialización y concentración espacial de barrios comerciales: evidencias en base al caso de la comuna de Santiago./ Specialization and spatial concentration of commercial neighborhoods: evidence based on the Santiago central area case study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Sandoval

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del trabajo es analizar y comprender las causas y dinámicas de la especialización de los barrios comerciales de la comuna de Santiago, asumiendo la pregunta: ¿Por qué y cómo, algunos barrios comerciales de la comuna de Santiago se especializan en la venta de ciertos bienes y/o servicios, concentrando su oferta con un patrón espacial definido, siendo que su localización podría presentarse diversificada sectorialmente y/o diseminada dentro de la ciudad? La investigación utiliza un conjunto de métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, para proponer una metodología de análisis de la actividad comercial, considerando su nivel de especialización y arreglo espacial, al mismo tiempo que se identifican un conjunto de barrios concentrados, los cuales que se presentan en dos formas específicas: de manera polarizada (caso de los barrios Brasil y Diez de Julio y como un sistema de barrios especializados (casos de los barrios de San Diego en sus segmentos de libros, bicicletas y de cueros y calzados. La principal contribución de la investigación, es la aplicación de una metodología de identificación de barrios que permite proponer un conjunto de causas posibles para explicar el origen de la especialización comercial al interior de la ciudad./ This article focuses on analyzing the Santiago district, in order to understanding the causes specialization of commercial neighborhoods and their dynamics, by addressing the following question: Why and how does commercial specialization occur in some neighborhoods of the Central Santiago district, concentrating their in a defined spatial pattern, instead of spreading through the urban fabric?Qualitative and quantitative methods are used to develop an in depth analysis of commercial activities, taking into consideration their specialization level and spatial arrangement. Through this study, a series of specialized commercial neighborhoods where identified and classified, revealing two specific

  3. Menores quemados por el sol y su relación con la radiación ultravioleta y la cubierta de ozono, durante seis veranos (1996 a 2001) en Santiago de Chile (33,5°S)

    OpenAIRE

    Aranibar D, Ligia; Cabrera S, Sergio; Honeyman M, Juan

    2003-01-01

    During the recent 10 years the ozone layer has decreased while ultraviolet radiation has increased in Santiago, Chile. Aim: To determine whether the number of sunburns in children correlate with ultraviolet radiation in Santiago. Subjects and methods: During six Austral Summers (1996-2001) children below 15 years old, consulting for sunburn, were evaluated at the "Corporation for the Aid of Burned Children" (COANIQUEM) in Santiago (33.5°S). The number of children with sunburns during each Sum...

  4. El divorcio entre los instrumentos de planificación y la morfología urbana en el perímetro metropolitano de Santiago de Chile. El caso de Maipú. / The divorce between the instruments of planning and urban morphology in the metropolitan perimeter of Santiago de Chile. The case of Maipú.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mawromatis P., Constantino

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available El espacio urbano resultante de la aplicación de los instrumentos de planificación comunal vigentes en Chile en el perímetro metropolitano de Santiago, carece de estructura y forma que evidencie una intencionalidad urbanística y arquitectónica./Chilean urban policies seem dramatically poor towards the physical environment which shapes a community. The public realm in suburban Santiago is a result of restrictive codes applied to private property. Spatial qualities, and morphological identity, are completely overlooked by urban laws.

  5. El cambio de clase en vela infantil y juvenil: estudios desde 2003 hasta 2013

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jordi Renom Pinsach

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta las principales conclusiones del Programa de tutorización para el cambio de clase (PTCC iniciado por la Federación Catalana de Vela (FCV en el 2001. Se trata de un proyecto inédito a nivel internacional, que pretende conocer e incidir en la mejora continua del paso de los regatistas infantiles a las clases juveniles. En vela de competición, el tiempo final en la clase Optimist, la elección de una nueva clase y las primeras experiencias en la escogida son momentos clave de la vida deportiva de los regatistas. Después de un periodo piloto, en el 2003 se inició un proceso de 10 años durante el que se han llevado a cabo tres estudios (2003, 2008 y 2013 de seguimiento e intervención de las flotas infantiles y juveniles de la FCV. Mediante cuestionarios creados para este proyecto se han recogido impresiones de 370 regatistas infantiles, 231 juveniles y de 170 padres y madres. Vista la extensión de los resultados, el artículo se centra en las tendencias que más informan sobre la evolución de los regatistas, especialmente en el estudio de 2013, a la vez que presenta el PTCC como un posible modelo para el seguimiento de flotas aplicable a otras organizaciones relacionadas con la vela de competición.

  6. El cine musical clásico en Estados Unidos (1927-1960) y su repercusión en los medios audiovisuales posteriores a este periodo

    OpenAIRE

    Andrés Bailón, Sergio de

    2013-01-01

    [ES] Estudio de los estilos musicales y la funcionalidad de los números musicales en el contexto del cine musical americano del periodo comprendido entre 1927 y 1960, así como la repercusión de dichos elementos estilísticos y estructurales en creaciones Estudio de los estilos musicales y la funcionalidad de los números musicales en el contexto del cine musical americano del periodo comprendido entre 1927 y 1960, así como la repercusión de dichos elementos estilísticos y estructurales en creac...

  7. Emilio Duhart: Seminario del Gran Santiago -1957. Precisiones del Proyecto Urbano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristián Berríos Flores

    2013-12-01

    En el año 1957 se realiza en Chile el “Seminario del Gran Santiago”, donde se convoca a diversos especialistas para abordar ampliamente los problemas urbanos que se estaban suscitando en la capital. Entre los expositores se encuentra el arquitecto Emilio Duhart Harosteguy, quien realiza un detallado análisis y propuestas urbanas para Santiago. Se puede detectar a priori una directa influencia de los principios de la arquitectura moderna en su exposición, pero también una cierta autonomía intelectual al momento de proponer estructuras urbanas sobre el espacio público.

  8. Contaminación del aire en Santiago: Estado actual y soluciones

    OpenAIRE

    Raúl O'Ryan; Luis Larraguibel

    2000-01-01

    En el presente trabajo se discute el problema de la contaminación atmosférica en Santiago y de los esfuerzos en marcha para su solución, representados formalmente por el Plan de Prevención y Descontaminación de la Región Metropolitana (PPDA). A modo de introducción se definen términos y conceptos utilizados en el PPDA, los cuales son de uso frecuente en el área de contaminación urbana. Posteriormente, se analizan el estado actual, la evolución y tendencias de los indicadores representativos d...

  9. [Association between sunburn in children and ultraviolet radiation and ozone layer, during six summers (1996-2001) in Santiago, Chile (33,5 degrees S)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aranibar, Ligia; Cabrera, Sergio; Honeyman, Juan

    2003-09-01

    During the recent 10 years the ozone layer has decreased while ultraviolet radiation has increased in Santiago, Chile. To determine whether the number of sunburns in children correlate with ultraviolet radiation in Santiago. During six Austral Summers (1996-2001) children below 15 years old, consulting for sunburn, were evaluated at the "Corporation for the Aid of Burned Children" (COANIQUEM) in Santiago (33.5 degrees S). The number of children with sunburns during each Summer was compared with the corresponding UV-B radiation and the ozone thickness, to establish a probable relation between a geophysical change and its consequences in skin health. The ozone layer values were obtained from the NASA WEB-page and the ultraviolet radiation was measured with a four-channel medium resolution radiometer. In each Summer there was a predominance of sunburns among boys and among ages between 6 and 10 years. During the 96-97 Austral Summer, the highest number of children with sunburns (63) was diagnosed. That Summer also had the highest mean UV-305 nm radiation with an important amount of days with ozone Summer an inverse correlation between ozone and UV-305 nm radiation was detected. At the same time the maximal values of Erythemal Dose Rate (33 muWatt cm2), UV Index (13) and Erythemal Daily Dose (7.500 Joule m2) were observed. In Santiago, Summers with a higher number of days with low ozone protection seem to reappear every 3 years. Understanding the interaction of physical processes that control the ozone layer, may help to design better photo-protection programs for human health.

  10. KONTAMINASI E. coli PADA MAKANAN DARI TIGA JENIS TEMPAT PENGELOLAAN MAKANAN (TPM) DI JAKARTA SELATAN 2003

    OpenAIRE

    I Made Djaja

    2008-01-01

    Escherichia coli Food Contamination on Three Type of Food Establishment in South Jakarta, 2003. Food with its nutrient constituencies is important and needed by all biological organisms including human live. On theaters hand through food could transfer some of diseases agent that could cause gastro-intestinal disorder and food intoxication. Food contamination prevalence is still height (by E. coli 65.5%) and diarrhea cases 116.075 in 1995, food out break intoxication 31.919 occur in 1997, and...

  11. [Validation of the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) in vulnerable users of health care services in Santiago, Chile].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oyanedel, Juan Carlos; Vargas, Salvador; Mella, Camila; Páez, Darío

    2015-09-01

    Personal well-being calculates quality of life in terms of the necessary conditions required to live well. To validate the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) in a representative sample of vulnerable users of the public health system in Santiago, Chile. A probabilistic and multistage sample consisting of 400 individuals aged 44 ± 18 years (61% females) belonging to the lower income group of the National Health Fund (FONASA), residents of Gran Santiago was surveyed. Internal consistency and correlation between items and scale were examined. Structure was analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis. The seven-item PWI is a good indicator of subjective well-being in the population under study, considering internal consistency, factor loadings, relation with overall life satisfaction and goodness of fit. The indicators mostly associated with personal well-being are the socioeconomic level followed by relationships with the community, health conditions and achievements. The 7-item version of the PWI is suitable for application in vulnerable health service users.

  12. Cantidad y calidad de información de riesgos divulgada por las empresas españolas: Un análisis en periodos diferentes del ciclo económico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. David Cabedo Semper

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available La obligación de las empresas de informar en los estados financieros de los riesgos a los que se enfrentan ha dado lugar a la aparición de una emergente línea de investigación sobre el grado de divulgación de información sobre riesgos y de su calidad. En este sentido, el presente trabajo analiza la cantidad y la calidad de la información de riesgos para 2 periodos diferentes de ciclo económico: un periodo de bonanza económica (2006 y un periodo de crisis (2011. El estudio se realiza para el caso español utilizando empresas que cotizaban en el mercado continuo durante los años 2006 y 2011. Los resultados evidencian que las empresas presentan un mayor volumen de información sobre riesgos en el periodo de crisis, mientras que este aumento no se corresponde con un mayor grado de calidad de dicha información. Este mayor nivel de información de riesgos se debe a los riesgos financieros, sin detectar aumentos estadísticamente significativos en información de riesgos no financieros.

  13. Estructura administrativa de la Provincia de Bogotá durante el periodo comprendido entre 1832- 1857

    OpenAIRE

    Restrepo Robledo, Luz Marina

    2010-01-01

    El estudio de la estructura administrativa de la provincia de Bogotá en el siglo IX es importante por cuanto se muestra por primera vez cuales fueron los primeros entes administrativos que se crearon durante este periodo, fundamentalmente durante la vigencia de la constitución de 1832. El régimen territorial de las provincias se dividió a su vez en cantones y éstos, en distritos parroquiales.

  14. Nutritional profile of schoolchildren from different socio-economic levels in Santiago, Chile.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liberona, Yessica; Castillo, Oscar; Engler, Valerie; Villarroel, Luis; Rozowski, Jaime

    2011-01-01

    To assess the nutritional status, food intake and physical activity patterns in schoolchildren attending 5th and 6th grade in basic schools from different socio-economic levels in the metropolitan region of Santiago. Cross-sectional study in children 5th and 6th grade of eighteen basic schools in the metropolitan region of Santiago. Boys and girls aged 9-12 years from basic schools were evaluated in terms of physical capacity. An anthropometric evaluation was also performed which included weight, height and triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses. Food intake was evaluated by a 24 h recall, socio-economic level by the ESOMAR method and physical activity by a questionnaire. Boys and girls aged 9-12 years (n 1732). The average prevalence of overweight and obesity was 40 %, with the highest prevalence in males and those from lower socio-economic level. A majority (64 %) of the children had a low level of physical activity. A higher intake of fat and protein and a higher intake of carbohydrate were found in the higher and lower socio-economic levels, respectively. Both males and females showed adequacy greater than 75 % in macronutrient intake except for fibre, with both groups showing a deficit in the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish and milk products according to Chilean recommendations. A high prevalence of malnutrition by excess was observed in both sexes and a better eating and physical activity pattern was seen in children from higher socio-economic level.

  15. PSAC 1997 western Canada activity forecast : mid-stream 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1997-01-01

    A review of drilling activity in western Canada for the final quarter of 1996 and the first quarter of 1997 was presented. This report was intended to provide service companies with a useful tool for near-term planning. The activities were categorized into 12 geographical areas that represented wells of common drilling, production and depth characteristics. The number of wells drilled by operators in each area were presented in graphic form. The forecast update examined the activity of the past two quarters and adjusted the projections for 1997 according to identifiable trends. Cost data was updated based on the revised activity projections. Projections in this report were based on the following general assumptions: (1) oil and gas prices shall remain stable for the next year, (2) no political upheavals, (3) equity capital shall be available at levels equal to 1996, and (4) technological improvements will continue, with horizontal drilling continuing to increase market share. It was projected that 13,689 wells would be drilled in 1997, up by about 1,300 new wells from 1996. Oil well drilling activity was projected to slightly decline and gas drilling activity was projected to increase during 1997. Cost data provided include only drilling and completion costs. Land and geological costs, well servicing costs and downstream facilities costs are not included. 8 tabs., 3 figs

  16. Uso de antimicrobianos de amplio espectro en un hospital pediátrico de Santiago de Cuba Use of wide spectrum antimicrobials in a children hospital from Santiago de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erlis Mengana López

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de los 1 311 pacientes que recibieron antimicrobianos de amplio espectro en el Hospital Infantil Norte Docente "Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre de 2009, a fin de analizar el uso de estos medicamentos, para lo cual se revisaron las historias clínicas correspondientes y los controles del Departamento de Farmacia. En la casuística predominaron la ceftriaxona como medicamento más empleado (64,8 %, la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos como el servicio que más lo utilizó (41,7 %, la neumonía bacteriana como entidad clínica más común (42,0 % y la evolución favorable de los afectados (98,5 %.A descriptive and cross-sectional study of the 1 311 patients who received wide spectrum antimicrobials in "Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira" Teaching Northern Children Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January to December, 2009, in order to analyze the use of these drugs. For this aim, the corresponding medical records and the controls of the Pharmacy Department were reviewed. Ceftriaxone as the most used medication (64.8 %, the Intensive Care Unit as the most used service (41.7 %, the bacterial pneumonia as the most common clinical entity (42.0 % and the favorable clinical course of those affected (98.5 % prevailed in the case material.

  17. A decade of theory of mind research on Cayo Santiago: Insights into rhesus macaque social cognition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Drayton, Lindsey A; Santos, Laurie R

    2016-01-01

    Over the past several decades, researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding how primates understand the behavior of others. One open question concerns whether nonhuman primates think about others' behavior in psychological terms, that is, whether they have a theory of mind. Over the last ten years, experiments conducted on the free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) living on Cayo Santiago have provided important insights into this question. In this review, we highlight what we think are some of the most exciting results of this body of work. Specifically we describe experiments suggesting that rhesus monkeys may understand some psychological states, such as what others see, hear, and know, but that they fail to demonstrate an understanding of others' beliefs. Thus, while some aspects of theory of mind may be shared between humans and other primates, others capacities are likely to be uniquely human. We also discuss some of the broader debates surrounding comparative theory of mind research, as well as what we think may be productive lines for future research with the rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  18. Application of 2 microbioassays for evaluating the pollution present in the Xochimilco and Lerma-Santiago basins.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pineda-Flores, G; Hernández, T; Cruz, M C; Gutiérrez-Castrejón, T

    1999-01-01

    Pollution due to urban-agricultural and urban-industrial activities, on the enzymatic activity of two microorganisms was evaluated. The zones under study are located in the Caltongo "embarcadero", in Xochimilco, D.F., and the basin of Lerma-Santiago river, State of Mexico. Nine and ten stations were established, respectively. Samples of water and sediment were taken, in order to determine their pH, salinity, organic matter, as well as the toxic effect produced on Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase activity and on Bacillus cereus hydrogenase activity. Fecal coliforms and anionic detergents were quantified on the water samples. A correlation analysis was applied to results of chemical variables and microbiotest performed. In Xochimilco were found six stations over 50% of inhibition of the enzymatic activities evaluated, in Lerma-Santiago were only four stations. The correlation coefficient found was between -0.95 and 0.53. In general, the zones under study showed a pollution degree and toxic effect moderate, as well as a minimum correlation between chemical variables and the response of microorganisms used as indicators.

  19. Licensee contractor and vendor inspection status report. Quarterly report, April 1997--June 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1997-11-01

    This periodical covers the results of inspections performed between April 1997 and June 1997 by the NRC's Special Inspection Branch, Inspection Section, that have been distributed to the inspected organizations

  20. El proyecto de estructuras en el Museo de las Peregrinaciones (Santiago de Compostela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Estévez, J.

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available The article describes the structural design of the Museum of Pilgrimage (Santiago de Compostela, projected by the renowned architect Manuel Gallego Jorreto. It is a rehabilitation work in a monumental environment, subjected to multiple external and internal constraints. Among others: open exhibition areas, spatial complexity, management of the natural light, limitations of transport and supply, preservation and stabilization of facades with different levels of degradation, and discovery of archaeological remains. Several steel solutions are described, capable of resolving noticeable spans with low weight. In all cases, these structures were built and transported in fractions for reassembly in the construction site.El artículo describe el diseño estructural del Museo de las Peregrinaciones (Santiago de Compostela, proyectado por el reconocido arquitecto Manuel Gallego Jorreto. Se trata de una obra de rehabilitación en un entorno monumental, sometida a múltiples condicionantes externos e internos. Entre otros: áreas expositivas diáfanas, complejidad espacial, gestión de la luz natural, limitaciones de transporte y suministro, preservación y estabilización de fachadas con diferentes niveles de degradación, y hallazgo de restos arqueológicos. Se describen las soluciones metálicas empleadas a fin de resolver luces importantes con reducido peso. En todos los casos, estas estructuras fueron fabricadas y transportadas en fracciones para su posterior ensamblaje en obra.

  1. Azitromicina y efectos cardiovasculares notificados al Sistema Cubano de Farmacovigilancia, 2003-2012

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ismary Alfonso Orta

    Full Text Available Introducción: la azitromicina, es un antibacteriano macrólido semisintético, al cual se han asociado efectos cardiovasculares, como la prolongación del intervalo QT y trastornos del ritmo que pueden ser fatales. La FDA alertó sobre un pequeño aumento de la mortalidad y riesgo de muerte en personas tratadas durante 5 días con este antibacteriano, y en el Centro Internacional de Monitoreo de Uppsala también se han registrado casos. Objetivo: caracterizar las reacciones adversas cardiovasculares a la azitromicina informadas a la Unidad Nacional Coordinadora de Farmacovigilancia durante el periodo 2003-2012. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal utilizando la base de datos nacional de farmacovigilancia y las notificaciones espontáneas de reacciones adversas. Se trabajó con el universo de pacientes con reacciones adversas a la azitromicina. Las reacciones cardiovasculares se clasificaron según tipo de reacción, severidad, imputabilidad y frecuencia. Se estudiaron los pacientes que presentaron reacciones adversas según sexo y edad. Resultados: se recibieron 1 960 notificaciones de reacciones adversas a la azitromicina en el periodo de estudio, de las cuales 96 se correspondieron con reacciones adversas cardiovasculares para el 4,9 %. Predominaron en el sexo femenino (55,2 % y en los adultos (75 %. Las palpitaciones representaron el 44,8 % (43 pacientes, seguidas de la taquicardia y el dolor torácico. El 67,7 % resultaron moderadas, el 71,9 % probables y el 60,4 % ocasionales. El 31,3 % de las reacciones se pudo haber evitado y el motivo que predominó fue la indicación inadecuada en el 70 %. Conclusiones: aunque no se informan reacciones adversas cardiovasculares con desenlace fatal en personas tratadas con azitromicina, la tercera parte de ellas se podrían haber evitado; por lo se recomienda realizar una vigilancia más proactiva a este medicamento, así como informar todas las reacciones al Sistema Cubano de

  2. Production planning in the Combinado Lácteo Santiago

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edith Carmen Fajardo-Alcolea

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available A planning, programming and control of the production procedure is designed in this paper to consider all the technical and organizational aspects that are involved in planning, using the balance and normative method, and a variant of the General Algorithm for the Calculation of the Capacities. This procedure is supported by an innovative computer application designed to assist students, technicians and specialists in the planning stages. The procedure is applied in the company “Combinado Lácteo de Santiago de Cuba” to plan the production in 2016. As a result, an innovation of an organizational type is obtained that allows the Production Master Plan, disaggregated in the different time horizons, consider the real capacity of the plants. For its evaluation it was compared to the production plan prepared by the company and the actual production data of the first quarter of the year to determine the existing differences.

  3. Licensee contractor and vendor inspection status report. Quarterly report, April 1997--June 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-11-01

    This periodical covers the results of inspections performed between April 1997 and June 1997 by the NRC`s Special Inspection Branch, Inspection Section, that have been distributed to the inspected organizations.

  4. Una exposición del Arzobispo de Santiago de Compostela, José, Cardenal Martín de Herrera, origen de la Conditae a Christo, 8 diciembre 1990

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sastre Santos, Eutimio

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available The Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, José card. Martín de Herrera, exposes the card. Rampolla, Secretary of State, the difficulties of the goverment of the new feminine institutes of simple vows in his diocese, 1897. He request that the Holy See regulates theirs foundations and the juridical relationships among the diocesan ones and the general mothers. The Hoy See will give an answer to the whole Church with the Conditae a Christo in 1900. This paper rests on Vatican documentation and of the Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela.

    El arzobispo de Santiago de Compostela, José card. Martín de Herrera expone al card. Rampolla, Secretario de Estado, las dificultades que encuentra en el gobierno de los nuevos institutos femeninos de votos simples, 1897. Pide una intervención de la Santa Sede que regule sus fundaciones y las relaciones jurídicas entre los diocesanos y la madre general. La respuesta de la Santa Sede será la Conditae a Christo en 1900. El trabajo estriba sobre documentación vaticana y del arzobispado de Santiago de Compostela.

  5. El discurso político de Santiago Carrillo durante la Transición. Aplicaciones metodológicas / The political discourse of Santiago Carrillo in the process of Democratic Transition. Methodological applications

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Pantoja Chaves

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Continuando con el análisis de los discursos de los líderes más importantes del proceso de Transición democrática en España, en esta entrega nos centramos en la trayectoria política de Santiago Carrillo y su liderazgo del comunismo en España. A diferencia del resto de los oradores analizados, su perfil no muestra ningún punto de inflexión que refuerce su discurso, más bien asiste a un declive continuo y progresivo, desde un discurso que equilibra dos posiciones contrarias ante un auditorio comprometido y agraciado por las palabras del orador, hasta presentar un perfil que reproduce el eclipse de la autoridad del líder comunista.Summary: Continuing with the analysis of the speeches of the most important leaders of the democratic transition process in Spain, in this installment we focus on the political trajectory of Santiago Carrillo and his leadership of communism in Spain. Unlike the rest of the speakers discussed, his profile shows no turning point to strengthen his speech, rather attends a continuous and progressive decline, from a speech that balances two opposing positions before an audience engaged and graced by the speaker's words, to present a profile that reproduces the eclipse of the communist leader's authority.

  6. Licensee contractor and vendor inspection status report. Quarterly report, October 1997--December 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-04-01

    The periodical covers the results of inspections performed between October 1997 and December 1997 by the NRC's Quality Assurance, Vendor Inspection and Maintenance Branch that have been distributed to the inspected organizations

  7. Comportamiento de la participación electoral y su relación con las dinámicas de violencia política en Norte de Santander (1997-2011)

    OpenAIRE

    Edgard Sneider, Díaz Torrado

    2016-01-01

    La investigación analiza el comportamiento de la participación electoral (PE) y su relación con las dinámicas de violencia política en Norte de Santander durante 1997-2011, con el fin de demostrar que la región del Catatumbo ha tenido un comportamiento electoral diferente al resto del departamento dado que tiene una tendencia en porcentajes de participación bajos durante las elecciones locales que se dieron en 1997, 2000 y 2003, lo cual se debe a la presencia y disputa por...

  8. Respiratory disease and particulate air pollution in Santiago Chile: Contribution of erosion particles from fine sediments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich; Sergio Alvarado; Daniel G. Neary; Rodrigo Valdes; Juan Valdes; Juan Jose Aguirre; Marcelo Mena; Roberto Pizarro; Paolo Jofre; Mauricio Vera; Claudio Olivares

    2014-01-01

    Air pollution in Santiago is a serious problem every winter, causing thousands of cases of breathing problems within the population. With more than 6 million people and almost two million vehicles, this large city receives rainfall only during winters. Depending on the frequency of storms, statistics show that every time it rains, air quality improves for a couple of...

  9. Bio-Inspired Design Approach Analysis: A Case Study of Antoni Gaudi and Santiago Calatrava

    OpenAIRE

    Marzieh Imani

    2017-01-01

    Antoni Gaudi and Santiago Calatrava have reputation for designing bio-inspired creative and technical buildings. Even though they have followed different independent approaches towards design, the source of bio-inspiration seems to be common. Taking a closer look at their projects reveals that Calatrava has been influenced by Gaudi in terms of interpreting nature and applying natural principles into the design process. This research firstly discusses the dialogue between Biomimicry and archit...

  10. Living City: community mobilization to build active transport policies and programs in Santiago, Chile

    OpenAIRE

    L. Sagaris

    2010-01-01

    Although the usefulness of walking and cycling to promote health is increasingly recognized, the importance of civil society leadership in developing new policies and activities is often overlooked. This case study, of Living City (Ciudad Viva) a community-based organization in Santiago, Chile, examines how several communities used knowledge about transport’s impact on the environment and health, gained through opposition to a major highway project, to build effective sustainable urban transp...

  11. Farmers or rural workers? A current social characterization of rural families of Atamisqui Department, Santiago del Estero ¿Campesinos o asalariados rurales? Una caracterización social actual de las familias rurales del Departamento de Atamisqui, Santiago del Estero

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agustina Desalvo

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available It is often said that Santiago del Estero concentrates a large number of farmers. In this paper, we present a first approach to the subject in order to begin to demystify the idea. To do this, we use data obtained from the Familiar Characterization Form prepared by PROINDER in 2009 - implemented by the Secretariat for Family Agriculture and Rural Development, Delegation Santiago del Estero- and interviews conducted in villages of Atamisqui department in April 2010. The form used allows us, among other things, measure the weight that have different sources of income in total household income. This, together with the evidence gathered in interviews, allows us to know how live analyzed families. It notes that the most important support comes from the seasonal employee working developed in different rural activities (though especially in the deflowering of corn and harvesting blueberries and various transfers (pensions, social benefits, remittances. These data would indicate, in this particular case, that the subject usually characterized as farmer hides, in reality, the atamisqueña rural working class.Suele afirmarse que Santiago del Estero concentra un elevado número de campesinos. En este artículo presentamos una primera aproximación al tema con el propósito de comenzar a desmitificar dicha idea. Para ello, recurrimos a datos arrojados por el Formulario de Caracterización Familiar del PROINDER, año 2009 -ejecutado desde la Subsecretaría de Desarrollo Rural y Agricultura Familiar de Santiago del Estero- y entrevistas realizadas en parajes rurales del departamento de Atamisqui en abril del 2010. El Formulario utilizado nos permite, entre otras cosas, mensurar el peso que las distintas fuentes de ingreso tienen en el total del ingreso familiar. Esto, junto a los testimonios recogidos en las entrevistas, nos permite conocer de qué viven las familias analizadas. Se observa que el sustento más importante proviene del trabajo estacional

  12. Changes in coral reef communities among the Florida Keys, 1996-2003

    Science.gov (United States)

    Somerfield, P. J.; Jaap, W. C.; Clarke, K. R.; Callahan, M.; Hackett, K.; Porter, J.; Lybolt, M.; Tsokos, C.; Yanev, G.

    2008-12-01

    Hard coral (Scleractinia and Milleporina) cover data were examined from 37 sites surveyed annually from 1996 to 2003 in the Florida reef tract, USA. Analyses of species numbers and total cover showed that site-to-site differences were generally very much greater than differences among times within sites. There were no significant differences among different geographical areas within the reef tract (Upper, Middle and Lower Keys). Large-scale changes documented included a reduction in species numbers and total cover on both deep and shallow offshore reefs between 1997 and 1999 followed by no recovery in cover, and only scant evidence of any recovery in species numbers by 2003. These changes coincided with bleaching events in 1997 and 1998, and the passage of Hurricane Georges through the Lower Keys in 1998. The lack of recovery among offshore reefs suggests that they were no longer resilient. Multivariate analyses revealed that some sites showed relatively little temporal variation in community composition, essentially random in direction, while others showed relatively large year-on-year changes. There was little evidence of any major region-wide changes affecting assemblage composition, or of any events that had impacted all of the sampling sites in any single year. Instead, different sites exhibited differing patterns of temporal variation, with certain sites displaying greater variation than others. Changes in community composition at some sites are interpreted in the light of knowledge of events at those sites and the relative sensitivities of species to various stressors, such as changes in cover of Acropora palmata and Millepora complanata at Sand Key following the bleaching events and hurricane in 1998, and declines in Montastraea annularis at Smith Shoal following a harmful algal bloom in 2002. For most sites, however, it is impossible to determine the causes of observed variation.

  13. En torno a un nuevo corpus musical en la Iglesia de San Ignacio: música, religión y sociedad en Santiago (1856-1925 Music, Religion and Society in Santiago (1856-1925: A New Musical Source discovered at the San Ignacio Church

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Vera

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo constituye una primera aproximación a la música de los jesuítas en Chile tras su expulsión en 1767 y, específicamente, al fondo musical conservado en la Iglesia de San Ignacio de Santiago. Los más de quinientos volúmenes impresos y manuscritos que lo componen datan aproximadamente de 1880 a 1960 y dan cuenta de la vida musical de dicha institución y el Colegio de San Ignacio, proporcionando información nueva sobre diversos músicos que desarrollaron una actividad relevante en la ciudad como intérpretes, directores y profesores. El período escogido para este estudio se extiende entre la fundación del colegio en 1856 hasta mediados de la década de 1920, cuando finaliza, para algunos historiadores, el llamado "Chile moderno". Los temas que se estudian son, entre otros: el repertorio conservado y su función, las relaciones entre el colegio y la sociedad santiaguina del período, y la repercusión que tuvieron en el medio local los procesos de reforma de la música sacra de fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XXThis article considers for the first time the music of the Jesuits in Chile after their expulsion in 1767. It is focused on the music collection preserved at the Church of San Ignacio in Santiago. It contains more than five hundred manuscript and printed sources dated from about 1880 to 1960, which reflect the musical life of this church and the Colegio (high school of San Ignacio. New data is supplied on relevant musicians who were active as performers, conductors and music teachers in Santiago. The period covered by this study begins in 1856 with the foundation of the Colegio, finishing about 1925, a year when, according to some historians, concludes the era of the so called "modern Chile". Among other issues, we shall study the musical repertory and its function; the relationships between the school and Santiago's social life, and the consequences of the reform of sacred music of the Catholic Church

  14. Disainikaart : Hispaania / Eve Arpo

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Arpo, Eve

    2009-01-01

    Hispaania tuntumad arhitektid, disainerid, kunstnikud. Antoni Gaudí (1852-1926), Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), Félix Candela (1910-1997), Marti Guixe, Santiago Calatrava, Herme Ciscar, Monica Garcia, Roger Arquer, Patricia Urquiola, Jaime Hayón

  15. Estereotipos sobre el envejecimiento seg?n el periodo del desarrollo y el g?nero

    OpenAIRE

    Sandino Forero, Juliana

    2016-01-01

    Teniendo en cuenta el dr?stico aumento en Colombia y el mundo de la poblaci?n adulta mayor la pir?mide poblacional se ha invertido. Lo que ha generado que cada vez haya m?s adultos mayores y la esperanza de vida sea mayor. Motivo por el cual surge la importancia de conocer diversos aspectos del envejecimiento, entre ellos los estereotipos. Adicionalmente hay muy poca investigaci?n relacionada con los estereotipos sobre el envejecimiento seg?n el g?nero y el periodo de desarrollo. Levy (2009)...

  16. Application of hydrochemistry and isotopic hydrology to identify recharge areas and characterize nitrate contamination in the Santiago Aquifer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tore, C; Grilli D-F, A; Aguirre, E.; Moya, P

    2001-01-01

    This work is the result of a joint effort of the Empresa Metropolitana de Obras Sanitarias (EMOS S. A. - Chile), the Comision Chilena de Energia Nuclear (CCHEN - Chile) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA - Austria). It has been carried out in the framework of the project ARCAL XXXI-RLA/8/023-9004 and under the auspice of the IAEA. This kind of project aims to provide technical knowledge in order to promote a sustainable use of groundwater resources for water supply in urban areas. The main goal of the ARCAL was to characterize the Santiago aquifer, specially those areas currently intensively exploited (or expected to be in the next future) and determine EMOS S. A. production wells capture zones to define protection areas. Among the specific objectives pursued it can be mentioned: -Determination of recharge areas and main hydrochemical features of groundwater in Santiago -Characterization of nitrate pollution and its most probable source (au)

  17. Mobile phone and cordless phone use and the risk for glioma - Analysis of pooled case-control studies in Sweden, 1997-2003 and 2007-2009.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hardell, Lennart; Carlberg, Michael

    2015-03-01

    We made a pooled analysis of two case-control studies on malignant brain tumours with patients diagnosed during 1997-2003 and 2007-2009. They were aged 20-80 years and 18-75 years, respectively, at the time of diagnosis. Only cases with histopathological verification of the tumour were included. Population-based controls, matched on age and gender, were used. Exposures were assessed by questionnaire. The whole reference group was used in the unconditional regression analysis adjusted for gender, age, year of diagnosis, and socio-economic index. In total, 1498 (89%) cases and 3530 (87%) controls participated. Mobile phone use increased the risk of glioma, OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.1-1.6 overall, increasing to OR=3.0, 95% CI=1.7-5.2 in the >25 year latency group. Use of cordless phones increased the risk to OR=1.4, 95% CI=1.1-1.7, with highest risk in the >15-20 years latency group yielding OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.1-2.5. The OR increased statistically significant both per 100h of cumulative use, and per year of latency for mobile and cordless phone use. Highest ORs overall were found for ipsilateral mobile or cordless phone use, OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.4-2.2 and OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.3-2.1, respectively. The highest risk was found for glioma in the temporal lobe. First use of mobile or cordless phone before the age of 20 gave higher OR for glioma than in later age groups. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Meteorological air pollution potential for Santiago, Chile: Towards an objective episode forecasting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rutllant, J; Garreaud, R

    1995-02-01

    The geography and climate of the Santiago basin are, in general, unfavorable for the diffusion of air pollutants. Consequently, extreme events occur frequently during the high pollution season extending from April to August. The meteorological conditions concurrent with those extreme events are mainly associated with the leading edges of coastal lows that bring down the base of the semipermanent temperature inversion reducing the dirunal growth of the surface mixed layer. In order to produce an objective 12 to 24-hour episode forecast, a two-way multivariate discriminant analysis has been used in the definition of a meteorological air-pollution potential index (MAPPI), separating high and low meteorological air-pollution potential days. The same procedure has been applied in the selection of the most efficient predictors for the MAPPI objective forecast, based on 12 and 24 UTC radiosonde data at Quintero, about 100 km to the NW of Santiago. Results indicate about 70% correctly forecasted days, with satisfactory skill-scores relative to persistency. The strong persistency characterizing the most efficient predictors in the 12-hour objective forecast scheme, makes the prediction of the first and last days of any particular air-pollution potential episode particularly difficult. To overcome this problem, a new set of predictors based on continuous measurements near the level of the top of the temperature inversion layer (900 hPa during air-pollution episodes) is being tested. Preliminary results indicate that the time-integrated zonal wind component at that level is a reliable precursor for both the onset and the end of air-pollution potential episodes.

  19. Del espectáculo cultural y sus efectos: arte y políticas culturales en Santiago de Compostela = The cultural spectacle and its effects: arts and cultural policies in Santiago de Compostela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Anxo Rodríguez González

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available En los años noventa Santiago de Compostela se convirtió en un ejemplo destacado de aplicación de políticas culturales a gran escala. Con una generosa financiación se llevaron a cabo proyectos arquitectónicos y programaciones culturales ambiciosas. Aunque la valoración general de sus efectos, a nivel urbanístico y económico, es muy positiva, en el ámbito específico de las artes las opiniones son encontradas. Esta investigación intenta dilucidar cuales fueron las repercusiones de estas políticas en el campo de las artes plásticas, a partir de una aproximación a los debates en el seno de la comunidad de creadores y gestores de espacios culturales.In the nineties Santiago de Compostela became a prominent implementing of largescale cultural policies example. With generous funding, ambitious architectural projects and cultural programs were conducted. Although the overall assessment of their effects on urban and economic level is very positive, in the specific field of arts opinions are problematic. This research aims to clarify the implications of these policies in the field of visual arts, from an approach to the debates within the community of creators and managers of cultural spaces.

  20. La manzana de la Catedral en Santiago de Chile: expansión y contrucción urbana, 1874-1913

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Macarena Ibarra

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo examina el proceso de desarrollo morfológico de la manzana de la Catedral Metropolitana de Santiago, entre 1874 y 1913. En este período la manzana sufrió radicales transformaciones y alteraciones, que se vinculan a un fenómeno de expansión y contracción urbana que se reflejan en la paulatina redefinición de los contornos interiores y exteriores de los edificios, las transformaciones de las tipologías de edificación y en la densificación urbana. Asimismo, este fenómeno de expansión se manifestó en la hegemonía que alcanzó la Iglesia como propietaria de gran parte de los solares y edificios de la manzana. Se propone que tanto la totalidad de la manzana como sus edificios más emblemáticos -Catedral Metropolitana, Palacio Arzobispal y Parroquia del Sagrario- fueron permeables a factores sociales y políticos, a los propios cambios de la Iglesia como institución, a las continuas transformaciones edilicias y a la modernización de Santiago a partir de las últimas décadas del siglo XIX.This article examines the process of morphologic development of Santiago's Cathedral block, between 1874 and 1913. During this period the block experienced radical transformations and alterations that were linked to a phenomenon of urban expansion and contraction. This process reflected the gradual redefinition of the interior and exterior contours of the buildings, the transformations of building typologies and of urban densification. This phenomenon of expansion became evident with the hegemony reached by the church as owner of most of the buildings on the block. The article proposes that the entirety of the block, as well as most of its emblematic buildings- Metropolitan Cathedral, Archbishop's Palace and the Sagrario Parish - were permeable to social and political factors, to the changes that were affecting the church as an institution, the permanent transformations in the urban fabric and the modernization of Santiago from the last

  1. Le Bassin de Ribeira Seca de Santiago, Cap Vert: une gestion basée sur l´approche GIRE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Januário da Rocha Nascimento

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Dans cet article, l´auteur caractérise l´eau et l´agriculture des îles du Cap Vert et analyse les défis del´eau après la construction du barrage de Poilao dans la Vallée de Ribeira Seca, sur l´île de Santiago,en se servant de l´approche GIRE (Gestion Intégrée des Ressources en Eau. Au niveau de la législation,il s´avère nécessaire de proposer de nouvelles lois, décrets et règlements qui soient en accord avecnotre réalité, en opposition à un important lot d´instruments juridiques inapplicables, obsolètes et decompréhension difficile. La construction du barrage de Poilão a produit des impacts environnementaux,socio-économiques et sur l´irrigation. Il s´agit de trouver un modèle de gestion qui s´adapte à la réalitédu Cap Vert et de l´île de Santiago, regroupant tous les partenaires pour une gestion durable de lavallée de Ribeira Seca et qui puisse servir d´exemple aux futurs barrages à construire.In this article, the author characterizes the water and agriculture of the islands of Cape Verde andanalyzes the challenges in the water after the dam construction Poilao in the Valley of Ribeira Seca,on the island of Santiago, using the IWRM (Integrated Water Resources Management approach. Interms of legislation, it is necessary to propose new laws, decrees and regulations that are consistentwith our reality, as opposed to a large batch of inapplicable legal instruments obsolete and difficult tounderstand. The construction of the dam has produced Poilão environmental, socio-economic impactsand irrigation. It is to find a model that fits the reality of Cape Verde and Santiago Island, involvingall partners for the sustainable management of the valley of Ribeira Seca and that can serve as anexample to future to build dams.

  2. Posicionamiento de las mujeres como locutoras en las transmisiones de programas radiales en Santiago de Chile

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Tomas, Dodds.; Amor, I.M.

    2016-01-01

    Este artículo busca describir el rol de las mujeres en las radios de Frecuencia Modulada que transmiten en Santiago de Chile. Para ello levanta información respecto a la cantidad de mujeres que ocupan roles de locución y observa a través de la categorización de los programas qué espacios se les han

  3. Indicadores de desempeño del sistema de riego del Rio Dulce, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Prieto, D.; Angella, G.; Angueira, M.C.; Pérez Carrera, A.; Moscuzza, C.

    2005-01-01

    Mucha atención se ha puesto en el estudio del desempeño de los sistemas de riego a partir de la década de 1990, al tomarse conciencia de los bajos resultados de muchos de ellos, y su impacto ambiental negativo. El Sistema de Riego del Río Dulce en Santiago del Estero (PRD), no es la excepción,

  4. Las aguas en la estructura urbana de Santiago de Chile.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jonás Figueroa Salas

    2009-07-01

    The water resources are necessary for development of production processes, human consumption and as a climate and landscape, among others. The last time the weather events have transformed the waters in dire terms of natural disasters, with a high impact on the people and the natural and built heritage in urban areas. This article presents some scope of an investigation about the role of river water and rainwater in the urban morphological structure of the nineteenth century city and the physical growth of the twentieth century. It concludes with the idea of turning water into instruments of sustainability in order to redevelop large parts of Santiago de Chile lacking quality elements, thereby surpassing the treatment of public works exclusively with which today is handled the issue.

  5. 36 Annual Meeting of Spanish Nuclear Society, Oct. 6-9 2010 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; 36 Reunion Anual Sociedad Nuclear Espanola, 6-8 de Octubre de 2010, Santiago de Compostela, Espana

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2010-07-01

    The Spanish Nuclear Society (SNE) is a non-profit association, made up of professionals and institutions in order to promote awareness and dissemination of science and nuclear technology. The 36th meeting of the SNE was held in Santiago de Compostela between 6 and 8 October 2010. Participants discussed the situation of nuclear energy and its challenges, the development of electric cars and their distributional implications, and the study of nuclear advertising on other countries and their potential application to the case of Spain.

  6. La Realidad de la Adquisicion del Lenguaje Oral y Escrito en una Muestra de Escuelas del Sector sur de Santiago. [The Reality of the Acquisition of Oral and Written Language in a Sample of Schools in the Southern Part of Santiago.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oyarce, Carmen Diaz; Mujica, Elena Alvarez-Salamanca

    2001-01-01

    Investigated reading and writing skills of socioeconomically deprived first graders in Santiago, Chile. Found that the children had low achievement in reading and writing and at the end of the school year had not acquired sufficient linguistic competence to successfully master these skills. Also found a dissociation between observed practice and…

  7. Complicaciones maternas de la cesárea en gestantes a término en periodo expulsivo en un hospital general de Lima, Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Puma

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Describir las complicaciones maternas de la cesárea en gestantes a término en periodo expulsivo en un hospital general. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo, tipo serie de casos, realizado en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia entre el 1 de enero de 2011 hasta el 31 diciembre de 2012. Se incluyeron 67 gestantes a término operadas en periodo expulsivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de las pacientes, se registraron las características clínicas y las complicaciones maternas. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio se realizaron 4 218 cesáreas, siendo el 1,84% hechas en periodo expulsivo. En general, 59/ 67 (88,1% presentaron algún tipo de complicación. Se observaron 8 casos de hipotonía uterina (11,9% y 2 (2,9% de atonía. En 5 (7,4% pacientes ocurrieron desgarros de segmento adyacente a la histerotomía, siendo 2 de ellos asociados a compromiso de cuerpo uterino y vagina, y 4 (5,9% casos a laceración de arteria uterina, uno fue bilateral. No se produjeron lesiones en tracto urinario ni digestivo y tampoco hubo necesidad de reintervención quirúrgica. Cuatro pacientes presentaron hemorragia puerperal, dos asociados a hipotonía uterina post cesárea. En 56 (83,5% casos ocurrió anemia post operatoria. Hubo 1 (1,5% caso de endometritis, 3 (4,5% infecciones de herida operatoria. Conclusiones: La cesárea realizada en período expulsivo ocasiona complicaciones frecuentes, algunas muy severas.

  8. Empleo y salarios en argentina en el periodo de la Post-Convertibilidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nilson Javier Ibagón Martín

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available El Articulo analiza los procesos de precarización laboral que se han dado en Argentina a la largo de los últimos 25 años, haciendo  especial énfasis en el llamado periodo de “post-convertibilidad” o “dólar alto”. En este sentido, se estudia para dicho periodo, la existencia de una serie de continuidades económicas y sociales  heredadas de la década del noventa, las cuales, ponen de manifiesto una serie de estrategias y políticas empleadas por parte de los sectores económicos dominantes, que les han permitido en buena parte, por un lado, transferir a las trabajadores los costos de las crisis económicas, y por otro, frenar el acceso de estos últimos a una             redistribución de la riqueza en tiempos de bonanza y crecimiento.Palabras clave: Empleo; Salarios bajos; Política Monetaria; Desindustrialización; Política Industrial. Employment and wages in argentina in the period of Post-ConvertibilityAbstract Article analyzes the processes of labor precariousness that have occurred in Argentina during the last 25 years, with particular emphasis in the period of “post-convertibility” or “high dollar”. In this direction, the existence of a number of inherited continuities of the nineties is studied. These legacies reveal a series of strategies and policies used by the dominant economic sectors, that have allowed them, on the one hand, transfer the costs of the economic crisis on workers, and secondly, curb the access of this group to a redistribution of wealth in good times and growth.Keywords: Employment; Low Wage; Monetary Policy; Deindustrialization; Industrial Policy.

  9. Los impactos del turismo en el Camino de Santiago Francés: una aproximación cualitativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clara Martín-Duque

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available El Camino de Santiago se configura como un Itinerario Cultural con una larga tradición tanto histórica como turística. En el plano turístico, el tramo Francés es el más desarrollado, habiendo experimentado en los últimos años un aumento continuado en el número de personas que lo realizan lo que, aunque a priori puede parecer positivo, es necesario estudiar en profundidad.  En concreto, el presente artículo aborda, mediante once entrevistas en profundidad dirigidas a expertos en turismo e Itinerarios Culturales, los principales impactos que ha generado el turismo en el Camino de Santiago Francés. En este sentido, los resultados nos ponen de manifiesto que, si bien es cierto que el auge del Camino Francés ha servido para que el territorio sea conocido a nivel internacional, también lo es que el aumento de visitantes está generando una situación de masificación y la consiguiente turistificación de la ruta.

  10. ciudades de México, 1980-2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Sobrino

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available En la era de la globalización la producción manufacturera ha evidenciado transformaciones en el qué se produce (cambio estructural, en el cómo se produce (cambio en el proceso de producción y en el para quién se produce (cambio en el destino de las mercancías. Tales transformaciones han repercutido en una readecuación en los patrones y determinantes de la localización industrial (reestructuración territorial. En este documento se analizan la evolución de la estructura económica y la producción manufacturera de México en el periodo 1980-2003, y las transformaciones en el patrón de distribución territorial en las principales ciudades del país. El universo de estudio comprende 81 ciudades con una población de 100 mil y más habitantes. Entre los hallazgos del estudio sobresale el que la reestructuración económica e industrial en México se ha caracterizado más por una ampliación cuantitativa de la base económica y menos por un cambio estructural cualitativo, salvo en el destino de la producción manufacturera, en donde se advierte una mayor inclinación hacia la exportación. Asimismo la reestructuración territorial ha estado determinada por el nuevo patrón locacional de la industria automotriz, la escasa dispersión espacial de las empresas maquiladoras, y la desindustrialización que han presentado algunas ciudades, particularmente la Ciudad de México.

  11. 1997 annual report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    Financial highlights for 1997 showed that Imperial Oil's earnings totaled a record $847 million, shareholders returns reached 47 per cent and earnings per share rose by 23 per cent, increasing for the sixth consecutive year. Production and financial performance were presented by major company divisions, including natural resources, petroleum products, chemicals, and corporate earnings. Overall, gains on asset sales, increased production from Cold Lake, improved industry margins and increased sales of petroleum products and record earnings levels in chemicals contributed to an excellent year for the company. Net bitumen production at Cold Lake increased to 108,000 barrels per day from 73,000 in 1996 as a result of improved operating performance from phases 1 to 8 of Cold Lake and the first full year of production from phases 9 and 10. Capital and exploration expenditures in 1997 were $639 million (up from $564 million in 1996). Research and development expenditures, directed mainly at developing better methods for heavy oil recovery, also showed an increase (to $61 million in 1997 from $46 million in 1996). Employment in 1997 was 7,096, down from 7,483 in 1996. Asset sales in natural resources and productivity programs in the refining and marketing organizations were the principal reasons for the decline. tabs., figs

  12. Trazas y trazos de la circulación musical en el virreinato del Perú: copistas de la catedral de Lima en Santiago de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vera Aguilera, Alejandro

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available This article seeks to expand the current knowledge about the circulation of music in the Viceroyalty of Peru, through a comparative study between music scores from the colonial period that have been preserved in the cathedrals of Lima and Santiago de Chile. Contributing with new musical and calligraphic concordances, it shows that some of the works held in Santiago were copied in the viceregal capital. It also raises convincing hypotheses about the possible Spanish origin of certain musical sources, as well as methodological contributions for the study of music copyists, complementing the existing ones. Finally, it goes on to question important assumptions about the musical life of Lima cathedral that have been transmitted in previous works.El presente trabajo busca ampliar el conocimiento actual sobre la circulación musical en el virreinato del Perú por medio de un estudio comparado entre las partituras del período colonial que se han conservado en las catedrales de Lima y Santiago de Chile. De esta forma, se establecen nuevas correspondencias tanto musicales como caligráficas, demostrándose que algunas de las obras conservadas en Santiago fueron copiadas en la capital del virreinato; se formulan hipótesis convincentes acerca del posible origen español de ciertas fuentes musicales; y se realizan aportaciones metodológicas para el estudio de los copistas de música, que complementan las ya existentes. Finalmente, el trabajo permite cuestionar importantes premisas sobre la vida musical de la catedral de Lima que nos han sido transmitidas en trabajos previos.

  13. Japan 2003

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ørstrup, Finn Rude; Hvass, Sven

    2003-01-01

    Kompendium udarbejdet til en studierejse til Japan  2003 Kunstakademiets Arkitektskole, Studieafdeling 10......Kompendium udarbejdet til en studierejse til Japan  2003 Kunstakademiets Arkitektskole, Studieafdeling 10...

  14. Evolución histórica de las farmacias en Santiago de Cuba en la primera mitad del siglo XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clara Aurora Zúñiga Moro

    Full Text Available Se expone la evolución de las farmacias en Santiago de Cuba durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, con sus características, auge y desarrollo; la organización del Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la ciudad; así como la participación en la vida social y política de los farmacéuticos en el territorio. Se mencionan las farmacias que prestaban servicio de guardia en caso de urgencias y se ofrece información sobre algunas dirigidas por graduadas de la especialidad en ese período, durante el cual la actividad farmacéutica en Santiago evolucionó, desde las farmacias iniciales al estilo colonial, hasta alcanzar un desarrollo superior vinculado con servicios de dispensario, patentes de medicamentos, atención a domicilio y horario de guardias nocturnas.

  15. Retrospective study of histological types of esophageal cancer prevalent in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Torrealba Bustos

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available This study tries to determine the statistical relation between the most frequent histological types of oesophageal carcinoma in the Metropolitan region of Santiago, Chile. For it there were obtained clinical samples of different laboratories of Pathological Anatomy of the Metropolitan region corresponding to the south and east sector of Santiago, gathering a total of 348 cases, which were diagnosed by means of endoscopic biopsy, using as parameters the morphologic characteristics of neoplastic tissue evaluated by light microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin dye. The obtained information was submitted to a model of logistic multiple regression, in order to determine the associations between the most frequent histological types of oesophageal cancer (adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma, topographic location compromised to the moment of the diagnosis, age and sex of the patients in study. The proportion between the histological types of cancer of esophagus did not present significant differences, which contrasts with the results of international publications. The analyses demonstrated that the low third is the only parameter that is subject to variation, which relates to the metaplasia of Barrett and the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

  16. Enfermedad periodontal en adolescentes

    OpenAIRE

    Navarro Napóles, Josefa

    2017-01-01

    Introducción: durante mucho tiempo se creyó que la enfermedad periodontal era una afección de la adultez, sin embargo la falta de motivación en la práctica de la higiene oral en la etapa de la adolescencia condiciona su aparición. Objetivo: identificar el estado periodontal en adolescentes de la escuela Secundaria Básica Urbana ¨Raúl Pujols¨, en la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba, en el periodo de septiembre 2014 hasta marzo 2015. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descript...

  17. El CAPM en Chile, evidencia de regularidades empíricas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Zuñiga J.

    1994-05-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN Este trabajo reporta los resultados de una investigación exploratoria respecto al efecto tamaño en los retornos accionarios chilenos. Usando datos mensuales del periodo 1989 a 1991 de la Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago, se estima los Betas accionarios ajustados por transacciones discontinuas con base en la metodología  de soles a Williams (1977, lo que permite estimar los Excesos de Retornos Acumulados para cada título accionario a través de la construcción de Portafolios de Control.

  18. El ruido en el ambiente laboral estomatológico

    OpenAIRE

    Grass Martínez, Yadia; Castañeda Deroncelé, Mario; Pérez Sánchez, Glenda; Rosell Valdenebro, Leyxi; Roca Serra, Lisandra

    2017-01-01

    Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 59 trabajadores que se encontraban laborando físicamente en el Servicio de Estomatología del Policlínico Docente "Julián Grimau García" de Santiago de Cuba, desde julio de 2015 hasta igual mes de 2016, con el objetivo de identificar los niveles de ruido existentes en el ambiente laboral de dicho Servicio. En la serie se obtuvo que los departamentos de mayor nivel de ruido resultaron ser: Prótesis (73,2 dB), Ortodoncia y Periodo...

  19. [The work of Santiago Ramón y Cajal in the Revista Trimestral Micrográfica (Trabajos del Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biológicas)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gamundí, A; Timoner, G; Nicolau, M C; Rial, R V; Esteban, S; Langa, M A

    This paper is based on a study of Revista Trimestral Micrografica (Trabajos del Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biologicas) between its creation by Santiago Ramon y Cajal in 1896 and his death in 1934. The journal Revista Trimestral Micrografica was the main way in which Santiago Ramon y Cajal and his school published their work since its creation. Ramon y Cajal created the journal for two main reasons: first, he needed a rapid system to publish his own work; second, the journal could serve to encourage his pupils. The journal published many important reports defending the neuronal theory which expanded the cellular one to include the nervous system.

  20. Characterization of airborne particulate matter in Santiago, Chile. Part 6: elemental determination by neutron activation analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cassorla, V.; Rojas, X.; Andonie, O.; Gras, N.

    1995-01-01

    Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for the chemical characterization of airborne particulate matter from some locations in the city of Santiago, Chile. The following elements were determined: Al, As, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Na, Sb, Sc, V y Zn. The accuracy of the experimental procedure was evaluated using a standard reference material. (author). 3 refs, 3 figs, 4 tabs

  1. In-seam seismic surveys at Polio and Santiago collieries during the month of January

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    1987-01-01

    In-seam seismic surveys were carried out over the last two weekends in January in order to assess two coal panels, one in seam Cuatro at Polio colliery between levels 4 and 5 of the Centella field and the other in the Mariana seam at Santiago colliery between levels 3,5, and 7 in the Desquite zone. Geological research called in-seam seismics, which is just being developed in Spain, is a geophysical method developed specially for detailed investigation of coal seams.

  2. Mortality due to malignancies in Santiago de Cuba province during 2010

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Soler Santana, Raxsy; Soler Santana, Angel Luis; Carbonel Garcia, Isabel Cristina; Brossard Cisnero, Marlenis

    2011-01-01

    A descriptive and cross-sectional study on mortality due to cancer in Santiago de Cuba province during 2010 was carried out, taking into account 1 819 deceased at a rate of 173,9 every 100 000 inhabitants. This rate increased compared to the previous year with a male mortality predominance of elderly aged 75 and over, as well as mortality in Mella and II Frente municipalities. Most common malignancies in women were detected in lungs, breast, and colon; while in men, they were preponderantly diagnosed in prostate, lungs, and colon. For this reason, it is recommendable addressing and planning health actions according to the stratified mortality risk in each municipality of this province. (author)

  3. ENVIRONMENTAL TAX IN CUBA, CONTROL YOUR FUND IN SANTIAGO DE CUBA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maira Vázquez-Díaz

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available By issuing the Law 73 of the Tax System in 1994, the taxation on the usage and exploitation of natural resources began to be applied to promote a rational usage of these resources on the protection of the environment. This article refers to the application of this tax in Cuba based on records of imprinted and digital bibliography containing considerations of environmental economists about the subject on a legal approach. It also offers the reader a general view of the application of this tax in the province of Santiago de Cuba as well as information for the specialists incharge of collecting its income which is used to encourage the protection of the environment. 

  4. Las juntas directivas en la capitalización de empresas en Colombia para el periodo 1956-1973

    OpenAIRE

    Castellanos Cabrera, Germán Andrés

    2015-01-01

    El presente documento realiza una descripción de como estaban estructuradas las juntas directivas de las principales empresas del país para el periodo de 1956 a 1957. De manera simultánea, se lleva a cabo un cuidadoso análisis, junto con un ejercicio comparativo, de si estas estructuras estaban en acorde a lo que sugiere la literatura acerca de la Gobernanza Corporativa.

  5. Biogas potential in the meat installation of Santiago de Cuba

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Recio Recio, Angel Amado; Martinez Rotger, Jose Luis; Palacios Barrera, Antonio

    2011-01-01

    The Meat Processing Center of Santiago is located 13 kilometers from the city of the same name in the National Freeway. There, 61 heads of bovine livestock are sacrificed daily approximately around 325 Kg. of weight average and 197 pigs of 80 kg. of weight average, which has a demurrage average between 2 and 3 days in the corrals of the Meat Processing Center which generates a significant amount of excretes, rumen (food not digested by the bowels), bleed fluff, slops, meat residuals and fatty, as well as tripes, all that which constitutes a waste of a discharge at the present time loads pollutant that besides not taking advantage, for the maintenance of some appropriate norms of hygiene, the Meat Processing Center of meat by products is under the obligation of using big quantities of water, which constitutes an important factor of the elaboration cost. After that, the treatment in the plant and its final discharge in acceptable drains increase the general expenses. The big slaughterhouses can produce waste waters with a biochemical demand of oxygen of five days of 1300 ppm. The treatment of the waste and elimination of the waste waters coming from slaughterhouses and meat processing plants are an economic necessity and of public health. The main objectives of this work were: 1) To calculate the energy potentialities of the residuals of the productions pig, bovine and other residuals to transform them into energy and their effluents like organic fertilizer cleans of pathogen elements, by means of the process of anaerobic fermentation. 2) To Transform the Biomass into energy given by the different economic activities of the entity, taking advantage of the same one in the process. To achieve these results we have used the literature in this respect and the experience that exists in the province of Santiago from Cuba in this direction, as for the use of the residuals for the biogas production and to dedicate it to the cooking of food and the production of electric

  6. Las nuevas casas de la Inquisición en Santiago de Compostela: del palacio de Monterrey a la sede de Porta da Mámoa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pita Galán, Paula

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available In 1726 the Inquisition decided to rebuild its building: the Palace of Monterrey, in Santiago de Compostela. This intervention should have been made according to a project of Fernando de Casas but caused the moving of the Santo Oficio to a new building known as Casa Grande del Horreo or de Calo, in front of Porta da Mámoa. Thanks to unknown documents and the collection of plates of the Inquisition conserved at Archivo Histórico Universitario de Santiago, we will analized the circumstances that caused the change of building as well as propose an hypothetical reconstruction of the Casa de Calo from the testimonies of those who knew it before of the deep removal, directed by the master mason of San Martín Pinario fray Francisco Velasco that transform it into a Palace of the Inquisition.

    En 1726 el Tribunal de la Inquisición se propuso remodelar sus instalaciones en el Palacio de Monterrey, en Santiago de Compostela. Dicha intervención, que debía realizarse según un proyecto de Fernando de Casas, determinó el traslado del Santo Oficio a un nuevo inmueble: la Casa Grande del Hórreo o de Calo, frente a la Porta da Mámoa. A partir de documentación inédita y del estudio de la colección de planos de la Inquisición que conserva el Archivo Histórico Universitario de Santiago, analizaremos las circunstancias que motivaron el cambio de sede, y reconstruiremos la Casa de Calo según los testimonios de quienes la conocieron antes de que una profunda remoción dirigida por fray Francisco Velasco, maestro de obras de San Martín Pinario, la transformase en un palacio de la Inquisición. [gl] En 1726 o Tribunal da Inquisición propúxose remodelar a súas instalacións no Pazo de Monterrey, en Santiago de Compostela. Dita intervención, que debíase realizar seguindo un proxecto de Fernando de Casas, determinou o traslado do Santo Ofi cio a un novo inmoble: a Casa Grande do Hórreo ou de Calo, frente a Porta da Mámoa. A partir de

  7. ¿ES ÚTIL EL ANÁLISIS TÉCNICO EN PERIODOS DE CRISIS FINANCIERA? Evidencia para el mercado bursátil latinoamericano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christian Espinosa

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo investigamos si los instrumentos de análisis técnico son útiles en periodos de crisis financieras. Considerando cuatro de los principales índices latinoamericanos —Bovespa (Brasil, IGBLV (Perú, IPC (México e IPSA (Chile— no encontramos Considerando cuatro de los principales índices latinoamericanos —Bovespa (Brasil, IGBLV (Perú, IPC (México e IPSA (Chile— no encontramos evidencia a favor del uso de análisis técnico en periodos de crisis financiera. Las técnicas que otorgan rentabilidades más altas no son las mismas que reportan rendimientos más bajos. En general, los instrumentos de mediano plazo son los que reportan un mayor rendimiento, mientras que los de corto plazo reportan un menor rendimiento.

  8. Epidemiología de las consultas pediátricas respiratorias en Santiago de Chile desde 1993 a 2009 Epidemiology of pediatric respiratory consultations in Santiago de Chile, from 1993 to 2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Astudillo

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: El presente trabajo se propone describir la metodología de análisis y la distribución global de las consultas de morbilidad -particularmente las de tipo respiratorio- en menores de 15 años de edad de la ciudad Santiago de Chile, Chile, con el objetivo de conocer sus diferencias según grupos etarios, su comportamiento estacional y su evolución a lo largo de los años. MÉTODOS: Se investigó la distribución de las consultas de morbilidad pediátrica (CP -en especial las respiratorias- y su evolución en un período de 17 años. En siete centros centinela de Santiago de Chile se recolectó prospectivamente información diaria de todas las CP, agrupadas en infecciones no respiratorias e infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA. RESULTADOS: Entre enero de 1993 y diciembre de 2009 se registraron 1 947 477 CP, de las cuales 1 188 029 (61,0% fueron por causa respiratoria: 656 567 (33,7% por enfermedad respiratoria aguda de vía aérea baja (IRAb, 418 932 (21,5% por síndrome bronquial obstructivo (SBO y 48 669 (2,5% por neumonía. Neumonía y SBO fueron más frecuentes en menores de 5 años. Las IRAb, SBO y neumonía presentaron una significativa tendencia a la disminución durante el período observado. Las IRA constituyen la primera causa de CP en atención primaria de salud y el SBO es la primera causa específica de consulta pediátrica. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados enfatizan la necesidad de asignar o redestinar recursos en programas de promoción, educación, prevención y tratamiento de estas enfermedades, con la debida focalización que determina su variación estacional.OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the analytical methodology and overall distribution of these consultations-particularly respiratory consultations-for children under 15 years of age in Santiago de Chile, Chile. The aim is to understand differences by age groups, as well as seasonal trends and trends over the years. METHODS: The research covered the distribution of

  9. Cambio generacional del consumo de frutas y verduras en México a través de un análisis de edad-periodo-cohorte 1994-2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabiola LópezGonzález

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Cuantificar el cambio en el consumo de frutas y verduras en México entre 1994 y 2014, identificar su tendencia en el tiempo y segmentar el grupo de hogares por nivel de consumo, según la edad de la cabeza del hogar, con la intención de comprender la evolución del consumo de frutas y verduras de la población mexicana. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron datos sobre gasto en frutas y verduras, provenientes de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingreso y Gasto en Hogares de 1994 a 2014; se realizó una prueba F sobre el consumo per cápita para identificar si el incremento es significativo y se llevó a cabo la modelación edad-cohorte-periodo de esta misma variable para anticipar cambios a largo plazo. Resultados: Los hábitos de compra de frutas y verduras entre 1994 y 2014 reflejan un incremento en el consumo de estos alimentos de 60 gramos (30.3% en el periodo de observación. Se encontraron efectos edad-cohorte-periodo y una relación positiva entre el consumo de frutas y verduras y la edad. Conclusiones: El consumo de frutas y verduras se incrementó en forma significativa durante el periodo estudiado; se espera que continúe al alza como consecuencia del envejecimiento poblacional. Es necesario aumentar el consumo de estos alimentos en los jóvenes a fin de prevenir el desarrollo de padecimientos crónicos.

  10. Entrevista a Santiago Álvarez de Mon

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio López

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Santiago Álvarez de Mon es un profesor de obligada referencia académica y profesional en el ámbito de los valores humanos en la alta dirección empresarial. Doctor en sociología y ciencias políticas por la Universidad de Salamanca (España, es profesor en el Instituto de Estudios Superiores de la Empresa de la Universidad de Navarra (IESE, actualmente considerada como una de las diez escuelas de negocios más prestigiosas del mundo. Álvarez de Mon es autor de varios artículos y libros sobre el liderazgo empresarial, entre los que destacan “El mito del líder” o “Desde la adversidad: liderazgo, cuestión de carácter”, basado en las historias de vida e investigación sobre destacados personajes como Nelson Mandela, Hellen Keller, José Carreras o Lance Armstrong, entre otros. Ha trabajado como directivo en la banca española, así como en el sector de grandes cadenas de distribución, y actualmente combina su labor docente con el asesoramiento a varias compañías en materias de liderazgo y trabajo en equipo.

  11. Seismic microzoning from synthetic ground motion parameters: Case study, Santiago de Cuba

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alvarez, Leonardo; Vaccari, Franco; Panza, Giuliano F.; Pico, Ramon

    2003-08-01

    Synthetic seismograms (P - SV and SH waves) have been calculated along 6 profiles in Santiago de Cuba basin, with a cutoff frequency of 5 Hz, by using the hybrid approach (modal summation for a regional (ID) structure plus finite differences for a local (2D) structure embedded in the first). They correspond to a scenario earthquake of M S = 7 that may occur in Oriente fault zone, directly south of the city. As initial data for a seismic microzoning, the characterisation of earthquake effects has been made considering several relative (2D/1D) quantities (PGDR, PGVR, PGAR, DGAR, I A R etc.) and functions representative of the ground motion behaviour in soil (2D) with respect to bedrock (ID). The functions are the response spectra ratio RSR(f), already routinely used in this kind of work, and the elastic energy input ratio E I R(f), defined, for the first time, in this paper. These data, sampled at 105 sites within all the profiles have been classified in two steps, using logical combinatory algorithms: connected sets and compact sets. In the first step, from the original ground motion parameters or functions extracted from the synthetic seismograms, 9 sets have been classified and the partial results show the spatial distribution of the soil behaviour as function of the component of motion. In the second step, the results of the classification of the 9 sets have been used as input for a further classification that shows a spatial distribution of sites with a quasi-homogeneous integral ground motion behaviour. By adding the available geological surface data, a microzoning scheme of Santiago de Cuba basin has been obtained. (author)

  12. Poverty Monitor 2003

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Cok Vrooman; Henk-Jan Dirven; Stella Hoff; Ger Linden

    2003-01-01

    Original title: Armoedemonitor 2003. The Poverty Monitor 2003 (Armoedemonitor 2003) contains the most up-to-date figures on poverty in the Netherlands. The data were collected and analysed by the Netherlands Institute for Social Research/SCP and Statistics Netherlands (CBS). The extent of and

  13. Tulevikulinn Malmö sadamasse / Tõnu Vare

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Vare, Tõnu, 1947-

    2001-01-01

    Elamumessi "Bo'01" puhuks ehitatavast linnaosast. Tulevikumaja eeskujuks saab arhitektide Kaj Wartiaise ja Ingrid Reppeni kuuekorruseline Havshus. 2003. aastaks valmib 45-korruseline Santiago Calatrava projekteeritud elamu Turning Torso

  14. La labor reconstructora de Francisco Somolinos en Langreo, Asturias: la iglesia parroquial de Santiago Apóstol = The Rebuilding Task of Francisco Somolinos in Langreo, Asturias: The Parish Church of Santiago Apostol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Noelia Fernández García

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Después de la Guerra Civil, la arquitectura española estuvo regida por el estilo establecido por la Dirección General de Regiones Devastadas. A partir de este momento, en la construcción de los templos se recuperaron los historicismos más representativos de la historia del catolicismo, tales como serían el románico y el gótico, por ser considerados los adecuados para mostrar el espíritu de la Iglesia. Así, la iglesia parroquial de Santiago Apóstol, construida por Francisco Somolinos en el concejo asturiano de Langreo, resulta un ejemplo clave de la arquitectura religiosa de posguerra ya que evidencia claramente las nuevas formas de actuación arquitectónica durante el primer franquismo.After the Civil War, the style established by the so -called General Direction of Devastated Regions ruled Spanish architecture. Since that moment, the most representative historic styles of Catholicism were recovered for the construction of new churches, such as the Romanesque or the Gothic style, because they were considered as suitable to show the essence and spirit of the religious institution. Thus, Santiago Apóstol parish church, built by Francisco Somolinos in the council of Langreo, is a great example of post-war religious architecture because it shows the new architectural tendencies during the first years of Franco’s dictatorship.

  15. Un mapa Geológico inédito de la Sierra de Albarracín (C. Ibérica) de Santiago Rodríguez (1824-1876)

    OpenAIRE

    Puche Riart, Octavio; Boixereu Vila, E.; López Olmedo, F.

    2015-01-01

    En la biblioteca del IGME, se encuentra un ejemplar de un mapa titulado Plano geognóstico de una parte de las provincias de Teruel y Guadalajara firmado por Santiago Rodríguez. Se trata de un documento inédito no fechado, por lo que, hasta ahora, no se había tenido en cuenta en la historiografía geológica española. Santiago Rodríguez (1824-1876) fue un ingeniero de minas nacido en Zaragoza, que cursó sus estudios en la Escuela de Minas de Madrid. Desarrolló toda su carrera profesional e...

  16. Camino de Santiago y Xacobeo 2010 en los portales turísticos de las Comunidades Autónomas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dra. Mª-Dolores Fernández-Poyatos

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza los portales web turísticos de las comunidades autónomas españolas por donde cruzan rutas históricas jacobeas. Considerando que tanto el Camino de Santiago como la celebración del Xacobeo 2010 son oportunidades turísticas para estas comunidades, esta investigación se ha planteado como objetivo principal determinar el tratamiento que de ellos han realizado en sus portales web dichas autonomías; para ello, se valora, primero, el grado de calidad de las webs y, segundo, se comprueba si en los portales web se ha considerado el año jacobeo y el producto turístico Camino de Santiago para promocionar sus propios territorios autonómicos. En la investigación, se ha revisado la bibliografía y definido los conceptos utilizados; se han seleccionado las variables para medir los parámetros de calidad web y se ha realizado un análisis del contenido y diseño de las webs turísticas. Como conclusión, se constata que el portal web de Galicia es el que más exhaustivamente trata el Xacobeo 2010 y el Camino de Santiago. El resto de autonomías ofrece en sus portales turísticos información sobre el Xacobeo 2010 y el Camino dispar, que varía de unas a otras. Por la trascendencia del acontecimiento turístico del Xacobeo 2010 y la importancia de Internet como herramienta de comunicación, el grupo de investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un nuevo análisis de los portales institucionales una vez finalice el año 2010.

  17. Residential Solar PV Planning in Santiago, Chile: Incorporating the PM10 Parameter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Cáceres

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper addresses an economic study of the installation of photovoltaic (PV solar panels for residential power generation in Santiago, Chile, based on the different parameters of a PV system, such as efficiency. As a performance indicator, the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE was used, which indicates the benefit of the facility vs. the current cost of electrical energy. In addition, due to a high level of airborne dusts typically associated with PM10, the effect of the dust deposition on PV panels’ surfaces and the effect on panel performance are examined. Two different scenarios are analyzed: on-grid PV plants and off-grid PV plants.

  18. Understanding Hydrological Regime Alterations Caused by dams: the Santiago River case in the Andean Region of the Amazon Basin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosero-Lopez, D.; Flecker, A.; Walter, M. T.

    2016-12-01

    Water resources in South America have been clearly targeted as key sources for hydropower expansion over the next 30 years. Ecuador, among the most biologically diverse countries in the world, has the highest density of hydropower dams, either operational, under construction, or planned, in the Amazon Basin. Ecuador's ambitious plan to change its energy portfolio is conceived to satisfy the country's demand and to empower the country to be the region's first hydroelectric energy exporter. The Santiago watershed located in the southeast part of the country has 39 facilities either under construction or in operation. The Santiago River and its main tributaries (Zamora and Upano) are expected to be impounded by large dams over the next 10 years. In order to understand the magnitude and potential impacts of regional dam development on hydrological regimes, a 35-year historical data set of stream discharge was analyzed. We examined flow regimes for time series between the construction of each dam, starting with the oldest and largest built in 1982 up until the most recent dam built in 2005. Preliminary results indicate a systematic displacement in flow seasonality following post-dam compared to pre-dam conditions. There are also notable differences in the distributions of peaks and pulses in post-dam flows. The range of changes from these results shows that punctuated and cumulative impacts are related to the size of each new impoundment. These observations and their implications to the livelihoods, biota, and ecosystems services in the Santiago watershed need to be incorporated into a broader cost-benefit analysis of hydropower generation in the western Amazon Basin.

  19. GORDURA, DISCRIMINACIÓN Y CLASISMO: UN ESTUDIO EN JÓVENES DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE

    OpenAIRE

    María Alejandra Energici Sprovera; Elaine Acosta Gonzáles; Florencia Borquez Grancelli; Macarena Huaiquimilla Paredes

    2017-01-01

    Resumen El estudio de la obesidad desde la psicología social se ha realizado principalmente desde una aproximación cognitivo conductual omitiendo los contextos sociales en que se realizan juicios discriminadores. Con el objetivo de comprender los significados con que se construye la gordura y su interacción con otras formas de exclusión social, hemos realizado un estudio cualitativo de jóvenes de Santiago de Chile. Trabajamos con tres grupos de discusión, que analizamos siguiendo las directri...

  20. El inicio de la formación de doctores en ciencias en Santiago de Cuba: una experiencia singular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilkie Delgado Correa

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available A partir de la fundación de las escuelas de Medicina y Estomatología en 1962 y 1963, respectivamente, que fueran parte de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Oriente, se inició en fecha temprana, además de la docencia de pregrado, la investigación científica en varios campos, tanto en las ciencias básicas como en las clínicas. El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito resaltar la experiencia singular del inicio de la formación de doctores en ciencias en Santiago de Cuba. Desde el año 1972 se logró implementar un plan de formación de los cuadros científicos y un programa de investigaciones, conducentes al grado científico de doctorado en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, con el apoyo de las facultades de ciencias respectivas de la Universidad de Oriente y la tutoría de varios asesores soviéticos en distintas ramas biomédicas

  1. Auditoría financiera y tributaria a la empresa Fideos Paraíso, periodo fiscal 2013

    OpenAIRE

    Cusco Quinde, Ana Jackeline

    2014-01-01

    El documento consiste en una Auditoría Financiera y Tributaria a la Empresa Fideos Paraíso, periodo fiscal 2013; obteniendo como resultado, luego del análisis, un informe de auditoría con salvedades en la parte contable-financiera y tributaria. The document is a Financial and Tax Audit Company Fideos Paraíso, fiscal year 2013; resulting in, after the analysis, a qualified audit report on the financial and tax accounting part.

  2. Voluntariado y Edades: Observaciones desde la juventud, adultez y vejez voluntaria de la ciudad de Santiago

    OpenAIRE

    Nelson Sepúlveda Miranda; Antonio Muñoz Mayne-Nicholls

    2009-01-01

    El voluntariado, entendido como una manifestación de la colaboración, se construye a partir de los observadores que describen y explican su realidad. En este sentido, el presente texto abordará las comunicaciones más recurrentes sobre voluntariado, identificadas por jóvenes, adultos y adultos mayores voluntarios de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile; quienes, al producir comunicaciones colaborativas, construyen -a su vez- sus propias edades.

  3. Peligrosidad sísmica de la región de Santiago de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomás J. Chuy-Rodríguez

    2001-03-01

    Full Text Available Se caracteriza la peligrosidad sísmica de la provincia y ciudad de Santiago de Cuba, en términos de intensidad, aceleración, velocidad y desplazamiento. Los parámetros de peligrosidad sísmica se presentan en forma de mapas independientes utilizando períodos de recurrencia para cada valor de los parámetros de la amenaza; a tiempo que, de forma probabilística para diferentes tiempos de vida útil y probabilidad de ocurrencia para una red de cuadrículas de 1 km2 en toda la cuenca de Santiago de Cuba, se definen para cada una de ellas, las correspondientes curvas de nivel de amenaza. Los parámetros de peligrosidad sísmica están preparados como Bases de Datos Digitales, para su implementación en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG con fines de prevención y manejo de desastres sismológicos, por ser imprescindibles para la planificación, proyección y diseño del desarrollo socioeconómico de estos territorios, ya que permiten la valoración del nivel de riesgo que se quiera asumir en áreas de interés. En la actualidad son la base de referencia y consulta para el establecimiento de definiciones de planeamiento urbano y de uso de suelos, así como para proyectos ubicados en estos territorios. Constituyen, igualmente, un elemento de consulta por la Defensa Civil en los planes de medidas para caso de terremotos

  4. LOS MARCADORES DE REFORMULACIÓN EN EL CORPUS PRESEEA DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abelardo San Martín Núñez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es ampliar nuestra aproximación variacionista, informada en Rojas et al. (2012, a los marcadores de reformulación en el español hablado en Santiago de Chile. Para tal propósito, se identificaron las partículas que cumplían la mencionada función en una muestra de 54 entrevistas que conforman el Corpus Sociolingüístico de preseea de Santiago. En el análisis, se consideraron el concepto y la clasificación de los marcadores del discurso de Martín Zorraquino y Montolío (1998; Martín Zorraquino y Portolés (1999; Portolés (2001; y Loureda y Acín (2010. Se identificaron las partículas que cumplían la función de reformulación, según diferentes subtipos (explicación, rectificación, recapitulación y distanciamiento. Basándonos en la conmutabilidad funcional (semántica y pragmática de estos marcadores, se procedió a su análisis cuantitativo, según las variables sexo, edad y nivel educacional de los informantes. En general, los resultados del estudio muestran que las partículas o sea, igual y al final, así como el subtipo de los reformuladores explicativos, son los más frecuentes. Asimismo, el factor edad de los sujetos es el más sensible al empleo de las partículas relevadas.

  5. La gobernabilidad metropolitana de Santiago: la dispar relación de poder de los municipios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ARTURO ORELLANA

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available En ausencia de un gobierno metropolitano, las grandes ciudades que sostienen la problemática de una gestión multinivel, es decir, donde se sobrepone la acción del gobierno central, regional y de un conjunto significativo de municipios, generan un escenario complejo para la gobernabilidad en pro de un desarrollo urbano y territorial equilibrado. Desde esta perspectiva, la gran disparidad en la configuración socioterritorial que muestra el Área Metropolitana de Santiago constituye un reflejo de la estructura de poder sobre el espacio metropolitano, donde las comunas del cono oriente muestran un mejor posicionamiento para orientar las acciones públicas y privadas a favor del interés público de su población residenteIn the absence of metropolitan level government, large cities retain the problems associated with multilevel management whereby the activities of central government, regional government and numerous municipal governments overlap, generating in turn a complex scenario for governance in favour of balanced urban and regional development. From this perspective, the significant disparity in socio-spatial configuration within the Santiago Metropolitan Area reflects the structure of power within this metropolitan space, whereby municipalities in the eastern cone are better able to shape public and private actions in support of the public interests of their resident populations.

  6. Mercado metropolitano de trabajo y desigualdades sociales en el Gran Santiago: ¿Una ciudad dual?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos A. de Mattos

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Los cambios estructurales en los mercados metropolitanos de trabajo bajo los procesos de reestructuración-informacionalización-globalización, se han situado como un tema central para el estudio de la transformación de las ciudades durante las últimas décadas. Desde esta perspectiva, el presente trabajo analiza los impactos que los procesos de modernización capitalista en Chile han tenido sobre su mercado de trabajo y sobre la evolución de la distribución del ingreso, y sobre esta base, observa sus efectos sobre la estructuración socio-territorial del Gran Santiago, discutiendo especialmente la pertinencia de la tesis de la dualización para este caso particular. Para ello, en una primera parte se esbozan los rasgos fundamentales de esta tesis, se analizan los fundamentos con los que ha sido presentada y las causas que se le atribuyen. En la segunda parte se revisan las principales transformaciones producidas en esta fase de modernización capitalista en Chile, y la evolución de las desigualdades sociales y la segregación urbana en el Gran Santiago a la luz de las transformaciones producidas en su mercado de trabajo. En la tercera y última parte, se plantea la discusión sobre la aplicabilidad de la tesis de la dualización al caso chileno

  7. ICPES World Congress 2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chu-Pak Lau

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available The XII World Congress on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology is co-organised by the International Cardiac Pacing & Electrophysiology Society (ICPES and the Hong Kong College of Cardiology (HKCC. It will take place at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre on February 19-22, 2003. The World Congress has been organized in various countries, including USA, France, The Netherlands, Japan, Canada, Austria, Israel, Argentina and Germany. The coming Congress is going to be held in the centre of Asia where East meets West – Hong Kong, which is now a Special Administrative Region of China since 1997. Hong Kong continues to enjoy a high degree of autonomy, and has remained an important center of finance, information technology, tourism, trade and exchange in Asia. In addition, it enjoys increasing interaction with the rapidly developing Mainland China. Developed with the assistance of a broadly represented International Scientific Advisory Committee, the scientific programme will feature 11 major topics - “Electrophysiology”, “Catheter Ablation”, “Pacing”, “Defibrillation”, “Pharmacology”, “Hybrid Therapy”, “Pediatric Arrhythmias”, “Arrhythmias for Allied Professionals”, “Genetics & Gene Therapy”, “ECG, Noninvasive Evaluation & Risk Stratification” and “Implantable Monitoring Devices”. It includes Plenary Sessions, Core Sessions, Expert Sessions, Featured Symposia, Live Demonstration, Teaching Courses, Abstract Presentations and Poster Sessions.

  8. Contraceptive use and associated factors among adolescents on Santiago Island - Cape Verde - Western Africa Uso de métodos anticoncepcionais e fatores associados em adolescentes da Ilha de Santiago - Cabo Verde - África Ocidental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Mendes Tavares

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: to estimate the prevalence of contraceptive use and associated factors among adolescents attending public schools on Santiago Island, Cape Verde. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 368 sexually active adolescents aged 13-17years attending eight public elementary and high schools, randomly selected, on Santiago Island, Cape Verde, between January and March 2007. Poisson regression with robust variance was used for the multiple analysis of risk factors, at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: among 368 adolescents, 69.3% reported having used a contraceptive method during the last act of sexual intercourse. The most frequently used method were condom (94.9% and pill (26.4%. Factors significantly and positively associated with contraceptive use were: living in the capital (PR=1.23; CI95%: 1.07; 1.39; having dated and had sexual intercourse (PR =1.53; CI95%: 1.14;2.06; and having more than nine years of schooling (PR=1.19; CI95%: 1.02; 1.38. CONCLUSIONS: more educated adolescents who studied in Praia (the capital city and were dating at the time of the study were more likely to use contraception. The high prevalence of condom use and the association between contraception use and years of schooling among adolescents may indicate that sexual and reproductive health policies have produced positive outcomes that may account for the decrease in HIV infection.OBJETIVO: estimar a prevalência do uso de métodos anticoncepcionais (MAC e fatores associados entre adolescentes de escola pública na ilha de Santiago em Cabo Verde. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, realizado entre janeiro e março de 2007, com amostra aleatória de 368 adolescentes de 13 a 17 anos de idade, com vida sexual ativa, provenientes de oito escolas secundárias públicas da ilha de Santiago. Para análise múltipla dos fatores de risco foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson ajustada pela estimativa robusta de variância considerando-se nível de signific

  9. Elaboración de material didáctico para mejorar el aprendizaje en el área de matemáticas con los niños del séptimo año de Educación Básica de la escuela Daniel Villagómez, parroquia Tayuza, cantón Santiago, de la provincia de Morona Santiago 2010-2011

    OpenAIRE

    Villalta López, Tránsito Guadalupe

    2011-01-01

    El presente trabajo trata de la elaboración de material didáctico para el área de matemáticas, específicamente para el séptimo año de educación básica de la escuela Daniel Villagómez, perteneciente a la parroquia Tayuza, cantón Santiago provincia de Morona Santiago, debido a que los niños y niñas tienen un bajo rendimiento en la asignatura de matemáticas y con el material didáctico se quiere promover un aprendizaje interactivo, mediante la manipulación y los profesores, pueden ver sus esfuerz...

  10. Anglicism in the press of Santiago de Cuba city

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yusnel Tabares-Tabares

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available The preliminary findings from an unfinished investigation having a synchronic approach are presented. The objective of this study is to analyze the English loanwords that appear in the press of Santiago de Cuba city at the beginning of the XX century. This analysis will allow to draw significant conclusions concerning the presence of anglicisms in the Spanish spoken in Cuba. The methodology is based on a random revision of “El Cubano Libre” newspaper, at the time it is counted some aspects, namely: how many anglicisms were found, their typology, grammatical category, their frequency of appearance, and the year they were published in the dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy.  Among the outstanding results is remarkable that few English loanwords were registered in the dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy, the topics more profitable to search were those of politics and sport, and the sort of anglicisms more frequent belong to the category of patent loanword.

  11. LOCALIZACIONES PARA UNA ESPACIALIDAD: TERRITORIOS DE LA MIGRACIÓN PERUANA EN SANTIAGO DE CHILE

    OpenAIRE

    Garcés H, Alejandro

    2012-01-01

    El siguiente artículo aborda algunas transformaciones del espacio urbano de santiago de Chile que son inducidas o producidas a partir del proceso de incremento del flujo migratorio peruano de los últimos 15 años. Desde una perspectiva etnográfica y a través de las biografías y trayectorias individuales de los migrantes y de la observación de sus usos y apropiaciones de los espacios urbanos, se ha detectado la configuración de éstos como locus proveedores de recursos para las nuevas comunidade...

  12. Air pollution in Santiago (Chile) as studied by nuclear and other techniques. Appendix 6

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Toro, P.; Cortes, E.

    1995-01-01

    The elemental characterization of the urban aerosol in Santiago and of a rural area using different non-destructive analytical techniques such as PIXE, NAA and XRF was performed. In addition, AAS was used for selected samples and intercomparison purposes. The distribution of selected elements on membrane filters was studied using XRF. To assure adequate quality of the analytical data, an analytical quality control exercise was planned and carried out. Furthermore, different analytical techniques were used for the determination of the same elements in the same sample as further quality control procedure. (author)

  13. Arquitectura y pensamiento ilustrado en la catedral de Santiago: promotores y artífices

    OpenAIRE

    Singul, Francisco

    2012-01-01

    El último cuarto del siglo XVIII fue una época de gran actividad contructiva en la catedral de Santiago. Durante el episcopado de Rajoy (1751-72) y Malvar (1783-95), la Basílica Jacobea fue el centro de una floreciente experiencia en el ámbito de la arquitectura de la Ilustración. La catedral –la fachada de la Azabachería, la capilla de la Comunión y los proyectos de reforma integral de espacios– evoca soluciones y formas tomadas de muchos de los edificios y maestros del mundo clá...

  14. El PROMEP en la Universidad de Guanajuato: Balance e Impacto, Periodo 1997- 2008 El PROMEP en la Universidad de Guanajuato: Balance e Impacto, Periodo 1997- 2008

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa María Rico Venegas

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Las políticas públicas nacionales sobre educación superior han tenido un alto nivel de consistencia y continuidad en sus propósitos centrales: cobertura, calidad, pertinencia, diversificación, federalismo descentralizador, equidad, gestión, planeación, evaluación y coordinación, es por eso que la Universidad de Guanajuato demanda nuevas formas de actuación que le permitan adaptarse a las condiciones del entorno para cumplir con los objetivos institucionales y para lo cual la estrategia planteada por la SEP con el Programa de Mejoramiento del profesorado (PROMEP, ha sido sin lugar a duda un factor importante para mejorar los indicadores de calidad institucionales, como son incremento en el número de profesores con perfi l PROMEP; avance en la consolidación de los Cuerpos Académicos y mejoramiento en la habilitación de los profesores coadyuvando así a que el 82,15% de ellos cuenten con estudios de posgrado. Los logros obtenidos como resultados del PROMEP desde su inicio 1996 a 2007 han sido fundamentales, ya que es importante mencionar que los apoyos fueron sustentados en las necesidades reales y manifi estas de los profesores, los cuerpos académicos, las unidades y de las Dependencias de Educación Superior (DES. National policies on Higher Education have had a high level of consistency and continuityin their central purposes: coverage, quality, relevance, diversifi cation, decentralization,equity, management, planning, evaluation and coordination. Based on this contention, theUniversity of Guanajuato is searching for new strategies that meet institutional goals andwhich may also adapt to local conditions. To reach these goals, the University has appealedto a teacher development program (Programa de Mejoramiento del Profesorado, PROMEP, established by the Secretariat of Education (SEP. This program has been, without a doubt, an important factor in the improvement of institutional quality indicators as the growing number of teachers with PROMEP profile shows, the program has also supported the consolidation of academic groups and the empowerment of its members contributing to 82.15% of teachers with a degree. Accomplishments as a result of PROMEP since its inception in 1996 until 2007 have been substantial. However, it is important to mention that the support academics got was based on their personal needs as well as those of the academic groups where they belong, their departments and the DES.

  15. 2003 - arhitektuurivõistluste tihe aasta / Pille Epner

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Epner, Pille

    2003-01-01

    Tulemused: RMT Triigi metskonnahoone: I - A. Schults, Tallinna Muusikakeskkooli, Tallinna Balletikooli ja G. Otsa nim. Muusikakooli õppehoone: I - A. Siim, K. Ausing, "Kivilinn on ka elukeskkond": I - I. Järve, T. Sild, Tartu mnt. 63 juurdeehitus ja hoonestuse moderniseerimine: I - AB Kosmos ja A. Lember, J. Martson, R. Reinolt, Telliskivi t. ja Balti jaama vahelise ala ruumiline planeerimine: I - Tõnu Laigo, Tõnu Laanemäe, Kuressaare keskväljaku planeerimine ja kujundus: I - M. Pukk, I. Lubjak, Viimsi keskkooli uue hoone eskiislahendus: I - R. Järg, P. Pent, I. Truverk, Eesti Sisekaitseakadeemia õppelinnak: I - K. Koov, S. Vallner, K. Nõmm, Pärnu kesklinna koolide võimla: I - K. Koov, S. Vallner, K. Nõmm, Sakala keskus: I - I. Raukas, T. Teedumäe, T. Tammis, Merirahu elamupiirkond: I - AB Muru & Pere, parim puitehitis 1997-2003: I - A. Tambek, Pärnu Rüütli t. kujundus: I - T. Unt, TÜ sotsiaalteaduskonna õppehoone: II - K. Pae, Ü. Mark ja E. Kala, K. Kernumees, "Europan 7": I - Pärnu: O.-M. Bogdan, Tallinn: A. F. Atela

  16. Change Detection by Interferometric Coherence in Nasca Lines, Peru (1997-2004)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ruescas, Ana B.; Delgado, J. Manuel; Costantini, Fabiano; Sarti, Francesco

    2010-03-01

    Two interferometric pairs of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are used to generate coherence images of the Nasca Lines Pampa area. The first coherence image is based on a pair of ERS-2 SAR data from 1997 and 1999; the second one is computed from two ENVISAT-ASAR (Advanced SAR) images from 2003 and 2004. The main objective is to study the changes in the coherence values in different parts of the area. Several different decorrelation factors contributing to a loss of coherency in a radar pair can be distinguished, and these include the temporal change in the ground properties and nature between the two satellite passes. In order to do this discrimination and interpretation, some ancillary data can be used, such as optical data from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS), and meteorological data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC).

  17. Voluntariado y Edades: Observaciones desde la juventud, adultez y vejez voluntaria de la ciudad de Santiago

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nelson Sepúlveda Miranda

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El voluntariado, entendido como una manifestación de la colaboración, se construye a partir de los observadores que describen y explican su realidad. En este sentido, el presente texto abordará las comunicaciones más recurrentes sobre voluntariado, identificadas por jóvenes, adultos y adultos mayores voluntarios de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile; quienes, al producir comunicaciones colaborativas, construyen -a su vez- sus propias edades.

  18. 2003 annual report; Rapport annuel 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-07-01

    The 2003 issue of the annual report of the French nuclear safety authority (ASR) presents the activities of the ASR in the following domains: 2003 highlights (the project of law relative to the nuclear transparency and safety, the EPR reactor project, the radioprotection priorities, the inspection of radioprotection, the action plan for the monitoring of patients' exposure to ionizing radiations, the 2003 heat wave and the operation of nuclear power plants, the national plan of radioactive wastes management, the behaviour of long living and high level radioactive wastes, and the European 'nuclear package'), nuclear activities, ionizing radiations and health hazards, organisation of nuclear safety control and radioprotection, radioprotection and nuclear facilities regulation, control of nuclear activities, public information and transparency, international relations, radiological emergency situations, radiological and biomedical activities, industrial and research activities, transport of radioactive materials, safety and radioprotection of nuclear power plants, research and other nuclear facilities, fuel cycle centers, safety of the definitive shut-down and dismantling of nuclear facilities, radioactive waste management and cleansing of polluted sites. (J.S.)

  19. 2003 annual report; Rapport annuel 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-07-01

    The 2003 issue of the annual report of the French nuclear safety authority (ASR) presents the activities of the ASR in the following domains: 2003 highlights (the project of law relative to the nuclear transparency and safety, the EPR reactor project, the radioprotection priorities, the inspection of radioprotection, the action plan for the monitoring of patients' exposure to ionizing radiations, the 2003 heat wave and the operation of nuclear power plants, the national plan of radioactive wastes management, the behaviour of long living and high level radioactive wastes, and the European 'nuclear package'), nuclear activities, ionizing radiations and health hazards, organisation of nuclear safety control and radioprotection, radioprotection and nuclear facilities regulation, control of nuclear activities, public information and transparency, international relations, radiological emergency situations, radiological and biomedical activities, industrial and research activities, transport of radioactive materials, safety and radioprotection of nuclear power plants, research and other nuclear facilities, fuel cycle centers, safety of the definitive shut-down and dismantling of nuclear facilities, radioactive waste management and cleansing of polluted sites. (J.S.)

  20. Propuesta de un certificado de defunción para mejorar el registro y reporte de la muerte en el periodo perinatal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Contreras-Lemus Javier

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Analizar la forma en que se registran los nacimientos y la muerte en el periodo perinatal, en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS, y documentar si el registro de la muerte, en este periodo, es adecuado. Material y métodos. Entre enero y marzo de 2000, se aplicó una encuesta en las 37 delegaciones del IMSS, para conocer, del año 1999, el total de nacimientos vivos y muertos, las defunciones ocurridas antes del séptimo día, considerando su edad gestacional y peso al nacimiento. Con estos datos se analizó la mortalidad hebdomadal e infantil y se calcularon las tasas correspondientes, incluyendo o desagregando a los niños con o = 28 semanas de gestación. Antes de la primera semana de vida extrauterina fallecieron 4 556 niños, de los cuales 1 385 (30.4% pesaron http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

  1. Advanced Light Source Activity Report 1997/1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Greiner, Annette

    1999-01-01

    This Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Advanced Light Source (ALS) activity report for 1997/98 discusses the following topics: Introduction and Overview; Science Highlights; Facility Report; Special Events; ALS Advisory Panels 1997/98; ALS Staff 1997/98 and Facts and Figures for the year

  2. Advanced Light Source Activity Report 1997/1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Greiner, Annette (ed.)

    1999-03-01

    This Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Advanced Light Source (ALS) activity report for 1997/98 discusses the following topics: Introduction and Overview; Science Highlights; Facility Report; Special Events; ALS Advisory Panels 1997/98; ALS Staff 1997/98 and Facts and Figures for the year.

  3. Eficiencia en el sector financiero colombiano en el periodo 1995-2008

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ALEJANDRO RAMÍREZ VIGOYA

    2010-01-01

    los años 1995 y 2008. La eficiencia se mide a través de los retornos de los factores de producción, en este caso de los préstamos y los salarios sobre los ingresos de los bancos. Como modelo teórico se utilizan funciones Cobb-Douglas y como modelo econométrico se utilizan datos panel. Se analizan los retornos en modelos de efectos fijos, ya que la muestra es toda la población de bancos comerciales en Colombia. Los modelos que se analizan se corren con efectos por año y con efectos por banco. Uno de los resultados interesantes es que el sector bancario en el periodo analizado presenta rendimientos constantes de escala. Se presenta menor eficiencia de todos los bancos en los años siguientes a la recesión de 1999.

  4. Santiago Ramón y Cajal and the Spanish school of neurology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andres-Barquin, Pedro J

    2002-11-01

    Advances in neurology are now possible thanks to the endeavours of a few scientists who in the past laid firm foundations for the study of the nervous system. Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) was one such pioneer of brain exploration and is acknowledged as the founder of modern neuroscience. He described the structure and organisation of virtually all parts of the nervous system and developed theories, including the neuron doctrine and the law of functional polarisation, that are the cornerstones of neuroscience. In addition to devoting his life to research, Ramón y Cajal was a dedicated teacher and mentor and created a school that greatly contributed to the flourishing of neurology.

  5. Aasta 2003 haagiseturul / Ahto Perling

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Perling, Ahto, 1970-

    2004-01-01

    Ülevaade haagiste tootmisest ja müügist Lääne- ja Ida-Euroopas 2003. aasta andmetel. Diagrammid: Uute haagiste müük 2003; Madelpoolhaagiste müük 2003; Külmikpoolhaagiste müük 2003; Konteinerpoolhaagiste müük 2003

  6. International kernekraftstatus 1997

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Højerup, C.F.; Majborn, Benny; Ølgaard, Povl Lebeck

    1998-01-01

    This report is the fourth in a series of annual reports on the international development of nuclear power with special emphasis on reactor safety. For 1997, the report contains: -General trends in the development of nuclear power -A review of what can bedone with the plutonium stocks of the world...... -Statistical information on nuclear power production -An overview of safety-relevant incidents in 1997 -The development in Sweden -The development in Eastern Europe -The development in the rest of the world -Thetrends in the development of reactor types -The trends in the development of the nuclear fuel cycle...

  7. 1997 statistical yearbook

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The international office of energy information and studies (Enerdata), has published the second edition of its 1997 statistical yearbook which includes consolidated 1996 data with respect to the previous version from June 1997. The CD-Rom comprises the annual worldwide petroleum, natural gas, coal and electricity statistics from 1991 to 1996 with information about production, external trade, consumption, market shares, sectoral distribution of consumption and energy balance sheets. The world is divided into 12 zones (52 countries available). It contains also energy indicators: production and consumption tendencies, supply and production structures, safety of supplies, energy efficiency, and CO 2 emissions. (J.S.)

  8. 24th Low-x Meeting

    CERN Document Server

    2016-01-01

    This meeting follows the similar ones held at DESY, then Saclay (May 1994), Cambridge (July 1995), Durham (June 1996), Madrid (June 1997), Berlin (June 1998), Tel Aviv (June 1999) Oxford (July 2000), Cracow (June 2001), Antwerpen (September 2002), Nafplio (June 2003), Prague (September 2004), Sinaia (June 2005), Lisbon (June 2006), Helsinki (September 2007) Crete (July 2008), Ischia (September 2009), Kavala (June 2010) and Santiago de Compostela (June 2011), Cyprus (June 2012), Israel (June 2013), Japan (June 2014) and Poland (September 2015). The spirit of this series of meetings is to favour fruitful and informal discussions between experimentalists and theorists. Lots of time is used to be given to discussions on new results, hot topics and exciting open problems in QCD at Tevatron and LHC. The meeting is scheduled to start on Monday June 6 in the morning and end on Friday June 10 early agternoon. A tour in the neighborhood is planned for Wednesday June 8 in the afternoon. An optional tour is planned for S...

  9. The "El Alamo" project (1990-1997): two consecutive hospital-based studies of breast cancer outcomes in Spain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martín, M; Mahillo, E; Llombart-Cussac, A; Lluch, A; Munarriz, B; Pastor, M; Alba, E; Ruiz, A; Antón, A; Bermejo, B

    2006-07-01

    The "Alamo" project is a retrospective analysis of 14,854 patients diagnosed of breast cancer between 1990 and 1997 in 50 Spanish hospitals. Alamo I (AI) consisted of 4,532 patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 1990 and 1993. Data were collected in 2000. Alamo II (AII) consisted of 10,322 patients diagnosed between 1994 and 1997. Data were collected in 2003. At presentation, there were (AI vs. AII) 17.6% vs. 24.3% at stage I; 55.5% vs. 53.1% at stage II; 18.7% vs. 15% at stage III; 7.2% vs. 5.9 at stage IV. Median age was 57 (AI) vs. 58 years (AII) and 65.9% vs. 67.2% (AI vs. AII) were post-menopausal. Firstline treatment for disease stages I, II and III was surgery in 91% of patients in both studies. Breast conserving surgery rate increased from 20.2% (AI) to 32.7% (AII). Adjuvant systemic treatments were administered to 87.6% (AI) and 92.8% (AII) of patients. Recurrence rate diminished from 36.6% (AI) to 22.5% (AII) and the 9-year survival rate increased from 63.2% (95% CI: 61.5-64.9) to 70.1% (95% CI: 68.5-71.8). Breast cancer outcomes in Spain have improved from 1990-1993 to 1994-1997, likely because of breast cancer screening program implementation and new therapies.

  10. Factors associated with sexual initiation and condom use among adolescents on Santiago Island, Cape Verde, West Africa Fatores associados ao início da vida sexual e o uso de preservativo entre adolescentes da Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde, África Ocidental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Mendes Tavares

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available The current study focuses on factors associated with sexual initiation and condom use among teenagers on Santiago Island, Cape Verde, according to gender. This was a representative, probabilistic sample of 13-to-17-year-olds (n = 768 attending public secondary schools on Santiago Island in 2007. Associations were tested by test of proportion, Pearson's chi-square, or Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. Factors related to sexual initiation among boys were: age over 14 years, Catholic religion, and alcohol consumption. For girls, the factors included: > 9 years of schooling and involvement in an affective-sexual relationship. Unlike other Sub-Saharan countries, this study showed a high prevalence of condom use during initial sexual activity. Adolescents are able to safely begin sexually active life if they have access to information, sex education, and other STD prevention and contraceptive methods. This study provides insights on the development of policies to reduce the vulnerability of the young population to STD/AIDS and the limits and challenges related to the promotion of condom use and sex education, focusing on unequal gender relations.Foram analisados fatores associados ao início da vida sexual de adolescentes na Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde, segundo sexo. Estudo realizado com amostra probabilística e representativa de 768 adolescentes, age 13-17 anos, de escolas secundárias públicas da Ilha de Santiago em 2007. A associação foi testada pelo teste de proporção, qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Fisher e regressão logística. Nos rapazes, os fatores associados ao início da vida sexual foram: idade maior que 14 anos, ser católico e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. Para meninas: escolaridade maior que nove anos e ter parceiro afetivo-sexual. Ao contrário de outros contextos da África Subsaariana, foram constatadas taxas elevadas de uso de preservativo por adolescentes no início da vida sexual. Os adolescentes podem iniciar a

  11. Variables climáticas y transmisión de malaria en Loreto, Perú: 1995-2007

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Ramal

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Explorar la asociación entre las variables climáticas con la transmisión de malaria en Loreto, en un periodo de 13 años. Materiales y métodos. Estudio ecológico realizado con los datos mensuales promedio de temperatura (ºC, humedad relativa (%, pluviosidad (mm y nivel de río Amazonas (metros con los casos de malaria confirmados por gota gruesa registrados por la Dirección Regional de Salud Loreto, se usó modelos de regresión lineal simple y múltiple. Resultados. Encontramos correlación negativa significativa entre temperatura y casos de malaria para cinco años: 1997, 1999, 2003, 2005 y 2006; nivel de río para cuatro: 1997, 1998, 2003 y 2005 y humedad para tres años: 1996, 2005, 2006. No se encontró asociación para ningún año con pluviosidad. Los modelos de regresión múltiple fueron significativos en tres años (1999, 2003 y 2006 con valores de r2 entre 0,870 y 0,937. Conclusiones. Algunas variables climáticas pueden estar asociadas con la transmisión de malaria pero la importancia de cada una de ellas puede variar año a año. Los años de presentación de El Niño o posteriores, son los años de mayor correlación. Cuando la temperatura promedio es menor es probable que los ciclos esporogónicos y gonotróficos del vector se vean favorecidos, es en ese momento que el potencial de transmisión de la población vectorial se hace máxima, lo cual favorece la transmisión de malaria.

  12. 1980-2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Ángel Díaz Carreño

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un estudio comparativo de la varianza del ingreso entre tres grupos de productos agrícolas, granos, frutales y hortalizas, a partir del empleo de la metodología de conformación de portafolios de inversión. Cada grupo de cultivos fue considerado como una cartera de inversión. Se observó que la variación del ingreso en frutales y hortalizas es mayor que la de granos para el periodo en estudio; por ejemplo, la varianza estimada para los cultivos de granos resultó de 0.1498, de 0.5374 en frutales y de 0.1604 en hortalizas. Por lo tanto, se sostiene que la inversión en la producción de frutales y hortalizas resulta más riesgosa en comparación con la realizada en granos.

  13. CERN Technical Training 2003: Learning for the LHC ! DISP-2003 - Digital Signal Processing

    CERN Multimedia

    2003-01-01

    DISP-2003 - Digital Signal Processing DISP-2003 is a two-term course given by CERN and University of Lausanne (UNIL) experts within the framework of the Technical Training Programme. The course will review the current techniques dealing with Digital Signal Processing, and it is intended for an audience who work or will work on digital signal processing aspects, and who need an introductory or refresher/update course. The course will be in English, with question and answers also in French. Spring 2 Term: DISP-2003: Advanced Digital Signal Processing 30 April 2003 - 21 May 2003, 4 lectures, Wednesdays afternoon (attendance cost: 40.- CHF, registration required) Lecturers: Léonard Studer, UNIL; Laurent Deniau, AT-MTM; Elena Wildner, AT-MAS Programme: Intelligent signal processing (ISP). Non-linear time series analysis. Image processing. Wavelets. (Basic concepts and definitions have been introduced during the previous Spring 1 Term: DISP-2003: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing). DISP-2003 is open...

  14. ANÁLISIS DE LA INTERACCIÓN HUMANO-ESTRUCTURA EN PUENTES PEATONALES DE SANTIAGO DE CALI

    OpenAIRE

    SÁNCHEZ, JHON ANDERSON; GÓMEZ, DANIEL; THOMSON, PETER

    2013-01-01

    En la actualidad, el incremento de la resistencia en nuevos materiales y las mayores luces entre apoyos hacen que los puentes peatonales sean más susceptibles a problemas de vibraciones excesivas. Infortunadamente las provisiones de las normas colombianas son limitadas para el diseño o rehabilitación de estas estructuras. En este artículo se presenta una clasificación de los puentes peatonales en Santiago de Cali que permite comparar efectos de la Interacción Humano-Estructura, aceleraciones ...

  15. Factores predictores del consumo de tabaco entre adolescentes del Colegio Universitario Santiago de Cali, 2005

    OpenAIRE

    Yamileth Ortiz-Gómez; Jorge Martín Rodríguez-Hernández

    2009-01-01

    Objetivos: Identificar los factores predictores del consumo de tabaco entre los adolescentes del Colegio Santiago de Cali. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con una muestra de 286 adolescentes matriculados y activos de grado 6 a 9 en el año lectivo 2005. A partir de la prevalencia del consumo de tabaco, se estimaron diferencias para las variables independientes con Ji2 y valores P. Los factores predictores fueron establecidos con un modelo logístico no condicional, previa evaluación d...

  16. Asociaciones políticas de inmigrantes peruanos y la "Lima Chica" en Santiago de Chile

    OpenAIRE

    Luque Brazán, José Carlos

    2007-01-01

    El presente trabajo describe y examina la emergencia y desarrollo de tres asociaciones políticas de inmigrantes peruanos y su relación con el surgimiento de un "vecindario cultural", conocido por sus habitantes, la prensa chilena y algunos investigadores como la "Lima Chica", en Santiago de Chile. Nos referimos al Comité de Refugiados Peruanos en Chile, a la Asociación de Inmigrantes por la Integración Latinoamericana y del Caribe (APILA) y al Programa Andino para la Dignidad Humana (Proandes...

  17. 36 Annual Meeting of Spanish Nuclear Society, Oct. 6-9 2010 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2010-01-01

    The Spanish Nuclear Society (SNE) is a non-profit association, made up of professionals and institutions in order to promote awareness and dissemination of science and nuclear technology. The 36th meeting of the SNE was held in Santiago de Compostela between 6 and 8 October 2010. Participants discussed the situation of nuclear energy and its challenges, the development of electric cars and their distributional implications, and the study of nuclear advertising on other countries and their potential application to the case of Spain.

  18. Framatome announces its 1997 results; Framatome annonce ses resultats 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-05-18

    This press dossier presents the 1997 financial year of Framatome group: turnover and key-numbers, results, sectoral analysis (nuclear engineering (nuclear realizations, fuels, services and equipments); connectors engineering (automotive, electrical, electronic, interconnection and microelectronic industries), industrial equipments). Then, the 1998 objectives are presented with the strategy of the group (Chinese, central and eastern Europe nuclear programs, French-German joint EPR project, services and nuclear fuels, connectors engineering, industrial equipments, manpower, research and development programs). This part is followed by a presentation of some 1997 events and by the text of the press conference from May 18, 1998 which presented the activities of the group, its competences and know-how in the nuclear domain. (J.S.)

  19. EDF - Electricite de France. Results 1997. 1997: The enterprise prepares for competition; EDF - Electricite de France. Resultats 1997. 1997: L'entreprise se prepare a la concurrence

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-07-01

    In 1997 the energy production of the French Electricity Company EDF (Electricite de France) reached the value of 457.7 billion kWh, of which 82% is nuclear, 14% hydraulic and 4% classical thermal power. The management of maintenance annual intervention allowed and availability of the nuclear sector of 82.6%. The safety level was also maintained at a high value. The quality of the supplied electricity has been improved continuously: the annual average interruption duration for low voltage supply has been reduced from 1.35 h in 1996 to 1.06 h in 1997. Sale volume in France (369.9 billion kWh) is 0.7% lower than in 1996. EDF remains the first electricity exporter in Europe. The EDF has strengthened in 1997 its international development. FF 4.2 billions have been invested in Europe, Latin America and Asia. A social policy has been developed in favor of employee, particularly, young people acting toward enterprise's development, better management and working time reduction. In the frame of its relation with the state the EDF Company has signed a new contract for the period 1997-2000 which will allow reaching its ambition: becoming a public service of reference in Europe and its promotion as leader in industrial services, in the electric sector of France and on the international market. The results of this first year has confirmed the course adopted. The report contains the following seven chapters: 1. Relations with the state and the evolution of the institutional frame; 2. The financial results and administration; 3. Technical results; 4. Development in France; 5. International development; 6. Social and human resources; 7. Environment.

  20. USO DE BIOSÓLIDOS EN LA REHABILITACIÓN DE ÁREA EN EL RELLENO SANITARIO SANTIAGO PONIENTE-CHILE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucrecia Brutti

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Se evalúan distintas especies herbáceas como estabilizadoras de taludes sobre una mezcla de suelo con biosólidos en el Relleno Sanitario Santiago Poniente en Santiago, Región Metropolitana (Chile, con el fin de recuperar el suelo. Se determina el comportamiento de cuatro tratamientos, tres corresponden a diferentes mezclas herbáceas más uno que actuó como testigo, la mezcla de suelo utilizada contenía un 15% de biosólido. Se utilizó un diseño estadístico de Cuadrado Latino, con cuatro repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas fueron: temperatura del suelo del ensayo, producción de materia verde y seca de raíces, nodulación de raíces de leguminosas y cuantificación de malezas. Los resultados fueron sometidos a un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA, donde la significancia de las diferencias entre tratamientos fueron determinadas a través de un test de rango múltiple de Duncan (P<0,05. La incorporación de 15% de biosólidos a un suelo pobre produce efectos positivos para el establecimiento del prado.

  1. Expectativas hacia la jubilación del personal de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Retirement expectations of the staff of the University of Santiago de Compostela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana María Cal Crespo

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Involucrados en la importancia que el fenómeno jubilación tiene en la actualidad, hemos llevado a cabo un estudio sobre las expectativas hacia la misma de un grupo de trabajadores de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC, cuestionando parámetros como edad de jubilación, sostenibilidad del Sistema de Pensiones, y motivados especialmente en la repercusión subjetiva sobre los individuos, a través de la administración de un cuestionario que mide actividad, vinculación social, expectativas hacia la jubilación y satisfacción laboral y vital, junto con variables de identificación personal (edad, sexo, estado civil, etc. A través del programa estadístico SPSS realizamos un análisis descriptivo entre las variables de estudio, lo que nos ha llevado a concluir que las actitudes hacia la jubilación son de esperanza e ilusión, con un interés manifiesto por seguir en la vida activa, donde el mayor temor suscitado es ver limitado el poder adquisitivo.Since we are involved in the importance of the retirement nowadays, questioning parameters as age of retirement, sustainability of pension systems, and we pay special attention on the subjective impact on individuals, we have carried out an study about the expectations on retirement, among a group of workers in the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC. In order to do so, we have made a survey, measuring activity, social link, expectations on retirement and labour and vital satisfaction, as well as personal identification variables (age, sex, marital status, etc. By using the SPSS software, we made a descritpive analysis among the variables of study. This lead us to conclude that the attitude about retirement is hope. We also found a stated interest to continue the active life. The biggest fear is to see a restriction of the purchasing power.

  2. Exercises to improve the decision making of judokas youth of Santiago de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerardo Antonio Rodríguez-Vázquez

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available The weaknesses identified in the EIDE "Captain Orestes Acosta" in Santiago de Cuba in the process of tactical preparation in judo in female youth category motivated the author to develop an investigation with the following scientific problem: How to encourage perfect Offensive making decisions in combating youth team athletes Judo? The objective of this research is the refine of special exercises to promote the development of decision-making in combating youth team athletes Judo. Different theoretical and empirical methods were used to evidence the weaknesses identified. It further emphasizes the novelty of the proposal to use special exercises imbalance, defense, counterattack and combinations favoring decisions in combat.

  3. El comercio informal de calle en las comunas Santiago y Concepción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mônica Virginia De Souza

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los resultados de la investigación empírica sobre el comercio callejero de las comunas de Santiago y Concepción realizada entre marzo de 2015 y febrero de 2016. Dichos resultados fundamentaron la elaboración de un Mapa del comercio informal de calle y contribuyeron a la identificación de aspectos importantes de ese fenómeno, como su extensión sobre el territorio, el número de trabajadores involucrados, rasgos del comportamiento de dichos trabajadores y la relación de esa actividad con el espacio urbano.

  4. Efectos de los extremos térmicos sobre la mortalidad diaria en Castilla-La Mancha: evolución temporal 1975-2003 Effects of temperature extremes on daily mortality in Castile-La Mancha (Spain: trends from 1975 to 2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isidro J. Mirón

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar la evolución y la distribución geográfica de la temperatura umbral de disparo de la mortalidad por extremos térmicos en Castilla-La Mancha entre 1975 y 2003. Métodos: El análisis se divide en tres periodos (1975-1984, 1985-1994 y 1995-2003 para cada provincia de la región. Se modeliza la mortalidad diaria por causas orgánicas (variable dependiente utilizando procedimientos ARIMA. Los residuos diarios de mortalidad resultantes se relacionan con las temperaturas máximas diarias agrupadas en intervalos de 2ºC, obteniendo una temperatura umbral por frío o por calor si esos residuos aumentan de forma significativa (pObjectives: To determine time trends and the geographical distribution of mortality trigger temperature thresholds due to extreme temperatures in Castile-La Mancha (central Spain between 1975 and 2003. Methods: The analysis was divided into three periods (1975-1984, 1985-1994 and 1995-2003 for each province of the region. Daily mortality due to organic causes (dependent variable was modelled using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA procedures. The resulting residual series was related to the maximum temperature series grouped in 2ºC intervals to obtain a threshold temperature for cold or heat when the residuals rose significantly (p<0,05 above the mean residual mortality value of the corresponding study period. Results: Mortality trigger temperature thresholds decreased over time in Castile- La Mancha. In Toledo, the trigger temperature diminished from 40ºC to 38ºC. In Cuenca and Guadalajara, threshold temperatures for heat events were obtained in the last few decades but not in the first. These thresholds varied from the 92nd percentile in Cuenca to the 98th percentile in Albacete in the last decade. No threshold temperatures for cold spells were observed in any province or period. Conclusions: Castile-La Mancha registered an upward trend in the relationship between high temperatures and

  5. The time of things. About La Ausencia of Santiago Porter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paola Cortes-Rocca

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available In his photographic work The Absence, Santiago Porter gathers portraits and objects: photographs of relatives of the victims of the attack on Argentina Israelite Mutual Association in 1994 and objects that used to belong to the deaths. Far from referentiality and witnessing, the work of Porter reviews the gaze as a way of encountering the other and as a bond that solidifies certain forms of the community. The photographic image is marked by reality: not because as proof of existence, or due to its resemblance to what it shows, but because it is subject to time. The real (as a temporal and special net gets into the photographic image, it is its condition and its materiality. Photography challenges the tripartite organization of time: images do not follow each other, they die and survive in ways that differs to those of other species.

  6. Length of stay is associated with incidence of in-hospital malnutrition in a group of low-income Brazilian children El periodo de hospitalización está asociado con la incidencia de desnutrición en un grupo de niños brasileños de bajo nivel socioeconómico.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilberto Kac

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that increased length of stay and anthropometric status at admission are significant factors associated with in-hospital malnutrition (IHM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study with two weight (admission and discharge and one height (admission measurements per child at the Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study included 456 children of low socioeconomic status under 10 years of age admitted to the IPPMG during 1997. Statistical analysis involved calculation of in-hospital malnutrition (IHM prevalence by covariates. The length of hospital stay varied from 1 to 69 days. Association of IHM with gender, age category, length of stay, presence of wasting, and stunting, was tested by calculating odds ratios using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Logistic regression showed that after adjusting for gender, age category, and presence of stunting at admission, presence of wasting at admission (OR= 0.07, CI 95% 0.01 - 0.55 and length of stay from 17 to 69 days (OR= 4.68, CI 95% 2.00 - 10.95, were statistically associated with IHM in the final model. CONCLUSIONS: As intervention measures, the authors suggest implementation of an early identification system for children at risk of developing IHM, along with a review and implementation of in-hospital feeding protocols.OBJETIVO: Verificar la hipótesis de que un periodo de hospitalización prolongado y el estado nutricional al ingreso son factores significativamente asociados con la desnutrición durante la hospitalización. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo con dos mediciones de peso (al ingreso y al alta y una medición de estatura (al ingreso por niño, realizado en el Instituto de Puericultura y Pediatría Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG, Río de Janeiro, Brasil. El estudio incluyó 456 niños de bajo nivel socioeconómico menores de 10 años de edad, admitidos en el IPPMG durante 1997. El an

  7. Is urban agriculture urban green space? A comparison of policy arrangements for urban green space and urban agriculture in Santiago de Chile

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Contesse, Maria; Vliet, van B.J.M.; Lenhart, J.

    2018-01-01

    Urban green spaces are crucial for citizens’ wellbeing. Nonetheless, many Latin American cities struggle to provide sufficient and equitable green space distribution for their citizens. By looking at the Chilean capital Santiago as an example, this paper examines whether the growing urban

  8. PESOS QUE GANÉ CON MI INTELIGENCIA. DOÑA MARÍA DEL CAMPO LANTADILLA, UNA ADELANTADA (SANTIAGO, SIGLO XVII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Luisa Chiu Stange

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available El artículo aporta antecedentes biográficos de una vecina de Santiago, vinculada familiarmente a comerciantes de alto nivel primero, y a funcionarios públicos después. Especialmente describe sus actividades en el ámbito económico, con hincapié en la explotación de una chacra y en la producción y comercialización de vino.

  9. High Energy Physics Division semiannual report of research activities July 1, 1997 - December 31, 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Norem, J.; Rezmer, R.; Schuur, C.; Wagner, R.

    1998-01-01

    This report describes the research conducted in the High Energy Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory during the period July 1, 1997--December 31, 1997. Topics covered here include experimental and theoretical particle physics, advanced accelerator physics, detector development, and experimental facilities research. Lists of Division publications and colloquia are included

  10. Scorpion envenoming in Morona Santiago, Amazonian Ecuador: Molecular phylogenetics confirms involvement of the Tityus obscurus group.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Román, Juan P; García, Fernanda; Medina, Doris; Vásquez, Manolo; García, José; Graham, Matthew R; Romero-Alvarez, Daniel; Pardal, Pedro P de Oliveira; Ishikawa, Edna A Y; Borges, Adolfo

    2018-02-01

    Scorpion envenoming by species in the genus Tityus is hereby reported from rural locations in the Amazonian province of Morona Santiago, southeastern Ecuador. Twenty envenoming cases (18 patients under 15 years of age) including one death (a 4-year-old male) were recorded at the Macas General Hospital, Morona Santiago, between January 2015 and December 2016 from the counties of Taisha (n=17), Huamboyo (n=1), Palora (n=1), and Logroño (n=1). An additional fatality from 2014 (a 3-year-old female from Nayantza, Taisha county) is also reported. Leukocytosis and low serum potassium levels were detected in most patients. We observed a significant negative correlation between leukocytosis and hypokalemia. Scorpions involved in three accidents from Macuma, Taisha County, were identified as genetically related to Tityus obscurus from the Brazilian Amazonian region based on comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences encoding cytochrome oxidase subunit I. These cases, along with previously reported envenoming from northern Manabí, reinforce the notion that scorpionism is a health hazard for children in Ecuador and emphasizes the need to supply effective antivenoms against local species, which are not currently available. The genetic affinity of the Ecuadorian specimens with T. obscurus may underlay toxinological, clinical, and venom antigenic relationships among Amazonian scorpions that deserves further exploration for designing therapeutic strategies to treat scorpionism in the region. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. INMIGRACIÓN Y RACISMO: EXPERIENCIAS DE LA NIÑEZ PERUANA EN SANTIAGO DE CHILE

    OpenAIRE

    Pavez Soto,Iskra

    2012-01-01

    El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las experiencias de discriminación y racismo que han vivido las niñas y los niños peruanos inmigrantes en Santiago de Chile, a partir de la perspectiva de género y la comprensión teórica de la sociología de la infancia, que entiende a este como grupo social con capacidad de agencia. Se constata que el contexto social y económico determina situaciones de precariedad y exclusión para las familias peruanas; un escenario que agudiza la discriminación y el ...

  12. ELETRONUCLEAR - Annual report - 1997; ELETRONUCLEAR - Relatorio anual - 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-07-01

    The annual activities report of 1997 of ELETRONUCLEAR - Brazilian company responsible by the electric power generation from the nuclear technology - introduces the next main topics: company vision and mission; energy production and commercialization; investments in the electric power generation; economic and financial situation; social balancing; and patrimonial balancing.

  13. Diversidad de especies vegetales en fincas de la agricultura suburbana en Santiago de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Belyani Vargas Batis

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Resumen La investigación tuvo lugar con el objetivo evaluar el comportamiento de la diversidad de especies arvenses y arbóreas y arbustivas en cuatro fincas de la agricultura suburbana de Santiago de Cuba. Se delimitaron parcelas de 100 m2 para el conteo de las especies presentes en el área. Identificadas las especies se elaboró un listado florístico y se calcularon los indicadores de diversidad Alfa Riqueza de especies (S, Dominancia (Simpson D y Diversidad general (Shannon H´. En el caso de la diversidad Beta se tuvieron en cuenta los índices de Jaccard (Ij, Morisita-Horn (IM-H y Subordinación Ecológica (SE. Se registraron62 509 individuos pertenecientes a 65 familias, 154 géneros y 183 especies. Para ambos grupos de especies los indicadores de diversidad Alfa mostraron una tendencia al aumento de un período al otro con valores dentro del rango establecido para cada indicador, excepto para la finca La Caballería donde el índice de Shannon H´ no estuvo dentro del establecido para una correcta diversidad y abundancia en la época poco lluviosa. Los indicadores de la diversidad Beta arrojaron disimilitud entre las muestras que se comparan lo que evidencia la presencia de especies específicas adaptadas a las condiciones ambientales del lugar. Plant diversity on farm of sub urban agriculture in Santiago de Cuba. ABSTRACT The research was carried out to evaluate the performance of the diversity of weeds and tree and shrub species in four farms of suburban agriculture Santiago de Cuba. Plots of 100 m2 were sampled for counting the species. Identified plant species list was developed and diversity indicators were calculated alfa (α species richness (S, Dominance (Simpson D and General Diversity (Shannon H'. In the case of the beta (β diversity indices Jaccard (Ij, Morisita-Horn (IM-H and Subordination Environment (SE were taken into account. 62 509 individuals belonging to 65 families, 154 genera and 183 species were recorded. For

  14. Santiago no es Chile’ : cambio socioinstitucional, inequidades territoriales y políticas públicas para el desarrollo regional, 1990-2010

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Veyl Ahumada, Iván Marcelo

    2015-01-01

    This dissertation deals with the unequal power relation between Santiago, the Chilean capital city, and the Northern region of Tarapacá in the period 1990-2010. Chile is one of the most centralized countries in Latin America. Since the 1990s decentralization process has been started including a

  15. Género y Autoconcepto: Un Análisis Comparativo de las Diferencias por Sexo en una Muestra de Niños de Educación General Básica (EGB (1992-2003 Gender and Self-Concept: A Comparative Analysis of Gender Differences in a Sample of Elementary School Children (1992-2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Elena Gorostegui

    2005-05-01

    Full Text Available El interés de este estudio es determinar los cambios en el autoconcepto de niños y niñas producidos en un período de 10 años, en relación a los roles de género culturalmente asignados. Para ello se analizan las diferencias en los niveles de autovaloración de niños y niñas de 3º, 4º, 5º y 6º año de EGB, del área Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile, de niveles socioeconómicos alto, medio y bajo, observadas entre los años 1992 y 2003. En ambas evaluaciones se utiliza la misma prueba de medición y las mismas variables de estratificación de la muestra. Los resultados permiten concluir que se produjo una inversión de los resultados obtenidos en 1992, en el sentido de que hoy las niñas superan a los varones en sus niveles generales de autoestima, aventajándolos también en varias de las subescalas consideradas por separado. Adicionalmente, se discute la posibilidad de que los cambios socioculturales producidos en el período, hayan tenido impacto en la autopercepción de rol de género de niños y niñas.The aim of this study is to determine the changes in children's self-perception, produced during a period of ten years, in relation to their culturally assigned roles. The study analyses the differences in the levels of self-worth of boys and girls from high, medium, and low socioeconomic levels in the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th year of elementary school (General Basic Education, GBE in the Metropolitan area of Santiago of Chile, observed between the years 1992 and 2003. In both evaluations the same measurements of self esteem and the same variables of stratification were utilized. The results conclude that a reversal of the results obtained in 1992 has been produced, in the sense that today the girls supersede the boys in their general levels of self-esteem as well as in various scales separately considered. Additionally, the possibility is discussed that socio-cultural changes produced during the 10 year period might have had an

  16. Dinámicas migratorias transnacionales: el caso de los inmigrantes sudamericanos en Santiago de Chile

    OpenAIRE

    Baeza Virgilio, Pablo

    2016-01-01

    La presente investigación se centra en la inmigración sudamericana en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Se analizan los elementos políticos, económicos y sociales que conforman el espacio social de incorporación en el que los inmigrantes se insertan. A través de los datos producidos por una encuesta, identificamos las características, magnitud e intensidades de las prácticas transnacionales que los inmigrantes sudamericanos despliegan en la ciudad como parte de sus estrategias de incorporación....

  17. Indios urbanos: inmigraciones, alteridad y ladinización en Santiago de Chile (siglos XVI-XVII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Valenzuela Márquez

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available During the period following the Conquista and when the Santiago de Chile's urban society was formed, one can observe various indigenous peoples that migrated to the city: Andinos, Huarpes of Cuyo, Juries from Tucaman, and Mapuche-Huilliches from the south of the Kingdom of Chile. The objective of this article is to show the great geographic and ethnic diversity of the city by studying the arrival, deployment and mobility of these actors and their descendants, as well as their forms of settlement and their strategies for integration.

  18. EDF - Electricite de France. Results 1997. 1997: The enterprise prepares for competition; EDF - Electricite de France. Resultats 1997. 1997: L'entreprise se prepare a la concurrence

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-07-01

    In 1997 the energy production of the French Electricity Company EDF (Electricite de France) reached the value of 457.7 billion kWh, of which 82% is nuclear, 14% hydraulic and 4% classical thermal power. The management of maintenance annual intervention allowed and availability of the nuclear sector of 82.6%. The safety level was also maintained at a high value. The quality of the supplied electricity has been improved continuously: the annual average interruption duration for low voltage supply has been reduced from 1.35 h in 1996 to 1.06 h in 1997. Sale volume in France (369.9 billion kWh) is 0.7% lower than in 1996. EDF remains the first electricity exporter in Europe. The EDF has strengthened in 1997 its international development. FF 4.2 billions have been invested in Europe, Latin America and Asia. A social policy has been developed in favor of employee, particularly, young people acting toward enterprise's development, better management and working time reduction. In the frame of its relation with the state the EDF Company has signed a new contract for the period 1997-2000 which will allow reaching its ambition: becoming a public service of reference in Europe and its promotion as leader in industrial services, in the electric sector of France and on the international market. The results of this first year has confirmed the course adopted. The report contains the following seven chapters: 1. Relations with the state and the evolution of the institutional frame; 2. The financial results and administration; 3. Technical results; 4. Development in France; 5. International development; 6. Social and human resources; 7. Environment.

  19. Total 2003 Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-01-01

    This document presents the 2003 results of Total Group: consolidated account, special items, number of shares, market environment, 4. quarter 2003 results, full year 2003 results, upstream (key figures, proved reserves), downstream key figures, chemicals key figures, parent company accounts and proposed dividends, 2004 sensitivities, summary and outlook, operating information by segment for the 4. quarter and full year 2003: upstream (combined liquids and gas production by region, liquids production by region, gas production by region), downstream (refinery throughput by region, refined product sales by region, chemicals), impact of allocating contribution of Cepsa to net operating income by business segment: equity in income (loss) and affiliates and other items, Total financial statements: consolidated statement of income, consolidated balance sheet (assets, liabilities and shareholder's equity), consolidated statements of cash flows, business segments information. (J.S.)

  20. Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality in Barcelona: 1992–2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pasarín M Isabel

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The objective of this study was to assess trends in cancer mortality by educational level in Barcelona from 1992 to 2003. Methods The study population comprised Barcelona inhabitants aged 20 years or older. Data on cancer deaths were supplied by the system of information on mortality. Educational level was obtained from the municipal census. Age-standardized rates by educational level were calculated. We also fitted Poisson regression models to estimate the relative index of inequality (RII and the Slope Index of Inequalities (SII. All were calculated for each sex and period (1992–1994, 1995–1997, 1998–2000, and 2001–2003. Results Cancer mortality was higher in men and women with lower educational level throughout the study period. Less-schooled men had higher mortality by stomach, mouth and pharynx, oesophagus, larynx and lung cancer. In women, there were educational inequalities for cervix uteri, liver and colon cancer. Inequalities of overall and specific types of cancer mortality remained stable in Barcelona; although a slight reduction was observed for some cancers. Conclusion This study has identified those cancer types presenting the greatest inequalities between men and women in recent years and shown that in Barcelona there is a stable trend in inequalities in the burden of cancer.

  1. Epidemiological trends of deep venous thrombosis in HIV-infected subjects (1997-2013): A nationwide population-based study in Spain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alvaro-Meca, Alejandro; Ryan, Pablo; Martínez-Larrull, Esther; Micheloud, Dariela; Berenguer, Juan; Resino, Salvador

    2018-02-01

    Chronic infections may be a triggering factor as well as a risk factor of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological trends of hospital admissions related to DVT in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients during the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, in relation to hepatitis C virus (HCV) serological status. We performed a retrospective study using the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set. We selected HIV-infected subjects over 15years old with a hospital admission and DVT diagnosis (ICD-9-CM codes: 453.4x and 453.8x) between 1997 and 2013. Patients were classified according to HCV serology. We estimated the incidence (events per 100,000 patient-years) in four calendar periods (1997-1999, 2000-2003, 2004-2007, and 2008-2013). Overall, the incidence of DVT-related hospitalizations had a significant upward trend in all HIV-infected patients (PHIV-monoinfected patients than in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients during the entire follow-up (PHIV-monoinfected patients (P=0.002) and a significant upward trend in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (PHIV-monoinfected patients significantly decreased from 1997-1999 to 2008-2013 [142.7 vs. 103.1 (P=0.006)], whereas in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, the incidence increased from 8.4 (1997-1999) to 70.7 (2008-2013) (PHIV-infected patients, with increasing incidence during the first 17years after the introduction of cART, particularly in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Copyright © 2017 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. Electricity statistics for Finland 1997; Saehkoetilasto 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kangas, H; Savolainen, T [Adato Energia Oy, Helsinki (Finland)

    1998-12-01

    Until 1995 the electrical statistics information has according to the law about electric utilities and facilities been collected and handled by the Electrical Inspectorate. In 1996 the work was done by the Finnish Electricity Association and it was commissioned by the Ministry of Trade and Industry. Since 1996 the collection and handling of the information is based on the Electricity Market Act. The information is mainly submitted by the producers and distributors of electricity and processed since 1997 in Adato Energia Oy owned jointly by Finnish Energy Industries Federation, Finnish District Heating Association and Finnish Electricity Association. This action is based on a mutual contract of the Statistics Finland, Adato Energia Oy, Finnish Energy Industries Federation and Finnish Electricity Association. The Electricity Statistics for Finland 1997 contains several summaries about the consumption and the production. There is also summaries about the networks, the effects of electricity, the capacities of electricity, the fuels used in production and the dwellings heated by electric power. Like before a list of names, addresses, persons and telephone numbers is available. Additionally a list comprising the power consumption in all Finnish communes and a glossary in three languages (Finnish, Swedish and English) are included

  3. Crecimiento económico en las manufacturas mexicanas: un análisis de contabilidad del crecimiento en las entidades federativas, 1988-2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adrián de León-Arias

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo, tomando ventaja de la información censal disponible durante el periodo de 1988 a 2003, exploramos las características de la dinámica de la productividad manufacturera por entidad federativa, con base en la llamada contabilidad del crecimiento. Como conclusión, se encuentran algunos patrones geográficos del crecimiento identificados en el centro-occidente, centro-oriente y la frontera norte, y dicho crecimiento se centra en estados como México, Jalisco, Baja California y Chihuahua, entre otros, que pueden ser identificados como estados ganadores, mientras que el Distrito Federal, una de las entidades federativas con mayor actividad manufacturera, es la gran perdedora en términos de crecimiento económico en este rubro. En cuanto a las fuentes de crecimiento en los estados ganadores, destaca la contribución del trabajo y en menor medida, la productividad factorial total.

  4. 1997 annual report; Rapport annuel 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-12-31

    This 1997 issue of the `IFP` (French Petroleum Institute) gives a general overview of the IFP organization, activities, human resources, international relations with some budgetary information. The main activities described concern the exploration, drilling, production, refining of petroleum, the exploration, production, treatment, transportation, conversion, storage and uses of natural gas, the petrochemistry, the motors, the environmental activities, the protection and transfer of knowledge and technology, the industrialization of the processes, the teaching and training. (O.M.)

  5. Climas urbanos y contaminación atmosférica en Santiago de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hugo Romero

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Se analizan las relaciones existentes entre temperaturas urbanas y concentraciones de material particulado a una escala que representa la totalidad de la ciudad, destacando su división en dos zonas bien delimitadas, que ubicadas al oriente y poniente de la misma, durante los días de ocurrencia de las peores condiciones de contaminación atmosférica. A escala más detallada, que representa a tipos característicos de morfología urbana, se correlacionan los usos y coberturas de suelos con los niveles de vegetación y las temperaturas de las llamadas "subzonas climáticas", en las comunas de Peñalolén, Santiago Centro y Cerrillos, que representan diversas localizaciones en los espacios naturales y socioeconómicos de la ciudad, concluyéndose que existen áreas de condiciones adversas para la población y configuraciones que resaltan su heterogeneidad y diversidad.Current relationships between urban temperatures and particulate matter concentrations at a scale that is representative of the whole city have been analyzed, highlighting a clear division in two zones, the eastern and western part of the city during the days that register the worst air pollution. On a more detailed scale, based on characteristic urban morphology types, land uses and extensions are correlated with vegetation cover and surface temperatures in so-called climatic sub-zones, in the municipalities of Peñalolén, Santiago Centro and Cerrillos, that represent different urban locations, natural cover and socioeconomic variables across the city. The article concludes that there are areas with adverse conditions for the population and configurations that highlight the heterogeneity and diversity of these municipalities.

  6. AGS experiments -- 1995, 1996 and 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Depken, J.C.; Presti, P.L.

    1997-12-01

    This report contains (1) FY 1995 AGS schedule as run; (2) FY 1996 AGS schedule as run; (3) FY 1997 AGS schedule as run; (4) FY 1998--1999 AGS schedule (proposed); (5) AGS beams 1997; (6) AGS experimental area FY 1995 physics program; (7) AGS experimental area FY 1996 physics program; (8) AGS experimental area FY 1997 physics program; (9) AGS experimental area FY 1998--1999 physics program (proposed); (10) a listing of experiments by number; (11) two-page summaries of each experiment, in order by number; and (12) listing of publications of AGS experiments.

  7. AGS experiments - 1995, 1996 and 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Depken, J.C.; Presti, P.L.

    1997-12-01

    This report contains (1) FY 1995 AGS schedule as run; (2) FY 1996 AGS schedule as run; (3) FY 1997 AGS schedule as run; (4) FY 1998--1999 AGS schedule (proposed); (5) AGS beams 1997; (6) AGS experimental area FY 1995 physics program; (7) AGS experimental area FY 1996 physics program; (8) AGS experimental area FY 1997 physics program; (9) AGS experimental area FY 1998--1999 physics program (proposed); (10) a listing of experiments by number; (11) two-page summaries of each experiment, in order by number; and (12) listing of publications of AGS experiments

  8. Natural gas annual 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-10-01

    The Natural Gas Annual provides information on the supply and disposition of natural gas to a wide audience including industry, consumers, Federal and State agencies, and educational institutions. The 1997 data are presented in a sequence that follows natural gas (including supplemental supplies) from its production to its end use. This is followed by tables summarizing natural gas supply and disposition from 1993 to 1997 for each Census Division and each State. Annual historical data are shown at the national level. 27 figs., 109 tabs

  9. Natural gas annual 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-10-01

    The Natural Gas Annual provides information on the supply and disposition of natural gas to a wide audience including industry, consumers, Federal and State agencies, and educational institutions. The 1997 data are presented in a sequence that follows natural gas (including supplemental supplies) from its production to its end use. This is followed by tables summarizing natural gas supply and disposition from 1993 to 1997 for each Census Division and each State. Annual historical data are shown at the national level. 27 figs., 109 tabs.

  10. CERN Technical Training 2003: Learning for the LHC! DISP-2003 - Digital Signal Processing

    CERN Multimedia

    2003-01-01

    DISP-2003 is a two-term course given by CERN and University of Lausanne (UNIL) experts within the framework of the Technical Training Programme. The course will review the current techniques dealing with Digital Signal Processing, and it is intended for an audience who work or will work on digital signal processing aspects, and who need an introductory or refresher/update course. The course will be in English, with question and answers also in French. Spring 2 Term: DISP-2003: Advanced Digital Signal Processing 30 April 2003 - 21 May 2003, 4 lectures, Wednesdays afternoon. Attendance cost: 40.- CHF, registration required. Lecturers: Léonard Studer, UNIL; Laurent Deniau, AT-MTM; Elena Wildner, AT-MAS. Programme: Intelligent signal processing (ISP). Non-linear time series analysis. Image processing. Wavelets. Basic concepts and definitions have been introduced during the previous Spring 1 Term: DISP-2003: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing. DISP-2003 is open to all people interested, but registrat...

  11. ABANDONO Y VAGABUNDAJE INFANTIL EN SANTIAGO DE CHILE. 1930-1950

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Poblete Naumann

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available La sociedad chilena de la primera mitad del siglo XX, experimentó diversas y profundas transformaciones agudizándose algunos problemas que aunque existentes con anterioridad no habían alcanzado una trascendencia socio-económica y política tan significativa. Uno de ellos fue el problema del abandono y vagabundaje infantil que cobró mayor intensidad precisamente entre las décadas de 1930 y 1950. La Gran Depresión y la crisis económica producidas por la Segunda Guerra Mundial, generaron un fuerte crecimiento industrial en el país. Sin embargo, este fenómeno asociado a un sostenido proceso de modernización y urbanización arrastró consigo solamente a ciertos sectores y, por ende, gran parte de la sociedad siguió enfrentada a grandes contrastes y desequilibrios, surgiendo importantes cordones marginales especialmente en torno a la ciudad de Santiago.

  12. El gasto en la atención y la prevención del VIH/SIDA en México: tendencias y estimaciones 1997-2002 HIV/AIDS care and prevention expenditures in Mexico: trends and estimations 1997-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Magis-Rodríguez

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Presentar un análisis de la tendencia seguida por el gasto ejercido en el combate de la epidemia de VIH/SIDA en México durante el periodo 1997-2002, contrastando el gasto y la distribución actual con las proyecciones internacionales y la situación imperante en otros países de la región. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: A partir de 1997, y durante tres bienios consecutivos, se ha desarrollado el análisis contable, sistematizado y exhaustivo de los flujos de financiamiento y gasto orientados al suministro de bienes y servicios relacionados con la atención y la prevención del VIH/SIDA, ejercicio denominado Cuentas Nacionales de SIDA. RESULTADOS: Se observa un incremento real y sostenido en el gasto total destinado al combate de la epidemia, estimado en 143% y ejercido en diferentes rubros, pero particularmente en el gasto en medicamentos antirretrovirales. No obstante, comparado con otros países de la región, el gasto mexicano en VIH/SIDA tiene un menor sesgo en cuanto a la asignación entre prevención y tratamiento. DISCUSIÓN: El gobierno mexicano se ha comprometido a garantizar el acceso universal al tratamiento antirretroviral para los pacientes con VIH/SIDA que lo necesiten y, al mismo tiempo, a mantener e incluso aumentar los esfuerzos en prevención. Estas actividades demandan incrementos en los recursos destinados para combatir la epidemia, por lo que es importante dar seguimiento a la eficiencia con que se estén utilizando los mismos, de forma que se pueda mejorar su asignación y focalización.OBJECITVE: This paper first presents the trend of HIV/AIDS expenditures in Mexico between 1997 and 2002. It then compares the allocation and magnitude of such expenditures within the international context and, in particular, how other countries in the region are allocating HIV/AIDS resources. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 1997, Mexico has developed and been utilizing a method for systematically and comprehensively analyze national resource

  13. Morbilidad geriátrica en el Hospital Provincial Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Saturnino Lora" de Santiago de Cuba Geriatric morbidity in "Saturnino Lora" Provincial Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital of Santiago de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Graciela Trinidad Tejera Ibarra

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal de 130 pacientes mayores de 65 años, seleccionados a través del método aleatorio simple durante su ingreso en la Sala de Geriatría del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, de junio a diciembre del 2011, con vistas a identificar las principales causas de morbilidad en estos ancianos. En la serie la mayoría de los integrantes correspondieron al sexo masculino, con predominio del grupo etario de 65-69 años, y se destacaron las enfermedades respiratorias como originarias de morbilidad, fundamentalmente la bronconeumonía, seguidas en menor frecuencia de las afecciones cardiovasculares y las neoplásicas, de las cuales sobresalieron, con un número superior de afectados, la hipertensión arterial y el cáncer de pulmón, respectivamente. Se calculó la tasa de prevalencia para expresar la morbilidad y como unidad de resumen estadístico se empleó el porcentaje.A retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 130 patients older than 65 years, selected through simple random method during their admission to the Geriatrics Department of "Saturnino Lora" Provincial Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, from June to December 2011, in order to identify the main causes of morbidity in these elderly. In the series most of the patients were male with prevalence of the age group of 65-69 years, and respiratory diseases as cause of morbidity, mainly bronchopneumonia, followed by a lesser frequency of cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases predominated, of them hypertension and lung cancer prevailed with a higher number of patients, respectively. Rate of prevalence was estimated to express the morbidity and as statistical summary unit, percentage was used.

  14. Restaurantes peruanos en Santiago de Chile: construcción de un paisaje de la migración

    OpenAIRE

    Walter Alejandro Imilan

    2014-01-01

    The text addresses the relationship between migration, insertion strategies and transformations of urban space. It argues that the proliferation of Peruvian-cuisine restaurants in Santiago forms a landscape of migration that operates both as a transversal insertion strategy for different segments of the Peruvian population and as a form of recognition of them as "other" on the part of Chilean society. Based on a quantitative and qualitative study, the article describes the main features in th...

  15. Prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in an indigenous community in Santiago Atitlán, Guatemala

    OpenAIRE

    David Chen; Álvaro Rivera-Andrade; Jessica González; David Burt; Carlos Mendoza-Montano; James Patrie; Max Luna

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT Objective To describe the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and assess knowledge of those risk factors in the indigenous community of Santiago Atitlán in Guatemala, a lower-middle income country. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using a modified version of the World Health Organization’s STEPS protocol. Adults aged 20–65 years were surveyed regarding demographics and NCD risk factors, and the survey was followed by anthropometri...

  16. Tartu 2003 : Teater

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2003-01-01

    Tartu teatrielu sündmustest 2003 - M. Savitski osalemine New Yorgi balletikonkursil, T. Lensmendi lavastus "Kihnu Jõnn", M. Undi lavastus "Aida", P. Pedajase lavastus "Nipernaadi", M.Kasterpalu juhitud Tartu Teatrilabori korraldatud teatrifestival "Draama 2003", A. Mäe asumine Vanemuise teatrijuhi kohale

  17. SIN TIERRAS NI LETRAS... HISTORIA DE LA EDUCACION MAPUCHE EN EL PERIODO REDUCCIONAL (1880-1930)

    OpenAIRE

    CANO, DANIEL

    2011-01-01

    Este es un estudio que analiza históricamente la educación entregada a los mapuches durante los años reduccionales. Dicho periodo ha sido determinado por la historiografía nacional como el tiempo que transcurrió desde la entrega del primer título de merced en 1884 –un año tras el término de la ocupación de la Araucanía- hasta 1929, cuando se concedió el último de aquellos títulos. Nuestro objetivo principal fue conocer con certeza el número total de niños mapuches que asistieron a la escuela ...

  18. MORTALIDAD ATRIBUIBLE AL CONSUMO DE TABACO EN LOS AÑOS 1987 Y 1997 EN CASTILLA-LA MANCHA, ESPAÑA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan José Criado Álvarez

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: El consumo de tabaco constituye un importante problema de salud pública, siendo una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad evitable y prematura. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la mortalidad atribuible al consumo de tabaco en Castilla-La Mancha en los años 1987 y 1997. Método: Las defunciones por edad, sexo y causa se obtuvieron del Registro de Mortalidad de Castilla-La Mancha. A partir de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud de 1987 y 1997 se tomaron los porcentajes de nunca fumadores, fumadores y exfumadores de la población por edad y sexo. Los riesgos relativos de muerte se obtuvieron del Cancer Prevention Study II, llevado a cabo en los Estados Unidos de América. Se calculó la proporción de muertes atribuibles al tabaco para cada año, sexo y grupo de edad a partir de la fracción etiológica poblacional. Asimismo, se calcularon los años potenciales de vida perdidos y la media de años potenciales de vida perdidos. Resultados: Durante los periodos estudiados se pueden atribuir al consumo de tabaco el 18% de todas las muertes en Castilla La Mancha. La mortalidad es más elevada en hombres que en mujeres, y las categorías diagnósticas que más contribuyeron fueron el cáncer tráqueobroncopulmonar (24,3% en los hombres y las enfermedades del aparato circulatorio (24,28% en las mujeres, coincidiendo con las más frecuentemente responsables de años potenciales de vida perdidos. Conclusiones: Cada día en Castilla-La Mancha fallecen 8 personas por causas atribuibles al consumo de tabaco. Las medidas introducidas para controlar el tabaquismo son insuficientes.

  19. [Factors Related to the Disability Burden in People with Suicidal Attempts Attended in the Public Health Care Service Network of Santiago de Cali].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alzate, Elvis Siprián Castro; Martínez, Alejandro Castillo

    2013-03-01

    According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the aftermaths of suicide attempts are the sixth leading cause of poor health and disability in the world. Establish the level of disability and related factors in terms of restrictions regarding participation and activity limitations in cases of suicidal attempts attended by the Public Service Network Health of Santiago de Cali, from September 2009 to June 2010. A cross-section, observational study was applied to 126 people between 15 and 65 who had attempted suicide and were treated at the Public Health Service in Santiago de Cali. A Spanish version of the Disability Assessment Scale of the World Health Organization 30 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated together with a disability prevalence of 95.3%. 4.6% of the sample did not show disability while 41.27% had mild disability, 38.1%, moderate disability, and 15.87%, severe disability. Factors related with disability were: Age, occupation, presence of mental illness, current depressive symptoms, lethal methods, use of psychiatric drugs, activity limitations, participation restrictions and lack of religious practice. The prevalence of disability in people who have committed suicidal attempts treated at the public health services in Santiago de Cali, was 95.3%. The results are consistent with the study of global burden of disease that establishes a high score for mental disorders in suicidal attempts. The presence of a deficiency after the suicide attempt increases the burden of disability. Copyright © 2013 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

  20. 7 CFR 51.1997 - Similar type.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Similar type. 51.1997 Section 51.1997 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946...

  1. Measurements of children's exposures to particles and nitrogen dioxide in Santiago, Chile

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rojas-Bracho, Leonora; Suh, Helen H.; Koutrakis, Petros; Oyola, Pedro

    2002-01-01

    An exposure study of children (aged 10-12 years) living in Santiago, Chile, was conducted. Personal, indoor and outdoor fine and inhalable particulate matter ( 2.5 and 10 , respectively), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) were measured during pilot (N=8) and main (N=20) studies, which were conducted during the winters of 1998 and 1999, respectively. For the main study, personal indoor and outdoor 24-h samples were collected for five consecutive days. Similar mean personal, indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 concentrations (69.5, 68.5 and 68.1 μg m -3 , respectively) were found. However, for coarse particles (calculated as the difference between measured PM 10 and PM 2.5 , PM 2.5-10 ) indoor and outdoor levels (35.4 and 47.4 μg m -3 ) were lower than their corresponding personal exposures (76.3 μg m -3 ). Indoor and outdoor NO 2 concentrations were comparable (35.8 and 36.9 ppb) and higher than personal exposures (25.9 ppb). Very low ambient indoor and personal O 3 levels were found, which were mostly below the method's limit of detection (LOD). Outdoor particles contributed significantly to indoor concentrations, with effective penetration efficiencies of 0.61 and 0.30 for PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 , respectively. Personal exposures were strongly associated with indoor and outdoor concentrations for PM 2.5 , but weakly associated for PM 2.5-10 . For NO 2 , weak associations were obtained for indoor-outdoor and personal-outdoor relationships. This is probably a result of the presence of gas cooking stoves in all the homes. Median I/O, P/I and P/O ratios for PM 2.5 were close to unity, and for NO 2 they ranged between 0.64 and 0.95. These ratios were probably due to high ambient PM 2.5 and NO 2 levels in Santiago, which diminished the relative contribution of indoor sources and subjects' activities to indoor and personal PM 2.5 and NO 2 levels

  2. Actitudes lingüísticas en Santiago de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Darío Rojas

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de Santiago, hacia al español de Chile y hacia el español de los otros países hispanohablantes: El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Entre nuestros hallazgos, destacan los siguientes: 1 los santiaguinos muestran seguridad lingüística en comparación con variedades regionales del español de Chile, pero una gran inseguridad cuando se comparan con el habla de otros países; 2 sus actitudes se ven influenciadas tanto por características lingüísticas (modelo ideal de lengua, conservador y de raigambre colonial como por características extralingüísticas (estatus social; 3 el concepto de mayor peso dentro de la ideología lingüística de los santiaguinos es la corrección idiomática, que se articula con otros dos conceptos clave: el de unidad lingüística y el de entendimiento (o comprensión lingüística. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of Spanish speakers from Santiago, towards Spanish spoken in Chile and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 persons based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. Our main findings are the following: 1 Santiaguinos show linguistic confidence when they compare their speech to regional varieties of Chilean Spanish, but they show great insecurity when they compare their speech to those of other

  3. "Porgandipirukas" ei võitnud Cartoon d'Ori

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2004-01-01

    Heiki Ernitsa ja Janno Põldma "Kontsert porgandipirukale" valiti Santiago de Compostelas (Hispaania) üleantava animafilmi auhinna Cartoon d'Or viie nominendi hulka. Auhinna sai siiski Virgil Widrichi lühifilm "Kiire film" ("Fast Film") : Austria - Luksemburg 2003

  4. 1997 hazardous to coastal health?

    Science.gov (United States)

    The atmosphere above North America and the Atlantic turned violent with increasing frequency in 1995 and 1996, and some researchers expect that trend to continue in 1997. According to an April 4 forecast by William Gray of Colorado State University, Christopher Landsea of NOAA's Hurricane Research Division, and colleagues, the hurricane season of 1997 is likely to be more active than the average year and significantly more active than those of the early 1990s. Gray and colleagues are forecasting 11 named storms during the 1997 season, which lasts from June to December, the historical average is 9.3 named storms per season. The researchers predict 7 hurricanes (average is 5.8), three of which will be intense (category 3-4-5) hurricanes. The net tropical cyclone activity is expected to be 110% of normal.

  5. Gender Equality and Women Empowerment Gleaned in the Selected Speeches of Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Luisa A. Valdez

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Gender inequality and the resulting discrimination of women are deeply rooted in history, culture and tradition. It is said to be detrimental to the mental health of women and persists as a debilitating stigma which lowers their dignity and sense of self-worth. Thus, this qualitative research was conducted to underscore the issue of gender equality and women empowerment as core topics in selected speeches of Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago. Findings of the analysis showed that the issue of gender gap in the Philippines was manifested and discussed forthrightly by the senator in her speeches in terms of educational attainment, health and survival, economic participation and opportunity, and political empowerment, all being effectively touched by the senator with the signature wit, eloquence, astuteness and passion she was widely known for; that gender equality and women empowerment were likewise gleaned in the selected speeches, all of which were delivered by Miriam Defensor Santiago with the motive of persuading her audience to espouse the same advocacy, and this she achieved through her unique and distinct style of utilizing the persuasive ability of literature; and, that the implications of the author's advocacy on gender equality and gender empowerment delegated the monumental task upon the shoulders of the Filipino youth, in ways that their thinking will be directly influenced by her advocacy and thus promote within them a sense of urgency to embrace and espouse the same advocacies in order for them to be able to contribute to nation building.

  6. Temporal evolution of main ambient PM2. 5 sources in Santiago, Chile, from 1998 to 2012

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barraza, Francisco; Lambert, Fabrice; Jorquera, Héctor; María Villalobos, Ana; Gallardo, Laura

    2017-08-01

    The inhabitants of Santiago, Chile have been exposed to harmful levels of air pollutants for decades. The city's poor air quality is a result of steady economic growth, and stable atmospheric conditions adverse to mixing and ventilation that favor the formation of oxidants and secondary aerosols. Identifying and quantifying the sources that contribute to the ambient levels of pollutants is key for designing adequate mitigation measures. Estimating the evolution of source contributions to ambient pollution levels is also paramount to evaluating the effectiveness of pollution reduction measures that have been implemented in recent decades. Here, we quantify the main sources that have contributed to fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) between April 1998 and August 2012 in downtown Santiago by using two different source-receptor models (PMF 5.0 and UNMIX 6.0) that were applied to elemental measurements of 1243 24 h filter samples of ambient PM2.5. PMF resolved six sources that contributed to ambient PM2. 5, with UNMIX producing similar results: motor vehicles (37.3 ± 1.1 %), industrial sources (18.5 ± 1.3 %), copper smelters (14.4 ± 0.8 %), wood burning (12.3 ± 1.0 %), coastal sources (9.5 ± 0.7 %) and urban dust (3.0 ± 1.2 %). Our results show that over the 15 years analyzed here, four of the resolved sources significantly decreased [95 % confidence interval]: motor vehicles 21.3 % [2.6, 36.5], industrial sources 39.3 % [28.6, 48.4], copper smelters 81.5 % [75.5, 85.9], and coastal sources 58.9 % [38.5, 72.5], while wood burning did not significantly change and urban dust increased by 72 % [48.9, 99.9]. These changes are consistent with emission reduction measures, such as improved vehicle emission standards, cleaner smelting technology, introduction of low-sulfur diesel for vehicles and natural gas for industrial processes, public transport improvements, etc. However, it is also apparent that the mitigation expected from the above regulations has been partially

  7. GEOPROCESSAMENTO ALGÉBRICO UTILIZADO NA CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTIAGO-RS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lueni Gonçalves Terra

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available O geoprocessamento é uma ferramenta que tem sido utilizada em larga escala em estudos ambientais, pois permite a extração de informações com rapidez e acurácia. Estudos de fragilidade ambiental norteiam meios e condições para que todos os objetivos da conservação ambiental possam ser alcançados de forma harmônica. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar a fragilidade ambiental do município de Santiago-RS, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. Realizou-se um mapeamento temático da declividade, uso e ocupação da terra, tipo de solo e geologia, a partir da metodologia proposta por Ross (1994, logo foram atribuídos pesos de importância para cada um dos fatores e realizou-se uma álgebra de mapas. O resultado destacou que Santiago apresenta uma fragilidade média em 33,8% e muito alta em 29,3% da área estudada, fator que está associado a fatores antropogênicos, como urbanização e solo exposto. A partir dos estudos de fragilidade ambiental foi possível apontar as áreas onde a vulnerabilidade ambiental é considerada alta, possibilitando um melhor planejamento ambiental e auxílio para instituição de políticas públicas de ordenamento territorial.

  8. EDF - Electricite de France. Results 1997. 1997: The enterprise prepares for competition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1997-01-01

    In 1997 the energy production of the French Electricity Company EDF (Electricite de France) reached the value of 457.7 billion kWh, of which 82% is nuclear, 14% hydraulic and 4% classical thermal power. The management of maintenance annual intervention allowed and availability of the nuclear sector of 82.6%. The safety level was also maintained at a high value. The quality of the supplied electricity has been improved continuously: the annual average interruption duration for low voltage supply has been reduced from 1.35 h in 1996 to 1.06 h in 1997. Sale volume in France (369.9 billion kWh) is 0.7% lower than in 1996. EDF remains the first electricity exporter in Europe. The EDF has strengthened in 1997 its international development. FF 4.2 billions have been invested in Europe, Latin America and Asia. A social policy has been developed in favor of employee, particularly, young people acting toward enterprise's development, better management and working time reduction. In the frame of its relation with the state the EDF Company has signed a new contract for the period 1997-2000 which will allow reaching its ambition: becoming a public service of reference in Europe and its promotion as leader in industrial services, in the electric sector of France and on the international market. The results of this first year has confirmed the course adopted. The report contains the following seven chapters: 1. Relations with the state and the evolution of the institutional frame; 2. The financial results and administration; 3. Technical results; 4. Development in France; 5. International development; 6. Social and human resources; 7. Environment

  9. Pérdidas laborales ocasionadas por muertes prematuras en España: un análisis para el periodo 2005-2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz María Peña Longobardo

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamentos: El impacto económico que causan las enfermedades va mucho más allá del gasto sanitario, transmitiéndose a la sociedad a través de diferentes dimensiones. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la evolución de las pérdidas de productividad laboral causadas por muertes prematuras en España durante el periodo 2005-2009. Métodos: Se emplearon varias fuentes estadísticas (Registro de defunciones según la causa de muerte, Encuesta de Población Activa y Encuesta de Estructura Salarial para desarrollar un modelo de simulación basado en el enfoque de capital humano que permitió estimar las pérdidas laborales ocasionadas por muertes prematuras para el periodo analizado. Adicionalmente, se llevaron a cabo dos escenarios alternativos en los que se analizó la influencia de la evolución epidemiológica en los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: El modelo de simulación mostró una caída de las pérdidas laborales asociadas a muertes prematuras que fue desde 8.935 millones de euros en 2005 a 8.073 millones de euros en 2009. El análisis de las causas reducidas de muerte señaló que nueve causas de enfermedad (accidentes de tráfico, tumor maligno de tráquea, suicidios, infarto agudo de miocardio, SIDA, cirrosis, tumor de mama, enfermedades cerebrovasculares y cáncer de colon supusieron el 35,6% del total de Años Potenciales de Vida Laboral Perdidos y 36,6% del total de pérdida estimada. Las pérdidas estimadas representaron el 0,98%, 0,85% y 0,77% del Producto Interior Bruto de 2005, 2007 y 2009, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las pérdidas laborales ocasionadas por muertes prematuras en España disminuyeron sustancialmente en el periodo analizado. Esta reducción se debió fundamentalmente a la favorable evolución epidemiológica de la mortalidad prematura.

  10. Management Information Systems for Faculty Allocations in Institutions of Higher Education: A Case Study for the Universidad de Santiago de Chile.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karadima, Oscar

    The transformation of the present manual system of data manipulation at the Universidad de Santiago de Chile into a computer-based information system capable of supporting decision making is proposed. The information system would be used to determine the number of faculty required by each academic department, based on the number of weekly hours…

  11. Characterization of airborne particulate matter in Santiago, Chile. Part 1: design, sampling and analysis for an experimental campaign

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Toro E, P.

    1995-01-01

    This work describes the siting and sampling procedures of collecting airborne particulate matter in Santiago, Chile, determining its chemical composition and daily behaviour. The airborne particulate matter was collected onto polycarbonate membranes, one of fine pore and other of coarse pore, using Pm 10 samplers. The material was analyzed using neutron activation analysis., proton induced X ray emission, X ray fluorescence, voltametry, atomic absorption spectrometry, ion chromatography and isotope dilution. (author). 1 tab

  12. Prevalencia de hipertransaminasemia con tratamiento antituberculoso en el Centro Médico Naval "Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara" 2016.

    OpenAIRE

    Alberca Canelo, Yeny Valmeri

    2016-01-01

    Determina la prevalencia de hipertransaminasemia en pacientes con tratamiento antituberculoso en el Centro Médico Naval “Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara”. El presente estudio busca identificar las características de la hipertransaminasemia, conocer su porcentaje e identificar los factores de riesgo en pacientes con tratamiento antituberculoso puesto que se viene observando un mayor número de pacientes que presentan hipertransaminasemia lo cual genera la suspensión del tratamiento contra la tub...

  13. 2003 annual report; Rapport annuel 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-07-01

    This document is the 2003 annual report of the French general direction of energy and raw materials (DGEMP) of the Ministry of economy, finances and industry. It presents the main highlights of the year 2003: national facts: energy situation of France, the summer 2003 heat wave and the climatic change, the prevention of power outages, the electricity prices and the opening of markets, the new natural gas transportation tariffs, the specificity of power generation and distribution and the economy of hydrocarbons in overseas territories, the petroleum market, the impact of the Iraq crisis, the closing down of coal mines, the safety and environmental improvements of La Hague and Marcoule nuclear facilities, the start-up of ANDRA's Aube plant for the storage of low level radioactive wastes; international facts: the revival of French-Russian exchanges, China: the new actor of the international scene, Alcan's takeover bid of Pechiney and the birth of the first aluminium world group, the revival of the 2003 Euro-Mediterranean energy partnership, the French-Algerian energy relationship, IEA's ministerial conference of April 28-29, the international action in the domain of nuclear safety and security, the world nuclear revival; energy policy trends: from the debate to the energy trend law for a sustainable energy policy, the development of renewable energies: which power generation, the stakes of the energy policy on the climatic changes, hydrogen as tomorrow's energy vector, the reference costs of power generation, a simpler and more efficient energy statistics tool, DGEMP's energy observatory prospects and scenarios for 2030 and 2050, the voluntaristic dams safety policy, the new technological challenges of the petroleum industry, the new Manosque-Berre pond pipeline for the supply of strategic stockpiles, the French office of geological and mining researches (BRGM) and its activities towards the public, tomorrow's uranium industry, ITER and

  14. Arengud maailma turismis 2003 / Piret Kallas

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kallas, Piret

    2004-01-01

    2003. aasta statistilised andmed turismi ja reisimise kohta. Tabelid: Ööbimisega reisid maailmas regiooniti, 1990-2003; Väliskülastajate saabumised Eestisse, 1996-2003; Väliskülastajate saabumised Eestisse transpordiliikide lõikes, 2001-2003; Eesti majandusettevõtetes majutatud turistid ja nende ööbimised, 2001-2003

  15. Violencia contra la mujer en feminicidio en el periodo 2009- 2014 por regiones en el Perú

    OpenAIRE

    Torres Castillo, Rosa María

    2017-01-01

    La presente investigación “Violencia Contra la Mujer en Feminicidio en el periodo 2009 -2014 por regiones en el Perú” tuvo como objetivo general determinar las diferencias existentes en los casos de violencia contra la mujer en Feminicidio que se han producido en el quinquenio 2009-2014 por regiones en el Perú. La población estuvo conformada por las estadísticas de feminicidios de los años 2009-2014, la muestra censal considero toda la población, en los cuales se han emplead...

  16. To Trade or Not to Trade: Firm-Level Analysis of Emissions Trading in Santiago, Chile

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Coria, Jessica; Loefgren, Aasa; Sterner, Thomas

    2009-01-01

    Whether tradable permits are appropriate for use in transition and developing economies - given special social and cultural circumstances, such as the lack of institutions and lack of expertise with market-based policies - is much debated. We conducted interviews and surveyed a sample of firms subject to emissions trading programs in Santiago, Chile, one of the first cities outside the OECD that has implemented such trading. The information gathered allow us to study what factors affect the performance of the trading programs in practice and the challenges and advantages of applying tradable permits in less developed countries

  17. Status and trend of tree growth and mortality rate at the CONECOFOR plots, 1997-2004

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gianfranco Fabbio

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available The circumference of trees in the CONECOFOR permanent monitoring plots (PMPs were measured by three surveys carried out in 1997, 2000 and 2005. Plots were arranged into forest types according to tree species, management system and stand structure: beech (Fagus sylvatica L. and spruce (Picea abies K. high forests, aged coppice forests and transitory crops (deciduous, evergreen oaks and beech. Diameter distribution, basal area, basal area increment, tree mortality rate and in-growth were calculated per layer (dominant, intermediate, dominated within each PMP, to point out relative contributions and changes. A range in relative annual growth was detected both within and between types over the monitored period, but an obvious reduction of annual increment was found in two/thirds of plots over 2000-04 as compared to 1997-99. Current mortality, mostly allocated into the dominated and intermediate layers, can be explained as “regular” due to overstocking and high inter-tree competition in almost all of the observed case-studies. Opposite patterns were found to occur as for stand growth vs. mortality rate between coppice forests and the other types owing to the different dynamics of tree competition in progress. Drought 2003 is the likely large-scale factor determining the reduced annual growth course over the second period.

  18. Determinantes y perfiles de la participacion laboral en Colombia en el periodo 2002-2013

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nestor Ivan Gonzalez-Quintero

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Para establecer los determinantes de la participación laboral en Colombia, sobre una muestra de individuos con representatividad nacional, así como el aporte de cada uno de estos determinantes a la dinámica de la tasa de participación en el periodo 2002-2013, se estiman modelos tipo probit y se establecen perfiles de participación, a partir de las probabilidades estimadas, condicionadas para cuatro grupos de mujeres y hombres en diferentes rangos de edad. Se concluye que alcanzar niveles de educación superior, contar con un ingreso por pensión y la presencia de menores en el hogar son factores importantes para explicar tal dinámica.

  19. Manejando por Santiago: Explorando el uso de automóviles por parte de habitantes de bajos ingresos desde una óptica de movilidad sustentable

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    SEBASTIÁN URETA ICAZA

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available En los últimos años, los regímenes actuales de movilidad urbana cotidiana y sus efectos sociales y medioambientales han sido materia de debate y preocupación pública. En el presente artículo pretendemos explorar el tema a través de un caso de estudio específico: el análisis de los motivos y percepciones detrás de la adquisición y el uso de automóviles por parte de habitantes de bajos ingresos de la ciudad de Santiago, Chile. En primer lugar veremos cómo puede ser entendido el automóvil y el tipo de movilidad urbana que genera desde una óptica de teoría social y urbana. En segundo lugar, presentaremos algunas tendencias generales de uso de automóviles en Santiago. Luego se analizarán en detalle los principales argumentos detrás de la adquisición, uso y valoración del automóvil por parte de un grupo de usuarios de bajos ingresos de la ciudad. Finalmente entregaremos, a partir de los análisis presentados, algunas ideas que pueden contribuir al diseño de políticas públicas que incentiven formas de movilidad urbana sustentables en la ciudad.In recent years, existingforms of daily urban mobility and their social and environmental impacts have become issues of debate and public concern. In this article we explore this issue through a specific case study: the analysis of the motives and perceptions that lie behind the acquisition and use of cars by low income residents in Santiago de Chile. Firstly we analyze how the car and the type of urban mobility that is generated are understood in terms of social and urban theory. Secondly, we present some general tendencies of car use in Santiago. Next we look in detail at the principal arguments behind acquisition, use and valuing of the vehicle by a group of low income users in the city. Finally, we offer, based on the analysis, some ideas that can contribute to the design of public policies that incentivize forms of sustainable urban mobility in the city.

  20. Albania’s Transformation since 1997: Successes and Failures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jusufi Islam

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available In 1997 Albania experienced a collapse of order and widespread violence, which resulted in a situation where the government was overthrown and some 2,000 people were killed. The 1997 disorder came as a result of the collapse of fraudulent financial pyramid schemes that had all the features of a war-like economic structure. During the 1997 events, large-scale confiscation and stealing of state assets occurred. Albania’s transitional period from communism to democracy, which began in 1990, led to the establishment of new structures for profiting from the country’s resources. Some of these political and economic structures, in the aftermath of the 1997 events, disappeared and others, including their structural effects, persist and have had an impact on the country’s political stability and economic progress. Today, both the successes and failures of the country are assessed based on the progress that the country has made since the 1997 events. The paper analyses the 1997 events and the transformation of Albania’s political and economic structures between 1997 and 2016, considering both achievements and failures. It looks at how the country has dealt with the post-1997 peace-building and development agenda from the perspective of it being a success. It looks at the factors that led to state failure in 1997 and at the factors that continue and have generated a path dependency to the current political context of the country. Although a lot has been written concerning the 1997 events, very little analysis has been conducted concerning what it means from the perspective of research on state failure. In this context, the proposed paper seeks to offer Albania as a case study example of a transformation process, from the uprising to the current situation, which is characterized as a mixture of successes and failures. The belief is that the proposed paper will point to some lessons learned for the strategies directed at the transformation processes.

  1. Cuando la pintura es poesía: versos y jeroglíficos con que la Universidad de Santiago lloró a Carlos II

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nieves Pena Sueiro

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available La muerte de Carlos II abría un período de incertidumbre que supuso el fin del reinado de la casa de Austria en España. Por este motivo las ceremonias que conmemoraron su muerte se llenaron de símbolos referentes a las dos dinastías. Presentamos la edición y estudio de un texto, único testimonio, que refleja cómo la Universidad de Santiago lloró a Carlos II a la vez que daba la bienvenida a Felipe V. The death of Carlos II supposed the aim of the reign of the house of Austria in Spain. For this reason the ceremonies that commemorated their death filled of referring symbols to the two dynasties. We present the edition and study of a text, only testimony, that reflects how the University of Santiago wept to Carlos II simultaneously that was giving the welcome to Philip V.

  2. Modernidad en movimiento: Cómo enfrentarse a la movilidad motorizada en Teherán, Santiago y Copenhague

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marie Thynell

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available El progreso de la modernización está acompañado por un énfasis en la movilidad urbana y el crecimiento económico, junto con un creciente conocimiento medioambiental. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la transformación de los sistemas de transporte (automotriz y de transporte público junto con cambios urbanos relacionados, y sus efectos sociales en tres ciudades muy diferentes: Santiago, Teherán y Copenhague. En estas ciudades, la propiedad de vehículos se está incrementando y la movilidad motorizada se está además facilitando. La motorización masiva es una parte esencial de la modernización. Sin embargo, su impacto en el desarrollo social es un área de investigación que ha recibido escasa atención. Además, la motorización masiva es manejada de maneras diferentes, en distintos escenarios socio-políticos. En Teherán el énfasis está puesto en el mejoramiento y ampliación tecnológicos. En Santiago, una importante re-regulación y modernización del sistema está teniendo lugar. En Copenhague, todos los tipos de mejoramiento son realizados inspirados en parte en la Agenda 21. Además, como precisa el artículo, el orden político local y las estrategias escogidas para manejar los problemas de la motorización son diversos. Nuestro análisis enfatiza la motorización masiva, las intervenciones políticas, la sociedad civil, el gobierno urbano, el desarrollo sustentable y la administración de la movilidad urbana. Se concluye que la fuerza política a nivel de la ciudad parece ser más débil de lo que se observa a nivel nacionalThe progress of modernization is accompanied by an emphasis on urban mobility and economic growth together with increasing environmental awareness. This article aims at analysing the transformation of transport systems (car-road system and public transport together with related urban changes and their societal effects in three very different cities: Santiago, Tehran and Copenhagen. In these

  3. Advancement & Promotion Review: 2003

    CERN Multimedia

    2003-01-01

    Advancement, exceptional advancement and promotion decisions were made at the end of June, following the procedures published in Weekly Bulletin No. 13/2003. These decisions were included, where applicable, in the salaries for the month of July 2003. The award of the periodic step was communicated to staff by the salary shown on the July salary slip. All other decisions are communicated by separate notification. The names of staff receiving exceptional advancements or promotions are now published on the HR Division website and are accessible for consultation only at the following address: http://cern.ch/hr-div/internal/personnel/advlist_2003.asp It is recalled that change of career path proposals submitted to the Technical Engineers and Administrative Careers Committee (TEACC) or to Human Resources Division are being examined with a view to preparing the latters' recommendations by the end of September 2003. Final decisions will be applied retroactively to 1 July 2003. Human Resources Division Tel:...

  4. Inspections Report 2002 - 2003; Tillsynsrapport 2002 - 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Viidas, Josefin

    2004-10-01

    The report summarises primarily the supervision of waste management and environmental protection at the nuclear facilities that was carried out by the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority in 2002 and 2003. A summary of the inspections and a description of important issues connected with the supervision of nuclear facilities are given. The inspections during 2002 focused on the investigation and coverage of the mishap related to the transport of iridium from Studsvik. The Studsvik project was initiated and the remaining supervision was temporarily given lower priority. In 2003 SSI performed two theme inspections. One focused on the handling of waste management and the other on the limitation of the effluent. Extensive supervision efforts concentrated also on Ranstad Mineral inc.

  5. Global Fire Emissions Indicators, Grids: 1997-2015

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The Global Fire Emissions Indicators, Grids: 1997-2015 contain a time-series of rasters from 1997 to 2015 for total area burned (hectares) and total carbon content...

  6. Analysis of PM10, PM2.5, and PM2 5-10 concentrations in Santiago, Chile, from 1989 to 2001.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koutrakis, Petros; Sax, Sonja N; Sarnat, Jeremy A; Coull, Brent; Demokritou, Phil; Oyola, Pedro; Garcia, Javier; Gramsch, Ernesto

    2005-03-01

    Daily particle samples were collected in Santiago, Chile, at four urban locations from January 1, 1989, through December 31, 2001. Both fine PM with da Ambient Air Quality Standards and the European Union concentration limits. Mean PM2.5 levels during the cold season (April through September) were more than twice as high as those observed in the warm season (October through March); whereas coarse particle levels were similar in both seasons. PM concentration trends were investigated using regression models, controlling for site, weekday, month, wind speed, temperature, and RH. Results showed that PM2.5 concentrations decreased substantially, 52% over the 12-year period (1989-2000), whereas PM2.5-10 concentrations increased by approximately 50% in the first 5 years and then decreased by a similar percentage over the following 7 years. These decreases were evident even after controlling for significant climatic effects. These results suggest that the pollution reduction programs developed and implemented by the Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente (CONAMA) have been effective in reducing particle levels in the Santiago Metropolitan region. However, particle levels remain high and it is thus imperative that efforts to improve air quality continue.

  7. Las salamancas mestizas: de las religiones indígenas a la hechicería colonial. Santiago del Estero, siglo XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Judith Farberman

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available La mayoría de los folcloristas ha coincidido en el origen hispano del estereotipo de escuela de magia conocida como salamanca, de amplia difusión en el noroeste argentino. Este trabajo postula la configuración mestiza del mismo y su desarrollo a partir de la hibridación de elementos religiosos y culturales entre los siglos XVI y XVIII. Como fuentes principales me he valido de dos procesos civiles contra hechiceras sustanciados en Santiago del Estero y, secundariamente, de materiales como Cartas Anuas jesuíticas, catecismos y confesionarios de indios.In general folklore studies agreed upon the Spanish origins of the magic school known as Salamanca, widely spread in the northwest of Argentina. Based on the existence of hybrid elements, found in culture and religion, this article poses the existence of a mestizo influence in its development in Santiago del Estero during the XVI and XVII centuries. The main sources analyzed were judicial processes held against witches in the area under study, and secondarily some material such us the Jesuits' Cartas Anuas, and Indian catechisms and confessionaries.

  8. Determinantes sociales de la salud y discapacidad: caso Santiago de Cali / Social determinants of health and disability: the Santiago de Cali case

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Consuelo Vélez A

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: establecer la relación entre los determinantes sociales de la salud y la discapacidad en Santiago de Cali. Metodología: estudio descriptivo correlacional. Se incluyeron para el análisis 38.071 personas registradas en la base de datos del Dane (Cali; la información se procesó en SPSS 19.0: determinantes estructurales, género, edad, nivel educativo, raza, zona de residencia, estrato y determinantes intermedios como trabajo y vivienda; se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado empleando la prueba de x2 . Resultados: el 52% de las personas pertenecía al género femenino; el promedio de la edad fue de 48 años +/– 24,1 años y la raza predominante, la mestiza. El 28% de las personas registradas no tenía ningún nivel de estudio; un 76% de las personas pertenecen a estratos 1 y 2. El 100% tienen al menos una deficiencia y una discapacidad y el 25% presentan restricción en la participación. El género femenino presenta menos restricción en la participación, comparado con el masculino (71,2% y 66,8% respectivamente. Se encontró asociación entre los determinantes sociales estructurales e intermedios y la restricción en la participación p < 0,05. Conclusiones: existe interacción de los determinantes sociales de la salud, como género, educación, empleo, barreras arquitectónicas y servicios de salud, entre otros, con la restricción en la participación Objective: to establish the relationship between the social determinants of health and disability in Santiago de Cali. Methodology: a correlational descriptive study. The analysis included a total of 38,071 people who had been registered in the dane database (Cali, and the data was processed using the spss 19.0 software. Structural Determinants: gender, age, education level, race, area of residence, and intermediate determinants such as job and housing information. In addition, univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using the x2 test. Results: of the participants

  9. Aproximación a la evolución paleoecológica del periodo Tardiglaciar y Postglaciar del Pirineo Central (Ribagorza y Noguera).

    OpenAIRE

    Bergadà, M. M.; Fullola, J. M.; Serrat, D.; Montserrat Martí, Josep María; Vilaplana, J. M.

    1992-01-01

    [ES] Aproximación a la evolución paleoecológica durante el periodo Tardiglariar y postglaciar de dos puntos de Pirineo y la Depresión del Ebro mediante la correlación de depósitos de distin origen: Llauset (depósito lacustre) y Parco (depósito detrítico en cueva).

  10. LULI 1997 activity report; LULI rapport annuel 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-07-01

    This document gathers the main results obtained by scientists from the LULI (laboratory for the use of intense lasers) unit in 1997. It is made up of 46 short articles and is organized into 5 topics: 1) laser-matter interaction, 2) hydrodynamics, shocks, material treatment, 3) atom physics, X-ray lasers, 4) progress in optics for power lasers, and 5) instrumentation and other advances.

  11. 2003 annual results of EdF group; Resultats annuels 2003 du groupe EDF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-03-01

    The Electricite de France (EdF) group Board of Directors, meeting on March 11, 2004, under the Chairmanship of Francois Roussely, reviewed the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended 12/31/2003. This document presents the consolidated results of EdF group for 2003: consolidated financial statements, highlights of the year, focus on 2003 events, commercial results, EDF in Europe and worldwide, EDF France highlights, key figures. (J.S.)

  12. The Singapore general election 1997

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Li, Jinshan; Elklit, Jørgen

    1999-01-01

    The parliamentary eklection in singapore in January 1997 is examined, as is the particular electoral system ('the party block vote') which is found to be a central element in the electoral strategy of the ruling party, PAP. the functioning of this rare electoral system is, however, only one eleme...... in explaining how PAP has been able to win comfortable majorities in the House. The analysis contributes to the understandi9ng of how a semi-democratic regime can stay in power. The political and electoral process in relation to the 1997 election is also analysed......The parliamentary eklection in singapore in January 1997 is examined, as is the particular electoral system ('the party block vote') which is found to be a central element in the electoral strategy of the ruling party, PAP. the functioning of this rare electoral system is, however, only one element...

  13. Análisis de la interacción humano-estructura en puentes peatonales de santiago de cali

    OpenAIRE

    SÁNCHEZ, JHON ANDERSON; GÓMEZ PIZANO, DANIEL; THOMSON, PETER

    2013-01-01

    En la actualidad, el incremento de la resistencia en nuevos materiales y las mayores luces entre apoyos hacen que los puentes peatonales sean más susceptibles a problemas de vibraciones excesivas. Infortunadamente las provisiones de las normas colombianas son limitadas para el diseño o rehabilitación de estas estructuras. En este artículo se presenta una clasificación de los puentes peatonales en Santiago de Cali que permite comparar efectos de la Interacción Humano-Estructura, aceleraciones ...

  14. Ecological economics of North American integration: the reshaping of the economic landscape in the Santiago river basin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salvador Peniche Camps

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Ecological Economics studies social metabolism; that is, the material and energy flow into and out of the economy. Using the ecological economics perspective, we analyse the transformation of the economic landscape of the Santiago river basin, Mexico. We discuss why the appropriation of water resources is one of the most important drivers of North American economic integration. We argue that the theoretical model of neo-extractivism can explain the dynamics of social metabolism behind the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA.

  15. El Congreso de Estudiantes Latinoamericanos de Santiago. Antimperialismo e indoamericanismo en el movimiento estudiantil chileno (1935-1940

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Moraga Valle

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available The Latin-American Student Conference was held in Santiago de Chile in October of 1937. During this event, the communist proposals of the "proletarian internationalism" and the "indoamericanism" of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (apra were confronted. Our hypothesis is that in Chile the most intense debates regarding these projects took place more through the student movement than through the formal political system. To do this we analyze the political and ideological discourse appearing in national student magazines and newspapers regarding this congress.

  16. The ´70th to ´90th carnival poster: a highest contribution to graphic design of Santiago de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zoilo Rafael Fernández-Hernández

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available During the 70th´s and 80th´s of the last century in Santiago de Cuba, the promotional carnival poster, as an essentially popular fact, was endowed of particulars characteristics in the national context, which was determining for its concepts. In these poster is undeniable its remarkable identifying value, related with local and caribbean cultural traditions, quiet clear in this city.

  17. Cartografía urbana y espacialidad dramática en «Santiago el Verde», de Lope de Vega

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Sáez Raposo

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza el modo en el que Lope de Vega conjuga hasa cuatro niveles espaciales diferentes a la hora de construir dramatúrgicamente su comedia «Santiago el Verde» (1615. Uno de dichos espacios con los que juega el autor es la propia ciudad de Madrid, la ciudad real que contiene el corral de comedias donde se lleva a cabo la representación y que, a su vez, es reproducida en ella. Este recurso consigue un efecto sugestivo y evocador en un momento histórico en el que el espectador teatral y la propia urbe están definiendo sus identidades moldeándose mutuamente. This paper analyzes the way in wich Lope de Vega combines up to four different dramatic space levels when writing his comedia entitled «Santiago el Verde» (1615. One of these spaces the playwright plays with is the city of Madrid itself, the city that actually contains the playhoyse where the performance is taking place and that, at the same time, it is being reproduced in it. This device generates a stimulating and a evocative effect in a historical time when the theatre spectator and the city itself are defining their identities by molding each other.

  18. Los significados culturales sobre la naturaleza en el asentamiento poblacional Siboney. Santiago de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MSc. Roxana Cruz-Doimeadios

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Se realiza un estudio sobre los significados otorgados a la naturaleza después del evento meteorológico Sandy que azotó el país en el mes de octubre del año 2012 en el asentamiento poblacional Siboney, ubicado en el municipio Santiago de Cuba. Con anterioridad, los significados estaban asociados a percepciones de seguridad, tanto de nesecidades materiales como espirituales. Los resultados muestran la diversidad que caracteriza los significados culturales, los que se diferencian entre los actores individuales y los grupos, estas diferencias se reflejan en las acciones que desarrollan a través de las estrategias para el manejo de la naturaleza en el asentamiento.

  19. Distribución, superficie y accesibilidad de las áreas verdes en Santiago de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sonia Reyes Päcke

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Las áreas verdes urbanas (AVU proveen servicios sociales y ecológicos, en función de su distribución, superficie y accesibilidad. Se evalúan dichos atributos para las AVU de Santiago mediante métricas de paisaje. Se muestra que el 91% de las AVU tiene tamaño menor a 5.000 m². Las comunas de bajos ingresos y mayor población presentan un mayor número de áreas verdes (NP, pero de menor tamaño (Green spaces provide social and ecological functions within urban environments. The magnitude of these depends on the size, distribution and accessibility of such spaces. These attributes of the green areas in Santiago de Chile are evaluated using landscape metrics. The results show that 91% of green spaces are smaller than 5,000 m2. Municipalities with higher population and lower income levels had a greater number of green spaces, but these are smaller than 1,000 m2. The four municipalities with the highest income levels have 32.2% of the total green space surface, while the four municipalities with the lowest income levels barely exceed 4.0%>. The proposed accessibility indicator (IAc reveals that in the La Pintana municipality (low income level, 19.6% of the population has access to a green space of at least 5,000 within 300 from their home, while this figure is 45.3% for San Miguel (medium income level and 74.1% in Vitacura (high income level. Chilean urban legislation tends to promote the creation of smaller green spaces.

  20. Peregrinação, turismo e nova era: caminhos de Santiago de Compostela no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Alberto Steil

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available Desde o início dos anos 2000 o panorama das peregrinações realizadas no Brasil vem sendo incrementado com a entrada em cena das novas rotas que têm por inspiração o Caminho de Santiago de Compostela, na Espanha. Entre estas rotas, destacam-se as conhecidas como Caminho da Luz (Minas Gerais, Caminho do Sol (São Paulo, Passos de Anchieta (Espírito Santo, Caminho da Fé (Minas Gerais e São Paulo e Caminho das Missões (Rio Grande do Sul. Neste artigo analisamos essas cinco rotas que passaram a integrar roteiros turísticos, com intuito comparativo e buscamos compreender tanto os aspectos recorrentes e as tendências gerais desses eventos na atualidade quanto as singularidades e modalidades que adquirem em cada contexto específico.Since the years 2000 the panorama of pilgrimage in Brazil has been increased with the addition of new routes of pilgrimage which are inspired in the Route of Santiago of Compostela, in Spain. Amongst these routes, five became quite known as Caminho da Luz (Light Path, Minas Gerais, Caminho do Sol (Sun Path, São Paulo, Passos de Anchieta (Anchieta Path, Espírito Santo, Caminho da Fé (Faith Path, Minas Gerais and São Paulo, and Caminho das Missões (Missions Path, Rio Grande do Sul. In this article we analyze these five routes, which have become part of touristic programs, from a comparative perspective while trying to understand the longstanding aspects and general tendencies of these events in present time as well as their peculiarities and modalities within each specific context.

  1. Inseguridad ciudadana y diferenciación social en el nivel microbarrial: el caso del sector Santo Tomás, Santiago de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandra Lunecke

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available En la periferia de la ciudad de Santiago se observan zonas de viviendas sociales que se caracterizan por una alta concentración de precariedades económicas y materiales, segregación espacial, procesos de debilitamiento del tejido comunitario y altos niveles de inseguridad, esto último por la presencia de grupos vinculados a la criminalidad. En tal contexto, a partir de una investigación realizada en el sector Santo Tomás de la zona sur de Santiago de Chile, se analiza cómo incide en los procesos de debilitamiento del tejido social, la percepción de inseguridad asociada al delito y la violencia, en un medio de pobreza guetizada. Para ello se pone énfasis en las prácticas discursivas de los vecinos, las que dan cuenta de los juicios de valor existentes respecto de "lo peligroso" y "lo desviado". Se discute cómo dichos juicios refuerzan las dinámicas de distinción social existentes en el nivel micro barrial y se alimentan de ellas.

  2. El urbanismo de Santiago de Compostela : un plano con las plazuelas de San Martín y de San Miguel de 1709

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Taín Guzmán

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo está dedicado al estudio de un plano inédito de 1709 donde se representan las plazuelas de San Martín y de San Miguel, en el barrio intramuros de la Puerta de la Peña de Santiago de Compostela. Gracias al referido dibujo, analizo al detalle el entramado urbano de ambos espacios públicos y los edificios que los delimitan, particularmente la iglesia de San Martín Pinario, el desaparecido Palacio del Tribunal de la Santa Inquisición y la iglesia parroquial de San Miguel dos Agros.The article focuses on the study of a 1709 inpublished street plan of two squares —San Martín and San Miguel— in the Puerta de la Peña quarter (Santiago de Compostela. This oíd drawing shows the urban framework of both public spaces and also the buildings around: San Martín Pinario, the lost Palacio del Tribunal de la Santa Inquisición and the paroquial church of San Miguel de los Agros.

  3. Análisis del servicio de asistencia técnica ejecutado por la unidad municipal de asistencia técnica agropecuaria -Umata-, (periodo 1.998-2.007) en el municipio de Florencia, Caquetá

    OpenAIRE

    Lugo Perea, Leyson Jimmy

    2009-01-01

    En este estudio de analiza el servicio de asistencia agropecuaria que ha venido prestando la UMATA, durante el periodo 1998-2007 en Florencia Caquetá. Este ente descentralizado funciona básicamente a través de la ejecución de planes, programas y proyectos urbanos y rurales. Se identificaron y analizaron los planes, programas y proyectos desarrollados durante el periodo de estudio| la inversión y fuentes de financiación y se conocieron la percepción, valoración el...

  4. EDF group - annual report 2003; Groupe EDF - rapport annuel 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-07-01

    This document contains the magazine, the financial statements and the sustainable development report of Electricite de France (EdF) group for 2003: 1 - the magazine (chairman's statement, group profile, vision and strategy); 2 - the consolidated financial statements for the period ended 31 December 2003 (statutory auditors' report on the consolidated financial statements, EDF's summary annual financial statements); 3 - sustainable development report (transparency and dialogue, responsibility, commitment, partnerships for progress). (J.S.)

  5. 15 CFR 2003.3 - [Reserved

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 2003.3 Section 2003.3 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS OF TRADE POLICY STAFF COMMITTEE § 2003.3 [Reserved] ...

  6. Acercamiento a los debates jesuitas en la villa de Santiago de Cali. Un estudio de prensa, 1849-1850

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Abadia Quintero

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar la opinión y controversia creada por la llegada de la Compañía de Jesús a Santiago de Cali, expresa en artículos pu-blicados en los diarios El Sentimiento Democrático y El Ariete. El texto explica cómo la presencia religiosa de los jesuitas sirvió para avivar el conflicto entre los partidos liberal y conservador en 1849 y 1850. La autora contextualiza el problema a partir de las distintas tendencias políticas y el papel de la Orden, que se manifiestan durante el gobierno liberal de José Hilario López. En particular el temor de los sectores liberales respecto de la incidencia de la Compañía en la política, la educación neogranadina y la sociedad en general. Asimismo, el papel y la posición de los conservadores en defensa de los religiosos y respecto de las reformas liberales de la época. Finalmente, se expone cuál fue el papel de los padres de familia respecto de la presencia de los jesuitas y su reclamo en torno a la dirección del Colegio de Santa Librada en Santiago de Calí y la reacción de algunas sociedades democráticas y sectores liberales en la localidad.

  7. Empoderamiento sanitario en entidades laborales de la zona industrial de Santiago de Cuba Health empowerment in working entities of the industrial area of Santiago de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Soraya Victoria Samada Durán

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una intervención comunitaria en los trabajadores de 30 entidades laborales ubicadas en la zona industrial del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, durante el bienio 2009-2010, para establecer el empoderamiento sanitario en ellos. Entre los principales resultados figuró el logro de la capacitación de todos los líderes sindicales y políticos, así como de la brigada de vigilancia y lucha antivectorial, por el contrario de los dirigentes administrativos, de los cuales solo 86,6 % participó en el estudio porque no lo consideraban una responsabilidad inherente a su cargo. Respecto a la situación ambiental, se observó un incremento de los criaderos de Aedes aegypti durante la temporada lluviosa, asociado a una mayor acumulación de agua en los depósitos naturales o artificiales, o ambos; no obstante, hubo un impacto social en el ordenamiento del medio en 9 de estas instituciones a través de la integración de los intereses comunitarios, la planificación en conjunto y la evaluación participativa, que conformó la principal estrategia. Finalmente, se recomendó implementar este proceso de empoderamiento sanitario en el resto de los centros de trabajo de la zona industrial con vistas a prevenir las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos y roedores.A community intervention was performed in workers of 30 entities located in the industrial area of Santiago de Cuba municipality during the biennium 2009 -2010 to establish the health empowerment in them. Among the main results was the training for all union and political leaders and antivectorial surveillance and control brigade, unlike administrative leaders, of whom only 86.6% participated in the study because they considered it was not their responsibility. Regarding the environmental conditions, an increment of Aedes aegypti breeding sites was observed during the rainy season, associated with increased accumulation of water in natural or artificial reservoirs or both. However, there was

  8. Energy Balance of the Sao Paulo State -1998 Base year 1997; Balanco energetico do Estado de Sao Paulo - 1998. Ano base 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-07-01

    This energy balance of the Sao Paulo State presents the following main topics that can be outstanding: panorama of the energy matrix; supply and demand of energy by source 1983-1997; energy consumption by sector 1983/1997; economic aspects; resources and reserves energy; and balance of the transformation centers 1983/1997.

  9. Evolution of air quality in Santiago: The role of mobility and lessons from the science-policy interface

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Gallardo

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Worldwide, urbanization constitutes a major and growing driver of global change and a distinctive feature of the Anthropocene. Thus, urban development paths present opportunities for technological and societal transformations towards energy efficiency and decarbonization, with benefits for both greenhouse gas (GHG and air pollution mitigation. This requires a better understanding of the intertwined dynamics of urban energy and land use, emissions, demographics, governance, and societal and biophysical processes. In this study, we address several characteristics of urbanization in Santiago (33.5°S, 70.5°W, 500 m a.s.l., the capital city of Chile. Specifically, we focus on the multiple links between mobility and air quality, describe the evolution of these two aspects over the past 30 years, and review the role scientific knowledge has played in policy-making. We show evidence of how technological measures (e.g., fuel quality, three-way catalytic converters, diesel particle filters have been successful in decreasing coarse mode aerosol (PM10 concentrations in Santiago despite increasing urbanization (e.g., population, motorization, urban sprawl. However, we also show that such measures will likely be insufficient if behavioral changes do not achieve an increase in the use of public transportation. Our investigation seeks to inform urban development in the Anthropocene, and our results may be useful for other developing countries, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean where more than 80% of the population is urban.

  10. Status report 1993-1997 on solar energy research; Statusbericht 1993-1997 Schwerpunkt `Solarenergieforschung`

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fuhs, W; Lux-Steiner, M; Tributsch, H; Willig, F

    1998-09-01

    Solar energy research at the Berlin Hahn-Meitner-Institut (HMI) comprises the following subjects: (a) Silicon thin film solar cells; (b) High-absorption intermediate semiconductors; (c) Photoelectrochemistry and photocatalysis; (d) Injection-type solar cells; (e) Interdisciplinary projects, accompanying materials research and basic research. The 1993 - 1997 status report presents a detailed outline of the projects. [Deutsch] Im Zentrum der Solarenergieforschung des Hahn-Meitner-Instituts (HMI) stehen die folgenden Vorhaben: (a) Duennschichtsolarzellen aus Silizium; (b) Hochabsorbierende Verbindungsleiter; (c) Photoelectrochemie und Photokatalyse; (d) Injektionssolarzellen; (e) Querschnittsaufgaben, begleitende Material- und Grundlagenforschung. Diese Vorhaben werden von Projekten verschiedener Abteilungen getragen. Der vorliegende Statusbericht 1993-1997 gibt eine detaillierte Uebersicht ueber die oben genannten Projekte. (AKF)

  11. Atmospheric deposition, operational report for air pollution 2003. NOVA 2003; Atmosfaerisk deposition, driftsrapport for Luftforurening i 2003 NOVA 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ellermann, T.; Hertel, O.; Ambelas Skjoeth, C.; Kemp, K.; Monies, C.

    2004-12-01

    This report presents measurements and calculations from the atmospheric part of NOVA 2003 and covers results for 2003. It summarises the main results concerning concentrations and depositions of nitrogen, phosphorous and sulphur compounds related to eutrofication and acidification and selected heavy metals. Depositions of atmospheric compounds to Danish marine waters as well as land surface are presented. The measurements in the monitoring programme are supplemented with model calculations of concentrations and depositions of nitrogen and sulphur compounds to Danish land surfaces as well as marine waters, fjords and bays using the ACDEP model (Atmospheric Chemistry and Deposition). The model is a so-called trajectory model and simulates the physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere using meteorological and emission data input. (BA)

  12. 1997 annual report; Rapport annuel 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-12-31

    This 1997 issue of the annual report of the French Commissariat a l`Energie Atomique (CEA) gives a general overview of the CEA organization, activities, human resources, international relations and communication with some budgetary information. The main activities described concern the national defence, the fuel cycle, the nuclear reactors, the nuclear protection and safety, the advanced technologies, the quasi-particles, the effects of ionizing radiations on humans, the medical imagery, the transfer of technology, the protection and valorization of knowledge, the radioactive wastes and spent fuels management, the training and teaching, the scientific prizes, the committees, councils and commissions. (O.M.)

  13. 1997 annual report; Rapport annuel 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-12-31

    This 1997 issue of the annual report of the French Commissariat a l`Energie Atomique (CEA) gives a general overview of the CEA organization, activities, human resources, international relations and communication with some budgetary information. The main activities described concern the national defence, the fuel cycle, the nuclear reactors, the nuclear protection and safety, the advanced technologies, the quasi-particles, the effects of ionizing radiations on humans, the medical imagery, the transfer of technology, the protection and valorization of knowledge, the radioactive wastes and spent fuels management, the training and teaching, the scientific prizes, the committees, councils and commissions. (O.M.)

  14. The Indigenous World, 1997-98 = El Mundo Indigena, 1997-98.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Erni, Christian, Ed.

    This annual publication (published separately in English and Spanish) examines political, legal, social, environmental, and educational issues concerning indigenous peoples around the world during 1997-98. Part I highlights news events and ongoing situations in specific countries in nine world regions. In the Arctic and North America, these…

  15. Difusión en el periodo de Desarrollo Regional: algunos aspectos de la iconografía Tumaco-Tolita

    OpenAIRE

    Ugalde, María Fernanda

    2014-01-01

    Determinados elementos de la iconografía Tolita-Tumaco se analizan aislados y se comparan y asocian con representaciones de dentro y fuera del estilo. Se parte de la hipótesis de que en el periodo de Desarrollo Regional, varias culturas de los Andes Centrales y Septentrionales comparten elementos de un ideario mitológico-religioso cuyas raíces podrían remontarse al horizonte Chavín. Tales elementos deberían estar presentes y ser reconocibles en las representaciones iconográficas de cada cultu...

  16. Recursos potenciales de santiago de chuco y su aprovechamiento para mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Gill, Ana Teresa

    2011-01-01

    In this research work an assessment of the potential resources of the Andean Peruvian City Santiago de Chuco of the region “La Libertad” to be used for the improvement of the quality of life of the local population has been carried out. The population was characterized according to the data of the 2005 and 2007 national census. By adapting the methodology of the project “Training for Local Economic Development”, CONCADEL (2006) and with the participation in workshops of the local population...

  17. Characterization of fresh Beta vulgaris from Santiago del Estero (Argentina). Nutrient and caroteniod content of stem and leaves

    OpenAIRE

    Costa, Sara Macías de; Montenegro, Mariana A.; Arregui, Teresa; Pinto, M. Inés Sánchez de; Nazareno, Mónica A.; Mishima, Beatriz López de

    2003-01-01

    Se realizaron estudios de caracterización integral de acelga (Beta vulgaris, var. cycla) cultivada en la Provincia de Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Por tratarse de un vegetal de importante consumo regional, se realizó la determinación de sus constituyentes básicos, minerales y pigmentos para conocer los valores nutricionales que aporta este alimento en nuestra región. Se analizaron comparando hoja y tallo: humedad, cenizas, proteínas, grasas, hidratos de carbono utilizables, fibra dietaria ...

  18. Sexual intercourse among adolescents in Santiago, Chile: a study of individual and parenting factors Relaciones sexuales entre adolescentes de Santiago, Chile: un estudio de factores individuales y de crianza

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ninive Sanchez

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To examine a range of individual, parenting, and family factors associated with sexual intercourse among a community sample of youth and their families in Santiago, Chile. METHODS: Data were taken from the Santiago Longitudinal Study conducted in January 2008-November 2009. Participants were 766 youth (mean age = 14.03 years, 51% male from municipalities of low- to mid-socioeconomic status. Variables included emotional and behavioral subscales from the Child Behavior Checklist's Youth Self Report, parental monitoring, family involvement, parental control and autonomy, relationship with each parent, and sexual activity. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the odds of sexual intercourse initiation. RESULTS: Seventy (9.14% youth reported having had sex in their lifetime; the average age of first sexual intercourse among this group was 13.5 years (Standard Deviation [SD] = 1.74 for males and 14.08 (SD = 1.40 for females. Having sex was inversely associated with withdrawn-depressed symptoms (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.84, Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.72-0.97, but positively associated with somatic complaints (OR = 1.20, CI = 1.04-1.38 and rule breaking behavior (OR = 1.21, CI = 1.08-1.36, after adjusting for demographic and other individual and parenting variables. The majority (80% of the youth who had had sex reported using protection at the time of last intercourse. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the role that mental health problems-some of them not commonly associated with onset of sexual activity-may play in a youth's decision to have sex. The potential protective effects of several parenting and family characteristics disappeared with youth age and youth behavioral problems.OBJETIVO: Examinar distintos factores relacionados con el inicio de la actividad sexual que presentan los jóvenes, sus padres y su familia en una muestra de jóvenes y su respectiva familia tomada de la ciudad de Santiago, Chile

  19. GEOPROCESSAMENTO ALGÉBRICO UTILIZADO NA CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTIAGO-RS

    OpenAIRE

    Lueni Gonçalves Terra; Bruna Nascimento de Vasconcellos Schiavo; Willian Fernando de Borba; Manoela Mendes Duarte

    2016-01-01

    O geoprocessamento é uma ferramenta que tem sido utilizada em larga escala em estudos ambientais, pois permite a extração de informações com rapidez e acurácia. Estudos de fragilidade ambiental norteiam meios e condições para que todos os objetivos da conservação ambiental possam ser alcançados de forma harmônica. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar a fragilidade ambiental do município de Santiago-RS, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. Realizou-se um mapeamento temático da declivid...

  20. TRATAMIENTO POR FETOSCOPIA DEL SÍNDROME DE TRANSFUSIÓN FETO FETAL EN CLÍNICA ALEMANA DE SANTIAGO

    OpenAIRE

    Yamamoto C,Masami; Astudillo D,Julio; Pedraza S,Daniel; Muñoz S,Hernán; Insunza F,Álvaro; Fleiderman D,José; Riveros K,Rodrigo

    2009-01-01

    Antecedentes: El síndrome de transfusión feto fetal (STFF) afecta el 15% de los gemelares monocoriales y tiene una mortalidad de 90% cuando se diagnostica antes de las 26 semanas. Objetivo: Evaluar el resultado perinatal mediante fotocoagulación con láser porfetoscopia, de las anastomosis vasculares placentarias en pacientes con STFF. Método: Fotocoagulación láser por fetoscopia de 18 casos de SFF tratados en Clínica Alemana de Santiago entre los años 2005-2008. Resultados: 72,8% de los embar...

  1. Climate Assessment for 1997.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bell, Gerald D.; Halpert, Michael S.

    1998-05-01

    The global climate during 1997 was affected by both extremes of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with weak Pacific cold episode conditions prevailing during January and February, and one of the strongest Pacific warm episodes (El Niño) in the historical record prevailing during the remainder of the year. This warm episode contributed to major regional rainfall and temperature anomalies over large portions of the Tropics and extratropics, which were generally consistent with those observed during past warm episodes. In many regions, these anomalies were opposite to those observed during 1996 and early 1997 in association with Pacific cold episode conditions.Some of the most dramatic El Niño impacts during 1997 were observed in the Tropics, where anomalous convection was evident across the entire Pacific and throughout most major monsoon regions of the world. Tropical regions most affected by excessive El Niño-related rainfall during the year included 1) the eastern half of the tropical Pacific, where extremely heavy rainfall and strong convective activity covered the region from April through December; 2) equatorial eastern Africa, where excessive rainfall during OctoberDecember led to widespread flooding and massive property damage; 3) Chile, where a highly amplified and extended South Pacific jet stream brought increased storminess and above-normal rainfall during the winter and spring; 4) southeastern South America, where these same storms produced above-normal rainfall during JuneDecember; and 5) Ecuador and northern Peru, which began receiving excessive rainfall totals in November and December as deep tropical convection spread eastward across the extreme eastern Pacific.In contrast, El Niño-related rainfall deficits during 1997 included 1) Indonesia, where significantly below-normal rainfall from June through December resulted in extreme drought and contributed to uncontrolled wildfires; 2) New Guinea, where drought contributed to large-scale food

  2. Expectativas y vivencias en la actividad físico-deportiva del peregrino. Un antes y un después en el Camino de Santiago

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Granero Gallegos

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio aborda la figura del peregrino que recorre el Camino de Santiago en la actualidad, teniendo por objeto analizar tanto las expectativas que tiene antes de iniciar el recorrido de cientos de kilómetros, como las vivencias en la actividad físico-deportiva que ha experimentado a lo largo de la ruta. Este itinerario (Patrimonio Mundial de la Humanidad y Primer Itinerario Cultural Europeo vive unos momentos de gran auge a finales del siglo xx y principios del xxi, convirtiéndose en un fenómeno de masas, en una moda, en la que el componente físico y deportivo de su recorrido adquiere cada vez más importancia. La forma de vida en la sociedad postmoderna ha estimulado en las personas el deseo de retornar a la naturaleza, de encontrarse a sí mismos y de experimentar nuevas vivencias. Ahora, las actividades físico-deportivas de aventura en el medio natural, como el senderismo o el cicloturismo, adquieren gran protagonismo como prácticas recreativas de ocio y de nuevas formas de turismo. Para la consecución de los objetivos planteados en este trabajo se opta por una metodología de investigación cuantitativa, utilizando métodos descriptivos, la encuesta como técnica y el cuestionario como instrumento. Son dos las poblaciones objeto de esta investigación. Por un lado, los peregrinos que inician en Roncesvalles (a pie o en bicicleta su recorrido del Camino de Santiago en España y, por otro, los que llegan a Compostela tras su “viaje” jacobeo (a pie o en bicicleta. La recogida de datos se realizó durante el verano de 2003, tanto en Roncesvalles como en Santiago, mediante la aplicación de dos cuestionarios autoadministrados y rellenados en presencia de los investigadores (el trabajo de campo se desarrolló con cuestionarios traducidos a cinco idiomas: español, inglés, francés, alemán e italiano. Como principales conclusiones indicar que los peregrinos recorren el Camino por diversos motivos, combinándose los de

  3. ¿Crisis real o crisis de expectativas?: El empleo en el Perú antes y después de las reformas estructurales

    OpenAIRE

    Jaime Saavedra-Chanduví

    1998-01-01

    En esta investigación se analizan los mecanismos de ajuste del mercado de trabajo entre 1986 y 1997. Luego de una estancamiento del empleo entre 1988 y 1992, periodo recesivo en el cual el mercado de trabajo se ajustó a través de una reducción en los ingresos reales y una menor tasa de participación laboral, a partir de 1993, el empleo empezó a crecer junto con el nivel de actividad económica. El mercado de trabajo fue capaz de absorber el aumento de la oferta de empleo en ese periodo. El aum...

  4. Coal industry annual 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-12-01

    Coal Industry Annual 1997 provides comprehensive information about US coal production, number of mines, prices, productivity, employment, productive capacity, and recoverable reserves. US Coal production for 1997 and previous years is based on the annual survey EIA-7A, Coal Production Report. This report presents data on coal consumption, coal distribution, coal stocks, coal prices, and coal quality for Congress, Federal and State agencies, the coal industry, and the general public. Appendix A contains a compilation of coal statistics for the major coal-producing States. This report includes a national total coal consumption for nonutility power producers that are not in the manufacturing, agriculture, mining, construction, or commercial sectors. 14 figs., 145 tabs.

  5. Coal industry annual 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-12-01

    Coal Industry Annual 1997 provides comprehensive information about US coal production, number of mines, prices, productivity, employment, productive capacity, and recoverable reserves. US Coal production for 1997 and previous years is based on the annual survey EIA-7A, Coal Production Report. This report presents data on coal consumption, coal distribution, coal stocks, coal prices, and coal quality for Congress, Federal and State agencies, the coal industry, and the general public. Appendix A contains a compilation of coal statistics for the major coal-producing States. This report includes a national total coal consumption for nonutility power producers that are not in the manufacturing, agriculture, mining, construction, or commercial sectors. 14 figs., 145 tabs

  6. Death of two slender-billed parakeet (King (Enicognathus leptorhynchus (Aves, Psittacidae by Ascaridia hermaphrodita (Froelich, 1789, Railliet & Henry, 1914 at the National Zoo of Santiago, Chile Morte de dois psitacideos (king Enicognathus leptorhynchus (Aves, Psittacidae por Ascaridia hermaphrodita (Froelich, 1789, Railliet & Henry, 1914 no Zoológico Nacional de Santiago, Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D. González-Acuña

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available No Zoológico Nacional do Parque Metropolitano de Santiago, Chile, foram encontrados dois psitacídeos Enicognathus leptorhynchus, mortos pelo nematódeo Ascaridia hermaphrodita (Froelich, 1789. Este é o primeiro registro desse nematódeo em E. leptorhynchus e também o primeiro registro deste parasito no Chile.

  7. Factores de riesgo socioeconómicos de la tuberculosis pulmonar en el municipio de Santiago de Cuba Social and economic risk factors of the lung tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba municipality

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Luis Lozano Salazar

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles (con 12 integrantes en cada grupo sobre los principales factores de riesgo socioeconómicos de la tuberculosis pulmonar en la población de 15 y más años del municipio de Santiago de Cuba durante el 2005. Las variables de interés analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, escolaridad, ocupación, per cápita familiar, condiciones de la vivienda, hacinamiento, evaluación nutricional, hábito de fumar y alcoholismo. Se determinaron la asociación entre variables cualitativas mediante la prueba estadística de Ji al cuadrado, la fuerza de asociación a través de la razón de productos cruzados y el cálculo de los intervalos de confianza al 95 %, así como el impacto de la exposición por medio del riesgo atribuible porcentual. Los factores de riesgo socioeconómicos asociados causalmente con la tuberculosis pulmonar resultaron ser: el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, la evaluación nutricional con un índice de masa corporal de ≤19,9 y la exposición al tabaco.A case-control study (12 people in each group on main social and economic risk factors of the lung tuberculosis was carried out in the population aged 15 and over of Santiago de Cuba municipality during 2005. The analyzed variables of interest were age, sex, educational status, occupation, family income, and housing conditions, overcrowding, nutritional evaluation, smoking habit and alcoholism. Association among qualitative variables by means of the chi-square test, association strength through the odds ratio and estimate of 95 % confidence intervals were determined, as well as the exposure impact by means of the percentage attributable risk. The social and economic risk factors causally associated with the lung tuberculosis were consumption of alcoholic drinks, nutritional evaluation with a 19,9 body mass index and exposure to the cigar.

  8. Factores de riesgo socioeconómicos de la tuberculosis pulmonar en el municipio de Santiago de Cuba Social and economic risk factors of the lung tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba municipality

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Luis Lozano Salazar

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles (con 12 integrantes en cada grupo sobre los principales factores de riesgo socioeconómicos de la tuberculosis pulmonar en la población de 15 y más años del municipio de Santiago de Cuba durante el 2005. Las variables de interés analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, escolaridad, ocupación, per cápita familiar, condiciones de la vivienda, hacinamiento, evaluación nutricional, hábito de fumar y alcoholismo. Se determinaron la asociación entre variables cualitativas mediante la prueba estadística de Ji al cuadrado, la fuerza de asociación a través de la razón de productos cruzados y el cálculo de los intervalos de confianza al 95 %, así como el impacto de la exposición por medio del riesgo atribuible porcentual. Los factores de riesgo socioeconómicos asociados causalmente con la tuberculosis pulmonar resultaron ser: el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, la evaluación nutricional con un índice de masa corporal de ≤19,9 y la exposición al tabaco.A case-control study (12 people in each group on main social and economic risk factors of the lung tuberculosis was carried out in the population aged 15 and over of Santiago de Cuba municipality during 2005. The analyzed variables of interest were age, sex, educational status, occupation, family income, and housing conditions, overcrowding, nutritional evaluation, smoking habit and alcoholism. Association among qualitative variables by means of the chi-square test, association strength through the odds ratio and estimate of 95 % confidence intervals were determined, as well as the exposure impact by means of the percentage attributable risk. The social and economic risk factors causally associated with the lung tuberculosis were consumption of alcoholic drinks, nutritional evaluation with a 19,9 body mass index and exposure to the cigar.

  9. Screening for prostate cancer in 8 health areas from Santiago de Cuba province

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barrios Lopez, Yusimy; Perera Fernandez, Francisco; Carvajal Beltran, Irma Iris; Perez Rodriguez, Arnoldo

    2012-01-01

    A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 28 917 men over 50 years of age, belonging to 8 health areas of Santiago de Cuba, from November 2007 to July 2010, to determine the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and thus detect prostate cancer hidden morbidity. The test was performed in 18 007 screened individuals, of whom 1 745 had pathological findings, and of them 1 630 were evaluated at the urology department of the selected polyclinic according to the established flow chart. Finally, 125 males were diagnosed with the disease, so that it was confirmed the importance of having a greater dissemination of PSA test, benefits of which allow the family physician to know the health of their patients, and the risk population obtain such assistance annually through the doctor's offices

  10. Santiago de Chile, nueva arquitectura y espacio público. Arquitecturas de fin de crisis. 1999-2004. / Santiago de Chile, new architecture and public space. Architectures at the end of the crisis of 1999-2004.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aránguiz P., Javier

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo trata de un estudio comparado -siempre parcial en estos casos- del estado actual de arquitectura chilena concentrada en la ciudad de Santiago. Su valor estaría en reivindicar lo que denomino común reflexión de ciertos autores entorno a modalidades y gestiones convergentes, superando maneras particulares de hacer y diferentes escalas de intervención. No pretende más que generar, indicar de cierta manera, la conjunción de pensamientos al momento de obrar la arquitectura como objeto urbano. Esta reflexión se realiza en términos de contexto dinámico e inicio de planes operativos, que sin perder las líneas invariantes de analogía y relación a ciertas obras escogidas en este período de tiempo definido, puedan marcar el derrotero de la ciudad de cara a las propuestas de renovación urbana que se avecinan. Para esto utilizaré una escritura, que sin ser texto exhaustivo desde lo académico, se perfila como discurso apriorístico para futuras investigaciones de base objetual y ejercicio crítico. Es un intento también de síntesis de las aportaciones arquitectónicas -en clave de proyectación- refrendadas desde el germen de la economía urbana como matriz ineludible en el concepto de ciudad futura./This article deals with a comparative study of present chilean architecture concentrated in the city of Santiago. It points out the importance of a comprehensive thought process capable of integrating single and unrelated enterprizes to urban systems. This is accomplished by coordinating different scales and functions in order to search for the opportunity to reach a better result in terms of urban morphology and urban functions.

  11. EDF group - annual report 2003; Groupe EDF - rapport annuel 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-07-01

    This document contains the magazine, the financial statements and the sustainable development report of Electricite de France (EdF) group for 2003: 1 - the magazine (chairman's statement, group profile, vision and strategy); 2 - the consolidated financial statements for the period ended 31 December 2003 (statutory auditors' report on the consolidated financial statements, EDF's summary annual financial statements); 3 - sustainable development report (transparency and dialogue, responsibility, commitment, partnerships for progress). (J.S.)

  12. Duración del periodo de lluvias y aptitud de tierras para la agricultura de temporal / Duration of the rain period and land suitability for rainfed agriculture

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Delgado

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available . El concepto duración del periodo de lluvias (DPLL es una propuesta de mejoramiento de otro denominado longitud del periodo de crecimiento (LPC. El objetivo fue realizar un mapa de aptitud para la agricultura de temporal basado en la selección de un modelo de la duración del periodo de lluvias con el índice de humedad. Se utilizaron los datos de 65 estaciones meteorológicas del estado de Yucatán y zonas circundantes. Se analizó la relación entre el resultado del modelo con el mapa de la vegetación potencial. Se encontró que el índice de humedad es mayor cuando proviene del método de Thornthwaite (MT, con el que se obtuvo el mejor modelo cartográco con valor de denición de un mes húmedo cuando es mayor a 0.65. El variograma fue tipo Gaussiano con una r2 = 0.98 y el porcentaje de la varianza explicada C/(C0+C = 74 %. La validación cruzada de la interpolación presentó una r= 0.63 y la raíz cuadrada del error cuadrático medio (RECM = 1.34. Los cinco intervalos de meses húmedos de interés agrícola fue de tres a cuatro meses, de cuatro a cinco meses, de cinco a seis meses, de seis a siete meses, y de siete a ocho meses

  13. Rates of coverage and determinants of complete vaccination of children in rural areas of Burkina Faso (1998-2003).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sia, Drissa; Fournier, Pierre; Kobiané, Jean-François; Sondo, Blaise K

    2009-11-17

    Burkina Faso's immunization program has benefited regularly from national and international support. However, national immunization coverage has been irregular, decreasing from 34.7% in 1993 to 29.3% in 1998, and then increasing to 43.9% in 2003. Undoubtedly, a variety of factors contributed to this pattern. This study aims to identify both individual and systemic factors associated with complete vaccination in 1998 and 2003 and relate them to variations in national and international policies and strategies on vaccination of rural Burkinabé children aged 12-23 months. Data from the 1998 and 2003 Demographic and Health Surveys and the Ministry of Health's 1997 and 2002 Statistical Yearbooks, as well as individual interviews with central and regional decision-makers and with field workers in Burkina's healthcare system, were used to carry out a multilevel study that included 805 children in 1998 and 1,360 children in 2003, aged 12-23 months, spread over 44 and 48 rural health districts respectively. In rural areas, complete vaccination coverage went from 25.9% in 1998 to 41.2% in 2003. District resources had no significant effect on coverage and the impact of education declined over time. The factors that continued to have the greatest impact on coverage rates were poverty, with its various dimensions, and the utilization of other healthcare services. However, these factors do not explain the persistent differences in complete vaccination between districts. In 2003, despite a trend toward district homogenization, differences between health districts still accounted for a 7.4% variance in complete vaccination. Complete vaccination coverage of children is improving in a context of worsening poverty. Education no longer represents an advantage in relation to vaccination. Continuity from prenatal care to institutional delivery creates a loyalty to healthcare services and is the most significant and stable explanatory factor associated with complete vaccination of

  14. [Indoor air pollution in southeast Santiago, Chile].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pino, P; Oyarzún, M; Walter, T; von Baer, D; Romieu, I

    1998-04-01

    Indoor air pollution could play an important role in the susceptibility to respiratory diseases of vulnerable individuals, such as elders and infants. To evaluate indoor air pollution in a low income population of South East Santiago. A domiciliary survey of contaminant sources was carried out in the bouses of a cohort of 522 children less than one year old. Using a case-control design, 121 children consulting for respiratory diseases were considered as cases and 131 healthy infants of the same age and sex were considered as controls. In the houses of both groups, active monitors for particulate matter (PM10) and passive monitors for NO2 were installed. Forty two percent of fathers and 30% of mothers were smokers, and in two thirds of the families there was at least one smoker. Eighty five percent used portable heaters in winter. Of these, 77% used kerosene as fuel. Only 27% had water heating appliances. The rest heated water on the kitchen store or on bonfires. Most kitchen stoves used liquid gas as fuel. Twenty four hour PM10 was 109 +/- 3.2 micrograms/m3. Mean indoor and outdoor NO2 in 24 h was 108 +/- 76.3 and 84 +/- 53.6 micrograms/m3 respectively. Indoor NO2 levels were related to the use of heating devices and smoking. No differences in PM10 and NO2 levels were observed between cases and controls. There is a clear relationship between indoor pollution and contaminating sources. Indoor NO2 levels are higher than outdoors.

  15. IFP - Annual report 2003; IFP - Rapport annuel 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2003-07-01

    The Institute Francais du Petrole (IFP) is an independent industrial research and development, education and training and information center active in the oil, natural gas and automobile industries. IFP strategy is based on a clear vision of the long term evolution of the world energy sector. IFP strategic positioning is thus aimed at taking advantage of the opportunities that arise and making full use of its scientific and technological strengths. This 2003 annual report presents the IFP strategic positioning, facts and figures, highlights of 2003, IFP executive committee, the IFP as a player in sustainable development, the exploration-reservoir engineering, drilling-production, refining-petrochemicals, engines-energy, education and training activities and the IFP Group. (A.L.B.)

  16. [Bibliometric study of Actas Dermo-sifiliográficas (1984-2003) III. Analysis of bibliographic impact factors].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miralles, Julia; Ramos, José M; Ballester, Rosa; Belinchón, Isabel; Sevila, Amparo; Moragón, Manuel

    2005-11-01

    To quantify the impact factor of the journal Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (AD) from 1986 to 1990 and from 1999 to 2003 and to identify the journal's citation pattern in those years. Citations obtained by AD in the periods from 1985-1990 and 1998-2003 for articles published from 1984 to 1989 and from 1997 to 2002 were collected using Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI). The number of times AD was cited doubled during the second period, increasing from 38 (period from 1985-1990) to 76 (period from 1998-2003). Considering the number of citations, AD's impact factor increased from 0.016 in 1986 to 0.040 in 2003. In both periods, citations corresponding to AD articles were included in a wide range of source journals, mainly dermatological publications abroad. The most referred journals in the second period were the Dutch publication Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (13 citations) and the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (12 citations). Unlike the period from 1985 to 1990 when no Spanish journal cited AD, four Spanish publications mentioned AD in the second period: Revista clínica española (6 citations), Archivos de bronconeumología (4 citations), Medicina clínica (3 citations) and the journal Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica (1 citation). Citations mainly corresponded to articles published by Spanish authors (63.2 % in the 1985-1990 period and 81.6 % in the period from 1998 to 2003). Self-citation increased from 10.5 % (first period) to 31.6 % (second period). The impact factor of AD is low and not comparable to other publications included in the Dermatology and Venereal Diseases field from SCI. Our results confirm the low citation rate of AD by source journals in this repertory. However, the increase of this rate in recent years seems to indicate a higher Spanish presence in SCI due to an increasing number of publications corresponding to Spanish authors in international journals and the inclusion of

  17. Prevención del suicidio en adolescentes de un área de salud de Santiago de Cuba Suicide prevention in adolescents in a health area of Santiago de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flavia Rodríguez Almaguer

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación exploratoria en algunos miembros del personal sanitario (una psicóloga y 6 médicos de familia perteneciente al área de salud del Policlínico Universitario "Julián Grimau García" de Santiago de Cuba, de diciembre de 2011 a marzo de 2012, que presentó los índices más elevados de intento de suicidio en la adolescencia durante el 2011, a fin de determinar los problemas existentes en la prevención de ese comportamiento, para lo cual se utilizó la metodología cualitativa, específicamente el diseño de campo y los métodos: observación, entrevista en profundidad y cuestionario. Los resultados evidenciaron una atención psicológica sin adecuados enfoques preventivo y comunitario, irregularidades en la atención por psiquiatría, poca implicación de la familia y desvinculación de la escuela. En general, hubo dificultades en la aplicación del Programa Nacional para la Prevención y Atención de la Conducta Suicida, lo que estuvo unido a la necesidad de aprendizaje sobre el tema y de mayor sensibilización al respecto, así como a la sobrecarga laboral en los profesionales.Exploratory research was conducted in some medical personnel (a psychologist and 6 family doctors belonging to the health area of "Julián Grimau García" University Polyclinic of Santiago de Cuba, from December 2011 to March 2012, which had the highest rates of suicide attempt in the adolescence during 2011, in order to identify problems in the prevention of such behavior, so that the qualitative methodology was used, specifically the field design and methods: observation, interviews in depth and questionnaire. The results showed a psychological treatment without appropriate preventive and community approaches, irregularities in psychiatry care, little family involvement and disengagement from school. Overall, there were difficulties in the implementation of the National Program for the Prevention and Treatment of Suicidal Behavior, which

  18. A first insight on the population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex as studied by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTRs in Santiago, Chile.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Balcells, María Elvira; García, Patricia; Meza, Paulina; Peña, Carlos; Cifuentes, Marcela; Couvin, David; Rastogi, Nalin

    2015-01-01

    Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health problem worldwide, but the ecology of the prevalent mycobacterial strains, and their transmission, can vary depending on country and region. Chile is a country with low incidence of TB, that has a geographically isolated location in relation to the rest of South American countries due to the Andes Mountains, but recent migration from neighboring countries has changed this situation. We aimed to assess the genotypic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains in Santiago, Chile, and compare with reports from other Latin-American countries. We analyzed MTBC isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis cases collected between years 2008 and 2013 in Central Santiago, using two genotyping methods: spoligotyping and 12-loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTRs). Data obtained were analyzed and compared to the SITVIT2 database. Mean age of the patients was 47.5 years and 61% were male; 11.6% were migrants. Of 103 strains (1 isolate/patient) included, there were 56 distinct spoligotype patterns. Of these, 16 strains (15.5%) corresponded to orphan strains in the SITVIT2 database, not previously reported. Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) (34%) and T (33%) lineages were the most prevalent strains, followed by Haarlem lineage (16.5%). Beijing family was scarcely represented with only two cases (1.9%), one of them isolated from a Peruvian migrant. The most frequent clustered spoligotypes were SIT33/LAM3 (10.7%), SIT53/T1 (8.7%), SIT50/H3 (7.8%), and SIT37/T3 (6.8%). We conclude that LAM and T genotypes are the most prevalent genotypes of MTBC in Santiago, Chile, and together correspond to almost two thirds of analyzed strains, which is similar to strain distribution reported from other countries of Latin America. Nevertheless, the high proportion of SIT37/T3, which was rarely found in other Latin American countries, may underline a specific history or

  19. Variabilidad de la abundancia de zooplancton en Bahía Magdalena Baja California Sur, México (1997-2001 Zooplankton abundance variability in Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico (1997-2001

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Hernández-Trujillo

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se analizaron muestras de zooplancton de 16 campañas oceanógraficas, efectuadas en Bahía Magdalena, Baja California Sur, México, entre agosto de 1997 y marzo de 2001. Se identificó un total de 26 grupos taxonómicos, de los cuales los más abundantes y frecuentes fueron copépodos y quetognatos; en 2000-2001 se observó una tendencia a disminuir entre 10 y 20 el número de grupos de zooplancton. La biomasa zooplanctónica y abundancia de copépodos disminuyeron en el periodo de estudio, en contraste con los quetognatos que tuvieron un ligero aumento. Las fluctuaciones de abundancia de zooplancton no estuvieron relacionadas con la concentración de clorofila-α, a diferencia de los máximos de abundancia de zooplancton, que estuvieron asociados a los cambios de la temperatura superficial del mar. El ciclo estacional de la abundancia del zooplancton en Bahía Magdalena, indicó que en invierno el promedió fue mayor de 65.000 ind 100 m-3 , valor que aumentó en primavera a más de 99.000 ind 100 m-3 , se mantuvo en verano alrededor de 100.000 ind 100 m-3 y en otoño descendió rápidamente a casi 40.000 ind 100 m-3.Zooplankton were studied from 16 oceanographic surveys carried out in Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico, between August 1997 and March 2001. Twenty-six taxonomic groups were identified, the most abundant and frequent of which were copepods and chaetognaths. In 2000-2001, the number of zooplankton groups tended to decrease by 10 to 20. Both zooplankton biomass and copepod abundance declined, unlike chaetognaths, which increased slightly. Fluctuations in zooplankton abundance were independent of the chlorophyll-a concentration, whereas the maximum zooplankton abundances were associated with changes in the sea surface temperature. The seasonal zooplankton abundance cycle in Magdalena Bay indicated that, in winter, the averaged was than 65,000 ind 100 m-3 , a value that increased to more than 99,000 ind 100 m-3 in spring

  20. READ Perspectives 1997.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Porter, Rosalie Pedalino, Ed.; Thomsen, Kerri Lynne, Ed.; Kimbrell, William, W., Ed.

    1997-01-01

    This document comprises the two 1997 issues of the journal. Articles include the following: "The Importance of Learning English: A National Survey of Hispanic Parents" (Michael La Velle); "The Languages of Immigrants" (Charles L. Glenn); "Follow-Up Study on the Bethlehem, PA School District's English Acquisition…

  1. DESY. Scientific annual report 2003; DESY. Wissenschaftlicher Jahresbericht 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-07-01

    In the following the main progresses at DESY in the fields accelerator development, elementary-particle physics, research with photons and particle astrophysics, as well as the accelerator development are briefly presented. More detailed descriptions of the events and important developments of the year 2003 are found in the following chapters of the present annual report. [German] Im Folgenden werden die wesentlichen Fortschritte bei DESY auf den Gebieten Beschleunigerentwicklung, Elementarteilchenphysik, Forschung mit Photonen und Astroteilchenphysik sowie der Beschleunigerentwicklung kurz dargestellt. Detailliertere Ausfuehrungen der Ereignisse und wichtige Entwicklungen des Jahres 2003 finden sich in den folgenden Kapiteln des vorliegenden Jahresberichts. (orig.)

  2. ¿Ciudad sin ciudadanos? Fragmentación, segregación y temor en Santiago

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucía Dammert

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available La imagen de la ciudad como espacio de interacción y celebración de las diferencias está siendo amenazada en Santiago. Visiones alternativas la muestran como espacio de conflicto, desorden e inseguridad, donde la diferencia se convierte en un elemento peligroso que requiere ser excluido o segregado. De esta manera se desarrolla una ciudad sin ciudadanos, es decir, una no-ciudad, que sirve como espacio de movimiento pero no de interacción. El objetivo de este artículo es empezar a analizar esta problemática desde uno de sus elementos: la sensación de inseguridad. El resultado plantea interrogantes sobre la ciudad que se está construyendo y sus posibles consecuencias.

  3. Statistics 2003 - in nuclear medicine; Isotopstatistik 2003 - foer nukleaermedicinsk verksamhet

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Joensson, Helene; Richter, Sven

    2004-12-01

    In this compilation the use of radioactive substances in therapies and in vivo examinations during 2003 at all hospitals in Sweden is presented. For each nuclide, examination type, chemical form, way of administration, number of reporters, total number of examinations, mean activity used, and minimum and maximum activity is presented. Of the compilation it becomes known that during 2003 approximately 103,000 examinations and 3,300 therapies were performed. The total dose to the population from diagnostic procedures was 452 manSv.

  4. OCRWM annual report to Congress, fiscal year 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-07-01

    This report presents the progress in the activities of the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. Chapters include: Yucca Mountain site characterization project; Waste acceptance, storage and transportation project; Program management; Working with external parties; and Financial management. Also included in five appendices are: financial statements; key federal laws and regulations; fiscal year 1997 Congressional testimony and meetings with regulators and oversight bodies; OCREM publications for fiscal year 1997; and selected publications from other organizations during fiscal year 1997.

  5. OCRWM annual report to Congress, fiscal year 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-07-01

    This report presents the progress in the activities of the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. Chapters include: Yucca Mountain site characterization project; Waste acceptance, storage and transportation project; Program management; Working with external parties; and Financial management. Also included in five appendices are: financial statements; key federal laws and regulations; fiscal year 1997 Congressional testimony and meetings with regulators and oversight bodies; OCREM publications for fiscal year 1997; and selected publications from other organizations during fiscal year 1997

  6. Quarterly coal report, July--September 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-02-01

    The Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) provides comprehensive information about US coal production, distribution, exports, imports, receipts, prices, consumption, and stocks. Coke production consumption, distribution, imports, and exports data are also provided. This report presents detailed quarterly data for July through September 1997 and aggregated quarterly historical data for 1991 through the second quarter of 1997. Appendix A displays, from 1991 on, detailed quarterly historical coal imports data. 72 tabs.

  7. Periodo reproductivo y talla de madurez masiva del camarón de roca Sicyonia penicillata (Decapoda: Sicyoniidae en Bahía Kino, Sonora, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. López-Martínez

    1999-06-01

    Full Text Available Se estudia el periodo reproductivo del camarón de roca Sicyonia penicillata en el área de Bahía Kino, Sonora, de enero a diciembre de 1996 mediante muestreos quincenales efectuados a bordo de embarcaciones de la flota camaronera comercial y un crucero de investigación durante julio. La actividad reproductiva de la especie inicia a partir de los 25 mm de longitud abdominal, pero la talla de madurez sexual masiva de la especie se ubicó en 55 mm de longitud abdominal. Se encontraron organismos maduros todo el año, pero el patrón de reclutamiento indica que existe un periodo reproductivo masivo de agosto a enero; un segundo periodo, menos intenso ocurre en marzo y abril. Estos resultados son coincidentes para los meses en los que se cuenta con datos de madurez gonádica. Se postula la idea de un posible patrón de migración de juveniles hacia áreas someras de Bahía Kino.The reproductive pattern of the rock shrimp (Sicyonia penicillata was studied from January through December (1996 by sampling from boats twice a month (commercial shrimp fleet and one research cruise. Reproductive activity begins at 25 mm of tail length, but massive maturity or critical size is 55 mm of tail length. Mature organisms were found year round, but recruitment pattern analysis indicates that massive reproduction is from August through January; a second, less intense reproductive peak, occurs in March-April. Results are coincident with the gonadical maturity analysis. A migration pattern of juveniles towards shallow areas of Bahía Kino is suggested.

  8. Fiscal year 1997-1998 waste information requirements document

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poppiti, J.A.

    1997-01-01

    The Waste Information Requirements Document describes the activities of the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) Characterization Project that provide characterization information on Hanford Site waste tanks. The characterization information is required to perform operations and meet the commitments of TWRS end users. These commitments are derived from the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order, also known as the Tri-Party Agreement; the Recommendation 93-5 Implementation Plan to the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB); and other directives as listed in Section 4.0. This Waste Information Requirement Document applies to Fiscal Years 1997 and 1998 activities. Its contents are based on the best information available in August 1997. The format and content are based on the directions of DOE-RL (Sieracki, 1997) and Fluor Daniel Hanford Incorporated (Umek, 1997). Activities, such as the revision of the Tank Characterization Technical Sampling Basis (Brown et al. 1997), the revision of the data quality objectives (DQOs), issue closures, discussions with Ecology, and management decisions may cause subsequent updates to the Waste Information Requirements Document

  9. School intervention to improve mental health of students in Santiago, Chile: a randomized clinical trial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Araya, Ricardo; Fritsch, Rosemarie; Spears, Melissa; Rojas, Graciela; Martinez, Vania; Barroilhet, Sergio; Vöhringer, Paul; Gunnell, David; Stallard, Paul; Guajardo, Viviana; Gaete, Jorge; Noble, Sian; Montgomery, Alan A

    2013-11-01

    Depression can have devastating effects unless prevented or treated early and effectively. Schools offer an excellent opportunity to intervene with adolescents presenting emotional problems. There are very few universal school-based depression interventions conducted in low- and middle-income countries. To assess the effectiveness of a school-based, universal psychological intervention to reduce depressive symptoms among adolescents from low-income families. A 2-arm, parallel, cluster, randomized clinical trial was conducted in secondary schools in deprived socioeconomic areas of Santiago, Chile. Almost all students registered in the selected schools consented to take part in the study. A total of 2512 secondary school students from 22 schools and 66 classes participated. Students in the intervention arm attended 11 one-hour weekly and 2 booster classroom sessions of an intervention based on cognitive-behavioral models. The intervention was delivered by trained nonspecialists. Schools in the control arm received the standard school curriculum. Scores on the self-administered Beck Depression Inventory-II at 3 months (primary) and 12 months (secondary) after completing the intervention. There were 1291 participants in the control arm and 1221 in the intervention arm. Primary outcome data were available for 82.1% of the participants. There was no evidence of any clinically important difference in mean depression scores between the groups (adjusted difference in mean, -0.19; 95% CI, -1.22 to 0.84) or for any of the other outcomes 3 months after completion of the intervention. No significant differences were found in any of the outcomes at 12 months. A well-designed and implemented school-based intervention did not reduce depressive symptoms among socioeconomically deprived adolescents in Santiago, Chile. There is growing evidence that universal school interventions may not be sufficiently effective to reduce or prevent depressive symptoms. isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN

  10. Uranium and plutonium in anoxic marine sediments of the Santiago River mouth (Eastern Pacific, Mexico).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Almazán-Torres, María Guadalupe; Ordóñez-Regil, Eduardo; Ruiz-Fernández, Ana Carolina

    2016-11-01

    The uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) content with depth in a sediment core collected in the continental shelf off the mouth of the Santiago River in the Mexican Pacific was studied to evaluate the contamination effects of the effluent of the Santiago-Lerma River as it moves into the sea. The large mass of terrestrial detritus delivered by the river influences the physicochemical and geochemical processes in the seafloor. Abnormal concentrations of U and Pu in sediments were examined as indicative of the effects of anoxic conditions. One of the indicators of pollution of seawater is the bacterial activity of the shallow seabed layer; and among the prevailing bacteria, the magnetotactic ones induce the formation of euhedral and framboidal shapes (pyrite). These pyrite entities are by-products of anoxic environments loaded with decomposing detrital material and are very abundant in the surface layers of the sediment core analyzed. The pyrite formation is the result of a biochemical reaction between iron and organic sulphur reduced by bacteria, and the pyrite entities precipitate to the seafloor. In the same upper zone of the profile, 238 U is readily immobilized, while 234 U is oxidized and dissolved in seawater by the effect of hot atom chemistry. This may cause the activity ratio (AR) 234 U/ 238 U disequilibrium (near 0.41). Furthermore, in the shallow layer of the sediment core, an abnormally high concentration of 239+240 Pu was detected. In this upper layer, the activity concentrations found were 3.19 Bq kg -1 for 238 U, 1.32 kg -1 for 234 U and 2.78 Bq kg -1 for 239+240 Pu. In the lower fractions of the sediment core, normal values of AR 234 U/ 238 U (≈1) were found, with traces of 239+240 Pu. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Hydropower annual report 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cada, Glenn F. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Carlson, Thomas J. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Dauble, Dennis D. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Hunt, Richard T. [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States). Idaho National Engineering Lab. (INEL); Sale, Michael J. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Sommers, Garold L. [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States). Idaho National Engineering Lab. (INEL)

    2004-02-01

    This report describes hydropower activities supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Wind and Hydropower Program during Fiscal Year 2003 (October 1, 2002 to September 30, 2003). Background on the program, FY03 accomplishments, and future plans are presented in the following sections.

  12. Detecting depression among adolescents in Santiago, Chile: sex differences.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Araya, Ricardo; Montero-Marin, Jesus; Barroilhet, Sergio; Fritsch, Rosemarie; Gaete, Jorge; Montgomery, Alan

    2013-04-23

    Depression among adolescents is common but most cases go undetected. Brief questionnaires offer an opportunity to identify probable cases but properly validated cut-off points are often unavailable, especially in non-western countries. Sex differences in the prevalence of depression become marked in adolescence and this needs to be accounted when establishing cut-off points. This study involved adolescents attending secondary state schools in Santiago, Chile. We compared the self-reported Beck Depression Inventory-II with a psychiatric interview to ascertain diagnosis. General psychometric features were estimated before establishing the criterion validity of the BDI-II. The BDI-II showed good psychometric properties with good internal consistency, a clear unidimensional factorial structure, and good capacity to discriminate between cases and non-cases of depression. Optimal cut-off points to establish caseness for depression were much higher for girls than boys. Sex discrepancies were primarily explained by differences in scores among those with depression rather than among those without depression. It is essential to validate scales with the populations intended to be used with. Sex differences are often ignored when applying cut-off points, leading to substantial misclassification. Early detection of depression is essential if we think that early intervention is a clinically important goal.

  13. Pooled analysis of case-control studies on acoustic neuroma diagnosed 1997-2003 and 2007-2009 and use of mobile and cordless phones.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hardell, Lennart; Carlberg, Michael; Söderqvist, Fredrik; Mild, Kjell Hansson

    2013-10-01

    We previously conducted a case-control study of acoustic neuroma. Subjects of both genders aged 20-80 years, diagnosed during 1997-2003 in parts of Sweden, were included, and the results were published. We have since made a further study for the time period 2007-2009 including both men and women aged 18-75 years selected from throughout the country. These new results for acoustic neuroma have not been published to date. Similar methods were used for both study periods. In each, one population-based control, matched on gender and age (within five years), was identified from the Swedish Population Registry. Exposures were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire supplemented by a phone interview. Since the number of acoustic neuroma cases in the new study was low we now present pooled results from both study periods based on 316 participating cases and 3,530 controls. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed, adjusting for age, gender, year of diagnosis and socio-economic index (SEI). Use of mobile phones of the analogue type gave odds ratio (OR) = 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.0-4.3, increasing with >20 years latency (time since first exposure) to OR = 7.7, 95% CI = 2.8-21. Digital 2G mobile phone use gave OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.1, increasing with latency >15 years to an OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 0.8-4.2. The results for cordless phone use were OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.1, and, for latency of >20 years, OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 1.7-26. Digital type wireless phones (2G and 3G mobile phones and cordless phones) gave OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.0 increasing to OR = 8.1, 95% CI = 2.0-32 with latency >20 years. For total wireless phone use, the highest risk was calculated for the longest latency time >20 years: OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 2.2-9.0. Several of the calculations in the long latency category were based on low numbers of exposed cases. Ipsilateral use resulted in a higher risk than contralateral for both mobile and cordless phones. OR increased per 100 h

  14. COMPREHENSIVE AND STRATEGIC PROFILE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ON THE BASIS OCCUPATIONAL SKILLS TRANSTUR S.A. SANTIAGO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marianela Bermejo-Salmón

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The essential purpose of this work is the design and application of the profile integrative and strategies of the performance evaluation based in labours competitions for the tetchiness A in the rent cars Transtur of Santiago de Cuba. For it were applied several methods and tetchiness such as: delphi method , holistic and integrated focus, experts judment, ishikawa diagram, surveys, acting observation, command tableriou, and technical computational among others. The achieved results allow to evaluate and characterizer of the profile evaluation performance from an approach integrative and strategies that is sustained in a theoretical conception- methodological and practice possibility the perfection of he Capital Humans of Gestation in the Branch. 

  15. Prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in an indigenous community in Santiago Atitlán, Guatemala

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Chen

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Objective To describe the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD risk factors and assess knowledge of those risk factors in the indigenous community of Santiago Atitlán in Guatemala, a lower-middle income country. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using a modified version of the World Health Organization’s STEPS protocol. Adults aged 20–65 years were surveyed regarding demographics and NCD risk factors, and the survey was followed by anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Results Out of 501 screened individuals, 350 respondents were enrolled. The mean age was 36.7 years, and 72.3% were women. Over 90% reported earning less than US$ 65 per month. Almost 80% were stunted. Among women, 37.3% were obese and over three-quarters had central obesity. Over three-quarters of the entire group had dyslipidemia and 18.3% had hypertension, but only 3.0% had diabetes. Overall, 36.0% of participants met criteria for metabolic syndrome. There was no significant association between participants’ education and NCD risk factors except for an inverse association with obesity by percent body fat. Conclusions Santiago Atitlán is a rural, indigenous Guatemalan community with high rates of poverty and stunting coexisting alongside high rates of obesity, particularly among women. Additionally, high rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia were found, but a low rate of diabetes mellitus. Knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors was low, suggesting that educational interventions may be a high-yield, low-cost approach to combating NCDs in this community.

  16. De verkeersonveiligheid in Nederland tot en met 1997 : analyse van aard, omvang en ontwikkelingen in de periode 1985-1997.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Davidse, R.J. (red.)

    1999-01-01

    This report presents an analysis of the general developments in road safety in The Netherlands, with a special focus on the year 1997. During 1997, for the first time since 1991, the number of road deaths decreased slightly. This positive development did not apply to the numbers of in-patients.

  17. Plan verde: un instrumento para la gestión y fomento de áreas verdes en el gran Santiago

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudio Nilo Orellana

    2003-09-01

    Full Text Available La ciudad de Santiago, cuenta con una importante falencia de espacios verdes. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS recomienda que las ciudades tengan 9 metros cuadrados por habitante. Por su parte, el Plan de Prevención y Descontaminación para la Región Metropolitana (PPDA se ha propuesto como meta lograr que el área Metropolitana logre un promedio de 6 metros cuadrados por habitante.

  18. Nūdo shashin: la construcción del desnudo femenino en la fotografía del periodo Meiji

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Ibarí Ortega

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available En este texto examinaré los retratos fotográficos de desnudos femeninos de la colección privada de Ishiguro Keishō, producidos en Japón durante el periodo Meiji (1868-1912, para analizar la forma en que se visualizó el cuerpo femenino bajo los discursos modernos producidos en torno a la sexualidad, la re-significación de lo erótico y la distinción de género, durante el complejo proceso de modernización que se generó en Japón durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.

  19. Brazilian energy balance 2004: calendar year 2003

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-01-01

    This report shows the energy flows of different primary and secondary sources, from the production to the final consumption in all the sectors of the Brazilian economy, for the calendar year 2003. It is divided into nine sections: a summary from 1970 to 2003; energy supply and demand by source, from 1988 to 2003; energy consumption by sector from 1988 to 2003; energy foreign trading also from 1988 to 2003; transformation centers balances in the same period; energy resources and reserves from 1973 to 2003; energy and socio-economy from 1988 to 2003; regional parameters, and appendices including installed capacity, international data, general structure of the balance, information processing, conversion units and consolidated energy balances. It also presents analytical texts on the main energy numbers for 2003 and also energy evolution in Brazil and energy expansion all over the world

  20. Fricción de la distancia, autocorrelación espacial de la productividad e impacto de la longitud por carretera en la dinámica de convergencia de la región de México (1993-2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Valdivia López

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Con base en diferentes especificaciones de la fricción de la distancia, en este documento se analiza, para los municipios de la región Centro de México, la autocorrelación espacial de la productividad del trabajo, en general, y de los procesos de convergencia regional, en particular, para el periodo 1993-2003. Se aclara que en los estudios regionales, la fricción de la distancia se ha incorporado tradicionalmente dentro del marco de los modelos gravitacionales, pero en este trabajo se propone que la fricción de la distancia también puede ser estudiada a través de indicadores estadísticos de asociación espacial, como el índice de Moran. En el ensayo se plantea que la forma específica de la función que caracteriza la fricción de la distancia, condiciona los resultados de dependencia espacial económica. Para verificarlo, se toman como casos de estudio a la región centro de México y el estado de Morelos, y se demuestra que la dependencia espacial en la productividad del trabajo tiene mayor significancia estadística cuando se utiliza la distancia real en carretera entre las unidades de observación –o fricción de la distancia– que cuando se consideran distancias lineales entre centroides o bajo criterios de vecindad espacial. El ensayo concluye que el proceso de convergencia regional en el centro del país durante el periodo 1993-2003, fue condicionado –en parte– por efectos espaciales asociados a la distancia por carretera entre las localidades de la región Centro. Estos resultados pueden ser relevantes para los estudios de convergencia regional, al proponer un criterio de interacción espacial que responde de mejor forma a las condiciones territoriales específicas que afectan los determinantes de crecimiento de las economías regionales, como son los costos de transporte y/o las economías de aglomeración.