Science.gov (United States)

We propose a simultaneous quantum secure direct communication scheme between one party and other three parties via four-particle GHZ states and swapping quantum entanglement. In the scheme, three spatially separated senders, Alice, Bob and Charlie, transmit their secret messages to a remote receiver Diana by performing a series of local operations on their respective particles according to the quadripartite stipulation. From Alice, Bob, Charlie and Diana's Bell measurement results, Diana can infer the secret messages. If a perfect quantum channel is used, the secret messages are faithfully transmitted from Alice, Bob and Charlie to Diana via initially shared pairs of four-particle GHZ states without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. As there is no transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message in the public channel, it is completely secure for the direct secret ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is shown that calculation of the anomalous expectation values for the massless Gross-Neveu model in the Hartree-Fock approximation indicates the presence of an ordinary chiral phase transition if the coupling constant has the normal sign (g > 0) and of a different transition of the superconductivity type if g < 0.

Science.gov (United States)

Renal arteriovenous fistula or pseudoaneurysms developing after invasive procedures are either asymptomatic or show only transient symptoms. We describe here a case of symptomatic renal artery pseudoaneurysm that presented with gross hematuria and azotemia. The pseudoaneurysm of renal artery was diagnosed by ultrasonography and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and it was successfully treated by percutaneous transcatheter coil embolization. A high index of suspicion is essential for the early diagnosis and treatment of delayed gross hematuria in patients with history of percutaneous nephrostomy. PMID:17180737

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A simple heuristic calculation is given for the rate of nucleation of black holes at positive temperature. This calculation is based on the classical theory of nucleation and reproduces the result of Gross, Perry, and Yaffe.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To assess the clinical and pathologic features of each type of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, which is divided into three types according to gross appearance, and to determine the efficacy of CT in detecting this tumor. The pathologic and CT features of 53 surgically proven cases of intrahepatic cholangio-carcinoma were reviewed. On the basis of their gross appearance, the tumors were divided into three types, as follows : mass forming (n=33), periductal infiltrating (n=6), and intraductal growth type (n=14). CT scans were analyzed for sensitivity of detection and correlation between a tumors appearance and its histopathology. The most common histopathologic feature of mass forming and periductal infiltrating type was tubular adenocarcinoma, while in the intraductal growth type, papillary adenocarcinoma (100%) was common. With regard to pattern of tumor spread, intrahepatic and lymph node metastasis were more common in the mass forming and ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Most mammals possess stamina because their locomotor and respiratory (i.e., ventilatory) systems are mechanically coupled. These systems are decoupled, however, in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Environmental surveys to provide base-line data for assessing the potential impact of the operation of Wolseong NPP on marine ecosystems were performed at 3-month intervals in 1981. Physico-chemical properties of seawater and gross beta activities in seaw...

Science.gov (United States)

Information security involves many branches of effort, including information assurance, host level security, physical security, and network security. Computer network security methods and implementations are given a top-down description to permit a medically focused audience to anchor this information to their daily practice. The depth of detail of network functionality and security measures, like that of the study of human anatomy, can be highly involved. Presented at the level of major gross anatomical systems, this paper will focus on network backbone implementation and perimeter defenses, then diagnostic tools, and finally the user practices (the human element). Physical security measures, though significant, have been defined as beyond the scope of this presentation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Forty resected cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were classified into four types according to the gross appearance; type I: mass forming type (n=8), type II: mass forming with periductal infiltrating type (n=20), type III: periductal infiltrating type (n=9) and type IV: intraductal growth type (n=3). Diagnostic features of these four types were studied. Peripheral enhancement was a common angiographic feature and tumor stains were recognized in 88%, 20%, 0%, 33%, respectively. Angiography and dynamic computed tomography (D-CT) were useful in differential diagnosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. Accuracy rate in diagnosis of portal vein involvement by angiography and D-CT was 82% and 91%, respectively. MRI was more useful in tumor detection than D-CT in cases with attenuation difference, in 55% of type II and in 75% of type III. Increase of arterial involvement, biliary tract involvement and portal vein involvement, incidence of lymph nodes metastases became ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have computed the next-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the Gross-Llewellyn Smith sum rule for deep inelastic neutrino-nucleon scattering and to the Bjorken sum rule for polarized electron-nucleon scattering. This involved the proper treatment of #gamma#_5 inside the loop integrals within dimensional regularization. We find that the difference between the two sum rules are entirely due to a class of six three-loop graphs and is of the order of 1% of the leading QCD term (O(#alpha#_s)). Hence the Q"2 behavior of both sum rules should be nearly the same if the physics is described adequately by the lower order terms of perturbative QCD. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A Gross Decontamination Experiment was conducted on various levels and surfaces of the TMI - Unit 2 reactor building in March 1982. The polar crane, D-rings, missile shields, refueling canals, refueling bridges, equipment, and elevations 305' and 347'-6'' were flushed with low pressure water. Additionally, floor surfaces on elevation 305' and floor surfaces and major pieces of equipment on elevation 347'-6'' were sprayed with high pressure water. Selective surfaces were decontaminated with a mechanical scrubber and chemicals. Strippable coating was tested and evaluated on equipment and floor surfaces. The effectiveness, efficiency, and safety of several decontamination techniques were established for the large, complex decontamination effort. Various decontamination equipment was evaluated and its effectiveness was documented. Decontamination training and procedures were documented and evaluated, as were the support system and organization for the experiment.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In December 1980, Guenther Rochelt from Munich (FRG) managed the first flight in a solar aircraft. Energy was supplied by 2,500 solar cells with a rated power of 2.2 kW. Self-starting and flying were made possible by a special aircraft construction with an electromotor with a gross power of 1.8 and a rated voltage of 88 V.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The CO{sub 2} emissions can be reduced by using economic instruments, like carbon tax. This project included two specific questions related to CO{sub 2} taxation. First one was the economic effects of increasing CO{sub 2} tax and decreasing other taxes. Second was the economic adjustment costs of reducing net emissions instead of gross emissions. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model was used in this analysis. The study was taken place in Helsinki School of Economics

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Indicators of source water use in different economic branches, water consumption in recycling and recycling-successive water supply in 1980?2006 are analyzed. Trends were identified in variations in specific water consumption in industry, agriculture, and municipal economy. Territorial differentiation of wetness indicators of regional product over federal districts and constituent territories of the RF is shown. Wetness values of gross domestic product in different economies are compared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Relationships of ultimate and proximate analysis of 4540 US coal samples from 25 states with gross calorific value (GCV) have been investigated by regression and artificial neural networks (ANNs) methods. Three set of inputs: (a) volatile matter, ash and moisture (b) C, H, N, O, S and ash (c) C, H{sub exclusive} {sub of} {sub moisture}, N, O{sub exclusive} {sub of} {sub moisture}, S, moisture and ash were used for the prediction of GCV by regression and ANNs. The multivariable regression studies have shown that the model (c) is the most suitable estimator of GCV. Running of the best arranged ANNs structures for the models (a) to (c) and assessment of errors have shown that the ANNs are not better or much different from regression, as a common and understood technique, in the prediction of uncomplicated relationships between proximate and ultimate analysis and coal GCV. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

The purpose of this study is to develop projects and actions that will reduce facilities energy consumption and operating costs at Fort Hunter Liggett. Implementation of these projects will contribute to achieving the goal of the Army Facilities Energy Plan of a reduction in energy consumption per square foot of building floor area of 20 percent by FY2OOO from FY1985 baseline levels, There are 205 numbered structures at Fort Hunter Liggett, containing a total of 791,034 square feet of gross floor space. This United Energy Study evaluates 52 surveyed buildings with results extended to an additional 44 identical or similar buildings. Together, these buildings contain a total of 632,386 gross square feet and account for approximately 93 percent of overall energy usage. Present Energy Consumption Total energy consumption at Fort Hunter Ligett in FY 1992 of non-transportation energy sources was 79,728 million Btu. This figure includes electricity at ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gross electricity production in 1993 in the OECD (including generation from pumped storage plants) was 7 466 TWh, a rise of 1.2 per cent from the level of gross production in 1992 (Tables 1 and 3). Nuclear plants accounted for 24.2 per cent of total gross electricity production in 1993, hydroelectric plants 16.7 per cent, total thermal plants 58.7 per cent and geothermal and other renewables 0.4 per cent. In 1992 total OECD heat production that is sold to third parties by public producers was 25 Mtoe (Table 6). About 86 per cent of this heat (21.6 Mtoe) was produced in CHP plants, about 12 per cent (3.1 Mtoe) in heat plants, and the remainder (0.3 Mtoe) in nuclear power plants (in Canada and Switzerland only). Based on preliminary data, apparent consumption of electricity (gross production plus imports less exports) in 1993 in OECD was 7 474 TWh. The corresponding figure for 1992 was 7 379 TWh, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A process has been developed that exploits the characteristics of microwave heating for the vitrification of high-level radioactive liquid waste. This process, microwave vitrification, has been successfully operated at pilot plant scale in an active cell using simulated liquid waste containing several curies of radioactivity. Excellent decontamination factors have been achieved for both volatiles and nonvolatiles with an average ruthenium decontamination factor of 490 and a gross alpha emitter decontamination factor of 100,000. Almost all the radioactivity is incorporated in a glass block.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

When completed, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL) National Ignition Facility (NIF) will be the world's largest laser with experimental capabilities applicable to stockpile stewardship, energy research, science and astrophysics. As construction of the conventional facilities nears completion, operations supporting the installation of specialized laser equipment have come online. Playing a critical role in the precision cleaning of mechanical parts from the NIF beamline are three pieces of aqueous cleaning equipment. Housed in the Optics Assembly Building (OAB), adjacent to NIF's laser bay, are the large mechanical parts gross cleaner (LMPGC), the large mechanical parts precision cleaner (LMPPC), and the small mechanical parts gross and precision cleaner (SMPGPC). These aqueous units, designed and built by Sonic Systems, Inc., of Newtown, Pennsylvania, not only accommodate parts that vary greatly in size, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This Final Environmental Impact Statement and Environmental Impact Report (Final EIS/EIR) has been prepared to meet the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The Proposed Action includes the construction, operation, and decommissioning of a 48 megawatt (gross) geothermal power plant with ancillary facilities (10-12 production well pads and 3-5 injection well pads, production and injection pipelines), access roads, and a 230-kilovolt (kV) transmission line in the Modoc National Forest in Siskiyou County, California. Alternative locations for the power plant site within a reasonable distance of the middle of the wellfield were determined to be technically feasible. Three power plant site alternatives are evaluated in the Final EIS/EIR.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Olfactory memory dysfunctions were investigated in the triple-transgenic murine model of Alzheimer's disease (3x Tg-AD). In the social transmission of food preference test, 3x Tg-AD mice presented severe deficits in odor-based memory, without gross changes in general odor-ability. Ab and tau immunoreactivity was not observed in the primary processing regions for odor, the olfactory bulbs (OBs), whereas marked immunostaining was present in the piriform, entorhinal, and orbitofrontal cortex, as well as in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that the impairment in olfactory-based information processing might arise from degenerative mechanisms mostly affecting higher cortical regions and limbic areas, such as the hippocampus.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This bill was introduced into the US House of Representatives on June 7, 1991 to provide for the designation of Wetlands Stewardship Trusts. This legislation amended the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to establish special rules for contributions of wetlands and riparian lands to Wetlands Stewardship Trusts. Key features of the bill address the following: tax treatment of donations of wetlands and riparian lands to Wetlands Stewardship Trusts; amortization of expenditures to restore wetlands and riparian lands; expenditures for restoring wetlands and riparian lands; exclusion from gross income for amounts received from compatible uses of wetlands or riparian lands; and income from compatible uses of wetlands or riparian lands.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lupinus albus L. plants were grown from seeds and irradiated at various stages of development with acute or chronic gamma rays. All plants were greenhouse grown (pre- and post-irradiation) and allowed to proceed through their normal growth cycle. The purpose of these experiments was to establish a Plactochron Index for Lupinus albus L. and to determine the effects of acute and chronic irradiation on development at the macro and microscopic levels. A Plastochron Index was calculated and used as an indirect time scale to evaluate the effects of gamma rays from a common base line. Acute radiation treatment lasted for a period of a few days, whereas chronic treatment was initiated at the seedling stage and lasted for the entire growth season. Vegetative plants were used to study the effects of acute radiation exposure on apical meristem morphology, Plastochron Index, phyllatoxis and gross morphology.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Hereditary primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) may develop as a solitary endocrinopathy (FIHP) or as part of multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 1, multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 2A, or hereditary HPT-jaw tumor syndrome. Inactivating germline mutations of the tumor suppressor gene CDC73 account for 14 and 50% of all FIHP and HPT-JT patients, respectively, and have also been found in almost 20% of apparently sporadic parathyroid carcinoma patients. Although more than 60 independent germline mutations have been described, to date no rearrangement affecting the CDC73 locus has been identified. By means of multiplex-PCR we found a large germline deletion affecting the whole gene in a two-generation HPT-JT family. Subsequently array-CGH and specific PCR analysis determined that the muta...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Oils in Jinghu sag are abundant with high content of polar compounds and have a low ratio of saturate to aro-matic hydrocarbons and a high ratio of resin to asphaltene. The gross composition of oils in the Jinghu sag suggests typical immature to low mature characteristics. Some compounds with low thermal stability were identified. Light hy-drocarbons, a carbon preference index, an odd even index, n-alkane and hopane maturity parameters show mature fea-tures and little differences in the maturity level among oils. Sterane isomerization parameters indicate an immature to low mature status of oil. Transfer of the sedimentary center during sedimentation has led to different thermal histories among subsags and thus generated oils with different maturities. On the basis of source analyses, four ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To assess the technical feasibility of a newly designed stent-like electrode in rabbits. A stent-like electrode was knitted from a single thread of nitinol wire and interconnected to a generator using similar wire. In order to gauge the extent of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), we measured the depth of the ablated area in cow liver using a combination of 180-sec time intervals and 20- watt power increments. For data processing, Cox regression analysis was used. RFA was also applied to the small intestine of rabbits using this stent-like electrode under six different sets of conditions: 10 watts for 1 min, 10 watts for 2 mins, 20 watts for 1 min, 20 watts for 2 mins, 30 watts for 1 min, and 30 watts for 2 mins. To determine the gross and microscopic findings, six animals were sacrificed immediately after the procedure and the results obtained under the different sets of conditions were correlated. Eight rabbits were monitored for 4 weeks prior to sacrifice. For both ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose/Objective. Daily Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in room imaging is used to determine tumour shrinkage during a full radiotherapy (RT) course. In addition, relative interfractional tumour and lymph node motion is determined for each RT fraction. Material and methods. From November 2009 to March 2010, 20 consecutive lung cancer patients (14 NSCLC, 6 SCLC) were followed with daily CBCT during RT. The gross tumour volume for lung tumour (GTV-t) was visible in all daily CBCT scans and was delineated at the beginning, at the tenth and the 20th fraction, and at the end of treatment. Whenever visible, the gross tumour volume for lymph nodes (GTV-n) was also delineated. The GTV-t and GTV-n volumes were determined. All patients were setup according to an online bony anatomy match. Retrospectively, matching based on the internal target volume (ITV), the GTV-t or the GTV-n was performed. Results. In eight patients, we observed a significant ...

Science.gov (United States)

Abstract: Snake venom contains a number of small proteins,enzymes and other components,which displays a broad spectrum of biological activities. With the ability of specifically binding on acetylcholine acceptor, alpha-bungarotoxins are not only useful molecular probes in investigating the mechanism of neural signal transmission, but also potential pharmic preparations for neural disease treatment. In current research,cDNAs of Bungarus multicinutus venom gland were synthesized using SMART cDNA amplification kit and then, alpha-bungarotoxin genes were cloned and sequenced. Total of 20 clones were sequenced representing 14 isotoxin mRNAs of alpha-bungarotoxins. Among those clones, a novel isotoxin gene was subcloned into two expression plasmids, alpha-BgTX/pQE30a and alpha-BgTX/pGEX-4T-1, and transformed into E. coli. After inducing with IPTG, fused protein of GST-alpha-BgTX was successfully expressed at level of 30% gross proteins of bacteria. More than 25% of fused ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The detector for retrospective radon exposure measurements is developed. The detector consists of the multilayer package of solid-state nuclear track detectors LR-115 type. Nitrocellulose films works both as {alpha}-particle detector and as absorber decreasing the energy of {alpha}-particles. The uncertainties of implanted {sup 210}Pb measurements by two- and three-layer detectors are assessed in dependence on surface {sup 210}Po activity and gross background activity of the glass. The generalized compartment behavior model of radon decay products in the room atmosphere was developed and verified. It is shown that the most influencing parameters on the value of conversion coefficient from {sup 210}Po surface activity to average radon concentration are aerosol particles concentration, deposition velocity of unattached {sup 218}Po and air exchange rate. It is demonstrated that with the use of additional information on surface to volume room ratio, air exchange rate ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ingestion of HTO during oocyte maturation and continued during pre-implantation time was found to depress decidual response. At birth these offspring also showed a decrease in brain cell number. When HTO was given during pregnancy only, the offspring at birth showed a similar deficit in brain cell number. Even so, we could not demonstrate a gross deficit in oocyte maturation when HTO was ingested during sexual maturity only; however, when further continued during pregnancy, the measured newborn parameters were most severely affected. In this group, cell-multiplication in the cerebrum was severely decreased, protein synthesis was decreased, and somatic growth was also highly significantly decreased. These experiments indicate that even a short-term exposure to HTO during early pregnancy (pre-implantation) alters normal development to such an extent that it is still observable at birth. During embryonic development, HTO affected the rate of actual cell division and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Results from ultimate analysis, proximate and petrographic analyses of a wide range of Kentucky coal samples were used to predict coal rank parameters (vitrinite maximum reflectance (R{sub max}) and gross calorific value (GCV)) using multivariable regression and artificial neural network (ANN) methods. Volatile matter, carbon, total sulfur, hydrogen and oxygen were used to predict both R{sub max} and GCV by regression and ANN. Multivariable regression equations to predict R{sub max} and GCV showed R{sup 2} = 0.77 and 0.69, respectively. Results from the ANN method with a 2-5-4-2 arrangement that simultaneously predicts GCV and R{sub max} showed R{sup 2} values of 0.84 and 0.90, respectively, for an independent test data set. The artificial neural network method can be appropriately used to predict R{sub max} and GCV when regression results do not have high accuracy. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Trying to achieve the optimal utilization of oil shale resources, and the production of a more environmentally acceptable fuel, as well as a solid waste with a low a sulphur content, thereby reducing acidic leachates, has led to this investigation. In this article, the influences of the bed temperature and the choice of fluidizing gas on the quality and quantity of the produced fuel gas, using a continuous feed fluidized bed reactor, were investigated. The composition and calorific value of the generated gas were determined. There was a nearly linear increase in the amount of fuel gas produced as a function of temperature, reaching {approx}350 kg per 10{sup 3} kg of dry raw shale and the gross calorific value ranged from 15 to 23 MJ-kg{sup -1} with CO and H{sub 2} being the major constituents. Subsequent experiments were carried out, employing a thermogravimetric analyser under similar conditions as applied to the fluidized bed reactor. Gasification of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility for propane as an automotive fuel in Manitoba, by comparing the overall performance and operating costs of a test fleet operating on propane with that of a control fleet operating on unleaded gasoline. The performance of gasoline and propane was compared by using two specific tests: general driveability and relative fleet fuel consumption were determined by driver surveys and gross fuel use data from normal urban and rural vehicle operation. Specific fuel consumption was determined by controlled chassis dynamometer tests on a series of selected vehicles utilizing representative driving cycles. Fleet drivers operating propane fueled vehicles were satisfied with vehicle operation and reported similar vehicle performance with either gasoline or propane. Although there was no significant difference in specific fuel consumption, the specific energy consumption of similar vehicles was lower when operated on ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Until now, monitoring of power transformers focussed mainly large generator and network transformers. Siemens goes a step ahead and provides a system especially developed and designed for small and medium power transformers, e.g. for the 100 kV level. This low cost version could be achieved by restriction to really necessary measuring quantities. This allows to realize also for small and medium power transformers an online monitoring including an estimation of aging and as an option an early warning to avoid unexpected failures. (orig.) [German] Die Ueberwachung (Monitoring) von Leistungstransformatoren war bisher vor allem fuer Maschinentransformatoren und grosse Netzkuppeltransformatoren in der Diskussion. Siemens geht einen Schritt weiter und stellt nun auch ein System bereit, das speziell fuer kleine und mittlere Leistungstransformatoren, z.B. der 110-kV-Spannungsebene, konzipiert ist. Diese kostenguenstige Variante wurde durch Beschraenkung auf die aus ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liberalisation of the energy market will lead to enhanced use of environment-friendly, high-efficiency combined-cycle power stations - a great challenge to steam turbine producers. In this highly competitive market, advanced technology and interesting technical features are key issues. MAN Turbomaschinen AG GHH BORSIG, Oberhausen and Berlin, have been producers of steam turbines since 1905. Performance optimisation is the main aspect of development today. [German] Die jetzt eingeleitete Liberalisierung des Energiemarktes wird in der Zukunft den verstaerkten Einsatz von neuen umweltfreundlichen und zugleich hoch effizienten Kombikraftwerken notwendig machen. Eine grosse Herausforderung an fuehrende Hersteller modernster Dampfturbinen. Eine ausgereifte Technik sowie technische Alleinstellungsmerkmale sind im heutigen Verdraengungswettbewerb eine Voraussetzung bei Industriedampfturbinen. Seit dem Jahre 1904 baut die MAN Turbomaschinen AG GHH BORSIG, Oberhausen und ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To dispose the radioactive waste drums, the waste form's integrity and the nuclides inventories must be assured according to the national and site waste acceptance criteria. Because they might be would gravely affected the performance objectives of disposal site. Our national regulation for the waste inventory related to 'Radioactive Waste Acceptance Criteria' requires that the activities of 13 nuclides and gross {alpha} must be measured and the 95 % of nuclides incorporated in the drum must be identified. It is very difficult to measure the radioactivity with accuracy from the regulated waste drum(200L), and have a large error in the analysis results. In present, there are two system, SGS (Segmented Gamma Scanning System) and TGS (Tomographic Gamma Scanning System) for the analysis of radionuclides from the waste drums. In general, it is known that the accuracy of TGS is below 20 % and that of SGS is below 30 %. The accuracy of TGS is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A testing program has been conducted by the Westinghouse Hanford Company to confirm the baseline waste form selection for use in Waste Receiving and Processing (WRAP) Module 2A. WRAP Module 2A will provide treatment required to properly dispose of containerized contact-handled, mixed low-level waste at the US Department of Energy Hanford Site in south-central Washington State. Solidification/stabilization has been chosen as the appropriate treatment for this waste. This work is intended to test cement-based, thermosetting polymer, and thermoplastic polymer solidification media to substantiate the technology approach for WRAP Module 2A. Screening tests were performed using the major chemical constituent of each waste type to measure the gross compatibility with the immobilization media and to determine formulations for more detailed testing. Surrogate materials representing each of the eight waste types were prepared in the laboratory. These surrogates were then ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of the methodology provided in this report is to select the optimal way to manage particular sets of waste streams from generation to disposal in a safe and cost-effective manner. The methodology described is designed to review the entire waste management system, assess its performance, ensure that the performance objectives are met, compare different LLW management alternatives, and select the optimal alternative. The methodology is based on decision analysis approach, in which costs and risk are considered for various LLW management alternatives, a comparison of costs, risks, and benefits is made, and an optimal system is selected which minimizes costs and risks and maximizes benefits. A ''zoom-lens'' approach is suggested, i.e., one begins by looking at gross features and gradually proceeds to more and more detail. Performance assessment requires certain information about the characteristics of the waste streams ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Licensing procedures are of great importance in the entire decision-making and planning process for erection of cogeneration power plants. The paper presented is a condensed version of the ASUE guide published in May 1999 and gives compact and topical information about legal and procedural aspects for orientation of people not yet familiar with the licensing procedures. An initial outline lists and characterises the procedures involved, which then are explained in greater detail, accompanied by flowsheets and diagrams. (orig./CB) [German] Genehmigungsverfahren besitzen im Entscheidungs- und Planungsprozess eine grosse Bedeutung. Um Planern, Bauherren und Behoerden hierzu einen kompakten und aktuellen Ueberblick bieten zu koennen, wurde dieses Referat als Kurzfassung der im Mai 1999 veroeffentlichten ASUE-Broschuere zusammengestellt. Sie bietet vor allem denjenigen eine Hilfestellung, die noch keine Erfahrungen mit den Genehmigungsverfahren gesammelt haben. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper examines the global impacts of a policy that internalizes the external costs (related to air pollution damage, excluding climate costs) of electricity generation using a combined energy systems and macroeconomic model. Starting point are estimates of the monetary damage costs for SO{sub 2}, NOX, and PM per kWh electricity generated, taking into account the fuel type, sulfur content, removal technology, generation efficiency, and population density. Internalizing these externalities implies that clean and advanced technologies increase their share in global electricity production. Particularly, advanced coal power plants, natural gas combined cycles, natural gas fuel cells, wind and biomass technologies gain significant market shares at the expense of traditional coal- and gas-fired plants. Global carbon dioxide emissions are lowered by 3% to 5%. Sulfur dioxide emissions drop significantly below the already low level. The policy increases the costs of electricity production ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A fully quantized many-particle theory of the standard free-electron laser in the small-signal, cold-beam regime is presented. The approach is based on an evaluation of the time-evolution operator in the interaction picture to first order in the quantum-mechanical recoil. For algebraic convenience we use the moving (Bambini-Renieri) frame, in which resonance occurs for zero electron momentum. Though we neglect space-charge effects, genuine many-particle contributions still show up, because the radiation emitted by one electron can be amplified by another electron. Our main results are gross features of the amplification, such as gain and spread, are virtually without many-particle effects. These effects are mainly important in the case of spontaneous emission. For a sufficiently high current, the buildup of the laser field from vacuum is enhanced by amplified spontaneous emission. Incoherence of the spontaneous radiation from several electrons induces deviations ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The downstream failure of cable during winding, insulating, coil winding, and coil assembly is a significant issue in magnet production. The impact of these failures are costly both financially, and from the time to recover from this downstream failure. The current approach to cabling has been to visually inspect the cable for any gross defects during cabling. To date this has been effective in finding small defects such as crossovers for example, which drastically reduce the mechanical integrity of the strand, and thus the cable itself. But because of the large volume of cable which will be manufactured an automated flaw detection system which can inspect the cable and detect these type of defects will be needed. We have recently done an on-line experiment using an Eddy current system, and specialized Eddy current probes to inspect cable during manufacturing. We will present the results of our inspection demonstrating detection of crossovers, and cold welds. And ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The generation of fusion power from the Fast-Liner Reactor (FLR) concept envisages the implosion of a thin (3-mm) metallic cylinder (0.2-m radius by 0.2-m length) onto a preinjected plasma. This plasma would be heated to thermonuclear temperatures by adiabatic compression, pressure confinement would be provided by the liner inertia, and thermal insulation of the wall-confined plasma would be established by an embedded azimuthal magnetic field. A 2- to 3-mu s burn would follow the approx. 10"4 m/s radial implosion and would result in a thermonuclear yield equal to 10 to 15 times the energy initially invested into the liner kinetic energy. For implosions occurring once every 10 s a gross thermal power of 430 MWt would be generated. The results of a comprehensive systems study of both physics and technology (economics) optima are presented. Despite unresolved problems associated with both the physics and technology of the FLR, a conceptual power plant design is ...

Science.gov (United States)

All African Nations belong to the category of third world underdeveloped countries of the world. UNDP Human Development Index uses factors like per capita income, health of the people, and educational attainment to classify countries. Adult literacy and gross enrolment ratios are indicators of education status. This paper uses Nigeria, a typical African country, to illustrate the problems posed by adult illiteracy to national development. Statistical data are used to show the low levels of adult literacy with disparities between males and females; urban and rural areas, and between different zones of Nigeria and the continent. Enrolments and completion rate in adult literacy programmes are presented. Nigeria's policy on adult and non formal education as reflected in the Nigerian constitution (1999), National Policy on Education (2004 edition), Decree 17 on the National Commission for Mass Literacy, Adult and Non formal education (1990), and the Universal Basic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lateral and vertical variabilities in the bulk and mechanical properties of silicic volcanic tuff at the potential nuclear waste repository site in Yucca Mountain, NV have been evaluated. Laboratory measurements have been performed on tuff specimens recovered from boreholes located to support the design of the Exploratory Studies Facility/North Ramp. The data include dry and saturated bulk densities, average grain density, porosity, compressional and shear wave velocities, elastic moduli, and compressional and tensional fracture strengths. Data from eight boreholes aligned in a northwest-southeast direction have been collected under the required quality assurance program. Three boreholes have penetrated the potential repository horizon. The information collected provides for an accurate appraisal of the variability of rock properties in the vicinity of the boreholes. As expected, there is substantial variability in the bulk and mechanical properties of the tuff with depth (lithology). ...

Science.gov (United States)

The efficiency of two thin-film diffusion barriers to be used in silicide/aluminum metallization schemes for silicon integrated circuits were evaluated. Control samples of Si/CoSi{sub 2}/Al and Si/Pd{sub 2}Si/Al, and test samples of Si/CoSi{sub 2}/Ta{sub 2}N/Al, Si/CoSi{sub 2}/W/Al and Si/Pd{sub 2}Si/Ta{sub 2}N/Al were used for sheet resistance, X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering, and Auger-electron spectroscopic measurements. TEM studies were carried out on representative samples to examine the nature of the interfaces. Results from the analytical tests indicated that all three types of test samples are resistant to gross diffusion and intermixing of Co, Pd, Al and Si. They also showed that in the control samples, annealing causes interdiffusion of these species, necessitating the presence of a diffusion barrier. For test contacts, results demonstrated that although diffusion barriers may be successful in preventing metallurgical interdiffusion, they may ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A top-level costing model is developed and used to project the cost of electricity (COE) (in mills per kilo watt-hour) expected from conceptual fusion power plants. Application is restricted to magnetic fusion energy (MFE) concepts. These costs are estimated parametrically in terms of the mass of the fusion-power-core (FPC) heater, the power required to sustain a reacting deuterium-tritium plasma, the heat transport/transfer system that delivers the fusion power to the balance of plant (BOP), and the BOP needed to convert the fusion heat to electrical power. Although the highly integrated (simplified) cost-estimating relationships (CERs) used to express COE in terms of FPC mass power density (MPD) [in kilowatt(electric) per tonne] and the engineering gain Q{sub E} (inverse of fraction of gross electric power recirculated to the fusion power plant) apply primarily to MFE approaches to fusion power, the costing gauge thus results is generally independent of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wolsong 2, 3, and 4 are CANDU 6 pressurized heavy water nuclear power plants, each with a gross electrical output of 715 MW(e). The plants were constructed in the Republic of Korea during the 1990s. The three Wolsong units are based on the previous CANDU Wolsong Unit 1, declared in service in 1983. All four units are presently in commercial service. The Wolsong abnormal operating manuals were developed in a cooperative effort between Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Korea Power Engineering Company staff, and Korea Electric Power Corporation. The role of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited in performing risk assessment studies and supporting CANDU stations for the preparation of emergency operating procedures has greatly benefited the Wolsong abnormal operating manual program. Korea Electric Power Corporation provided training and supervision, Korea Power Engineering Company Inc. prepared the documentation, and Korea Electric Power Corporation reviewed the draft ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As an alternative to the usual way of installing wind machines in extended windfarms new concepts are being developed. Several wind turbines are affixed to one support structure and can be aligned together. Drafts of steel constructions developed by students in three diploma theses are presented. The attempt to transform existing design standards requires extensive discussion of possible influence scenarios. Several concepts regarding structure and safety elements are described and evaluated. The design of the support structure is to be seen as a first step to the practicability of the whole concept. A preliminary mass calculation and a specification of further cost factors facilitates the comparison to conventional wind power stations. (orig.) [Deutsch] Als Alternative zur ueblichen Praxis, Windenergieanlagen in Form grossflaechiger Windparks zu bauen, werden Konzepte entwickelt, bei denen mehrere Konverter an einem Tragwerk angeordnet und gemeinsam in den Wind ausgerichtet werden. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We report the performance of a commercial recuperated micro gas turbine on biomass producer gas and mixtures of biomass producer gas with natural gas. The biomass producer gas, obtained by gasification at 850{sup o}C with air at atmospheric pressure, contains about 7% H2, 17% CO, 15% CO2, 4% CH4, 2% other hydrocarbons, 2% H2O, and a balance of N2 and Ar from air. It has a net heating value of about 6 MJ/(Nm{sup 3}). The micro gas turbine delivers full power (30 kW{sub e}) on gas mixtures with a net heating value of at least 15 MJ/(Nm{sup 3}). For gas of lower heating value, the maximum fuel gas flow allowed by the fuel control unit limits the attainable power. At reduced power, the lower limit for stable operation is a net heating value of about 8 MJ/(Nm{sup 3}). The gross efficiency of the micro gas turbine depends on the output power but not on the gas heating value, within our estimated measurement accuracy of about 2%. Above 70% of full power, NO emission is 5 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As a partner in this project, Siemens Power Generation investigated the crack propagation characteristics of short cracks in CMSX4. This involved crack propagation tests under dynamic and static load, creep tests on samples of different geometries, and life calculations, with the following results: No typical short cracking behaviour was observed under dynamic loads. Short crack propagation at 950 C under static load is well described by the fracture mechanical parameter C* integral. Notched bar creep tests showed longer times to cracking for notched bars. [German] In dem Verbundprojekt hat Siemens Power Generation u.a. die Untersuchungen von Rissausbreitungsverhalten von Kurzenrissen in CMSX4 als Hauptaufgabe bekommen. Dabei wurden Rissausbreitungsversuche unter dynamischer und statischer Belastung, Kriechversuche an Proben verschiedener Geometrie und Lebensdauerberechnung durchgefuehrt. Die wesentlichen Ergenisse sind wie folgt kurz zusammengefasst. Bei dynamischer Belastung ist kein ...

Science.gov (United States)

Among KEPCO's 9 nuclear power units, Korea Nuclear Unit No. 3, the Wolsung Nuclear Power Plant is the only CANDU-PHWR Unit, while the rest of 8 others are PWR units. The unit was designed by Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd. of Canada, who also performed overall project management for the plant construction under the provisions and arrangement of the relevant contracts. The gross electrical output of the plant is 678.7 MWe and thermal output of the reactor is 2061 MWth. While these figures lead to lower plant efficiency than LWR counterparts, unit energy cost for fuel is more favorable than LWRs because natural uranium is utilized for the fuel bundles, some of which are already being fabricated domestically. Annual capacity factors for 1983 and 1984 could have been improved, if two major planned outages for the modification works on steam generator internals and one major forced outage from the heavy water spill incident could be eliminated. The heavy water ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the second half of 1993, the groundwater at the F-Area Seepage Basins (FASB) was monitored in compliance with Module 3, Section C, of South Carolina Hazardous Waste Permit SC1-890-008-989, effective November 2, 1992. The monitoring well network is composed of 87 FSB wells screened in the three hydrostratigraphic units that make up the uppermost aquifer beneath the FASB. A detailed description of the uppermost aquifer is included in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B post-closure care permit application for the F-Area Hazardous Waste Management Facility submitted to the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) in December 1990. Beginning in the first quarter of 1993, the standard for comparison became the SCDHEC Groundwater Protection Standard (GWPS) specified in the approved F-Area Seepage Basins Part B permit. Currently and historically, gross alpha, nitrate, nonvolatile beta, and tritium are among the primary ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Japan's first water power station to provide public power was the Keage plant (maximum output 160 kW) which began operation in 1891. The installed capacity of pure hydro plants reached 20 481 MW in March 1991; pumped-storage powerplants account for 17 004 MW, making a total of 37 483 MW. Pumped-storage thus represents 45 per cent of total hydro capacity. Pure hydro plants under construction at the end of March 1990 totalled 75, representing 968 MW of capacity. There were also seven pumped-storage plants under construction (each more than 300 MW). The latest survey to establish the hydro potential of Japan indicated the gross theoretical hydro potential to be 717 600 GWh/year and the exploitable potential to be 130 524 GWh/year. Of this exploitable potential, 60 per cent is in operation and 3 per cent is under construction. The exploitable potential represents 4551 pure hydro plants, with a total installed capacity of 32 792 MW. In an effort to reduce ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cholangiocarcinoma is synonymous with bile duct carcinoma, and can originate in a small intrahepatic bile duct (peripheral type), a major intrahepatic duct including the hepatic hills, an extrahepatic duct, or near the papilla of Vater (central type). In a sense bile duct carcinoma of the peripheral type is cholangiocarcinoma of the liver; it has the same gross configuration as hepatocellular carcinoma, resulting in difficulty to differentiate on the CT. The authors studied CT findings of 14 cases of pathologically proven peripheral type cholangiocarcinoma of the liver during the last 4 years. The results were as follows: 1. Of 14 cases, 8 were female and 6 were male, and the age ranged from 5th to 7th decades. 2. Preoperative clinical diagnosis were as follows: hepatoma 8 cases, abscess 5 cases and metastasis 1 case in order of frequency. 3. Diagnosis were confirmed by hepatic lobectomy in 7 cases, wedge resection in 5 cases and needle biopsy in 2 case. 4. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the investigations reported here, a helium-jet/tape-transport system was used for the rapid transfer of fission products to a low-background environment where their aggregate beta and gamma-ray spectra were measured as a function of delay time after neutron induced fission of {sup 235}U, {sup 238}U and {sup 239}Pu. Beta and gamma-ray energy distributions have been deduced for delay times as short as 0.2 s and extending out to 100,000s. Instrumentation development during the initial phase of the project included: (1) assembly and characterization of a NaI(Tl) spectrometer for determining aggregate gamma-ray energy distributions, (2) development and characterization of a beta spectrometer (having excellent gamma-ray rejection) for measuring aggregate beta-particle energy distributions, (3) assembly and characterization of a Compton-suppressed HPGe spectrometer for determining gamma-ray intensities of individual fission products to deduce fission-product yields. Spectral decomposition ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present an efficient parallel algorithm and its implementation for computing the diagonal of $H^-1$ where $H$ is a 2D Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian discretized on a rectangular domain using a standard second order finite difference scheme. This type of calculation can be used to obtain an accurate approximation to the diagonal of a Fermi-Dirac function of $H$ through a recently developed pole-expansion technique \\cite{LinLuYingE2009}. The diagonal elements are needed in electronic structure calculations for quantum mechanical systems \\citeHohenbergKohn1964, KohnSham 1965,DreizlerGross1990. We show how elimination tree is used to organize the parallel computation and how synchronization overhead is reduced by passing data level by level along this tree using the technique of local buffers and relative indices. We analyze the performance of our implementation by examining its load balance and communication overhead. We show that our implementation exhibits an excellent ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shell Solar GmbH is working on a variant of the so-called stacked elemental layer process for CIGSSe absorber production. The metal films resp. the selenium are deposited on the Mb electrode at room temperature by DC sputtering (CIG) or evaporation (Se) and then processed into semiconductors by rapid thermal annealing (RTP). Currently, the mean efficiency of the pilot plant is i 12.6 {+-} 0.2 % for non-sealed 30 x 30 cm{sup 2} modules, the key efficiency is 13.0 %. In addition to the 30 x 30 cm{sup 2} pilot line, a small series of 60x90cm2 modules was constructed in December 2004. Here, the mean efficiency was 13.0 percent while the average module power was higher than 60 W. The contribution also describes investigations of ceramically sputtered n-ZnO:Al layers with reduced Al concedntrations of 1 percent and on reactively sputtered n-ZnO.Al layers from the double roller magnetron. (orig.) [German] Bei Shell Solar GmbH wird eine Variante des sogenannten ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sprayforming offers the possibility to produce a variety of preforms in a single step directly from the melt. Numerous processing parameters ensure high flexibility but require detailed knowledge concerning the microstructure of sprayformed material depending on chemical composition and processing parameters. Within the current study fundamental investigations using unalloyed and low alloy steel grades (C15, C105, 100Cr6) for sprayforming of plates and billets have been performed concerning the influence of chromium and carbon content and selected processing parameters. Sprayformed preforms revealed austenite grain sizes up to 500 {mu}m depending on the development of porosity. Different types of porosity have been detected which can be associated with incomplete densification due to high cooling rates, solidification shrinkage and entrapped nitrogen. Atomisation gas pressure and carbon content are parameters of primary importance. (Abstract Copyright [2003], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One part of the RWE measure catalogue in order to guarantee an environmental friendly and competitive electric power generation based on brown coal is to carry out measures improving the efficiency at existing steam turbines in RWE brown coal power plants. Since 1993 a total of 21 steam turbines with a gross capacity of 7,100 MW or net capacity of 6540 MW - this corresponds to approximately 70 % of the installed RWE brown coal power plant capacity - have been improved with an investment of approximately DM 500 million. The net block efficiency has been increased by 1.3 % on average. The planned net capacity increase of approximately 250 MW is still going to be achieved taking into account the pending enhancements. Nuclear power plant turbines have been successfully improved in the same way. Apart from the described retrofit programme measures to improve efficiency are carried out at further steam turbines of brown coal power plants. In the frame of this talk the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parallel imaging and echo sharing techniques have markedly reduced the acquisition times for MRI of large volumes. Dynamic 2 and 3-dimensional data sets of the chest with high temporal resolution (up to 10 images/s with single slice and 2 volume/s) allow an analysis of respiratory motion of the lungs and tumors. Time-resolved 2D series in preselected planes can be used to observe respiratory motion during free breathing or after respiratory commands, e.g. to exclude chest wall invasion by a tumor or for diagnosing impairment of respiratory mechanics. Time-resolved 3D-series (4D-MRI) allow monitoring of the spatial displacement of the lungs and tumors as a whole volume. Present limitations such as an overestimation of tumor size and an underestimation of displacement due to a limited temporal resolution are expected to be overcome with further technical developments. However, 4D-MRI already appears to be the appropriate tool to select patients for motion-adapted radiotherapy. In ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The petroleum sector is highly significant for the Norwegian economy. Its share of gross domestic product, exports and total government revenues has been substantial over the past two decades, reaching a particularly high level in 2000 and 2001. The principal reason why revenues were so high in these two years is a combination of high oil prices, a strong USD against the NOK and historically high petroleum production. The share of petroleum investment in total capital spending in the Norwegian economy was at its highest in the early 1990s. Total investment in the petroleum sector has been above NOK 40 bn every year since 1992, and peaked in 1998 at roughly NOK 80 bn. Capital spending declined to around NOK 56.9 bn in 2001. The government's most important revenue sources in recent years have been cash flow from the state's direct financial interest (SDFI) and from taxes. Production of crude oil has averaged around three mill barrels per day since ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper presents fundamental studies on natural biosorption to algae of heavy metals. The investigations were carried out by TU Berlin University in a special research project (Sfb 193, 'Biologische Behandlung industrieller und gewerblicher Abwaesser'). The chlorophyceae C. vulgaris was used as reference alga, and 38 further algae were analzyed with regard to their sorption characteristics for lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc. The most effective algae were the chlorophyceae C. salina, the cyanophyceae S. hofmani and L. taylorii. The biosorption characteristics of C. salina and L. taylorii were investigated in detail. L. taylorii was found to be exploitable successfully in a technical process, so the investigations were extended to include copper. Knowledge about the chemical processes of biosorption is important for any attempt to modify the biosorption characteristics. Experiments on the incorporation of additional functional groups in the cell wall polysaccharides ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reserve appreciation, also called reserve growth, is the increase in the estimated ultimate recovery (the sum of year end reserves and cumulative production) from fields subsequent to discovery from extensions, infield drilling, improved recovery of in-place resources, new pools, and intrapool completions. In recent years, reserve appreciation has become a major component of total U.S. annual natural gas reserve additions. Over the past 15 years, reserve appreciation has accounted for more than 80 percent of all annual natural gas reserve additions in the U.S. lower 48 states (Figure 1). The rise of natural gas reserve appreciation basically came with the judgment that reservoirs were much more geologically complex than generally thought, and they hold substantial quantities of natural gas in conventionally movable states that are not recovered by typical well spacing and vertical completion practices. Considerable evidence indicates that many reservoirs show significant geological ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Storing electrical energy in batteries is not a viable option for sustaining a country's energy economy. The mass and volume, as well as the costs, of electrochemical components required for this would be beyond all reason. Nevertheless, in certain applications the storage of electrical energy does have significant advantages over other technologies. For example, electrically powered road vehicles emit no exhaust fumes and very little noise at their place of operation. In this way they contribute substantially to air and noise pollution control in urban areas. Photovoltaic applications permit environmentally friendly electricity applications in places remote from the public grid where conventional solutions are prohibitively expensive. More than in the past, battery systems today have to meet a wide range of technical, economic and ecological requirements in order to be marketable. This is why the ''Zoxy'' zinc-air battery system was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: To report on the nephron-sparing, percutaneous ablation of a large renal cell carcinoma by combined superselective embolization and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. Materials and Methods: A 5 cm renal cell carcinoma of a 43-year-old drug abusing male with serologically proven HIV, hepatitis B and C infection, who refused surgery, was superselectively embolized using microspheres (size: 500 - 700 {mu}m) and a platinum coil under local anesthesia. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation using a 7F LeVeen probe (size of expanded probe tip: 40 mm) and a 200 Watt generator was performed one day after transcatheter embolization under general anesthesia. Results: The combined treatment resulted in complete destruction of the tumor without relevant damage of the surrounding healthy renal tissue. The patient was discharged 24 hours after RF ablation. No complications like urinary leaks or fistulas were observed and follow up CT one day and 4 weeks after the radiofrequency ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

On 7 May 2009, the Ministry of the Environment set up a working group to evaluate the possible use of biodegradable waste and other biodegradable material flows for energy production and obstacles to promoting their use in the whole production cycle. The deadline for the working group was 31 January 2010. According to its mandate, the working group had to make proposals for the measures needed to promote the energy use of biodegradable waste in order to fulfil the targets of the Government Foresight Report on Long-term Climate and Energy Policy. The working group proposes thirteen measures to be put into operation so that the investments aimed at the energy use of biodegradable waste would grow significantly from the present level. The most important measure is a full ban on depositing biodegradable waste in landfills. The working group sees that the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from landfills should, in any case, be made more effective and that the planning procedures for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Waveform correlation detectors compare a signal template with successive windows of a continuous data stream and report a detection when the correlation coefficient, or some comparable detection statistic, exceeds a specified threshold. Since correlation detectors exploit the fine structure of the full waveform, they are exquisitely sensitive when compared to power (STA/LTA) detectors. The drawback of correlation detectors is that they require complete knowledge of the signal to be detected, which limits such methods to instances of seismicity in which a very similar signal has already been observed by every station used. Such instances include earthquake swarms, aftershock sequences, repeating industrial seismicity, and many other forms of controlled explosions. The reduction in the detection threshold is even greater when the techniques are applied to arrays since stacking can be performed on the individual channel correlation traces to achieve significant array gain. In previous ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: To visualise the vessel wall of the descending thoracic aorta using magnetic resonance imaging. To evaluate the diagnostic potential of tailored T{sub 1}-weighted sequences with contrast enhancement to assess systemic atherosclerotic disease. Methods: This study was performed on a clinical 1.5 Tesla scanner using a gradient strength of 30 mT/m and the phased array spine coil. A cadaver was examined to optimise a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol to evaluate atherosclerotic aortic wall disease. The acquired MR images were compared to gross specimens and histology. Subsequently seven patients who had undergone transesophageal ultrasound (TEU) with detailed assessment of the descending thoracic aorta were examined with MRI. The optimised protocol included untriggered and fat suppressed T{sub 2}-weighted turbo spin echo sequences and ECG-triggered and fat suppressed T{sub 1}-weighted spin echo sequences before and after iv administration of Gd-DTPA. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: To assess the role of CT in the evaluation of traumatic and spontaneous oesophageal perforation. Materials and methods: From March 2001 to May 2003, we studied 12 patients (7 males and 5 females; age range: 25-66 years, mean age: 43.5 years) with suspected oesophageal perforation due to motor-vehicle accidents (4 cases), stab wound (one case), post-intubation (2 cases), foreign body ingestion (2 cases) and spontaneous (3 cases). Five patients underwent standard chest and cervical radiography; two patients with suspected foreign body ingestion also underwent a gastrografin swallow study; all of the 12 patients underwent CT of the neck, chest and abdomen before and after intravenous, and in four cases oral, administration of contrast material. Results: In 5 patients with cervical, thoracic and abdominal trauma, the CT examination showed the presence of pleuroparenchymal injury (pneumothorax, pleural effusion and subcutaneous emphysema) as well as findings suggestive of ...

ScienceCinema

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