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Sample records for salud cuba 2001-2002

  1. Salud pública y propiedad intelectual en Cuba: mapa conceptual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz García Delgado

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO:El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis del marco legal de salud y propiedad intelectual en Cuba y su incidencia en las condiciones de acceso de la población a los recursos de salud y el papel de los diferentes actores sociales. METODOLOGÍA: Se utilizó la metodología desarrollada por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud para la ejecución del Proyecto Mapa Conceptual sobre Salud Pública y Propiedad Intelectual. RESULTADOS: La información recobrada en específico sobre el marco legal y su evolución en el tiempo en Cuba relacionado con el Sistema Nacional de Salud, el Sistema de Propiedad Intelectual y el fortalecimiento de la industria biofarmacéutica del país, fue procesada y analizada generando el Mapa Conceptual sobre Salud Pública y Propiedad Intelectual de Cuba. CONCLUSIONES: El análisis de la experiencia cubana en la adecuación de su marco legal y la evaluación de la interrelación de los actores sociales permite observar cómo la voluntad política existente a lo largo de varias décadas ha impactado de manera positiva en el acceso a la salud de la población.

  2. Caracterización final y lecciones de la epidemia de dengue 3 en Cuba, 2001-2002 Final characterization of and lessons learned from the dengue 3 epidemic in Cuba, 2001-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María G. Guzmán

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Over the past 10 years, the American Region has witnessed the reintroduction and dissemination of dengue virus serotype 3. In this paper we describe the main clinical and epidemiologic features of the dengue 3 epidemic that broke out in Cuba between June 2001 and March 2002, as well as the measures that were undertaken to eliminate it. A total of 14 524 confirmed cases were reported, 12 889 (88,7% of them in the City of Havana. Eighty-one cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever were confirmed, three of which died. Secondary infection, white skin color, sickle cell anemia, and bronchial asthma were risk factors for dengue hemorrhagic fever. Active clinical and epidemiologic surveillance and laboratory support were critical to the early detection of transmission and to the monitoring of the epidemic. Widespread involvement of the community and its different sectors, participation of the mass media with a single leadership in command, and strong political will were the key factors that made it possible to eliminate transmission. This epidemic was one more example of the risk of dengue epidemics faced by countries in the area, including those that have strong surveillance and control programs. It also served to show that by applying the principles established by the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization for dengue control, transmission can be stopped.

  3. Sistema de salud de Cuba The health system of Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emma Domínguez-Alonso

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se describen las condiciones de salud de Cuba y el sistema cubano de salud, incluyendo su estructura y cobertura, sus fuentes de financiamiento, su gasto en salud, los recursos físicos, materiales y humanos de los que dispone, y las actividades de rectoría e investigación que desarrolla. También se discute la importancia de sus instituciones de investigación y se describe el papel de los usuarios de los servicios en la operación y evaluación del sistema, así como las actividades que en este sentido desarrollan la Federación de Mujeres Cubanas y los Comités de Defensa de la Revolución. La parte final de este trabajo se dedica a discutir las innovaciones más recientes dentro de las que destacan las redes de cardiología, la Misión Milagro y la Batalla de Ideas.This paper describes the health conditions in Cuba and the general characteristics of the Cuban health system, including its structure and coverage, its financial sources, its health expenditure, its physical, material and human resources, and its stewardship functions. It also discusses the increasing importance of its research institutions and the role played by its users in the operation and evaluation of the system. Salient among the social actors involved in the health sector are the Cuban Women Federation and the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution. The paper concludes with the discussion of the most recent innovations implemented in the Cuban health system, including the cardiology networks, the Miracle Mission (Misión Milagro and the Battle of Ideas (Batalla de Ideas.

  4. END-OF-YEAR-CLOSURE 2001/2002

    CERN Document Server

    Human Resources Division

    2001-01-01

    As announced in Weekly Bulletin Nº 4/2001, the Laboratory will be closed from Saturday, 22 December 2001 to Sunday, 6 January 2002 inclusive. This period consists of 16 days : 4 days' official holiday, i.e. 24, 25 and 31 December 2001 and 1 January 2002; 6 days' special paid leave in accordance with Article R II 4.34 of the Staff Regulations, i.e. 26, 27 and 28 December 2001 and 2, 3 and 4 January 2002; 3 Saturdays, i.e. 22 and 29 December 2001 and 5 January 2002; 3 Sundays, i.e. 23 and 30 December 2001 and 6 January 2002. The first working day in the New Year will be Monday, 7 January 2002. Further information will be available from Division Secretariats, specifically concerning the conditions applicable to members of the personnel who are required to work during this period.

  5. Innovative Tuberculosis Symposium held during Cuba Salud 2015.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chapman, Helena J; Armas Pérez, Luisa

    2016-12-01

    The fourth Tuberculosis (TB) Symposium, held during the Cuba Salud 2015 International Convention, highlighted advancements in research on TB and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by interdisciplinary teams from academic and federal institutions in Cuba, Colombia, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic. Delegates focused on the targets presented in the World Health Organization End TB Strategy for 2016-2035 and elaborated on four primary themes: 1) attention to vulnerable populations such as immunocompromised individuals, health care workers, and residents of long-term institutions such as prisons and nursing homes; 2) identification of active and latent TB cases through contact investigations; 3) spread and control of drug-resistant Mtb strains; and 4) advancements in the development of novel vaccines or "booster" immunizations. This international TB forum served as a platform for experts in diverse disciplines in these Latin American countries to discuss challenges faced by TB research and control programs, proposing novel research initiatives and promoting collaborative teamwork strategies for TB elimination. In solidarity, collaborative efforts in TB control require identification of symptomatic individuals, rapid diagnostic testing for TB, drug susceptibility assays on Mtb strains, and management that provide universal and gratuitous access to directly observed short-course therapy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. La carga de enfermedad por cáncer en Cuba en el período 1990-2002 The burden of disease from cancer in Cuba, 1990-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emma Domínguez Alonso

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la carga de enfermedad por morbilidad y mortalidad en Cuba entre 1990 y 2002, según el tipo y la localización de cáncer. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de la carga de enfermedad en los años 1990, 1995, 2000 y 2002, asociada con los tipos y las localizaciones de cáncer más frecuentes en Cuba. Se utilizaron fuentes oficiales cubanas para calcular los años de vida potencial perdidos (AVPP por mortalidad (a partir de la esperanza de vida y morbilidad (a partir de la incidencia, la duración promedio y la gravedad de la enfermedad, así como los años de vida potencial perdidos promedio por cada defunción (AVPP/D y los años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD, para cada tipo y localización de cáncer por sexo y grupo de edad. RESULTADOS: Las localizaciones con más AVPP coincidieron con las de mayor carga total: pulmón, mama, próstata, colon y recto, y cuello del útero, y mostraron una tendencia ascendente en todos los tipos y localizaciones de cáncer, excepto la leucemia. Los AVPP por morbilidad se concentraron en: mama, pulmón, próstata, colon y recto, y cuello del útero. En hombres, los mayores valores de AVPP por mortalidad fueron en boca y orofaringe, esófago, estómago, pulmón, vejiga, melanoma, linfoma y leucemia; el cáncer de colon y recto afectó más a las mujeres. Los mayores valores de AVPP/D se observaron en cuello del útero, mama, ovario, leucemia y linfoma. Los tipos y las localizaciones de cáncer con más AVAD fueron: pulmón, mama, próstata, colon y recto, cuello del útero y endometrio. CONCLUSIONES: La carga de enfermedad por cáncer aumentó en Cuba entre 1990 y 2002, especialmente por un aumento en la carga por mortalidad.OBJECTIVE: To describe the burden of disease, using morbidity and mortality in Cuba from 1990-2002, by cancer type and location. METHODS: A descriptive study of the disease burden in the years 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2002, by Cuba's most frequently associated

  7. El socialismo y el hombre en Cuba, tratado axiológico para el profesional de la salud El socialismo y el hombre en Cuba, an axiological treatise for health professionals

    OpenAIRE

    Yunexis Teresa Nobalbo Aguilera; Maritza Yuliet Téllez Cabrera; Yohaysa Pérez Alfonso

    2011-01-01

    El estudio del El socialismo y el hombre en Cuba, de Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, tiene una gran importancia para el análisis de la concepción del hombre nuevo. En este trabajo se brinda una nueva visión desde un enfoque axiológico. Asimismo, se divulga el sistema de valores presentes en la obra que contribuyen a la formación del profesional de la salud, a partir de la figura del Che.The study of El socialismo y el hombre en Cuba (Socialism and man in Cuba) of Ernesto Guevara de la Serna is o...

  8. Environmental taxes 1991 - 2001 (2002)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    2002-01-01

    The statistics presents statements of environmental taxes for the period 1991-2001 (and budget figure for 2002). Environmental taxes are a concept for pollution, energy, transportation and resource related taxes. Income of the government from environmental taxes have increased from 30,0 billions DDK in 1991 to 62,2 billions DDK in 2001 - a little more than a doubling. The environmental taxes' part of the total taxes' part og the total taxes has increased from 7,5% in 1991 to 9,4% in 2001. In 2001 the energy taxes are 57%, the transportation taxes 36% and the pollution and resource taxes 7% of the environmental taxes. (LN)

  9. de nutrición infantil 2001-2002.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucía Díez-Gañán

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: Para conocer la situación alimentaria y nutricional en la población infantil, sobre la que no existía información actualizada, el Instituto de Salud Pública desarrolló la Encuesta de Nutrición Infantil de la Comunidad de Madrid 2001/2002 (ENICM. En este trabajo se analiza la ENICM para describir y evaluar la ingesta de alimentos, energía y nutrientes en esta población. Métodos: Estudio transversal sobre una muestra representativa de la población de 5-12 años de la Comunidad de Madrid. La información alimentaria se recogió en 2001 y 2002 mediante dos recuerdos de 24 horas. Se ha estudiado la ingesta total diaria de alimentos, energía y nutrientes. Los análisis incluyen los 1.852 niños con información completa en los dos recuerdos (90,8% de las entrevistas realizadas. Resultados: La ingesta media total diaria de alimentos es 1.460,7 gramos/persona/día. Salvo para los lácteos, huevos y aceites, la ingesta en los grupos alimentarios básicos es inadecuada, particularmente baja en las frutas frescas, verduras y hortalizas. La ingesta media energética y nutricional resultante es 1.905,9 kcal/persona/día; 43,6% hidratos de carbono; 17,4% proteínas, 39,0% lípidos (13,3% grasas saturadas, 16,8% monoinsaturadas, 5,0% poliinsaturadas; 363,8 mg de colesterol; 13,6 g de fibra e ingestas por debajo de las recomendadas de zinc, ácido fólico, vitaminas D y E (ambos sexos y hierro y vitamina B6 (niñas. Conclusiones: La dieta de la población infantil de la Comunidad de Madrid presenta desequilibrios que es necesario mejorar: ingesta inadecuada de alimentos básicos, exceso de proteínas, grasas saturadas y colesterol y déficit de hidratos de carbono, fibra y algunos micronutrientes.

  10. The VAEC - Annual report for 2001 - 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tan, Vuong Huu; Hong, Le Van; Anh, Nguyen Hoang; Hieu, Trinh Dang; Trang, Nguyen Trong; Hong, Dang Thi [eds.

    2003-12-01

    The VAEC Annual Report for 2001-2002 has been prepared as an account of works carried out at the Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission (VAEC) for the period 2001-2002. The Report contains main results from the VAEC's activities of research and development in following fields: nuclear physics; reactor physics and nuclear energy; nuclear methods; nuclear medicine and radioisotope production; radiation protection and radioactive waste management; ecology and environment; biotechnology and agriculture; radiation technology; nuclear fuels, material and radiochemistry; computation and other topics. (NHA)

  11. Brazilian energy balance 2002: calendar year 2001

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2002-12-01

    The Brazilian Energy Balance 2002, based on 2001 data, contains the information related to the supply and consumption of the primary and secondary energy sources, provided by data and information of responsible sectors. This version presents important differences in relation to the previous editions, new technical concepts were introduced for the treatment of calorific powers of energy sources in the composition and consolidation of data, and also in the structure of its contents. The Balance 2002 was structured in the same way of the last edition, divided in 8 chapters, as follows: summary of the relevant indicators of 2001 and consolidated data of production, consumption and external dependence on energy, and also the sectorial composition of the consumption of the different groups of energy sources - period 1970/2001; energy supply and demand by source - 1986/2001; energy consumption by sector - 1986/2001; energy foreign trading - 1986/2001; transformation centers balances - 1986/2001; energy resources and reserves - 1973/2001; energy and socio-economy - 1986/2001; regional parameters and appendices including: installed capacity, international data, general structure of the balance, information processing, conversion units and consolidated energy balances - 1970/2001,in the 'kcal' unit, calculated in PCI- Inferior Calorific Power. This new model has the intention to approximate the Brazilian Energy Balance to the international methodologies, mainly to the OECD balances

  12. The structuring of health systems and the control of infectious disease: looking at Mexico and Cuba La estructuración de los sistemas de salud y el control de las enfermedades infecciosas: un vistazo a México y a Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tim Anderson

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se examinan las consecuencias que tienen para el control de las enfermedades infecciosas diferentes maneras de concebir la organización de los sistemas de salud. En particular se examinan las bases teóricas de la organización de los sistemas de salud de México y de Cuba, junto con sus programas y resultados, en conexión con cinco de las principales y más peligrosas enfermedades infecciosas: la tuberculosis, la infección por VIH y el sida, la diarrea, el sarampión y el paludismo. México ha tenido un sistema federal y neoliberal basado en un programa de seguridad social tripartito (el Estado, el empleador, y aportaciones del empleado, en consorcios del sector privado (inversiones en servicios públicos por parte de entidades privadas con fines de lucro y en la provisión competitiva de servicios (servicios competitivos en lugar de coordinados. En cambio, Cuba ha tenido un sistema público con acceso libre garantizado para toda la población, una coordinación pública centralizada, y la inscripción de todos los pacientes sin excepción (todo miembro de la población tiene un registro médico y un médico asignado. ¿Cómo se han lidiado con las enfermedades infecciosas más peligrosas de la humanidad dos sistemas de salud con estas características? La superioridad casi invariable que ha mostrado Cuba en el control de las enfermedades parece depender del acceso garantizado que tiene todo habitante a los servicios de salud, a la coordinación centralizada del sistema sanitario y a una abundancia de trabajadores de salud bien capacitados. Por otro lado, en México la provisión desigual de servicios asistenciales no ha logrado satisfacer las necesidades de todos los mexicanos y la expansión de los servicios privados difícilmente podrá compensar las carencias observadas en las zonas más pobres del país. Las deficiencias de infraestructura y de otros recursos imponen límites sobre lo que Cuba puede alcanzar, pero son

  13. El socialismo y el hombre en Cuba, tratado axiológico para el profesional de la salud El socialismo y el hombre en Cuba, an axiological treatise for health professionals

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yunexis Teresa Nobalbo Aguilera

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available El estudio del El socialismo y el hombre en Cuba, de Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, tiene una gran importancia para el análisis de la concepción del hombre nuevo. En este trabajo se brinda una nueva visión desde un enfoque axiológico. Asimismo, se divulga el sistema de valores presentes en la obra que contribuyen a la formación del profesional de la salud, a partir de la figura del Che.The study of El socialismo y el hombre en Cuba (Socialism and man in Cuba of Ernesto Guevara de la Serna is of great importance to analyze the concept of the new man. The article reviews the book from an axiological approach, as well as pointing out its system of values, which is a contribution to the education of health professionals.

  14. Calidad de vida relativa a salud en la población urbana de Cuba

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    Rodolfo Jova Morel

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal durante el 2010, de 5 936 personas de 15 años y más como muestra representativa del país, con muestreo por conglomerado en varias etapas, con vistas a determinar la calidad de vida relativa a salud en la población urbana de Cuba. Las variables sociodemográficas utilizadas resultaron ser: edad, sexo y color de la piel; las del cuestionario genérico EuroQol: movilidad, cuidado personal, actividades cotidianas, dolor/malestar y ansiedad/depresión. La mayoría de las personas presentaron movilidad, cuidado personal y actividades cotidianas conservadas. Se concluye que los mestizos del sexo masculino menores de 45 años, mostraron mayor calidad de vida relativa a salud y que dicho cuestionario puede ser válido para describir este indicador en la citada población.

  15. Orígenes del movimiento de atención primaria de salud en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Rojas Ochoa

    2003-02-01

    Full Text Available Una búsqueda en la historia de las prestaciones de salud en Cuba que se puedan calificar como de atención primaria, encontrará algunos ejemplos en siglos pasados. Pero no es hasta la década que se inicia en 1960, cuando aparece un movimiento que crea y desarrolla con alcance nacional, con estructura y funciones claramente definidas y con recursos específicos que aseguran su sostenibilidad, un subsistema del Sistema Nacional de Salud que alcanza su madurez, con eficiencia y eficacia notables, en la última década del pasado siglo. En esta comunicación se expone el origen, los principios y los momentos relevantes del desarrollo en este subsistema en los últimos 40 años, así como su alcance actual y posibilidades futuras.A search into the history of the health services in Cuba that might be qualified as primary care services would reveal some examples in the past centuries; however, it was not until the 1960´s decade that there emerged a movement that created and developed a subsystem of the National Health Care System with nationwide scope, clearly defined functions and structures, and allocated resources for its sustainability. This subsystem reached its maturity with remarkable efficiency and efficacy in the last decade of the past century. This communication presents the origin, the principles and the most important instances of the development of this subsystem in the last 40 years as well as its present scope and future possibilities.

  16. The New 2001-2002 Term. Supreme Court Roundup.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Williams, Charles F.

    2001-01-01

    Discusses the issues addressed during the 2001-2002 term of the U.S. Supreme Court, which convened on October 1, 2001: (1) school vouchers; (2) affirmative action; (3) online pornography; and (4) the death penalty. (CMK)

  17. OFFICIAL HOLIDAYS IN 2001 AND END-OF-YEAR CLOSURE 2001/2002

    CERN Document Server

    Human Resources Division

    2001-01-01

    (Application of Articles R II 4.33 and R II ;4.34 of the Staff Regulations) Official holidays in 2001 (in addition to the end-of-year holidays) : Friday, 13th April (Good Friday) Monday, 16th April (Easter Monday) Tuesday, 1st May Thursday, 24th May (Ascension Day) Monday, 4th June (Whit Monday) Thursday, 6th September (Jeûne genevois) Annual closure of the site of the Organization and day of special leave granted by the Director-General : The Laboratory will be closed from Saturday, 22nd December 2001 to Sunday, 6th January 2002 inclusive (without deduction of annual leave). The first working day in the New Year will be Monday, 7th January 2002.

  18. Recaída y factores de riesgo asociados en pacientes con tuberculosis en Santiago de Cuba (2002-2008 Relapse and associated risk factors in patients with tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba (2002-2008

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanara Toledano Grave de Peralta

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y transversal de los 36 pacientes con recaídas por tuberculosis en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba desde el 2002 hasta el 2008, para caracterizarles según algunas variables clinicoepidemiológicas. Se observó que las recaídas tuvieron una tendencia ascendente, fundamentalmente en el municipio de Santiago de Cuba, con preponderancia en el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 60 años y más, las personas solteras y los que tenían nivel escolar primario y condiciones económicas regulares o malas. Se evidenció una inadmisible demora entre la fecha de inicio de los síntomas y la confirmación del diagnóstico, por lo que se recomendó mantener como prioridades la vigilancia y el control del Programa Nacional de Tuberculosis en la comunidad, de manera que permita disminuir la prevalencia de recaída por esta enfermedad en el territorio.A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 36 patients with relapses due to tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba province from 2002 to 2008, to characterize them according to some clinical and epidemiological variables. It was observed that relapses had an upward tendency, mainly in Santiago de Cuba municipality, with predominance in male sex, in the age group of 60 years and over, single people and those that had primary school level and middling or bad economic status. An inadmissible delay was evidenced between the date of beginning of the symptoms and the confirmation of the diagnosis, thus recommending to maintain as priorities the surveillance and control of the National Program of Tuberculosis in the community, so that it allows to reduce prevalence of relapses due to this condition in the territory.

  19. Millisteks kujunevad majandusaastad 2001 ja 2002? : maailmamajandus on edukas, kuid natuke jahtunum / Lembo Tanning

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Tanning, Lembo

    2001-01-01

    Maailmamajanduse prognoosid OECD-lt, IMF-lt ja Eurostatilt aastateks 2001 ja 2002. Tabelid ja diagrammid: töötuse määr aastatel 2000-2002; maailma kogutoodangu kasv, 1982-2001; maailma valitud riikide ja regioonide kogutoodangu kasv, 2001; inflatsioon, 2000-2002

  20. JAERI tandem annual report 2001. April 1, 2001 - March 31, 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Takeuchi, Suehiro; Ikezoe, Hiroshi; Chiba, Satoshi; Nagame, Yuichiro; Sataka, Masao; Iwamoto, Akira (eds.) [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment

    2002-11-01

    This annual report describes research activities which have been performed with the JAERI tandem accelerator and the Van de Graaff accelerator from April 1, 2001 to March 31, 2002. Summary reports of 48 papers, and lists of publication, personnel and cooperative research with universities are contained. (author)

  1. Condiciones de trabajo saludables. Análisis de los estudios realizados en Colombia y Europa en el periodo 2002-2012

    OpenAIRE

    Leal Mejia, Carolina

    2013-01-01

    INTRODUCCIÓN. El presente trabajo explora las condiciones de trabajo saludables más frecuentemente estudiadas en Colombia y Europa en el período 2002 a 2012. OBJETIVO. Este trabajo busca definir los avances en investigación de las condiciones de trabajo saludables que presentaron Colombia y Europa en el período 2002 a 2012, a través de: el análisis del concepto de salud en el trabajo desde diferentes enfoques e investigaciones; el análisis los modelos sobre condiciones saludables en el trabaj...

  2. Atmospheric deposition of 137Cs between 1994 and 2002 at Cienfuegos, Cuba

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alonso-Hernandez, C.M.; Cartas-Aguila, H.; Diaz-Asencio, M.; Munoz-Caravaca, A.; Martin-Perez, J.; Sibello-Hernandez, R.

    2006-01-01

    Levels of 137 Cs in total atmospheric deposition have been measured in the Cienfuegos region (Cuba) between 1994 and 2002. Samples were collected every three months, evaporated to dryness to obtain residual samples, and measured by gamma spectrometry. The 137 Cs mean concentration in total deposition was 0.24 Bq m -2 and data ranged between -2 . Precipitation rates and raintime have proved to be the most important factors controlling the concentration and depositional flux of 137 Cs in the atmosphere over Cienfuegos, showing a high correlation coefficient (R = 0.93)

  3. Het influenzaseizoen 2001/'02 en de vaccinsamenstelling voor het seizoen 2002/'03.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rimmelzwaan, G.F.; Jong, J.C. de; Bartelds, A.I.M.; Fouchier, R.A.M.; Wilbrink, B.; Osterhaus, A.D.M.E.

    2002-01-01

    The epidemic in the influenza season 2001/2002 was of moderate activity just like in 2000/2001. The influenza epidemic started in week 2 of 2002 when the clinical influenza activity reported by the general practitioner network of the Netherlands Institute of Primary Health Care (NIVEL) increased.

  4. Prevención del suicidio en adolescentes de un área de salud de Santiago de Cuba

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Almaguer, Flavia; Mok Olmo, Yasmín; Cuervo Bello, Licet; Rodríguez Arias, Orestes Dominador

    2013-01-01

    Se realizó una investigación exploratoria en algunos miembros del personal sanitario (una psicóloga y 6 médicos de familia) perteneciente al área de salud del Policlínico Universitario "Julián Grimau García" de Santiago de Cuba, de diciembre de 2011 a marzo de 2012, que presentó los índices más elevados de intento de suicidio en la adolescencia durante el 2011, a fin de determinar los problemas existentes en la prevención de ese comportamiento, para lo cual se utilizó la metodología cualitati...

  5. Israel Seminar 2001-2002

    CERN Document Server

    Schechtman, Gideon

    2003-01-01

    The proceedings of the Israeli GAFA seminar on Geometric Aspect of Functional Analysis during the years 2001-2002 follow the long tradition of the previous volumes. They continue to reflect the general trends of the Theory. Several papers deal with the slicing problem and its relatives. Some deal with the concentration phenomenon and related topics. In many of the papers there is a deep interplay between Probability and Convexity. The volume contains also a profound study on approximating convex sets by randomly chosen polytopes and its relation to floating bodies, an important subject in Classical Convexity Theory. All the papers of this collection are original research papers.

  6. El ingreso en el hogar y su costo directo en Cuba The direct costs of home care in Cuba

    OpenAIRE

    Isabel M. Barroso Utra; Anai García Fariñas; Armando Rodríguez Salvá; Pol de Vos; Mariano Bonet Gorbea; Patrick Van Der Stuyft

    2007-01-01

    OBJETIVOS: Analizar el tiempo de estadía en ingreso en el hogar (IH) y su costo diario y por paciente en Cuba, según el diagnóstico al ingreso y la zona donde se brinda el servicio. MÉTODOS: Se analizó la información de los 837 pacientes en IH entre julio de 2001 y junio de 2002 en un área del municipio Playa, en Ciudad de La Habana (zona urbana metropolitana), una del municipio Cruces, en Cienfuegos (zona urbana no metropolitana), otra del Municipio Unión de Reyes, en Matanzas (zona rural) y...

  7. 2001-2002 carbon dioxide emissions in OECD

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-11-01

    This document provides carbon dioxide emissions data, from energy uses and production, from 2001 to 2002 in the OECD. It concerns the climate corrected CO 2 emissions in France, the non corrected CO 2 emissions (M tons), the emissions intensity / the Gross Domestic Product and the emissions intensity / the population (tons per inhabitant). (A.L.B.)

  8. Los efectos de las transformaciones del sistema público de salud sobre la equidad en México, 1995-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nivaldo Linares Pérez

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio es identificar los posibles efectos que sobre la equidad en salud pueden ser vinculados con las "intervenciones de reforma" desarrolladas en México durante 1995 y 2002. Se analizaron las desigualdades en salud entre las entidades federativas del país y se identificaron aquellas que constituyen inequidades. La medición de las desigualdades en salud se hizo a través del Índice de Inequidades en Salud (INIQUIS con ayuda del paquete EPIDAT 3.1. El análisis de la inequidad incluyó la comparación de los indicadores sobre resultados de salud y acceso a servicios con indicadores básicos del mismo tipo para América Latina y la valoración de las desigualdades que aludían a evitabilidad, injusticia e inaceptabilidad según los criterios reconocidos de la definición de inequidad. Los valores del INIQUIS mostraron que la desigualdad relativa global entre los estados del país tuvo un incremento superior al 30% entre 1995 y 2002. La desigualdad relativa en las condiciones de vida disminuyó 12%; mientras que en los resultados de salud y en el acceso a servicios se incrementó en 30% y 10% respectivamente. El comportamiento del INIQUIS sugirió que los niveles de desigualdad-inequidad en salud entre las entidades federativas no parecen haber sido influidas significativamente por las intervenciones de la reforma sanitaria desarrolladas en México entre 1995 y 2002.

  9. La vida fetal: riesgos de expulsión y permanencia en útero. Cuba, 1998-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Herrera León, Lorenzo I.

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo se propone como objetivo determinar el patrón y nivel de los componentes del embarazo desde la óptica de un proceso temporal y continuo de cambios de estados. Dichos componentes son los riesgos de expulsión y la permanencia en útero del producto de la concepción, expresados en función de la edad gestacional. También se ha incursionado en la identificación de factores de riesgo para la mortalidad fetal. La información utilizada corresponde al período 1998-2002 y proviene de los registros vitales de nacimientos y defunciones fetales, de la Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas y del Ministerio de Salud Pública respectivamente, de la República de Cuba. Con dicha información, se reconstruyeron cohortes de embarazos y fue factible el diseño de tablas de vida así como el ajuste de modelos de regresión de riesgos proporcionales tipo Cox. Los resultados apuntan a señalar en primer lugar que los riesgos de expulsión y la permanencia en útero del producto de la concepción no han sufrido cambios importantes en el período estudiado. Asimismo se constató, que las diferencias más acentuadas en estos dos aspectos se observan cuando el análisis se realiza incluyendo factores tales como el bajo peso y la experiencia previa de mortalidad fetal de la gestante, que por añadidura constituyen fuertes factores de riesgo para la mortalidad fetal.

  10. Comparação das estimativas de prevalência de indicadores de saúde no Município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, nos anos de 2001/2002 (ISA-SP e 2008/2009 (ISA-Camp Comparación de las estimaciones de prevalencia en los indicadores de salud en Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, durante los años 2001/2002 (ISA-SP y 2008/2009 (ISA-Camp Comparison of prevalence estimates for health indicators in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2001-2002 (ISA-SP and 2008-2009 (ISA-Camp

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chester Luis Galvão César

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi comparar estimativas da prevalência de indicadores de saúde para adultos residentes em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, utilizando dados de inquéritos domiciliares realizados em diferentes períodos de tempo (ISA-SP 2001/2002 e ISA-Camp 2008/2009, com amostras de 941 e 2.637 indivíduos de 18 anos e mais, respectivamente. Variáveis sociodemográficas caracterizaram a população estudada. Foram estimadas prevalências e seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança e as comparações foram realizadas pelas razões de prevalência ajustadas por sexo, idade e escolaridade, obtidas pela regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram observadas para as prevalências de: morbidade referida, uso de medicamentos, percentual dos que nunca fumaram, realização dos exames de Papanicolaou e de mamografia, alguma vez na vida. O acompanhamento de indicadores de saúde por inquéritos repetidos em uma mesma população pode facilitar o monitoramento de objetivos e metas fornecendo subsídios ao planejamento de ações em saúde.El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las estimaciones de prevalencia en los indicadores de salud para los adultos que viven en Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, con datos de encuestas de diferentes períodos de tiempo (ISA-SP 2001/2002 y ISA-Camp 2008/2009, con muestras de 941 y 2.637 personas de 18 años y más, respectivamente. Las variables sociodemográficas caracterizaron a la población de estudio. Se estimaron la prevalencia y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95% y las comparaciones se realizaron por razones de prevalencia ajustadas por sexo, edad y educación, obtenidas mediante la regresión de Poisson. Se observaron diferencias estadísticas en la prevalencia de morbilidad, uso de medicamentos, el porcentaje de quienes nunca habían fumado, la realización de citologías vaginales y mamografías, en algún momento de sus vidas. El seguimiento

  11. Estrés psicosocial laboral en embarazadas del sector de la salud de Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba 2005-2006

    OpenAIRE

    María de Lourdes Marrero; María de los Angeles Aguilera; María Guadalupe Aldrete

    2008-01-01

    Objetivos. Evaluar el nivel el nivel de estrés psicosocial laboral según los modelos demanda-control de la tensión laboral y desbalance esfuerzo-recompensa; y determinar asociaciones entre el estrés psicosocial laboral y trastornos del embarazo. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de cohorte prospectivo con 78 trabajadoras embarazadas del sector de la salud, en un municipio de la ciudad de La Habana, Cuba, en el periodo 2005-2006. Las encuestadas respondieron una versión al español del Job Content ...

  12. Annual Energy Balance Sheets 2001-2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-01-01

    During the year 2002 the primary supply of energy reached 629 TWh, which is 7.7 TWh less than 2001. The decrease originates mainly from the reduced electricity production from water power. Also the electricity production in nuclear power plants decreased by 4.5 TWh. If we were to look at the supplied energy for final consumption we will find a slightly rise by 1.8 TWh. The year 2002 was warmer than a 'normal' year and that consequently brings lower energy needs. Compared with 2001, 2002 was not warmer and a net electricity import of 5.4 TWh covered the energy needs. The energy use increased by 3.3 TWh between 2002 and 2001. The industry sector shows the largest rise by 2.9 TWh, nearly 2 per cent. Within that sector, energy from biomass fuel had a rise by 6.7 per cent. The household sector decreases its energy use by 2.7 per cent, and oil and electricity show the largest decrease. The proportionately high electricity price probably had a slowing down effect on the electricity use. The balance sheets of energy sources are showing the total supply and consumption of energy sources expressed in original units, i.e. units recorded in the primary statistics - mainly commercial units. The production of derived energy commodities is recorded on the supply - side of the balance sheets of energy sources, which is not the case in the energy balance sheets. The balance sheets of energy sources also include specifications of input--output and energy consumption in energy conversion industries. The energy balance sheets are based on primary data recorded in the balance sheets of energy sources, here expressed in a common energy unit, TJ. The production of derived energy is recorded in a second flow-step comprising energy turnover in energy conversion and is also specified in complementary input - output tables for energy conversion industries. The following items are shown in the energy balance sheets. 1.1 Inland supply of primary energy; 1.3 Import; 1.4 Export; 1.5 Changes in

  13. Annual report of Kansai Research Establishment 2001. April 1, 2001 - March 31, 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tajima, Toshiki; Harami, Taikan; Kawanishi, Shun-ichi (eds.) [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Kansai Research Establishment, Kizu, Kyoto (JP)] [and others

    2003-02-01

    This report is the third issue of the annual report of Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. It covers status reports of R and D and results of experiments conducted at the Advanced Photon Research Center and the Synchrotron Radiation Research Center during the period from April 1, 2001 to March 31, 2002. (author)

  14. Toppling the Taliban: Air-Ground Operations in Afghanistan, October 2001-June 2002

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-01-01

    al Qaeda training camps 17 Benjamin and Simon, 2002, p. 268. 18 Alan Cullison and Andrew Higgins , “A Once Stormy Terror Was Solidified by Cruise...December 11, 2001c. 23 Philip Smucker, “Dissent Grows in Caves of Tora Bora,” Christian Science Monitor, December 11, 2001a. 24 Chris Tomlinson, “U.S...Herald Tribune, December 11, 2001; Glasser, 2001c. 28 Chris Tomlinson, “Afghan Fighters Advance on Tora Bora,” Associated Press, December 11, 2001b

  15. Progress report 2001-2002; Rapport d'activite 2001-2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2003-07-01

    The document reviews the activities of the linear accelerator laboratory (LAL) for the years 2001 and 2002. Most part of these activities are active collaborations in international programs. Some experimental programs like Aleph (apparatus for Lep physics) and Delphi (detector with lepton, photon, and hadron identification) at the Lep (CERN) or Na48 (search for direct violation of the CP invariance) have entered their last stage. Others like H1 (electron-positron experiment at Hera), Babar (measurement of CP violation in the B{sup 0}B-bar{sup 0} system) at Slac (Stanford), or D0 (search for new particles at the Tevatron) at Fermilab, are fully operating and this document describes the contribution of the LAL for each of them. The preparation of experiments for the future LHC has represented the core of LAL's technical activities. This document reviews these activities and achievements for the Atlas (air toroid LHC apparatus system) and LHCB (large hadron collider beauty) experiments. The LAL is also involved in the definition of the future high energy linear electron-positron collider (FLC). The LAL contributes to some experiments of neutrino physics through Nemo (violation of the lepton charge) and Opera (neutrino oscillations) experiments and to various astro-particles experiments such as Eros (micro-lensing effect), Archeops and Planck (cosmology), Virgo (gravitation waves) and Auger (very high energy particles showers). Another important part of LAL's activities is teaching activity mainly inside the curriculum of Paris-sud university. (A.C.)

  16. Strengthening the Radiation Protection System in Cuba (SRPS - Cuba). A co-operation project between Cuban and Swedish institutions, February 2001 - June 2003

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Avila, Rodolfo; Larsson, Carl-Magnus; Prendes, Miguel; Zerquera, Juan Tomas

    2004-02-01

    This project results from the co-operation between a number of Cuban and Swedish institutions. It started in February 2001 and ended in June 2003 and was made possible thanks to the contributions of the Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency (SIDA), the Centro de Proteccion e Higiene de las Radiaciones, Cuba (CPHR), and the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSI). The overall objective was to strengthen the radiation protection system in Cuba, and in this way contribute with the control and reduction of risks to man and the environment from exposures to ionizing radiation. The project focused on four priority areas: 1) Protection of workers and patients exposed to radiation in radiation practices; 2) Preparedness for response to an emergency situation; 3) Environmental radiological protection; and, 4) Exposure to radiation in areas with high levels of natural radioactivity. The present report summarizes the findings of the whole project period, providing an overview of the overall achievements, as well as listing its deliverables. The results of an evaluation of the project, conducted during the final workshop, are also included. The report ends with a list of generic and specific conclusions and recommendations for implementation of the project's achievements and for further development of co-operation

  17. Strengthening the Radiation Protection System in Cuba (SRPS - Cuba). A co-operation project between Cuban and Swedish institutions, February 2001 - June 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Avila, Rodolfo; Larsson, Carl-Magnus; Prendes, Miguel; Zerquera, Juan Tomas

    2004-02-01

    This project results from the co-operation between a number of Cuban and Swedish institutions. It started in February 2001 and ended in June 2003 and was made possible thanks to the contributions of the Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency (SIDA), the Centro de Proteccion e Higiene de las Radiaciones, Cuba (CPHR), and the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSI). The overall objective was to strengthen the radiation protection system in Cuba, and in this way contribute with the control and reduction of risks to man and the environment from exposures to ionizing radiation. The project focused on four priority areas: 1) Protection of workers and patients exposed to radiation in radiation practices; 2) Preparedness for response to an emergency situation; 3) Environmental radiological protection; and, 4) Exposure to radiation in areas with high levels of natural radioactivity. The present report summarizes the findings of the whole project period, providing an overview of the overall achievements, as well as listing its deliverables. The results of an evaluation of the project, conducted during the final workshop, are also included. The report ends with a list of generic and specific conclusions and recommendations for implementation of the project's achievements and for further development of co-operation.

  18. The General Safety Group Annual Report 2001/2002

    CERN Document Server

    Weingarten, W

    2003-01-01

    This report summarizes the main activities of the General Safety (GS) Group of the Technical Inspection and Safety Division during 2001 and 2002, and the results obtained. The different topics in which the group is active are covered: general safety inspections and ergonomics, electrical, chemical and gas safety, chemical pollution containment and control, industrial hygiene, the safety of civil engineering works and outside contractors, fire prevention and the safety aspects of the LHC experiments.

  19. International petroleum agreements : Republic of Cuba

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Skinner, M.A.

    2002-01-01

    Foreign investment in the oil and gas sector has had a profound impact on the development of crude oil production in Cuba. In 1982, in order to encourage economic development, the Cuban government adopted a form of Production Sharing Contract (PSC) for international petroleum agreements. In 1990, the first PSC was negotiated with a consortium of European companies. This was followed in 1992 through 1994 with companies from Canada, Europe and Latin America. Then in 1995, a more comprehensive foreign investment law was enacted to further encourage foreign investment in Cuba. Onshore and shallow water regions of Cuba were divided into 45 blocks, 19 of which were under licence in 2001. In addition, in 1999 the government of Cuba offered 53 blocks in the deep water zones of the Cuban sector of the Gulf of Mexico to foreign investment, of which 6 are already under licence. Most exploration for oil and gas since 1991 has been carried out by foreign companies. Crude oil production in 1991 totalled 11,000 bopd of heavy oil production from the north coast of Cuba. By 2001, domestic crude oil production increased to more than 50,000 bopd, mostly due to foreign investment in exploration and development. This paper described the model form for Cuban Production Sharing Contracts with reference to parties, rights granted, terms, relinquishments, minimum exploration commitments, discovery of hydrocarbons and recovery of petroleum operation expenses. The paper also discussed gross production, cost recovery for contractors, and sharing of profits with contractors and the state oil company, CubaPetroleo. 1 fig

  20. Annual report of JMTR, No.16. FY2001. April 1, 2001 - March 31, 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2003-03-01

    During the FY2001 (April 2001 to March 2002), the JMTR (Japan Materials Testing Reactor) was operated in 5 operation cycles (113 days) for irradiation studies on the IASCC of the LWR materials, development of fusion blanket materials, radioisotope productions, and so on. The total number of capsules and hydraulic rabbits irradiated were 105 and 59, respectively. Technology development programs were conducted in the following fields. As concerning to the IASCC studies, an advanced water control system and saturation temperature capsules' were developed and installed in the JMTR, and the performance tests were carried out. Also a crack growth testing device for irradiated specimens was developed and installed in the hot laboratories. An efficient recycle process of {sup 6}Li was developed for the production of pebble type tritium breeder material, and the properties of beryllides were examined, both for the development of fusion reactor blanket. This report summarizes these activities performed in the department of JMTR during the FY2001. (author)

  1. Water Science and Technology Board Annual Report 2001-2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    None, None

    2002-10-01

    This annual report marks the twentieth anniversary of the Water Science and Technology Board (WSTB) (1982-2002). The WSTB oversees studies of water issues. The principal products of studies are written reports. These reports cover a wide range of water resources issues of national concern. The following three recently issued reports illustrate the scope of the WSTB's studies: Envisioning the Agenda for Water Resources Research in the Twenty-first Century. The Missouri River Ecosystem: Exploring the Prospects for Recovery, and Assessing the TMDL Approach to Water Quality Management. The WSTB generally meets three times each year where discussions are held on ongoing projects, strategic planning, and developing new initiatives. The meetings also foster communication within the water resources community. The annual report includes a discussion on current studies, completed studies 2001-2002, and future plans, as well as a listing of published reports (1983-2002).

  2. Progress report 2001-2002; Rapport d'activite 2001-2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2003-07-01

    The document reviews the activities of the linear accelerator laboratory (LAL) for the years 2001 and 2002. Most part of these activities are active collaborations in international programs. Some experimental programs like Aleph (apparatus for Lep physics) and Delphi (detector with lepton, photon, and hadron identification) at the Lep (CERN) or Na48 (search for direct violation of the CP invariance) have entered their last stage. Others like H1 (electron-positron experiment at Hera), Babar (measurement of CP violation in the B{sup 0}B-bar{sup 0} system) at Slac (Stanford), or D0 (search for new particles at the Tevatron) at Fermilab, are fully operating and this document describes the contribution of the LAL for each of them. The preparation of experiments for the future LHC has represented the core of LAL's technical activities. This document reviews these activities and achievements for the Atlas (air toroid LHC apparatus system) and LHCB (large hadron collider beauty) experiments. The LAL is also involved in the definition of the future high energy linear electron-positron collider (FLC). The LAL contributes to some experiments of neutrino physics through Nemo (violation of the lepton charge) and Opera (neutrino oscillations) experiments and to various astro-particles experiments such as Eros (micro-lensing effect), Archeops and Planck (cosmology), Virgo (gravitation waves) and Auger (very high energy particles showers). Another important part of LAL's activities is teaching activity mainly inside the curriculum of Paris-sud university. (A.C.)

  3. 2001-2002 carbon dioxide emissions in OECD; Emissions de CO{sub 2} dues a l'energie dans l'OCDE en 2001-2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-11-01

    This document provides carbon dioxide emissions data, from energy uses and production, from 2001 to 2002 in the OECD. It concerns the climate corrected CO{sub 2} emissions in France, the non corrected CO{sub 2} emissions (M tons), the emissions intensity / the Gross Domestic Product and the emissions intensity / the population (tons per inhabitant). (A.L.B.)

  4. IFIN-HH, Scientific Report 2001 - 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oancea, Margareta; Schiaua, Claudiu; Grecu, Dan; Dumitriu, Marinela

    2003-01-01

    The annual report of the Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH on 2001-2002 presents progress reports in the fields of Theoretical Physics (Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Mathematical Physics, Field Theory and Elementary Particles, Computational Physics (Physics of Information) and Solid State Physics), Nuclear Physics (Nuclear Structure, Nuclear Reaction, Atomic Physics, Cosmic Rays and Nuclear Astrophysics, Inertial Fusion, Physics of Neutrons and Nuclear Transmutation, Nuclear Instruments and Methods), Particle Physics, Health and Environmental Physics, Applied Physics, Tracers, Radiopharmaceuticals and Radiometry, Waste Management and Site Restoration and Standardization. Appendices are added listing the publications in journals, books and preprints, participations in international conferences and scientific exchanges (foreign visitors, visits abroad, seminars abroad). Finally, the Institute directorate and research staff are listed

  5. Progress report on neutron scattering research. April 1, 2001 - March 31, 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Katano, Susumu; Koizumi, Satoshi; Matsuda, Masaaki (eds.) [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment

    2002-11-01

    This issue summarizes research progress in neutron scattering at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) by utilizing the research reactor JRR-3M during the period between April 1, 2001 and March 31, 2002. (author)

  6. CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL TALENTO HUMANO EN SALUD ORAL POR ESPECIALIDADES EN EGRESADOS EN BOGOTA: 2001-2010

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fredy Fabian Pardo Romero

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Para determinar la distribución de egresados de especialidades clínicas en salud oral de acuerdo al sexo, universidad que otorgó el título, intensidad, duración de los programas y número de habitantes en Bogotá por especialista, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, tomando la información disponible en fuentes secundarias, principalmente el Observatorio Laboral del Ministerio de Educación  Nacional y las páginas web de las Universidades que ofertan posgrados clínicos en salud oral en Bogotá. En la década 2001-2010 se graduaron en Bogotá 2.666 especialistas de los diferentes posgrados clínicos en Salud Oral, ofertados por nueve universidades. De estos, 931(35% se graduaron en la especialidad de “Ortodoncia”; 545(20% se graduaron de Endodoncia y 365 (14% de “Rehabilitación oral”. Esta información puede brindar elementos de juicio a muchos odontólogos que desean seguir capacitándose y a las Universidades que desean ofertar nuevos programas clínicos en salud oral y a las instituciones encargadas de ejercer la rectoría en regulación de la formación de talento humano en salud.

  7. CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL TALENTO HUMANO EN SALUD ORAL POR ESPECIALIDADES EN EGRESADOS EN BOGOTA: 2001-2010

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fredy Fabian Pardo Romero

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Para determinar la distribución de egresados de especialidades clínicas en salud oral de acuerdo al sexo, universidad que otorgó el título, intensidad, duración de los programas y número de habitantes en Bogotá por especialista, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, tomando la información disponible en fuentes secundarias, principalmente el Observatorio Laboral del Ministerio de Educación  Nacional y las páginas web de las Universidades que ofertan posgrados clínicos en salud oral en Bogotá. En la década 2001-2010 se graduaron en Bogotá 2.666 especialistas de los diferentes posgrados clínicos en Salud Oral, ofertados por nueve universidades. De estos, 931(35% se graduaron en la especialidad de “Ortodoncia”; 545(20% se graduaron de Endodoncia y 365 (14% de “Rehabilitación oral”. Esta información puede brindar elementos de juicio a muchos odontólogos que desean seguir capacitándose y a las Universidades que desean ofertar nuevos programas clínicos en salud oral y a las instituciones encargadas de ejercer la rectoría en regulación de la formación de talento humano en salud.

  8. Solar Activity, Ultraviolet Radiation and Consequences in Birds in Mexico City, 2001- 2002

    Science.gov (United States)

    Valdes, M.; Velasco, V.

    2008-12-01

    Anomalous behavior in commercial and pet birds in Mexico City was reported during 2002 by veterinarians at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. This was attributed to variations in the surrounding luminosity. The solar components, direct, diffuse, global, ultraviolet band A and B, as well as some meteorological parameters, temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation, were then analyzed at the Solar Radiation Laboratory. Although the total annual radiance of the previously mentioned radiation components did not show important changes, ultraviolet Band-B solar radiation did vary significantly. During 2001 the total annual irradiance , 61.05 Hjcm² to 58.32 Hjcm², was 1.6 standard deviations lower than one year later, in 2002 and increased above the mean total annual irradiance, to 65.75 Hjcm², 2.04 standard deviations, giving a total of 3.73 standard deviations for 2001-2002. Since these differences did not show up clearly in the other solar radiation components, daily extra-atmosphere irradiance was analyzed and used to calculate the total annual extra-atmosphere irradiance, which showed a descent for 2001. Our conclusions imply that Ultraviolet Band-B solar radiation is representative of solar activity and has an important impact on commercial activity related with birds.

  9. Los sistemas de salud de Cuba y Uruguay en el contexto de América Latina: una reflexión Uruguayan and Cuban public health systems in the Latin American context: a consideration

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Sans

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Se parte del análisis de diferentes factores socioeconómicos que han incidido en los sistemas de salud de América Latina, como la aplicación del modelo económico neoliberal y el proceso de globalización, que hacen que la salud sea vista como una mercancía. Posteriormente, se discute en qué medida estos factores inciden en diversos sectores de la población, y cómo afectan a la salud como bien colectivo; asimismo, se examinan los problemas que emanan de la privatización de la salud, y qué sucede cuando el Estado pierde su rol de garante de la seguridad social. Se analizan indicadores de salud de América Latina, realizándose estudios de correlación para visualizar sus asociaciones. De estos datos se concluye que los indicadores de salud están determinados en gran medida por los factores socioeconómicos; y que la práctica sanitaria debe centrarse en la atención primaria y de la educación en salud. Por último, se consideran en particular los casos de Uruguay y Cuba, dos ejemplos de buen desempeño en salud aunque con grandes diferencias históricas y de políticas de salud.At first, we analyze different socio-economic factors involved in the Latin American health systems, as the application of the neoliberal economic model and the globalization process; these factors make health to be seen as a merchandise. We discuss to what extent the diverse population groups are affected by the socio-economic factors, and how the latter can harm health as a collective good. Also, we consider the problems caused by the privatization of health, and what happens when the State looses its role as responsible for social security. In a second part, we analize health indicators in Latin America, and make correlation studies to determine associations among them. From the results it is possible to conclude that the health indicators are determined to a great extent by socio-economic factors, and that the health practice should be focused in primary

  10. A review of fast reactor program in Japan (April 2001 - March 2002)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nagata, T.; Ieda, Y.

    2002-01-01

    This report describes the research and development activities on fast reactors in Japan thru April 2001 to March 2002. In December 2001, the Cabinet decided the Plan for Reorganization of Government-funded Corporations including the merger of JNC and the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). A law to set up a new entity is supposed to be submitted to the National Diet by the Japanese Fiscal Year (JFY) 2004. In the Experimental Fast Reactor Joyo, thirty-five duty cycle operations and thirteen special tests with the MK-II core were completed by June 2000 without any fuel pin failures or serious plant trouble. The reactor is currently being upgraded to the MK-III core. Though a fire broke out in the maintenance building of Joyo in October 2001, the Mk-III construction work was restarted in February 2002. In the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Monju, countermeasures against sodium leakage have already been drawn up based on Monju comprehensive safety review. The safety licensing examination for the plant modification of Monju is undergoing. As for the Feasibility Study on Commercialized Fast Reactor Cycle Systems, JFY2001 was the first year of its second phase. A three-year period from JFY2001 to 2003 is the initial term of this phase. During this term, research activities are being focused on the design of the candidate concepts and fundamental tests of key technologies. An interim summary of these activities will be checked and reviewed, and based on the results; the research for JFY 2004 to 2005 will be conducted in order to narrow down the number of alternatives for the fast reactor cycle. (author)

  11. United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries. Annual report February 1, 2001 - January 31, 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ehrhart, Susan M.; Filipy, Ronald E.

    2002-01-01

    This report documents the activities of the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR) from February 2001 through January 2002. Progress in continuing collaborations and several new collaborations is reviewed

  12. United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries. Annual report February 1, 2001--January 31, 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ehrhart, Susan M. (ed.); Filipy, Ronald E. (ed)

    2002-07-01

    This report documents the activities of the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR) from February 2001 through January 2002. Progress in continuing collaborations and several new collaborations is reviewed.

  13. Ingesta de alimentos, energía y nutrientes en la población de 5 a 12 años de la Comunidad de Madrid: resultados de la encuesta de nutrición infantil 2001-2002.

    OpenAIRE

    Lucía Díez-Gañán; Iñaki Galán Labaca; Carmen María León Domínguez; Ana Gandarillas Grande; Belén Zorrilla Torras; Francisca Alcaraz Cebrián

    2007-01-01

    Fundamento: Para conocer la situación alimentaria y nutricional en la población infantil, sobre la que no existía información actualizada, el Instituto de Salud Pública desarrolló la Encuesta de Nutrición Infantil de la Comunidad de Madrid 2001/2002 (ENICM). En este trabajo se analiza la ENICM para describir y evaluar la ingesta de alimentos, energía y nutrientes en esta población. Métodos: Estudio transversal sobre una muestra representativa de la población de 5-12 años ...

  14. El Programa de Medicina Transfusional de Cuba The Transfusion Medicine Program in Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José M. Ballester Santovenia

    2003-03-01

    Full Text Available Cuba's Transfusion Medicine Program (TMP is a subsystem of the country's National Health System. The TMP's objective is to ensure hemotherapy with blood that is safe and sufficient for all the individuals who need it. The TMP subsystem is made up of the National Commission on Transfusion Medicine, the Institute of Hematology and Immunology, 37 clinical services, 44 blood banks, 120 collection centers, 19 mobile units, and 37 blood certification laboratories. Additional facilities include a laboratory for plasma separation, a laboratory that produces leukocyte interferon and transfer factor, and two laboratories that produce reagents for blood classification and blood diagnosis systems. In Cuba, blood donation is voluntary. Since 1997 approximately 5% of the population per year has donated blood, thus meeting the goal recommended by the Pan American Health Organization of one voluntary blood donation annually for every 20 persons. During 2002, 563 204 blood donations were received, and there were 445 898 transfusions of blood or blood components. All donations are individually screened for HIV 1 and 2, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis, thus meeting the country's current regulations. In 2002 these screening measures led to discarding, respectively, 0.12%, 0.60%, 0.71%, and 1.8% of the blood donations. Although the prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus I and II in Cuba is very low, this test will soon be added to the screening process.

  15. Overview of the main economic indicators in 1993-2000 and forecast for 2001-2002

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2002-01-01

    Ülevaade indikaatoritest: sisemajanduse koguprodukt, tarbijahinnaindeks, väliskaubandus, tööhõive, tööstustoodang, elanike sissetulekud. Diagrammid ja tabel: tähtsamad majandusindikaatorid ja nende prognoos 2001. ja 2002. a.

  16. Progress report 2001-2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-01-01

    The document reviews the activities of the linear accelerator laboratory (LAL) for the years 2001 and 2002. Most part of these activities are active collaborations in international programs. Some experimental programs like Aleph (apparatus for Lep physics) and Delphi (detector with lepton, photon, and hadron identification) at the Lep (CERN) or Na48 (search for direct violation of the CP invariance) have entered their last stage. Others like H1 (electron-positron experiment at Hera), Babar (measurement of CP violation in the B 0 B-bar 0 system) at Slac (Stanford), or D0 (search for new particles at the Tevatron) at Fermilab, are fully operating and this document describes the contribution of the LAL for each of them. The preparation of experiments for the future LHC has represented the core of LAL's technical activities. This document reviews these activities and achievements for the Atlas (air toroid LHC apparatus system) and LHCB (large hadron collider beauty) experiments. The LAL is also involved in the definition of the future high energy linear electron-positron collider (FLC). The LAL contributes to some experiments of neutrino physics through Nemo (violation of the lepton charge) and Opera (neutrino oscillations) experiments and to various astro-particles experiments such as Eros (micro-lensing effect), Archeops and Planck (cosmology), Virgo (gravitation waves) and Auger (very high energy particles showers). Another important part of LAL's activities is teaching activity mainly inside the curriculum of Paris-sud university. (A.C.)

  17. Estonie 2001-2002 : turbulences politiques a la veille des grands rendez-vous internationaux / Antoine Chalvin, Juliette Déplanque

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Chalvin, Antoine

    2002-01-01

    Eesti sisepoliitikast aastal 2001 - 2002. Presidendivalimistele järgnenud valitsuskriisist, majandusnäitajatest, Eesti ja Prantsusmaa vahelistest majandussuhetest ning Eesti peatsest ühinemisest Euroopa Liiduga. Tabel: peamised majandusnäitajad Eestis aastatel 1994 - 2001. Lisad.

  18. Cognitive Functioning and the Probability of Falls among Seniors in Havana, Cuba

    Science.gov (United States)

    Trujillo, Antonio J.; Hyder, Adnan A.; Steinhardt, Laura C.

    2011-01-01

    This article explores the connection between cognitive functioning and falls among seniors (greater than or equal to 60 years of age) in Havana, Cuba, after controlling for observable characteristics. Using the SABE (Salud, Bienestar, and Envejecimiento) cross-sectional database, we used an econometric strategy that takes advantage of available…

  19. Promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad: comentarios a la Ley 715 de 2001

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edilma M. Suárez C.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available La actual política social de corte neoliberal ha dado origen a la ley 715 de 2001, que distribuye los recursos para educación y salud en un contexto de disciplina fiscal y recorte al gasto público, (redefiniendo la reasignación de recursos de la Nación a los entes territoriales. Dicha ley se queda corta en materia de indicadores socioeconómicos, así como de acciones en promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad, al poner énfasis en tan solo unos programas del Plan Obligatorio de Salud y al desconocer en la reasignación de recursos a los entes territoriales el retroceso en indicadores socioeconómicos y de desarrollo humano para Colombia.

  20. Duck Valley Habitat Enhancement and Protection, 2001-2002 Progress Report.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Allen, Mattie H.; Sellman, Jake (Shoshone-Paiute Nation, Duck Valley Indian Reservation, Owyhee, NV)

    2003-03-01

    The Duck Valley Indian Reservation's Habitat Enhancement project is an ongoing project designed to enhance and protect critical riparian areas, natural springs, the Owhyee River and its tributaries, and native fish spawning areas on the Reservation. The project commenced in 1997 and addresses the Northwest Power Planning Council's measures 10.8C.2, 10.8C.3, and 10.8C.5 of the 1994 Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program. The performance period covers dates from April 2001 through August 2002.

  1. Gestión del riesgo biológico y su integración con la Seguridad y Salud del Trabajo en el Centro de Inmunología y Biopreparados de Cuba Biohazard management and its integration into Labor Health at the Immunology and Bioproducts Centre in Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dailín Cobos Valdes

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available La evaluación de riesgos es útil para planificar y mejorar la Seguridad Biológica, el control de la calidad y la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, considerando el marco legal vigente en Cuba y la inspección constituye una parte importante de estos procesos. Con el objetivo de identificar y evaluar el riesgo biológico en el Centro de Inmunología y Biopreparados se realizó esta investigación. La misma incluyó la identificación del riesgo biológico en tres áreas, la evolución de inspecciones de Seguridad Biológica y las medidas correctivas recomendadas. Los resultados permitieron diseñar e implementar el Reglamento de Seguridad en el se integraron las funciones de Seguridad Biológica y Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo.Risk assessments are useful to plan and improve biological safety, quality control and in general health and safety at work, taking into account the legal framework in Cuba. Supervision is an important part of these processes. Research was done in order to identify and to evaluate the biohazard in the Immunology and Bioproducts Centre (CIBHO. It included the identification and risk assessment in three areas, the biological safety supervisions and its evolution and the corrective measures recommended. The results allowed to design and to implement a Safety Regulation which includes measures for biological safety and health and safety at work.

  2. Trends in Food Habits and Their Relation to Socioeconomic Status among Nordic Adolescents 2001/2002-2009/2010

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Fismen, Anne-Siri; Smith, Otto Robert Frans; Torsheim, Torbjørn

    2016-01-01

    , collected via three nationally representative and comparable questionnaire surveys in 2001/2002, 2005/2006 and 2009/2010. Food habits were identified by students' consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets and sugar sweetened soft drink. Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured with the Family Affluence Scale...... at national level. In recent years, social inequalities in food habits have been attracted particular governmental interest and several initiatives addressing the socioeconomic gradient in food habits have been highlighted. However, few internationally published studies have evaluated how trends....../2002-2005/2006 and was stable thereafter. Denmark displayed an increase between 2001/2002-2005/2006 followed by a similar decrease between 2005/2006-2009/2010 for both sweet and soft drink consumption. Socioeconomic inequalities in fruit and vegetable consumption were observed in all countries, with no cross...

  3. La economía de la salud, la eficiencia y el costo de oportunidad

    OpenAIRE

    Alberto Baly Gil; María Eugenia Toledo; Félix Rodríguez Jústiz

    2001-01-01

    Resumen La organización del sistema de salud en Cuba, que tiene como base la Atención Primaria de Salud, tendrá necesariamente que abordar el estudio y la implementación de la evaluación económica. La presente comunicación permite un acercamiento a conceptos relacionados con la Economía de la Salud. Se abordan las definiciones de economía, evaluación económica, eficiencia económica, costo, beneficio y costo de oportunidad, en el contexto de un ejemplo hipotético de un problema de salud en la ...

  4. International Atomic Energy Agency publications. Publications catalogue 2001-2002, including IAEA technical documents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2002-09-01

    This catalogue lists all sales publications of the IAEA issued and forthcoming between January 2001 and September 2002. Most Agency publications are issued in English, though some are also available in Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian or Spanish. The lists all publications by subject category, in alphabetical order within each category

  5. Medios y Salud Pública: La voz de los adolescentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz Neira Parra

    2002-05-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo es una parte del Informe Regional Venezolano de la investigación "Medios y Salud Pública: La Voz de los Adolescentes", Proyecto COMSALUD, auspiciado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS, la Federación Latinoamericana de Facultades de Comunicación Social (FELAFACS y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Fue realizado entre septiembre del 2001 y abril del 2002 en base al protocolo acordado por las 12 instituciones universitarias participantes de acuerdo a la planificación pautada en la ciudad de Ibarra, Ecuador en junio del 2001. La Universidad del Zulia, de Maracaibo, Venezuela, viene participando en el proyecto COMSALUD desde 19977con el "Estudio comparativo de mensajes relacionados con la salud en los medios masivos Latinoamericanos". En base al proyecto presentado por la OPS, esta etapa de la investigación se realizó por medio de la técnica de los grupos focales (investigación cualitativa a poblaciones de adolescentes de las áreas urbanas y y rurales del estado Zulia. Se realizaron 16 grupos focales en los cuales se convocaron adolescentes distribuidos por sexo, en dos grupos de edades y procedentes de los estratos socioeconómicos medio y bajo. Partiendo de la concepción de que los medios de comunicación social son una poderosa herrramienta de intervención social y como tal vehículos estratégicos para la difusión de mensajes sobre salud tendientes a incidir en el nivel de información y las actitudes de las audiencias a quienes van dirigidos. El propósito de la investigación es utilizar los resultados como insumos para el desarrollo de políticas públicas que propicien el diseño de programas de comunicación y salud dirigidos a adolescentes.

  6. La superación en el sector de la salud desde la teoría de la educación avanzada. Cuba. 2012-2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leticia Bustamante Alfonso

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Para los profesores que tienen como encargo la preparación de los cuadros y las reservas de la Salud Pública en Cuba, es imprescindible el mejoramiento profesional y humano en correspondencia con las exigencias del Sistema Nacional de Salud. En tal sentido, la autora se propuso como objetivo del presente trabajo investigativo diseñar una estrategia de superación para el mejoramiento profesional y humano de los profesores vinculados a la preparación de cuadros y reservas de la Salud Pública. Se realizó la caracterización del estado de la superación y del desempeño profesional pedagógico de estos profesores, se determinaron los problemas educativos, de investigación científica y de organización del trabajo que constituyeron la situación problémica en la superación. Mediante el proceso de parametrización empleado se determinó como variable el mejoramiento profesional y humano, se utilizaron métodos teóricos como el análisis documental, la sistematización entre otros y métodos empíricos como la encuesta, la entrevista y se consultó a los especialistas en el tema investigado. Se obtuvo una estrategia que ha propiciado el mejoramiento del desempeño profesional pedagógico de los referidos profesores. La estrategia diseñada sobre la base de las relaciones esenciales manifiestas entre las exigencias del Sistema Nacional de Salud y los postulados teóricos de la Pedagogía y de la Teoría de la Educación Avanzada, permitieron la factibilidad del mejoramiento profesional y humano de estos docentes.

  7. La economía de la salud, la eficiencia y el costo de oportunidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Baly Gil

    2001-08-01

    Full Text Available Resumen La organización del sistema de salud en Cuba, que tiene como base la Atención Primaria de Salud, tendrá necesariamente que abordar el estudio y la implementación de la evaluación económica. La presente comunicación permite un acercamiento a conceptos relacionados con la Economía de la Salud. Se abordan las definiciones de economía, evaluación económica, eficiencia económica, costo, beneficio y costo de oportunidad, en el contexto de un ejemplo hipotético de un problema de salud en la atención primaria. Se concluyó que el uso de la evaluación económica proporciona un marco de análisis más integral de los problemas de salud.Summary The organization of the health system in Cuba that is based on Primary Health Care will have to undertake the study and implementation of economic evaluation. The present communication allows to deal with concepts related to Health Economics. Definitions of economy, economic evaluation, economic efficiency, cost, and cost-benefit of opportunity are approached in the context of a hypothetical example of a health problem in primary care. It was concluded that the use of economic evaluation offers a more comprehensive framework for analyzing health problems.

  8. Annual report of Naka Fusion Research Establishment from April 1, 2001 to March 31, 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ando, Toshiro; Matsumoto, Hiroshi; Moriyama, Shinichi; Tanaka, Fumiya; Tuda, Takashi; Tsuji, Hiroshi (eds.) [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Naka, Ibaraki (Japan). Naka Fusion Research Establishment

    2002-11-01

    This report provides an overview of research and development activities at Naka Fusion Research Establishment, JAERI, including those performed in collaboration with other research establishments of JAERI, during the period from April 1, 2001 to March 31, 2002. The activities in the Naka Fusion Research Establishment are highlighted by high performance plasma researches in JT-60 and JFT-2M, and completion of ITER Engineering Design Activities (EDA) in July 2001, including technology R and D. (J.P.N.)

  9. The Indigenous World, 2001-2002 = El Mundo Indigena, 2001-2002.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vinding, Diana, Ed.; Wessendorff, Kathrin, Ed.; Parellada, Alejandro, Ed.; Erni, Christian, Ed.; Jensen, Marianne, Ed.; Garcia-Alix, Lola, Ed.

    This document contains the English and Spanish texts of an annual publication which examines political, social, environmental, and educational issues concerning indigenous peoples around the world in 2001-02. Part 1 describes current situations and events in 11 world regions: the Arctic; North America; Mexico and Central America; South America;…

  10. Historia de la Puericultura en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joaquín Román Lafont

    Full Text Available En la Edad Media los niños eran tratados como adultos pequeños. A partir del Renacimiento surge mayor interés en la infancia. En 1722 aparece el término Pediatría en la Europa Central, y en 1865, por primera vez, es acuñado el término Puericultura por Alfred Pierre Caron, profesor en la Universidad de París. Realizar consultas de Puericultura en la primera mitad del siglo XX en Cuba era prácticamente un lujo. Con el sistema único de salud y cobertura total de la atención primaria a partir de 1959, se lograron establecer consultas de Pediatría (1960 y Puericultura (1963 en los policlínicos. El nuevo enfoque de la práctica médica preventivo-curativa influyó en el desarrollo de la Puericultura, con programas como: Atención integral al niño y la mujer, la normación de las especialidades, la reducción de la mortalidad infantil, la medición de indicadores de salud en la población cubana de 0 a 19 años, la dispensarización de niños y adolescentes, Puericultura prenatal, así como la evaluación de "Hospitales y policlínicos Amigos de la madre y el niño". En 2004 fue creado un grupo multidisciplinario para el rescate de la calidad de las consultas de Puericultura, y se inauguró el Centro de Referencia Nacional de Puericultura en el año 2007, con funciones docentes, de investigación, asistenciales-metodológicas y administrativas. Sorprende la búsqueda de cómo se introdujo en Cuba la Puericultura, a través de Infomed e Internet, visitas a bibliotecas especializadas y la Oficina del Historiador del Ministerio de Salud Pública.

  11. The "Isms" of Art. Introduction to the 2001-2002 Clip and Save Art Prints.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hubbard, Guy

    2001-01-01

    Provides an introduction to the 2001-2002 Clip and Save Art Prints that will focus on ten art movements from the past 150 years. Includes information on three art movements, or "isms": Classicism, Romanticism, and Realism. Discusses the Clip and Save Art Print format and provides information on three artists. (CMK)

  12. Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1985-08-01

    Cuba's population characteristics, geography, history, government, political conditions, and foreign relations were briefly described. Cuba, the largest island in the East Indies, has a tropical climate and is made up of a large area of rolling plains and a smaller mountainous region. Cuba's current population of 9.946 million (1983) is 70% urban and 30% rural. The annual population growth rate is 1.1%. The literacy rate among those aged 10-49 years is 96%, and school is compulsory for 6 years. The infant mortality rate is 21/1000 live births, and life expectancy is 74.7 years. 47% of the work force is engaged in industry and commerce, 28% in services and government, and 25% in agriculture. Since the revolution, Cuba has had a centrally planned, nonmarket economy. Large state enterprises run all segments of the economy, and economic policy is formulated by a central planning board. Farmers are allowed to privately market some of their produce. The government provide a wide range of social services. Most of the services are free, but some entail a minimal fee. Cuba's economy is depressed and overly dependent on the production of sugar. Since the revolution, Cuba's sugar production has increased by only 1.1% annually. In addition to sugar production, the country is engaged in some food processing and other light forms of industry. Cuba has a large reserve of nickle. Cuba's economic indicators are calculated differently than those used in market countries and are not comparable to those used in market countries. In 1983, disposable national income was US$15.8 billion, and per capita income was US$2,590. Cuba's imports exceed her exports. In 1983 exports totalled US$6.5 billion and imports amounted to US$7.2 billion. Cuba's foreign debt is increasing annually, and Cuba is highly dependent on economic assistance from Russia. Between 1961-83, the USSR provided Cuba with US$30 billion in economic aid and US$10 billion in military aid. The country's serious economic

  13. Evaluación del impacto de la Reforma Mexicana de salud 2001-2006: un informe inicial Assessing the effect of the 2001-06 Mexican health reform: an interim report card

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emmanuela Gakidou

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available A partir de 2001 se inicia en México un proceso de diseño, legislación e implementación de la Reforma Mexicana de Salud. Un componente clave de ésta fue la creación del Seguro Popular, que pretende extender la cobertura de aseguramiento médico por siete años a la población que no cuenta con seguridad social, la cual constituía en ese momento casi la mitad de la población total. La reforma incluyó cinco acciones: modificar la ley para garantizar el derecho a la protección a la salud para las familias afiliadas, lo cual al ser implantado completamente incrementará el gasto público en salud entre 0.8 y 1.0% del PIB; la creación de un paquete de servicios de salud explícito; la asignación de recursos a secretarías estatales de salud descentralizadas, proporcional al número de familias incorporadas; la división de los recursos federales destinados a los estados en fondos independientes para servicios de salud personales y no personales; así como la creación de un fondo para garantizar recursos cuando se presentan eventos catastróficos en salud. Mediante el uso del marco conceptual de los sistemas de salud de la OMS, se han examinado diversos conjuntos de datos para evaluar el impacto de esta reforma en distintas dimensiones del sistema de salud. Entre los principales hallazgos clave se encuentran que: la afiliación alcanza de manera preferente a las comunidades pobres y marginadas; el gasto federal no correspondiente a la seguridad social aumentó 38% de 2000 a 2005 en términos reales; ha mejorado la equidad del gasto público entre los estados; los afiliados al Seguro Popular presentan una mayor utilización de servicios, tanto a nivel ambulatorio como para pacientes externos y pacientes hospitalarios en comparación con los no asegurados; la cobertura efectiva de 11 intervenciones en salud ha mejorado entre 2000 y 2005; han disminuido las desigualdades en cobertura efectiva durante este periodo en todos los estados y

  14. Diagnósticos al alta hospitalaria de las personas inmigrantes en la ciudad de Valencia (2001-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Salazar

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento:La inmigración en España se ha incrementado de forma notable en la última década. Por razones teóricas se ha planteado que esta población pudiera ser responsable de un aumento de la incidencia y/o transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas. Sin embargo, existen escasos estudios acerca de las enfermedades de este colectivo que permitan conocer la importancia de esta afirmación. El objetivo de este estudio es cuantificar la atención hospitalaria a esta población en la ciudad de Valencia. Métodos: Se obtuvieron los registros de altas de los Servicios de Admisión de los hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Valencia. Se desarrolló un estudio observacional retrospectivo para el año comprendido entre el 1 de octubre de 2001 al 30 de septiembre del 2002. Resultados: Recuperamos 8.444 ingresos que identificaron 1.577 ingresos de inmigrantes. Se evidenció una proporción similar de inmigrantes registrados con documentación reglada (841, 51,16% e inmigrantes supuestamente no regularizados (803, 48,84%. Predominaron las mujeres (68,3% frente a los varones (31,7% y una media de edad inferior a los 30 años. El diagnóstico de alta más frecuente fue «complicaciones del embarazo, parto y puerperio» con 37,7% del total. Los «traumatismos y envenenamientos », «enfermedades del aparato digestivo» y «enfermedades del aparato respiratorio» representaron el 12,9%, el 7,8% y el 5,4%, respectivamente. Las «enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias» supusieron el 4,4%. Conclusiones: La proporción de enfermedades infecciosas e infectocontagiosas observadas no contribuyen a alentar las opiniones difundidas sobre importación o reemergencia de enfermedades desde los colectivos de inmigrantes. La inmigración masiva acaecida requiere múltiples adaptaciones del Sistema de Salud que permitan establecer el perfil de salud de este colectivo, basado en estimaciones poblacionales.

  15. Diagnósticos al alta hospitalaria de las personas inmigrantes en la ciudad de Valencia (2001-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salazar Antonio

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: La inmigración en España se ha incrementado de forma notable en la última década. Por razones teóricas se ha planteado que esta población pudiera ser responsable de un aumento de la incidencia y/o transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas. Sin embargo, existen escasos estudios acerca de las enfermedades de este colectivo que permitan conocer la importancia de esta afirmación. El objetivo de este estudio es cuantificar la atención hospitalaria a esta población en la ciudad de Valencia. Métodos: Se obtuvieron los registros de altas de los Servicios de Admisión de los hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Valencia. Se desarrolló un estudio observacional retrospectivo para el año comprendido entre el 1 de octubre de 2001 al 30 de septiembre del 2002. Resultados: Recuperamos 8.444 ingresos que identificaron 1.577 ingresos de inmigrantes. Se evidenció una proporción similar de inmigrantes registrados con documentación reglada (841, 51,16% e inmigrantes supuestamente no regularizados (803, 48,84%. Predominaron las mujeres (68,3% frente a los varones (31,7% y una media de edad inferior a los 30 años. El diagnóstico de alta más frecuente fue «complicaciones del embarazo, parto y puerperio» con 37,7% del total. Los «traumatismos y envenenamientos», «enfermedades del aparato digestivo» y «enfermedades del aparato respiratorio» representaron el 12,9%, el 7,8% y el 5,4%, respectivamente. Las «enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias» supusieron el 4,4%. Conclusiones: La proporción de enfermedades infecciosas e infecto-contagiosas observadas no contribuyen a alentar las opiniones difundidas sobre importación o reemergencia de enfermedades desde los colectivos de inmigrantes. La inmigración masiva acaecida requiere múltiples adaptaciones del Sistema de Salud que permitan establecer el perfil de salud de este colectivo, basado en estimaciones poblacionales.

  16. Outlook 2001

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon

    2000-01-01

    ABARE's Executive Director, Brian Fisher in his address at the annual assembly of economists and commodity producers (Outlook 2001) indicated that the world economic growth, which is of critical importance to the direction of world commodity prices, is assumed to ease in 2001 but to strengthen in 2002. Yet despite the slower world economic growth he forecast that Australia's commodity exports would rise to be worth $86 billion in 2000-2001 and $89 billion in 2001 - 2002 reflecting a relatively low Australian dollar. The value of commodity exports is then forecast to trend downwards in real terms for the remainder of the outlook period to 2005-2006. In preparing commodity projections ABARE assumed world economic growth to moderate to around 3.4% in 2001, and then strengthen to 3.9%, in 2002 supported by lower interest rates in key economies. Activity in the Australian economy is assumed to remain reasonably firm in the short term. While growth in domestic demand is likely to moderate, export performance is expected to remain strong. There has been a remarkable improvement in Australia's trade performance during the last year. This improvement is expected to continue in the short term. For energy commodities, export earnings are forecast to increase from $18.4 billion in 1999-2000 to $25.1 billion in 2000-2001 before declining to $24.4 billion in 2001-2002

  17. Historia del Instituto Nacional de Salud Ocupacional del Perú History of Instituto Nacional de Salud Ocupacional del Peru

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan M. Cossio-Brazzan

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available En el Perú, el desarrollo de la industria ha generado mejoras económicas pero, a la vez, ha tenido un gran impacto en la salud de sus trabajadores por lo que era necesario implementar mecanismos de control. Por ello, en 1940 se crea el Departamento de Higiene Industrial, que en 1956 cambia a Instituto de Salud Ocupacional, que fue desactivado en 1994. Sin embargo, el 2001 reaparece en la estructura organizacional del Ministerio de Salud como Instituto de Salud Ocupacional "Alberto Hurtado Abadía". En la actualidad, es el Centro Nacional de Salud Ocupacional y Protección del Ambiente para la Salud (CENSOPAS, órgano del Instituto Nacional de Salud que continúa trabajando en sinergia con otras instituciones y sectores, generando evidencias para proteger la salud de las personas expuestas (trabajadores y comunidad a la contaminación y riesgos asociados con las actividades económicas.In Peru, the industry´s development has made economic improvements but at the same time, it has had a major impact on the health of the workers; for that reason, it was necessary to generate control mechanisms. So, in 1940 it was created the Departmento de Higiene Industrial, which in 1956 was changed to Instituto de Salud Ocupacional, but it was deactivated in 1994. However, in 2001 it reappeared into the Ministerio de Salud organizational structure with the name of Instituto de Salud Ocupacional "Alberto Hurtado Abadía". Actually, it is the Centro Nacional de Salud Ocupacional y Protección del Ambiente para la Salud (CENSOPAS, organ of the Instituto Nacional de Salud which continues working in synergy with other institutions and sectors, making research to protect the health of exposed persons (workers and community to contamination and risks associated with economic activities.

  18. Radiological control of the junk exports in Cuba; Control radiologico de las exportaciones de chatarra en Cuba

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dominguez L, O; Capote F, E; Carrazana G, J A; Zerquera, J T; Ramos V, O; Alonso A, D; Fernandez, I M; Caveda R, C A; Madrazo M, S; Barroso P, I [CPHR, Calle 20 No. 4113 e/41 y 47, Playa, C.P. 11300, A.P. 6195, C.P. 10600 La Habana (Cuba)

    2006-07-01

    Even when in Cuba a strict control exists on the radiation sources that enter to the country to be used in the different applications, it can be given the case that sources or contaminated materials that never were under this control due fundamentally to that entered to the country before the same one existed, appear in the junk that is marketed. In our country it is effective the Combined Resolution CITMA-MINCEX dated on April, 2002 that settles down the necessity and obligation that has all that manipulates, imports, exports or process junk of carrying out it a radiological control. From April, 2002 making use of a minimum of resources, an own methodology, a properly qualified personnel and the support of a credited laboratory by the ISO 17025 standard, the radioactivity measurement service in junk belonging to the Center of Protection and Hygiene of the Radiations (CPHR), it has reduced the risks that sources or contaminated materials are found in the junk that is exported in the main exporter companies of this line in Cuba avoiding possible radiological emergency situations that affect the population and the environment. (Author)

  19. Epiphytic dinoflagellates associated with ciguatera in the northwestern coast of Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilma Delgado

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available The spatial and temporal abundance of epiphytic dinoflagellates associated with ciguatera was studied over two annual cycles (March 1999 to March 2000 and March 2001 to March 2002 in the northwestern coast of Cuba. From 14 species of macroalgae (Phaeophyta, Chlorophyta, and Rhodophyta, 1340 samples were obtained identifying seven species as potentially noxious; five of them are new reports for Cuba’s phytobenthos: Prorocentrum belizeanum Faust, P. concavum Fukuyo, P. mexicanum Tafall, Coolia monotis Meunier, and Ostreopsis lenticularis Fukuyo. ANOVA/MANOVA analysis showed significant spatial differences: lower cell abundance near the shoreline adjacent to a river inlet and higher cell abundance in the deepest area. Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg Dodge 1975 was found mainly on Phaeophyta followed by Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta. Gambierdiscus toxicus was found mainly on Phaeophyta followed by Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta. All the species reported in the study area were mainly on Padina spp. (Phaeophyta. Acanthophora spicifera (Rhodophyta did not host dinoflagellate species. Environmental conditions in summer (higher temperature, more nutrients, greater water transparency, and low wind intensity are suitable for macroalgae development, which serves as a substrate for potentially harmful dinoflagellates, and possibly the main vector for spreading ciguatera along the coast of Cuba. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54(2: 299-310. Epub 2006 Jun 01.Se estudió la abundancia espacial y temporal de dinoflagelados epífitos asociados a la ciguatera durante dos ciclos anuales (marzo 1999 a marzo 2000, y marzo 2001 a marzo 2002 en la costa del noroeste de Cuba. Recolectamos 14 especies de macroalgas (Phaeophyta, Chlorophyta y Rhodophyta y obtuvimos 1340 muestras. Identificamos siete especies de dinoflagelados potencialmente nocivas, cinco de ellas nuevos registros para el fitobentos cubano: Prorocentrum belizeanum Faust, P. concavum Fukuyo, P. mexicanum Tafall, Coolia monotis

  20. A epidemia de dengue/dengue hemorrágico no município do Rio de Janeiro, 2001/2002 The epidemic of dengue and hemorrhagic dengue fever in the city of Rio de Janeiro, 2001/2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clarisse Guimarães Casali

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência dos principais sinais e sintomas dos casos de dengue clássico e dengue hemorrágico na epidemia de 2001-2002 do município do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisados os 155.242 casos notificados ao Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação, desde janeiro/2001, até junho/2002; deste total, excluindo-se os ignorados, 81.327 casos foram classificados como dengue clássico e 958 como dengue hemorrágico, com um total de 54 óbitos. Avaliaram-se as variáveis referentes à sintomatologia da doença. Manifestações gerais como febre, cefaléia, prostração, mialgia, náuseas e dor retro-orbitária tiveram alta incidência tanto no dengue clássico como no dengue hemorrágico. Por outro lado, manifestações hemorrágicas e algumas de maior gravidade como choque, hemorragia digestiva, petéquias, epistaxe, dor abdominal e derrame pleural, estiveram significativamente associadas ao dengue hemorrágico. Além disso, a evolução do quadro clínico para o óbito foi 34,8 vezes maior no dengue hemorrágico que no dengue clássico (OR=34,8; IC 19,7-61,3.The following study was intended to evaluate the occurrence of typical signs and symptoms in the cases of classic dengue and hemorrhagic dengue fever, during the 2001-2002 epidemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The authors reviewed 155,242 cases notified to the Information System of Notification Diseases, from January/2001 to June/2002: 81,327 cases were classified as classic dengue and 958 as hemorrhagic dengue fever, with a total of 60 deaths. Common symptoms, such as fever, headache, prostration, myalgia, nausea and retro-orbital pain, had a high incidence in both classic and hemorrhagic dengue fever. On the other hand, hemorrhagic signs and other signs of severe disease, such as shock, gastrointestinal bleeding, petechiae, epistaxis, abdominal pain and pleural effusion, were strongly associated to hemorrhagic dengue fever. Besides, the occurrence

  1. WATER PRODUCTION IN COMETS 2001 Q4 (NEAT) AND 2002 T7 (LINEAR) DETERMINED FROM SOHO/SWAN OBSERVATIONS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Combi, M. R.; Lee, Y.; Maekinen, J. T. T.; Bertaux, J.-L.; Quemerais, E.

    2009-01-01

    The SWAN all-sky camera on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft detected the hydrogen Lyman-alpha (Lyα) comae of comets 2001 Q4 NEAT and 2002 T7 LINEAR for large portions of their perihelion apparitions in 2003 and 2004. C/2001 Q4 NEAT was observed from 2003 September 14 through 2004 November 2, covering heliocentric distances from 3.23 AU before perihelion to 2.75 AU after, and C/2002 T7 LINEAR was observed from 2003 December 4 through 2004 August 6, covering heliocentric distances from 2.52 AU before perihelion to 2.09 AU after. We combined the full set of comet specific and full-sky observations and used our time-resolved model (TRM), which enables us to extract continuous values of the daily-average value of the water production rate throughout most of this entire period. The average power-law fit to the production rate variation of C/2001 Q4 NEAT with heliocentric distance, r, gives 3.5 x 10 29 r -1.7 and that for C/2002 T7 LINEAR gives 4.6 x 10 29 r -2.0 . Both comets show roughly a factor of 2 asymmetry in activity about perihelion, being more active before perihelion. C/2001 Q4 NEAT showed a production rate outburst about 30 days before perihelion (2004 April 15) and then a large extended increase above the nominal trend from 50 to 70 days after perihelion (2004 July 5-July 25).

  2. Progresividad del gasto público en salud en México: 1984-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Octavio Vargas-Téllez

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo intentamos calcular la progresividad que tiene el gasto en salud por institución, tipo de cuidados médicos y su evolución a lo largo de 16 años. Utilizando análisis de incidencia y microdatos, se generaron distribuciones de las transferencias del gasto público en salud por familia. El análisis se completa con el cálculo de índices de desigualdad, los resultados arrojan una paulatina mejoría en la progresividad del gasto en salud en el tiempo de estudio, con mayor progresividad de los servicios de salud prestados por la Secretaría de Salud y menores avances en los servicios del ISSSTE y Pemex. Por tipo de cuidados médicos, los servicios preventivos se han desarrollado más que los servicios hospitalarios y curativos. Los resultados sostienen la hipótesis de que la universalización de los servicios de salud y su unificación en una sola entidad proveedora mejoraría sustancialmente la equidad del sistema de salud pública en México.

  3. [Productivity, visibility and citation analysis of the Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública, 2002-2009].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huamaní, Charles

    2010-09-01

    Biomedical journals are the most used and important venue to disseminate and interchange scientific information, and evaluation is an important component. A bibliometric study was conducted on the productivity, visibility and citation analysis of the Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública (RPMESP), from 2002 to 2009. During this period, the RPMESP published about 62 documents per year, 55.3% were research articles. The visibility of RPMESP, determined among three databases (SISBIB-UNMSM, SciELO-Peru, and REDALYC), was irregular, increasing on July 2006, with the highest access on October 2009 (117,618 hits). 43.0% of publications were cited. The calculated impact factor in ISI journals was 0.04 in 2009. In conclusion, the citation of RPMESP shows a slowly growing during the period 2002-2009. It is hoped that the RPMESP increase its visibility and impact after its inclusion in MEDLINE.

  4. Cáncer de tiroides en Cuba: estudio de 14 años Thyroid cancer in Cuba: A 14-year study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Valenciaga Rodríguez

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available El Registro Nacional del Cáncer en Cuba (RNCC aporta la información para el análisis de incidencia de cáncer en nuestro país. Constituye una herramienta para identificar necesidades asistenciales, planificar el uso adecuado de recursos y plantear estrategias en cuanto a las acciones de salud a desarrollar. Su objetivo es exponer y analizar la incidencia del cáncer de tiroides (CT en Cuba. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y retrospectiva sobre el CT en el período de 1988 al 2001. Se emplearon las variables: edad, sexo, provincia de procedencia, diagnóstico histológico y etapa clínica, aportadas por el RNCC. Se calcularon distribuciones de frecuencia y tasas ajustadas y se expusieron los datos en tablas y gráficos. De 4 183 casos, el 81,3 % perteneció al sexo femenino y la media de edad calculada fue 45,9 ±17,5 años. La incidencia aumentó bruscamente en 1996, y mantuvo cifras estables, pero superiores a años precedentes. En general y en los varones la afectación fue mayor, coincidentemente, en mayores de 60 años (23,7 y 33,2 % pero en las féminas fue entre 30 y 39 (22,2. Cienfuegos tuvo más casos notificados. El 42 % fue bien diferenciado y el 40,4 perteneció a la etapa clínica I. Se desconoció el grado de diferenciación histológica y la etapa clínica en un 52 y un 41,8 % respectivamente. Se concluye que por su tendencia creciente en los últimos años es preciso mejorar la calidad en la notificación del CT para contribuir al mejor conocimiento de este en nuestro medio, y así plantear estrategias adecuadas de prevención y control.The National Cancer Registry of Cuba (NCRC provides information for the analysis of the incidence of this disease in our country, which is a tool to identify medical assistance needs, to plan the adequate use of resources and lay out strategies on the health care actions to be taken. The objective of this study was to present and analyze the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC in Cuba. A

  5. Lower Klickitat Riparian and In-channel Habitat Restoration Project, Annual Report 2001-2002.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Conley, Will

    2003-10-01

    This project focuses on the lower Klickitat River and its tributaries that provide or affect salmonid habitat. The overall goal is to restore watershed health to aid recovery of salmonid stocks in the Klickitat subbasin. An emphasis is placed on restoration and protection of watersheds supporting anadromous fish production, particularly steelhead (Oncorhyncus mykiss) which are listed as 'Threatened' within the Mid-Columbia ESU. Restoration activities are aimed at restoring stream processes by removing or mitigating watershed perturbances and improving habitat conditions and water quality. In addition to steelhead, habitat improvements benefit Chinook (O. tshawytscha) and coho (O. kisutch) salmon, resident rainbow trout, and enhance habitat for many terrestrial and amphibian wildlife species. Protection activities compliment restoration efforts within the subbasin by securing refugia and preventing degradation. Since 90% of the project area is in private ownership, maximum effectiveness will be accomplished via cooperation with state, federal, tribal, and private entities. The project addresses goals and objectives presented in the Klickitat Subbasin Summary and the 1994 NWPPC Fish and Wildlife Program. Feedback from the 2000 Provincial Review process indicated a need for better information management to aid development of geographic priorities. Thus, an emphasis has been placed on database development and a review of existing information prior to pursuing more extensive implementation. Planning and design was initiated on several restoration projects. These priorities will be refined in future reports as the additional data is collected and analyzed. Tasks listed are for the April 1, 2001 to August 31, 2002 contract cycle, for which work was delayed during the summer of 2001 because the contract was not finalized until mid-August 2001. Accomplishments are provided for the September 1, 2001 to August 31, 2002 reporting period. During this reporting period

  6. Flow Velocity Water Temperature, and Conductivity in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida: August 2001-June 2002

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Riscassi, Ami L; Schaffranek, Raymond W

    2003-01-01

    ...." Data collected at four locations in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park during the 2001 -2002 wet season are documented in the report and methods used to process the data are described...

  7. Forrest Ranch Acquisition, Annual Report 2001-2002.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Smith, Brent

    2003-08-01

    contract period was the first year of the program with December 2001 through July 2nd 2002 being previous to acquisition of the property. The majority of the activities conducted under the contract period were spent on O&M and pre acquisition activities.

  8. Desarrollo social y mortalidad infantil, 1977-1986, Cuba: un análisis regional Desenvolvimento social e mortalidade infantil, 1977-1986, Cuba: análise regional Social development and infant mortality, 1977-1986, Cuba: a regional analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillermo Gonzalez Perez

    1990-06-01

    Full Text Available En Cuba, la tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI se redujo entre 1970 y 1986 en un 65%. La TMI alcanzada en 1986 -13,6%o - ubica al país a la vanguardia de Latinoamérica en cuanto a salud materno-infantil. Sin embargo, subsisten diferencias interprovinciales en la mortalidad durante el primer año de vida. Mediante el empleo de técnicas de regresión múltiples, se intenta identificar los factores sociodemográficos o relacionados con los servicios de salud que más han incidido en el descenso de la TMI en Cuba y provincias en el decenio estudiado, así como las variables que mejor explican las diferencias interprovinciales en cada año. Son factores sociodemográficos los que mayoritariamente explican la evolución de la TMI; por otra parte, si bien la proporción de nacidos vivos con bajo peso y la tasa bruta de natalidad explican en primera instancia las diferencias interprovinciales en el nivel de la mortalidad infantil en cada año, un análisis más cuidadoso permite establecer que son variables eminentemente socieconómicas las que están detrás de tales diferencias.Em Cuba, entre os anos de 1970 a 1986 a taxa de mortalidade infantil (TMI reduziu em 65%. A TMI obtida em 1986 -13,6%o - foi a mais baixa no contexto lationamericano, embora a nível regional o comportamento da taxa não tem sido homogêneo. Com o emprego da técnica de regressão múltipla, pretendeu-se identificar aqueles fatores socio-demográficos e dos serviços de saúde que mais têm incidido no declínio da mortalidade infantil em Cuba, no período acima descrito, bem como as variáveis que melhor explicam as diferenças inter-regionais do referido indicador. Os fatores socio-demográficos explicam a evolução da TMI em Cuba. Embora a queda da natalidade e a redução da proporção de recém-nascidos com baixo peso ao nascer expliquem - em princípios - as diferenças inter-regionais quanto a TMI, outros fatores socio-econômicos podem explicar tais diferen

  9. Energy balances of non-OECD countries, 2001-2002. 2004 edition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-01-01

    This volume contains data on the supply and consumption of coal, oil, gas, electricity, heat, renewables and waste presented as comprehensive energy balances, expressed in tonnes of oil equivalent for over 100 non-OECD countries. Historical tables summarize production, trade and final consumption data as well as key energy and economic indicators. This book includes definitions of products and flows, explanatory notes on the individual country data and conversion factors from original units to tonnes of oil equivalent. More detailed data in original units are published in Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries 2001-2002, the sister volume of this publication. Bi-lingual edition: English - French. In general the CD-Rom and on-line service contain detailed time-series back to 1971

  10. La toxicología en la atención primaria de salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Martínez Cabrera

    1995-06-01

    Full Text Available Se expone la función que debe desempeñar la toxicología en Cuba para contribuir al logro de la meta de Salud para todos en el año 2000, así como los factores que condicionan el surgimiento de la toxicología preventiva. Se expresan los principales elementos que debe conocer el médico de la familia sobre toxicología y la necesidad de ampliar la interacción en el terreno docente, asistencial e investigativo entre la toxicología y el nivel de atención primaria de salud.

  11. Nuclear energy system department annual report. April 1, 2001 - March 31, 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nakajima, Hajime; Ohnuki, Akira; Kunii, Katsuhiko

    2003-03-01

    This report summarizes the research and development activities in the Department of Nuclear Energy System during the fiscal year of 2001 (April 1, 2001 - March 31, 2002). The Department has been organized from April 1998. The main research activity is aimed to build the basis of the development of future nuclear energy systems. The research activities of the Department cover basic nuclear data evaluation, conceptual design of a reduced-moderation water reactor, reactor physics experiments and development of the reactor analysis codes, experiment and analysis of thermal-hydrodynamics, energy system analysis and assessment, development of advanced materials for a reactor, lifetime reliability assessment on structural material, development of advanced nuclear fuel, design of a marine reactor and the research for a nuclear ship system. The maintenance and operation of reactor engineering facilities belonging to the Department are undertaken. The activities of the research committees to which the Department takes a role of secretariat are also summarized in this report. (author)

  12. Evaluación de la vigilancia en salud en algunas unidades de atención primaria en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Batista Moliner Ricardo

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento. Se evaluó la organización y funcionamiento de la vigilancia epidemiológica en varias unidades de la Atención Primaria de Salud en Cuba, mediante un estudio para conocer la efectividad de la vigilancia y contribuir a perfeccionar los mecanismos de la misma y a través de ella mejorar las condiciones de salud de la población. Método. La evaluación se aplicó en ocho Policlínicos de Ciudad de La Habana durante los años 1998 y 1999. Mediante la aplicación de una metodología integral se evaluaron los tres componentes del sistema de vigilancia a esas unidades: la estructura, el proceso y sus resultados. Para ello se utilizó un cuestionario que cuantificó algunos atributos del sistema (sensibilidad, oportunidad, representatividad, utilidad y una entrevista semiestructurada a médicos, epidemiólogos y a otros participantes en la vigilancia, así como a los usuarios del sistema. Resultados. La evaluación de la estructura demostró que la estructura de vigilancia es adecuada. Al evaluar el proceso se comprobó que la sensibilidad es baja en algunos policlínicos y que en varios de ellos existen problemas en la oportunidad y flexibilidad del sistema. La evaluación de los resultados de la vigilancia demostró que éstos son satisfactorios en su eficacia para detectar eventos agudos, así como en la percepción de los usuarios sobre la utilidad de esos resultados para resolver los problemas detectados. Conclusiones. El desempeño de la vigilancia en los policlínicos evaluados refleja que existe una adecuada organización de la vigilancia, aunque existen algunas insuficiencias en el cumplimiento de algunos atributos de la vigilancia. Esto, sin embargo, no afecta el resultado del sistema en su conjunto, que es capaz de detectar cualquier situación epidemiológica relevante y proponer medidas adecuadas de control.

  13. Comparison of the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun Earthquakes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bufe, C. G.

    2002-12-01

    Major earthquakes occurred in Tibet on the central Kunlun fault (M 7.8) on November 14, 2001 (Lin and others, 2002) and in Alaska on the central Denali fault (M 7.9) on November 3, 2002. Both earthquakes generated large surface waves (Kunlun Ms 8.0 (USGS) and Denali Ms 8.5). Each event occurred on east-west-trending strike-slip faults and exhibited nearly unilateral rupture propagating several hundred kilometers from west to east. Surface rupture length estimates were about 400 km for Kunlun, 300 km for Denali. Maximum surface faulting and moment release were observed far to the east of the points of rupture initiation. Harvard moment centroids were located east of USGS epicenters by 182 km (Kunlun) and by 126 km (Denali). Maximum surface faulting was observed near 240 km (Kunlun, 16 m left lateral) and near 175 km (Denali, 9 m right lateral) east of the USGS epicenters. Significant thrust components were observed in the initiation of the Denali event (ERI analysis and mapped thrust) and in the termination of the Kunlun rupture, as evidenced by thrust mechanisms of the largest aftershocks which occurred near the eastern part of the Kunlun rupture. In each sequence the largest aftershock was about 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the mainshock. Moment release along the ruptured segments was examined for the 25-year periods preceding the main shocks. The Denali zone shows precursory accelerating moment release with the dominant events occurring on October 22, 1996 (M 5.8) and October 23, 2002 (M 6.7). The Kunlun zone shows nearly constant moment release over time with the last significant event before the main shock occurring on November 26, 2000 (M 5.4). Moment release data are consistent with previous observations of annual periodicity preceding major earthquakes, possibly due to the evolution of a critical state with seasonal and tidal triggering (Varnes and Bufe, 2001). Annual periodicity is also evident for the larger events in the greater San Francisco Bay

  14. Nonradioactive Ambient Air Monitoring at Los Alamos National Laboratory 2001--2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    E. Gladney; J.Dewart, C.Eberhart; J.Lochamy

    2004-09-01

    During the spring of 2000, the Cerro Grande forest fire reached Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and ignited both above-ground vegetation and disposed materials in several landfills. During and after the fire, there was concern about the potential human health impacts from chemicals emitted by the combustion of these Laboratory materials. Consequently, short-term, intensive air-monitoring studies were performed during and shortly after the fire. Unlike the radiological data from many years of AIRNET sampling, LANL did not have an adequate database of nonradiological species under baseline conditions with which to compare data collected during the fire. Therefore, during 2001 the Meteorology and Air Quality Group designed and implemented a new air-monitoring program, entitled NonRadNET, to provide nonradiological background data under normal conditions. The objectives of NonRadNET were to: (1) develop the capability for collecting nonradiological air-monitoring data, (2) conduct monitoring to develop a database of typical background levels of selected nonradiological species in the communities nearest the Laboratory, and (3) determine LANL's potential contribution to nonradiological air pollution in the surrounding communities. NonRadNET ended in late December 2002 with five quarters of data. The purpose of this paper is to organize and describe the NonRadNET data collected over 2001-2002 to use as baseline data, either for monitoring during a fire, some other abnormal event, or routine use. To achieve that purpose, in this paper we will: (1) document the NonRadNET program procedures, methods, and quality management, (2) describe the usual origins and uses of the species measured, (3) compare the species measured to LANL and other area emissions, (4) present the five quarters of data, (5) compare the data to known typical environmental values, and (6) evaluate the data against exposure standards.

  15. Nuclear Engineering Academic Programs Survey, 2002 Data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education

    2003-01-01

    The survey includes degrees granted between July 1, 2001 and June 30, 2002. Enrollment information refers to the fall term 2002. Thirty-five academic programs were in the survey universe and all responded (100% response rate). One of the 35 programs reported that it was discontinued after the 2001-2002 academic year. Also, two programs were discontinued after the previous academic year (2000-2001) and were not included in 2002 survey

  16. Análisis comparativo del programa de educación en diabetes mellitus de México y Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ma. Guadalupe Interial Guzmán

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Realizar un análisis comparativo del programa de educación en diabetes mellitus de México y Cuba.Materiales y Métodos: En este trabajo se utilizó una metodología de investigación comparativa, a través del Estudio de Casos; la técnica utilizada fue un análisis documental; se definieron dos categorías con criterios específicos: Contexto institucional del programa de educación en diabetes mellitus y la metodología de enseñanza del programa. Resultados: El diseño del programa de educación en diabetes mellitus de ambos países es similar; sin embargo, mientras el sistema de seguridad social de México está conformado por tres segmentos: instituciones de seguridad social, instituciones para personas sin seguridad social e instituciones privadas; Cuba tiene un sistema único de seguridad social. Respecto a la metodología de enseñanza y contenido temático del programa de educación en diabetes mellitus, ambos países tienen definido un equipo de proveedores de atención sanitaria; pero en Cuba, también se incluye al podiatra y a los pacientes que tienen experiencia y control adecuado de su diabetes; respecto al contenido temático, en México el programa es un curso básico respecto al conocimiento de la diabetes mellitus; en Cuba, además de la información básica, se incluyen aspectos esenciales para su tratamiento como son la solución de problemas, que permita generar cambios en su autocuidado y evite patrones perjudiciales de comportamiento diario. Discusión y Conclusiones: El diseño del programa de educación en diabetes mellitus en México y Cuba es similar; se identificaron diferencias tanto en el contexto institucional como en la metodología de enseñanza del programa. Es prioritario evaluar los resultados de este programa de salud para identificar sus debilidades y aciertos y poder implementar los cambios que se requieran en esta política de salud. (Rev Cuid 2013; 4(1: 516-22. Palabras clave

  17. Radiological control of the junk exports in Cuba

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dominguez L, O.; Capote F, E.; Carrazana G, J.A.; Zerquera, J.T.; Ramos V, O.; Alonso A, D.; Fernandez, I.M.; Caveda R, C.A.; Madrazo M, S.; Barroso P, I.

    2006-01-01

    Even when in Cuba a strict control exists on the radiation sources that enter to the country to be used in the different applications, it can be given the case that sources or contaminated materials that never were under this control due fundamentally to that entered to the country before the same one existed, appear in the junk that is marketed. In our country it is effective the Combined Resolution CITMA-MINCEX dated on April, 2002 that settles down the necessity and obligation that has all that manipulates, imports, exports or process junk of carrying out it a radiological control. From April, 2002 making use of a minimum of resources, an own methodology, a properly qualified personnel and the support of a credited laboratory by the ISO 17025 standard, the radioactivity measurement service in junk belonging to the Center of Protection and Hygiene of the Radiations (CPHR), it has reduced the risks that sources or contaminated materials are found in the junk that is exported in the main exporter companies of this line in Cuba avoiding possible radiological emergency situations that affect the population and the environment. (Author)

  18. Evaluation of the occupational exposure to external sources of ionizing radiation in Cuba in the period 2001-2005; Evaluacion de la exposicion ocupacional a fuentes externas de radiacion ionizante en Cuba en el periodo 2001-2005

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Molina P, D.; Martinez H, E.; Castro S, A. [Laboratorio de Dosimetria Externa, CPHR, A.P. 6195, C.P. 10600, La Habana (Cuba)]. e-mail: daniel@cphr.edu.cu

    2006-07-01

    The single radiological surveillance of the occupational exposure to external radiation sources in Cuba it is carried out by the Radiation Protection and Hygiene Center (CPHR). The data corresponding to the external exposure are presented. The service it covers to all the occupationally exposed workers (TOEs) of the country that work fundamentally the radiodiagnostic practices, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and research. The purpose of this work is to carry out an analysis of the occupational exposures of the TOE of the country starting of the results registered by the service of single radiological surveillance in the period 2001 to 2005, keeping in mind the indicators used by the UNSCEAR. The annual average effective dose (E) for each practice is shown. The obtained results showed that the values of annual average effective dose (E) its are bigger for the radiodiagnostic practices, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine. In a general way, all the E values are inferior to 2.00 mSv. The number of TOEs that overcame the 20 mSv established as annual dose limit, it went inferior to 1% of the controlled total universe. (Author)

  19. Prevención del suicidio en adolescentes de un área de salud de Santiago de Cuba Suicide prevention in adolescents in a health area of Santiago de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flavia Rodríguez Almaguer

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación exploratoria en algunos miembros del personal sanitario (una psicóloga y 6 médicos de familia perteneciente al área de salud del Policlínico Universitario "Julián Grimau García" de Santiago de Cuba, de diciembre de 2011 a marzo de 2012, que presentó los índices más elevados de intento de suicidio en la adolescencia durante el 2011, a fin de determinar los problemas existentes en la prevención de ese comportamiento, para lo cual se utilizó la metodología cualitativa, específicamente el diseño de campo y los métodos: observación, entrevista en profundidad y cuestionario. Los resultados evidenciaron una atención psicológica sin adecuados enfoques preventivo y comunitario, irregularidades en la atención por psiquiatría, poca implicación de la familia y desvinculación de la escuela. En general, hubo dificultades en la aplicación del Programa Nacional para la Prevención y Atención de la Conducta Suicida, lo que estuvo unido a la necesidad de aprendizaje sobre el tema y de mayor sensibilización al respecto, así como a la sobrecarga laboral en los profesionales.Exploratory research was conducted in some medical personnel (a psychologist and 6 family doctors belonging to the health area of "Julián Grimau García" University Polyclinic of Santiago de Cuba, from December 2011 to March 2012, which had the highest rates of suicide attempt in the adolescence during 2011, in order to identify problems in the prevention of such behavior, so that the qualitative methodology was used, specifically the field design and methods: observation, interviews in depth and questionnaire. The results showed a psychological treatment without appropriate preventive and community approaches, irregularities in psychiatry care, little family involvement and disengagement from school. Overall, there were difficulties in the implementation of the National Program for the Prevention and Treatment of Suicidal Behavior, which

  20. El enfoque epidemiologico del sistema de salud de Cuba The epidemiologic approach of the Cuban health system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia Martínez Calvo

    1999-08-01

    mensurar la distancia entre lo ideal y lo real. En conclusión, se reconoce cierto vacío entre la argumentación teórica y la práctica epidemiológica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, aunque sean inobjetables los avances en el ámbito sanitario en estas casi cuatro décadas. Resulta ineludible el desafío que esto representa para alcanzar el liderazgo epidemiológico que en el discurso se promueve, para lo cual la reforma del sector salud emerge como un excelente y oportuno espacio.The international recognition of the achievements of the Cuban health system, the stability -questioned on some occasions - of health indicators, and the enormous human resources and materials invested to develop the policies and national sanitary strategies comprise an excellent field to analyze the epidemiological contribution to those positive results in the health area. Among those outstanding results, the longer life expectancy, the low mortality rates, infant mortality, and mortality due to infectious and parasitic diseases partly due to the elimination or eradication of a group of diseases preventable by immunization. Were these results reached by an epidemiologically oriented health system? Do the procedures carried out allow for the proposal of a Cuban School of Epidemiology? The objective of this paper is to offer answers to these queries through a critical appraisal on the presumable epidemiological orientation of the health system, and the incorporation of epidemiological thinking in the sanitary strategies that have been designed and developed in Cuba. An arbitrary, but notorious dichotomy, the Seminar on the "Uses and Perspectives of Epidemiology", held in Buenos Aires in 1983, has traced rules for the epidemiological performance in the Region as a whole and contributed to the analysis above. The dichotomy -before and after the Seminar - created the national scenarios for practicing epidemiology at the academic, investigative and health services levels, supported on 4 basic

  1. Sistemas nacionales de investigación para la salud en América Latina: una revisión de 14 países National health research systems in Latin America: a 14-country review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jackeline Alger

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se discuten las principales características de los sistemas nacionales de investigación para la salud (SNIS de Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela a partir de los documentos preparados por expertos de esos países que participaron en la Primera Conferencia Latinoamericana sobre Investigación e Innovación para la Salud, celebrada en abril de 2008 en Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Se revisaron también las fuentes citadas en los informes, artículos científicos publicados y opiniones de expertos, así como fuentes de información secundarias regionales. Seis países informaron poseer estructuras formales de gobernanza y gerencia de la investigación para la salud: en Brasil y Costa Rica, estas estructuras son lideradas por los ministerios de salud, mientras Argentina, Cuba, Ecuador y Venezuela tienen estructuras mixtas de sus ministerios de salud y de ciencia y tecnología. Brasil y Ecuador informaron poseer una política nacional dedicada e inclusiva de ciencia, tecnología e innovación para la salud. Argentina, Brasil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú y Venezuela informaron haber establecido prioridades de investigación para la salud. Se concluye que a pesar de la heterogeneidad estructural y funcional de los SNIS de los países analizados y su desigual nivel de desarrollo, se han logrado avances alentadores. El establecimiento de una adecuada gobernanza/gerencia de los SNIS es de suma importancia para que los ministerios de salud, otros actores estatales y la sociedad civil puedan encausar eficazmente las investigaciones para la salud.This article discusses the main features of the national health research systems (NHRS of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela, based on documents prepared by their country experts who

  2. Evolución y perspectivas del registro de medicamentos en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Celeste A Sánchez González

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una evaluación de las autoridades sanitarias a cargo de la autorización para la comercialización de medicamentos en Cuba desde 1959 hasta el 2001 y de su nivel de subordinación. Se describió la evolución de los documentos normativos y legales que dan la base al Registro de Medicamentos en Cuba y a su evaluación, con lo que se caracterizó el enfoque nacional de los requerimientos y procedimientos exigidos para registrar un medicamento. Se identificaron etapas en la evolución de las autoridades y se enumeraron los aspectos que han marcado saltos de calidad en la espiral de desarrollo de la actividad. Se identificó la situación actual y perspectivas para garantizar la elevación del nivel normativo y legal del Sistema Regulador de Medicamentos.The health authorities in charge of authorizing the commercialization of drugs in Cuba from 1959 to 2001, as well as their subordination level were evaluated. The evolution of the normative and legal documents, which are the basis of the Drug Registry in Cuba and of its evaluation, was described in order to characterize the national approach of the requirements and procedures demanded to register a drug. Some stages in the evolution of the authorities were identified and those aspects considered as quality leaps in the development spiral of this activity were approached. Emphasis was made on the present situation and on the outlooks to guarantee the improvement of the normative and legal level of the Drug Control System.

  3. Staff Members with more than 25 years service at CERN in 2001 and 2002

    CERN Multimedia

    2002-01-01

    Staff Members with 25 years service in 2002 were invited by the Director-General to a reception in their honnor on the 20th November 2002 : Baulet Yves / ST Bornand Michel / SL Burdet Georges / ST Carena Francesco / EP Chanut Robert / LHC Chauchaix Bruno / SL Chevrier François / SL Chohan Vinod / LHC Dahlerup-Petersen Knud / LHC De Gennaro Michele Silvano / IT De Rujula Alvaro / TH Dury Jean-Marie / SL Ferrara Sergio / TH Fraser Gordon / ETT Kolly Michel / ST Korda Gwendoline / DSU Lager Michel / ST Michelon Jean-Claude / SL Montuelle Jean / IT Naudi Andre John / FI Seis Irene / IT Vascotto Alessandro / EP Vernamonte Donatino / ST Von Rüden Wolfgang / IT Vullierme Bruno / LHC Staff members with 25 years service in 2001 were also invited: Datta-Cockerill Sudeshna / HR Frost-Ainley Lio / IT Laurent Moniek / HR Saban Roberto / AC

  4. Staff Members with more than 25 years service at CERN in 2001 and 2002

    CERN Multimedia

    Maximilien Brice

    2002-01-01

    Staff Members with 25 years service in 2002 were invited by the Director-General to a reception in their honnor on the 20th November 2002 : Baulet Yves / ST, Bornand Michel / SL, Burdet Georges / ST, Carena Francesco / EP, Chanut Robert / LHC, Chauchaix Bruno / SL, Chevrier François / SL, Chohan Vinod / LHC, Dahlerup-Petersen Knud / LHC, De Gennaro Michele Silvano / IT, De Rujula Alvaro / TH, Dury Jean-Marie / SL, Ferrara Sergio / TH, Fraser Gordon / ETT, Kolly Michel / ST, Korda Gwendoline / DSU, Lager Michel / ST, Michelon Jean-Claude / SL, Montuelle Jean / IT, Naudi Andre John / FI, Seis Irene / IT, Vascotto Alessandro / EP, Vernamonte Donatino / ST, Von Rüden Wolfgang / IT, Vullierme Bruno / LHC. Staff members with 25 years service in 2001 were also invited: Datta-Cockerill Sudeshna / HR, Frost-Ainley Lio / IT, Laurent Moniek / HR, Saban Roberto / AC.

  5. Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) Atlas (2): Cook Inlet - 2002, Kodiak - 1998, Southeast - 2002, Bristol Bay - 2004, Prince William Sound - 2000, Aleutians - 2001, maps and geographic information systems data (NODC Accession 0050372)

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) data for Alaska; Kodiak (1998), Prince William Sound (2000), Aleutians (2001), Cook Inlet (2002),...

  6. Fuels. Deliveries and consumption of fuels during 4th quarter 2002 and year 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-01-01

    The total volume of oil product deliveries (excluded lubricants, bitumen etc.) from the oil companies was 1 per cent lower during 2002 compared with 2001. The deliveries of motor gasoline and diesel oil increased by 2 and 5 per cent. Domestic heating oil and heavy fuel oils decreased by 3 and 5 per cent compared with 2001. Under the 4th quarter 2002 the deliveries of oil products (excluded lubricants, bitumen etc.) was 10 per cent higher compared with the same quarter 2001. The deliveries of domestic heating oil and heavy fuel oils increased by 22 per cent in each case. Motor gasoline was unchanged while the deliveries of diesel oil increased by 7 per cent. The consumption of fuels in mining and manufacturing increased by 3 % during the year 2002. The consumption of hard coal and coke increased by 5 % and the rest of the fossil fuels by 7 %. Renewable fuels decreased by 1 %. During the 4th quarter 2002 increased the fuel consumption in industry by 2 % compared with same quarter 2001. Renewable fuels decreased by 7 % while fossil fuels increased by 18 %. The consumption of fuels in electricity, gas and district heating services increased by 12 % during 2002. The consumption of oils increased by 16 %. During year 2002 the renewable fuels accounts for 68 % of the final consumption. During the 4th quarter the consumption of fuels was almost twice as high as the consumption during the 4th quarter 2001

  7. La salud pública en Cuba y su experiencia internacional (1959-2005 Public health in Cuba and its international experience (1959-2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique Beldarraín Chaple

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available En los últimos 42 años de existencia, el sistema de salud cubano se ha caracterizado también por una amplia experiencia y labor internacional que se inició en 1962 con el envío de la primera misión médica cubana a Argelia y desde ese momento se ha colaborado con más de 101 países de Asia, África y América Latina, desde misiones de ayuda por desastres naturales hasta la colaboración con personal médico en regiones donde antes no existían, en la elaboración de planes de desarrollo médico con algunos países según sus necesidades. También se ha desarrollado una colaboración en el terreno de la formación de los recursos humanos, con el inicio de los estudios de medicina de cientos de miles de jóvenes de todos los países de América, e incluso de algunos de Asia y África.The past 42 years of Cuba's healthcare system have been characterized, among other things, by broad-based international experience and projects, which began in 1962 with the deployment of the first Cuban medical mission to Algeria. Since then, it has collaborated with more than 101 countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, providing aid missions to areas suffering from natural disasters and sending medical staff to regions where they did not exist before. It has also helped some countries draw up medical development plans according to their specific needs. Cooperation with human resource training and development has also been carried out, with the result that hundreds of thousands of youths have been able to start their medical studies in countries all over the Americas and in some nations from Asia and Africa.

  8. Una batalla ganada: la eliminación de la poliomielitis en Cuba

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    Enrique Beldarraín Chaple

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available La poliomielitis fue introducida en Cuba a finales del siglo XIX por norteamericanos residentes en Isla de Pinos. Las primeras epidemias ocurrieron en 1906 y 1909, aumentaron en intensidad entre 1930-1958. El objetivo del artículo es reconstruir la historia de la enfermedad y sus epidemias en Cuba hasta 1961, de la primera Campaña Nacional de Vacunación Antipolio (1962 y de sus resultados, bien como analizar la continuidad de las campañas anuales de vacunación hasta la certificación de su eliminación (1994. Se siguió el método histórico lógico; se revisaron documentos de archivos, las estadísticas del Ministerio de Salud Pública sobre morbilidad y mortalidad hasta el 2000. Se calcularon tasas brutas de morbilidad y mortalidad. Se realizaron entrevistas a personajes claves.

  9. La informatización de la atención primaria de salud

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    Rodolfo J. Stusser Beltranena

    Full Text Available La informatización de la atención primaria de salud se percibe como un problema que se soluciona creando redes computarizadas entre los consultorios y policlínicos. El artículo brinda una visión panorámica del estado en que se encuentra el arte de la informatización de la atención primaria y la medicina general integral, en el mundo y en Cuba. Para ello, se sintetiza el origen prehistórico de ese nivel de atención y de la especialidad, así como el desarrollo contemporáneo de la informática y sus aplicaciones médicas; se define igualmente la atención primaria y su informática; se resumen los sistemas de información, las aplicaciones informáticas y sus desafíos; y se ofrece una visión práctica de la historia clínica-electrónica: corazón de la informática de atención primaria de salud y medicina general integral. Se concluye que Cuba ha trabajado 20 años informatizando la dispensarización y estadísticas para la gerencia de servicios de este nivel de atención, pero que también podría trabajar con el enfoque centrado en la vida del paciente, que contribuiría a crear una clasificación integradora de la salud con la enfermedad, y a computarizar la información y la toma de decisiones clínicas en el consultorio del médico, y en el futuro hasta en el hogar del paciente, elevando directamente la calidad de la atención primaria de salud.

  10. Utilization of substance abuse treatment services under Medicare, 2001-2002.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vandivort, Rita; Teich, Judith L; Cowell, Alexander J; Chen, Hong

    2009-06-01

    In 2006, the Medicare program covered 37 million elderly persons and 7 million persons younger than 65 years, but little is known about substance abuse (SA) service utilization. Using the 5% Sample of Medicare claims data, the study examines individuals who used SA detoxification ("detox") and/or rehabilitation ("rehab") services under Medicare in 2001 and 2002. SA claimants less than 65 years of age (disabled) were compared to claimants more than 65 years of age (elderly). The disabled were more likely to have a co-occurring mental disorder than elderly claimants (50% vs. 14%) and more likely to have serious mental illness (21% vs. 2.3%). Disabled claimants were more than three times as likely to receive any detox service as elderly claimants (17% vs. 6%). The rate of claimants receiving rehab services within 30 days of detox is about one third for disabled claimants and one quarter for elderly claimants.

  11. French electricity results 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2002-01-01

    RTE, the manager of the French power system, announces a high increase in electricity exports to the other countries of the European Union in 2002. In France, the year 2002 was marked by stable power consumption, but a noteworthy increase in generation due to the rise of exports. In 2002, the RTE network conveyed 512.3 billion kWh (TWh) versus 503.1 billion kWh (TWh) in 2001, an increase of 1.8%. Overall French exports made considerable strides forward from 72.9 TWh in 2001 to 80.6 TWh in 2002, i.e. 10.6% more than in 2001. On the other hand, overall French imports fell substantially, from 4.4 TWh in 2001 to 3.8 TWh in 2002, or a drop of about 14%. In all, the export balance came to 76.8 TWh in 2002, versus 68.5 TWh in 2001, i.e. a rise of 12%. On Sunday, 22 December 2002, the historical record of the capacity export balance with a value of 13,277 MW, up 2.2%, was bettered. The particularly mild weather conditions in 2002 led to a drop in heating-related consumption, evaluated at 7 billion kWh compared with the prior year. A slight upturn in industrial consumption was to be noted, from 92.7 TWh in 2001 to 93.2 TWh in 2002, i.e. a growth of 0.5%. Total French consumption thus rose in 2002 to 448.7 TWh. Total consumption, adjusted for climate contingencies, showed a rise of 1.6% in 2002. French power producers showed an increase of nearly 2% and the first wind farm was connected to the power transmission network. French electricity output came to 532.9 TWh in 2002, a growth of 1.9%. This increase is divided up between nuclear generation, up 4%, and conventional thermal generation, on the rise by 15.3%. The substantial share of thermal generation can be explained by a correlative drop in hydro generation (less 16.6% compared with 2001) mainly due to extremely low water availability observed during the first months of the year. With 415.5 TWh in output, nuclear power plants provided 78% of French generation, fossil-fired power plants 9.9% with an output of 52.9 TWh

  12. Maestría en atención primaria de salud: Experiencia en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irene Perdomo Victoria

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available La estrategia de la Atención Primaria de Salud es abarcadora, compleja e integradora. Promueve la reorganización de los servicios de atención a la salud de forma que la atención secundaria y terciaria, actúen como apoyo y derivación del nivel de atención primaria. Se orientan las acciones en relación con los distintos factores determinantes de la salud y la enfermedad, requiere de un enfoque necesariamente intersectorial; y conlleva la implicación de individuos y comunidades, no solo en la toma de decisiones, sino también para el desarrollo de una mayor responsabilidad individual sobre su salud, la incorporación y el buen uso de la tecnología apropiada con atención a la relación entre los costos y la efectividad.The primary health care strategy is comprehensive and complex. It promotes the re-organization of health care services so that the secondary and tertiary care act as a sort of support of and derivation from the primary health care, and give guidance on the actions to be taken with different determining factors for health and disease. The strategy requires an inter-sector approach and entails the involvement of both individuals and community not only in the decision-taking process but also in the development of a higher level of individual responsibility for one´s health, and also the introduction and use of adequate technologies, taking cost-effectiveness relation into account.

  13. Social implications of the Human Genome Project: Policy roundtable series and journals. Final progress report, March 15, 2001 - March 15, 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Seiguer, Erica

    2002-12-30

    This report reflects the activities of the Harvard Health Caucus at Harvard Medical School that were supported, in part, by the Department of Energy. The following policy roundtables and panels were held: Spring 2001 Policy Roundtable Series: The social implications of the Human Genome Project; Spring 2002 Policy Roundtable Series: Managing globalization to improve health; 13 February 2002 Keynote Address: The globalization of health; 25 February 2002 Healthier or Wealthier: Which comes first in the new global era?; 28 February 2002 The crisis of neglected diseases: Creating R&D incentives for diseases of developing countries; 7 March 2002 Health care education in the developing world: Bridging global and local health care practices; 20 March 2002 Building a legal framework for global health: How can the US and UN work to reduce global disparities?; 25 April 2002 The role of mass media and tobacco control efforts. Caucus organizational information is also included.

  14. Historical Overview of Leprosy Control in Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beldarraín-Chaple, Enrique

    2017-01-01

    activities. The lowest leprosy incidence of 1.6 per 100,000 population was achieved in 2006. Since 2002, prevalence has remained steady at 0.2 per 10,000 population. Leprosy ceased to be considered a public health problem in Cuba as of 1993. In 1990-2015, 1.6% of new leprosy patients were aged leprosy in Cuba failed to control it. Effective control began in 1963, with the implementation of the National Leprosy Control Program, whose systematic actions have had an impact on trends in leprosy, reflected in WHO's 1993 declaration that leprosy was no longer a public health problem in Cuba. KEYWORDS Leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae, history of medicine, epidemiology, communicable disease control, Cuba.

  15. Influencia del campo magnético sobre el crecimiento de microorganismos patógenos ambientales aislados en el Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matilde Anaya

    2015-09-01

    Conclusión. Se concluyó que el campo magnético aplicado tuvo un efecto estimulante sobre los microorganismos estudiados, lo cual potencia el riesgo para la salud del personal y los visitantes del Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba.

  16. POLA PEMBERIAN ANTIBIOTIKA PENGOBATAN DEMAM TIFOID ANAK DI RUMAH SAKIT FATMAWATI JAKARTA TAHUN 20012002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ascobat Gani

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available The Pattern of the Use of Antibiotics in the Treatment of Children with Typhoid Fever in Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta, 2001-2002. This study was a retrospective study using a descriptive design on the treatment of typhoid fever involving 182 children at Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta. Chloramphenicol was still the drug of choice againts Salmolella typhi. It was also shown that ceftriaxone was an alternative drug used rather frequently for typhoid fever in children.

  17. La regulación emocional y su implicación en la salud del adolescente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yudit Pérez Díaz

    Full Text Available En este artículo se realiza una revisión teórica acerca de un tema que ha cobrado mayor auge en las últimas 2 décadas: la regulación emocional. Se enfatizan las importantes consecuencias que una regulación emocional inadecuada puede tener en el ámbito de la salud mental y física. Precisamente, se resalta su papel en determinados problemas vinculados con la salud del adolescente, tales como, la hipertensión arterial y la depresión. Se destacan investigaciones realizadas en el territorio central de Cuba relacionadas con la temática.

  18. La violencia y los movimientos sociales en el gobierno de Vicente Fox, 2001-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Alberto Velázquez García

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el movimiento social contra la construcción del aeropuerto en San Salvador Atenco entre 2001 y 2002. Este movimiento es la primera movilización social que enfrenta el presidente Vicente Fox. Se examinan los recursos utilizados en sus acciones, lo que incluye la utilización de la violencia y las consecuencias que tuvo para la imagen presidencial; se emplea la teoría de movilización de recursos para observar las formas de manifestación utilizadas frente al Estado.

  19. Política de Saúde Mental no Brasil: evolução do gasto federal entre 2001 e 2009 Política de Salud Mental en Brasil: evolución del gasto federal entre 2001 y 2009 Mental Health Policy in Brazil: federal expenditure evolution between 2001 and 2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata Weber Gonçalves

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a evolução de estimativas do gasto federal com o Programa de Saúde Mental desde a promulgação da lei nacional de saúde mental. MÉTODOS: O gasto federal total do Programa de Saúde Mental e seus componentes de gastos hospitalares e extra-hospitalares foi estimado a partir de 21 categorias de gastos de 2001 a 2009. Os valores dos gastos foram atualizados para valores em reais de 2009 por meio da aplicação do Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo. Foi calculado o valor per capita/ano do gasto federal em saúde mental. RESULTADOS: Observou-se o crescimento real de 51,3% do gasto em saúde mental no período. A desagregação do gasto revelou aumento expressivo do valor extra-hospitalar (404,2% e decréscimo do hospitalar (-39,5%. O gasto per capita teve crescimento real menor, embora expressivo (36,2%. A série histórica do gasto per capita desagregado mostrou que em 2006, pela primeira vez, o gasto extra-hospitalar foi maior que o hospitalar. O valor per capita extra-hospitalar teve o crescimento real de 354,0%; o valor per capita hospitalar decresceu 45,5%. CONCLUSÕES: Houve crescimento real dos recursos federais investidos em saúde mental entre 2001 e 2009 e investimento expressivo nas ações extra-hospitalares. Houve inversão no direcionamento dos recursos, a partir de 2006, na direção dos serviços comunitários. O componente do financiamento teve papel crucial como indutor da mudança de modelo de atenção em saúde mental. O desafio para os próximos anos é sustentar e aumentar os recursos para a saúde mental num contexto de desfinanciamento do Sistema Único de Saúde.OBJETIVO: Analizar la evolución de estimaciones de gasto federal con el Programa de Salud Mental desde la promulgación de la ley nacional de salud mental. MÉTODOS: El gasto federal total del Programa de Salud Mental en Brasil y sus componentes de gastos hospitalarios y extra-hospitalarios fue estimado a partir de 21 categorías de

  20. Selective dissemination of health information: Bulletins of the National Medical Library of Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sonia Santana Arroyo

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The National Medical Library of Cuba (BMN has the mission to ensure the provision of scientific and technology information to the community of professionals that make up the healthcare sector in the country, primarily the Ministry of Public Health, identified as prioritized user of BMN, in order to elevate the quality of care, research, management and teaching, as well as to encourage the finding of new solutions that enable to face health problems in Cuba and in the world. This article aims to describe the making process of the bulletins: Bibliomed, Bibliomed Supplemento, BiblioDir and Factográfico de Salud, which are offered by specialists from Selective Dissemination of Information Service that resides in the BMN area of Customer Service, in order to support the decision making of health managers of Cuba Ministry of Public Health. For this purpose, the paper details scope, content, sections, team responsibility, procedures for preparing and processing the bulletins. Most used sources of information and skills of staff are also presented. Such Informative scientific work strengthen BMN as a paradigm of the cuban medical libraries network, transforming the pattern of a traditional library into a modern library, characterized by an effective knowledge management and development processes in virtual environments.

  1. [History of Instituto Nacional de Salud Ocupacional del Peru].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cossio-Brazzan, Juan M

    2012-06-01

    In Peru, the industry's development has made economic improvements but at the same time, it has had a major impact on the health of the workers; for that reason, it was necessary to generate control mechanisms. So, in 1940 it was created the Departmento de Higiene Industrial, which in 1956 was changed to Instituto de Salud Ocupacional, but it was deactivated in 1994. However, in 2001 it reappeared into the Ministerio de Salud organizational structure with the name of Instituto de Salud Ocupacional "Alberto Hurtado Abadía". Actually, it is the Centro Nacional de Salud Ocupacional y Protección del Ambiente para la Salud (CENSOPAS), organ of the Instituto Nacional de Salud which continues working in synergy with other institutions and sectors, making research to protect the health of exposed persons (workers and community) to contamination and risks associated with economic activities.

  2. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in France: the boost of the national funding for the new expensive innovative technologies (STIC 2001 and 2002)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marchal, C.; Lapeyre, M.; Bensadoun, R.J.; Gerard, J.P.; Hasle, E.; Carrere, M.O.

    2003-01-01

    The STIC 2001 and STIC 2002 projects intend to allow the implementation and the assessment of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy in France. IMRT is an innovative technique in which the high-dose radiation volume conforms to an accurately defined target volume with less morbidity to the surrounding normal tissues. The main medical objectives of the projects are (1) to improve the therapeutic index while decreasing acute toxicity and late sequelae (mainly xerostomia and acute mucite for head and neck tumors), which allows an increase in the radiation dose to the tumor and then a better tumor control; (2) to propose a salvage treatment to patients who locally recurred in previously irradiated sites; (3) to determine the optimal treatment guidelines for a safe use of the technique in clinical routine. Our projects also aim at comparing IMRT and 3D conformal treatments on the one hand (STIC 2001), and IMRT and conventional treatments on the other hand (STIC 2002), with regard to costs. As a matter of fact, the use of IMRT is presently limited in France because its implementation requires high investment and personnel costs. The seventeen French Regional Cancer Centres involved in the two projects intend to study the additional cost of the use IMRT in comparison with the use of standard techniques, which appears to be a step for a wide use of this technique in France. Each of the studies is two-year prospective, and includes patients with head and neck tumors treated with a curative intend (post operative or exclusive treatments for STIC 2002 and STIC 2002), and patients with a prostate cancer (STIC 2001). (author)

  3. Formación epistemográfica en los tecnólogos de la salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yusmila Felipe Puebla

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio exploratorio con egresados de la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud "Dr. Juan Manuel Páez Inchausti" de Santiago de Cuba, desde noviembre de 2010 hasta abril de 2011, para determinar el estado actual de la formación epistemográfica de los tecnólogos de la salud. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos, propios de la investigación pedagógica, los cuales revelaron insuficiencias en el conocimiento práctico y reflexivo de temáticas relacionadas con las tecnologías de la salud, limitaciones en la exactitud, claridad, concisión y originalidad de los textos, así como en su reflexión epistemológica. Se concluye que existen dificultades en cuanto a las estrategias de superación profesional del tecnólogo de la salud, que permitan la producción de textos científicos, por lo que se introducen nuevas propuestas para su tratamiento.

  4. Evaluation of the occupational exposure to external sources of ionizing radiation in Cuba in the period 2001-2005

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Molina P, D.; Martinez H, E.; Castro S, A.

    2006-01-01

    The single radiological surveillance of the occupational exposure to external radiation sources in Cuba it is carried out by the Radiation Protection and Hygiene Center (CPHR). The data corresponding to the external exposure are presented. The service it covers to all the occupationally exposed workers (TOEs) of the country that work fundamentally the radiodiagnostic practices, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and research. The purpose of this work is to carry out an analysis of the occupational exposures of the TOE of the country starting of the results registered by the service of single radiological surveillance in the period 2001 to 2005, keeping in mind the indicators used by the UNSCEAR. The annual average effective dose (E) for each practice is shown. The obtained results showed that the values of annual average effective dose (E) its are bigger for the radiodiagnostic practices, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine. In a general way, all the E values are inferior to 2.00 mSv. The number of TOEs that overcame the 20 mSv established as annual dose limit, it went inferior to 1% of the controlled total universe. (Author)

  5. Aborto y natalidad, razones médicas o de conveniencia a la salud en la sociedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomás Rodríguez López

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: se hace una revisión sobre el aborto, poniendo de manifiesto como el delito criminal ha evolucionado a la legitimidad destacando las posiciones de la Iglesia Católica, que eleva al feto a la categoría de persona antes de tener vialidad. Objetivo: valorar la situación legal en Cuba, amparado por la Resolución 24 del 2013 del Ministro de Salud que lo regula reconociendo a la grávida ese derecho. Material y método: se utilizan en el estudio métodos descriptivos, histórico lógico, estadísticos y demográficos. Se revisaron las tasas de abortos por embarazos comparativas del período de estudio que abarcaron los años desde 1970 a 2013 en la provincia Pinar del Río relacionadas con la natalidad. Conclusiones: el aborto en Cuba está reconocido como derecho femenino. Se rodea de cuidados científicos y éticos. Se practica en instituciones de salud y relaciona con la disminución de natalidad; resulta necesaria una nueva orientación educativa que contenga los valores que la reproducción implica para la salvaguarda de la salud de la mujer, y de la sociedad por sobre los intereses y motivos placenteros personales desligados de la utilidad social de cuanto hacemos con nuestras vidas.

  6. Comportamiento del asma bronquial en Cuba e importancia de la prevención de las enfermedades alérgicas en infantes Behavior of bronchial asthma in Cuba and importance of the prevention from allergic diseases in infants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anselmo Abdo Rodríguez

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available El asma es una enfermedad frecuente que continúa siendo difícil de diagnosticar, sobre todo en la primera infancia; y además, es de difícil tratamiento, a pesar de los avances medicamentosos de los últimos años. Por tales razones, las organizaciones de salud pública y los organismos que se ocupan de ella a nivel mundial, cada día enfocan su atención, fundamentalmente, al capítulo de la prevención, particularmente, en el niño propenso a ser asmático. Se analizan las estadísticas relacionadas con el asma bronquial de los años 2001-2004 en Cuba, específicamente en lo referente a: prevalencia en pacientes dispensarizados por asma según grupos de edad y sexo; número de pacientes dispensarizados por asma según grupos de edad; tasa de prevalencia de pacientes dispensarizados por asma según provincias; así como las principales causas de egresos hospitalarios con diagnóstico de asma según estado al egreso. Se presentan recomendaciones prácticas para la prevención de enfermedades alérgicas en infantes con riesgo.Asthma is a frequent disease that is still difficult to diagnose, mainly in early childhood. It is also difficult to treat, in spite of the medical advances attained in the last years. For these reasons, the health public organizations and the bodies having to do with it at the world level focus their attention mainly on prevention, particularly in the child that is prone to be asthmatic. The statistics related to bronchial asthma from 2001 to 2004 in Cuba, specially what refers to the prevalence in patients suffering from asthma categorized by age and sex, the number of asthmatic patients categorized by age groups, the rate of prevalence of asthmatic patients categorized by province, as well as the main causes of hospital discharges with asthma diagnosis according to their state at discharge, are analyzed. Practical recommendations are given for the prevention of allergic diseases in infants at risk.

  7. White Sturgeon Mitigation and Restoration in the Columbia and Snake Rivers Upstream from Bonneville Dam; 2001-2002 Annual Report.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ward, David L.; Kern, J. Chris; Hughes, Michele L.

    2003-12-01

    We report on our progress from April 2001 through March 2002 on determining the effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam, and on determining the status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam.

  8. Municipios por la salud: Proyecto provincial de Ciudad de la Habana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana María Chalgub Moreno

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Los conceptos de Promoción de Salud no son nuevos para los que enfocan la salud como parte de una totalidad y no como un componente aislado, es "proporcionar a los pueblos los medios necesarios para mejorar la salud y ejercer un mayor control sobre ella". Los proyectos de Municipios por la Salud, integran la acción de Promoción y Prevención, pilares fundamentales en el modelo de Atención Primaria en Cuba para el desarrollo de salud ambiental, enfermedades no trasmisibles, trasmisibles y otros daños de la salud. En los municipios donde el gobierno solicita la implantación de estos proyectos, realizará la capacitación en Promoción de Salud a los miembros del Consejo de Administración Municipal, Consejos de Salud Municipales y Populares, personal implicado en el proyecto y a los promotores de la población que se han involucrado en el movimiento; se realizará el análisis de la Situación de Salud con participación comunitaria y determinación de prioridades, utilizando el Método de Hanlon, se caracterizará por todos los organismos, incluyendo salud, el lugar donde se va a trabajar; se confeccionará el proyecto y los subproyectos que saldrán a partir del análisis con la comunidad, se realizará evaluación inicial por medio de encuestas o grupos focales, realizándose monitoreo sistemático para evaluar su marcha. El impacto de estos proyectos se medirá a corto, mediano y largo plazo.The conepts of health promotion are not new for those who consider health as a whole and not as an isolated component. It means to -give peoples the necessary means to improve health and to have a better control of its-. The projects of the municipalites for health are part of the action of Promotion and Prevention, which are the fundamental milestones in the model of Primary Care in Cuba for the development of environmental health, communicable and non- communicable diseases and other health damages. In the municipalities where the goverment thinks

  9. An overview of sugarcane brown rust in Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María La O

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Multiple pathogens affect sugarcane, among them Puccinia melanocephala, the causal agent of brown rust. This disease was first reported in Cuba in 1979 when it was responsible for a severe attack on the main sugarcane variety B4362. The aims of the present study were to give an overview of sugarcane brown rust in Cuba and show the current disease situation in the country. A retrospective analysis regard to sugarcane cultivar composition resistant to brown rust in Cuba was carried out. In addition 154 genotypes, including the most used progenitors in the breeding program and commercial varieties were evaluated under natural infection conditions. The identity of P. melanocephala was verified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR and by sequencing the ITS1 region. After the introduction of P. melanocephala into Cuba, the susceptible variety, B4362, was replaced by Ja60-5 which remained resistant until 1998. Since 2002, a varietal policy supported by a governmental resolution establishing that any single cultivar cannot occupy more than 20 % of the production area for each production company, local area and province, has been applied. Out of the genotypes evaluated, 49 showed resistance to the disease and 35 intermediate behavior, while 39 were susceptible and 31, highly susceptible. P. melanocephala was detected by PCR in all symptomatic samples and its identify confirmed by sequencing the ITS1 region. The adopted measurement together with permanent phytosanitary monitoring and commercial release of resistant or intermediate cultivars succeeded in avoiding any new epidemic. Inoculum pressure was reduced, even on susceptible and highly susceptible varieties since, by resolution, they cannot occupy more than 10 % of the planted area.

  10. Importancia del Programa de Deteccion Temprana del cancer bucal en Cuba

    OpenAIRE

    Morales Navarro, Denia; Rodríguez Lay, Liliana; García Jordán, Mariela

    2009-01-01

    El cáncer es un factor importante de la carga mundial de morbilidad, y lo será cada vez más en los decenios venideros. El aumento global del número de casos de cáncer bucal y la factibilidad de realizar acciones de salud específicas nos motivó a consultar la bibliografía que maneja este tema e indagar sobre los resultados del Programa de Detección del Cáncer Bucal en Cuba. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica mediante la consulta de bases de datos de los sistemas referativos, como MEDLINE y ...

  11. La Biblioteca Médica Nacional de Cuba tiene la primicia: curso Cochrane Library, aprendizaje con estrategias para obtener las mejores evidencias en salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sonia Santana Arroyo

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available La Biblioteca Médica Nacional de Cuba ha puesto en marcha un programa de alfabetización informacional para adiestrar a sus usuarios y fomentar en ellos las habilidades necesarias para el uso de bases de datos, así como para fomentar el uso de estrategias de búsquedas bien diseñadas y validadas por los bibliotecarios especialistas en información. En el presente trabajo se describen contenidos y habilidades que se fomentan en el curso “Cochrane Library: La Medicina Basada en Evidencias”, cuyo objetivo es que el usuario domine esta base de datos y el concepto de medicina basada en evidencias para la toma de mejores decisiones en la atención médica. Durante el curso se introduce además el Modelo Big 6, como guía del pensamiento para resolver problemas de información que facilite la búsqueda y la organización de la información médica basada en evidencias. Igualmente, se capacita al estudiante para que diseñe productos informativos, como boletines electrónicos, que le permitan tanto presentar los resultados de búsquedas de información como promover información para el cuidado de la salud en el futuro

  12. Oceanographic temperature and salinity measurements collected using CTD and XBT from URANIA in the Mediterranean Sea from 2001 to 2002 (NODC Accession 0043698)

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Temperature, tritium and other measurements found in datasets XBT and CTD taken from the URANIA (Call sign IQSU) in the Mediteranean from 2001 to 2002 (NODC...

  13. The Unequal Burden of Weight Gain: An Intersectional Approach to Understanding Social Disparities in BMI Trajectories from 1986 to 2001/2002

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ailshire, Jennifer A.; House, James S.

    2011-01-01

    The implications of recent weight gain trends for widening social disparities in body weight in the United States are unclear. Using an intersectional approach to studying inequality, and the longitudinal and nationally representative American's Changing Lives study (1986-2001/2002), we examine social disparities in body mass index trajectories…

  14. Infarto Miocárdico Agudo: una perspectiva desde la Atención Primaria de Salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lianne Ramos Marrero

    Full Text Available Introducción: las enfermedades del corazón constituyen la primera causa de muerte a nivel mundial. Durante más de cuatro décadas, Cuba comportó similar estadística hasta el año 2012, a partir del cual el cáncer se situó como la primera causa de muerte; no obstante la enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen un problema de salud de segundo orden para Cuba y dentro de este ítem el infarto miocárdico agudo como la principal causa de muerte. Objetivo: profundizar en el conocimiento sobre los elementos diagnósticos y de la conducta ante un infarto miocárdico agudo en el nivel primario de atención. Desarrollo: se hace especial énfasis en los elementos diagnósticos y la conducta recomendada ajustada a las posibilidades del nivel primario de atención. Conclusiones: el Infarto miocárdico agudo aporta la mayor mortalidad dentro de las enfermedades cardiacas, de causa multifactorial, su diagnóstico en la atención primaria de salud se basa en el cuadro clínico y cambios electrocardiográficos. La trombólisis es piedra angular en el tratamiento temprano de reperfusión.

  15. Vigilancia de la resistencia a los fármacos antituberculosos en Cuba, 2000-2009 Surveillance of resistance to antitubercular drugs in Cuba, 2000-2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernesto Montoro

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de la resistencia a los fármacos antituberculosos en Cuba en el decenio 2000-2009. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo longitudinal. El universo de trabajo estuvo constituido por un total de 2 285 aislamientos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis obtenidos de todo el país en el período comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 2000 y el 31 de diciembre de 2009. Se empleó el método de las proporciones en medio Löwenstein-Jensen con los fármacos de primera línea: isoniazida, estreptomicina, etambutol y rifampicina. RESULTADOS: La resistencia entre los casos nuevos y los pacientes con antecedente de tratamiento previo fue de 8,5% y 37,0%, respectivamente; para estas mismas categorías de caso, la multirresistencia fue de 0,4% y 8,8%, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: El presente estudio muestra baja prevalencia de cepas multirresistentes en Cuba. Estos resultados reflejan los avances logrados por el programa nacional de control, que trabaja en la actualidad hacia la eliminación de la tuberculosis como problema de salud pública en el país.OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of resistance to antitubercular drugs in Cuba in the 2000-2009 decade. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted. The sample group consisted of 2  285 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates obtained from throughout the country in the period from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2009. The proportion method was used in Löwenstein-Jensen media with the first-line drugs: isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol, and rifampicin. RESULTS: In the new cases and patients with a history of previous treatment, resistance was 8.5% and 37.0%, respectively. In these case categories, multidrug resistance was 0.4% and 8.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows low prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains in Cuba. The results reflect the progress made by the national control program, which is currently working on the elimination of

  16. Homicidios diarios. Análisis del discurso periodístico sobre homicidios por armas de fuego. Buenos Aires (Argentina 2001-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Federico

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Durante los años 2001 y 2002, la Argentina atravesó una grave crisis política y social, alcanzando niveles de pobreza y exclusión inauditos. En esos años, los diferentes tipos de violencia urbana mostraron un marcado incremento, en especial los homicidios cometidos mediante el uso de armas de fuego, constituyéndose en una problemática social con importantes repercusiones para la salud pública. El presente artículo es producto de una investigación cualitativa que indagó, mediante un análisis crítico del discurso, las diferentes modalidades con que los diarios La Nación y Clarín dieron cuenta de los hechos acaecidos -durante dicho período- en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Los datos se obtuvieron de la recopilación de material de hemeroteca, y fueron analizados a partir de una técnica propia referenciada en la Escuela Francesa de Análisis del Discurso. En cuanto a los resultados del estudio, se subraya: el posicionamiento más popular adoptado por el diario Clarín (lógica enunciativa de la verosimilitud, en contraposicióncon la búsqueda de objetividad de La Nación (lógica de la verificación, asumiendo ambos un carácter complementario en la producción y reproducción social de sentido, al dar cuenta de las muertes por homicidios ocasionadas mediante el uso de armas de fuego.

  17. La situación de la salud-enfermedad-atención de la primera infancia en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires entre 1990 y 2002

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    Victoria Mazzeo

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available A partir de la década del ´90 se presenta un proceso de creciente desigualdad en la sociedad, con sectores que registran mayores dificultades en el acceso a bienes y servicios, ya sea por sus bajos ingresos o por la pérdida de sus derechos sociales como consecuencia de la precarización laboral. En este contexto, los niños representan el grupo de mayor vulnerabilidad en donde los condicionantes sociales, económicos, culturales y ambientales son determinantes de su situación de salud. El propósito del artículo fue describir, a partir de datos secundarios, los cambios en la mortalidad de la primera infancia y en la atención de la salud infantil de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, para el período 1990-2002, diferenciando grupos sociales y/o áreas espaciales.

  18. CASE STUDY: Cuba — Farmers and Researchers Reshape Cuba's ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    2011-01-05

    Jan 5, 2011 ... But working together with groups of farmers, a team of young plant breeders is turning things around. ... English · Français ... CASE STUDY: Cuba — Farmers and Researchers Reshape Cuba's Agriculture ... One method the researchers used to introduce farmers to new or unknown varieties or lines was the ...

  19. Repercusión de los factores de riesgo reproductivos del hombre sobre la salud reproductiva de la mujer y su descendencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Muguercia Silva

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Se efectuó un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo, de serie de casos, de 9 parejas pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico "30 de Noviembre" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2012, con vistas a identificar los factores de riesgo reproductivos preconcepcionales del hombre y su repercusión sobre la salud reproductiva de la mujer y su descendencia. En la casuística, los hábitos tóxicos, la violencia intrafamiliar, el no uso del condón, así como las relaciones extramatrimoniales influyeron negativamente en la salud reproductiva de la pareja; en tanto, el conocimiento que poseían los hombres sobre el Programa de Riesgo Reproductivo Preconcepcional fue inadecuado

  20. La salud y el medio ambiente, un tema bioético

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana María Cid-Elorriaga

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: evidenciar la importancia del pensamiento bioético para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la vida del ser humano. Desarrollo: se revisaron los conceptos de salud, medio ambiente, problema ambiental, ecología y bioética destacándose la evolución de esta última a través del desarrollo social y se citan los análisis y la preocupación de grandes pensadores con respecto al tema. Se expone como se ha manifestado la concientización y las medidas tomadas a nivel global y en Cuba por el cambio climático ocasionado por el maltrato y deterioro de la naturaleza en su conjunto. Se comentan las afectaciones que pronostican el cambio climático sobre el medio ambiente y la salud humana. Se analiza la importancia del conocimiento de la bioética en este conflicto. Conclusiones: es importante que el personal médico se apodere de conocimientos ambientalistas a partir del dominio de la bioética, para con ello influir en la creación de una conciencia social ecológica que ayude a preservar la salud humana.

  1. Diferencias relacionadas con la salud de mujeres y hombres adultos mayores

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ileana E Castañeda Abascal

    Full Text Available Introducción: la humanidad se enfrenta a la elevación del número de ancianos(as. Cuba no es una excepción. La salud en ancianos(as es diferente, debido a los factores biológicos, psicológicos y culturales a que están expuestos a lo largo de la vida, de ahí la necesidad de su estudio. Objetivos: identificar las diferencias relacionadas con la salud de mujeres y hombres adultos mayores en el área de salud Cuatro Caminos, durante el año 2009. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por los 1 562 ancianos (761 mujeres y 801 hombres residentes en el área de salud Cuatro Caminos. La información se recolectó a través de los registros de adultos mayores, hojas de cargo de los consultorios médicos de la familia, y una entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a la totalidad del universo. Resultados: las edades más representadas para ambos sexos estuvieron entre 60 y 79 años. Tanto mujeres como hombres padecían enfermedades crónicas, destacándose la hipertensión arterial. Las féminas fueron más frecuentes en los ancianos frágiles y en estado de necesidad. Los ancianos solos fueron mayoritariamente hombres. Las mujeres se realizaron más los exámenes periódicos de salud y recibieron atención domiciliaria. Conclusiones: la salud, las actividades que realizan y la atención geriátrica son diferentes en mujeres y hombres adultos mayores.

  2. Health Physics Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2002 Data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education

    2003-01-01

    The survey includes degrees granted between July 1, 2001 and June 30, 2002. Enrollment information refers to the fall term 2002. Thirty-six academic programs at 35 different institutions were in the survey universe and all responded (100% response rate). Several of these programs did not have any degrees awarded during the time period. Five programs included in the 2001 survey were either discontinued or out-of-scope and not included in 2002 survey

  3. Gasto catastrófico en salud en México y sus factores determinantes, 2002-2014.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodríguez-Aguilar, Román; Rivera-Peña, Gustavo

    2017-01-01

    To assess the financial protection of public health insurance by analyzing the percentage of households with catastrophic health expenditure (HCHE) in Mexico and its relationship with poverty status, size of locality, federal entity, insurance status and items of health spending. Mexican National Survey of Income and Expenditures 2002-2014 was used to estimate the percentage of HCHE. Through a probit model, factors associated with the occurrence of catastrophic spending are identified. Analysis was performed using Stata-SE 12. In 2014 there were 2.08% of HCHE (1.82-2.34%; N = 657,474). The estimated probit model correctly classified 98.2% of HCHE (Pr (D) ≥ 0.5). Factors affecting the catastrophic expenditures were affiliation, presence of chronic disease, hospitalization expenditure, rural condition and that the household is below the food poverty line. The percentage of HCHE decreased in recent years, improving financial protection in health. This decline seems to have stalled, keeping inequities in access to health services, especially in rural population without affiliation to any health institution, below the food poverty line and suffering from chronic diseases. Copyright: © 2017 SecretarÍa de Salud

  4. La epidemia del zika beneficia a la salud materna?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Rizo-Gil

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available En Colombia se reportan entre 550.000 y 700.000 nacimientos en 12 meses según estimaciones basadas en las tendencias de natalidad del primer decenio del siglo XXI. Según registros estadísticos y proyecciones de estudios recientes , en el país se reporto un promedio anual de 476 muertes de mujeres embarazadas entre 2005 y 2012, por diversas causas. El Análisis de Situación de Salud (asis del Ministerio de Salud reportó en 2012 una razón de mortalidad (rmm de 65.89 muertes maternas anuales por cada 100.000 nacimientos, cifra en descenso pero que no se compadece con el estado de desarrollo de Colombia. Si se compara la rmm del país con las de Cuba, Costa Rica o Chile, se podrá ver cuánto estos países, con bajas cifras de la rmm, (< 22 x 100.000 nos aventajan en el cuidado de la mujer durante su gestación, el parto y el puerperio.

  5. Método de actuación del tecnólogo en salud Method of performance to the health technologist

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio González León

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Se realiza una revisión de los procesos formativos desarrollados en Cuba para la formación de técnicos y tecnólogos de la salud, así como de otros profesionales del sector, para resaltar la necesidad de la existencia de un método de actuación que guíe dicho proceso formativo. Se brindan elementos generales a cerca de los métodos utilizados por las ciencias en general y se particulariza en los métodos utilizados en el sector salud. Se propone un método de actuación pera los Tecnólogos en Salud, carrera de reciente formación, así como un esbozo de su perfil ocupacional genérico, teniendo en cuenta que este dispone de 8 perfiles de salida diferentes, actualmente se está inmerso en un proceso de reordenamiento de la carrera, en momentos en que se universaliza el proceso de enseñanza universitaria en nuestro país. Consideramos que esta propuesta debe ser del dominio de profesores y estudiantes como una vía de contribuir a elevar la calidad de su formación y su aporte a la sociedad.A review of the formative process developed in Cuba to train health technicians and technologists, as other professionals in the health sector was presented in order to highlight the need of a management method which guides the formative process. General elements about the methods applied in the universal sciences, particularly those used in health sector are given. The proposal was designed to establish a management method to health technologists, a new degree course; which is comprised of eight different occupational profiles that are offered to the graduates; currently a process of reorganization is taking place, all together with the universalization of higher education in Cuba. This proposal should be learned by professors and students in order to enhance the quality of formative process and in return their contribution to the society.

  6. Examen estatal de la carrera de Medicina. Evolución en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guadalupe Alvarez-Bustamante

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Describir la evolución del examen estatal en Cuba de la carrera de Medicina. Desarrollo: Un dilema de las facultades y escuelas de Medicina en todo el mundo y en Cuba, ha sido la evaluación del progreso de los estudiantes a la largo de la carrera. En Cuba el pensamiento estratégico educacional del Comandante en Jefe, Fidel Castro Ruz, ha permitido mantener un desarrollo ascendente en la educación cubana, A partir del curso académico 1998-1999, se determinó por el Ministerio de Salud Pública (Minsap la realización del examen estatal a los estudiantes de sexto año de Medicina. En la metodología que existe para la realización del instrumento evaluativo escrito del examen estatal no existe una indicación declarada por etapas y organizada, que pueda guiar a la Comisión Nacional de Examen Estatal con uniformidad y siguiendo un pensamiento científico para la confección de estos instrumentos evaluativos. Los autores de la presente revisión consideran que estos exámenes deben responder a los objetivos generales de la carrera y al perfil del egresado, con la utilización de una metodología más precisa. Conclusiones: El Examen Estatal de la carrera de Medicina ha tenido una evolución en ascenso desde sus inicios, precisando en la actualidad una nueva metodología para la confección de su instrumento teórico.

  7. Un acercamiento impostergable del sistema cubano de salud a la calidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jenny Hernández Betancourt

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Es inconcebible en la actualidad abordar la salud sin asociar de manera simultánea el término “calidad”. En Cuba, la calidad en salud constituye una prioridad política y estatal, que se fundamenta en un conjunto de principios organizativos, que están respaldados legalmente. El cumplimiento de las normas y el desarrollo de la metrología forman parte, complementan y retroalimentan a la calidad. En todos los contextos, la calidad debe ser instrumentada y evaluada a punto de partida de estándares internacionales. Establecer un sistema de gestión de calidad en el sistema de salud se presenta como una alternativa válida e imprescindible. Actualmente coexisten varios enfoques para medir la calidad. Independientemente del programa que se escoja, en salud es la satisfacción de los pacientes vista  como el primordial medidor de calidad. En las universidades médicas se impone, partiendo del hecho de que es allí donde acontece la formación del futuro profesional, a partir de una instrucción de máximo nivel y de los más elevados principios éticos. Por otra parte en el laboratorio, como en ningún otro servicio que se brinda en el sistema de salud, es indispensable un estricto control de calidad, para  garantizar resultados altamente confiables. Es una necesidad imperiosa para nuestro país y para la provincia acelerar el proceso de implementación de sistemas de gestión de la calidad que avalen y soporten los servicios de salud, para garantizar un aumento sostenido y ascendente de la satisfacción de nuestros principales usuarios: los pacientes.

  8. Diferenças clínicas observadas em pacientes com dengue causadas por diferentes sorotipos na epidemia de 2001/2002, ocorrida no município do Rio de Janeiro Clinical differences observed in patients with dengue caused by different serotypes in the epidemic of 2001/2002, occurred in Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maíla Naves Pereira Passos

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as diferenças clínicas e epidemiológicas das infecções causadas pelos distintos sorotipos do vírus do dengue na epidemia 2001-2002 no município do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisados 362 casos com isolamento viral, sendo 62 do sorotipo 1,62 do sorotipo 2, e 238 do sorotipo 3. Estes casos foram notificados ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN de janeiro/2001 até junho/2002. Os indivíduos infectados com o sorotipo 3 tiveram uma chance 6,07 vezes maior de apresentar choque em relação aos indivíduos com o sorotipo 2 (OR=6,07; IC:1,10-43,97. A chance de apresentar dor abdominal foi 3,06 maior nos infectados pelo sorotipo 3 do que naqueles por sorotipo 1 (OR=3,06; IC:0,99-9,66. Nos infectados com o sorotipo 3, a chance de ocorrer exantema foi 3,61 vezes maior que naqueles com o sorotipo 1 (OR=3,61; IC:1,16-11,51 e 3,55 vezes maior que aqueles com o sorotipo 2 (OR=3,55; IC:1,28-9,97. Este estudo mostra que indivíduos acometidos pelo sorotipo 3 apresentaram dengue com maior gravidade.The authors evaluated clinical and epidemiological differences among the serotypes of dengue in Rio de Janeiro's 2001-2002 outbreak of the disease. Out of 362 cases that had viral isolation samples, notified by the Information System for Notification Diseases (SINAN, from January/2001 to June/2002, 62 were caused by serotype 1,62 by serotype 2 and 238 by serotype 3. In comparison with serotype 2, an individual infected by serotype 3 had a 6.07 times higher chance (OR = 6.07; CI: 1.10-43.97 of presenting shock and a 3.55 times higher chance (OR = 3.55; CI: 1.28-9.97 of developing exanthema. When compared to serotype 1, serotype 3 had a 3.06 times higher chance (OR = 3.06; CI: 0.99-9.66 of causing abdominal pain and a 3.61 times higher chance of exanthema (OR = 3.61; CI: 1.16-11.51. It was found that individuals infected by serotype 3 of the virus presented signs indicating a more severe disease.

  9. An Island Called Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean Stubbs

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Review of: An Island Called Home: Returning to Jewish Cuba. Ruth Behar, photographs by Humberto Mayol. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2007. xiii + 297 pp. (Cloth US$ 29.95 Fidel Castro: My Life: A Spoken Autobiography. Fidel Castro & Ignacio Ramonet. New York: Scribner/Simon & Schuster, 2008. vii + 724 pp. (Paper US$ 22.00, e-book US$ 14.99 Cuba: What Everyone Needs to Know. Julia E. Sweig. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. xiv + 279 pp. (Paper US$ 16.95 [First paragraph] These three ostensibly very different books tell a compelling story of each author’s approach, as much as the subject matter itself. Fidel Castro: My Life: A Spoken Autobiography is based on a series of long interviews granted by the then-president of Cuba, Fidel Castro, to Spanish-Franco journalist Ignacio Ramonet. Cuba: What Everyone Needs to Know, by U.S. political analyst Julia Sweig, is one of a set country series, and, like Ramonet’s, presented in question/answer format. An Island Called Home: Returning to Jewish Cuba, with a narrative by Cuban-American anthropologist Ruth Behar and photographs by Cuban photographer Humberto Mayol, is a retrospective/introspective account of the Jewish presence in Cuba. While from Ramonet and Sweig we learn much about the revolutionary project, Behar and Mayol convey the lived experience of the small Jewish community against that backdrop.

  10. Faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among humans in Java, Indonesia, in 2001-2002.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Severin, Juliëtte A; Lestari, Endang Sri; Kloezen, Wendy; Lemmens-den Toom, Nicole; Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Kuntaman, Kuntaman; Purwanta, Marijam; Duerink, D Offra; Hadi, Usman; van Belkum, Alex; Verbrugh, Henri A; Goessens, Wil H

    2012-04-01

    To characterise commensal Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime that were collected in a large survey carried out among 3995 patients and healthy persons in two urban regions on Java, Indonesia, in 2001-2002. The putative extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae were analysed using double-disk synergy tests, isoelectric focusing, PCR assays, DNA sequencing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). On the day of discharge after five or more days of hospitalisation, at least 95 of 999 (9.5%) patients carried ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae as dominant faecal flora. Six patients were simultaneously colonised with E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with ESBL activity. On admission, only 6 of 998 (0.6%) patients were colonised. Faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae among healthy persons or persons visiting a public health centre was not detected. The 107 ESBL-positive strains included 68 E. coli, 35 K. pneumoniae, and four other Enterobacteriaceae. bla(CTX-M-15) was the most prevalent ESBL in both E. coli (47.1%) and K. pneumoniae (45.7%), but the E. coli O25b-ST131 clone was virtually absent. Other ESBL types found were: SHV-2, -2a, -5, -12, CTX-M-3, -9, -14, and TEM-19. PFGE revealed extensive genetic diversity among the isolates. In 2001-2002, faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae as dominant flora in Indonesia was almost exclusively hospital-associated. The presence of various bla(ESBL) genes and the extensive genetic diversity among isolates argue against a single/dominant strain outbreak. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  11. Implementación del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional en Cuba: evaluación de capacidades básicas del sector salud en provincias seleccionadas Implementation of the International Health Regulations in Cuba: evaluation of basic capacities of the health sector in selected provinces

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ángela Gala

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Obtener información de línea base sobre el estado de las capacidades básicas del sector salud a nivel local, municipal y provincial, a fin de facilitar la identificación de prioridades y orientar las políticas públicas dirigidas a garantizar los requisitos y capacidades establecidos en el Anexo 1A del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional de 2005 (RSI-2005. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal mediante la aplicación de un instrumento de evaluación de capacidades básicas referidas a la autonomía legal e institucional, el proceso de vigilancia e investigación y la respuesta frente a emergencias sanitarias en 36 entidades involucradas en el control sanitario internacional de los niveles local, municipal y provincial en las provincias de La Habana, Cienfuegos y Santiago de Cuba. RESULTADOS: Los policlínicos y centros provinciales de higiene y epidemiología de las tres provincias contaban con más del 75% de las capacidades básicas requeridas. Doce de 36 unidades disponían del 50% del marco legal e institucional implementado. La vigilancia e investigación de rutina presentaron una disponibilidad variable, mientras que las entidades de La Habana contaron con más del 40% de capacidades básicas en el campo de la respuesta ante eventos. CONCLUSIONES: Las provincias evaluadas cuentan con capacidades básicas instaladas que permitirán la implementación del RSI-2005 según el plazo previsto por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Es necesario establecer y desarrollar planes de acción eficaces para consolidar a la vigilancia como una actividad esencial de seguridad nacional e internacional en términos de salud pública.OBJECTIVE: Obtain baseline information on the status of the basic capacities of the health sector at the local, municipal, and provincial levels in order to facilitate identification of priorities and guide public policies that aim to comply with the requirements and capacities

  12. Calidad de vida y condiciones de salud de la población adulta mayor de Medellín.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Doris Cardona

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. El proceso de envejecimiento presenta limitaciones funcionales, pérdida de autonomía y de independencia, de adaptabilidad y disfuncionalidad motriz, las cuales plantean retos y preocupaciones de vital importancia tanto para quienes las viven como para los organismos gubernamentales y que llevan a preguntarse cuáles son las condiciones de vida y de salud de la población adulta mayor. Objetivo. Caracterizar algunos componentes de la calidad de vida: económicos, familiares, socio-demográficos, de seguridad social y de condiciones de salud de la población adulta mayor (de 65 años o más en la ciudad de Medellín. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con base en la información proveniente de la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida realizada en la ciudad en los años 1997 y 2001; los certificados de defunción de 1990 a 1999; los registros de egresos hospitalarios de 1990 a 1997, y una encuesta telefónica en el año 2002 a 637 adultos mayores seleccionados sistemáticamente. Resultados. Se observó un incremento de 168% en este grupo poblacional desde 1964 a 2001, evidenciando la etapa de transición demográfica plena que vive la ciudad. También se observó una pérdida de poder adquisitivo de 65% entre 1997 y 2001, así como la situación de aislamiento en que viven los ancianos, lo que marca la pérdida de independencia y autoestima. Conclusión. Los componentes de independencia, seguridad socioeconómica y redes de apoyo social constituyen el 97% de la calidad de vida del adulto mayor de la ciudad.

  13. Geotechnical Analysis Report for July 2001 - June 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Washington TRU Solutions LLC

    2002-01-01

    This Geotechnical Analysis Report (GAR) presents and interprets the geotechnical data from the underground excavations at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). The data, which are obtained as part of a regular monitoring program, are used to characterize conditions, to compare actual performance to the design assumptions, and to evaluate and forecast the performance of the underground excavations. GARs have been available to the public since 1983. During the Site and Preliminary Design Validation (SPDV) Program, the architect/engineer for the project produced these reports on a quarterly basis to document the geomechanical performance during and immediately after excavation of the underground facility. Since the completion of the construction phase of the project in 1987, the management and operating contractor for the facility has prepared these reports annually. This report describes the performance and condition of selected areas from July 1, 2001, to June 30, 2002. It is divided into ten chapters. The remainder of Chapter 1 provides background information on WIPP, its mission, and the purpose and scope of the geomechanical monitoring program. Chapter 2 describes the local and regional geology of the WIPP site. Chapters 3 and 4 describe the geomechanical instrumentation located in the shafts and shaft stations, present the data collected by that instrumentation, and provide interpretation of these data. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 present the results of geomechanical monitoring in the three main portions of the WIPP underground facility (the access drifts, the Northern Experimental Area, and the Waste Disposal Area). Chapter 8 discusses the results of the Geoscience Program, which include fracture and stratigraphic mapping, borehole and core logging, and borehole observations. Chapter 9 summarizes the results of the geomechanical monitoring and compares the current excavation performance to the design requirements. Chapter 10 lists the References and Bibliography

  14. Geotechnical Analysis Report for July 2001 - June 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    None, None

    2002-09-20

    This Geotechnical Analysis Report (GAR) presents and interprets the geotechnical data from the underground excavations at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). The data, which are obtained as part of a regular monitoring program, are used to characterize conditions, to compare actual performance to the design assumptions, and to evaluate and forecast the performance of the underground excavations. GARs have been available to the public since 1983. During the Site and Preliminary Design Validation (SPDV) Program, the architect/engineer for the project produced these reports on a quarterly basis to document the geomechanical performance during and immediately after excavation of the underground facility. Since the completion of the construction phase of the project in 1987, the management and operating contractor for the facility has prepared these reports annually. This report describes the performance and condition of selected areas from July 1, 2001, to June 30, 2002. It is divided into ten chapters. The remainder of Chapter 1 provides background information on WIPP, its mission, and the purpose and scope of the geomechanical monitoring program. Chapter 2 describes the local and regional geology of the WIPP site. Chapters 3 and 4 describe the geomechanical instrumentation located in the shafts and shaft stations, present the data collected by that instrumentation, and provide interpretation of these data. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 present the results of geomechanical monitoring in the three main portions of the WIPP underground facility (the access drifts, the Northern Experimental Area, and the Waste Disposal Area). Chapter 8 discusses the results of the Geoscience Program, which include fracture and stratigraphic mapping, borehole and core logging, and borehole observations. Chapter 9 summarizes the results of the geomechanical monitoring and compares the current excavation performance to the design requirements. Chapter 10 lists the References and Bibliography.

  15. State transitions in the 2001/2002 outburst of XTE J1650-500

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rossi, S.; Homan, J.; Miller, J.M.; Belloni, T.

    2004-01-01

    We present a study of the X-ray transient and black hole candidate XTE J1650-500 during its 2001/2002 outburst. The source made two state transitions between the hard and soft states, at luminosity levels that differ by a factor of ∼5-10. The first transition, between hard and soft, lasted for ∼30 days and showed two parts; one part in which the spectral properties evolve smoothly away from the hard state and another that we identify as the 'steep power law state'. The two parts showed different behavior of the Fe K emission line and QPO frequencies. The second transition, from soft to hard, lasted only ∼15 days and showed no evidence of the presence of the 'steep power law state'. Comparing observations from the early rise and the decay of the outburst, we conclude that the source can be in the hard state in a range of more than 10 4 in luminosity. We briefly discuss the state transitions in the framework of a two-flow model

  16. Hacia un modelo de comunicación en salud pública en América Latina y el Caribe Toward a model of communications in public health in Latin America and the Caribbean

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César A. Macías-Chapula

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: No existen estudios bibliométricos ni cienciométricos que permitan examinar con un criterio cuantitativo, retrospectivo e integral la producción científica sobre salud pública en América Latina y el Caribe. Además, las carencias de los sistemas de información existentes no permite examinar la pertinencia, calidad e impacto de la producción científica con miras a evaluarla en función del cumplimiento de determinadas exigencias sociales y del patrón de comunicación científica existente. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar los resultados de un análisis bibliográfico sobre la producción científica en el área de salud pública en la Región de América Latina y el Caribe. El objetivo final del análisis es construir un modelo de comunicación científica en este campo que sirva de apoyo para que investigadores, gestores y trabajadores de la salud pública puedan tomar las decisiones y las acciones necesarias. MÉTODO: El método utilizado consistió en una revisión bibliográfica de la base de datos LILACS-SP para identificar la distribución de las publicaciones sobre salud pública generadas por cada país en el período comprendido entre 1980 y 2002. Los datos obtenidos se procesaron con Microsoft Excel (2000 y Bibexcel (2001, para obtener indicadores de la producción científica, el tipo de documentos publicados, el idioma, el número de autores por publicación, el contenido temático y las instituciones participantes. Para efectos del presente trabajo, la muestra se limitó a los ocho países que arrojaron una producción de documentos superior a los tres mil registros durante el período de estudio. Estos países fueron, en orden descendente de cantidad de registros: Brasil, Chile, México, Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Perú y Cuba. En conjunto, representan 85,10% del total de la producción. RESULTADOS: Los datos recabados ayudaron a establecer las bases de un modelo de comunicación científica en el

  17. Algoritmo de manejo del trauma craneoencefálico leve: Una necesidad social en Cuba Algorism for mild craneo - encephalic trauma management social necessity in Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ariel Varela Hernández

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available El tema del traumatismo craneoencefálico leve ha sido poco estudiado es Cuba por lo que se presenta este artículo con el objetivo de demostrar la necesidad social de la aplicación de un algoritmo de manejo de estos pacientes que se adapte al contexto social cubano. Se ofrecen conceptos actualizados sobre la importancia de la ciencia y la tecnología en la sociedad moderna y se aborda la significación de la innovación tecnológica para el desarrollo de la tecnociencia en Cuba. Se trata, basado en una epistemología compleja, las relaciones que se establecen entre el desarrollo social y los servicios de salud, así como entre la evolución de la tecnociencia y el trauma craneoencefálico. Se argumenta la relevancia social del traumatismo craneoencefálico leve tanto a nivel mundial como local, así como el impacto favorable de la aplicación de un algoritmo de manejo de estos enfermos, realizado sobre una base científica, el cual permite un empleo óptimo y racional de las tecnologías imagenológicas de avanzada con que se cuenta.The topic about mild cranium-encephalic traumatism has been little studied in Cuba, that is why this article is presented with the objective to demonstrate the social necessity to apply an algorism for these patient's handling adapted to the Cuban social context. The article offers present-day concepts about the importance of science and technology in modern society and the significance of the technological innovation in the development of the techno-science in Cuba. The relationships between the social development and health services, as well as between the evolution of the techno-science and the cranium-encephalic trauma is treated, based on a complex apistemiology. The article argues the social relevance of the mild cranium-encephalic traumatism in the world and in the country, and the favourable impact of the application of an algorism of these sick persons' handling, carried out upon a scientific base which

  18. Changes in health indicators related to health promotion and microcredit programs in the Dominican Republic Cambios en los indicadores de salud relacionados con programas de promoción de la salud y de microcréditos en la República Dominicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anita L. Dohn

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of health promotion programs and microcredit programs on three communities in the Dominican Republic. One community had only the health promotion program, one community had only the microcredit program, and one community had both a health promotion program and a microcredit program. This pilot project examined the hypothesis that the largest changes in 11 health indicators that were studied would be in the community with both a health promotion program and a microcredit program, that there would be intermediate changes in the community with only a health promotion program, and that the smallest changes would be in the community with only a microcredit program. METHODS: The health promotion programs used community volunteers to address two major concerns: (1 the prevalent causes of mortality among children under 5 years of age and (2 women's health (specifically breast and cervical cancer screening. The microcredit program made small loans to individuals to start or expand small businesses. Outcome measures were based on comparisons for 11 health indicators from baseline community surveys (27 households surveyed in each of the three communities, done in December 2000 and January 2001 and from follow-up surveys (also 27 households surveyed in each of the three communities, in June and July 2002, after the health promotion program had been operating for about 13 months. Households were randomly chosen during both the baseline and follow-up surveys, without regard to their involvement in the microcredit or health promotion programs. RESULTS: The health indicators improved in all three communities. However, the degree of change was different among the communities (P RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de programas de promoción de la salud y de microcréditos en tres comunidades de la República Dominicana. Una comunidad tenía solo un programa de promoción de la salud, otra contaba solo con un programa de microcr

  19. Jubilación y vejez, su repercusión en la salud familiar Retirement and aging, their impact on family health

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia M Herrera Santi

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta el impacto en la salud familiar de la jubilación y la vejez, como eventos normativos propios de la etapa de contracción por la que atraviesa la familia en su ciclo vital. Se estudió la vejez en 58 familias que tenían en su seno, al menos, un integrante de la tercera edad, en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2001 y diciembre de 2002; y la jubilación en 70 familias que tenían en su seno, al menos, un miembro con menos de un año de jubilación, en el período comprendido entre mayo de 2003 y junio de 2004. En ambos casos se realizaron estudios descriptivos y transversales. Se propuso como objetivo valorar la repercusión en la salud familiar de estos eventos. Se utilizó un instrumento que permite evaluar el nivel de repercusión del evento en la salud familiar. Mediante su aplicación logramos determinar que la ancianidad presentó una repercusión de leve a moderada, mientras que la jubilación presentó repercusión de elevada a moderada con sentido favorable ambas. Se observó que las áreas más comúnmente afectadas por la presencia de un adulto mayor fueron la socioeconómica y el funcionamiento familiar, mientras que en la jubilación fueron el área socioeconómica y estado de salud.The impact of retirement and aging on family health as normative events of the stage of contraction the family goes through in its vital cycle is presented. Aging was studied between September 2001 and December 2002 in 58 families who had at least an elderly among their members. Retirement was analyzed from May 2003 to June 2004 in 70 families who had al least a member with less than a year of retirement. In both cases, descriptive and cross-sectional studies were conducted aimed at assessing the repercussion of these events on family health. An instrument that allows to evaluate the level of repercussion of the event on family health was used. On applying it, it was possible to determine that aging showed a repercussion from mild

  20. The world energy consumption in 2001. Statistical yearbook ENERDATA 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2002-01-01

    Statistical data on the world energy consumption are given to illustrate the following situation in 2001: the deceleration of the world economic growth and the high prices of oil slowed down the progression of the energy consumption: 0,7 % in 2001; stagnation of the gas and oil consumption and strong progression for coal and electricity in 2001; the deceleration for gas marks a strong inflection compared to the past trends. (A.L.B.)

  1. El análisis del acceso de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia a la atención dental en Pernambuco: un estudio comparativo entre los años 2001 y 2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Italene Barros VIANA

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available El estudio presenta un análisis del acceso a la atención dental individual desarrollado en el estado de Pernambuco, al comparar los años 2001 y 2009, como parte de los Equipos de Salud Bucal de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Así como una descripción del proceso de la evolución en la cobertura de los equipos de salud bucal en el período mencionado. El principal indicador para evaluar el acceso individual a las acciones dental se utilizó el promedio individual de procedimientos dentales básicos. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de bases de datos oficiales. Pernambuco tuvo un incremento del 881,82% en el número de ESB en los años estudiados. El promedio de los procedimientos dentales individuales aumentaron un 65% cuando se comparan los años. A pesar de la positiva evolución del indicador, este porcentaje no siguen la proporción porcentual del desarrollo de la ESB en el estado. Los resultados mostraron que el cuidado de la salud oral en Pernambuco es la abreviatura de la idealizada por el SUS. Es necesario repensar las estrategias para asegurar el acceso progresivo de todas las familias que viven en áreas cubiertas por equipos de salud bucal de las acciones de cada uno de los procedimientos dentales.

  2. Chandra Snapshot Spectral Imaging of Comets C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) and C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lisse, Carey

    2003-09-01

    The highly favorable perigee passage of the very bright comets C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) and C/2002 T7 (LINEAR) in late May 2004 provides an opportunity to study cometary x-ray emission in conjunction with the new CHIPS spectroscopic mission. In 10 ksec of on-target time for each comet, ACIS-S will obtain snapshot images of the comets in the heart of the CHIPS 0.05 0.150 keV spectroscopic monitoring period in late-May 2004. The combined observations have the potential of directly detecting for the first time the ultra-soft emission due to Mg, S, Si, and Fe predicted by McCammon et al. (2002) from soft x-ray background measurements and by Kharchenko et al. (2000, 2003) from models of solar wind minor ion charge exchange emission. New work by Wegmann, Dennerl, and Lisse (2004) allows a determination of the neutral gas production rate from the spatial scale of the emission, and an independent determination of the solar wind minor ion flux density using the x-ray surface brightness.

  3. Current status of prenatal diagnosis in Cuba: causes of low prevalence of Down syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Méndez-Rosado, L A; Hechavarría-Estenoz, D; de la Torre, M E; Pimentel-Benitez, H; Hernández-Gil, J; Perez, B; Barrios-Martínez, A; Morales-Rodriguez, E; Soriano-Torres, M; Garcia, M; Suarez-Mayedo, U; Cedeño-Aparicio, N; Blanco, I; Díaz-Véliz, P; Vidal-Hernández, B; Mitjans-Torres, M; Miñoso, S; Alvarez-Espinosa, D; Reyes-Hernández, E; Angulo-Cebada, E; Torres-Palacios, M; Lozano-Lezcano, L; Lima-Rodriguez, U; Mayeta, M; Noblet, M; Benítez, Y; Lardoeyt-Ferrer, R; Yosela-Martin, S; Carbonell, P; Pérez-Ramos, M; de León, N; Perez, M; Carbonell, J

    2014-11-01

    To analyze trends in cytogenetic prenatal diagnosis in Cuba and to analyze possible causes leading to a low Down syndrome prevalence in a country where the triple test is not available. An analysis of the Cuban program in prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis from 1984 to 2012 was conducted. Results are described, with particular emphasis on indications, abnormal results, types of invasive procedures, and terminations of pregnancy. Cytogenetic prenatal diagnostic analyses (n = 75,095) were conducted; maternal age was the indication for 77.9% of the amniocenteses and chorionic villus samplings. The detection rate of chromosomally abnormal pregnancies was 2.3% for maternal age and increased to 8-9% for other indications. When a chromosomal abnormality was identified, 88.5% terminated the pregnancy. In 2002, the live birth prevalence of Down syndrome was 8.4 per 10,000 live births, and in 2012, 7 per 10,000. Prenatal diagnosis in Cuba has contributed to a significant reduction in chromosomal aberrations. The impact increased because of the demographic trends of the population, the high index of terminations of pregnancy, and the establishment of a network of cytogenetic laboratories throughout Cuba. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  4. Aproximación de la universidad, a la situación de salud de la población y a los servicios de salud en Cuba Rapprochement of university to population health situation and to health services in Cuba

    OpenAIRE

    Eduardo Joaquín Alemañy Pérez; Alina María Segredo Pérez; María Clarivel Presno Labrador; Gladys María de la Torre Castro

    2011-01-01

    Se realiza un breve recuento histórico sobre la atención primaria de salud y la medicina familiar, como especialidad efectora de los servicios, a partir de las definiciones realizadas en los informes de la Comisión Millis en 1966, del Comité Adjunto de la Asociación Médica Norteamericana para la educación médica, y la Conferencia Internacional de Alma Ata en 1978. Posteriormente se aborda por décadas el desarrollo de recursos humanos en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, a partir del triunfo revol...

  5. 31 CFR 515.420 - Travel to Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Travel to Cuba. 515.420 Section 515....420 Travel to Cuba. The prohibition on dealing in property in which Cuba or a Cuban national has an interest set forth in § 515.201(b)(1) includes a prohibition on the receipt of goods or services in Cuba...

  6. International nuclear power status 2002; International kernekraftstatus 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lauritzen, B.; Majborn, B.; Nonboel, E.; Oelgaard, P.L. (eds.)

    2003-03-01

    This report is the ninth in a series of annual reports on the international development of nuclear power with special emphasis on reactor safety. For 2002, the report contains: 1) General trends in the development of nuclear power; 2) Decommissioning of the nuclear facilities at Risoe National Laboratory: 3) Statistical information on nuclear power production (in 2001); 4) An overview of safety-relevant incidents in 2002; 5) The development in West Europe; 6) The development in East Europe; 7) The development in the rest of the world; 8) Development of reactor types; 9) The nuclear fuel cycle; 10) International nuclear organisations. (au)

  7. Soil and Terrain Database for Cuba, primary data (version 1.0) - scale 1:1 million (SOTER_Cuba)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Dijkshoorn, J.A.; Huting, J.R.M.

    2014-01-01

    The Soil and Terrain database for Cuba primary data (version 1.0), at scale 1:1 million (SOTER_Cuba), was compiled of enhanced soil informtion within the framework of the FAO's program Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA). Primary soil and terrain data for Cuba were obtained from the

  8. Reference document 2001. A (AREVA) for..; Document de reference 2001. A (AREVA) comme..

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2002-07-01

    This reference document 2001, on the group Areva, provides data and information on the Areva emerges, overview of operations, sustainable development policy, research and development programs, nuclear power activities (front-end, reactors and services back-end divisions), components (connectors division and STMicroelectronics, human resources, share data and financial information (financial report 2001, financial report first-half 2002). (A.L.B.)

  9. Activities of the summer operations of the 43rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-43 in 2001-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fumihiko Nishio

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available The activities in the 2001-2002 austral summer of the 43rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-43 are reported. JARE-43 consisted of 60 personnel including 20 summer and 40 wintering personnel. In addition, 7 observers joined the voyage of R/V Shirase. She left Harumi on Nov. 14 in 2001, and the 56 personel and 7 observers went on boad in Freemantle of Western Australia for Syowa Station, other 4 personel for another ship as mentioned below. R/V Shirase left the ground on Dec. 3 and arrived at the ice edge on Dec. 14, after carrying out marine observations on the cruise. She anchored at Syowa Station on Dec. 23, after the first flight on Dec. 18. All the cargo and fuel necessary for the wintering program of JARE-43 were unloaded and the missions for the summer party were forced to finish by the last flight on Feb. 12 in 2002. The helicopter, chartered by JARE-43, moved to Syowa Station from R/V Shirase on Dec. 23 and supported the observation programs until Feb. 3, including the inland areas of ice sheets. The observation on the Mizuho Ice Plateau for the seismic exploration programs was especially supported by air during the traverse. Constructions with engineering works and facilities update were conducted in the several areas in Syowa Station, and most of them were accomplished, some, however, left for the wintering party. In addition, 4 summer members carried out other marine observations using R/V Tangaroa chartered by JARE-43.

  10. La anemia por deficiencia de hierro en la población infantil de Cuba. Brechas por cerrar

    OpenAIRE

    Pita-Rodríguez, Gisela; Jiménez-Acosta, Santa

    2011-01-01

    La anemia es un problema de salud mundial que afecta tanto a los países desarrollados como a aquellos en desarrollo. Sus causas pueden ser multifactoriales y frecuentemente pueden coexisitir varias de ellas; la principal es la baja ingestión de alimentos con fuentes adecuadas de hierro, tanto en cantidad como en calidad. En Cuba se está trabajando desde el año 1987 en el desarrollo de programas de intervención para la prevención de la anemia por deficiencia de hierro en la población, pero a p...

  11. Health care utilization among older mexicans: health and socioeconomic inequalities Utilización de servicios de salud entre adultos mayores en México: desigualdades socioeconómicas y en salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rebeca Wong

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To examine the determinants of the utilization of health care services among the population of older adults in Mexico. Three types of health care services are analyzed: preventive care, visits to the doctor, and hospitalizations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data was used from the 2001 Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS/ENASEM and estimates were made using multivariate probit regression methods. RESULTS: Socioeconomic factors, health conditions reported by the individuals, and the availability of health insurance are significant determinants of the differential use of services by older adults. CONSLUSION: Specific health conditions are important determinants of use of the various types of health care services. For all three types, however, the availability of health insurance is an enabling factor of health care use. Older age is associated with greater propensity to use health care services but its effect is small when controlling for health conditions.OBJETIVO: Examinar los determinantes del uso de servicios de salud de la población de adultos de 50 años de edad o más en México. Se analizan tres tipos de servicios de salud: cuidados preventivos, visitas al médico y hospitalizaciones. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se usan datos del Estudio Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México (MHAS/ENASEM del año 2001 y se aplican métodos de regresión multivariada probit. RESULTADOS: Factores socioeconómicos, las condiciones de salud reportadas y la disponibilidad de derechohabiencia son factores determinantes de la propensión diferencial a usar servicios entre la población. CONCLUSIÓN: Diferentes condiciones de salud están asociadas con el uso de los varios tipos de servicios de salud. Para los tres tipos, sin embargo, es primordial la derechohabiencia a servicios de salud para fomentar la utilización de servicios. Asimismo, mayor edad se asocia con mayor uso de servicios pero su efecto es pequeño una vez que la salud se toma en cuenta.

  12. Geologic Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the North Cuba Basin, Cuba

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schenk, Christopher J.

    2010-01-01

    Petroleum generation in the North Cuba Basin is primarily the result of thrust loading of Jurassic and Cretaceous source rocks during formation of the North Cuba fold and thrust belt in the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene. The fold and thrust belt formed as Cuban arc-forearc rocks along the leading edge of the Caribbean plate translated northward during the opening of the Yucatan Basin and collided with the passive margin of southern North America in the Paleogene. Petroleum fluids generated during thrust loading migrated vertically into complex structures in the fold and thrust belt, into structures in the foreland basin, and possibly into carbonate reservoirs along the margins of the Yucatan and Bahama carbonate platforms. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) defined a Jurassic-Cretaceous Composite Total Petroleum System (TPS) and three assessment units (AU)-North Cuba Fold and Thrust Belt AU, North Cuba Foreland Basin AU, and the North Cuba Platform Margin Carbonate AU-within this TPS based mainly on structure and reservoir type (fig. 1). There is considerable geologic uncertainty as to the extent of petroleum migration that might have occurred within this TPS to form potential petroleum accumulations. Taking this geologic uncertainty into account, especially in the offshore area, the mean volumes of undiscovered resources in the composite TPS of the North Cuba Basin are estimated at (1) 4.6 billion barrels of oil (BBO), with means ranging from an F95 probability of 1 BBO to an F5 probability of 9 BBO; and (2) 8.6 trillion cubic feet of of gas (TCFG), of which 8.6 TCFG is associated with oil fields, and about 1.2 TCFG is in nonassociated gas fields in the North Cuba Foreland Basin AU.

  13. Electrical Energy Statistics for France 2002; Statistiques de l'energie electrique en France - 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2003-11-01

    Detailed statistics on electricity flows in France and on facilities. Regional data / Consumption per sector of activity / Records over last 10 years (definitive results). In 2002, national electrical consumption reached 449.9 TWh, an increase of 0.3% compared with 2001 (448.6 TWh). Adjusted for winter and summer climate contingencies, its growth rate was 0.9% compared with 2001. Consumption by customers connected at high or medium voltage levels came to 254.2 TWh, an increase of 0.8% compared with 2001 (252.3 TWh); consumption by customers connected at low voltage levels came to 165 TWh, a decrease of 0.8% compared with 2001 (166.4 TWh). Generation in France reached 534.3 TWh, an increase of 11.5 TWh or 2.2% compared with 2001 (522.8 TWh). This increase broke down between nuclear generation and conventional thermal generation. Net nuclear generation injected, as measured by RTE, came to 415.5 TWh in 2002, an increase of 4.0% compared with 2001 (399.6 TWh). Conventional thermal generation came to 51.1 TWh, an increase of 15.4 % compared with 2001 (44.3 TWh). Hydro-electric generation amounted to 65.5 TWh, a fall of 15.3% compared with 2001 (77.3 TWh). In terms of physical exchanges with foreign countries, France exported a net total of 77 TWh, an increase of 12.6% compared with 2001 (68.4 TWh). Contractual exchanges with foreign countries, recorded by RTE, fell by 9.9 % to reach a cumulative value for exports and imports of 107.8 TWh (compared with 120 TWh in 2001)

  14. Overview of suspected adverse reactions to veterinary medicinal products reported in South Africa (March 2001 - February 2002 : report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. Naidoo

    2002-07-01

    Full Text Available An overview of reports of suspected adverse drug reactions received by the Veterinary Pharmacovigilance and Medicines Information Centre during the period March 2001 to February 2002 is given. A total of 77 reports were received. The majority of reports involved suspected adverse reactions that occurred in dogs and cats. Most products implicated in the reports were Stock Remedies. The products were predominantly administered either by veterinarians or trained paraveterinary professionals. Although the majority of reports were received from veterinary pharmaceutical companies, the proportion of reports received directly from veterinarians increased compared with previous years.

  15. Trends in Food Habits and Their Relation to Socioeconomic Status among Nordic Adolescents 2001/2002-2009/2010.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anne-Siri Fismen

    Full Text Available In the Nordic countries, substantial policy and intervention efforts have been made to increase adolescents' consumption of fruit and vegetables and to reduce their intake of sweets and soft drinks. Some initiatives have been formulated in a Nordic collaboration and implemented at national level. In recent years, social inequalities in food habits have been attracted particular governmental interest and several initiatives addressing the socioeconomic gradient in food habits have been highlighted. However, few internationally published studies have evaluated how trends in adolescents' food habits develop in the context of Nordic nutrition policy, or have compared differences between the Nordic countries.The study was based on Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish cross-sectional data from the international Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC study, collected via three nationally representative and comparable questionnaire surveys in 2001/2002, 2005/2006 and 2009/2010. Food habits were identified by students' consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets and sugar sweetened soft drink. Socioeconomic status (SES was measured with the Family Affluence Scale (FAS. Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the data.Trends in fruit consumption developed differently across countries, characterized by an increase in Denmark and Norway and more stable trends in Sweden and Finland. Vegetable consumption increased particularly in Denmark and to a lesser extent in Norway, whereas Sweden and Finland displayed stable trends. Decreased trends were observed for sweet and soft drink consumption and were similar in Norway, Sweden and Finland. Sweet consumption decreased across all survey years, whereas soft drink consumption decreased between 2001/2002-2005/2006 and was stable thereafter. Denmark displayed an increase between 2001/2002-2005/2006 followed by a similar decrease between 2005/2006-2009/2010 for both sweet and soft drink consumption

  16. Trends in Food Habits and Their Relation to Socioeconomic Status among Nordic Adolescents 2001/2002-2009/2010.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fismen, Anne-Siri; Smith, Otto Robert Frans; Torsheim, Torbjørn; Rasmussen, Mette; Pedersen Pagh, Trine; Augustine, Lilly; Ojala, Kristiina; Samdal, Oddrun

    2016-01-01

    In the Nordic countries, substantial policy and intervention efforts have been made to increase adolescents' consumption of fruit and vegetables and to reduce their intake of sweets and soft drinks. Some initiatives have been formulated in a Nordic collaboration and implemented at national level. In recent years, social inequalities in food habits have been attracted particular governmental interest and several initiatives addressing the socioeconomic gradient in food habits have been highlighted. However, few internationally published studies have evaluated how trends in adolescents' food habits develop in the context of Nordic nutrition policy, or have compared differences between the Nordic countries. The study was based on Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish cross-sectional data from the international Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study, collected via three nationally representative and comparable questionnaire surveys in 2001/2002, 2005/2006 and 2009/2010. Food habits were identified by students' consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets and sugar sweetened soft drink. Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured with the Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Trends in fruit consumption developed differently across countries, characterized by an increase in Denmark and Norway and more stable trends in Sweden and Finland. Vegetable consumption increased particularly in Denmark and to a lesser extent in Norway, whereas Sweden and Finland displayed stable trends. Decreased trends were observed for sweet and soft drink consumption and were similar in Norway, Sweden and Finland. Sweet consumption decreased across all survey years, whereas soft drink consumption decreased between 2001/2002-2005/2006 and was stable thereafter. Denmark displayed an increase between 2001/2002-2005/2006 followed by a similar decrease between 2005/2006-2009/2010 for both sweet and soft drink consumption. Socioeconomic

  17. Through the looking glass on Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean Stubbs

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available [First paragraph] State Resistance to Globalisation in Cuba. Antonio Carmona Báez. Sterling VA: Pluto Press, 2004. vii + 264 pp. (Paper US$ 29.95 La Lucha for Cuba: Religion and Politics on the Streets of Miami. Miguel A. de la Torre. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. xi + 181 pp. (Paper US$ 21.95 By Heart/De Memoria: Cuban Women’s Journeys in and out of Exile. María de los Angeles Torres (ed.. Philadelphia PA: Temple University Press, 2003. vii + 192 pp. (Paper US$ 19.95 Looking at Cuba: Essays on Culture and Civil Society. Rafael Hernández. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003. vii + 145 pp. (Cloth US$ 24.95 In the politically charged world of scholarship on Cuba, it is salutary to comment in one review essay on four quite different volumes, each complementing the others. Three are single-authored, two on island Cuba (by Antonio Carmona Báez and Rafael Hernández and one on Miami (by Miguel A. de la Torre. All three draw on theory and concepts and are male-authored and place-centric (Cuba/Miami. The fourth (by María de los Angeles Torres is an edited collection of the personal testimonies of women seeking a place in between the hardened politics of Cuba and Miami.

  18. La clasificación internacional del funcionamiento de la discapacidad y de la salud (CIF 2001

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiménez Buñuales M.ª Teresa

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available La aproximación que hasta ahora se seguía para considerar y clasificar las dimensiones relacionadas con la salud y la discapacidad se ha visto modificada y actualizada gracias a la elaboración por parte de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF. Esta clasificación ha sido ya aceptada por 191 países, tras replantear el modelo anterior y acordar un nuevo modelo internacional de descripción y medición de la salud y la discapacidad. Como antecedentes hay que recordar que la Clasificación de Deficiencias, Discapacidades y Minusvalías (CIDDM anteriormente vigente fue publicada por la OMS por primera vez en 1980. El proceso de revisión de dicha clasificación ha tenido como resultado modificaciones trascendentes. Con el cambio del nombre se ha intentado reflejar el deseo de sustituir la perspectiva negativa de las deficiencias, discapacidades y minusvalías por una visión más neutral de la estructura y de la función, considerando las perspectivas positivas de las actividades y de la participación. Otro aspecto novedoso ha sido la inclusión de una sección de factores ambientales, como reconocimiento a su importancia, ya que interactuando con el estado de salud pueden llegar a generar una discapacidad o, en el otro extremo, a restablecer el funcionamiento. La información disponible ha permitido estimar a la OMS, entre otras cosas, que cada año se pierden unos 500 millones de años de vida a causa de discapacidades asociadas a problemas de salud, lo que representa más de la mitad de los años perdidos anualmente por muertes prematuras. El objetivo principal de la nueva clasificación es proporcionar el marco conceptual mediante un lenguaje unificado y estandarizado ante los retos subyacentes, constituyendo un valioso instrumento de utilidad práctica en salud pública.

  19. Mortalidad infantil en Cuba 1959-1999

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Riverón Corteguera

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available De 1959 a 1999, con los datos estadísticos disponibles, la mortalidad infantil en Cuba disminuyó en 81,3 %, la mortalidad neonatal precoz se redujo el 73,4 %, la mortalidad neonatal tardía el 83,6 % y la posneonatal en 86,0 %. Las reducciones obtenidas en el período se distribuyeron uniformemente entre todas las provincias, aunque la mayor disminución se produjo en las provincias centrales y occidentales. Los rubros que más disminuyeron sus tasas fueron: enteritis y otras enfermedades diarreicas, infecciones respiratorias agudas, afecciones perinatales en general y las meningitis, aunque todas las causas reducen la mortalidad en el período. La natalidad descendió el 51,3 %, la fecundidad lo hizo en 30 %, el crecimiento demográfico bruto de la población disminuyó el 59,8 %, el parto institucional aumentó en 65,9 %, el bajo peso al nacer descendió el 36,9 %, la mortalidad perinatal se redujo el 67,2 %, los nacidos vivos disminuyeron el 21,1 % y la supervivencia infantil a los 5 años aumentó el 3,8 %. Esto ha sido posible debido principalmente a la decisión política de priorizar el sector de la salud y muy especialmente la salud maternoinfantil adoptada por nuestro Estado a principios de la década de los 60, lo que permitió alcanzar avances en la organización, calidad de la atención y una amplia cobertura de los servicios de salud. También fueron elementos importantes, el mejoramiento del nivel de vida y de la educación alcanzados por la población, las mejoras logradas en la situación sanitaria y epidemiológica, la distribución equitativa de los alimentos que prioriza a la madre y al niño. Un elemento fundamental en la última década ha sido el desarrollo del "médico de la familia" en la atención primaria y el mejoramiento de la atención hospitalaria. Por otra parte han contribuido de manera notable el establecimiento del Programa Nacional de Atención Maternoinfantil, que abarca las inmunizaciones, el control de las

  20. Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Remittances

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-03-31

    office. In January 2006, OFAC suspended a South Florida travel agency, La Estrella de Cuba, from booking travel to Cuba. The agency reportedly was one...plans to conduct 25 on-site audits in 2006 at agencies that do business with Cuba.22 In addition to La Estrella de Cuba, OFAC suspended the service

  1. Eventos adversos supuestamente atribuidos a la vacunación o inmunización. Isla de la Juventud, Cuba, enero/2013-octubre/2016

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sayli González Fiallo

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Todo programa de inmunización tiene como meta alcanzar el más alto grado de protección contra las enfermedades inmunoprevenibles, con las más bajas tasas de reacciones adversas; constituyendo la vacunación un instrumento fundamental para la salud pública. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar los eventos adversos supuestamente atribuidos a la vacunación en la Isla de la Juventud, Cuba, entre enero/2013 y octubre/2016. Se realizó una investigación observacional descriptiva de corte transversal, puesta en práctica mediante la vigilancia pasiva. Se utilizó como fuente primaria para la recolección de datos la encuesta epidemiológica en los 507 pacientes que presentaron eventos adversos. Se comprobó que los años 2014 y 2015 superaron la tasa global para ese período: 34,6 por 10000 dosis administrada (DA, mientras que el área de salud “Leonilda Tamayo Matos” fue quien aportó la mayor tasa de eventos: 197 (39,7 por 10000 DA. Las vacunas con mayores notificaciones de reactogenicidad fueron: Pentavalente 280 (252,0 por 10000 DA, DPT 66 (168,4 por 10000 DA y la Antimeningocócica-BC: 86 (92,6 por 10000 DA. Se evidenció la mayor tasa de eventos adversos en el año 2014, predominando el área de salud “Leonilda Tamayo Matos”. Los eventos adversos más comunes fueron la fiebre y las reacciones locales. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran las bajas tasas de eventos adversos graves. Se demostró una vez más la confiabilidad del sistema y seguridad de las vacunas en Cuba.

  2. Population-wide weight loss and regain in relation to diabetes burden and cardiovascular mortality in Cuba 1980-2010: repeated cross sectional surveys and ecological comparison of secular trends.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Franco, Manuel; Bilal, Usama; Orduñez, Pedro; Benet, Mikhail; Morejón, Alain; Caballero, Benjamín; Kennelly, Joan F; Cooper, Richard S

    2013-04-09

    To evaluate the associations between population-wide loss and gain in weight with diabetes prevalence, incidence, and mortality, as well as cardiovascular and cancer mortality trends, in Cuba over a 30 year interval. Repeated cross sectional surveys and ecological comparison of secular trends. Cuba and the province of Cienfuegos, from 1980 to 2010. Measurements in Cienfuegos included a representative sample of 1657, 1351, 1667, and 1492 adults in 1991, 1995, 2001, and 2010, respectively. National surveys included a representative sample of 14 304, 22 851, and 8031 participants in 1995, 2001, and 2010, respectively. Changes in smoking, daily energy intake, physical activity, and body weight were tracked from 1980 to 2010 using national and regional surveys. Data for diabetes prevalence and incidence were obtained from national population based registries. Mortality trends were modelled using national vital statistics. Rapid declines in diabetes and heart disease accompanied an average population-wide loss of 5.5 kg in weight, driven by an economic crisis in the mid-1990s. A rebound in population weight followed in 1995 (33.5% prevalence of overweight and obesity) and exceeded pre-crisis levels by 2010 (52.9% prevalence). The population-wide increase in weight was immediately followed by a 116% increase in diabetes prevalence and 140% increase in diabetes incidence. Six years into the weight rebound phase, diabetes mortality increased by 49% (from 9.3 deaths per 10 000 people in 2002 to 13.9 deaths per 10 000 people in 2010). A deceleration in the rate of decline in mortality from coronary heart disease was also observed. In relation to the Cuban experience in 1980-2010, there is an association at the population level between weight reduction and death from diabetes and cardiovascular disease; the opposite effect on the diabetes and cardiovascular burden was seen on population-wide weight gain.

  3. Aproximación de la universidad, a la situación de salud de la población y a los servicios de salud en Cuba Rapprochement of university to population health situation and to health services in Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Joaquín Alemañy Pérez

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realiza un breve recuento histórico sobre la atención primaria de salud y la medicina familiar, como especialidad efectora de los servicios, a partir de las definiciones realizadas en los informes de la Comisión Millis en 1966, del Comité Adjunto de la Asociación Médica Norteamericana para la educación médica, y la Conferencia Internacional de Alma Ata en 1978. Posteriormente se aborda por décadas el desarrollo de recursos humanos en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, a partir del triunfo revolucionario. Se particulariza en el desarrollo de la Medicina General Integral como especialidad, y en los cambios que por esta se generan en la formación de profesionales y en el proceso docente-educativo. En el desarrollo se describen los nudos problemáticos que aún persisten en el currículo, la docencia y los escenarios de formación, así como, las posibles estrategias de cambio que permitan continuar desarrollando una gestión de calidad en el programa de estudio de la carrera de Medicina, en la formación orientada por los principios de una atención primaria de salud renovada; para esto se tienen en cuenta los aspectos siguientes: aproximación de la escuela/facultad a la realidad de la situación de salud de la población y a los servicios de salud, los cambios curriculares que fortalezcan la aproximación con la realidad de salud y la organización de las prácticas profesionales, la negociación con los actores relevantes en el proceso de cambio y las instancias de concertación entre la universidad y los servicios de salud, para el desarrollo de actividades docentes asistenciales. Este trabajo tiene como propósito promover estrategias de cambio necesarias que permitan continuar desarrollando una gestión de calidad del programa de estudio de la carrera de Medicina, en la formación orientada por los principios de una atención primaria de salud renovada y fortalecida.A brief historical recount on the primary health care and the family

  4. La informatización de la atención primaria de salud The informatization in primary health care

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodolfo J. Stusser Beltranena

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available La informatización de la atención primaria de salud se percibe como un problema que se soluciona creando redes computarizadas entre los consultorios y policlínicos. El artículo brinda una visión panorámica del estado en que se encuentra el arte de la informatización de la atención primaria y la medicina general integral, en el mundo y en Cuba. Para ello, se sintetiza el origen prehistórico de ese nivel de atención y de la especialidad, así como el desarrollo contemporáneo de la informática y sus aplicaciones médicas; se define igualmente la atención primaria y su informática; se resumen los sistemas de información, las aplicaciones informáticas y sus desafíos; y se ofrece una visión práctica de la historia clínica-electrónica: corazón de la informática de atención primaria de salud y medicina general integral. Se concluye que Cuba ha trabajado 20 años informatizando la dispensarización y estadísticas para la gerencia de servicios de este nivel de atención, pero que también podría trabajar con el enfoque centrado en la vida del paciente, que contribuiría a crear una clasificación integradora de la salud con la enfermedad, y a computarizar la información y la toma de decisiones clínicas en el consultorio del médico, y en el futuro hasta en el hogar del paciente, elevando directamente la calidad de la atención primaria de salud.The informatization in primary health care is perceived as problem that is solved by creating computer networks between the family physicians' offices and the polyclinics. This article gives a panoramic view of the state in which the art of informatization of primary health care and comprehensive general medicine is in the world and in Cuba. To this end, the prehistoric origin of this care level and of the specialty is synthezised, as well as the contemporary development of informatics and its medical applications. Primary care and its informatics is also defined, and the information

  5. Política, ethos social e identidad en la cuba contemporánea Politics, social ethos and identity in contemporary Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis RONIGER

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available La persistencia del modelo político cubano es paradójica al analizarla sobre e! transfondo de extrema penuria económica, pérdida de apoyo internacional y presiones en aumento de parte de los Estados Unidos y la oposición anticastrista fuera de Cuba. No obstante las circunstancias internacionales adversas que debió enfrentar Cuba tras la caída de la Unión Soviética -su principal fuente de apoyo económico- el gobierno revolucionario logró mantenerse en e! poder. Los autores analizan las condiciones que posibilitaron la proyección del compromiso revolucionario, las medidas económicas y los mecanismos políticos adoptados en la última década a fin de adaptarse a la cambiante situación global al tiempo que mantuvieron la estabilidad interna, pese a los serios desafíos internacionales y las presiones internas. Se sugiere que un factor clave en la persistencia del modelo deriva de su conexión con las identidades colectivas y el ethos social de la nación cubana en el período postrevolucionario. Este factor instrumental en asegurar la continuidad de! modelo cubano, ha limitado empero su proyección actual en las otras naciones latinoamericanas, a pesar de los alcances destacados en ámbitos de desarrollo humano, como son la salud y la educación.The resilience of the Cuban political model appears paradoxical against the backdrop of extreme economic hardship, loss o foreign support and increasing pressure by the United States and the anti-Castro opposition. Notwithstanding adverse global circumstances following the demise of the Soviet Union -its main source of economic support- the Cuban revolutionary government has managed to hold onto power. In this paper the authors analyze the conditions under which Cuba has remained committee to its revolutionary path and the economic measures and political mechanisms it has adopted to maintain internal stability, despite serious international challenges and internal pressures. They suggest that

  6. Cuba: Issues for the 109th Congress

    Science.gov (United States)

    2006-12-19

    from Cuban nationals outside of the United States. CRS-4 On January 23, 2006, OFAC suspended a South Florida travel agency, La Estrella de Cuba...one of the largest licensed travel service providers in Florida, La Estrella de Cuba, from booking travel to Cuba. Another three agencies had their

  7. Areva in 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    2003-01-01

    In 2002 the consolidated turnover of Areva reached 8265 million euros, it means a decrease by 7,2% in comparison with 2001. This decrease is due to the sharp drop of the turnover of the connector sector (-20,7%) while the nuclear sector was stable. The bad figure of connectors engineering is linked to a new collapse of the telecommunication market. In 2002 the operational result of Areva reached 180 million euros, that is to say an increase by 48%, which is a consequence of progress made in the nuclear sector. (A.C.)

  8. CSIR Technology Impact 2002

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    CSIR

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available This issue of Technology Impact offers a brief snapshot of CSIR activities during the year under review (1 March 2001 - 28 February 2002) by highlighting a number of innovative projects and initiatives in these areas....

  9. Electrical Energy Statistics for France 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-11-01

    Detailed statistics on electricity flows in France and on facilities. Regional data / Consumption per sector of activity / Records over last 10 years (definitive results). In 2002, national electrical consumption reached 449.9 TWh, an increase of 0.3% compared with 2001 (448.6 TWh). Adjusted for winter and summer climate contingencies, its growth rate was 0.9% compared with 2001. Consumption by customers connected at high or medium voltage levels came to 254.2 TWh, an increase of 0.8% compared with 2001 (252.3 TWh); consumption by customers connected at low voltage levels came to 165 TWh, a decrease of 0.8% compared with 2001 (166.4 TWh). Generation in France reached 534.3 TWh, an increase of 11.5 TWh or 2.2% compared with 2001 (522.8 TWh). This increase broke down between nuclear generation and conventional thermal generation. Net nuclear generation injected, as measured by RTE, came to 415.5 TWh in 2002, an increase of 4.0% compared with 2001 (399.6 TWh). Conventional thermal generation came to 51.1 TWh, an increase of 15.4 % compared with 2001 (44.3 TWh). Hydro-electric generation amounted to 65.5 TWh, a fall of 15.3% compared with 2001 (77.3 TWh). In terms of physical exchanges with foreign countries, France exported a net total of 77 TWh, an increase of 12.6% compared with 2001 (68.4 TWh). Contractual exchanges with foreign countries, recorded by RTE, fell by 9.9 % to reach a cumulative value for exports and imports of 107.8 TWh (compared with 120 TWh in 2001)

  10. 2001 - 2002 ACADEMIC TRAINING PROGRAMME

    CERN Multimedia

    Academic Training; Tel. 73127

    2001-01-01

    1ST TERM 1ST OCTOBER - 23 NOVEMBER 2001 LECTURE SERIES FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS The Autumn term of the Academic Training Programme is about to start. As usual, the first term includes lectures primarily dedicated to Post-graduate students. These are meant to help students complement the courses available from their home Universities with lectures on topics close to CERN activities. The lectures are nevertheless open to all CERN staff, and in particular to young Fellows. This year's series include courses on Accelerator Physics, on Field Theory, and on Symmetry Breaking Phenomena in Physics. The course on Accelerators by Dr. Wilson has been a regular feature on the Academic Training programme for many previous editions. This year, the course will be updated to include new sections on Colliders and on future facilities such as the Neutrino Factory. A good introduction to this very successful course can be found in the previous version of these lectures, available from the Web Lecture Archive Project: http://w...

  11. Morbilidad y mortalidad por enfermedades infecciosas intestinales (001-009: Cuba, 1980-1999

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl L. Riverón Corteguera

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available En los últimos 20 años la mortalidad por enfermedades infecciosas intestinales en menores de 5 años en el mundo se ha reducido de manera significativa; sin embargo, en 1998 se registraron en el nivel mundial 2,2 millones de defunciones en los menores de 5 años. En la actualidad todavía la mortalidad seconsidera un problema de salud muy serio, sobre todo en los países subdesarrollados. En Cuba, la mortalidad por estas enfermedades en los menores de 5 años se ha reducido de manera notable, aunque la morbilidad constituye un problema importante de salud en ciertos meses del año por las alzas estacionales de la enfermedad. Este artículo muestra los resultados del trabajo desplegado a partir de 1980 en el cual se puso en ejecución el Programa Mundial de Control de las Enfermedades Diarreicas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, que en Cuba es una continuación del Programa Nacional de Lucha contra la Gastroenteritis que se inició en 1962. Los datos de morbilidad se ofrecen desde 1985 según diferentes grupos de edades. Las reducciones en la morbilidad han sido discretas; en los menores de 1 año fue del 30,8 %; en el grupo de 1 a 4 años, 8,0 %; en los menores de 5 años del 20,1 %; en los de 5 a 14 años del 3,5 % y en los menores de 15 años del 15,8 %. Las tasas de mortalidad disminuyeron en el período de 1980 a 1999 en el 91,0 % en los menores de un año; el 50,0 % en los niños de 1 a 4 años; 85,7 % en menores de 5 años; en 66,7 % en el grupo de 5 a 14 años, y en 81,1 % en los menores de 15 años. Los elementos fundamentales que han contribuido a esta disminución en la mortalidad por enfermedades diarreas han sido, en primer lugar el uso de las sales de rehidratación oral, en la prevención y tratamiento de la deshidratación, el uso racional de antimicrobianos, el incremento de la lactancia materna exclusiva, la capacitación de los recursos humanos, el tratamiento intensivo por parte de nuestros profesionales de la salud

  12. Trends in Food Habits and Their Relation to Socioeconomic Status among Nordic Adolescents 2001/2002-2009/2010

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fismen, Anne-Siri; Smith, Otto Robert Frans; Torsheim, Torbjørn; Rasmussen, Mette; Pedersen Pagh, Trine; Augustine, Lilly; Ojala, Kristiina; Samdal, Oddrun

    2016-01-01

    Background In the Nordic countries, substantial policy and intervention efforts have been made to increase adolescents' consumption of fruit and vegetables and to reduce their intake of sweets and soft drinks. Some initiatives have been formulated in a Nordic collaboration and implemented at national level. In recent years, social inequalities in food habits have been attracted particular governmental interest and several initiatives addressing the socioeconomic gradient in food habits have been highlighted. However, few internationally published studies have evaluated how trends in adolescents' food habits develop in the context of Nordic nutrition policy, or have compared differences between the Nordic countries. Methods The study was based on Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish cross-sectional data from the international Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study, collected via three nationally representative and comparable questionnaire surveys in 2001/2002, 2005/2006 and 2009/2010. Food habits were identified by students' consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets and sugar sweetened soft drink. Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured with the Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results Trends in fruit consumption developed differently across countries, characterized by an increase in Denmark and Norway and more stable trends in Sweden and Finland. Vegetable consumption increased particularly in Denmark and to a lesser extent in Norway, whereas Sweden and Finland displayed stable trends. Decreased trends were observed for sweet and soft drink consumption and were similar in Norway, Sweden and Finland. Sweet consumption decreased across all survey years, whereas soft drink consumption decreased between 2001/2002–2005/2006 and was stable thereafter. Denmark displayed an increase between 2001/2002–2005/2006 followed by a similar decrease between 2005/2006–2009/2010 for both sweet and soft

  13. Las Haloragaceae de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Betancourt Gandul, Martha

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available A study of the Haloragaceae in Cuba is presented. The presence of Proserpinaca palustris, P. pectinata. Myriophyllum laxum and M. pinnatum is confirmed, and the possible extinction of M. sparsiflorum is suggestedEstudio de la familia Haloragaceae en Cuba. Se confirma la existencia de Proserpinaca palustris, P. pectinata. Myriophyllum laxum y M, pinnatum, y se plantea la posible extinción de M. sparsiflorum.

  14. Book Reviews

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Redactie KITLV

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available -Chuck Meide, Kathleen Deagan ,Columbus's outpost among the Taínos: Spain and America at La Isabela, 1493-1498. New Haven CT: Yale University Press, 2002. x + 294 pp., José María Cruxent (eds -Lee D. Baker, George M. Fredrickson, Racism: A short history. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002. x + 207 pp. -Evelyn Powell Jennings, Sherry Johnson, The social transformation of eighteenth-century Cuba. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001. x + 267 pp. -Michael Zeuske, J.S. Thrasher, The island of Cuba: A political essay by Alexander von Humboldt. Translated from Spanish with notes and a preliminary essay by J.S. Thrasher. Princeton NJ: Markus Wiener; Kingston: Ian Randle, 2001. vii + 280 pp. -Matt D. Childs, Virginia M. Bouvier, Whose America? The war of 1898 and the battles to define the nation. Westport CT: Praeger, 2001. xi + 241 pp. -Carmelo Mesa-Lago, Antonio Santamaría García, Sin azúcar no hay país: La industria azucarera y la economía cubana (1919-1939. Seville: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla y Diputación de Sevilla, 2001. 624 pp. -Charles Rutheiser, Joseph L. Scarpaci ,Havana: Two faces of the Antillean Metropolis. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. x + 437 pp., Roberto Segre, Mario Coyula (eds -Thomas Neuner, Ottmar Ette ,Kuba Heute: Politik, Wirtschaft, Kultur. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Vervuert, 2001. 863 pp., Martin Franzbach (eds -Mark B. Padilla, Emilio Bejel, Gay Cuban nation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001. xxiv + 257 pp. -Mark B. Padilla, Kamala Kempadoo, Sun, sex, and gold: Tourism and sex work in the Caribbean. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999. viii + 356 pp. -Jane Desmond, Susanna Sloat, Caribbean dance from Abakuá to Zouk: How movement shapes identity. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002. xx + 408 pp. -Karen Fog Olwig, Nina Glick Schiller ,Georges woke up laughing: Long-distance nationalism and the

  15. 14 CFR 91.709 - Operations to Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Operations to Cuba. 91.709 Section 91.709... Board Such Aircraft § 91.709 Operations to Cuba. No person may operate a civil aircraft from the United States to Cuba unless— (a) Departure is from an international airport of entry designated in § 6.13 of...

  16. Gasto do Ministério da Saúde com medicamentos: tendência dos programas de 2002 a 2007 Gasto del Ministerio de la Salud con medicamentos: tendencia de los programas de 2002 a 2007 Ministry of Health's spending on drugs: program trends from 2002 to 2007

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabiola Sulpino Vieira

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a evolução do gasto do Ministério da Saúde com medicamentos. MÉTODOS: O gasto total (agregado do Ministério da Saúde com medicamentos e de seus programas (desagregado foram analisados para o período de 2002 a 2007. As ações que financiaram a aquisição de medicamentos foram obtidas no sistema Siga Brasil e classificadas segundo os programas de assistência farmacêutica. Os valores liquidados foram identificados para cada programa. Para 2006 e 2007, foram pesquisadas as aquisições de anti-retrovirais. Em relação aos medicamentos do Programa de Dispensação em Caráter Excepcional, confrontaram-se os dados da ação orçamentária com aqueles disponíveis no Sistema Único de Saúde. Os valores obtidos foram deflacionados aplicando-se o Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo. Foi efetuada análise exploratória dos dados. RESULTADOS: O gasto em 2007 foi 3,2 vezes o de 2002 e a participação do gasto com medicamentos no gasto total aumentou de 5,4% em 2002 para 10,7% em 2007. O gasto com os medicamentos da atenção básica teve aumento de 75% e com medicamentos dos programas estratégicos, de 124%. No caso dos anti-retrovirais o aumento foi de aproximadamente 6%, mas com aumento de 77% de 2005 a 2006, seguida de redução de 29% de 2006 a 2007. O aumento mais expressivo do gasto foi observado com os medicamentos de dispensação em caráter excepcional, 252% de 2003 a 2007. CONCLUSÕES: Houve aumento significativo do gasto com medicamentos entre 2002 e 2007, havendo maior participação nesse gasto dos anti-retrovirais e medicamentos de dispensação excepcional, os quais são constituídos por número expressivo de fármacos protegidos por patentes.OBJETIVO: Analizar la evolución del gasto del Ministerio de la Salud de Brasil con medicamentos. MÉTODOS: El gasto total (agregado del Ministerio de la Salud con medicamentos y de sus programas (desagregado fue analizado para el período de 2002 a 2007. Las

  17. Cuba's oil crisis spells trouble for Castro

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1992-01-01

    This paper reports on Cuba's oil crisis which presents long term woes for the government of Fidel Castro but new opportunities for foreign petroleum investment. That's the main thesis of a study by East-West Center (EWC), Honolulu. Since the cutoff of subsidized oil supplies from the former Soviet Union at the first of the year, Cuba has endured a crippling loss of export revenues and draconian energy rationing measures at home. The Soviets had reduced oil supplies to Cuba since 1989 after decades of providing the Castro government with subsidized oil supplies. Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev exempted Cuba from paying market prices for Soviet oil in 1991 while requiring that of Soviet trading partners in eastern Europe. With the collapse of Communism in the former U.S.S.R., however, oil supplies from that region are available to Cuba only at market prices and for hard currency. That has triggered a crisis in the Western Hemisphere's sole Communist regime as Cuba's gross special product - equivalent to GNP - fell by 5% in 1990 and a further 20% in 1991. The foreign exchange loss of $1.6 billion stemming from the loss of Soviet subsidized oil supplies exceeds that of total foreign exchange earnings from all other sources. If Cuba imports oil in 1989 volumes at current prices, its oil import tab alone will be $1.3 billion, EWC projects

  18. Area Handbook Series: Cuba; a Country Study,

    Science.gov (United States)

    1986-01-01

    xix Chapter 1. Historical Setting. ...................................... Elizabeth de Lima ...Guane Rio Santo L F AntonClarao -22 % Fei ienfuegos Moron kNulvo Gerona Playa Sancti 11-,Giron Spirntu Jhoi ~~ ~Trinidad Cg a Tunas de Zaza * National...schol- arly literature. xi Country Profile 0 0l Country _ Formal Name: Cuba (Rep6blica de Cuba). Short Form: Cuba. Term for Citizens: Cubans. Capital

  19. La anemia por deficiencia de hierro en la población infantil de Cuba. Brechas por cerrar Iron deficiency anemia in the child population of Cuba. Gaps to be bridged

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gisela Pita-Rodríguez

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available La anemia es un problema de salud mundial que afecta tanto a los países desarrollados como a aquellos en desarrollo. Sus causas pueden ser multifactoriales y frecuentemente pueden coexisitir varias de ellas; la principal es la baja ingestión de alimentos con fuentes adecuadas de hierro, tanto en cantidad como en calidad. En Cuba se está trabajando desde el año 1987 en el desarrollo de programas de intervención para la prevención de la anemia por deficiencia de hierro en la población, pero a pesar de todo el esfuerzo, no se han obtenido los impactos esperados, y existen diversos factores que pueden estar incidiendo en ello y que pueden sinergizarse. Evidencias científicas nacionales muestran que la baja prevalencia de lactancia materna, el escaso consumo de frutas y vegetales y la deficiencia vitamínica, ejercen influencia en la prevalencia de la anemia en Cuba. El parasitismo intestinal y la infección con H. pylori no están asociados con la prevalencia de anemia en el país. La obesidad e inflamación crónica a bajo tenor requerirían de estudios epidemiológicos que describan las posibles asociaciones entre estos factores.Anemia is a global health problem affecting both developed and developing countries. The causes of anemia may be multifactorial, and several of them are often present at the same time. The main cause of anemia is the low intake of foods with adequate sources of iron both in quantity and quality. Work is being done in Cuba since the year 1987 aimed at developing intervention programs for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in the population, but despite the great effort, the expected impact has not been achieved, due to the combined influence of various factors. National scientific evidence shows that the low incidence of breastfeeding, the low intake of fruits and vegetables, as well as vitamin deficiency, have an influence on the prevalence of anemia in Cuba. Neither intestinal parasitism nor infection with H

  20. THE CUBA COMPANY AND EASTERN CUBA’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, 1900-1959

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Carlos Santamarina

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available This artide evaluates the Cuba Company’s impact on eastern Cuban economic development. It argues that the Cuba Company’s railroads, together with its development plans and strategies, helped stimulate the extraordinary economic growth of eastern Cuba between 1900 and 1959, especially in the production of sugar. Sugar was king in Cuba before 1900 but only inwestern Cuba; eastern Cuba produced only a minuscule fraction of total Cuban sugar production. Moreover, the Cuban Independence War of 1895-1898 had destroyed the industry. Due to the Cuba Company’s strategy, however, by the 1920s Cuba was once again the largest producer of sugar in the world and eastern Cuba represented over 50% of total Cuban sugarproduction.

  1. Pediatric Gastroenterology in Cuba: Evolution and Challenges.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Castañeda-Guillot, Carlos

    2016-10-01

    INTRODUCTION The professional practice of pediatric gastroenterology arose in Cuba as an expression of the specialty's development internationally and Cuba's new strategies in public health, and in response to national needs for health care expertise in digestive diseases of infants, older children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES Describe the history of pediatric gastroenterology's development in Cuba since its inception at the National Gastroenterology Institute in the early 1970s, its contributions, and efforts to extend it to pediatric hospitals throughout Cuba. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This is a historical review based on document analysis. Institutional sources from the National Gastroenterology Institute and Ministry of Public Health were reviewed, as well as international and national literature on the history of pediatric gastroenterology and unpublished texts since its emergence in 1972. DEVELOPMENT Although pediatric gastroenterology has not been formally recognized as a medical specialty in Cuba, there have been important achievements in establishing a network of specialized health care services for digestive diseases of children and adolescents. Gastrointestinal endoscopy and other auxiliary diagnostic modalities have been introduced for children and play a major role in clinical trials and research. This article describes the international context that promoted the specialty's development in Cuba. Reference is made to specialized training from its initial stages in 1972, its consolidation as an emerging discipline in Cuban medicine, and its diffusion in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Professional development and specialized training to meet health human resource needs in pediatric hospitals are described, as well as Cuban participation in the Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. National and international milestones, publications, awards and recognitions that indicate advances despite difficulties are also

  2. Waterfowl in Cuba: Current status and distribution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blanco Rodríquez, Pedro; Vilella, Francisco; Sánchez Oria, Bárbara

    2014-01-01

    Cuba and its satellite islands represent the largest landmass in the Caribbean archipelago and a major repository of the region’s biodiversity. Approximately 13.4% of the Cuban territory is covered by wetlands, encompassing approximately 1.48 million ha which includes mangroves, flooded savannas, peatlands, freshwater swamp forests and various types of managed wetlands. Here, we synthesise information on the distribution and abundance of waterfowl on the main island of Cuba, excluding the numerous surrounding cays and the Isla de la Juventud (Isle of Youth), and report on band recoveries from wintering waterfowl harvested in Cuba by species and location. Twenty-nine species of waterfowl occur in Cuba, 24 of which are North American migrants. Of the five resident Anatid species, three are of conservation concern: the West Indian Whistling-duck Dendrocygna arborea (globally vulnerable), White-cheeked Pintail Anas bahamensis (regional concern) and Masked Duck Nomonyx dominicus(regional concern). The most abundant species of waterfowl wintering in Cuba include Blue-winged Teal A. discors, Northern Pintail A. acuta, and Northern Shoveler A. clypeata. Waterfowl banded in Canada and the United States and recovered in Cuba included predominantly Blue-winged Teal, American Wigeon and Northern Pintail. Banding sites of recovered birds suggest that most of the waterfowl moving through and wintering in Cuba are from the Atlantic and Mississippi flyways. Threats to wetlands and waterfowl in Cuba include: 1) egg poaching of resident species, 2) illegal hunting of migratory and protected resident species, 3) mangrove deforestation, 4) reservoirs for irrigation, 5) periods of pronounced droughts, and 6) hurricanes. Wetland and waterfowl conservation efforts continue across Cuba’s extensive system of protected areas. Expanding collaborations with international conservation organisations, researchers and governments in North America will enhance protection

  3. Asma bronquial en la población infantil de 5 a 14 años de un área de salud de Santiago de Cuba Bronchial asthma in children 5 to14 years from a health area of Santiago de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nelsa Sagaró del Campo

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio observacional de 158 niños con asma bronquial -- seleccionados mediante un muestreo por conglomerado bietápico --, dispensarizados por dicha afección en el área de salud del Policlínico Docente "José Martí Pérez" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2011, a fin de estimar la prevalencia de las principales características clinicoepidemiológicas en ellos. En la investigación se obtuvo homogeneidad del sexo femenino en todos los grupos etarios, a pesar de un ligero predominio de los varones de 10 a 14 años de edad, así como primacía de la afección entre los precedentes patológicos personales y la conjuntivitis alérgica como antecedente familiar. Igualmente, el asma persistente grave tuvo un mayor porcentaje y los agentes desencadenantes de las crisis asmáticas fueron, en orden descendente de frecuencia, los alergenos domiciliarios, el humo del cigarro, las infecciones, los ejercicios, los contaminantes de tipo doméstico y los medicamentos. El tratamiento más empleado se basó en broncodilatadores y el menos habitual, en cromonas; en tanto el hacinamiento fue el factor desfavorable más observado en los hogares de estos niños y el control de la enfermedad resultó generalmente parcial.An observational study was carried in 158 children with bronchial asthma -- selected by a two-stage cluster sampling -- attended and monitored by this disease in the health area from "José Martí Pérez" Teaching Polyclinic of Santiago de Cuba during 2011, in order to estimate the prevalence of the main clinical and epidemiological characteristics in them. In the study homogeneity of the female sex was observed in all age groups, in spite of a slight predominance of males 10 to 14 years, as well as primacy of the disease between past medical history and allergic conjunctivitis as family history. Likewise, severe persistent asthma had a higher percentage and triggers of asthma attacks were, in decreasing order of frequency

  4. Reference document 2001. A (AREVA) for.

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2002-01-01

    This reference document 2001, on the group Areva, provides data and information on the Areva emerges, overview of operations, sustainable development policy, research and development programs, nuclear power activities (front-end, reactors and services back-end divisions), components (connectors division and STMicroelectronics, human resources, share data and financial information (financial report 2001, financial report first-half 2002). (A.L.B.)

  5. The transplantation donation process in the Centro de Investigaciones Medico Quirurgicas of Cuba: 1999-2002.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abdo, A; Ugarte, J C; Castellanos, R; González, L; López, O; Hernández, J C; Valdivia, J; Almora, E; Suárez, O; Diaz, J; Collera, S; Enamorado, A; Vázquez, A; Beníte, P; Dominguez, J; Wilford, M; Falcon, J

    2003-08-01

    In 1998 in the Centro de Investigaciones Medico Quirurgicas the Transplant Coordination Office (TCO) was created, with the aim to organize a system to support a hepatic transplantation program. This organization, which changed the transplantation-donation process not only in our center but in the whole country, is described in this article. The files of donors generated in our hospital were studied together with the transplant coordination records, from 1999 till the first half of 2002. In the period studied, 21 potential donors were diagnosed with brain death, yielding a donation rate of 71.4%. Brain death was most frequently caused by vascular brain disease; however, in the realized donor group, the cranioencephalic trauma predominated. The typical donor was a man of average age 39.2 years (range, 18-86 years). Among the potential donors, 24% were excluded based on medical criteria, and 5% due to family objections. Forty liver transplantation were performed in 36 patients including 1 liver-kidney simultaneous procedure. The principal etiologies for transplant included hepatitis C virus cirrhosis, 22%; alcoholic, 19%; and acute hepatic failure, 13%. Kidney transplantations were performed in 70 patients, including 41 from cadaveric donors (53.6%) and 29 from living related donors (41.4%). In 2001, a pancreas-kidney transplantation program was started. The creation of the TCO has been of paramount importance to optimize transplantation program functions.

  6. ÉTUDE DE CAS — Cuba : Le logement et le capital humain à Cuba ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    10 janv. 2011 ... ÉTUDE DE CAS — Cuba : Le logement et le capital humain à Cuba ... Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI) du Canada révèle ... Les ressources déjà limitées sont devenues encore plus rares. ... de l'Institut national pour l'hygiène, l'épidémiologie et la microbiologie (INHEM), ...

  7. 31 CFR 515.566 - Religious activities in Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Religious activities in Cuba. 515.566..., Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 515.566 Religious activities in Cuba. (a) Specific license... involving transactions (including travel-related transactions) in which Cuba or a Cuban national has an...

  8. U.S. Naval Observatory Annual Report 2001-2002

    Science.gov (United States)

    2002-06-01

    two prototype arrays and the first science grade attempt have been made. The early de- vices look cosmetically very good, with no evidence of cracking...Klepczynski, W., Fenton , P., and Powers, E. ~2002!. ‘‘Time Distribution Capabilities of the Wide Area Augmentation System ~WAAS!,’’ in Proceedings of the 33rd

  9. 48 Human Rights in and around Cuba

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gustafsson, Jan

    2015-01-01

    The article takes point of department in the current reform process in Cuba and its perspectives regarding human rights. To understand the background of the fundamental human rights' problems in Cuba, an analysis of the 'constituting dichotomy' is included and discussed in relation to its represe...... representation in the film, 'Strawberry and Chocolate'. The further perspectives for human rights in Cuba in relation to other Developments in Latin America constitutes the last part....

  10. Impacto de la morbilidad en la salud de la población del País Vasco 2002-2007: una visión integral a través de las esperanzas de salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Unai Martín

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamentos: La estimación del impacto de la morbilidad en la salud de la población es esencial para la planificación sanitaria. El objetivo consistió en estimar este impacto utilizando la esperanza de vida libre de discapacidad y en analizar si la hipotética eliminación de diferentes grupos de enfermedades hubiera conllevado una compresión o expansión de la morbilidad. Métodos: Estudio transversal referido a la población residente en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco. Se combinaron datos de mortalidad (2002-2006, de la encuesta de salud del País Vasco (2007 y de población. Se estimó el impacto de los grupos de enfermedades y de enfermedades seleccionadas sobre las tasas de mortalidad, la esperanza de vida y los años potenciales de vida perdidos (APVP, y la discapacidad (número absoluto y tasas, así como de manera conjunta a través de la esperanza de vida libre de discapacidad (EVLD, calculada mediante el método Sullivan. Resultados: Las enfermedades que provocaron un mayor impacto sobre la mortalidad en los hombres fueron los tumores (35,2% de las muertes y el 39,3% de los APVP, y en las mujeres las enfermedades circulatorias (34,5% del total de muertes y los tumores (43,6% del total de APVP. En la discapacidad las de mayor impacto fueron las enfermedades osteomusculares, que provocaron el 26,6% y el 45,2% del total de casos en hombres y mujeres. Las causas con un mayor impacto conjunto fueron las del aparato circulatorio (4,2 años de EVLD en hombres y 3,8 en mujeres. Sin embargo, las enfermedades osteomusculares fueron las que produjeron un mayor impacto sobre los años de vida con discapacidad. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades con mayor impacto en la salud fueron las del sistema circulatorio, los tumores y las del sistema osteomuscular. La eliminación de este último grupo de enfermedades hubiera provocado una compresión de la morbilidad provocando la mayor reducción en años vividos con discapacidad entre el total de

  11. Science and Technology Diplomacy with Cuba

    Science.gov (United States)

    Colon, Frances

    President Obama's announcement of U. S. policy change toward Cuba and increased freedom of interaction with the Cuban people opens unprecedented and long-awaited opportunities for the scientific and engineering communities in the U. S. and in Cuba to establish and expand collaborative efforts that will greatly advance U.S. and Cuba science and technology agendas. New rules for export of donated-only items for scientific use will bring researchers closer to the level of their professional peers around the world. Increasing Cubans' access to information will result in greater interactions between scientific communities and enable the sharing of ideas and discoveries that can fuel entrepreneurship on the island. The scientific community has expressed an extraordinary level of interest in the wide range of scientific opportunities that the new policy presents, in collaborating with their Cuban counterparts, and in supporting the development of scientific capacity in Cuba. In response to numerous expressions of interest and inquiries from the scientific community, the Office of the Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary of State (STAS) has engaged in public outreach to inform the U.S. science and technology community of the implications of the new policy for collaborative research, emerging scientific opportunities, and the standing limitations for engagement with the people of Cuba.

  12. Producción científica de y sobre Cuba procesada por la base de datos MEDLINE en el período 1986-1995

    OpenAIRE

    Cañedo Andalia, Rubén; Hernández Bello, Wilfredo; Gutiérrez Valdés, Antoinette M.; Guerrero Ramos, Liliana; Morales Morejón, Melvin

    1999-01-01

    Con el objetivo de establecer los rasgos fundamentales que caracterizan a la producción científica de y sobre Cuba en ciencias de la salud en el período 1986-1995, se realizó una búsqueda retrospectiva en la base de datos MEDLINE. En ella se recuperaron 788 referencias de trabajos de autores cubanos publicados tanto en revistas nacionales como extranjeras, así como 620 de estudios realizados por especialistas de otros países con o sin la cooperación de investigadores cubanos. Se identificaron...

  13. The history of physics in Cuba

    CERN Document Server

    Renn, Jürgen; Wendt, Helge

    2014-01-01

    This book brings together a broad spectrum of authors, both from inside and from outside Cuba, who describe the development of Cuba's scientific system from the colonial period to the present. It is a unique documentation of the self-organizing power of a local scientific community engaged in scientific research on an international level. The first part includes several contributions that reconstruct the different stages of the history of physics in Cuba, from its beginnings in the late colonial era to the present. The second part comprises testimonies of Cuban physicists, who offer lively insights from the perspective of the actors themselves. The third part presents a series of testimonies by foreign physicists, some of whom were directly involved in developing Cuban physics, in particular in the development of teaching and research activities in the early years of the Escuela de Física. The fourth part of the volume deals with some of the issues surrounding the publishing of scientific research in Cuba. C...

  14. Huella fundacional española de la salud animal en la Octava Villa de Cuba: San Juan de los Remedios - Foundations of the Spanish roots of the Veterinary Medicine in the Eighth Village of Cuba: San Juan de los Remedios

    OpenAIRE

    Rojas Lleonart, Isaías; Silveira Prado, Enrique A

    2010-01-01

    ResumenEn el presente artículo se realiza un análisis histórico de los acontecimientos que permiten fundamentar las raíces españolas de la Veterinaria en la Octava Villa de Cuba, San Juan de los Remedios, actualmente municipio de Remedios, en la provincia de Villa Clara.SummaryIn this article a historical analysis of the events that allow to lay the foundations of the Spanish roots of the Veterinary medicine in the Eighth Village of Cuba, San Juan de los Remedios, nowadays municipality of Rem...

  15. ENVEJECIMIENTO, SALUD Y ECONOMÍA: La Encuesta Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México*

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-01-01

    RESUMEN México vive una transición demográfica en la cual el porcentaje de la población mayor de 50 años de edad crece aceleradamente como resultado de un aumento considerable en la esperanza de vida. Dicha población tiene necesidades particulares que deben ser tomadas en cuenta en la formulación de políticas, sobre todo en materia de acceso a servicios de salud y seguridad social. En este artículo presentamos una descripción general de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento (Enasem), un estudio de panel que comenzó en 2001 y que ofrece una oportunidad única para abordar temas demográficos y económicos complejos por medio de la exploración de las características personales, transferencias socioeconómicas e indicadores de salud para una muestra de 15 186 adultos de edad media y avanzada. También presentamos los resultados más relevantes de diferentes estudios que han utilizado la Enasem hasta la fecha. Nuestra revisión indica que México enfrenta desafíos considerables para satisfacer la demanda de servicios médicos para una población que es amenazada por una creciente presencia de enfermedades crónicas, sobre todo para la población de edad avanzada que no cuenta con cobertura de seguro médico. PMID:29375164

  16. Cuba: The Next Unanticipated Anticipated Strategic Crisis?

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Gorrell, Tim

    2005-01-01

    ...; and the current Bush administration with the global war on terrorism (GWOT). Cuba, specifically post-Castro Cuba, could very well trigger the next unanticipated crisis even though the writing is on the...

  17. Herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of Eastern Cuba

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hernández, J.; Volpato, G.

    2004-01-01

    Herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of Eastern Cuba. Traditional herbal mixtures in Eastern Cuba are investigated through interviews with 130 knowledgeable people and traditional healers of the provinces of Santiago de Cuba and Guantanamo. One hundred seventy plant species and other products

  18. Psicología de la Salud cubana: apuntes históricos y proyecciones en los inicios del siglo XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge A. Grau Abalo

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Se sistematizan aspectos históricos del desarrollo de la Psicología de la Salud cubana a lo largo de más de 42 años de su inserción en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, considerando tres grupos de determinantes: en el primer grupo, se combina la aparición de una nueva forma de pensamiento con el reconocimiento del modelo biopsicosoc ial tras la transformación del viejo modelo biomédico, la nueva conceptualización del proceso salud-enfermedad y el conocimiento creciente de factores psi cológicos y soc iales asociados a este proceso, la transición en los perfiles epidemiológicos, la irrupción de los conceptos de bienestar y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, la incorporación de la atención primaria como ámbito fundamental para muchas acciones de salud y la importancia del trabajo en equipos interdisciplinarios. El segundo, está relacionado con los cambios sociales ocurridos en Cuba después de la década de los 60 y que materializaron estas nuevas concepciones con un enfoque preventivo, de proyección social. El tercero, vincula el desarrollo mismo de la Psicología con campos específicos de actuación. Además, se intentan identificar las tareas prioritarias para la Psicología de la salud cubana en el presente y formular sus proyecciones básicas, para los próximos años en el contexto de las tendencias mundiales en esta disciplina.

  19. Compensatory lengthening in the Spanish of Havana, Cuba: Acoustic analyses of word-internal, post-nuclear /l/ and /r/

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carlson, Kristin M.

    Given the geographic, demographic, and historical importance of Cuba vis-a-vis the dissemination of language and culture throughout the Hispanic Caribbean, one would naturally anticipate a larger corpus of scientifically-noteworthy linguistic publications on Cuban Spanish, which is far from the actual case. Moreover, the gemination of an onset positionally subsequent to the deletion of a syllable-final liquid (generally termed liquid gemination in the literature) has been repeatedly claimed yet remarkably unsubstantiated as a pervasive characteristic of Cuban Spanish, particularly of the western dialect region (cf. Alfaraz (2000, 2007, 2008), Casanellas and Alamo (1985), Choy Lopez (1985, 1988, 1989), Costa Sanchez (1987), Darias Concepcion (2001, 2005), Dohotaru (2002, 2007), Figueroa Esteva and Dohotaru (1994), Garcia Perez (2006), Garcia Riveron (1991), Haden and Matluck (1973, 1974, 1977), Isbǎsescu (1965, 1968), Lamb (1968), Levina (1970), Montero Bernal (1990, 2002, 2007a, b), Ringer Uber (1986), Ruiz Hernandez (1978), Sosa (1974), Terrell (1976), Trista and Valdes (1978), Valdes Acosta (1980), and Vera Riveron (2000)). As a result, in the interest of supplementing all antecedent work concerning the allophony of final liquids as well as affording a more descriptively-precise account of the allophony of word-internal, post-nuclear /l/ and /[Special character omitted]/ in Cuban Spanish in addition to expressly addressing the need for empirical data-collection and analysis processes, the present investigation was specifically designed and implemented to acoustically investigate the phenomenon of gemination as it is purported to occur in the Spanish of the region of Havana, Cuba: more specifically, (1) to acoustically examine the qualitative and quantitative patternings of post-nuclear /l/ and /[Special character omitted]/ within the word; and (2) to statistically evaluate the relationship between gemination and eight independent variables: gender, age group

  20. Temperature, salinity, microplankton abundance and other data from three cruises of the R/V Cape Hatteras in the NW Atlantic to study bacterial activity, August 2001 - March 2002 (NODC Accession 0001675)

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data is from three cruises on the R/V Cape Hatteras taken in Aug and October 2001, and March 2002 from Boothbay Harbor Maine to the Sargasso Sea. The purpose of...

  1. Areva reached its objectives in 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    2003-01-01

    In 2002 the turnover of the Areva group has fallen by 7,1 % from 8,90 milliard euros in 2001 to 8,26 milliard euros. This fall breaks up into -3,6 % for the nuclear sector and -20,7 % for connector engineering. The sharp drop for connector engineering is not surprising and is attributed to the fact that in 2002 there was no revival of business in the market of communication equipment. (A.C.)

  2. Fuentes de infeccion de histoplasmosis en la Isla de la Juventud, Cuba Sources of infection of histoplasmosis in the Island of Youth, Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Manuel Fernandez Andreu

    1992-10-01

    Full Text Available El propósito del presente trabajo es reportar el aislamiento de Histoplasma capsulation, agente etiológico de la histoplasmosis, a partir del suelo de lugares habitados por murciélagos y gallinas en la Isla de la Juventud, Cuba. El hongo fue cultivado también a partir de los órganos de cuatro especies de murciélagos capturados en cuevas. La identificación de H. capsulatum se realizó mediante la conversión de la fase miceliana a levadura y por el test de exoantígenos. Se señala el valor epidemiológico de estos hallazgos en cuevas de gran importancia arqueológica, espeleológica y turística, así como el riesgo potencial que representan para la salud humana. Los autores concluyen con recomendaciones para evitar la infección por H. capsulatum en aquellas personas que por determinadas razones tengan que estar en contacto con estos ambientes contaminados.The purpose of this work is to report the isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum, etiologic agent of histoplasmosis, from soil in sites inhabited by bats and chicken in the Island of Youth, Cuba. The fungus was cultured from four species of cavedwelling bats too. The identification of H. capsulatum was done by mycelial to yeast conversion and exoantigen test. It is pointed out the epidemiological value of some of these isolations in caves of great importance from the archeologic, speleologic or touristic point of view; and the potential risk that they represent to human health. The authors conclude with some recommendation to prevent the infection with H. capsultatum in people who have to keep in contact with those environments.

  3. 2002 Industry Studies: News Media

    Science.gov (United States)

    2002-01-01

    USAF CAPT John W. Coleman II, USN Reserve Col Christos Dellas , Greek Army Col Tim Fletcher USAF Lt Col Tim Malinski USAF Lt Col Deb Martinez USAF Ms...Majority Support Government Restrictions on War Coverage,” Washington Post, 29 November 2001, Sec. C, p.1. 54 Lucia Moses, “E&P Survey: Circ Bump was...Afghan War,” The Washington Post, 7 December 2001, Sec. A, p. 43. Moses, Lucia , “E&P Survey: Circ Bump was Modest,” Editor & Publisher, 22 April 2002

  4. Norway; Staff Report for the 2002 Article IV Consultation

    OpenAIRE

    International Monetary Fund

    2003-01-01

    This 2002 Article IV Consultation for Norway highlights that the mainland GDP growth edged up to an estimated 1.4 percent in 2002, from 12 percent in 2001, driven by strong consumption growth. Mainland investment and traditional exports slackened, as a result of weak external demand, high real interest rates, and an appreciation of the nominal effective exchange rate by 11.5 percent during 2002. Unemployment remained fairly stable through 2002 as the expansion of the sheltered sector offset e...

  5. Para un baño de belleza… Salud y publicidad infantil desde la prensa en Cuba (1902-1959)

    OpenAIRE

    Yoel Cordoví Núñez

    2013-01-01

    El artículo analiza la publicidad relacionada con la saludinfantil, tanto en el área de la farmacopea como en la dela higiene. El canal de comunicación seleccionado para elestudio es la prensa escrita producida entre el establecimientode la República de Cuba, en 1902, y el triunfo de larevolución cubana, en 1959. El texto se estructura en unepígrafe inicial que aporta presupuestos teóricos básicosrelacionados con la publicidad infantil y tres tópicosde análisis –historia de la ciencia, histor...

  6. ENVIRONMENTAL TAX IN CUBA, CONTROL YOUR FUND IN SANTIAGO DE CUBA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maira Vázquez-Díaz

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available By issuing the Law 73 of the Tax System in 1994, the taxation on the usage and exploitation of natural resources began to be applied to promote a rational usage of these resources on the protection of the environment. This article refers to the application of this tax in Cuba based on records of imprinted and digital bibliography containing considerations of environmental economists about the subject on a legal approach. It also offers the reader a general view of the application of this tax in the province of Santiago de Cuba as well as information for the specialists incharge of collecting its income which is used to encourage the protection of the environment. 

  7. Preparing for Post-Embargo Cuba: Effects on Businesses and Consumers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ray, Nina M.; And Others

    1995-01-01

    Discusses a brief history of U.S. trade with Cuba, the current status of Cuba's role in world trade, and the effects the U.S. embargo has on American businesses and U.S. and Cuban citizens. The article presents suggestions on how U.S. businesses can prepare for an open Cuba and argues for the lifting of the U.S. embargo against Cuba. (84…

  8. The 2002 RPA Plot Summary database users manual

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patrick D. Miles; John S. Vissage; W. Brad Smith

    2004-01-01

    Describes the structure of the RPA 2002 Plot Summary database and provides information on generating estimates of forest statistics from these data. The RPA 2002 Plot Summary database provides a consistent framework for storing forest inventory data across all ownerships across the entire United States. The data represents the best available data as of October 2001....

  9. Birth planning in Cuba: a basic human right.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Swanson, J M

    1981-01-01

    This paper reports on the development of birth planning in Cuba and strategies that are relevant to nurses in the communities of Cuba. Cuba reduced its crude birth rate by 40% from 1964-75 without formal family planning programs and resources. By 1975, Cuba had achieved the lowest birth rate in Latin America (21/1000) except Barbados (19/1000). By 1978, Cuba's crude birth rate declined to a low of 15.3/1000. The demographic transition in Cuba has been a process of equalization by: 1) community participation to ensure basic human rights for everyone, 2) increasing the status of women while providing child care centers, 3) providing equal availability of health care services including contraceptive services, sterilization, and abortion, and 4) focusing on individual birth choice, not on limiting population growth. Emphasis in Cuba for reducing fertility has been put on literacy, education, and infant mortality. The illiteracy rate in 1961 decreased from 20% to 4%. Infant mortality decreased from 38.8/1000 live births in 1970 to 22.3/1000 in 1978. 1/3 of Cuban women were participating fully in the labor force in 1978. Polyclinics have been established as preventive care medical centers throughout Cuba and health care is free. Family planning options are integrated into routine primary health care at polyclinics and assure equal access to the total Cuban population. Abortion is freely available and increased to 61/1000 in 1976. The implications for nursing are that: 1) the traditional work of nurses places them in a key position to help extend basic human rights beyond current levels, 2) nurses can initiate discussions of birth planning with women and men in a variety of settings, and 3) nurses can increase case-finding related to birth planning needs both in health care classes or within established groups in the community.

  10. VIH/SIDA EN COLOMBIA: ANÁLISIS DE LA RELACIÓN ENTRE DE LA DESIGUALDAD SOCIAL, SALUD Y CONFLICTO ARMADO 2002-2008.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jeadran Nevardo Malagón Rojas

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio ilustrará la relación que existe entre desigualdad social, VIH/SIDA y conflicto armado en Colombia 2002 - 2008. Métodos: Las variables del estudio fueron determinadas de acuerdo con el Índice de Riesgo de Situación Humanitaria. Los datos proporcionados fueron cruzados y estudiados mediante análisis bivariado. Resultados: El análisis de los resultados mostró dos tendencias: un grupo de departamentos con índices de Desarrollo Humano mayores a la media nacional, que presentaron altas tasas de violencia armada y de incidencia de VIH/SIDA. Otro grupo con bajos niveles de desarrollo y pobreza, altas cifras de violencia armada, pero bajas tasas de incidencia de VIH/SIDA. Conclusiones:En el caso colombiano existe una relación demostrable entre conflicto armado, desigualdad social y VIH/SIDA, aunque el nexo de causalidad no es plenamente identificable en el caso de poblaciones donde el conflicto armado ha afectado la operativización de los servicios de Vigilancia en Salud.

  11. Concurrent Cuba

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hahn, T.

    2016-10-01

    The parallel version of the multidimensional numerical integration package Cuba is presented and achievable speed-ups discussed. The parallelization is based on the fork/wait POSIX functions, needs no extra software installed, imposes almost no constraints on the integrand function, and works largely automatically.

  12. An educator's perspective on the emerging Cuba and multiculturalism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Washington, Carla D

    2006-01-01

    Plagued by many years of frequent leadership changes, and influences from power brokers whose policies and politics were oftentimes detrimental to Cuba's emerging as an industrialized and diverse economy nation, Cuba is now attempting to move beyond the survival mode. After the symbiotic relationship between the Soviet Union was dismantled in the 90s, Cuba is now undergoing metamorphoses of growth and change, socially, politically and culturally, while still remaining a mixture of worlds both rural and urban. This narrative article describes the multicultural experiences that an American university professor recently experienced while visiting Cuba.

  13. Diccionario del español de Cuba

    OpenAIRE

    Werner, Reinhold

    2000-01-01

    Diccionario del español de Cuba : español de Cuba - español de España / Günther Haensch ; Reinhold Werner. - Madrid : Gredos, 2000. - LVIII, 606 S. - (Diccionarios contrastivos del español de América)

  14. INIS Progress and Activity Report 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2003-07-01

    Highlights of INIS Activities 2002: The International Nuclear Information System (INIS) collects and distributes scientific information in all areas of nuclear science and technology published in Member States, including bibliographic data and the full text of documents - reports, dissertations, etc. - not readily available through commercial channels (the non-conventional literature, NCL). Membership: In 2002 five new Member States joined INIS. The number of participating members was 127 and included 108 countries and 19 International Organizations. Bibliographic Database: In 2002, INIS was able to augment the level and maintain the quality of input into the Bibliographic Database. A total of 71 276 records were added to the database, which represents an increase of 2,7% compared to the production of 2001, and 8,4% compared to 2000. This includes 3 839 bibliographic records prepared as voluntary contribution by INIS Member States1 (an increase of 93% compared to 2001) and 11 428 records prepared as voluntary contribution by the INIS Secretariat (an increase of 173% compared to 2001). There are now 2 347 302 records in the INIS database. The Agency signed an agreement with Elsevier Science BV for the acquisition of electronic bibliographic records. A second agreement has been signed with the American Institute of Physics (AIP), to become operational in 2003, and negotiations are in progress with three other publishers: Springer Verlag, John Wiley and Sons and Thomson ISI. Other sources of electronic records are being investigated.

  15. INIS Progress and Activity Report 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-01-01

    Highlights of INIS Activities 2002: The International Nuclear Information System (INIS) collects and distributes scientific information in all areas of nuclear science and technology published in Member States, including bibliographic data and the full text of documents — reports, dissertations, etc. — not readily available through commercial channels (the non-conventional literature, NCL). Membership: In 2002 five new Member States joined INIS. The number of participating members was 127 and included 108 countries and 19 International Organizations. Bibliographic Database: In 2002, INIS was able to augment the level and maintain the quality of input into the Bibliographic Database. A total of 71 276 records were added to the database, which represents an increase of 2,7% compared to the production of 2001, and 8,4% compared to 2000. This includes 3 839 bibliographic records prepared as voluntary contribution by INIS Member States1 (an increase of 93% compared to 2001) and 11 428 records prepared as voluntary contribution by the INIS Secretariat (an increase of 173% compared to 2001). There are now 2 347 302 records in the INIS database. The Agency signed an agreement with Elsevier Science BV for the acquisition of electronic bibliographic records. A second agreement has been signed with the American Institute of Physics (AIP), to become operational in 2003, and negotiations are in progress with three other publishers: Springer Verlag, John Wiley and Sons and Thomson ISI. Other sources of electronic records are being investigated

  16. 31 CFR 515.570 - Remittances to Nationals of Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Remittances to Nationals of Cuba. 515..., Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 515.570 Remittances to Nationals of Cuba. (a) Family... older are authorized to make remittances to nationals of Cuba who are close relatives, as defined in...

  17. Modificación de conocimientos sobre salud reproductiva en adolescentes con riesgo preconcepcional Knowledge modification to sexually reproductive health in adolescents with pre-conception risk

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Niolisday Leyva Ramírez

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Se hizo una intervención educativa en 30 adolescentes con riesgo preconcepcional, atendidas en la consulta de planificación familiar y salud reproductiva perteneciente al Policlínico Universitario "Josué País García" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre del 2007, a fin de modificar sus conocimientos sobre salud sexual. En la serie predominó la instrucción inadecuada en cuanto a embarazo en la adolescencia, aborto provocado, métodos anticonceptivos e infecciones sexualmente transmisibles; comportamiento que fue variado satisfactoriamente luego de la estrategia educativa, pues la mayoría de las integrantes incorporaron nuevas nociones sobre el tema o incrementaron las que poseían anteriormente al respecto.A teaching intervention in 30 adolescents with pre-conception risk attended at the Birth Control and Reproductive Health Department from ¨Josué País García¨ University Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2007 to December, 2007, in order to modify their sexual health knowledge. Inadequate instruction about teenage pregnancy, artificial abortion, contraceptive methods, and sexually transmitted infections were predominant in the series. This behavioral pattern was successfully modified after the educational strategy, since most of the adolescents acquired new ideas about this issue or improved the ones they had already learned.

  18. Nuclear safety review for the year 2001

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2002-07-01

    The Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2001 reports on worldwide efforts to strengthen nuclear and radiation safety, including radioactive waste safety. It is in three parts. Part 1 describes those events in 2001 that have, or may have, significance for nuclear, radiation and waste safety worldwide. It includes developments such as new initiatives in international cooperation, events of safety significance and events that may be indicative of trends in safety. Part 2 describes some of the IAEA's efforts to strengthen international co-operation in nuclear, radiation and waste safety during 2001. It covers legally binding international agreements, non-binding safety standards, and provisions for the application of safety standards. This is done in a very brief manner, because these issues are addressed in more detail in the Agency's Annual Report for 2001. Part 3 presents a brief look ahead to some issues that are likely to be prominent in the coming year(s). The topics covered were selected by the IAEA Secretariat on the basis of trends observed in recent years, account being taken of planned or expected future developments. A draft of the Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2001 was presented to the March 2002 session of IAEA's Board of Governors. This final version has been prepared taking account of the discussion in the Board. In some places, information has been added to describe developments early in 2002 that were considered pertinent to the discussion of events during 2001

  19. West Nile virus activity in Latin America and the Caribbean La actividad del virus del Nilo occidental en América Latina y el Caribe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicholas Komar

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: West Nile virus (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae; WNV has spread rapidly throughout the Caribbean Basin since its initial detection there in 2001. This report summarizes our current knowledge of WNV transmission in tropical America. METHODS: We reviewed the published literature and consulted with key public health officials to obtain unpublished data. RESULTS: West Nile virus infections first appeared in human residents of the Cayman Islands and the Florida Keys in 2001, and in apparently healthy Jamaican birds sampled early in 2002. Serologic evidence of WNV infection in 2002 was detected in horses, chickens and resident free-ranging birds in Guadeloupe, the Dominican Republic, and eastern Mexico. In 2003, WNV spread in Mexico and northern Central America, and serologic evidence was detected in the Bahamas, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 2004, the first serologic evidence of WNV activity in South American ecosystems surfaced in September-October in Colombia and Trinidad, where domestic animals circulated WNV-neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: The sparse reports of equine, human and avian disease in Latin America and the Caribbean is puzzling. Isolates are needed to evaluate viral attenuation or other possible explanations for reduced disease burden in tropical ecosystems.OBJETIVOS: El virus del Nilo occidental (VNO, familia Flaviviridae, género Flavivirus se ha propagado rápidamente por toda la cuenca del Caribe desde que se detectó por primera vez en 2001. En este informe se resumen nuestros conocimientos actuales acerca de la transmisión del VNO en zonas tropicales del continente americano. MÉTODOS: Revisamos todo lo que se ha publicado sobre el tema y consultamos a autoridades de salud clave para obtener datos inéditos. RESULTADOS: Las infecciones por el virus del Nilo occidental aparecieron por primera vez en seres humanos residentes de las Islas Caimán y de los Cayos de la Florida en 2001, y en pájaros de aspecto sano de los

  20. Joint Ventures in Cuba: Opportunities for Direct Foreign Investment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tancer, Robert S.

    1995-01-01

    Presents a brief history of direct foreign investment in Cuba since 1982. This investment currently plays an important role in Cuba as a replacement to Soviet aid and as a means to earn foreign exchange. Tourism and mining are the preferred area for foreign investment because both of these sectors offer hard currency returns for Cuba. (20…

  1. Necesidades percibidas de atención de salud al adulto mayor desde una perspectiva de género Noted needs of health care to elderly from a gender perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aida Rodríguez Cabrera

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: el proceso de envejecimiento ha sido muy acelerado en Cuba, lo que implica demandas crecientes de atención en salud al adulto mayor, y la necesidad de tomar en consideración el enfoque de género para lograr mejores componentes al establecer las políticas de salud. Objetivo: identificar las principales necesidades percibidas de atención en salud de la población de 60 años y más desde una perspectiva de género. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el área de salud del policlínico «Leonilda Tamayo Matos», de la Isla de la Juventud, mediante encuesta, a una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 400 personas de ambos sexos. Resultados: la atención por parte de los Médicos y Enfermeras de la Familia fue referida con falta de sistematicidad y poca disponibilidad de instructores para la atención a actividades del adulto mayor. Resaltan la necesidad de atención a los que viven solos, carencias de salud no satisfechas, e insuficiencias en el seguimiento de las enfermedades, consideraciones de las acciones de salud con independencia del sexo. Conclusiones: existen aspectos de la atención de salud a esta población que deben mejorase y aún hay importantes brechas por resolver. En la atención de salud no se muestran diferencias de género.Introduction: Aging process has been much accelerated in Cuba involving increasing demands of health care to elderly and the need of considering the gender approach to achieve better components to establish health policies. Objective: To identify the major noted of health care of population aged 60 or more from a gender perspective. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in health area from the "Leonilda Tamayo Matos" Polyclinic in Isla de la Juventud municipality by survey in a stratified randomized sample including 400 persons of both sexes. Results: Family physicians and nurses care was lacking of systematization and of little availability of

  2. Características de la anidación de la tortuga verde Chelonia mydas (Testudinata, Cheloniidae en la playa Caleta de los Piojos, Cuba, a partir de marcaciones externas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ferrer Sánchez, Y.

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Nesting characteristics of the Green turtle Chelonia mydas (Testudinata, Cheloniidae at Caleta de los Piojos Beach, Cuba, determined from tagging studies Green turtle (Chelonia mydas females nesting during 2002 and 2003 nesting seasons at Caleta de los Piojos Beach, Cuba, were studied using data from individual tagging. Nesting occurred on average twice per season with a mean interval of 10.9 days. A high number of turtles nested only once per season (39% and 40% respectively. The percentage of failed multiple nesting attempts was high in both seasons. However, the percentage of failed attempts prior to the first nesting was higher in the 2003 season. Vegetation areas seem to be the most suitable sites for nesting and have a significant effect on nest-site selection behaviour. Fidelity to first nest-site was high, 50.3% and 72.9% respectively for 2002 and 2003. Observed mean clutch size (117 eggs was closely related to body dimensions.

  3. Best Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror 2001.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Voice of Youth Advocates, 2002

    2002-01-01

    Presents an annotated bibliography of 81 science fiction, fantasy, and horror genre titles that were judged best-reads by reviewers in "Voice of Youth Advocates" from June 2001 through April 2002. (LRW)

  4. Nuclear safety. Concerns about the nuclear power reactors in Cuba

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wells, Jim; Aloise, Gene; Flaherty, Thomas J.; Fitzgerald, Duane; Zavala, Mario; Hayward, Mary Alice

    1992-09-01

    In 1976, the Soviet Union and Cuba concluded an agreement to construct two 440-megawatt nuclear power reactors near Cienfuegos on the south central coast of Cuba, about 180 miles south of Key West, Florida. The construction of these reactors, which began around 1983, was a high priority for Cuba because of its heavy dependence on imported oil. Cuba is estimated to need an electrical generation capacity of 3,000 megawatts by the end of the decade. When completed, the first reactor unit would provide a significant percentage (estimated at over 15 percent) of Cuba's need for electricity. It is uncertain when Cuba's nuclear power reactors will become operational. On September 5, 1992, Fidel Castro announced the suspension of construction at both of Cuba's reactors because Cuba could not meet the financial terms set by the Russian government to complete the reactors. Cuban officials had initially planned to start up the first of the two nuclear reactors by the end of 1993. However, before the September 5 announcement, it was estimated that this reactor would not be operational until late 1995 or early 1996. The civil construction (such as floors and walls) of the first reactor is currently estimated to be about 90 percent to 97 percent complete, but only about 37 percent of the reactor equipment (such as pipes, pumps, and motors) has been installed. The civil construction of the second reactor is about 20 percent to 30 percent complete. No information was available about the status of equipment for the second reactor. According to former Cuban nuclear power and electrical engineers and a technician, all of whom worked at the reactor site and have recently emigrated from Cuba, Cuba's nuclear power program suffers from poor construction practices and inadequate training for future reactor operators. One former official has alleged, for example, that the first reactor containment structure, which is designed to prevent the accidental release of radioactive material into

  5. A educação em saúde como uma estratégia para enfermagem na prevenção do alcoolismo La educación en salud como una estrategia para enfermería en la prevención del alcoholismo The education in health as nursing strategy in the prevention of the alcoholism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sílvio Éder Dias da Silva

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Os relatórios de organizações internacionais evidenciam que 200 milhões de pessoas consumiram alguma droga ilícita entre 2001 e 2002, ou seja, 3,4% da população mundial. Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a educação em saúde como uma estratégia viável para a Enfermagem na prevenção e promoção da saúde em relação ao alcoolismo. Na primeira parte do texto, tratamos da problemática do alcoolismo no mundo; na segunda parte, apresentamos aspectos teóricos contextuais acerca da educação em saúde, como estratégia de apoio à promoção da saúde e prevenção do alcoolismo; na terceira parte, apresentamos algumas experiências de sucesso na prevenção do uso e abuso do álcool e, finalmente, na terceira parte desta reflexão, colocamos a importância da atuação da Enfermagem e da equipe de saúde na utilização da educação em saúde como possibilidade para atuar de forma preventiva contra o alcoolismo.Los informes de organizaciones internacionales evidencian que 200 millones de personas consumieron alguna droga ilícita entre 2001 y 2002, es decir 3,4% de la población mundial. Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre la educación en salud como una estrategia viable para la enfermería en la prevención y promoción de la salud en relación al alcoholismo. En la primera parte del texto tratamos de la problemática del alcoholismo en el mundo; en la segunda parte presentamos aspectos teórico contextuales acerca de la educación en salud, como estrategia de apoyo la promoción de la salud y prevención del alcoholismo; en la tercera parte presentamos algunas experiencias de éxito en la prevención del uso y abuso del alcohol y por último en la tercera parte de esta reflexión ponemos la importancia de la actuación de la enfermería y del equipo de salud en la utilización de la educación en salud como posibilidad para actuar de forma preventiva contra el alcoholismo.The information of international

  6. Baculovirus potential for agricultural pests management in Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Luis Ayala Sifontes

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Cuba has an international reputation for implementing widespread biological control of pests, and microbial biocontrol is an integral component of most pest management programs. One class of microbial pesticides however, has not been developed in Cuba, bio-insecticides based on the Baculoviridae. This class of safe and environmentally protective microbial pesticides is used ever more commonly worldwide as an alternative to chemical pesticides. The characteristics of the viruses of this family, particularly their high host specificity, safety to non-target organisms, capacity to persist in nature and create epizootics, and the economy with which they can be produced "in vivo", all make them attractive for incorporation into pest management programs along with other pesticides developed in Cuba. The mass production technology is well understood in Cuba and biofactories already exist for a number of microbial biocontrol products. In the province of Sancti Spíritus, the Plant Protection Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, with the cooperation of the Institute for Sustainable Horticulture, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, are resuming the work which began in the 90´s to develop baculovirus products in support of sustainable agriculture in Cuba. This work is being carried out with the participation of young Canadian and Cuban students and professionals. The program includes research with the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis viruses of Spodoptera frugiperda (SfMNPV and S. exigua (SeMNPV and the search for native isolates of Baculovirus in Plutella xylostella, three priority pests in Cuba. In other jurisdictions they are well controlled by baculoviruses, and the expectation is that this same result is possible in Cuba.

  7. Idoneidad de los dirigentes del poder popular para cooperar con la atención primaria de salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Meinardo Zayas Vinent

    1997-10-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo constituyó una investigación operacional de campo inscrita dentro de los estudios acerca del desarrollo de los Sistemas Locales de Salud (SILOS, con el propósito de determinar la idoneidad de un grupo de dirigentes de base de los Órganos del Poder Popular del Consejo Popular "Los Olmos" en el municipio Santiago de Cuba, en el cual se aplicaron varios instrumentos de la práctica epidemiológica, como son: revisión documental, encuestas, entrevistas, discusión grupal y otros. El estudio puso de manifiesto que las limitaciones más importantes estuvieron dadas por la necesidad de definir y dirigir la atención de la salud con un enfoque epidemiológico que integre los aspectos biomédicos con los sociales y psicológicos; los problemas sociales son identificados como fuente de trastornos de salud en la comunidad, pero los actores sociales no se encuentran lo suficientemente adiestrados para realizar acciones que lleven a su modificación, a la vez que se ignora a la comunidad como fuente de solución de sus propios problemas de salud. El mayor obstáculo hallado fue la falta de voluntad política en algunos dirigentes de los Órganos del Poder Popular, los que a pesar de tener los conocimientos adecuados impiden lograr la intersectorialidad, multisectorialidad y multidisciplinariedad necesarias para mejorar la eficacia, eficiencia y efectividad en los Sistemas de Servicios de Salud.The present paper constituted an operational field investigations incuded in the studies about the development of the Health Local System (HLS aimed at determining the competence of a group of base leaders from the People's Power Governamental Bodies of "Los Olmos" People's Council in the municipality of Santiago de Cuba, where the following instruments of the epidemiological practice were applied: documental revien, surveys, interviews, group debated, etc. This study showed that the most important limitations resulted from the need to define

  8. Doctor Octavio Montoro y los primeros casos de diabetes tratados con insulina en Cuba Doctor Octavio Montoro and the first cases of diabetes treated with insulin in Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dagoberto Álvarez Aldana

    2003-08-01

    Full Text Available El uso clínico de la insulina por Banting y Best representa un hito en la historia de las ciencias médicas. Los avances en este campo han sido espectaculares y nuestro país no está ajeno a ellos. Sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre los primeros trabajos realizados por los médicos cubanos en relación con la insulinoterapia, hecho trascendental en la historia de la endocrinología cubana, pero desconocido principalmente para las nuevas generaciones de endocrinólogos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivos destacar la introducción en la clínica moderna de la insulina como un importante suceso en la historiografía médica cubana y divulgar la evolución clínica y el esquema terapéutico aplicado a los primeros casos de diabetes mellitus tratados con insulina en Cuba, así como resaltar el empeño y la capacidad de los profesionales de la salud pioneros en el uso clínico de la insulina en aquellos años, entre los que se destaca el Doctor Octavio Montoro. Para realizar este trabajo fue consultada la bibliografía médica de la época, archivos y otras fuentes. Como resultado se obtuvo que en Cuba se introdujo la insulina en el tratamiento de los pacientes diabéticos en febrero de 1923, por el Doctor Montoro, quien fue reconocido por sus conocimientos médicos y por su vasta cultura. Desempeñó múltiples cargos y recibió numerosas condecoraciones. Se concluyó que Cuba fue uno de los primeros países en el mundo que contó con la insulina como arma terapéutica contra la diabetes. El Doctor Octavio Montoro hizo importantes aportes en la investigación sobre la diabetes, por lo que merece ser considerado, a nuestro juicio, como el padre de la diabetología en nuestro país.The clinical use of insulin by Banting and Best represents a hallmark in the history of medical sciences. The advances in this field have been amazing and our country was also involved in this development. However, little is known about the first works carried out by Cuban

  9. Annual Program Progress Report under DOE/PHRI Cooperative Agreement: (July 1, 2001-June 30, 2002)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Palafox, Neal A., MD, MPH

    2002-07-31

    OAK B188 DOE/PHRI Special Medical Care Program in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI)Annual Program Progress Report. The DOE Marshall Islands Medical Program continued, in this it's 48th year, to provide medical surveillance for the exposed population from Rongelap and Utrik and the additional DOE patients. The program was inaugurated in 1954 by the Atomic Energy Commission following the exposure of Marshallese to fallout from a nuclear test (Castle Bravo) at Bikini Atoll. This year marks the fourth year in which the program has been carried out by PHRI under a cooperative agreement with DOE. The DOERHRI Special Medical Care Program, awarded the cooperative agreement on August 28, 1998, commenced its health care program on January 15, 1999, on Kwajalein and January 22, 1999, on Majuro. This report details the program for the July 1, 2001, through the June 30, 2002, period. The program provides year-round, on-site medical care to the DOE patient population residing in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) and annual examinations to those patients living in Hawaii and on the Continental U.S.

  10. Pobres pero sanos... ¿formacion o formalizacion de recursos humanos en salud? modelo alternativo de la enseñanza superior en promoción de la salud.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alicia Hernández Zamora

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available Hablar de la formación de recursos humanos en salud, sin preguntarnos ¿Formación de quién?, ¿Qué tipo de formación? ¿Formación o formalización? Formación de recursos humanos en salud ¿Para quién?, ¿Para que estrato o clase social?¿ Con qué nivel de salud? ¿Para que realidad? La que vivimos otidianamente o la que nos hacen creer que vivimos. En México éstas son preguntas inevitables pues la salud en los sujetos individuales o colectivos es diferenciada de acuerdo con los que tienen demasiado, los que tienen poco y los que nada tienen ni tendrán, como lo dejan ver las estrategias económicas en curso. De acuerdo con el Reporte Mundial del Desarrollo 2004, en México 20% de las familias más ricas se lleva el 59.1% de la riqueza nacional, mientras que el 20 % más pobre sobrevive con apenas 3.1 % de la riqueza; es decir con migajas. Esto nos lleva al dilema sobre el que giran algunas reflexiones, es que la salud seleccione a los individuos en diferentes condiciones sociales o que son las condiciones sociales las que determinan el nivel de salud de un grupo o población (MARMOT, WILKINSON, 2001. En el presente documento primero formulare una serie de cuestionamientos que darán paso a la reflexión crítica sobre la formación de recursos humanos en salud, a través de la contextualización social y económica en México. En segundo lugar debatiré las diferencias conceptuales entre formar y formalizar recursos humanos en salud. Por último abordare el modelo educativo de la Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México y lo que llamo modelo alternativo de enseñanza superior en promoción de la salud, a través de la experiencia de construcción de la licenciatura en Promoción de la Salud en nuestra universidad a través del vínculo comunitario establecido.

  11. Powering Cuba: A Possible Action Plan For Creating Cuba's Sustainable Energy Future

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yeh, Brandon; Hess, Matt; Sloane, Taylor; Harris, Zach

    2017-01-01

    While Cuba enjoys a high rate of electrification, 82% of its electricity today is generated from oil with an overall estimated levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.27 per kWh. Moreover, Cuba is experiencing increased electricity demand driven by a burgeoning tourism industry and an emerging small-medium size business sector. If the current power mix persists until 2040, power generation costs and carbon emissions would nearly double to US$9.8B and 24M MT CO2 per year respectively. This paper presents an overall strategy for Cuba to ensure its energy security and provide the Cuban people with clean, affordable and reliable access to electricity. With a total estimated cost of $14.1B, our proposal aims to reduce the overall cost of electricity generation to $0.14 per kWh by 2040. We recommend: Implementing a comprehensive renewable energy strategy that includes an energy mix of: (1) community-solar for small cooperative business (8.5%); (2) long-term investments for utility-scale solar IPPs (8.5%); (3) development of wind farms by IPPs (17.5%); and (4) maintaining supplementary biomass generation (6%); Installing complementary reliable sources of grid power from natural gas combined cycle plants (NGCC) via domestic production and LNG imports from a floating storage regasification unit (FSRU), accounting for 35% of Cuba’s energy; Attracting $700 million in infrastructure investment necessary to decrease transmission and distribution (T&D) losses; and Enacting reforms that increase regulatory certainty, investor protection, and the ease of doing business in Cuba for foreign investors. (author)

  12. CASE STUDY: Cuba — Housing and human capital in Cuba | IDRC ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    2011-01-10

    Jan 10, 2011 ... Less than half the population had access to safe drinking water. ... talking about Cuba's recent efforts to restore its collapsing urban environment. ... by a team of international researchers, working directly with neighbourhood ...

  13. International nuclear power status 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lauritzen, B.; Majborn, B.; Nonboel, E.; Oelgaard, P.L.

    2003-03-01

    This report is the ninth in a series of annual reports on the international development of nuclear power with special emphasis on reactor safety. For 2002, the report contains: 1) General trends in the development of nuclear power; 2) Decommissioning of the nuclear facilities at Risoe National Laboratory: 3) Statistical information on nuclear power production (in 2001); 4) An overview of safety-relevant incidents in 2002; 5) The development in West Europe; 6) The development in East Europe; 7) The development in the rest of the world; 8) Development of reactor types; 9) The nuclear fuel cycle; 10) International nuclear organisations. (au)

  14. Climate Assessment for 2002

    Science.gov (United States)

    Waple, A. M.; Lawrimore, J. H.

    2003-04-01

    It is the thirteenth year that the Climate Assessment has been written to summarize the state of the earth's climate, and the third year that the National Climatic Data Center has taken the lead in its production. It is a cooperative effort that includes contributions from scientists around the country and the world. Neutral ENSO conditions at the beginning of 2002 gave way to a strengthening El Niño episode during late boreal summer and continuing into early winter. Weather patterns across the world began to reflect the positive ENSO conditions during the boreal autumn. Global temperatures in 2002 were 0.56°C above the long-term (1880-2001) average, which places 2002 as the second warmest year on record. Land temperatures were 0.89°C above average and ocean temperatures were 0.42°C above the 1880-2001 mean. This ranks both land and ocean as second warmest on record. The Northern Hemisphere temperature continues to average near record levels in 2002 at 0.63°C above the long-term average. The Southern Hemisphere also reflects the globally warmer conditions, with a positive anomaly of 0.47°C. Annual anomalies in excess of 1.0°C were widespread across much of Russia, Eastern Europe, Alaska, and central South America, while significantly cooler than average conditions were confined to the eastern half of Canada, southern South America and the eastern Pacific Ocean, near the coast of the United States. Although 12 tropical storms developed in the Atlantic during the boreal summer of 2002, most of them were weak and short-lived leading to a slightly below normal season in terms of overall activity, which is consistent with the developing El Nino. However, seven tropical storms made landfall on the coast of the United States, with an eighth brushing the coast of North Carolina. Hurricane Lili was the first hurricane to impact the U.S. directly in three years. Other notable aspects of the climate in 2002 include extreme drought in parts of the U.S., Canada and

  15. CRAF 2002 - An Analysis of CRAF Participation Since September 2001

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Teagan, Shawn E

    2002-01-01

    This paper analyzes Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) participation prior to and after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, to determine if the events of that day caused a change in air carrier participation...

  16. CASE STUDY: Cuba — Farmers and Researchers Reshape Cuba's ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Faced with a unique economic crisis, Cuba's national agriculture system was near ... But working together with groups of farmers, a team of young plant breeders is turning ... "Sometimes when we plant and we expect good results, we actually get poor results. .... "For me, when I think about varieties, they are like people.

  17. Estrategia para la migración al software libre en el sector de la salud pública en la provincia de Camagüey

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Sánchez Méndez

    Full Text Available En el escenario actual de Cuba y el mundo la migración al software libre constituye una necesidad para el desarrollo para garantizar la independencia tecnológica. Los procedimientos para realizar dicho proceso son fundamentales en la estrategia definida por el país que incluye la "Guía cubana de migración al software libre", sin embargo, su aplicación práctica enfrenta dificultades que han motivado a los autores a la elaboración de una estrategia específica para la migración al software libre en el sector de la Salud Pública de la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba. En esta estrategia se proponen las acciones concretas, los programas docentes que permitirán la recalificación del capital humano y las acciones que posibiliten garantizar la sostenibilidad de la migración al concluir el proceso.

  18. 31 CFR 515.561 - Persons visiting close relatives in Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... Cuba. 515.561 Section 515.561 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... Cuba. (a) General license. (1) Persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and persons... close relative, as defined in § 515.339 of this part, who is a national of Cuba, as defined in § 515.302...

  19. 2002 GUIDELINES FOR ADVANCEMENT AND PROMOTION

    CERN Document Server

    Human Resources Division

    2002-01-01

    1. General Following the various Weekly Bulletin announcements concerning the new Merit Advancement and Promotion Scheme (MAPS), the Director-General has now fixed the guidelines and schedule for the 2002 annual advancement review as summarised below. The full details have been presented to the Management Board and to the Standing Concertation Committee. The guidelines correspond to the information given in the document 'An overview of the Merit Advancement and Promotion Scheme (MAPS) and implementation measures' dated 11 July 2001. The procedures will follow those given in the recently published Administrative Circular 26 (Rev. 3) except that the annual interview programme is extended to the completion date of 31 March 2002. As in previous years, decisions will be made, where possible, by 1 July 2002 except for career path changes for staff in Career Paths A to D which will be made by 31 October 2002 and applied retroactively to 1 July 2002. 2. Budget guidelines The budget allocation for the annual part of a...

  20. Algunas reflexiones más sobre la ética de la atención primaria de salud Some more reflections on the ethics of primary health care

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María del Carmen Amaro Cano

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available En el libro "Temas de Medicina General Integral", editado el pasado año 2001, concluía mi tema afirmando que existen otras muchas cuestiones que deberían ser tratadas, bajo el prisma de la ética, en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS y que serían abordadas próximamente en otra publicación dedicada a este nivel de atención. Alertaba, además, que existen problemas serios que pueden convertirse en verdaderos conflictos y engendrar dilemas de carácter ético. También expresaba el criterio de que las Comisiones de Ética Médica constituidas en las instituciones de la APS deberían ser conocidas por todos los trabajadores del área de salud, especialmente su estructura y funciones y las relaciones que pueden y deben desarrollar con el Médico y Enfermera de Familia de los consultorios. Al momento de preparar este artículo, pensé que no era posible dejar de referirme a un valor social que se ha constituido en principio ético universal, la justicia sanitaria, que en Cuba forma parte de la justicia social, la cual, junto con el ideal dignificatorio e independentista, constituye uno de los pilares de la Revolución. Por último, no es posible tratar ningún tema de la APS, sin referirnos a la investigación clínica, epidemiológica y social más importante del Sistema Nacional de Salud que se realiza en este nivel de atención, el Análisis de la Situación de Salud, ni tampoco dejar de considerar la importancia de la participación social y sus implicaciones éticas. El objetivo general de este trabajo es invitar a la reflexión a los profesionales y gerentes que se desempeñan en la APS, sobre estos aspectos que reclaman, tanto o más que ningún otro, no solo el saber y saber hacer, sino, muy especialmente el saber ser.In the book Topics of Comprehensive General Medicine published in 2001, I concluded by asserting that there were many questions that should be approached from the ethical point of view in Primary Health Care and that

  1. La globalización y el modelo de Medicina General Integral en Cuba: Retos y oportunidades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Félix Rodríguez Jústiz

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo, tomando como base sus conocimientos y la literatura disponible, se expone una sinopsis de la esencia de la práctica médica contemporánea en el hemisferio occidental y la situación de la salud en el mundo actual. Se ven ambas situaciones como el resultado de los avances del proceso de globalización en estos últimos años. Al relacionarlas con la situación sanitaria de Cuba, surgen importantes respuestas e interrogantes frente al fundamental desarrollo diferenciado del sistema de salud cubano basado en la práctica de la Medicina General Integral en la atención primaria de salud. En esta situación de retos y también de oportunidades, nuestro modelo de desarrollo sanitario puede servir de paradigma a muchos países y a las personas que en todo el mundo están buscando nuevas orientaciones para hacer frente a los efectos de la globalización; por eso los autores se plantean seguir el necesario perfeccionamiento de las políticas, programas y acciones que logren, a través de la máxima cohesión de nuestras fuerzas, los más altos niveles posibles de desarrollo humano fundamentado en los valores de la equidad, sustentabilidad y democracia; tal como nos lo imponen nuestras aspiraciones socialesIn this paper, taking as a basis their knowledge and the literature available, the authors make a synopsis of the essence of contemporary practical medicine in the western hemisphere and of the present situation of medicine in the world. Both problems are seen as the result of the advances of the process of globalization in the last years. On comparing them with the health status in Cuba, important questions and answers appear in the face of the fundamental differentiated development of the Cuban health system based on the practice of Comprehensive General Medicine at the primary health care level. In this situation of challenges and opportunities, our model of health development may serve as a paradigm for many countries and persons

  2. Factors Affecting the Recreational Fishery in Moses Lake, Washington, 2000-2001 Annual Report.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Burgess, Dave

    2003-02-04

    The Moses Lake Project (project No. 199502800) was first funded by Bonneville Power Administration during the FY 99. Work commenced and proceeded through September 2001 when questions arouse on the Scope of Work. Due to funding issues at the beginning of FY 2001 we were unable to secure monies to continue with our proposed scope of work. Consequently, the Moses Lake Project was reduced to one full-time employee. An extension of fifty thousand dollars was granted in which the project with one remaining member by October 2001 continued to operate. By December 2001 the NWPPC granted an additional 20K in spending to secure an advisor that could assist in providing a proposal that the ISRP would find amenable. By Jan 2002, the Moses Lake staff put Dr. David Bennett, from the University of Idaho on payroll. With the guidance of Dr. Bennett the Moses Lake project staff was successful in turning in a new version of the proposal and ultimately received funding by July of 2002. Consequently, the lack of manpower and time spent revising and resubmitting said proposal hampered progress. Consequently, this report covers work conducted on the original Scope of Work (SOW) to July 2002 and then follows the new and accepted SOW from July 2002 through September 2002. Work on the tasks within the newest proposal began prior to official acceptance so as not to loose the window of opportunity to collect data during the summer field season. As of July 2000 we moved forward and began the appropriate tasks outlined in our scope of work. Therefore, portions of the FY 2001 annual report address tasks outlined in the original (appendix 1, original FY2000 SOW) and newest scope(s) of work (Appendix 2, new FY 2000 SOW).

  3. Potential Transportation Impacts of Expanded U.S.-Cuba Trade, Final Report

    Science.gov (United States)

    2018-02-02

    Before 1960, the United States and Cuba were major trading partners. At that time, Cuba was the seventh largest export market for U.S. products. In the years since then, U.S. trade with Cuba has been highly regulated. Exports have been mostly prohibi...

  4. A democracia em Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio César Guanche Zaldívar

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available O triunfo revolucionário de 1959 consagrou em Cuba um novo conceito de democracia, com o intuito de garantir o acesso à vida política ativa de grandes setores da população, antes excluídos. Para isso, foi desenvolvida uma política de inclusão social com caráter universal. A prática política popular deixou as riquezas do país em mãos da população carente e gerou uma grande mobilidade social, fato que foi central para o aumento da participação popular. O contexto de agressão imperialista e o próprio desenvolvimento do processo produziram a consolidação de noções que limitaram a participação popular: o apogeu da burocracia, a compreensão da unidade como unanimidade e o seguimento, em certa medida, de correntes do marxismo soviético. Os desafios atuais para aprofundar a democracia em Cuba se apresentam em três planos: socializar o poder, promover a sociodiversidade e desenvolver a ideologia revolucionária.El triunfo revolucionario de 1959 consagró en Cuba un nuevo concepto de democracia, basado en garantizar acceso a la vida política activa a grandes sectores poblacionales, antes excluidos de ella. Para ello desarrolló una política de inclusión social con carácter universal. La práctica política popular puso las riquezas del país en manos de los desposeídos y generó gran movilidad social, hecho que resultó clave para el aumento de la participación popular. El contexto de agresión imperialista y el propio desarrollo del proceso produjo el afianzamiento de nociones que limitaron la participación popular: el auge de la burocracia, la comprensión de la unidad como unanimidad y el seguimiento, en parte, de corrientes del marxismo soviético. Los desafíos actuales se presentan en tres planos para profundizar la democracia en Cuba: socializar el poder, promover la sociodiversidad y desarrollar la ideología revolucionaria.The revolutionary triumph of 1959 established in Cuba a new concept of democracy, one that

  5. Producción científica cubana en Medicina y Salud Pública: Scopus 2003-2011

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Grisel Zacca-González

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la evolución del volumen y la visibilidad de la producción científica cubana en Salud Pública y en Medicina para determinar si siguen los mismos patrones de comunicación, y recomendar buenas prácticas de publicación. Se aplicaron indicadores bibliométricos de volumen, visibilidad y colaboración extraídos del portal SCImago Institutions Rankings a partir de datos de Scopus, para el área temática Medicine y la categoría Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, período 2003-2011. Cuba tiene una posición relativamente alta en los rankings de volumen de producción científica tanto en Medicina como en Salud Pública en los contextos internacionales y regionales, mientras que en impacto está entre los últimos países. La tendencia de la producción es al crecimiento, aunque en Salud Pública es más acelerado. El liderazgo es alto, pero la colaboración internacional está por debajo de lo esperado. La publicación en revistas de alto impacto (primer cuartil y los artículos en el 10% más citado (excelencia son escasos. Se concluye que el volumen y el impacto de la publicación no están acorde al potencial científico de salud cubana. Se recomienda incrementar la colaboración científica, la publicación de artículos en revistas de alto impacto, la preparación de los recursos humanos y seguir las recomendaciones internacionales sobre las buenas prácticas de edición y publicación científica.

  6. Perfil dos cães sororreagentes para aglutininas anti-Leptospira interrogans em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 2001/2002 Serological profile of seropositive dogs to anti-Leptospira interrogans agglutinins in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2001-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D.F. Magalhães

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available The serological profile of seropositive dogs according to anti-Leptospira agglutinins was checked in Belo Horizonte including variables such as race, sex, age and whether the dog had an owner or not. The dogs were captured by the Zoonosis Control Center in nine neighborhoods around the city and were separated in two categories - with owners or captured on the streets. The prevalence of anti-Leptospira agglutinins was evaluated in 3,417 blood samples using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT from September 2001 to September 2002. It was found that 13.1% of the dogs had seropositive results with the most reactive serovars being Canicola (7.0%, Ballum (6.1%, Pyrogenes (3.2% and Icterohaemorrhagiae (2.9%. The prevalence of other serovars was less than 1.0%. Greater prevalence was found in male, crossbred dogs, without owners. There were no significant results due to age in 95% (P=0.808 of the cases. According to the results, more research should be done in order to isolate and classify the serovars in positive dogs, especially Ballum and Pyrogenes, which will suggest their inclusion in the commercial vaccines against leptospira used in dogs in this city.

  7. National trends and outcomes of hospitalizations for pulmonary hypertension in Spain (2001-2014).

    Science.gov (United States)

    de-Miguel-Díez, Javier; López-de-Andrés, Ana; Hernandez-Barrera, Valentin; Jimenez-Trujillo, Isabel; de-Miguel-Yanes, Jose María; Mendez-Bailón, Manuel; Jimenez-Garcia, Rodrigo

    2018-04-07

    To assess changes in incidence, diagnostic procedures, comorbidity profiles, length of hospital stay (LOHS), costs, and in-hospital mortality (IHM) for patients hospitalized with pulmonary hypertension (PH). We included patients hospitalized with PH in Spain from 2001 to 2014. The data were collected from the National Hospital Discharge Database. We included 644,436 discharges (43.31% males and 56.09% females) admitted for primary PH (8.34%) or secondary PH (91.66%). The crude incidence rate increased from 58.67 to 148.32 hospitalizations per 100,000 inhabitants between 2001 and 2002 and 2013-2014 (p < 0.001). The percentage of patients with a Charlson comorbidity index ≥2 was 27.87% in 2001-2002, increasing to 47.02% in 2013-2014 (p < 0.001). IHM was 8.77%, with a reduction in the value yielded by the multivariable analysis between 2009 and 2010 and 2013-2014. Median LOHS was 9 ± 9 days in 2001-2002, which decreased to 7 ± 8 days in 2013-2014 (p < 0.001). The mean cost per patient increased from €3352.4 ± €1495 in the period 2001-2002 to €4198.94 ± €1287.96 in 2013-2014 (p < 0.001). Despite the increase over time in hospital admissions for PH, associated comorbidity, and costs, LOHS and IHM decreased, suggesting that the management of PH-related hospitalizations improved in Spain during the study period. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. Experiencias y desafíos actuales para el Programa Regulador de Equipos Médicos en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dulce María Martínez Pereira

    Full Text Available RESUMEN La actividad reguladora relacionada con los equipos médicos en Cuba se ejerce mediante un sistema basado en el Programa Regulador de Equipos Médicos para garantizar la seguridad, eficacia y efectividad de estas tecnologías que se utilizan en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Este programa comenzó a desarrollarse en 1992 con la aprobación del Reglamento para la Evaluación Estatal y el Registro de los Equipos Médicos. Las etapas por las que ha transitado y la fusión de las actividades reguladoras de medicamentos y equipos médicos han significado un avance a estrategias más sólidas, transparentes y de control hacia la industria y el Sistema Nacional de Salud. El programa cubano ha encontrado en su avance tanto desafíos como dificultades que ha enfrentado basado en su experiencia. En el nuevo período, los mayores retos se concentran en que los sistemas regulatorios incluyan la evaluación científica, los niveles de riesgos, el máximo rigor mediante la utilización de las normas técnicas y la implementación de recomendaciones internacionales, junto a la aplicación del esquema de certificación según ISO 13485, el perfeccionamiento del seguimiento en el mercado y la clasificación de los equipos médicos por su incidencia en el contexto de las políticas de salud establecidas en el país. Desde el punto de vista regional, el mayor reto está en trabajar hacia una convergencia reguladora. El Centro Colaborador para la Reglamentación de las Tecnologías de Salud apoyará la proyección estratégica reguladora y de las prioridades regionales establecidas, considerando el desarrollo de las acciones referidas a equipos médicos.

  9. Promoción de la salud y un entorno laboral saludable

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sara Barrios Casas

    Full Text Available En este estudio se exponen abordajes sobre un entorno laboral saludable, presentándose las principales líneas en esta temática. Es en este sentido que un entorno laboral saludable promueve una buena salud, que es un recurso primordial para el desarrollo social, económico y personal, así como una importante dimensión de los ambientes laborales. Es por esta razón que, para que exista un entorno laboral saludable, se debe promover la participación de todos los actores para controlar, mejorar y mantener la salud y el bienestar de los trabajadores y, así, propender a un ambiente laboral saludable, donde se mejore la calidad de vida de toda la población, ya que este es uno de los bienes más preciados por las personas, comunidades y países. Es en este ámbito que los profesionales de enfermería, a través de la promoción en salud, van a promover entornos laborales saludables, fomentando el desarrollo personal, familiar y social, apoyando de esta manera al cumplimiento de las metas definidas por empleadores y trabajadores.

  10. National Program of Quality Assurance in Radiotherapy in Cuba

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alonso Samper, J. L.; Dominguez Hung, L.; Morales Lopez, J. L.; Alfonso Laguardia, R.; Garcia Yip, F.

    2001-01-01

    It tries on the establishment of a Quality Assurance Nacional System, a Quality Assurance Committee implemented in Cuba, and a Quality Auditory National Program implemented in Cuba to control and assure radiotherapy quality

  11. Alimentación saludable y autopercepción de salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gemma Blázquez Abellán

    2016-10-01

    Conclusiones: En mayores de 50 años el nivel de salud autopercibida se asocia al cumplimiento de los criterios de una alimentación saludable, lo cual es independiente de otros hábitos de salud y de las principales variables sociodemográficas.

  12. A economia cubana no início do século XXI: avaliação do desempenho e debate sobre o futuro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mesa-Lago Carmelo

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available No início do século 21, a economia cubana parecia continuar em seu longo e lento processo de recuperação, depois da grave crise dos anos noventa. Mas vários fatores negativos surgiram em 2001 e na primeira metade de 2002, como os ataques terroristas de 11 de setembro de 2001; a recessão que começou em março de 2001 e se agravou em setembro; a queda dos preços mundiais do níquel; o furacão Michelle que atingiu a ilha no dia 4 de novembro; o fechamento da base russa de vigilância em Lurdes; a queda do investimento estrangeiro direto e a deterioriação da situação política na Venezuela em 2002. Baseado principalmente em estatísticas e informações de fontes cubanas, este artigo avalia o desempenho econômico e social de Cuba em 2000-2001 e na primeira metade de 2002; a situação neste período é contrastada com a de 1989 (anterior à crise e de 1993 (o pior ponto da crise.

  13. Environmental report 2001 - Verbund Austria Power Grid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2002-01-01

    A balance of the environmental activities performed by Verbund Austria Power Grid during 2001 is presented. It comprises which measures were taken to reach their environmental objectives: certification of an environmental management system according to ISO 14001 and EMAS, environmental protection, policies, water and thermoelectric power generation status ( CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x emission monitoring, energy efficiency, replacement of old equipment), reduction of the greenhouse gases emissions and nature conservation. The report is divided in 8 sections: power grid, environmental policy, environmental management, power grid layout, environmental status of the system, introduction of new technologies for environmental monitoring, environmental objectives 2001 - 2002, and data and facts 2001. (nevyjel)

  14. 31 CFR 515.337 - Prohibited officials of the Government of Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... Government of Cuba. 515.337 Section 515.337 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... REGULATIONS General Definitions § 515.337 Prohibited officials of the Government of Cuba. For purposes of this part, the term prohibited officials of the Government of Cuba means Ministers and Vice-ministers...

  15. International wind energy development. World market update 2001. Forecast 2002-2006

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2002-03-01

    In the year 2001, the wind power development took another major step forward. Installed capacity set a new record with the addition of 6,824 MW of new generating capacity. This is 2,329 MW more than the record set in year 2000. Growth in new capacity is up from 15% in year 2000 to 52% in 2001. This confirmed that the trend of wind energy being the preferred technology over other technologies for new generating capacity is continuing. Europe is the leading region for wind power. Of the new capacity added in 2001, 4,527 MW was installed in Europe. Germany once more shows this country's potential as the single most active market with the installation of 2,627 MW in new capacity, nearly 1,000 MW more than in the previous year. Germany consolidated its position as the world's leading developer of wind energy. The market in the US is once again the second largest wind energy market ahead of Spain. The expiration of the PTC at the end of the year 2001 gave some rush in the installation at the end of the year. The Danish market is on a deroute and lost pace completely in a changed political climate which means that the development of windpower is slowing down. Denmark has a very high penetration of windpower. On the supplier side Vestas Wind Systems A/S maintained its position as being the world's largest manufacturer of wind turbines. Vestas Wind Systems is now followed by Enercon GmbH. Without counting the US market figures Vestas Wind Systems A/S and Enercon has become the very closed in terms of sold MW. In the 3rd place is the Danish company NEG Micon A/S. Newcomers in the Top Ten list are Mitsubishi (JP) and REpower (GE). The most significant technological trend in the market is the continuing upscaling of machines. From year 2001 the average size of WTGs is 915 kW (in 2000: 800kW). In the very near future there will be erected wind turbines mainly dedicated for the upcoming offshore market of 4.5-5.0 MW. On Offshore there is only 10 MW installed during the year 2001

  16. Centre de Spectrometrie Nucleaire et de Spectrometrie de Masse - CSNSM/Centre for nuclear and mass spectroscopy, Activity Report 2001-2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-01-01

    The Centre for nuclear and mass spectroscopy (CSNSM) is a CNRS (National Centre for Scientific Research) laboratory affiliated with Paris-Sud University. The CSNSM is involved in pluri-disciplinary activities covering various scientific domains: Nuclear Structure (SNO), Nuclear Astrophysics (AN), Solid State Astrophysics (AS), Solid State Physics (PS) and Chemical Physics of Irradiation. This document presents the activity of the Centre during the 2001-2002 years: 1 - Foreword; 2 - Research topics: Nuclear structure; EFIX: study of exotic nuclei-induced fission; Nuclear Astrophysics; Accelerator-based mass spectroscopy; Solid State Astrophysics; Physics and Chemistry of Irradiation; Solid State Physics; SEMIRAMIS (ion source and ion beam handling); Digest science; 3 - Publications; 4 - Dissertations; 5 - Seminars; 6 - Technical services: Computer Department; Electronics Group; Mechanics Department; Permanent training; Health and safety; 7 - Staff

  17. Magnetismo 2001

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cardús, J. O.; Curto, J. J.; Sanclement, E.; Torta, J. M.

    This CD-ROM presents the digital version of the Boletin del Observatorio del Ebro Magnetismo. It contains data obtained in the Magnetic Station of the Ebre Observatory during the year 2001. The structure of the CD-ROM consists of one directory numbered with the year of the measurement. There, it could be found the bulletin as printable sheets (Year.pdf) generate with Adobe Acrobat and data files in plain ASCII text (Year.wdc) readable with any text editor. These data files were compiled according to the data exchange format recommended by the IAGA-2002.

  18. Environmental taxes and subsidies 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    2003-01-01

    The statistics presents statements of environmental taxes for the period 1970 - 2002 and statements of environmentally related subsidies for the years 1996 - 2002. Environmental taxes are a concept for pollution, energy, transportation, and resource related taxes. The State's revenue from environmental taxes have increased from 4,0 billions DKK in 1970 to 65,7 billions DKK in 2002. The environmental taxes' part of the GNP has increased from 3,2 % in 1970 to 4,8 % in 2002. The part of the environmental taxes of the total taxes and tariffs has increased from 8,2 % in 1970 to 9,8 % in 2002. >From 2001 to 2002 the environmental taxes increased with 5,6 %, primarily because the taxes in the transportation sector increased with 13,5 % due to more new cars. The pollution taxes increased with 6 % while the environmental taxes for energy increased with only 0,8 %. In 2002 the energy related taxes amounted to 54 %, the transport related taxes to 39 %, and pollution and resource related taxes amounted to 7 % of the total environmental taxes. The public environmentally related subsidies to companies and households has been on a stable level of a little more than 10 billions DKK through the latest years. The energy related subsidies have, however, been transferred to transport related subsidies, i.e. primarily subsidies to the public transport. (ln)

  19. Soil gas composition from the 2001-2002 fissure in the Lakki Plain (Nisyros Island, Greece): evidences for shallow hydrothermal fluid circulation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Venturi, Stefania; Tassi, Franco; Kanellopoulos, Christos; Vaselli, Orlando; Caponi, Chiara; Ricci, Andrea; Raspanti, Alessio; Gallorini, Andrea; Cabassi, Jacopo; Vougioukalakis, Georges

    2016-04-01

    Nisyros volcano (Aegean Sea, Greece) is currently classified in the "Very High Threat" category (Kinvig et al., 2010). Although the last volcanic activity, consisting of phreatic eruptions, occurred in the 19th century, Nisyros experienced an intense seismic activity during 1996-1998 accompanied by ground deformation and changes in the chemistry of fumarolic gases (Chiodini et al., 2002), pointing to a renewed unrest. Between November 2001 and December 2002, a NNE-oriented 600 m long fissure opened in the vegetated central part of the Lakki Plain. The fissure, 1-5 m wide and up to 15-20 m deep, showed neither vertical displacements nor gas release. No changes in the seismic and volcanic activity were observed during or after this event, which was interpreted as related to collapse of the upper caldera floor fine sediment cover (permeable sediment cover in the Lakki Plain conceals the underneath hydrothermal gas flow, preventing the typical surface manifestations (high temperature and CO2 flux), the chemistry of the interstitial gases reveals that deep-sourced fluids circulate within the deep permeable layers beneath the Lakki Plain enhancing alteration processes and formation of shallow collapsing structures. Chiodini G., Brombach T., Caliro S., Cardellini C., 2002. Geophys Res Lett, 29(16), 1759. Kinvig H.S., Winson A., Gottsmann J., 2010. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci, 10. Vougioukalakis G.E., Fytikas M., 2005. In Fytikas M., Vougioukalakis G.E. (Eds.), The South Aegean Active Volcanic Arc, Present Knowledge and Future Perspectives, Developments in Volcanology, Elsevier, Amsterdam The Netherlands, 2005, pp. 161-163.

  20. Cuba's 100-year plan for climate change

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stone, Richard

    2018-01-01

    On its deadly run through the Caribbean last September, Hurricane Irma lashed northern Cuba, inundating coastal settlements and scouring away vegetation. Irma lent new urgency to a Cuban national plan, called Tarea Vida, or Project Life, that bans construction of new homes in threatened coastal areas, mandates relocating people from communities doomed by rising sea levels, calls for an overhaul of the country's agricultural system to shift crop production away from saltwater-contaminated areas, and spells out the need to shore up coastal defenses, including by restoring degraded habitat. Project Life stands out for taking a long view: It intends to prepare Cuba for climatological impacts over the next century. Much of the initial funding could come from a $100 million proposal that Cuba plans to submit soon to the Global Climate Fund.

  1. Perspectivas para la lexicografía especializada en Cuba

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tarp, Sven

    1995-01-01

    En diskussion af muligheder for at udvikle et fagleksikografisk arbejde på Cuba og i det øvrige Latinamerika......En diskussion af muligheder for at udvikle et fagleksikografisk arbejde på Cuba og i det øvrige Latinamerika...

  2. Comunicar para la salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lic. Eva Bocco

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available Con este trabajo quiero plantearles una inquietud en torno al rol que nos cabe a los comunicadores en el área de la salud desde la perspectiva de la comunicación para la salud. ¿Se puede pensar la salud pública desvinculada de la comunicación? ¿La comunicación es posible sin la existencia de salud en la comunidad? ¿Qué puede hacer un comunicador en el ministerio de salud? ¿Puede un estado desarrollar políticas de salud sin la presencia de la comunicación?

  3. Turkey vulture surveys in Cuba

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wotzkow, C.; Wiley, J.W.

    1988-01-01

    Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura), were surveyed monthly in Cuba from March 1982-January 1983. A total of 25371 vultures were tallied in 7186 km (3.5 vultures/transect km) of roadside counting along main highways leading from the city of La Habana (northwestern Cuba) to the city of Las Tunas (southeast). Numbers of vultures counted declined substantially beyond 200 m from the transect road. Density of vultures observed within 200 m of the road along the transect route was 0.06/ha. Highest counts were obtained in March, April and June. Turkey Vulture flying activity was greatest during the periods 0900-1200 H and 1400-1700 H.

  4. Operating experience from Swedish nuclear power plants 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2003-07-01

    The total production of electricity from Swedish nuclear power plants was 65.6 TWh during 2002, which is a decrease compared to 2001. The energy capability factor for the 11 Swedish reactors averaged 80.8%. The PWRs at Ringhals averaged 87.6%, while the BWRs, not counting Oskarshamn 1, reached 89.2%. No events, which in accordance to conventions should be reported to IAEA, have occurred during 2002. Operational statistics are presented for each Swedish reactor. The hydroelectric power was 66 TWh, 16% lower than 2000. Wind power contributed 0.5 TWh, and remaining production sources, mainly from solid fuel plants combined with district heating, contributed 10.9 TWh. The electricity generation totalled 143 TWh, considerably less than the record high 2001 figure of 158.7 TWh. The preliminary figures for export were 14.8 TWh and and for import 20.1 TWh.

  5. DESIGUALDAD EN LA PREVALENCIA DE SEDENTARISMO DURANTE EL TIEMPO LIBRE EN POBLACIÓN ADULTA ESPAÑOLA SEGÚN SU NIVEL DE EDUCACIÓN. DIFERENCIAS ENTRE 2002 Y 2012

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clara Maestre-Miquel

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamentos: Las desigualdades sociales en salud son un fenómeno creciente a nivel mundial. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar en 2002 y 2012 tanto la magnitud de las desigualdades en sedentarismo en tiempo libre según el nivel de estudios en España como la evolución de la percepción de la salud en población físicamente inactiva. Métodos: Estudio transversal a partir de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud en España de 2002 (n=21.650 y 2012 (n=21.007. Datos de población adulta de 25 a 64 años. En la primera fase, la inactividad física en tiempo libre fue la variable dependiente y el nivel educativo la variable independiente. En la segunda, la auto-percepción de salud en los últimos doce meses fue la variable dependiente. Se realizó una regresión logística ajustando con edad, estado civil, situación laboral y clase social del cabeza de familia. Resultados: La prevalencia de inactividad física en tiempo libre en 2012 fue del 53,9% (hombres y 67,5% (mujeres en el grupo 25-44 años con estudios primarios. Descendió en todos los grupos de edad y sexo, en 2012 respecto a 2002 (hasta -18,7 puntos porcentuales. Hubo tres veces más mujeres inactivas entre las que tenían estudios primarios o menos: OR 3,27 (2,35-4,55 en 2012. La salud percibida entre mujeres con bajo nivel educativo fue peor respecto a las de estudios universitarios y empeoró con el tiempo: OR 1,45 en 2002 a OR 1,91 en 2012 (grupo de 45-64 años. Conclusiones: A pesar de que la prevalencia de inactividad física descendió en el período estudiado, la desigualdad social, según nivel educativo, en dicho comportamiento aumentó en 2012 respecto a 2002.

  6. Biothechnology conferences held in Cuba. Cuba no biotechnology gakkai ni sankashite

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Murata, M. (Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Tokyo, (Japan))

    1990-04-25

    Three biotechnology conferences including Cuba International Interferon Conference were held at Havana in April 1989, and the author participated in them. The number of participants was about 3,000. Most of them were from the Middle and the Central America, but there were also those from Europe, the USSR and the USA. The three conferences were composed of 16 symposiums and they covered a wide range of field such as medical science, agriculture and industry. High leveled reports were read in the conferences: on the application of interferons to medical treatments, curing effects of infections caused by herpes virus and B type hepatitis virus, anti-tumor effects, and anti-virus effects against AIDS virus; on the production of protein and vaccini by gene engineering, large quantity production of interleukin and epithelium cell multiplication genes. Especially impressing were the efforts the whole nation of Cuba makes to promote biotechnology and its modern facilities. 3 figs.

  7. Servicios de salud ocupacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Augusto V. Ramírez

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Los Servicios de Salud Ocupacional tienen por misión prevenir las enfermedades causadas o relacionadas con el trabajo desarrollando programas preventivo-promocionales de salud, cuya base son los exámenes ocupacionales. La vigilancia de salud con estos exámenes es la herramienta de mayor uso en prevención y control de las enfermedades laborales. Su manejo técnico por el médico ocupacionista permite reconocer daño a la salud del trabajador en las primeras etapas de una enfermedad ocupacional. Gestionar la salud en el trabajo mediante exámenes periódicos deviene en la acción esencial de los Servicios de Salud Ocupacional. Es responsabilidad de la Empresa conformar y mantener servicios de salud laboral dirigidos por un médico especializado en medicina del trabajo e integrados por un equipo que incluya enfermería ocupacional, higiene industrial, personal técnico y especialidades afines de salud.

  8. Uso de medicamentos durante el embarazo en diferentes áreas de salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Germán Vergel Rivera

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available Para describir los motivos de prescripción, los prescriptores y la exposición a medicamentos durante el embarazo se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo en 8 áreas de salud (5 de Ciudad de La Habana y 3 de Santiago de Cuba. Se incluyeron las gestantes captadas (347, del 1ro. de octubre al 31 de diciembre de 1995. El Médico de Familia recogió la información. Los motivos de prescripción más frecuentes fueron: suplementación vitamineral, anemia, profilaxis del tétanos y preeclampsia, cefalea, náuseas y/o vómitos, sepsis urinaria y vaginal con variaciones en frecuencia, según trimestre del embarazo. La exposición a 2 o menos medicamentos y a 4 principios activos fue lo más frecuente. El médico de atención primaria fue el principal prescriptor. Llama la atención, la posible exposición a elevadas concentraciones de vitamina A, en todas las áreas y el uso frecuente de ácido acetilsalicílico para la profilaxis de la preeclampsia en las áreas de Santiago de Cuba. Cualquier intervención, para mejorar la prescripción en la embarazada, debe ser dirigida al médico de atención primariaAn observational and descriptive study was conducted in 8 health areas (5 from Havana City and 3 from Santiago de Cuba in order to describe the reasons for prescribing drugs, the prescribers and the exposure to drugs during pregnancy. 347 pregnant women who were recruited from October lst, to December 31st, 1995, were included. The family physician was in charge of collecting the information. The commonest reasons for prescribing were: vitamin supplementation, anemia, tetanus and preeclampsia prophylaxis, headache, nauseas and/or vomits, and urinary and vaginal sepsis with varying frequency, according to the trimester of pregnancy. The exposure to 2 or less drugs and to 4 active principles was the most frequent. The possible exposure to elevated concentrations of vitamin A in all the areas and the usual administration of acetylsalicylic acid

  9. Kootenai River Focus Watershed Coordination, 2001-2002 Annual Report.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kruse, Gretchen (Kootenai River Network, Libby, MT)

    2002-07-01

    The 2001-2002 Kootenai River Network Annual Report reflects the organization's defined set of goals and objectives, and how by accomplishing these goals, we continue to meet the needs of communities and landowners throughout the Kootenai River Basin by protecting the resource. Our completed and ongoing projects throughout the watershed reflect the cooperation and support received and needed to accomplish the rehabilitation and restoration of critical habitat. They show that our mission of facilitation through collaboration with public and private interests can lead to improved resource management, the restoration of water quality and the preservation of pristine aquatic resources. Our vision to empower local citizens and groups from two states, one province, two countries and affected tribal nations to collaborate in natural resource management within the basin is largely successful due to the engagement of the basin's residents--the landowners, town government, local interest groups, businesses and agency representatives who live and work here. We are proof that forging these types of cooperative relationships, such as those exhibited by the Kootenai River subbasin planning process, leads to a sense of entitlement--that the quality of the river and its resources enriches our quality of life. Communication is essential in maintaining these relationships. Allowing ourselves to network and receive ideas and information, as well as to produce quality, accessible research data such as KRIS, shared with like organizations and individuals, is the hallmark of this facilitative organization. We are fortunate in the ability to contribute such information, and continue to strive to meet the standards and the needs of those who seek us out as a model for watershed rehabilitative planning and restoration. Sharing includes maintaining active, ongoing lines of communication with the public we serve--through our web site, quarterly newsletter, public presentations and

  10. TIARA annual report 2001

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saidoh, Masahiro; Ohara, Yoshihiro; Namba, Hideki

    2002-11-01

    This annual report describes research and development activities which have been performed with the JAERI TIARA (Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application) facilities from April 1, 2001 to March 31, 2002. Summary reports of 109 papers and brief descriptions on the status of TIARA in the period are contained. A list of publications, the type of research collaborations and organization of TIARA are also given as appendices. (author)

  11. Intelectualidad criolla y nación en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Miguel GARCÍA MORA

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: En este artículo se analizan las interacciones entre las posiciones intelectuales de los autonomistas cubanos y su idea de la nacionalidad, y la utilización que de la "raza" hicieron los científicos criollos. En una primera parte, se estudian los debates en torno a los pobladores "ideales" con los que constituir una nación moderna y "civilizada", que alejara de Cuba el fantasma de la "africanización". La segunda parte del trabajo se centra en el análisis de la publicación cultural más importante del momento, como fue la Revista de Cuba (1877-1884. Una publicación al servicio de una ciencia criolla, en la que se expuso el concepto de nacionalidad y el proyecto político de los autonomistas, compartido por la mayoría de los científicos cubanos. Palabras Clave: Cuba, ciencia criolla, autonomismo, intelectuales, nacionalidad. ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the interactions between the Cuban Autonomists, their intellectual positions and their ideas about "nationality", and the use of the concept of "race" made by the Criollo scientists. The first part studies debates on the "ideal" settlers for the forming of a modern and "civilized" nation, which would remove the spectre of "Africanization" from Cuba. The second part of this work is focused on the analysis of the most important cultural review of the time, the Revista de Cuba (1877-1884. It was in this publi- cation —which acted as the voice of Criollo science— that the concept of nationality and the political project of the Autonomists, which was shared by most of the Cuban scientists, was expressed. Key words: Cuba, Criollo Science, Autonomism, Intellectuals, Nationality.

  12. Learning together: a Canada-Cuba research collaboration to improve the sustainable management of environmental health risks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Spiegel, Jerry; Garcia, Maricel; Bonet, Mariano; Yassi, Annalee

    2006-01-01

    To build a national Cuban capacity for training environmental health professionals directly linked to the needs of policy-makers and communities. The University of Manitoba and University of British Columbia collaborated with an established training centre in Cuba (the Instituto Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiologia--INHEM) and new centres in the Central (Santa Clara) and Eastern (Santiago) regions of the country. Cuba. In the mid-1990s, a comprehensive curriculum (masters and diploma programs) was collaboratively developed, applying interactive teaching methods, and was delivered through a series of workshops and other interactions in Cuba, and short-term visits to Canada by Cuban PhD students. The collaboration was successful in fulfilling capacity-building targets (over 50 Masters graduates, 467 Diploma graduates, over 30 trained core faculty in all regional centres as well as new curriculum and new accredited regional programs). Alongside this, a number of collaborative community-based research projects were undertaken in all three regions (drinking water in Santiago; housing and urban renewal, and dengue control in Havana; and tourism-related effects, and effective intersectoral management of population health determinants in Santa Clara). The collaboration led to adopting new strategies for challenges such as a dengue epidemic in 2002, and new research on the effectiveness of intersectoral management of risks of particular interest to both Cuban and Canadian policy-makers. It triggered an ambitious collaboration between the Canadian-Cuban team and colleagues in Ecuador in order to build a similar national network there, built on South-South and North-South links.

  13. 75 FR 54594 - Effectiveness of Licensing Procedures for Agricultural Commodities to Cuba

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-09-08

    ...] Effectiveness of Licensing Procedures for Agricultural Commodities to Cuba AGENCY: Bureau of Industry and... Administration Regulations for the export of agricultural commodities to Cuba. BIS will include a description of...), to Cuba. Requirements and procedures associated with such authorization are set forth in section 740...

  14. Emociones y salud

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Castro, Jordi

    1994-01-01

    En este articulo se plantea la relación entre las emociones humanas y la salud. Se explica que las emociones no influyen en la salud a través de un unico mecanisrno, sino quepueden ejercer esta influencia de varias maneras distintas que, además, inciden en diferentes momentos delproceso de enfermar. De esta manera se muestra que: a) las emociones negativas constituyen un riesgo para la salud; b) los estados emocionales crònicos afectan a los hábitos de salud; c) los episodios emocionales agud...

  15. Cuba: Issues for the 111th Congress

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-03-25

    Comisión Cubana de Derechos Humanos y Reconciliacion Nacional, “Cuba a Inicios del 2010: Continúa empeorando la situación de derechos humanos,” January 19...market-based economy. The report also outlined a series of preparatory steps in the areas of government organization, electoral preparation, and...Policy During the electoral campaign, President Obama had pledged to lift restrictions on family travel to Cuba as well as restrictions on Cuban

  16. Atención primaria de salud, vía para enfrentar los efectos de la crisis económica en salud Primary health care a procedure to confront the effects of health recession

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Néstor Marimón Torres

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio analiza la actual crisis económica y financiera global y sus efectos negativos para los sistemas de salud. Profundiza en las afectaciones para Cuba y en la preparación del sistema nacional de salud, a partir de su concepción, sus principios, así como la preparación que tiene el país ante crisis anteriores, como lo constituyó el Período Especial. Se evidencia que la forma viable de mantener los niveles de salud de la población y mejorar sus indicadores de morbimortalidad, a pesar de las carencias económicas actuales y las futuras, en caso de empeorar la situación mundial, es la Atención Primaria de Salud, base del sistema cubano, el cual alcanza un importante desarrollo luego de 50 años de transformaciones y perfeccionamiento. Se exponen los principales resultados alcanzados y las medidas trazadas, enfocadas a su sostenibilidad en este nuevo escenario mundial, con la intención de que esta experiencia pueda servir de referencia a otros países, reforzar las capacidades nacionales y contribuir al perfeccionamiento de los sistemas de salud, como propuesta de enfrentamiento a esta grave situación mundial y lograr la salud de las poblaciones.Present paper analyzes the current global recession and financial crisis and its negative effects on the health system studying in depth the Cuban affectations and the preparation of health national system from its conception, its principles, as well as the preparation of our country in face of previous crises, by example, the Special Period. It is evidenced that the viable way to maintain the health levels of population and to improve its indicators of morbidity and mortality, despite the current and the future economic lacks if the world situation get worse, is the Primary Health Care which is the foundation of Cuban system achieving a significant development after 50 years of transformation and improvement. Authors expose the major results achieved and the outlines measures

  17. 77 FR 55183 - Effectiveness of Licensing Procedures for Agricultural Commodities to Cuba

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-09-07

    ...] Effectiveness of Licensing Procedures for Agricultural Commodities to Cuba AGENCY: Bureau of Industry and... Administration Regulations for the export of agricultural commodities to Cuba. BIS will include a description of...), to Cuba. Requirements and procedures associated with such authorization are set forth in Sec. 740.18...

  18. Lecciones aprendidas en desastres y la gestión del conocimiento en salud y desastres

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vivian María Céspedes Mora

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available Se revisan los últimos trabajos publicados sobre la conciencia que se tiene acerca de la producción y diseminación de las lecciones aprendidas en desastres para la gestión del conocimiento en materia de medicina y desastres. Se destaca la influencia de las lecciones aprendidas como elemento importante en la toma de decisiones ante el manejo de los desastres. Se expone la inquietud que para el Centro Latinoamericano de Medicina de Desastres constituye la necesidad de rescatar e incentivar la producción de las lecciones aprendidas por el personal de la salud en su enfrentamiento a catástrofes y en el desempeño de sus funciones en Cuba y en Latinoamérica.This paper reviewed the last papers published about the awareness of the production and dissemination of lessons learned on disasters for the knowledge management in terms of medicine and disaster. It underlined the effect of the lessons learned as an important element in the decision-taking on disaster management. It showed the concern of the Latin-American Center of Disaster Medicine about the need of rescuing and encouraging the production of the lessons learned by the health personnel in facing up to catastrophes and in performing its work in Cuba and Latin America

  19. Comercialización, prescripción y dispensación de medicamentos con nombres genéricos en Cuba: un enfoque regulador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Celeste Aurora Sánchez González

    2003-08-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una caracterización de los nombres de las especialidades farmacéuticas aprobadas en Cuba desde 1959 al 2001 y se evaluó el empleo de las Denominaciones Comunes Internacionales y genéricos como herramientas de apoyo a la prescripción y dispensación que favorecen su uso racional. Se definieron y se mostraron en el tiempo las disposiciones de la reglamentación farmacéutica nacional al respecto. Se concluyó el amplio uso de esta nomenclatura en los medicamentos producidos por la industria farmacéutica nacional y la activa regulación sanitaria en los últimos años, en concordancia con las recomendaciones de la OMS.A characterization of the names of the pharmaceutical specialties approved in Cuba from 1959 to 2001 was performed and the use of the International Nonproprietary Names as tools supporting drug prescription and dispensation and their rational use was evaluated . Provisions of the national pharmaceutical regulations about this subject were defined and shown in the course of time. It was concluded that in the last few years the use of this nomenclature in drugs manufactured by the Cuban Pharmaceutical Industry was extensive and that the implementation of sanitary regulation was very active in compliance with WHO recommendations.

  20. 31 CFR 515.415 - Travel to Cuba; transportation of certain Cuban nationals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Travel to Cuba; transportation of... CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 515.415 Travel to Cuba; transportation of certain Cuban nationals... or a returning resident of the United States, from Cuba to the United States, unless otherwise...

  1. Toxocariasis in Cuba: A Literature Review

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sariego, Idalia; Kanobana, Kirezi; Rojas, Lázara; Speybroeck, Niko; Polman, Katja; Núñez, Fidel A.

    2012-01-01

    Human toxocariasis (HT) is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of Toxocara canis, the intestinal roundworm of dogs. Infection can be associated with a wide clinical spectrum varying from asymptomatic to severe organ injury. While the incidence of symptomatic human toxocariasis appears to be low, infection of the human population is widespread. In Cuba, a clear overview on the status of the disease is lacking. Here, we review the available information on toxocariasis in Cuba as a first step to estimate the importance of the disease in the country. Findings are discussed and put in a broader perspective. Data gaps are identified and suggestions on how to address these are presented. The available country data suggest that Toxocara infection of the definitive dog host and environmental contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs is substantial, but information on HT is less conclusive. The availability of adequate diagnostic tools in the country should be guaranteed. Dedicated studies are needed for a reliable assessment of the impact of toxocariasis in Cuba and the design of prevention or control strategies. PMID:22389726

  2. La dispensarización: una vía para la evaluación del proceso salud-enfermedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Batista Moliner

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available El proceso de dispensarización constituye el centro de la labor a desarrollar por el Equipo Básico de la Atención Primaria de Salud en Cuba y a partir de él se despliega la estrategia de atención ambulatoria del individuo en la comunidad. La dispensarización en su desarrollo, ha sufrido un profundo perfeccionamiento a partir de las experiencias y avances de los servicios ambulatorios en nuestro país, y como resultado de la incorporación y cumplimiento por parte de nuestro sistema sanitario, de los principios y objetivos establecidos internacionalmente para alcanzar las metas planteadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. En este trabajo realiza una breve exposición de la evolución histórica de la dispensarización y se presentan algunos elementos conceptuales y metodológicos relacionados con este proceso; así como su alcance y contenido fundamental en la actualidad. De forma particular se abordan aspectos relacionados con la consulta de evaluación del estado de salud del paciente ambulatorio, se enuncian los elementos más generales que se vinculan con la dispensarización en situaciones especiales, y se esbozan aspectos relativos a la coordinación horizontal en la atención primaria.The process of patient classification is the object of the work carried out by the Basic Team of Primary Health Care in Cuba and the strategy of ambulatory care to the individual in the community is laid down starting from it. The patient classification has been largely improved based on the experiences and advances of the ambulatory services in our country and as a result of the introduction into our health system of the principles and objectives internationally established to attain the goals proposed by the World Health Organization and their fulfilment. A brief exposition of the historical evolution of patient classification is made and some conceptual and methodological elements related to this process as well as its current scope and

  3. Teste de Papanicolaou: cobertura em dois inquéritos domiciliários realizados no município de São Paulo em 1987 e em 2001-2002 Papanicolaou smear screening: coverage in two home surveys applied in the city of São Paulo in 1987 and 2001-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Ozawa

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: comparar a cobertura da citologia convencional de Papanicolaou em mulheres de 15 a 59 anos entre dois inquéritos domiciliários, relacionando a alguns atributos pessoais e à tendência da mortalidade por câncer de colo do útero. MÉTODOS: analisou-se os dados coletados por meio de dois inquéritos domiciliários, com amostragem complexa, realizados no município de São Paulo nos anos de 1987 e 2001 a 2002. Foram comparadas as respostas autorreferidas de 968 mulheres no primeiro inquérito e 1.125 mulheres no segundo inquérito, na resposta à pergunta sobre a realização "alguma vez na vida" do teste de Papanicolaou, relacionando com faixa etária, cor da pele, situação conjugal, escolaridade e tendência da mortalidade por câncer de colo no período de 1980 a 2007. Foi aplicado o teste exato de Fisher em cada uma das comparações entre as amostras, consideradas como devidas ao acaso as diferenças que ocorreram com probabilidade p>5%. RESULTADOS: do primeiro inquérito para o segundo houve aumento de 24% na realização da citologia convencional de Papanicolaou (de 68,8% para 85%. As maiores variações do aumento de cobertura relacionadas com atributos pessoais das mulheres foram encontradas nas de cor da pele preta, solteiras e de nível de escolaridade mais baixo. Quanto à tendência nas taxas de mortalidade por câncer de colo, não se observou nítida disposição de ascensão e nem de declínio ao longo dos 28 anos estudados (1980 a 2007. CONCLUSÃO: houve aumento no acesso ao exame citológico de Papanicolaou nas mulheres mais vulneráveis. Desde 2001 e 2002, a cobertura de 85% já atingia a recomendação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS, porém sem nítida tendência de declínio nas taxas de mortalidade por câncer de colo nos anos seguintes, indicando que o rastreamento é apenas parte de um programa efetivo e organizado para o controle do câncer do colo, cujo modelo deve garantir a integralidade da aten

  4. A promotora de salud model for addressing cardiovascular disease risk factors in the US-Mexico border region.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Balcázar, Héctor; Alvarado, Matilde; Cantu, Frank; Pedregon, Veronica; Fulwood, Robert

    2009-01-01

    In 2002, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute partnered with the Health Resources and Services Administration's (HRSA's) Bureau of Primary Health Care and Office of Rural Health Policy to address cardiovascular health in the US-Mexico border region. From 2003 through 2005, the 2 agencies agreed to conduct an intervention program using Salud para su Corazón with promotores de salud (community health workers) in high-risk Hispanic communities served by community health centers (CHCs) in the border region to reduce risk factors and improve health behaviors. Promotores de salud from each CHC delivered lessons from the curriculum Your Heart, Your Life. Four centers implemented a 1-group pretest-posttest study design. Educational sessions were delivered for 2 to 3 months. To test Salud para su Corazón-HRSA health objectives, the CHCs conducted the program and assessed behavioral and clinical outcomes at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the intervention. A 2-sample paired t test and analyses of variance were used to evaluate differences from baseline to postintervention. Changes in heart-healthy behaviors were observed, as they have been in previous Salud para su Corazón studies, lending credibility to the effectiveness of a promotores de salud program in a clinical setting. Positive changes were also observed in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, triglyceride level, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, weight, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results suggest that integrating promotores de salud into clinical practices is a promising strategy for culturally competent and effective service delivery. Promotores de salud build coalitions and partnerships in the community. The Salud para su Corazón-HRSA initiative was successful in helping to develop an infrastructure to support a promotores de salud workforce in the US-Mexico border region.

  5. El envejecimiento poblacional en Cuba.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosario Bernal Sánchez

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available En todo el mundo las poblaciones de los distintos países están envejeciendo, por tanto, la gente vive más tiempo y el número de personas adultas es cada vez mayor. Esto requiere de la toma de medidas con el fin de lograr mantener a estas personas vinculadas a la sociedad. Cuba teniendo en cuenta esta realidad se ha enfrascado en una serie de programas al respecto en lo cual Sancti Spíritus no se ha quedado detrás, llegando a cada rincón del país. Este trabajo presenta la investigación llevada a cabo de un estudio referativo sobre el envejecimiento poblacional en Cuba, cuyos objetivos son, profundizar en las diferentes aristas del tema así como valorar las dimensiones del mismo, para lo cual se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico y empírico. Entre los resultados obtenidos se encuentra diseño de un trabajo referativo que abarca doce dimensiones del envejecimiento poblacional en Cuba. La realización de este documento facilita el estudio del tema ya que permite profundizar en el contenido sobre Adulto Mayor visto como un sistema desde múltiples aristas.

  6. 31 CFR 515.548 - Services rendered by Cuba to United States aircraft.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Services rendered by Cuba to United... REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 515.548 Services rendered by Cuba to United States aircraft. Specific licenses are issued for payment to Cuba of charges for services...

  7. Visiting the Republic of Cuba: An Experience to Remember.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, Geraldine

    2015-01-01

    A few years ago, I was privileged to visit the Republic of Cuba as a summer vacation. Officially, this Spanish island is the largest island in the Caribbean, with more than 12 million people. It is only second as being most populous after Hispaniola with its people, culture and customs. Havana is the capital and Cuba's largest city. The United States lies to the immediate north only about 95 miles away, and the Bahamas and Mexico to the west, the Cayman Islands and Jamaica are on the southern end, and Haiti and the Dominion Republic are in the southeastern area. The history of this island is truly amazing. I was able to vist a hospital, and ride public transportation (bus). The trip was made at the time when Cuba was not open to travelers coming direct from the United States. I traveled to Montreal, Canada to board Cabana Arlines to Havana, Cuba.

  8. Género y salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matud Aznar, María Pilar

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Los estudios sobre género y salud muestran la complejidad de las diferencias en salud entre mujeres y hombres e indican la relevancia de los factores sociales, tanto en el surgimiento y desarrollo de tales diferencias como en la salud de todas las personas. Así, todo indica la necesidad de instaurar medidas que, además de eliminar la desigualdad de género, promuevan unas condiciones de vida más saludables para toda la población. Se analizan la relación existente entre sexo y género, género y salud mental, violencia de género, género y estrés, múltiples roles y salud.

  9. [Eugenic abortion could explain the lower infant mortality in Cuba compared to that in Chile].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Donoso S, Enrique; Carvajal C, Jorge A

    2012-08-01

    Cuba and Chile have the lower infant mortality rates of Latin America. Infant mortality rate in Cuba is similar to that of developed countries. Chilean infant mortality rate is slightly higher than that of Cuba. To investigate if the lower infant mortality rate in Cuba, compared to Chile, could be explained by eugenic abortion, considering that abortion is legal in Cuba but not in Chile. We compared total and congenital abnormalities related infant mortality in Cuba and Chile during 2008, based on vital statistics of both countries. In 2008, infant mortality rates in Chile were significantly higher than those of Cuba (7.8 vs. 4.7 per 1,000 live born respectively, odds ratio (OR) 1.67; 95% confidence intervals (Cl) 1.52-1.83). Congenital abnormalities accounted for 33.8 and 19.2% of infant deaths in Chile and Cuba, respectively. Discarding infant deaths related to congenital abnormalities, infant mortality rate continued to be higher in Chile than in Cuba (5.19 vs. 3.82 per 1000 live born respectively, OR 1.36; 95%CI 1.221.52). Considering that antenatal diagnosis is widely available in both countries, but abortion is legal in Cuba but not in Chile, we conclude that eugenic abortion may partially explain the lower infant mortality rate observed in Cuba compared to that observed in Chile.

  10. Propuesta de modelo de gestión del conocimiento para entornos virtuales de aprendizaje y su aplicación en el área de salud

    OpenAIRE

    Alfonso Sánchez, Ileana Regla

    2015-01-01

    La presente investigación evaluó teórica y metodológicamente el proceso de la gestión del conocimiento para entornos virtuales de aprendizaje en el Sistema Nacional de Salud de Cuba. Para ello, se examinaron los supuestos que caracterizan los procesos de la gestión del conocimiento en los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje en la comunidad científica internacional. La construcción epistemológica del objetivo de estudio se sustentó en el enfoque histórico-social, conformó su núcleo teórico bá...

  11. Belgium; Staff Report for the 2001 Article IV Consultation

    OpenAIRE

    International Monetary Fund

    2002-01-01

    This 2001 Article IV Consultation highlights that following four years of robust expansion, real GDP growth in Belgium slowed markedly in 2001, as higher oil prices, declining equity values, and the deteriorating external environment adversely affected business investment, household consumption, and exports. The outlook for 2002 depends critically on a recovery in the world economy and, especially, in Belgium’s key European trading partners. Growth for the year is projected by the IMF staff a...

  12. Tucannon River Spring Chinook Salmon Captive Broodstock Program, Annual Report 2001.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gallinat, Michael P.; Bumgarner, Joseph D.

    2002-05-01

    This report summarizes the objectives, tasks, and accomplishments of the Tucannon River spring chinook captive brood during 2001. The WDFW initiated a captive broodstock program in 1997. The overall goal of the Tucannon River captive broodstock program is for the short-term, and eventually long-term, rebuilding of the Tucannon River spring chinook salmon run, with the hope that natural production will sustain itself. The project goal is to rear captive salmon selected from the supplementation program to adults, spawn them, rear their progeny, and release approximately 150,000 smolts annually into the Tucannon River between 2003-2007. These smolt releases, in combination with the current hatchery supplementation program (132,000 smolts) and wild production, are expected to produce 600-700 returning adult spring chinook to the Tucannon River each year from 2005-2010. The captive broodstock program will collect fish from five (1997-2001) brood years (BY). The captive broodstock program was initiated with 1997 BY juveniles, and the 2001 BY fish have been selected. As of Jan 1, 2002, WDFW has 17 BY 1997, 159 BY 1998, 316 BY 1999, 448 BY 2000, and approximately 1,200 BY 2001 fish on hand at LFH. The 2001 eggtake from the 1997 brood year (Age 4) was 233,894 eggs from 125 ripe females. Egg survival was 69%. Mean fecundity based on the 105 fully spawned females was 1,990 eggs/female. The 2001 eggtake from the 1998 brood year (Age 3) was 47,409 eggs from 41 ripe females. Egg survival was 81%. Mean fecundity based on the 39 fully spawned females was 1,160 eggs/female. The total 2001 eggtake from the captive brood program was 281,303 eggs. As of May 1, 2002 we have 171,495 BY 2001 captive brood progeny on hand. A total of 20,592 excess fish were marked as parr (AD/CWT) and will be released during early May, 2002 into the Tucannon River (rkm 40-45). This will allow us to stay within our maximum allowed number (150,000) of smolts released. During April 2002, WDFW volitionally

  13. Salud mental y adicciones

    OpenAIRE

    Boccalari, Paola

    2013-01-01

    La recientemente reglamentada Ley Nacional de Salud Mental 26.657 plantea amplias reformas en el ámbito de la salud pública. Este escrito se detendrá en uno de los puntos de la ley referido al lugar de las adicciones en las políticas de salud mental. Reflexionará sobre las conexiones entre la salud mental y adicciones. Si bien desde la nueva ley las adicciones forman parte de las políticas de salud mental, la “Y” conectora entre ambas, a la vez que unifica ambos campos, también hace pensar en...

  14. Estudio del empleo de los pronombres clíticos en un corpus oral de La Habana (Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Milagros Aleza

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación tiene por objeto un estudio del uso de los pronombres átonos (clíticos en un corpus oral de La Habana (Cuba: El habla culta de la generación joven de La Habana. Materiales para su estudio (tomo 2 de la obra El habla culta de la generación joven de San Juan, La Habana y Santo Domingo. Materiales para su estudio, publicada en 2001. Dado que Cuba es uno de los países considerados distinguidores de caso, resulta especialmente interesante conocer qué verbos y qué estructuras pronominalizan en ambos casos o se inclinan por el uso del dativo en lugar del acusativo, con el fin de analizar las posibles opciones y determinar qué estructuras o tipos de verbo determinan y condicionan la elección del pronombre. Para ello, abordaremos el uso de los clíticos de tercera persona en verbos o construcciones transitivas y de caso reinterpretado, así como otros fenómenos interesantes como la inmovilización del pronombre le y la duplicación del complemento mediante clítico.

  15. Estado de salud bucal de 5 consultorios del municipio “Mella”, Santiago de Cuba, 2006 Oral health status at 5 family physician's offices of “Mella” municipality, Santiago de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanisette Mónica Calleja Martínez

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal sobre el estado de salud bucal en 5 consultorios del municipio “Mella” durante el período comprendido entre enero y abril del 2006, cuyo universo estuvo constituido por todos los habitantes de estos consultorios. Se seleccionó una muestra de 475 pacientes estratificados por grupos de edades. Para la recolección de información se utilizó la encuesta de salud bucodental de la Organización Mundial de la Salud modificada del 2003. Se realizó un examen físico extraoral e intraoral para determinar el estado de salud bucal de cada individuo. Predominó el sexo masculino con el 59,3 % y las enfermedades sistémicas que mayor incidencia presentaron fueron las respiratorias y la hipertensión arterial. Las maloclusiones mostraron un comportamiento similar en todos los grupos, con predominio de las formas ligeras. Se utilizó el índice periodontal de Russell para evaluar la prevalencia relativa de la enfermedad, y se obtuvo que el 9,5 % y 11,8 % presentaban gingivitis leves o severas, respectivamente. El índice de COP-D mostró un valor favorable hasta los 18 años, pero no ocurrió así en los grupos de 35-44 y de 60-74, donde el valor fue de 11,2 y 25,0, respectivamente.A descriptive and cross-sectional study on the oral health status at 5 family physicians' offices of “Mella” municipality was undertaken from January through April, 2006. The universe was composed of all the inhabitants of the area corresponding to these offices. A sample of 475 patients stratified by age groups was selected. To collect the information, it was used a modified buccodental health survey of the World Health Organization of 2003. An intraoral and extraoral physical examination was made to determine the oral health status of each individual. Males predominated with 59.3 % and the systemic diseases with the highest incidence were the respiratory diseases and arterial hypertension. The malocclusions showed a

  16. Validación del cuestionario de Salud Eduactiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Miguel García Ramírez

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: En el ámbito universitario el estrés y el burnout, acompañados de una falta de actividad física y de una dieta alimenticia adecuada actúan contra la salud y bienestar psicológico de su alumnado. Este estudio adapta y valida un cuestionario para evaluar y prevenir el deterioro de la salud y el bienestar psicológico subjetivo del alumnado de la Universidad de Granada, a partir del cuestionario istas21 (Moncada, Llorens, Navarro y Kristensen, 2005 y la escala de flow (Jackson y Eklund, 2002. También se adapta y propone un modelo de intervención a partir del Modelo Circumplejo de las Emociones (Russel, 1978 y el Modelo Bidimensional del Bienestar Subjetivo en el Trabajo (Bakker y Oerlemans, 2011 para reducir el estrés y el burnout en estudiantes. Validation of the Active Educational Health Questionnarie Abstract: In the university context, stress and burnout, accompanied by a lack of physical activity and a proper diet are detrimental to the health and psychological well-being of the students. This study adapts and validates a questionnaire to evaluate and prevent the deterioration of the health and subjective psychological well-being of the students of the University of Granada, using the istas21 questionnaire (Moncada, Llorens, Navarro and Kristensen, 2005 and the flow scale (Jackson and Eklund, 2002. It also adapts and proposes an intervention model based on the Circumplex Model of Emotions (Russell, 1978 and the Two-Dimensional Model of Work-Related Subjective Well-Being (Bakker and Oerlemans, 2011 to reduce stress and burnout in students.

  17. Estado de salud bucal en 5 consultorios del municipio Palma Soriano, Santiago de Cuba, 2006 Oral health state in 5 family physicians' offices in Palma Soriano municipality, Santiago de Cuba, 2006

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanisette Mónica Calleja Martínez

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal sobre el estado de salud bucal en los consultorios del municipio Palma Soriano durante el período comprendido entre enero-abril del 2006, cuyo universo estuvo constituido por todos los habitantes de estos consultorios. Se seleccionó una muestra de 475 personas, estratificadas por grupos de edades, con 25 de ellas en cada estrato. Se utilizó la encuesta de salud bucodental de la Organización Mundial de la Salud modificada del 2003. En la población estudiada predominó el sexo femenino. Las alteraciones de la articulación témporo-mandibular no constituyeron un problema de salud. Entre las afecciones más frecuentes figuraron las caries dentales con un COP-D favorable hasta los 18 años, que no se comportó así en los grupos de 35-44 y 60-74, donde el valor fue de 11,9 y 25,8, y las periodontopatías, con un total de 72 pacientes con alguno de los signos o síntomas de la enfermedad. Las alteraciones de la estética están presentes en 34 de los pacientes examinados, por lo que se hace necesario el tratamiento obligatorio u optativo.A descriptive cross-sectional study on the oral health state in the family physicians' offices of Palma Soriano municipality was conducted from January to April, 2006. The universe was composed of all the inhabitants receiving attention at these offices. A sample of 475 persons stratified by age groups was selected. 25 individuals were included in each stratum. The bucco-dental health survey of the World Health Organization, modified in 2003, was used. A prevalence of females was observed. The alterations of the temporomandibular articulation were not a health problem. Among the most frequent affections were the dental caries with a favorable DMFT index up to 18 years old, which was not so in the 35-44 and 60-74 age groups, where the values were 11.9 and 25.8, respectively, and the periodontopathies with a total of 72 patients with some of the signs or symptoms of

  18. 31 CFR 515.207 - Entry of vessels engaged in trade with Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... with Cuba. 515.207 Section 515.207 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 515.207 Entry of vessels engaged in trade with Cuba. Except as specifically... place in Cuba to engage in the trade of goods or the purchase or provision of services, may enter a U.S...

  19. Cuba in Transition: Communism vs Charisma "Who Will Emerge as Cuba's Next Leader"

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Colmenares, Antonio

    2001-01-01

    .... The beliefs of communism has shaped the hearts and minds of thousands of cubans. This paper provides a future perspective on Cuba's transition as well as identifies potential actors who will emerge as potential leaders once Fidel Castro is gone...

  20. Las familias saludables y los factores determinantes del estado de salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amado Rodríguez Calzadilla

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con 30 familias, escogidas al azar, de 3 áreas de salud. Cada familia se relacionó con los factores determinantes del estado de salud. Se utilizó como instrumento para la recogida de la información la historia de salud bucal familiar y su respectivo instructivo. Se seleccionaron los aspectos a estudiar y se determinaron valores cuantitativos para evaluar familias saludables, moderadamente saludables y no saludables. Se describe un método sencillo para identificar resultados comparables entre uno y otro diagnóstico cada año, o período de 2 años. Finalmente se presenta el ciclo de calidad de las familias saludables y las estrategias para lograrlo.A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 30 families selected at random from 3 health areas. Each family was related to the determinants of the health status. The family history of oral health and its respective instructions were used as a tool for gathering information. The aspects to be studied were chosen and the quantitative values were determined to evaluate healthy, moderately healthy and unhealthy families. A simple method to identify comparable results between one diagnosis and the other every year or for 2 years was described. Finally, the quality cycle of the healthy families and the strategies to attain it were presented.

  1. Fascioliasis: can Cuba conquer this emerging parasitosis?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rojas, Lázara; Vazquez, Antonio; Domenech, Ingrid; Robertson, Lucy J

    2010-01-01

    Fascioliasis, an emerging parasitic infection, impacts significantly on both veterinary and human health worldwide. Endemic foci are not limited only to areas of extensive livestock farming, but owing to the parasite's abilities to colonise new intermediate hosts and adapt to new environments, also occur in other places, including Cuba. In Cuba, despite a high prevalence of fascioliasis in livestock, and the widespread occurrence of two potential intermediate hosts, human infection has decreased steadily over the past 10 years. In other parts of the world, human fascioliasis is apparently becoming more frequent. Problems in counteracting the spread of fascioliasis, and approaches used in Cuba to limit zoonotic transmission are discussed, with emphasis on diagnostic and treatment problems, malacological initiatives, and the importance of an integrated control programme. Such programmes may be of benefit in other countries where the prevalence of human fascioliasis is increasing, and lessons may perhaps be learned from the Cuban approach. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Análise do custo de produção e lucratividade na cultura de pinha (Annona squamosa L. na região de Jales-SP, ano agrícola 2001-2002 Production costs and profitability analyze for the anona (Annona squamosa L. in Jales region, São Paulo State, 2001-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilberto José Batista Pelinson

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado na região de Jales-SP, com objetivo de analisar economicamente o cultivo da pinha. Para estimar a matriz de coeficientes técnicos, os custos de produção, os indicadores de lucratividade e os dados foram levantados com cinco produtores de pinha, no ano de 2001-2002. Apesar do custo superior do sistema de produção tecnificado quando comparado com o convencional na cultura da pinha, o sistema tecnificado apresentou-se mais rentável para os produtores rurais da região de Jales, com um lucro operacional por hectare de R$5.301,07 (US$2.031,06 e para o convencional de R$1.720,48 (US$659,19. Isto se deve principalmente por proporcionar benefícios, como antecipação da colheita para períodos de melhores preços, melhoria na qualidade e na quantidade dos frutos.This work was conduced in Jales region, São Paulo State, Brazil, intending to analyze economically the Anona (Annona squamosa L. crops cultivation. For the technical matrix coefficients, the production costs and the profitability indicators data were collected in 5 (five farmers which produced sugar apple in 2001/2002 harvest. Besides the cost of the intensive production system being higher than the conventional one, the intensive production system showed better profitability to the sugar apple farmers in Jales region with an operational profit per hectare of US$ 2,031.06 while the conventional was of US$ 659.19. The reason of this difference is related with the benefits such as harvest anticipation to a better prices period, increase in the fruits quantity and quality.

  3. Uso de los establecimientos de salud del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, 2009 - 2011

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Walter H Curioso

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Describir el uso de los servicios de salud y los factores asociados a este en los establecimientos de salud del Ministerio de Salud del Perú (MINSA. Materiales y método. Se realizó un estudio ecológico con información de los atendidos en los centros de salud a nivel nacional, durante años 2009 a 2011, empleando el sistema de información de salud HIS del MINSA. El uso de los servicios de salud fue definido por la proporción de atendidos y el total de la población. Esta variable se comparó por sexo, grupo de edad, zona geográfica y año calendario. Se realizó la prueba de chi cuadrado para comparar proporciones entre los diferentes estratos y regresión lineal para determinar los factores asociados. Resultados. Entre los años 2009-2011 hubo un incremento en el número de centros de salud y cobertura de seguros de salud, pero el uso de los servicios de salud disminuyó de 43,3% (2009 a 40,3% (2011. Se encontró un mayor uso por pobladores del sexo femenino, en el grupo de edades de 0 a 29 años y los residentes en la zona sur del país. En el análisis multivariado los factores asociados con uso de los sistemas de salud fueron zona geográfica y año calendario. Conclusiones. El uso de los servicios de salud no está asociada con el incremento en el número de centros de salud ni al acceso a los seguros de salud, sino a factores individuales o del sistema de salud que deben ser evaluados en estudios posteriores.

  4. Propuesta de modelo de gestión del conocimiento para entornos virtuales de aprendizaje y su aplicación en el área de la salud

    OpenAIRE

    Alfonso Sánchez, Ileana Regla

    2015-01-01

    La presente investigación evaluó teórica y metodológicamente el proceso de la gestión del conocimiento para entornos virtuales de aprendizaje en el Sistema Nacional de Salud de Cuba. Para ello, se examinaron los supuestos que caracterizan los procesos de la gestión del conocimiento en los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje en la comunidad científica internacional. La construcción epistemológica del objeto de estudio se sustentó en el enfoque histórico-social, conformó su núcleo teórico básico ...

  5. Gaz Metropolitain 2002 report : connecting with the future

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-01-01

    Gaz Metropolitain is the major natural gas distributor in Quebec. In 2002, the utility had its best year ever in terms of Partners' income of $154.6 million, representing a 9.5 per cent increase from 2001. Income from its core business, the distribution of natural gas in Quebec and Vermont, was $7.5 million higher than in 2001. This increase in income was due in part to better transportation and load balancing transactions. The main business effort in 2002 was on cogeneration plant projects developed with Boralex and Hydro Quebec. The projects, however, were not retained. This annual report presented consolidated financial and operating data for the distribution and transmission sectors of the company. It included information about Gaz Metropolitain's customers, the transmission and supply system, mission objectives, partnerships, corporate structure, and the year in review. The consolidated financial statements included income and cash flows, consolidated normalized volumes, and consolidated balance sheets. Revenue and expenditure statements were summarized by source. tabs., figs

  6. Oncology nursing in Cuba: report of the delegation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sheldon, Lisa Kennedy; Leonard, Kathleen; Gross, Anne; Hartnett, Erin; Poage, Ellen; Squires, Jennifer; Ullemeyer, Vicki; Schueller, Mary; Stary, Susan; Miller, Mary Alice

    2012-08-01

    In December 2011, the first delegation of oncology nurses from the United States visited Havana, Cuba. The delegation included oncology nurses, educators, and leaders from across America and provided opportunities to learn about the healthcare system, cancer, and oncology nursing in Cuba. Delegation members attended lectures, toured facilities, and enjoyed Cuban culture. This exchange highlighted the similarities in cancer care and oncology nursing between countries and opened doors for future collaborations.

  7. Estrategias para reducir la mortalidad infantil, Cuba 1959-1999

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl L. Riverón Corteguera

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available Se describen las estrategias utilizadas por el Ministerio de Salud Pública en las diferentes etapas del Programa de Atención Maternoinfantil, para reducir la mortalidad infantil en Cuba de 1959 a 1999. Este período se dividió para su comprensión en 4 decenios. Se hace referencia a las diferentes medidas utilizadas, desde la creación del Sistema Nacional de Salud, la formación de recursos humanos; el desarrollo de la Educación Médica, la edificación de Facultades de Ciencias Médicas y la capacitación del posgraduado, el incremento de hospitales y el aumento de las camas hasta los programas de inmunización, de lucha contra la gastroenteritis y para disminuir el bajo peso al nacer, el uso racional de los antimicrobianos; la presencia de la madre acompañante; la implantación del uso de las sales de rehidratación oral (SRO para prevenir y tratar la deshidratación por enfermedades diarreicas; el desarrollo de la Atención Primaria de Salud; los programas de tecnología avanzada para la detección de anomalías congénitas; la promoción de la lactancia materna exclusiva (LME; la categorización, por UNICEF, de los hospitales "Amigos de la Madres y el Niño", el desarrollo de investigaciones que sirvieron de base al Programa de Atención Maternoinfantil; la edificación de hospitales; la construcción de las unidades de terapia intensiva con equipamiento moderno tanto en pediatría como en neonatología y otros muchos elementos puestos en prácticas durante estos 40 años. Esto ha contribuido a que la mortalidad infantil, a pesar de haberse incrementado en el primer decenio (1959-1969 en el 25,5 %, a partir del 2do. decenio (1970-1979 iniciara un descenso mantenido en el 50 %; en el 3er. decenio (1980-1989 del 43,4 % y en el 4to. decenio (1990-1999 del 40,2 %. Se concluye exponiendo las principales estrategias que contribuyeron a reducir la mortalidad infantil en los últimos años de este siglo.The strategies used by the Ministry of

  8. Sociedad y Salud. Curso 2010-2011

    OpenAIRE

    Ruiz Callado, Raúl; Fabregat Cabrera, María Elena

    2011-01-01

    Sociología de la salud. Determinantes sociales de la salud y la enfermedad. Desigualdades sociales en salud. Las organizaciones como sistemas. Estilos de vida y conductas de salud. Impacto de sociedad de consumo, la ciencia y la tecnología en la salud. Métodos de investigación social aplicados al ámbito de la salud.

  9. MANAGEMENT BOARD MEETING OF 24 OCTOBER 2002

    CERN Multimedia

    2002-01-01

    Outcome of the Meeting of TREF on 23 October 2002 The Director of Administration, J. van der Boon, reported that at its meeting the previous day the Tripartite Employment Conditions Forum (TREF) had examined an information document on the adjustment of the scale of basic salaries for 2003 and a proposal for the 2003 adjustment of pensions. It had taken note that, in accordance with the revised formula adopted during the last five-yearly review, the calculated salary index applicable with effect from 1st January 2003 amounted to 1.2%, taking account of the Geneva cost-of-living movement for the twelve-month period beginning August 2001 and of the average movements of real net salaries of the Swiss Federal civil servants and the civil servants of nine other Member States from June 2001 to June 2002. Given that the majority of TREF members had been in favour of applying the calculated 1.2% salary adjustment index, a formal proposal to that effect would be submitted to the Finance Committee in November in the fra...

  10. Emigration of Natural and Hatchery Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Smolts from the Imnaha River, Oregon, Progress Report 2000-2002.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cleary, Peter; Kucera, Paul; Blenden, Michael

    2003-12-01

    This report summarizes the emigration studies of the Nez Perce Tribe in the Imnaha River subbasin during the 2001 and 2002 migration years. A migration year for the Imnaha River is defined here as beginning July 31 of the previous year and ending July 30 the following year. The conclusion of the studies at the end of migration year 2002 marked the 11th year of the Nez Perce Tribe's Lower Snake River Emigration Studies. The Nez Perce Tribe has participated in the Fish Passage Center's Smolt Monitoring Program for nine of the 11 years. These studies collect and tag juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead at two locations in the fall, rkm 74 and rkm 7, and at rkm 7 during the spring. Data from captured and tagged fish provide an evaluation of hatchery production and releases strategies, post release survival of hatchery chinook salmon, abundance of natural chinook salmon, and downstream survival and arrival timing of natural and hatchery chinook salmon and steelhead. The hydrologic conditions that migrating fish encountered in 2001 were characterized as a drought and conditions in 2002 were characterized as below average. Hatchery chinook salmon had a mean fork length that was 34 mm greater in 2001 and 35 mm greater in 2002 than the mean fork length of natural chinook smolts. Hatchery steelhead smolt mean fork lengths were 39 mm greater than natural steelhead smolts in 2001 and 44 mm greater than natural steelhead smolt fork lengths in 2002. A significant difference (p < 0.05) between hatchery and natural chinook salmon and steelhead fork lengths has been documented by these emigration studies from 1997 to 2002. Hatchery chinook salmon were volitionally released in 2001 and 2002 and the 90% arrivals for 2001 and 2002 at the lower rkm 7 trap were within the range of past observations of 22 to 38 days observed in 1999 and 2000. We estimated that 93.9% of the 123,014 hatchery chinook salmon released in 2001 survived to the lower trap and 90.2% of the 303

  11. Cuba's Strategy for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Syndromes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bosch-Bayard, Rodolfo I; Llibre-Rodríguez, Juan J; Fernández-Seco, Alberto; Borrego-Calzadilla, Carmen; Carrasco-García, Mayra R; Zayas-Llerena, Tania; Moreno-Carbonell, Carmen R; Reymond-Vasconcelos, Ana G

    2016-10-01

    Dementia is a great challenge to public health in Cuba due to its impact on society and families. Cuba's National Intervention Strategy for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Syndromes is designed to address this challenge. The Strategy includes working guidelines for primary and secondary care, education about rights of people with cognitive impairment, professional development, research, and health promotion and dementia prevention. An associated action plan, focused on primary care, includes proposals for creation of memory clinics, day centers and comprehensive rehabilitation services for cognitive stimulation. Short-term measures proposed include increasing early detection; creating a dementia morbidity and mortality registry; promoting professional training; providing support for families; and promoting basic and clinical research on dementia. Medium-term proposals aim to reduce dementia incidence and mortality by controlling risk factors and promoting healthy lifestyles, offering new treatment options and optimizing early detection. A set of indicators has been developed to evaluate strategy implementation. With this strategy, Cuba joins the small number of developing countries that have responded to WHO's call to improve care for patients with dementia and alleviate its impact on society and families. KEYWORDS Dementia, Alzheimer disease, aging, national health programs, social stigma, primary prevention, health promotion, civil rights, Cuba.

  12. Courting the future: cancer and genetics in Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-01-01

    Describing this double issue of MEDICC Review could be an exercise for a first-year philosophy course in logic. It's not about "cancer and genetics" in Cuba. It's about cancer in Cuba and about genetics in Cuba, not about exploring relationships between them. Nevertheless, while the marriage of the two themes was fortuitous, in that the two had long been scheduled for the journal in 2014, there is a certain felicity to their sharing an issue. To date, the outstanding accomplishments of genetics have been most helpful for conditions occurring at the beginning of life and cancer is largely (though not exclusively) a disease related to aging. But the two are intrinsically connected: Although only a few of the more than 100 different diseases grouped under the term cancer are known to be hereditary, every cancer begins with a mutation in one or more genes, whether the mutation is inherited, due to an exposure, or is simply a random error in the millions of cell divisions that are part and parcel of cellular reproduction. Our cover image, a stained-glass window by Cuban artist Rosa María de la Terga at Cuba's National Medical Genetics Center, illustrates the elegance of the DNA molecule, the intricate key to life.

  13. La salud móvil y los sistemas de salud: Determinantes del progreso en la salud global

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio Frenk

    Full Text Available Por lo general, cuando se habla sobre tecnologías de la información suele hablarse sobre la tecnología en sí y su contenido. En este artículo quisiera enfocarme en las tecnologías móviles para la salud (salud móvil, pero no tanto en su contenido de la salud móvil sino en su contexto, representado por los sistemas de salud en donde estas tecnologías se despliegan. El mensaje central es que para poder capitalizar todo el potencial de la revolución de las comunicaciones móviles es necesario innovar no solo en el terreno de las tecnologías mismas sino también en el de las instituciones que permiten que estas tecnologías lleguen a sus posibles beneficiarios

  14. Medio Ambiente y Salud: perspectivas desde la gestión de salud pública

    OpenAIRE

    José María Martín Moreno

    2002-01-01

    El impacto que sobre la salud tiene el medio ambiente constituye un área de interés primordial en el ámbito de la Salud Pública. Las competencias del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo en materia de Salud Ambiental están operativamente delimitadas en el marco de las actuaciones de la Dirección General de Salud Pública (DGSP). En este artículo se examinan de forma sintética algunos de los principales riesgos ambientales y su efecto en la salud, haciendo referencia al papel de la DGSP en esos tema...

  15. Sulphur in liquid fuels 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guthrie, J. [Environment Canada, Gatineau, PQ (Canada). Fuels Div., Oil, Gas and Energy Branch ; Sabourin, R. [Carleton Univ., Ottawa, ON (Canada)

    2003-08-01

    Environment Canada has developed new regulations for sulphur content in fuels in an effort to align with requirements recently passed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This report summarizes data regarding sulphur content in liquid fuels for the year 2002. The requirements of the Sulphur in Gasoline Regulation came into effect in 2002, limiting the average sulphur content of gasoline to 150 mg/kg. In January 2005, a 30 mg/kg average limit will come into effect. Also, in July 2002, the Sulphur in Diesel Fuel Regulation stipulated a maximum limit of 500 mg/kg for on-road diesel fuel. The new regulation continues this limit until mid-2006 at which time a 15 mg/kg limit will come into effect for on-road diesel fuel. Nationally, the average sulphur content in gasoline in 2002 was 246 mg/kg, which was 14.3 per cent lower than in 2001. The data covers the period from January 1 to December 31, 2002 and was obtained from petroleum refineries and importing companies that are required to submit quarterly information to the regional office of Environment Canada. Failure to comply results in penalties. The report includes data for aviation turbo fuel, motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, kerosene oil, low-sulphur diesel fuel, diesel fuel, light fuel oil, and heavy fuel oil. 16 tabs., 17 figs., 7 appendices.

  16. El ingreso en el hogar y su costo directo en Cuba The direct costs of home care in Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabel M. Barroso Utra

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Analizar el tiempo de estadía en ingreso en el hogar (IH y su costo diario y por paciente en Cuba, según el diagnóstico al ingreso y la zona donde se brinda el servicio. MÉTODOS: Se analizó la información de los 837 pacientes en IH entre julio de 2001 y junio de 2002 en un área del municipio Playa, en Ciudad de La Habana (zona urbana metropolitana, una del municipio Cruces, en Cienfuegos (zona urbana no metropolitana, otra del Municipio Unión de Reyes, en Matanzas (zona rural y una de Fomento, en Sancti Spiritus (zona rural montañosa. Se analizó la mediana del tiempo del IH mediante curvas de supervivencia Kaplan Meier y se evaluó el efecto del diagnóstico al ingreso (afecciones respiratorias, gastrointestinales, ginecobstétricas, egreso hospitalario precoz y otras causas, la zona del IH, el sexo y la edad, sobre la posibilidad de egresar del IH. Para cada municipio se calculó el costo directo del servicio, el costo por paciente y el costo por día de estadía. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para identificar el efecto que sobre el costo por paciente tienen el tiempo de estadía, el diagnóstico al ingreso y el área donde se presta el servicio de IH. RESULTADOS: La causa más frecuente de IH en los municipios estudiados fueron las afecciones respiratorias (31,4%, seguidas del egreso hospitalario precoz (15,5%, las afecciones ginecobstétricas (10,8% y los trastornos gastrointestinales (8,1%. La mediana del tiempo de estadía fue de 6 días (IC95%: 5,75 a 6,25. En Fomento los pacientes tuvieron 66% menos probabilidad de egresar que en Cruces y 30% menos que en Playa y Unión de Reyes. El costo directo del IH en los municipios estudiados medido en pesos cubanos ($ varió entre $3 983,54 y $9 624,87. El costo por día de estadía fue de $2,57 a $6,88, mientras el costo por paciente fue de $23,04 a $42,78. El tiempo de estadía tuvo un efecto intrínseco sobre el costo por paciente (P OBJECTIVE: To

  17. Risk factors for cancer of the oral cavity and oro-pharynx in Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Garrote, L F; Herrero, R; Reyes, R M; Vaccarella, S; Anta, J L; Ferbeye, L; Muñoz, N; Franceschi, S

    2001-07-06

    In terms of worldwide levels, Cuba has an intermediate incidence of cancer of the oral cavity and oro-pharynx. We studied 200 cases of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, of whom 57 women (median age = 64) and 200 hospital controls, frequency matched with cases by age and sex, in relation to smoking and drinking history, intake of 25 foods or food groups, indicators of oral hygiene and sexual activity, and history of sexually transmitted diseases. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from unconditional multiple logistic regressions and adjusted for age, sex, area of residence, education, and smoking and drinking habits. In the multivariate model, high educational level and white-collar occupation, but not white race, were associated with halving of oral cancer risk. Smoking > or =30 cigarettes per day showed an OR of 20.8 (95% CI: 8.9-48.3), similar to smoking > or =4 cigars daily (OR = 20.5). Drinking > or = 70 alcoholic drinks per week showed an OR of 5.7 (95% CI: 1.8-18.5). Hard liquors were by far the largest source of alcohol. Increased risk was associated with the highest tertile of intake for maize (OR = 1.9), meat (OR = 2.2) and ham and salami (OR = 2.0), whereas high fruit intake was associated with significantly decreased risk (OR = 0.4). Among indicators of dental care, number of missing teeth and poor general oral condition at oral inspection showed ORs of 2.7 and 2.6, respectively. Number of sexual partners, marriages or contacts with prostitutes, practice of oral sex and history of various sexually transmitted diseases, including genital warts, were not associated with oral cancer risk. 82% of oral cancer cases in Cuba were attributable to tobacco smoking, 19% to smoking cigars or pipe only. The fractions attributable to alcohol drinking (7%) and low fruit intake (11%) were more modest. Thus, decreases in cigarette and cigar smoking are at present the key to oral cancer prevention in Cuba. Copyright 2001 Cancer Research

  18. A Review of the Large-and-Medium Bus Market in 2001 and A Forecast in 2002

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    2002-01-01

    <正> 1. A Review of the Large-and-Medium Bus Market in 2001 1.1 The Overall Auto Production and Sales Situation in 2001 The auto production and sales in 2001 maintained a momentum of double-digits growth in consecutive three years and the pace will further increase in the future. In 2001, 103 automakers (including complete vehicles and chassis enterprises, not including retrofit vehicle enterprises) produced 2,334,440 vehicles, an increase of 12.81% over 2000, sold 2,363,665 units, 13.29 % up over 2000.

  19. Comunicación y educación interactiva en salud y su aplicación al control del paciente diabético Health communication and interactive education and their application to control of the diabetic patient

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosario García González

    1997-07-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se analiza la necesidad de participación de los grupos destinatarios para hacer más efectiva la educación en salud. Partiendo del enfoque tradicional de la educación, se profundiza en las distintas opciones de los procesos de comunicación y educación en este campo. En el modelo de comunicación participatoria, donde se desempeña la doble función de emisor y receptor, se llega a la coproducción de los mensajes de educación en salud. En vista de la experiencia del Programa de Educación en Diabetes del Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología de Cuba, se presenta un modelo de educación en salud basado en una estrategia de comunicación interactiva. Su objetivo es desarrollar en el sujeto la capacidad para pensar y decidir acerca de su salud partiendo de la discusión en grupos, facilitada por el proveedor de salud. En este modelo, el propósito y el contenido educativo los formulan los mismos beneficiarios. El punto de partida de la discusión se centra en el sujeto, tomando en cuenta sus necesidades de salud reales y sentidas. Se revisan los resultados obtenidos con esta metodología y se concluye que el modelo abre nuevas posibilidades educativas que facilitan la toma de decisiones en materia de salud y estilos de vida saludables.This article analyzes the need for participation of the groups that are the recipients of health messages in order to make health education more effective. Taking the traditional educational approach as the point of departure, the different options for communication and education processes in this field are explored in depth. The participatory communication model, in which the subject plays the role of both transmitter and recipient, leads to the coproduction of health education messages. In light of the experience of the Diabetes Education Program of the National Endocrinology Institute of Cuba, a health education model based on a strategy of interactive communication is presented. Its

  20. Disfunción familiar en gestantes adolescentes de un área de salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iliana de la Caridad Calderón Morales

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal, de las 58 gestantes menores de 20 años, pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico Universitario "Josué País García" de Santiago de Cuba, de enero a diciembre del 2013, con vistas a determinar la relación entre la disfunción familiar y la presentación del embarazo en ellas, para lo cual se aplicó el instrumento de evaluación Faces III. Al efectuar el análisis estadístico se evidenció un predominio del grupo etario de 15-18 años, de la vinculación a los diferentes niveles de enseñanza en correspondencia con la edad, así como de la disfuncionalidad familiar y el tipo de familia extensa; estos 2 últimos resultados constituyeron factores predisponentes en el desarrollo de conductas de riesgo, como el embarazo precoz

  1. Dossier of the observatory workshops of April 10, 2002; Dossier des ateliers de l'Observatoire du 10 avril 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2002-04-01

    The workshops organized by the French observatory of indoor air quality on April 10, 2002 aimed at making a status of the lessons learnt from the pilot study carried out during 2001 by the observatory on 90 residential buildings and 9 schools. This document summarizes the preliminary results obtained during this study and presents the 2002-2003 operational campaign of investigation which will be carried out on 800 sites (accommodations and schools). The pilot study has permitted to perform a first adjustment of the measurement means and has demonstrated the feasibility of the future large-scale campaign. (J.S.)

  2. Nuclear cardiology in Cuba present and perspectives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peix González, Amalia

    2016-01-01

    Heart Diseases represent the first cause of death worldwide (WHO, 2011); 80% of these deaths in developing countries (WHO, 2011); Coronary Heart Disease is responsible of 69% of all cardiovascular deaths. In Cuba, National programs have been developed to control the most important associated coronary risk factors; Research projects have been also carried out as part of the Ministry of Public Health’s program on non-transmissible chronic diseases; Strengthening of Nuclear Cardiology in Cuba, as well as its adequate integration in a diagnosis algorithm, focusing on improving the quality of medical care, in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine. Recommendations: Extend Nuclear Cardiology throughout the country; Conduct cost-effectiveness studies comparing different imaging techniques in cardiology; Develop coronary flow and metabolic studies with PET; Introducing studying adrenergic innervation; Develop hybrid imaging in cardiology; Set up committees of experts to analyze the value of different imaging techniques in cardiology in accordance with the possibilities and resources of Cuba, aimed at the implementation of a medicine individualized for patients. (author)

  3. Status report of seabird surveys at Horns Rev, 2000-2001

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kjaer Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; Krag Petersen, I.

    2002-01-01

    The present report presents the results of three bird surveys conducted in the Horns Rev area during the second half of 2001. Due to poor weather conditions in December 2001, the last survey was, however, performed on 7 January 2002. The surveys are part of the base-line investigations of birds performed in relation to the proposed construction of an offshore wind farm at Horns Rev in the Danish part of the North Sea ca 14 km southwest of Blaevandshuk. The results of the surveys during August 2001 - January 2002 are presented together with the results obtained during the period August 2000 - April 2001, and are also compared to results obtained during the period August 1999 - April 2000. Based on the distribution of the most abundant bird species recorded during 16 aerial surveys performed during August 1999 - January 2002, there were no indications that the wind farm area was of any particular importance to the birds' exploitation of the Horns Rev area. Fish-eating species like divers, gannet, terns, auks and gulls generally showed scattered and variable distributions, mainly occurring in the areas north and south of Horns Rev, and with low numbers on the reef proper and within the planned wind farm area. The distribution of benthic foraging species, eider and common Scoter, showed that they mainly exploited the coastal parts of the area off Blaevandshuk and Skallingen, although common scoter was found in relatively high numbers on the southeast slopes of the Horns Rev and within the wind farm area in the April 2001 survey. Common scoters occurred in very high numbers in January 2002. This was probably related to increased immigration of birds from the inner Danish waters during a cold period in late December 2001. Preference analyses of bird exploitation of the Horns Rev area showed that if the birds completely avoid the wind farm area after erection of the wind turbines, this will affect less than 1% of the various species, except divers where 1.58% will be

  4. Seroprevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in various populations in Cuba Seroprevalencia del herpesvirus asociado con el sarcoma de Kaposi en diversas poblaciones en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vivian Kourí

    2004-05-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the prevalence and distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV infection in the Caribbean. The aim of this study was to determine rates of KSHV seropositivity in various populations in Cuba. METHODS: During the years 1998 to 2002 we screened serum samples from 410 subjects in Cuba. Serologic screening for KSHV antibodies was a two-step process using (1 indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA specifically reactive to the KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA encoded by open reading frame 73 (ORF73, and (2 confirmatory immunoblot using recombinant KSHV ORF65.2, a lytically expressed, 20-kilodalton protein as the target antigen. Five different populations were studied: (1 45 AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS, (2 154 HIV-1-infected patients without clinical evidence of KS, (3 171 HIV-negative blood donors, (4 27 consecutive kidney transplant recipients, who were HIV-negative, and (5 13 contacts (sexual contacts or relatives of the AIDS-KS-affected patients. RESULTS: Among the 45 AIDS-KS subjects, 35 of them (77.8% were KSHV-seropositive. Thirty-two of the 154 HIV-positive patients without KS (20.8% of them were KSHV-seropositive, and 6 of the 13 contacts of KS-affected patients (46.2% of them were infected with KSHV. In contrast to other researchers, we did not find in the populations that we studied in Cuba that KSHV seropositivity was associated with male homosexual or bisexual activity. We found high KSHV seropositivity rates among women reporting sexual contact with bisexual men and among men who had acquired an HIV infection in Africa. There were low rates of KSHV infection among the blood donors (1.2% and the renal transplant recipients (0.0%. The low rates of KSHV infection that we found among the non-HIV-infected populations in Cuba are similar to patterns found in populations in Europe and in the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Together with similar results from Brazil

  5. ÉTUDE DE CAS — Cuba : L'innovation agricole à Cuba | CRDI ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    5 janv. 2011 ... La recherche de solutions de rechange viables. ... Ces observations résument bien une nouvelle approche et une nouvelle attitude à l'égard de la recherche agricole à Cuba, .... principal au CRDI, et Bob Stanley, rédacteur scientifique. ... voir le site de l'Institut international des ressources phytogénétiques ...

  6. 31 CFR 515.553 - Bank accounts of official representatives in Cuba of foreign governments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... representatives in Cuba of foreign governments. 515.553 Section 515.553 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... Bank accounts of official representatives in Cuba of foreign governments. Specific licenses are issued authorizing payments from accounts of official representatives in Cuba of foreign governments for transactions...

  7. Application of BET_EF at Mount Etna: a retrospective analysis (years 2001-2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacopo Selva

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Advances in volcano monitoring and forecasting need a multidisciplinary collaborative framework. In light of this, a Bayesian Event Tree (BET approach was performed by the application of the BET for Eruption Forecasting (BET_EF code to analyze the space-time distribution of the volcanic activity of Mount Etna from 2001-2005. First, a reliable monitoring dataset was set up after some sessions to elicit geophysical, volcanological and geochemical ‘precursor’ parameters. A constant unrest probability of 100%, with a magma involvement usually greater than 95%, was computed throughout the time period analyzed. Eruption probabilities higher than 90% were estimated a few days before the onsets of the 2001 and 2002-2003 flank eruptions. Values slightly higher than 75% were observed during the lava fountaining period in June-July 2001. However, the probabilities flattened to around 30% for the 2004-2005 flank eruption. With suitable data, a good depiction of the actual location of the eruptive scenario for the 2001 and 2002-2003 events was provided. Conversely, the size of the eruptions was not indicated.

  8. Tratamiento de la leucemia mieloide aguda del niño en Cuba Treatment of children acute myeloid leukemia in Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Menéndez Veitía

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: la leucemia mieloide aguda representa alrededor del 20 % de las leucemias agudas de la niñez con una respuesta al tratamiento y supervivencia menores que la leucemia linfoide aguda. Objetivo: describir los resultados obtenidos con el tratamiento de la leucemia mieloide aguda del niño en algunos centros de Cuba en el período 2000-2008. Métodos: se trataron 46 pacientes con leucemia mieloide aguda, se excluyeron los casos con leucemia promielocítica, diagnosticados a partir del año 2000 en las provincias occidentales, Sancti Spíritus y Villa Clara. Se aplicaron dos esquemas de tratamiento tipo BFM en dos períodos: en el primero (2000 -2003 se incluyeron 27 enfermos y en el segundo (2004-2008, 19. La diferencia fundamental entre los dos períodos consistió en la consolidación que en la segunda etapa fue de ciclos más intensos y cortos. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino (n = 32 y la mediana de edad fue de 9 años. La remisión inicial fue del 71 % en la primera etapa y 89 % en la segunda. La supervivencia libre de eventos (SLE en todos los pacientes fue del 40 % a los 5 años y la supervivencia global (SV fue del 44 % en igual período. En la SLE en las dos etapas se encontraron diferencias significativas siendo mayor en la segunda. En los años comprendidos entre el 2000 y el 2003 la SV a los 5 años fue del 31 %, mientras que entre 2004 y 2008 fue del 63 %. No se empleó el trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas de forma sistemática. Conclusiones: estos resultados muestran un nivel comparable a los alcanzados a internacionalmente, lo que representa un importante logro del Sistema Nacional de Salud de Cuba.Introduction. acute myeloid leukemia represents about 20 % of all leukemias in childhood with results and survival smaller than in acute lymphoid leukemia. Objectives: to describe the results obtained with the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in children in some Cuban centers in from 2000 to 2008

  9. Where Does Cuba Stand?

    Science.gov (United States)

    1994-01-14

    number of foreign tourists visiting the island, which has resulted in the virtual exclusion of the criollos from the choice spots in the littoral, and has...Anallsis Infurmativo de la Realidad ," paper delivered at the Annual Congress of the Partido Democrat. Cristlano de Cuba, Miami, June 4, 1993, pp. 19-23. 25

  10. Annual report of department of research reactors, 2001. April 1, 2001 - March 31, 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2002-12-01

    The Department of Research Reactor is responsible for the operation, maintenance, utilization of the JRR-3 and the JRR-4 and for the related R and D. Besides RI production including its R and D are carried out. This report describes the activities of the department in fiscal year of 2001 and it also includes some of the technical topics on the works mentioned above. As for the research reactors, we carried out the operation, maintenance, the utilization of irradiation and neutron beam experiments, technical management including fuels and water chemistry, radiation monitoring as related R and D works. RI production and its R and D works were conducted as well. The international cooperations between the developing countries and the department were also made concerning the operation, utilization and safety analysis for research reactors. (author)

  11. Poliomyelitis and its elimination in Cuba: an historical overview.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beldarraín, Enrique

    2013-04-01

    Polio was first detected in Cuba in the late 19th century among residents of the US community on the Isla de Pinos (Isle of Pines, now Isle of Youth), apparently introduced through migration from the USA. The first outbreak was reported in 1906 on the Isle, with the first epidemic reported in the former province of Las Villas in 1909. The epidemics subsequently intensified, by 1934 becoming periodic every four to five years, and accompanied by high morbidity, mortality and crippling sequelae, primarily among children. To review and analyze the history of polio and its control in Cuba, from the disease's first appearance in 1898 until WHO/PAHO certification of elimination in 1994. The historiological method was used; archival documents, medical records, and available polio morbidity and mortality statistics from the Ministry of Public Health's National Statistics Division before 1959 and from 1959 through 2000 were reviewed. Crude morbidity and mortality rates were calculated using population estimates at mid-period. Reports and scientific publications describing polio vaccination campaigns and their results were also reviewed, and key informants were interviewed. After initial introduction of polio in Cuba, five major epidemics occurred between 1932 and 1958: in 1934 (434 cases, 82 deaths); 1942 (494 cases, 58 deaths); 1946 (239 cases, 33 deaths), 1952 (492 cases, 15 deaths) and 1955 (267 cases, 8 deaths). Between 1957 and 1961 the disease's endemicity reached epidemic levels, with the last outbreak occurring in 1961, with 342 cases, 30% of them in children aged >4 years. In 1962, Cuba launched a nationwide polio vaccination campaign, the first of annual campaigns thereafter carried out in the framework of a coherent national program aimed at polio elimination. Using the Sabin oral vaccine and targeting the entire pediatric population in a single time period, five million doses were administered in the first campaign, reaching 87.5% of the target population aged 1

  12. Flexibilidad curricular y tutorías, efecto en la formación de personal de salud, en Tabasco, México.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco A. Zavala-González

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo, Determinar el efecto del plan flexible institucional, sobre los indicadores académicos de los alumnos de licenciatura del área de la salud, de la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. Diseño, observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, comparativo. Lugar, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. Participantes, 2963 alumnos del ciclo escolar Agosto/2001-Agosto/2002, y 1740 del ciclo Agosto/2006¿Agosto/2007. No se tomó muestra. Grupo 1, alumnos del ciclo 2006-07, plan flexible. Grupo 2, alumnos del ciclo 2001-02, plan rígido. Variables, licenciatura (cirujano dentista [CD], nutrición [Nut], psicología [Psic], médico cirujano [MC], plan de estudios, promedio general de aprovechamiento (PGA, índice reprobatorio (IR, bajas temporales (BT, deserción. Intervenciones, Base de datos del Departamento de Servicios Escolares de la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. Principales medidas de resultado, Medidas de preferencia y de tendencia central, valor "z" y "t", con 95% de confianza (p[]0.05. Resultados, PGA ciclos 2001-02 y 2006-07, CD 7.82±0.66, 8.01±0.64, Nut 8±0.64, 8.51±0.48, Psic 8.29±0.62, 8.5±0.63, MC 8.02±0.67, 8.22±0.62, diferencia significativa (DS en todos los casos. IR ciclos 2001-02 y 2006-07, CD 11.26%, 11.13%, Nut 11.75%, 2.03%, Psic 6.98%, 7.22%, MC 8.40%, 7.92%, DS sólo en nutrición. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en BT y deserción en todas las licenciaturas. Conclusiones, El plan flexible muestra efecto positivo sobre el PGA de los alumnos, quizá más atribuible a la flexibilidad curricular que a las tutorías. Sin embargo, el efecto sobre otros indicadores es nulo, esto debe investigarse. Es necesario establecer indicadores adecuados para la evaluación del plan flexible.

  13. Globalizar la salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franco A.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se exploran diversos aspectos de la relación entre salud y globalización. Se consideran diferentes dimensiones de la globalización (económica, tecnológica, cultural y política y se discuten sus consecuencias sobre la salud en términos epidemiológicos, éticos, sanitarios, ambientales y en relación con la distribución del poder y la equidad. Se analizan datos que evidencian la globalización de los riesgos y las enfermedades, atribuibles al actual modelo de relaciones internacionales y a la movilidad entre países. En el artículo se defiende la propuesta de globalizar la salud, integrando conceptos renovados y adelantos en las ciencias afines a la salud pública con nuevas estrategias políticas, sociales y organizativas de la práctica sanitaria. Finalmente, se reconocen las oportunidades que nos brinda la globalización, desde mediados del siglo pasado, para redefinir la gobernabilidad mundial y desarrollar movimientos locales, basados en la solidaridad y en una nueva concepción política que favorezcan la universalización de la salud.

  14. Colombia, España, Uruguay, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador: Seguridad Social para el adulto mayor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar José Dueñas Ruiz

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudio de tres bloques de derechos necesarios para el adulto mayor: salud, pensiones y servicios sociales. Se analizan dentro de un marco conceptual jurídico e histórico, acudiéndose a un lenguaje sencillo y entendible. Este artículo es corolario de un proyecto investigativo ya terminado elaborado por la Universidad del Rosario y la Organización Iberoamericana de la Seguridad Social (OISS. Se estudiaron esos tres derechos en el escenario colombiano, con base en la normatividad, la jurisprudencia y la praxis. Para tener una visión del ámbito iberoamericano se investigó el tratamiento que se les da en otros países: España, Ecuador, Cuba, Costa Rica, Uruguay, destacándose los rasgos más importantes. Varios capítulos fueron desarrollados con base en el método holístico dialéctico configuracional. Las conclusiones se ubican preferencialmente en un espacio jurídico. La principal consiste en que sea cual fuere el modelo de seguridad social, es indispensable una visión humanista.

  15. En el reino de la ambivalencia. La Cuba de Alejandro de Humboldt

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oliver Lubrich

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available Article in Spanish, Abstracts in English and German.In the Realm of Ambivalence.The Question of Cuba in Alexander von Humboldt’s American TravelogueCuba has a special role in Alexander von Humboldt’s American travel narrative: Humboldt’s experience of colonial slave economy drives his optimistic philosophy, inspired by European Enlightenment, into a crisis, and brings to surface the inherent contradictions of his discourse. This phenomenon is particularly interesting from the perspective of literary criticism: Alexander von Humboldt conceives Cuba as a poetic space, where contradictions and ambivalences coexist. Already on the boat to the island from Venezuela he creates destablizing effects of sensual perceptions. He stages his landing in Havana as a moment of oppositional impressions. Within the symbolic topography of his geographic fantasy, Cuba functions as an imaginary in-between space. And Humboldt’s philosophical and aesthetic terminology undergoes a semantic recoding in Cuba: what was once used in a philosophical and aesthetic sense, now has become charged with an economic and political meaning.

  16. First report of a Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in Cuba

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alvarez-Aleman, Anmari; Beck, Cathy A.; Powell, James A.

    2010-01-01

    Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in Florida utilize intake and effluent canals of power plants as resting and thermoregulatory habitat. We report the use of a power plant canal in Cuba by a known Florida manatee, the first documented case of movement by a manatee between Florida and Cuba. In January, February, and April 2007, two manatees (mother and calf) were reported entering a power plant canal in north Havana, Cuba. The larger manatee had several distinctive scars which were photographed. Digital images were matched to a previously known Florida manatee (CR131) with a sighting history dating from December 1979 to July 2006. Exchanges of individuals between Florida and Cuba may have important genetic implications, particularly since there appears to be little genetic exchange between the Florida manatee subspecies with populations of the Antillean manatee subspecies (T. m. manatus) in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic.

  17. Reduciendo las inequidades en salud y mejorando la salud materna mediante la mejora de los sistemas de información en salud: Wawared Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José E. Pérez-Lu

    Full Text Available En los países en desarrollo no existen datos de calidad para apoyar la toma de decisiones y la gobernanza, debido a inadecuados procesos de colección y transmisión de información. Nuestro proyecto WawaRed-Perú: "Reduciendo las inequidades en salud y mejorando la salud materna mediante la mejora de los sistemas de información en salud" propone mejorar los procesos e indicadores de salud materna a través de la implementación de estándares de interoperabilidad en los sistemas de información de salud materna para que los tomadores de decisión tengan información oportuna y de calidad. Con esto se desea apoyar a desarrollar mejores políticas de salud y, a su vez, contribuir a disminuir los problemas de equidad en salud de las mujeres peruanas, y potencialmente las mujeres de otros países en desarrollo. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la situación actual de los sistemas de información de salud materna en el Perú

  18. International wind energy development. World market update 2002. Forecast 2003-2007

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-03-01

    This report highlights the development of the international wind power market during 2002 and the new forecast up to 2007. The data presented includes both supply side and demand side information. With 7,227 MW of new installations the total installed capacity of wind power grew to over 32,000 MW. This is the highest figure ever in a single year. The growth rate of 6% over 2001, however, was the lowest since 1996. In spite of this modest figure, the average growth rate over the past five years (from 1997) has been much higher, at 35.7%, and last year's record growth (2001 over 2000) was 52%. The key features of development during 2002 were: 7,227 MW new installed wind power; cumulative installed capacity by the end of 2002 had reached 32,037 MW, consisting of around 61,500 wind turbines dispersed over more than 40 countries; A major share of new installations took place in Europe, with 85.4% of the total. Germany accounted for 53% of the European total; America fell back form its peak level of 1,745 MW in 2001 to a modest 494 MW in 2002, with the majority installed in the USA; Development in Asia was lower than in 2001; Of the emerging markets in the Far East/Pacific, China and Australia were the only two markets to show growth over 2001; The Top Ten markets in the world are headed by Germany, Spain, Denmark and the USA. Newcomers to the Top Ten markets ranking were Australia and the Netherlands; In terms of cumulative installation, the German market passed the 10,000 MW milestone and is by far the largest market in the world. There were 12,000 MW installed in Germany by end of 2002. Spain became No. 2 with 5,042 MW; Penetration of wind power in the world's electricity supply had reached 0.4% by end of 2002. Ten of the world's roughly 25 suppliers of wind turbines are responsible for more than 90% of total supply in the global market. This trend is continuing, with the Top Ten manufacturers in 2002 delivering 95% of the total record installation. Vestas Wind

  19. The United States and Cuba: Past, Present and Future

    Science.gov (United States)

    2000-04-01

    Cooperativas Independenties: Medio Ambiente , Ecologia, y Su Impacto al Campesino Cubano, CubaNet, [article on- line accessed 4 May 2000], available from http...Independientes: Medio Ambiente , Ecologia y Su Impacto al Campesino Cubano.” CubaNet News. Available at http://www.cubanet.org/cooperativa...after his release. While in Mexico , Castro met Che Guevara with whom he collaborated in organizing the July 26 Movement named in commemoration of

  20. Cuba y las fronteras de la utopía

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gustafsson, Jan

    2015-01-01

    Artiklen indeholder nogle generelle overvejelser om den sociale utopi som fænomen samt en række empiriske observationer og del analyser af dette fænomen i ft det revolutionære Cuba.......Artiklen indeholder nogle generelle overvejelser om den sociale utopi som fænomen samt en række empiriske observationer og del analyser af dette fænomen i ft det revolutionære Cuba....

  1. Lonely planet: affect and authenticity in guidebooks of Cuba

    OpenAIRE

    Ogden, Rebecca

    2017-01-01

    Record numbers of international visitors to Cuba in recent years amidst dramatic political and economic shifts have reinforced the island's reputation as a destination to visit urgently, ‘before it changes’. In foregrounding a normalised framework of affect and authenticity and directing tourists towards intimate experiences and encounters, bestselling English-language guidebooks contribute towards a selective interpretation of Cuba and of Cubans. However, their recommendations obscure the wo...

  2. Pacific Northern Gas Ltd. annual report 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-01-01

    Pacific Northern Gas Ltd. operates in west-central and northeast British Columbia. The company delivers natural gas to customers through a transmission pipeline connected to Duke Energy system near Summit Lake, British Columbia. This report states that in 2002 financial results were disappointing. The company's net income in 2002 was lower than it was in 2001 ($4.6 million versus $5.7 million). In December 2002, Pacific Northern Gas Ltd. completed $15 million in financing. Additions to property, plant and equipment reached a total of $6 million in 2002. A new, seven-year contract with Methanex Corporation was successfully negotiated. Pacific Northern Gas Ltd. filed revenue requirements applications with the British Columbia Utilities Commission, seeking the Commission's approval of rates for 2003 and requesting approval of a new deferral account in all divisions. A settlement of the western system 2003 revenue requirements application was negotiated with its customers. The annual report presented a highlight of all activities, including corporate governance and management discussions and analysis. Consolidated financial statements were also provided. tabs

  3. Boletín Salud Mental

    OpenAIRE

    anonymous

    2011-01-01

    Boletín informativo de los profesionales de la Red de Salud Mental del Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias Newsletter for professionals in the mental health network Asturias Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias

  4. Aerial Measuring System Technical Integration Annual Report 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bechtel Nevada Remote Sensing Laboratory

    2003-06-01

    Fiscal Year 2002 is the second year of a five-year commitment by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) to invest in development of new and state-of-the-art technologies for the Aerial Measuring Systems (AMS) project. In 2000, NNSA committed to two million dollars for AMS Technical Integration (TI) for each of five years. The tragedy of September 11, 2001, profoundly influenced the program. NNSA redirected people and funding resources at the Remote Sensing Laboratory (RSL) to more immediate needs. Funds intended for AMS TI were redirected to NNSA's new posture of leaning further forward throughout. AMS TI was brought to a complete halt on December 10, 2001. Then on April 30, 2002, NNSA Headquarters allowed the restart of AMS TI at the reduced level of $840,000. The year's events resulted in a slow beginning of several projects, some of which were resumed only a few weeks before the AMS TI Symposium held at RSL on July 30.

  5. Coseismic deformation of the 2001 El Salvador and 2002 Denali fault earthquakes from GPS geodetic measurements

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hreinsdottir, Sigrun

    2005-07-01

    GPS geodetic measurements are used to study two major earthquakes, the 2001 MW 7.7 El Salvador and 2002 MW 7.9 Denali Fault earthquakes. The 2001 MW 7.7 earthquake was a normal fault event in the subducting Cocos plate offshore El Salvador. Coseismic displacements of up to 15 mm were measured at permanent GPS stations in Central America. The GPS data were used to constrain the location of and slip on the normal fault. One month later a MW 6.6 strike-slip earthquake occurred in the overriding Caribbean plate. Coulomb stress changes estimated from the M W 7.7 earthquake suggest that it triggered the MW 6.6 earthquake. Coseismic displacement from the MW 6.6 earthquake, about 40 mm at a GPS station in El Salvador, indicates that the earthquake triggered additional slip on a fault close to the GPS station. The MW 6.6 earthquake further changed the stress field in the overriding Caribbean plate, with triggered seismic activity occurring west and possibly also to the east of the rupture in the days to months following the earthquake. The MW 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake ruptured three faults in the interior of Alaska. It initiated with a thrust motion on the Susitna Glacier fault but then ruptured the Denali and Totschunda faults with predominantly right-lateral strike-slip motion unilaterally from west to east. GPS data measured in the two weeks following the earthquake suggest a complex coseismic rupture along the faults with two main regions of moment release along the Denali fault. A large amount of additional data were collected in the year following the earthquake which greatly improved the resolution on the fault, revealing more details of the slip distribution. We estimate a total moment release of 6.81 x 1020 Nm in the earthquake with a M W 7.2 thrust subevent on Susitna Glacier fault. The slip on the Denali fault is highly variable, with 4 main pulses of moment release. The largest moment pulse corresponds to a MW 7.5 subevent, about 40 km west of the Denali

  6. 76 FR 5058 - Airports of Entry or Departure for Flights to and From Cuba

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-01-28

    ... [CBP Dec 11-05] RIN 1651-AA86 Airports of Entry or Departure for Flights to and From Cuba AGENCY: U.S... (DHS) regulations, direct flights between the United States and Cuba must arrive at or depart from one... Border Protection (CBP) to process authorized flights between the United States and Cuba. These...

  7. Hábitos saludables, igual buena salud

    OpenAIRE

    López, María Fernanda

    2011-01-01

    El presente trabajo es un proyecto desarrollado en el Jardín de Infantes N 904 de Ensenada durante el ciclo lectivo 2010 con el propósito de promover hábitos saludables desde el ámbito educativo en niños de nivel inicial desde el área de la educación física teniendo en cuenta un abordaje transversal con las demás áreas. Se realizaron distintas actividades en el Jardín y en la plaza cercana: clases en las que se trataron diferentes contenidos de promoción y prevención de la salud como hábitos ...

  8. Home | Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico

    Science.gov (United States)

    Salud Sexual Suicidio Tabaquismo Vacunación Violación/Agresión Sexual Virus del Zika > EMBARAZADAS Publicaciones Registros Suicidio Tuberculosis Centro de Aprendizaje Virtual sobre temas de Preparación en Salud Nutrición Salud Pública en Emergencias y Desastres Salud Oral Salud por Poblaciones Salud Sexual Suicidio

  9. Las actuales transformaciones en Cuba y sus efectos en las relaciones Cuba-CARICOM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacqueline Laguardia Martínez

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available En 2011 Cuba aprobó una nueva política económica con el objetivo de relanzar su economía sin comprometer los principales logros sociales asociados a su modelo socialista. La apuesta es lo suficientemente ambiciosa como para generar dudas sobre la posibilidad real de instrumentar con éxito una transformación socioeconómica de tales dimensiones. Lo cierto es que, a pesar de los temores y resistencias a la “actualización” del modelo económico cubano, los cambios internos son obligatorios con el fin de construir un socialismo “próspero y sostenible”, idea que el presidente Raúl Castro ha promovido como objetivo central de los cambios. El artículo analiza las relaciones de Cuba y los países del CARICOM en el contexto de la cambiante realidad cubana actual y examina las posibles modificaciones que esta relación podría experimentar en un futuro próximo como consecuencia de la actualización económica cubana.

  10. NERSC 2001 Annual Report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hules, John (editor)

    2001-12-12

    The National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) is the primary computational resource for scientific research funded by the DOE Office of Science. The Annual Report for FY2001 includes a summary of recent computational science conducted on NERSC systems (with abstracts of significant and representative projects); information about NERSC's current systems and services; descriptions of Berkeley Lab's current research and development projects in applied mathematics, computer science, and computational science; and a brief summary of NERSC's Strategic Plan for 2002-2005.

  11. Invasive Meningococcal Disease. Cuba, 1983- 2006

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio E. Pérez

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD is a worldwide health problem. In Cuba, vaccination against meningococcal B-C has been carried out since 1989. The study aimed at describing the epidemiology of IMD in Cuba from 1983 to 2006 and at contributing to the immunization strategy. A descriptive and analytical study was carried out. Epidemiological data was obtained from the National Surveillance System at the Institute "Pedro Kourí". More than 1 000 cases were reported in 1986 and the overall incidence was above 10/100 000 inhabitants. Since 1989 a remarkable and continuous decline in the incidence was observed. In the last nine years a strong association of IMD to boarding school students (OR=9.4; confidence interval 95%: 5.1-17.4, recluses (OR=5.9; CI 95%: 1.5 -24.3 and day students (OR=3.9; CI 95%: 2.8-5.6 was observed. Housewife (OR=4.9; CI 95%: 1.9-12.4 and pensioned (OR=4.5; CI 95%: 1.2-16.8 showed association with mortality. Previous vaccination was a protective factor against morbidity (OR=0.6; CI 95%: 0.4-1.0 and mortality (OR=0.4; CI 95%: 0.2-0.9 by IMD. Neisseria meningitidis B4:P1.15 was the main circulating strain. Incidence of IMD declined markedly in Cuba by using group BC strain-specific meningococcal vaccine.

  12. Facts 2002. The Norwegian petroleum sector; Fakta 2002. Norsk petroleumsvirksomhet

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2002-07-01

    The petroleum sector is highly significant for the Norwegian economy. Its share of gross domestic product, exports and total government revenues has been substantial over the past two decades, reaching a particularly high level in 2000 and 2001. The principal reason why revenues were so high in these two years is a combination of high oil prices, a strong USD against the NOK and historically high petroleum production. The share of petroleum investment in total capital spending in the Norwegian economy was at its highest in the early 1990s. Total investment in the petroleum sector has been above NOK 40 bn every year since 1992, and peaked in 1998 at roughly NOK 80 bn. Capital spending declined to around NOK 56.9 bn in 2001. The government's most important revenue sources in recent years have been cash flow from the state's direct financial interest (SDFI) and from taxes. Production of crude oil has averaged around three mill barrels per day since 1996. The figure for 2001 was 3.1 mill barrels. Including natural gas liquids (NGL) and condensate raises the 2001 average to 3.4 mill barrels oe per day. At 53 mill scm oe, gas production was also high in 2001. Oil production is expected to remain more or less unchanged over the next few years, and then to go into a gradual decline. Gas output, on the other hand, should expand substantially over the coming decade and is expected to be increasingly significant in Norwegian petroleum output in future. The petroleum sector is also a substantial player internationally. Norway ranks as the world's sixth largest producer and third largest net exporter of oil. It is also the world's third largest exporter of pipeline gas, and Norwegian foreign sales of this commodity accounted for about two per cent of global consumption in 2001. Roughly 10 per cent of west European gas consumption is covered from Norway. Several changes were made to state participation in the petroleum sector during 2001. The government sold

  13. Evolución de la mortalidad por atropellos y colisiones de tránsito en Argentina entre 2001 y 2010

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel Escanés

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Resumen En este artículo se analiza la mortalidad vial con el objetivo de medir el impacto que tuvieron los decesos por atropellos y colisiones de tránsito sobre la esperanza de vida de los argentinos entre los trienios 2000-2002 y 2009-2011. Se aplicó el índice de años de esperanza de vida perdidos (AEVP, que sirvió para establecer la cantidad de años que deberían haber vivido las personas que fallecieron por lesiones causadas al transitar por la vía pública, ya sea como peatones, ciclistas, motociclistas u ocupantes de vehículos a motor. Los registros sobre la población segmentada por edad y sexo se tomaron de los dos últimos censos nacionales de población, correspondientes a los años 2001 y 2010. La información sobre las causas de muerte, sexo y edad de los fallecidos se obtuvo de las bases de datos de la Dirección de Estadísticas e Investigación en Salud. Los principales resultados indican que en el trienio 2000-2002 la población argentina perdió 0,59 años (siete meses de esperanza de vida entre el nacimiento y los 80 años como consecuencia de las muertes en el espacio vial, y 0,66 años (ocho meses en el trienio 2009-2011.

  14. The tourism model in Post-Castro Cuba: Challenges and opportunities

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Balslev, Helene; Velázquez, Mario

    2018-01-01

    This chapter explores tourism in Cuba within the framework of alternative economies to tap into the debate about the diversity of modes of exchange. Cuba is at a crossroad in the country’s transition from socialist to capitalist economy. The death of Fidel Castro and the steps taken by Raúl Castr...... increasing tourism, and since 1999 has been UNESCO World Cultural Landscape....

  15. Proyecto Vedado: salud-electrónica en la atención primaria de salud. Diseño y resultados iniciales Vedado Project: electronic health in primary health care. Design and initial results

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodolfo J. Stusser Beltranena

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Se expone brevemente el diseño, justificación, resultados iniciales y perspectivos, y dificultades del portafolio de proyectos “Vedado” de salud-electrónica (salud-e en la atención primaria de salud y medicina general integral, entre los años 2002 y 2006. Se describen los resultados obtenidos con un sistema de información gerencial de atención primaria, un sistema tele electrocardiográfico de 2da. y 3ra. opinión, unos sitios web del Policlínico Vedado, un tutorial en multimedia de anatomía en atención primaria, y una universidad virtual desde este propio nivel de atención. Se enuncian los resultados perspectivos de una red electrónica y centro colaborador en investigación a distancia y en línea del sistema nacional de salud a partir de la atención primaria, del uso de asistentes personales digitales y tecnología inalámbrica, así como de una historia clínica electrónica única desde el consultorio del Médico de Familia al resto del sistema. Se concluye que los resultados obtenidos han comenzado lentamente a mejorar la eficiencia de este nivel de atención y nuestra especialidad. Se vislumbra que la continuación de estos proyectos y extensión de sus resultados originará un salto de calidad en los servicios de la Medicina General Integral en las áreas de salud, sobre todo, las rurales y más aisladas del país. Se recomienda formalizar un centro y red de investigación en salud-e desde la atención primaria, con presupuesto para proyectos de investigación, incluir técnicas de tele-cirugía y cirugía de mínimo acceso, sobre todo en áreas rurales, así como también facilitar la investigación en colaboración en salud-e y los entrenamientos e intercambios académicos en los países de avanzada.The design, rationale, initial and future results of the “Vedado” electronic health (e-health projects in primary health care and comprehensive general medicine between 2002 and 2006 are briefly exposed. The results

  16. MÚSICA CAMPESINA Y CULTURA POPULAR EN CUBA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Radisbel Galán Rizo

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumen La música campesina en Cuba constituye la base fundamental para el estudio de la cultura del país. En ella confluye junto a escasos elementos de la población aborigen las culturas de diferentes etnias que conformaron el amplio mosaico cultural de la Isla siendo la música campesina síntesis inequívoca de este proceso. A través de un análisis crítico, se tomaron en consideración ideas planteadas por varios autores, lo que permite enriquecer los términos y la comprensión del tema. El estudio de la realidad posibilitó analizar la presencia de la música campesina en el contexto nacional a través de sus componentes étnicos, motivaciones, características, rasgos originales, evolución histórica y social como parte indisoluble en la conformación de la nación y su salvaguarda como reafirmación de identidad. De esta forma, el presente texto responde a la insuficiencia de información acerca de los esfuerzos para la salvaguarda y rescate de la tradición musical campesina en Cuba. PALABRAS CLAVE: Música campesina; cultura popular; identidad. THE CONTRY MUSIC AND POPULAR CULTURE IN CUBA ABSTRACT The country music in Cuba is the fundamental for the study of the country's culture base. It converges with few elements of Aboriginal people from different ethnic cultures that shaped the broad cultural mosaic of the island country music being unequivocal synthesis of this process. Through critical analysis, were taken into consideration ideas raised by several authors, allowing enrich the terms and understanding of the subject. The study of reality allowed analyze the presence of country music in the national context through its ethnic components, motivations, characteristics, original features, historical and social evolution as an indissoluble part in shaping the nation and its protection as a reaffirmation of identity. Thus, this text responds to insufficient information on efforts to safeguard and rescue of peasant musical

  17. Acute myocardial infarction mortality in Cuba, 1999-2008.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Armas, Nurys B; Ortega, Yanela Y; de la Noval, Reinaldo; Suárez, Ramón; Llerena, Lorenzo; Dueñas, Alfredo F

    2012-10-01

    Acute myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death in the world. This is also true in Cuba, where no national-level epidemiologic studies of related mortality have been published in recent years. Describe acute myocardial infarction mortality in Cuba from 1999 through 2008. A descriptive study was conducted of persons aged ≥25 years with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction from 1999 through 2008. Data were obtained from the Ministry of Public Health's National Statistics Division database for variables: age; sex; site (out of hospital, in hospital or in hospital emergency room) and location (jurisdiction) of death. Proportions, age- and sex-specific rates and age-standardized overall rates per 100,000 population were calculated and compared over time, using the two five-year time frames within the study period. A total of 145,808 persons who had suffered acute myocardial infarction were recorded, 75,512 of whom died, for a case-fatality rate of 51.8% (55.1% in 1999-2003 and 49.7% in 2004-2008). In the first five-year period, mortality was 98.9 per 100,000 population, falling to 81.8 per 100,000 in the second; most affected were people aged ≥75 years and men. Of Cuba's 14 provinces and special municipality, Havana, Havana City and Camagüey provinces, and the Isle of Youth Special Municipality showed the highest mortality; Holguín, Ciego de Ávila and Granma provinces the lowest. Out-of-hospital deaths accounted for the greatest proportion of deaths in both five-year periods (54.8% and 59.2% in 1999-2003 and 2004-2008, respectively). Although risk of death from acute myocardial infarction decreased through the study period, it remains a major health problem in Cuba. A national acute myocardial infarction case registry is needed. Also required is further research to help elucidate possible causes of Cuba's high acute myocardial infarction mortality: cardiovascular risk studies, studies of out-of-hospital mortality and quality of care

  18. Access to health care and undiagnosed diabetes along the United States-Mexico border Acceso a la atención de salud y diabetes no diagnosticada a lo largo de la frontera México-Estados Unidos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xuanping Zhang

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVE: To examine the relationship between access to health care and undiagnosed diabetes among the high-risk, vulnerable population in the border region between the United States of America and Mexico. METHODS: Using survey and fasting plasma glucose data from Phase I of the U.S.-Mexico Border Diabetes Prevention and Control Project (February 2001 to October 2002, this epidemiological study identified 178 adults 18-64 years old with undiagnosed diabetes, 326 with diagnosed diabetes, and 2 966 without diabetes. Access to health care among that sample (n = 3 470, was assessed by type of health insurance coverage (including "none", number of health care visits over the past year, routine pattern of health care utilization, and country of residence. RESULTS: People with diabetes who had no insurance and no place to go for routine health care were more likely to be undiagnosed than those with insurance and a place for routine health care (odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-6.6, and OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.4-14.1, respectively. When stratified by country, the survey data showed that on the U.S. side of the border there were more people with undiagnosed diabetes if they were 1 uninsured versus the insured (28.9%, 95% CI 11.5%-46.3%, versus 9.1%, 95% CI 1.5%-16.7%, respectively and if they 2 had made no visits or 1-3 visits to a health care facility in the past year versus had made > 4 visits (40.8%, 95% CI 19.6%-62.0%, and 23.4%, 95% CI 9.9%-36.9%, respectively, versus 2.4%, 95% CI -0.9%-5.7% (all, P OBJETIVO: Examinar la relación entre el acceso a la atención de salud y la diabetes no diagnosticada en la población de alto riesgo y vulnerable de la zona fronteriza entre México y los Estados Unidos. MÉTODOS: Mediante el uso de los datos de la encuesta y de la glucosa plasmática en ayunas de la fase I del Proyecto de Prevención y Control de la Diabetes en la Frontera México-Estados Unidos (de febrero del 2001 a octubre del 2002

  19. Corrupción, burocracia colonial y veteranos separatistas en Cuba, 1868-1910

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Quiroz, Alfonso W.

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available Administrative corruption in Cuba during the nineteenth century was a serious problem addressed both by Spanish authorities and the critics of the colonial system in Cuba. In the long run the fiscal, financial, institutional, and ideological costs of corruption undermined Spanish colonial control in Cuba. While the state and Cuban taxpayers had to pay for the increased costs of corruption, corrupt public officials and private contractors and financiers benefited. This study uses both archival manuscript administrative sources and published sources to assess the impact of corruption and its institutional bases during the final phase of Spanish colonialism in Cuba and the early period of post-colonial transition.

    La corrupción administrativa en Cuba durante el siglo XIX constituyó un problema reconocido como muy grave tanto por las autoridades españolas como por los críticos del sistema colonial cubano. Los costos fiscales, institucionales, e ideológicos de la corrupción contribuían a la erosión del dominio español en Cuba. A causa de la corrupción el Estado percibía menos ingresos y los contribuyentes cubanos se veían forzados a llevar a cuestas una creciente deuda pública. Los funcionarios corruptos y los contratistas y financistas privilegiados por el rígido sistema colonial, por el contrario, percibían los beneficios informales a que se creían acreedores por defender el dominio territorial español en Cuba. Utilizando fuentes administrativas manuscritas de archivos cubanos y españoles, así como fuentes públicas impresas, este trabajo evalúa el impacto de la corrupción y sus particulares bases institucionales en la fase final del colonialismo español en la isla y la transición post-colonial temprana.

  20. Increased sex ratio in Russia and Cuba after Chernobyl: a radiological hypothesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Scherb, Hagen; Kusmierz, Ralf; Voigt, Kristina

    2013-08-15

    The ratio of male to female offspring at birth may be a simple and non-invasive way to monitor the reproductive health of a population. Except in societies where selective abortion skews the sex ratio, approximately 105 boys are born for every 100 girls. Generally, the human sex ratio at birth is remarkably constant in large populations. After the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in April 1986, a long lasting significant elevation in the sex ratio has been found in Russia, i.e. more boys or fewer girls compared to expectation were born. Recently, also for Cuba an escalated sex ratio from 1987 onward has been documented and discussed in the scientific literature. By the end of the eighties of the last century in Cuba as much as about 60% of the food imports were provided by the former Soviet Union. Due to its difficult economic situation, Cuba had neither the necessary insight nor the political strength to circumvent the detrimental genetic effects of imported radioactively contaminated foodstuffs after Chernobyl. We propose that the long term stable sex ratio increase in Cuba is essentially due to ionizing radiation. A synoptic trend analysis of Russian and Cuban annual sex ratios discloses upward jumps in 1987. The estimated jump height from 1986 to 1987 in Russia measures 0.51% with a 95% confidence interval (0.28, 0.75), p value Cuba the estimated jump height measures 2.99% (2.39, 3.60), p value Cuba and by radiological analyses of remains in Cuba for Cs-137 and Sr-90. If the evidence for the hypothesis is strengthened, there is potential to learn about genetic radiation risks and to prevent similar effects in present and future exposure situations.

  1. Reanalysis of the RXTE observations of the black-hole candidate XTE J1650-500 in the 2001/2002 outburst

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yan Lihong; Wang Jiancheng

    2012-01-01

    We present the results of the spectral fits made to 59 Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations of the Galactic X-Ray Black-Hole Candidate XTE J1650-500 covering the first 30d of its 2001/2002 outburst when the source was in a transition from the hard state to the soft state. The photon spectra can be well fitted with a phenomenological model of a power-law/cutoff power-law and a physical model of bulk-motion Comptonization. The spectral properties smoothly evolve away from the hard state and then stay in the soft state. The fitting results of the physical model reveal the peak of the burst had a flux of 2.90 × 10 −8 erg cm −2 s −1 in the 2–100 keV energy range and was observed on 2001 Sep. 9; it transitioned to the hard state. The total flux decays by a factor of ∼3 as it evolves into the soft state. The photon index Γ increases from ∼1.5 in the hard state and stays at ∼2.5 in the soft state. We found that the effective area of the high-energy X-ray emission region (the Compton cloud) decreases, i.e. the area of the Compton cloud decreases by a factor of ∼23 during the transition from the hard state to the soft state. Combining the new radio and quasi-periodic oscillation studies, the model of total flux in the 2–100 keV energy range, the jet emission and the timing analysis during the state transition, we suggest a possible geometry and evolution for the (jet+corona+disk) system, like that proposed by Kalemci et al. based on enhanced lags and peak frequency shift during the transition.

  2. Evolución de los resultados microbiológicos en alimentos de un área sanitaria de la Comunidad de Madrid (1999-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nerea Fernández de Larrea Baz

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: En el marco de una creciente relevancia de la seguridad alimentaria en el ámbito de la salud pública, el presente estudio trata de valorar el grado de contaminación microbiológica de los alimentos y proponer medidas de mejora.Metodología: Análisis retrospectivo de los resultados microbiológicos de las muestras tomadas de alimentos de industrias elaboradoras y de restauración del Distrito 1 del Área V de Salud de la Comunidad de Madrid en 1999, 2000, 2001 y 2002.Revisión de las actas de inspección de los establecimientos de restauración social.Análisis descriptivo de los mismos.Resultados: De las 383 muestras analizadas, 116 (30 ́3% superaron los límites microbiológicos permitidos por la legislación.El porcentaje de muestras correctas en comedores colectivos aumentó del 62% en 1999 al 89 ́9% en 2001 (p<0 ́05.El 32 ́8% de las muestras incorrectas lo fueron por la presencia de patógenos.Los alimentos con mayor porcentaje de incumplimiento fueron los productos lácteos, seguidos de los embutidos. En platos elaborados, el porcentaje de incumplimiento fue mayor en los del grupo A.Las principales deficiencias en los establecimientos de restauración social fueron la ausencia de lavamanos de accionamiento no manual utilizables, ausencia de lejía de uso alimentario e inadecuada protección de los alimentos.Conclusiones: Tendencia positiva en los resultados microbiológicos en comedores colectivos, aunque persisten deficiencias tanto estructurales como de proceso. En el resto de programas los resultados son menos valorables debido al bajo número de muestras.Conseguir una mayor utilización de lejía de uso alimentario podría disminuir el porcentaje de alimentos del grupo A que superan los límites microbiológicos permitidos.

  3. NERSC 2001 Annual Report; ANNUAL

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hules, John

    2001-01-01

    The National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) is the primary computational resource for scientific research funded by the DOE Office of Science. The Annual Report for FY2001 includes a summary of recent computational science conducted on NERSC systems (with abstracts of significant and representative projects); information about NERSC's current systems and services; descriptions of Berkeley Lab's current research and development projects in applied mathematics, computer science, and computational science; and a brief summary of NERSC's Strategic Plan for 2002-2005

  4. SOBRE LA SITUACIÓN DEL FONDO DE INVESTIGACIONES EN SALUD (FIS: COMUNICADO DEL COLEGIO MÁXIMO DE LAS ACADEMIAS DE COLOMBIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Colegio Máximo de las Academias

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available

    Durante el período de 1975 – 2005, el financiamiento de la investigación en Colombia se hizo fundamentalmente con base en préstamos externos mediante los créditos de ciencia y tecnología: BID [I]; BID [II] y BID [III]. A partir del último crédito del BID, el financiamiento de la investigación en general se estancó y disminuyó en términos reales durante varios años, no necesariamente secuenciales.

    En el año 2000, el Ministerio de Salud, las directivas de Colciencias y, especialmente, el Programa de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Salud, preocupados por esta disminución de recursos para la financiación de las importantes propuestas de investigación que se presentaban y que no era posible financiar, y después de una ardua tarea, lograron la aprobación de la Ley 643 del 6 de enero de 2001, por la cual: “se fija el régimen propio del monopolio rentístico de juegos de suerte y azar”, con el artículo 42 que creó el Fondo de Investigación en Salud (FIS: “Los recursos del FIS están constituidos por los dineros provenientes del 7% de las rentas obtenidas por la explotación del monopolio de juegos de suerte y azar diferentes del Lotto, la Lotería Preimpresa y la Instantánea, los cuales deberán ser girados mensualmente en los términos que dispone la Ley 643 de 2001. Estos recursos pertenecen a la Nación y están exclusivamente destinados a financiar los proyectos de investigación en salud de los departamentos y el Distrito Capital”.

    Los resultados de esta financiación han impactado positivamente la investigación en salud en Colombia como lo demuestran los siguientes indicadores: desde el año 2001 se han financiado alrededor de 1.196 proyectos por un valor de $763.608.933.432 de los cuales el 52% han sido sufragados con recursos del FIS, es decir, $393.557.675.570, y el restante corresponde al aporte de las Instituciones ejecutoras; además ha permitido el fortalecimiento de las capacidades

  5. Baseline research for action: adolescent alcohol consumption in Los Palacios Municipality, Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Díaz, Yolanda; Espinosa, Yairelis

    2013-04-01

    In Cuba, alcohol is an important contributor to morbidity, mortality and social problems. The foundation of Cuba's universal primary health care coverage, family doctor-and-nurse offices play a critical role in prevention, early detection and treatment of alcohol abuse. Los Palacios Municipality of the westernmost province of Pinar del Río, Cuba, is a socially complex, periurban area where alcohol abuse and alcoholism have been identified as important health problems. Adolescents constitute a population at high risk for alcohol abuse because of their receptivity to social influences, but the precise extent of the problem is unknown. This paper reports baseline findings from a survey and direct observation of alcohol consumption in the catchment area of a primary care center, conducted to inform planning for an educational intervention. KEYWORDS Alcohol, alcoholism, alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, adolescence, primary health care, Cuba.

  6. The activities of the 42nd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-42 wintering team 2001-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yoichi Motoyoshi

    2003-07-01

    Full Text Available The 42nd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-42 wintering team has conducted the Vth five-year JARE program during the period of February 1st 2001 to January 31st 2002, in which 40 members were engaged in the various scientific activities and maintenance of Syowa Station. The major observation programs of JARE-42 were as follows : Upper Atmo-spheric Physics-observations using Fabry-Perot imager, sodium Lidar and HFMF radar; Atmospheric Sciences and Glaciology-aerosols and air sampling, and shallow ice core drilling; Geophysics-superconducting gravity measurement, geodetic VLBI observations, and natural earthquake monitoring; Biology and Medicine-photosynthesis under sea water, populations census of penguins, and physiological and psychological adaptation to Antarctic environment, etc. In addition, satellite data receiving from ERS-2 and NOAA were also performed by using multi-purpose antenna at Syowa Station. Field activities included air sampling by using an aircraft, biological and geophysical observations, and reconnaissance survey for a possible aircraft runway around Syowa Station. Three inland traverse parties were organized, in which fuel transportation, maintenance of Dome Fuji Station, and various glaciological and geophysical observations were performed. A great efforts were made to maintain the facilities at Syowa Station by logistic personnel including mechanical engineers, radio operators, chefs, medical doctors, aircraft pilots and an engineer, an environmental engineer, a carpenter, a field assistant, a cinematographer, a satellite engineer, and an administrative officer. They were also involved in the support of field activities.

  7. INTERCULTURALIDAD EN SALUD: COMPETENCIAS EN PRÁCTICAS DE SALUD CON POBLACIÓN INDÍGENA

    OpenAIRE

    Hasen Narváez,Felipe Nayip

    2012-01-01

    Este artículo pretende discutir y reflexionar en torno a la manera en la cual los servicios del sistema de salud inmersos en territorios con alta presencia de comunidades mapuche, se adecuan a la idiosincrasia cultural de esta población, abordando cuáles son las dificultades con que los servicios de salud se encuentran a la hora de ejercer la práctica de atención de salud en contextos pluriétnicos, en donde la salud es entendida de forma ho-lística, llevando necesariamente a una visión epidem...

  8. Four decades of kidney transplantation in Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alfonzo, Jorge P

    2013-01-01

    This article describes the background, beginnings, development, evolution and outcomes of kidney transplantation in Cuba. Nephrology as a medical specialty in Cuba began in 1962 and was formalized in 1966. Conditions were created to implement renal replacement therapy (including transplants), bring nephrology care to the entire country and train human resources who would assume this responsibility, making Cuba one of the first countries with a comprehensive program for renal patient care. After three unsuccessful cadaveric-donor kidney transplantations in 1968-69, the ensuing history of kidney transplantation can be summarized in the following three stages. 1970-1975: In January 1970, cadaveric-donor kidney transplantation began at the Nephrology Institute. That year, 17 kidney transplantations were performed; four of these patients lived with functional kidneys for 15-25 years; 10-year graft survival was 23.5% (Kaplan-Meier survival curve); HLA typing began in 1974. By December 1975, 170 grafts had been done in three hospitals. 1976-1985: Seven transplantation centers performed 893 grafts during this period. HLA-DR typing was introduced in 1976 and the National Histocompatibility Laboratory Network was founded in 1978. The first related living-donor kidney transplantation was done in 1979. 1986-2011: The National Kidney Transplantation Coordinating Center and the National Kidney Transplantation Program were created in 1986; the first combined kidney-pancreas transplantation was performed the same year. In 1990, cyclosporine and the Cuban monoclonal antibody IOR-T3 were introduced for immunosuppression to prevent rejection, as were other Cuban products (hepatitis B vaccine and recombinant human erythropoietin) for transplant patients. By December 2011, the cumulative number of transplants was 4636 (384 from related living donors). With over 40 years of experience, kidney transplantation is now well established in Cuba; it is free and universally accessible, on the

  9. Cuba After Castro: Implications of Change

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Bullington, Johnny R

    2005-01-01

    .... In addition, the biological aging of Fidel Castro, as well as the downward spiral of the Cuban economy and well-being of Cuban citizens point to what may be a ripening chance for democracy in Cuba...

  10. VIH/SIDA en Colombia: Análisis de la relación entre de la desigualdad social, salud y conflicto armado 2002-2008.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jeadran Nevardo Malagón Rojas

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumen El presente estudio ilustrará la relación existente entre desigualdad social, VIH/SIDA y conflicto armado en Colombia 2002 - 2008. Métodos: Las variables del estudio fueron determinadas de acuerdo al  Índice de Riesgo de Situación Humanitaria. Los datos proporcionados fueron cruzados y estudiados mediante análisis bivariado. Resultados: El análisis de los resultados mostró dos tendencias. Un grupo de departamentos con índices de Desarrollo Humano mayores a la media nacional, que presentaron altas tasas de violencia armada y de incidencia de VIH/SIDA. Otro grupo con bajos niveles de desarrollo y pobreza, altas cifras de violencia armada, pero  bajas tasas de incidencia de VIH/SIDA. Conclusiones: En el caso colombiano existe una relación demostrable entre conflicto armado, desigualdad social y VIH/SIDA, aunque el nexo de causalidad no es plenamente identificable en el caso de poblaciones donde el conflicto armado ha afectado la operativización de los servicios de Vigilancia en Salud. Abstract This study will illustrate the relationship between social inequality, HIV/AIDS and armed conflict in Colombia 2002 - 2008. Methods: The study variables were determined according to the Risk Index of Humanitarian Situation. The data provided were crossed and studied by means of bivariate analysis. Results: The analysis of the results showed two trends. A group of departments with higher than the national average Human Development Index (HDI, which showed high rates of armed violence and incidence of HIV/AIDS. Another group, with low HDI, high rates of armed violence, but low rates of incidence of HIV/AIDS. Conclusions: In the case of Colombia a relationship has shown between armed conflict, social inequality and HIV/AIDS. Although there is a causal link is fully identifiable for populations where the armed conflict has affected the implementation of the health surveillance services.  

  11. Supervivencia de las cucarachas. Kafka en Cuba a finales de siglo XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irina Garbatzky

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available El artículo aborda tres recuperaciones kafkianas en Cuba durante los años ochenta y noventa estableciendo una serie entre el ensayo de Reinaldo Arenas sobre Virgilio Piñera, “La isla en peso con todas sus cucarachas”, con la poesía y la prosa de Rolando Sánchez Mejías y Carlos A. Aguilera, y sus textos en Diáspora(s, la revista que ambos coordinaron, entre 1997 y 2002. Si la obra de Kafka funciona como llave de paso a un pensamiento que desbarata los límites de lo humano (Yelin 2015, mi hipótesis sostiene que su lectura en la literatura de estos autores habilita una figura de escritor anómala (el escritor-bicho, cuestión relevante en el contexto de crisis de la figura del Hombre Nuevo, a la vez que abre nuevas cartografías para el imaginario cubano

  12. Impacto de la acromegalia y el síndrome de Cushing sobre la salud, una perspectiva vivencial Impact of acromegaly and the Cushing's syndrome, a prospect experience

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Loraine Ledón Llanes

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: describir el impacto de la acromegalia y el síndrome de Cushing sobre la salud, desde la perspectiva de personas con estas enfermedades. Métodos: se utilizó un diseño descriptivo, transversal y metodología cualitativa. Participaron 12 mujeres y 8 varones con cambios corporales resultantes de estas enfermedades, atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología, en La Habana, Cuba. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y técnicas psicológicas proyectivas. El material recogido fue transcrito íntegramente, sometido a codificación, interpretación y triangulación. Los aspectos éticos fueron considerados. Resultados: emergieron 5 categorías interconectadas que fundamentaron el impacto de dichas enfermedades sobre la salud: la construcción de sus manifestaciones en términos de síntoma, las trayectorias para acceder a los servicios de salud, la comunicación del diagnóstico, el origen de la enfermedad y su valoración como experiencia de vida. Conclusiones: desde la perspectiva de los sujetos, la acromegalia y el síndrome de Cushing provocaron un impacto significativo de salud como resultado de: sus manifestaciones psíquicas y corporales, las características del proceso de atención y el diagnóstico. El género, las particularidades de la enfermedad y la escasa difusión de información sobre estas enfermedades influyeron sobre las decisiones de salud. El cuerpo se reconstruyó como desvalorizado, y la enfermedad se estructuró como proceso que provocó modificaciones globales en sus vidas.Objective: to describe the impact of acromegaly and the Cushing's syndrome on health, from the prospective of the persons presenting these diseases. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional design and qualitative methodology were used. Twelve women and 8 men with body changes caused by these diseases, seen in the National Institute of Endocrinology in La Habana, Cuba, participated in this study. Interviews in depth were applied as

  13. COMÉRCIO VAREJISTA PERIÓDICO NA FESTA DE TRINDADE, GO: SUAS TRANSFORMAÇÕES A PARTIR DA AÇÃO DO ESTADO ENTRE 2001 e 2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tito Oliveira Coelho

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo é o resultado de uma análise das relações do comércio varejista periódicono tempo-espaço da Festa do Divino Pai Eterno, em Trindade, GO, com os elementosenvolvidos na organização desse evento. Com base em uma abordagem sócio-histórica ecultural-discursiva dos dados levantados em arquivos, jornais, revistas, bibliografiaspertinentes ao tema, entrevistas e aplicação de questionários em 2001 e 2002, procedeu-sea um estudo da festa como evento relevante para os comerciantes esporádicos, locadoresde pontos (habitantes da cidade, e para o município de Trindade.

  14. Salud Mental... Antes y ahora

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Velez-Laguado

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Comprender el concepto de Salud Mental es entender que la Salud depende de algo más que un buen estado físico; es el equilibrio o armonía entre las distintas dimensiones que conforman al individuo dentro de un entorno, que dada las condiciones de nuestro País, ha cambiado. Su prevención está dada por la adquisición de conductas saludables a partir de la implementación, las Políticas de Salud mental dentro de los Lineamientos Departamentales.

  15. La plaza de la salud

    OpenAIRE

    Pracilio, Horacio Oscar; Zelayeta, Adrián Rogelio; Diaczuk, Teresa; Mendes, Claudia Andrea; Mamonde, Mario Valentín

    2016-01-01

    La estrategia de promoción de la salud, propiciada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en la Carta de Otawa (1986), propone entre las líneas de acción para intervenir sobre los determinantes de la salud, la “creación de entornos favorables a la salud” y el “desarrollo de aptitudes personales”. Según numerosas investigaciones epidemiológicas sobre factores causales y de riesgo de enfermedades transmisibles y crónicas no transmisibles, la salud de la población depende no solo de intervencio...

  16. Intercontinental circulation of human influenza A(H1N2) reassortant viruses during the 2001-2002 influenza season.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Xiyan; Smith, Catherine B; Mungall, Bruce A; Lindstrom, Stephen E; Hall, Henrietta E; Subbarao, Kanta; Cox, Nancy J; Klimov, Alexander

    2002-11-15

    Reassortant influenza A viruses bearing the H1 subtype of hemagglutinin (HA) and the N2 subtype of neuraminidase (NA) were isolated from humans in the United States, Canada, Singapore, Malaysia, India, Oman, Egypt, and several countries in Europe during the 2001-2002 influenza season. The HAs of these H1N2 viruses were similar to that of the A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1) vaccine strain both antigenically and genetically, and the NAs were antigenically and genetically related to those of recent human H3N2 reference strains, such as A/Moscow/10/99(H3N2). All 6 internal genes of the H1N2 reassortants examined originated from an H3N2 virus. This article documents the first widespread circulation of H1N2 reassortants on 4 continents. The current influenza vaccine is expected to provide good protection against H1N2 viruses, because it contains the A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1) and A/Moscow/10/99(H3N2)-like viruses, which have H1 and N2 antigens that are similar to those of recent H1N2 viruses.

  17. CUBA: TRANSICIÓN, SUCESIÓN, ESTABILIDAD, SEGURIDAD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joaquín ROY

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Este análisis trata de la relación entre la estabilidad del presente gobierno cubano y la necesidad de seguridad en su territorio y en la zona circundante. Este vínculo se produce en un momento político de Cuba, entre un primer paso de la sucesión de Fidel Castro a Raúl, sin que se den señales claras de una transición hacia otro tipo de sistema político. Mientras tanto, el gobierno de Estados Unidos ha declarado que su prioridad estriba en el reestablecimiento de la democracia en Cuba, tanto durante el último periodo de la administración de George W. Bush como con Barack Obama ya asentado en la Casa Blanca. Sin embargo, las delicadas circunstancias de Cuba (precariedad económica, desastres naturales, dependencia alimentaria y energética, etc. señalan que la prioridad de los intereses nacionales de Estados Unidos se centran primero en la estabilidad del escenario. Incluso al precio del retraso de la evolución del régimen, un cierto grado de seguridad es necesario para enfrentarse a los riesgos de una emigración incontrolada y las hipotéticas tensiones internas que provoquen confrontaciones.

  18. Una rareza bibliográfica escrita en Cuba sobre fiebre amarilla A bibliography rarity on yelow fever written in Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Antonio López Espinosa

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Se brinda una síntesis biográfica del cirujano de origen escosés John Holliday Heragod (Juan Tomás José Agustín Domínguez, quien fue el autor de una de las primeras obras escritas en Cuba sobre la fiebre amarilla, y se ofrecen algunas observaciones en relación con el proceso de convalidación de su título ante el Real Tribunal del Protomedicato de La Habana. Se emiten varias consideraciones referentes a las circunstancias que rodearon la redacción en español del citado documento en 1794, su presentación en la Real Sociedad Patriótica de Amigos del País en 1796 y su publicación en inglés fuera de Cuba el mismo año, como elementos para ubicarlo en el lugar adecuado en el contexto de la historia de la bibliografía médica cubanaA brief bibliography on the Scoth surgeon John Holliday Heragod (Juan Tomás José Agustín Domínguez is given. Dr. Heragod was one of the first authors who wrote about the yellow fever in Cuba. Some observations are made concerning the process for validating his diploma at the Real Tribunal del Protomedicato de la Habana. Some considerations are made referring the Spanish equivalent of the document in 1794, its presentation at the Real Sociedad Patriótica Amigos del País in 1794, and its publication in the English languaje outside Cuba in the same year, as well as its palce in the history of the Cuban bibliography on Medicine

  19. Prevalence of 12-Month Alcohol Use, High-Risk Drinking, and DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorder in the United States, 2001-2002 to 2012-2013: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Grant, Bridget F; Chou, S Patricia; Saha, Tulshi D; Pickering, Roger P; Kerridge, Bradley T; Ruan, W June; Huang, Boji; Jung, Jeesun; Zhang, Haitao; Fan, Amy; Hasin, Deborah S

    2017-09-01

    Lack of current and comprehensive trend data derived from a uniform, reliable, and valid source on alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder (AUD) represents a major gap in public health information. To present nationally representative data on changes in the prevalences of 12-month alcohol use, 12-month high-risk drinking, 12-month DSM-IV AUD, 12-month DSM-IV AUD among 12-month alcohol users, and 12-month DSM-IV AUD among 12-month high-risk drinkers between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013. The study data were derived from face-to-face interviews conducted in 2 nationally representative surveys of US adults: the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, with data collected from April 2001 to June 2002, and the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III, with data collected from April 2012 to June 2013. Data were analyzed in November and December 2016. Twelve-month alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV AUD. The study sample included 43 093 participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions and 36 309 participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III. Between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013, 12-month alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV AUD increased by 11.2%, 29.9%, and 49.4%, respectively, with alcohol use increasing from 65.4% (95% CI, 64.3%-66.6%) to 72.7% (95% CI, 71.4%-73.9%), high-risk drinking increasing from 9.7% (95% CI, 9.3%-10.2%) to 12.6% (95% CI, 12.0%-13.2%), and DSM-IV AUD increasing from 8.5% (95% CI, 8.0%-8.9%) to 12.7% (95% CI, 12.1%-13.3%). With few exceptions, increases in alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV AUD between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013 were also statistically significant across sociodemographic subgroups. Increases in all of these outcomes were greatest among women, older adults, racial/ethnic minorities, and individuals with lower educational level and family income. Increases were also

  20. Pacific Lamprey Research and Restoration Project, Annual Report 2002.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Close, David; Aronsuu, Kimmo; Jackson, Aaron

    2003-07-01

    Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) has significantly declined along the Oregon coast and in the Columbia River Basin (Downey et al. 1993, Close and Jackson 2001). Declines in adults can be partially attributed to hydroelectric dams, which have impeded passage of adult Pacific lamprey in the Columbia and Snake rivers (Moser et al. 2002), thus effecting larval recruitment in the basin (Moser and Close in press). Adult Pacific lamprey also declined in numbers in the Umatilla River, a tributary of the Columbia River (Close and Jackson 2001). In addition to hydro power dams in the Columbia River, habitat alterations and chemical treatments have been involved in the collapse of Pacific lamprey populations in the Umatilla River (Close 1999). To initiate the restoration effort, CTUIR began developing a restoration plan in 1998. The goal of the lamprey research and restoration project is to restore natural production of Pacific lampreys in the Umatilla River to self-sustaining and harvestable level. This report is summarizing the studies and restoration efforts concluded in 2002.

  1. Intoxicación alimentaria por clostridium perfringens en el centro penitenciario cocori, cartago, costa rica, del 4 al 5 de septiembre del 2002

    OpenAIRE

    Espinoza, A; Arguedas, H; Asenjo, A

    2004-01-01

    Introducción El 5 de setiembre del 2002 el Centro Penitenciario Cocorí en Cartago, notificó al Sistema de Vigilancia del Ministerio de Salud, la presencia de 133 casos de diarrea. Ante esta situación, las autoridades de salud plantearon la investigación, para identificar los factores asociados a la presencia del brote. Material y métodos Mediante la revisión de los expedientes de los casos atendidos por diarrea en el Centro Penitenciario, se identificaron los que cumplieran con la siguiente d...

  2. Centro Nacional de Salud Ocupacional y Protección del Ambiente para la Salud (CENSOPAS)

    OpenAIRE

    Instituto Nacional de Salud

    2005-01-01

    En el mes de agosto del 2005, se atendieron en el servicio de salud de psicología del Centro nacional de Salud Ocupacional del INS, 45 personas de las cuales sólo una persona presentó alguna alteración de su salud mental (Síndrome Orgánico Cerebral)

  3. CNSC annual report 2002-2003

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-01-01

    The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) is Canada's nuclear regulator that has two business lines that support this strategic outcome: health, safety, security and environmental protection, and non-proliferation and safeguards. This report is details the activities of the CNSC for the year 2002-2003. In particular the report outlines the progress made in the implementation of risk-based approach to planning, budgeting and resource allocation, elements of enhanced security identified in the post September 11, 2001 security review as well as its role in nuclear emergency preparedness

  4. La tuberculosis pulmonar, enfermedad reemergente en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita González Tapia

    2014-08-01

    haber comenzado con síntomas respiratorios. Al respecto quisiera reflexionar en primer lugar que es importante considerar a los reclusos como un grupo importante de riesgo, más que una ocupación y en segundo lugar tener en cuenta que el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis BK+ debe hacerse el 100% en la atencion primaria de salud, pero el diagnostico de los casos BK- resulta sumamente importante llegar al diagnóstico conjuntamente con la comisión de tuberculosis, tal como lo recomienda el Programa Nacional de Tuberculosis.2 Al estudiar la relación existente entre los factores de riesgo y la aparición de casos nuevos de enfermos de tuberculosis pulmonar en Cuba, hay que tener en cuenta nuestra realidad social, caracterizada por condiciones de vida de la población que se desarrollaron en los principios de iguales oportunidades y derechos fundamentales en todas las esferas de la vida, especialmente en la educación, la salud y el empleo. Sin embargo, debe considerarse que el alto grado de equidad social alcanzado a partir del triunfo de la Revolución, se vio afectado en los años 90 como consecuencia de la desaparición de los estados socialistas del este europeo, situación que obligó al estado cubano a adoptar un conjunto de medidas económicas para salvar la Revolución y sus conquistas sociales, panorama agravado por el genocida bloqueo imperialista sostenido por las distintas administraciones norteamericanas, lo que ha provocado contrastes en las condiciones materiales en que viven las familias en la sociedad cubana actual

  5. La Reforma de la Enseñanza Superior de 1962 en Cuba y su carácter fundacional en las ciencias médicas The 1962 Reform of Higher Education in Cuba and its foundational character in the medical sciences

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilkie Delgado Correa

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Se exponen brevemente los fundamentos para la proclamación de la Ley de la Reforma de la Enseñanza Superior en Cuba y los principales antecedentes relacionados con la educación, que constituyeron hitos de las medidas adoptadas por la Revolución cubana. De igual manera, se trata específicamente el carácter fundacional en las ciencias médicas al referir el análisis sobre la situación de la salud pública en este país y la formación del capital humano, así como las características generales de los planes de estudio de las carreras de Medicina y Estomatología y la estrategia de creación de nuevas facultades en las provincias de Oriente y Las Villas. Finalmente, se hace una valoración del significado de la mencionada Reforma y se presentan los resultados alcanzados desde el primer decenio hasta la actualidad.Rationale for the proclamation of the Law of the Reform of Higher Education in Cuba and the main background related to the education are briefly stated, which constituted milestones in the actions taken by the Cuban Revolution. Similarly, foundational character in the medical sciences is specifically addressed, when referring to the analysis on the situation of public health in this country and human capital training, as well as general characteristics of the curricula of medicine and stomatology careers and the strategy of developing new colleges in Oriente and Las Villas provinces. Finally, an assessment of the meaning of that reform is made, and the results achieved from the first decade to the present are showed.

  6. Slave resistance and the politics of slavery: Brazil and Cuba, 1791-1825

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Parron, Tâmis

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available This article examines the political impact of slave activism in Brazil and Cuba from 1790 to 1825, covering the period from the beginning of the Revolution of Saint-Domingue to the establishment of the Constitution of Brazil (1824 and the granting of absolute power to the captains general of Cuba (1825, in the immediate context of the end of the wars of independence on the continent. Instead of discussing and classifying the specific character of the different expressions of collective slave resistance in a typological order, this article tries to understand the effect of those actions on the macro-political dynamic of these two aspects by verifying to what extent they made up the political and institutional framework of slavery in Brazil and Cuba.

    El artículo examina el impacto político del activismo esclavo, en Brasil y Cuba, de 1790 a 1825, esto es, desde el inicio de la Revolución de Saint-Domingue al otorgamiento de la Constitución del Brasil (1824 y al decreto de facultades omnímodas para los capitanes generales de Cuba (1825, en el contexto inmediato del término de las guerras de independencia en el continente. En lugar de discutir y clasificar en un orden tipológico el carácter específico de las diversas expresiones de resistencia esclava colectiva, el artículo intenta comprender el efecto de esas acciones en la dinámica macropolítica de los dos espacios, verificando en qué medida aquéllas conformaron el cuadro político e institucional de la esclavitud en Brasil y en Cuba. [pt] O artigo examina o impacto político do ativismo escravo, no Brasil e Cuba, de 1790 a 1825, isto é, do início da Revolução de Saint-Domingue à outorga da Constituição do Brasil (1824 e à decretação das faculdades onímodas para os capitães generais de Cuba (1825, no contexto imediato do término das guerras de independência no continente. Ao invés de discutir e classificar em uma ordem tipológica o caráter específico das

  7. Actividades de la brigada de control de focos del Aedes aegypti: evaluación de su calidad en un área de salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Meinardo Zayas Vinent

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Se efectuó una investigación sobre sistemas y servicios de salud, con vistas a evaluar la calidad de las actividades de la brigada de control de focos del Aedes aegypti en el Policlínico "Dr. Carlos Juan Finlay" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el mes de Junio del 2013, para lo cual se diseñó un sistema de indicadores de estructura, procesos, resultados e impacto, con una evaluación final integradora que favoreció la valoración de los objetivos de trabajo de esta brigada en la vigilancia y lucha antivectorial. Todos los indicadores fueron evaluados de bien y se propuso este instrumento para ser aplicado por los diferentes niveles de actuación en la lucha antivectorial

  8. Sun-Earth Day, 2001

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adams, Mitzi L.; Mortfield, P.; Hathaway, D. H.; Whitaker, Ann F. (Technical Monitor)

    2001-01-01

    To promote awareness of the Sun-Earth connection, NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, in collaboration with the Stanford SOLAR Center, sponsored a one-day Sun-Earth Day event on April 27, 2001. Although "celebrated" on only one day, teachers and students from across the nation, prepared for over a month in advance. Workshops were held in March to train teachers. Students performed experiments, results of which were shared through video clips and an internet web cast. Our poster includes highlights from student experiments (grades 2 - 12), lessons learned from the teacher workshops and the event itself, and plans for Sun-Earth Day 2002.

  9. Focus on safety : a comparative analysis of pipeline safety performance 2000-2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-01-01

    Canada's National Energy Board (NEB) is responsible for the promotion of safety, environmental protection and economic efficiency in the Canadian public interest in regulating the design, construction, operation and abandonment of interprovincial and international pipelines within Canada. This second annual report provides a review of the safety performance of oil and gas pipeline companies that are regulated by the NEB. The data used to prepare this report originates from two sources: incident reports submitted under the Onshore Pipeline Regulations, 1999, and from information voluntarily provided by pipeline companies under the Safety Performance Indicators (SPI) initiative. Data comparisons with external reference organizations were included. Six key indicators have been identified to provide comprehensive measures of safety performance for pipeline companies: fatalities, ruptures, injury frequencies, liquid releases, gas releases, and unauthorized activities on the right of way. The safety performance of the federally regulated pipeline industry within Canada was satisfactory during this reporting period (2000-2002). The contractor injury frequency rates reported in 2002 were lower than those reported in 2001, and exhibited more consistency with the levels reported in 2000. The NEB is of the opinion that the elevated number of liquid hydrocarbon spills reported in 2000 were a result of elevated construction levels. No fatalities were reported. There was an increase to three from two in the number of ruptures, due in large part to metal loss (corrosion) and cracking, and external interference (third party damage). The number of spills increased to 76 in 2002 from 55 in 2001, which appears to be more in line with industry averages. The volume of hydrocarbon liquid released in 2002 represented one third the volume released in 2001. refs., 5 tabs., 14 figs

  10. Evidence for the presence of bluetongue virus in Kosovo between 2001 and 2004.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Osmani, A; Murati, B; Kabashi, Q; Goga, I; Berisha, B; Wilsmore, A J; Hamblin, C

    2006-03-25

    In 2001, clinical cases of bluetongue were observed in Kosovo, and in that year and in 2003 and 2004, serum samples were collected from cattle and small ruminants and tested for antibodies to bluetongue virus. The results provide evidence that bluetongue virus was not present in Kosovo before the summer of 2001, but that the virus circulated subclinically among the cattle and sheep populations of Kosovo in 2002, 2003 and 2004.

  11. Supervisão da enfermeira em Unidades Básicas de Saúde Supervisión de la enfermera en Unidades Básicas de Salud Nurse supervision in Health Basic Units

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valesca Silveira Correia

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo sobre o padrão de supervisão das enfermeiras nas unidades básicas de saúde da sede do município de Feira de Santana - BA no período de agosto de 2001 a junho de 2002, que tem como objetivo descrever e identificar a existência da sistematização da supervisão da enfermeira. Utilizou-se o questionário como instrumento para a coleta de dados. A população em estudo constitui-se em dezesseis (16 enfermeiras que estavam em pleno exercício profissional. Utilizou-se procedimentos de estatística descritiva para análise dos dados. A partir desta análise conclui-se que 63,6% das enfermeiras realizam supervisão sistematizada e 36,4% destas não sistematizam a supervisão.El presente es un estudio cuantitativo sobre el procedimiento de supervisión de las enfermeras en las unidades básicas de salud de la municipalidad de Feira de Santana (Bahía Brasil en el período de agosto de 2001 a junio de 2002, que tiene como objetivo describir e identificar la existencia de la sistematización en la supervisión de la enfermera. Como instrumento para la adquisición de datos se usó un cuestionario. La muestra estudiada se compuso de dieciséis (16 enfermeras que estaban en pleno ejercicio profesional. Se utilizaron procedimientos de estadística descriptiva para el análisis de los datos. A partir de este análisis se pudo concluir que el 64% de las enfermeras realizan supervisión sistematizada y 36% no la sistematizan.This qualitative study intends to evaluate the pattern of supervision of the nurse in health basic units, in Feira de Santana city (Bahía Brasil, between August 2001 and June 2002. The objective was to describe the supervision and the existence of supervision systematics for the nurse. A questionnaire was used to take informations from a group of sixteen (16 nurses in actual professional work. Descriptive statistical procedures for data analysis were used. It can be concluded that systematic

  12. La salud sexual y la salud reproductiva desde la perspectiva de género

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Ramos Padilla

    2006-07-01

    Full Text Available Este ensayo busca introducir la categoría de género en el análisis de los procesos que producen la salud, la enfermedad y la atención, en el campo de la salud sexual y reproductiva, pues la considera un aporte valioso para develar una serie de componentes que, aunque están estrechamente relacionados con las categorías de clase o etnia, tienen una dinámica y una capacidad de explicación de la realidad relativamente autónoma. El género no es sólo un aspecto determinante de inequidad sino un eje explicativo de muchos de los factores que intervienen en el enfermar y morir de mujeres y hombres. En primer lugar, se exponen las implicaciones más importantes de las desigualdades sociales por razones de género y de las diferencias de género en la salud sexual y reproductiva para el caso peruano; en segundo lugar, se analiza la importancia de concebir e involucrar a los varones como sujetos de derechos y con necesidades específicas en sexualidad y reproducción, en discusión con los planteamientos de la Conferencia Internacional de Población y Desarrollo (CIPD de El Cairo al respecto, y las implicaciones de la salud sexual y reproductiva de los varones en la salud de las mujeres; en tercer lugar, se analiza el sinuoso camino de las políticas estatales en torno a la salud sexual y reproductiva y el respeto de estas a los derechos de las personas y a la equidad de género a partir de la CIPD; y por último, se concluye con algunas propuestas de lineamientos de políticas en salud sexual y salud reproductiva con perspectiva de género.

  13. Back Cover: NIH MedlinePlus Salud

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Bar Home Current Issue Past Issues NIH MedlinePlus Salud Past Issues / Winter 2009 Table of Contents For ... this page please turn Javascript on. ¡A su salud! Los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH, por ...

  14. Fifty years of Cuba's medical diplomacy: from idealism to pragmatism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Feinsilver, Julie M

    2010-01-01

    Medical diplomacy, the collaboration between countries to simultaneously produce health benefits and improve relations, has been a cornerstone of Cuban foreign policy since the outset of the revolution fifty years ago. It has helped Cuba garner symbolic capital (goodwill, influence, and prestige) well beyond what would have been possible for a small, developing country, and it has contributed to making Cuba a player on the world stage. In recent years, medical diplomacy has been instrumental in providing considerable material capital (aid, credit, and trade), as the oil-for-doctors deals with Venezuela demonstrates. This has helped keep the revolution afloat in trying economic times. What began as the implementation of the one of the core values of the revolution, namely health as a basic human right for all peoples, has continued as both an idealistic and a pragmatic pursuit. This article examines the factors that enabled Cuba to conduct medical diplomacy over the past fifty years, the rationale behind the conduct of this type of soft power politics, the results of that effort, and the mix of idealism and pragmatism that has characterized the experience. Moreover, it presents a typology of medical diplomacy that Cuba has used over the past fifty years.

  15. Increased sex ratio in Russia and Cuba after Chernobyl: a radiological hypothesis

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-01

    Background The ratio of male to female offspring at birth may be a simple and non-invasive way to monitor the reproductive health of a population. Except in societies where selective abortion skews the sex ratio, approximately 105 boys are born for every 100 girls. Generally, the human sex ratio at birth is remarkably constant in large populations. After the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in April 1986, a long lasting significant elevation in the sex ratio has been found in Russia, i.e. more boys or fewer girls compared to expectation were born. Recently, also for Cuba an escalated sex ratio from 1987 onward has been documented and discussed in the scientific literature. Presentation of the hypothesis By the end of the eighties of the last century in Cuba as much as about 60% of the food imports were provided by the former Soviet Union. Due to its difficult economic situation, Cuba had neither the necessary insight nor the political strength to circumvent the detrimental genetic effects of imported radioactively contaminated foodstuffs after Chernobyl. We propose that the long term stable sex ratio increase in Cuba is essentially due to ionizing radiation. Testing of the hypothesis A synoptic trend analysis of Russian and Cuban annual sex ratios discloses upward jumps in 1987. The estimated jump height from 1986 to 1987 in Russia measures 0.51% with a 95% confidence interval (0.28, 0.75), p value < 0.0001. In Cuba the estimated jump height measures 2.99% (2.39, 3.60), p value < 0.0001. The hypothesis may be tested by reconstruction of imports from the world markets to Cuba and by radiological analyses of remains in Cuba for Cs-137 and Sr-90. Implications of the hypothesis If the evidence for the hypothesis is strengthened, there is potential to learn about genetic radiation risks and to prevent similar effects in present and future exposure situations. PMID:23947741

  16. THE 2002 DIG TRAINING

    CERN Multimedia

    Mapelli, L.

    The Detector Interface Group organized this year a training program, divided in two sessions, for people wishing to learn how to use and customize the modern DAQ prototype used for test beam and laboratory data acquisition by several groups in ATLAS. This Data Acquisition prototype is an evolution of the DAQ/EF-1 prototype where some parts have been evolving for exploitation at the test beam first (Tilecal starting in 2000, Muon MDT in 2001 and Pixel in 2002) and later for laboratory tests (LAr starting in 2000, Muons MDT and TGC in 2001). The training sessions have been organized with the idea of building a detector data acquisition to read data from a detector crate and send the data over the Read Out Link to the remaining part of the DAQ. The first session took place last April 18th-19th. It was organized with some presentations and many hand-on exercises to learn how to build a DAQ configuration database and a controller to configure, control and steer the DAQ at the level of a hypothetic detector cra...

  17. Physics and Women: A Challenge Being Successfully Met in Cuba

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arias de Fuentes, Olimpia

    The history of physics in Cuba, like all the country's educational and scientific development, cannot be understood without taking into account its close relationship with the social changes that took place in Cuba during the five decades elapsed since 1959. This should include due consideration to the role played by women in this process, all the more since the link between science and gender is now generally regarded as a subject of growing special interest

  18. UCI2001: The updated catalogue of Italy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peresan, A.; Panza, G.F.

    2002-05-01

    A new updated earthquake catalogue for the Italian territory, named UCI2001, is described here; it consists of an updated and revised version of the CCI1996 catalogue (Peresan et al., 1997). The revision essentially corresponds to the incorporation of data from the NEIC (National Earthquake Information Centre) and ALPOR (Catalogo delle Alpi Orientali) catalogues, while the updating is performed using the NEIC Preliminary Determinations of Epicenters since 1986. A brief overview of the catalogues used for the monitoring of seismicity in the Italian area is provided, together with the essential information about the structure of the UCI2001 catalogue and a description of its format. A complete list of the events, as on May 1 2002, is given in the Appendix. (author)

  19. Radioactivity in food and the environment, 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-01-01

    This report contains the results of radiological monitoring of food and the environment throughout the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. The primary purpose of the monitoring programmes is to provide an independent check on the effects of discharges made by users of radioactive materials in the United Kingdom, and to ensure that any radioactivity present in food and the environment does not compromise public health.' For the first time, it represents a comprehensive summary of results across the United Kingdom from programmes sponsored by the Environment Agency, the Environment and Heritage Service, the Food Standards Agency and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency. The results of these monitoring programmes demonstrate that in 2002 even the most exposed members of the public received radiation doses from food and other pathways that were below the statutory United Kingdom annual dose limit to members of the public of 1 mSv (millisievert), European Union limits and Government targets. Assessed doses at all major sites in the United Kingdom are shown in Figure S and are detailed in the Summary Table. The highest radiation doses were received by a group of high-rate consumers offish and shellfish in Cumbria. The doses received by these consumers are a combination of contributions from liquid discharges from both Sellafield and from radioactivity in the environment as a result of past discharges from the Rhodia Consumer Specialties Ltd. (formerly Albright and Wilson) plant at Whitehaven. The dose to these high-rate consumers (including external doses) from Sellafield discharges was estimated to be 0.19 mSv in 2002 compared with 0.15 mSv in 2001. Concentrations in food and dose rates were largely unchanged in 2002 though there were some small increases in concentrations of tritium, carbon-14 and technetium-99 in seafood. The main reason for the increase in dose was an increase in the amount of seafood eaten. This group also received an

  20. Estudio de la concentración microbiana del aire en depósitos del Archivo Nacional de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sofía Flavia Borrego Alonso

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Actualmente el estudio de la microbiota en ambientes interiores es de interés para los especialistas, pues los microorganismos pueden provocar afectaciones a la salud de las personas y causar el biodeterioro de colecciones valiosas. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron: determinar la concentración microbiana del aire en depósitos del Archivo Nacional de Cuba, realizar la identificación taxonómica de los hongos aislados y definir el riesgo potencial que ellos representan para el biodeterioro del patrimonio documental y la salud del personal. El muestreo microbiológico se realizó en verano e invierno y en 6 depósitos, empleando un método de sedimentación. Para aislar hongos y bacterias se emplearon placas de Petri con medios de cultivo adecuados que se colocaron por triplicado a 3m de altura. Se determinó cualitativamente la actividad celulolítica, la producción de pigmentos y de ácidos a los hongos aislados. La microbiota viable total fue mayor en invierno que en verano, siendo la concentración bacteriana significativamente superior en esta estación (sequía en tanto que la fúngica es más elevada en verano. Los géneros fúngicos que predominaron en invierno fueron Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Curvularia y Alternaria, mientras que en verano prevaleció Cladosporium y se aislaron los géneros Fusarium, Mucor y Chrysonilia que llegaron a alcanzar niveles significativos en algunos depósitos. Los hongos aislados degradaron celulosa, produjeron pigmentos y ácidos. Asimismo, se evidenció que pueden provocar estados alérgicos y enfermedades respiratorias a las personas. Con relación a las bacterias del aire, predominaron las Gram positivas y se identificaron los géneros Enterobacter, Hafnia, Serratia, Streptomyces, Bacillus, Streptococcus y Staphylococcus. De igual manera, se detectó que las bacterias identificadas son capaces de producir afectaciones a la salud del personal.

  1. Evaluación de la bioseguridad del protocolo de extracción de ADN para especies del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis implementado en el Instituto Nacional de Salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wellman Ribón

    2009-12-01

    Conclusión. Se determinó que el protocolo de extracción de ADN descrito por van Soolingen et al. (2002 e implementado en el Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia, es seguro para el personal de laboratorio y el medio ambiente.

  2. Administración estratégica local y su repercusión en la participación social en Salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oneida Terazón Miclín

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio de evaluación educativa para determinar la repercusión de la administración estratégica local sobre la participación social en los sistemas locales de salud, con vistas a lo cual se entrevistó a todos los médicos y enfermeras de la familia de los policlínicos "28 de Septiembre" y "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay"; así como a los miembros de los consejos populares de los distritos "Antonio Maceo" y "26 de Julio" de Santiago de Cuba durante 1996. Los actores sociales sectoriales y extrasectoriales veían la participación social y comunitaria ligada al análisis de los problemas sanitarios y la gestión de soluciones para éstos, es decir, como colaborativa. En el proceso de identificación de problemas y establecimiento de prioridades no se aplicaba el método de Hanlon, aunque era conocido por ellos, y se encontraron diferentes formas de participación social que permitieron solucionar numerosos problemas, aunque no se empleaba el enfoque de riesgo en el análisis de la situación de salud. Se concluye que el desconocimiento sobre cómo debe ser la participación social y comunitaria constituye un freno para que se lleve a cabo, e impide que la comunidad adquiera conciencia de su responsabilidad en el cuidado de su salud. Se recomienda incrementar la capacitación sobre esta temática para profesionales de la salud y actores sociales extrasectoriales.A study of educative evaluation was carried out to determine the repercussion of the strategic local administration on the social participation in the local health systems. To this end, all the family physicians and nurses from the "28 de Septiembre" and "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay" polyclinics and the members of people’s councils of the "Antonio Maceo" and "26 de Julio" districts, in Santiago de Cuba, were interviewed during 1996. The sectorial and extrasectorial social actors considered that the social and community participation was linked to the analysis of the health problems

  3. Hacia el seguimiento de los determinantes sociales de la salud: alcances y limitaciones de las estadísticas de defunción en la Argentina (2001- 2009 / Towards the monitoring of the social determinants of health: the scope and limitations of death statistics in Argentina (2001-2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno S. Ribott

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: describir la precisión de las variables sobre estratificación social del fallecido y el impacto de factores personales, profesionales e institucionales en la exactitud de los datos de las estadísticas de defunción producidas entre los años 2001 y 2009 en la Argentina. Metodología: estudio descriptivo que utiliza las bases de datos de la Dirección de Estadísticas e Información de Salud de la Argentina. Se realiza un análisis estadístico descriptivo para determinar el nivel y la tendencia en la precisión de las variables seleccionadas y regresiones logísticas para determinar la influencia de diferentes factores en la exactitud de la información. Resultados: se verifican niveles de precisión excelentes (dos variables, regulares (dos variables y malos (cuatro variables. Los dos primeros grupos tienden a mantener o mejorar su situación a lo largo del tiempo, mientras que el tercero tiende a empeorarla. La inexactitud de la mayoría de las variables mostró una elevada asociación con ciertas regiones de residencia, etapas del ciclo vital, tipos de establecimientos de salud y modalidades de atención y certificación médica. Discusión: el uso de las estadísticas de defunción para el seguimiento de los determinantes sociales de la salud exige el mejoramiento de la exactitud de las variables sobre estratificación social del fallecido. Se recomienda implementar campañas de sensibilización, mejorar la capacitación de los médicos, actualizar los mecanismos de control de calidad e incrementar la infraestructura física y organizacional. Objective: to describe the accuracy of the social stratification variables that are related to the deceased, as well as the impact of personal, professional and institutional factors on the accuracy of the data generated through death statistics in Argentina from 2001-2009. Methodology: a descriptive study using the databases of Argentina’s Department of Health Statistics and Information

  4. Medio Ambiente y Salud: perspectivas desde la gestión de salud pública

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José María Martín Moreno

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available El impacto que sobre la salud tiene el medio ambiente constituye un área de interés primordial en el ámbito de la Salud Pública. Las competencias del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo en materia de Salud Ambiental están operativamente delimitadas en el marco de las actuaciones de la Dirección General de Salud Pública (DGSP. En este artículo se examinan de forma sintética algunos de los principales riesgos ambientales y su efecto en la salud, haciendo referencia al papel de la DGSP en esos temas. Así, se revisan aspectos tales como la contaminación del aire, la seguridad química, el control sanitario de las aguas, la protección radiológica del paciente, los campos electromagnéticos de muy baja frecuencia, la exposición a campos de radiofrecuencias (telefonía móvil, o las crisis generadas por temas ambientales recientes. Por otra parte, se analizan brevemente las políticas de salud ambiental en el marco europeo e internacional y la coordinación institucional de este terreno en España. Además se exploran aspectos relativos a la gestión del riesgo y el principio de precaución. Por último, se avanza de manera preliminar algunas líneas del denominado “Plan de cooperación y armonización en el ámbito de la Salud Pública en España”, para la vertebración de las acciones de las Administraciones Públicas en este ámbito, teniendo en cuenta que este Plan está ideado para realizarse en estrecha coordinación no sólo con las CCAA y entidades locales, sino también con los diferentes agentes sociales, sociedades científicas y asociaciones profesionales, todo ello con la idea de buscar, desde una visión integral de la Salud Pública, la coordinación de sistemas de información epidemiológica, de prevención de enfermedades, y de promoción y protección de la salud.

  5. La Escuela saludable, la Transversalidad y los centros escolares promotores de salud

    OpenAIRE

    Gavidia Catalán, Valentín; Rodes Sala, María José

    1998-01-01

    El presente artículo muestra la evolución de la escuela en su contribución a la Educación para la Salud de niños y jóvenes. De una primera concepción tradicional, se pasa a enfocar la EpS con una perspectiva holística de la salud que engloba las dimensiones física, psicológica y social. Bajo estos principios se definen las características de «la escuela saludable». La necesidad de abordar el concepto de «transversal» ofrece a los centros escolares, la posibilidad de desarrollar un gradiente d...

  6. La divulgación de la información de salud: un reto entre sectores implicados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C Peñafiel Saiz

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación financiada sobre la información de salud y la responsabilidad de los diferentes sectores implicados en el ejercicio de esta divulgación. Objetivos. Los objetivos son descubrir si se consigue una información educativa, de rigor y de calidad en la prensa vasca, analizar las informaciones de salud y reflexionar sobre el trabajo que realizan los periodistas en el ámbito de la salud y su relación con los/as facultativos/as. Metodología. Se han desarrollado técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. Se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de la prensa vasca entre los años 2001-2010: El Correo, Noticias de Gipuzkoa, Noticias de Álava, Diario de Navarra y Berria. Un total de 30.311 periódicos que se han editado en las dos comunidades en diez años. Se ha procedido a la recolección de datos desde la técnica de la ‘semana compuesta’. El estudio cualitativo se ha realizado a través de entrevistas en profundidad a expertos/as durante 2012: periodistas que habitualmente publican informaciones de salud en los diarios señalados y directores/as de centros sanitarios del País Vasco y Navarra. Conclusión. Este estudio plantea que la información de salud carece de perspectiva educativa; que se necesita una especialización profesional y que médicos y periodistas tienen que fortalecer una mejor relación minimizando las diferencias que les separan.

  7. De ciudades saludables a ciudades sostenibles: la experiencia de Castilla-La Mancha en la Agenda Local 21

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Santamarta Álvarez

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available La cumbre de la Tierra celebrada en Río de Janeiro, en 1992, hace un llamamiento a las autoridades locales para que elaboren la Agenda 21 Local. Posteriormente, la I Conferencia Europea de Ciudades Sostenibles, celebrada en Aalborg en 1994, crea la Campaña de Ciudades Europeas Sostenibles.En Castilla-La Mancha se había creado ya en 1991 la Red de Ciudades Saludables de Castilla-La Mancha. En un principio esta red estaba formada por nueve ciudades que se comprometieron a desarrollar el proyecto de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, Ciudades Saludables. Durante los 12 años de la Red de Ciudades Saludables se editaron nueve boletines, se realizaron cinco congresos regionales y se presentó el libro La Red de Ciudades Saludables de Castilla-La Mancha 1991-2002. Esta red llegó a tener 100 municipios integrados, que eran gestionados por 30 coordinadores.Con la creación, en el año 2003, de la Consejería de Medio Ambiente, la red se transformó e integró en la Red de Ciudades y Pueblos Sostenibles de Castilla-La Mancha. En la actual Red se suman la larga experiencia de la Red de Ciudades Saludables de Castilla-La Mancha con la más reciente de la Federación Española de Municipios y Provincias (FEMP y Diputaciones Provinciales, dando lugar a la creación de una red de ciudades y pueblos sostenibles con unas características propias y con un crecimiento extraordinario que la ha situado como uno de los proyectos más importantes en materia de desarrollo sostenible a nivel regional y una experiencia pionera a nivel nacional.

  8. Salud ambiental: conceptos y actividades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gonzalo A. Ordóñez

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available La finalidad del trabajo es aportar información y propuestas conceptuales que faciliten la tarea de quienes tienen a su cargo la sistematización institucional de la salud ambiental. Se hace un análisis de la noción de "ambiente" para la cual se sugiere una definición, y se examina el lugar de la salud ambiental en el contexto de los problemas ambientales y sus vertientes "verde" y "azul". Se examinan denominaciones equivalentes de salud ambiental y se introducen los servicios de salud ambiental. Se proporcionan varias definiciones y se da la oficial de salud ambiental adoptada por la OMS en Sofía, Bulgaria (1993. A continuación se transcriben las áreas básicas que a la salud ambiental le han asignado diversas organizaciones o reuniones, como la OPS, la OMS, el Programa 21 y otros. A partir de aquí se construye un repertorio bastante completo de áreas y subáreas y se encuentra que todos los listados son, en realidad, una reunión asistemática de tres tipos de constituyentes: determinantes (factores o hechos de la realidad física, procesos (conjuntos de intervenciones y funciones (conjuntos de acciones de gestión, los cuales pueden enfocarse matricialmente y llevan a individualizar actividades de los servicios de salud ambiental. Se proponen unas reglas de operación que permiten, en una especie de álgebra, construir expresiones para especificar con precisión las actividades y sus agregados. De este modo se logra disponer de un lenguaje simbólico común que puede ayudar a la intercomunicación, enseñanza e investigación en el ámbito de la salud ambiental.

  9. Factores sociales y salud infantil asociados con la vejez Childhood health and social factors associated to elderly morbidity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teresita Elisa Ruiz-Pantoja

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar si el estado de salud de la vejez en México al inicio del siglo XXI está asociado con las condiciones sociales y de salud vividas en la infancia, diferenciando por sexo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron personas que sobrevivieron a condiciones adversas durante la infancia y en los siguientes años, originarias de medios rurales donde los servicios básicos eran escasos, lo que provocó elevadas tasas de mortalidad infantil a causa de enfermedades infecciosas o parasitarias. Se utilizó como fuente de información el Estudio Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México 2001, y el modelo de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Los estilos de vida de la infancia y la etapa adulta no son independientes, sino que interactúan y definen conjuntamente la morbilidad adquirida en las edades mayores. CONCLUSIÓN: La escolaridad de los padres y las características de la vivienda de la infancia aparecen como factores protectores importantes, aunque estas conclusiones no pueden generalizarse.OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determinate if health status of the elderly in Mexico at the beginning of the 21st. Century is associated to earlier social and health conditions during child-hood, including sex differences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research was conducted using survey data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS 2001. RESULTS: Linear regression models point out that life styles during childhood and adulthood are not independent, both influencing morbidity in elderly years. CONCLUSION: Parents' education and household characteristics through childhood represent main protection factors; however, this finding cannot be generalized.

  10. Chinook Salmon Adult Abundance Monitoring in Lake Creek, Idaho, 2002 Annual Report.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Faurot, Dave; Kucera, Paul

    2003-11-01

    Underwater time- lapse video technology has been used to monitor adult spring and summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) escapement into the Secesh River and Lake Creek, Idaho, since 1998. Underwater time-lapse videography is a passive methodology that does not trap or handle this Endangered Species Act listed species. Secesh River chinook salmon represent a wild spawning aggregate that has not been directly supplemented with hatchery fish. The Secesh River is also a control stream under the Idaho Salmon Supplementation study. This project has successfully demonstrated the application of underwater video monitoring to accurately quantify chinook salmon abundance in Lake Creek in 1998, 1999, 2001 and 2002. The adult salmon spawner escapement into Lake Creek in 2002 was 410 fish. Jack salmon comprised 7.1 percent of the run. Estimated hatchery composition was 6.1 percent of the spawning run. The first fish passage on Lake Creek was recorded on June 26, 15 days after installation of the fish counting station. Peak net upstream movement of 41 adults occurred on July 8. Peak of total movement activity was August 18. The last fish passed through the Lake Creek fish counting station on September 2. Snow pack in the drainage was 91% of the average during the winter of 2001/2002. Video determined salmon spawner abundance was compared to redd count expansion method point estimates in Lake Creek in 2002. Expanded index area redd count and extensive area redd count point estimates in 2002, estimated from one percent fewer to 56 percent greater number of spawners than underwater video determined spawner abundance. Redd count expansion methods varied from two percent fewer to 55 percent greater in 2001, 11 to 46 percent fewer in 1999 and 104 to 214 percent greater in 1998. Redd count expansion values had unknown variation associated with the point estimates. Fish per redd numbers determined by video abundance and multiple pass redd counts of the larger extensive survey

  11. Especies nuevas del género Gibberula (Mollusca: Cystiscidae de Cuba y Venezuela New species of the genus Gibberula (Mollusca: Cystiscidae from Cuba and Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Espinosa

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Se describen 3 especies nuevas de moluscos marinos: Gibberula palmasola sp. n., recolectada en la vegetación asociada a rocas rodeadas de sedimentos blandos en una laguna costera cercada por mangle en la península de Guanahacabibes, Cuba, y caracterizada por presentar, el animal vivo, la cabeza negra y una distribución típica de bandas negras y pardas con lunares anaranjados en el manto bajo la concha; Gibberula dosmosquises sp. n., recolectada en fondos rocosos del Caribe insular de Venezuela, se caracteriza por una discreta coloración del manto y un patrón de manchas en el pie, y Gibberula thetisae sp. n, proveniente de los pastos marinos del golfo de Batabanó, Cuba, con 3 pliegues en la columela, el último muy débil, y un labio externo casi cortante, caracteres que permiten separarla de todas las demás especies conocidas en el área antillana, aunque se desconozca la anatomía del animal. Se discute la lista de especies válidas del género para Cuba y Venezuela, y se hacen adiciones y consideraciones al complejo de especies en torno a Gibberula ubitaensis Espinosa y Ortea, 2000.Three new species of marine molluscs are described. Gibberula palmasola new species, collected in vegetation associated with rocks surrounded by soft sediments in a coastal lagoon surrounded by mangroves in Guanahacabibes Peninsula, Cuba, and characterized by a black head and typical distribution of black and brown bands and orange spots in the mantle. Gibberula dosmosquises new species, collected in rocky bottoms of a Caribbean island from Venezuela, characterized by a simple staining in the mantle and a pattern of spots on the foot, and Gibberula thetisae new species, from sea grass in the gulf of Batabano, Cuba, with shell having 3 columellar folds, the last very weak, and a sharp outer lip; although, its anatomy is not known, these conchological characters separate it from all other known species in the Antilles. Aditionally, the list of valid species

  12. Political economy of internet : penetration in Finland and Sweden (1995-2001) / Meelis Kitsing

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kitsing, Meelis

    2002-01-01

    Kaanel ajak. ilmumisaeg 2001/2002. Vaba turumajanduse lipulaeva Ameerika Ühendriikide kõrval on samavõrd hästi arenenud infomajandus Põhjamaades. Soome ja Rootsi majandusmudeli puhul on riigi poliitika ülesanne toetada kohanemist muutuvate majandusoludega

  13. Cuba: Issues for the 109th Congress

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Sullivan, Mark P

    2006-01-01

    Since the early 1960s, U.S. policy toward Cuba under Fidel Castro has consisted largely of isolating the communist nation through comprehensive economic sanctions, which have been significantly tightened by the Bush Administration...

  14. Coyuntura económica, procesos demográficos y salud. La experiencia cubana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rolando García Quiñones

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumen A partir de la relación entre la población y el desarrollo, el presente trabajo tiene el propósito de examinar el impacto de la coyuntura económica sobre los procesos demográficos y la salud, a la luz de la experiencia cubana. Igualmente, señala la significación de las políticas públicas, de protección social y las potencialidades de la respuesta social organizada en economías emergentes, como es el caso de Cuba. Se retoma el impacto socio demográfico de la crisis de los años noventa del siglo XX. Para ello se hace hincapié en el análisis de algunos grupos como las mujeres y las familias, portadores de rasgos que los pueden hacer vulnerables en determinados contextos. Se señala la respuesta social que se evidenció ante tales consecuencias. También se hace un discernimiento entre manifestaciones socio demográficas que pueden ser el resultado de una transición demográfica muy avanzada o del impacto de coyunturas económicas adversas. Entre ellas se destacan la reducción de los niveles de fecundidad, la incidencia del aborto y patrones de uniones maritales. Finalmente, se reflejan algunos fragmentos de relatos pertenecientes a un estudio de caso realizado en Ciudad de La Habana durante los años 2006 y 2007. Con ello se intenta mostrar rasgos presentes en las decisiones individuales de cuidados de salud. Abstract From the relationship between population and development, this paper aims to examine the impact of economic conditions on demographic processes and health, in light of the Cuban experience. Also notes the significance of public policy, social protection and the potential of organized social response in emerging economies, as is the case of Cuba. Socio demographic impact of the crisis of the nineties of the twentieth century is resumed. For this, emphasis is made on the analysis of some groups such as women and families, carriers of traits that can make them vulnerable in certain contexts. The social response

  15. micropolítica del trabajo en salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emerson Elias Merhy

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo presenta las bases conceptuales de la política de educación en salud desarrollada por el Ministerio de Salud en Brasil entre enero de 2003 y julio de 2005; rescatando sintéticamente la historia de la construcción del Sistema Único de Salud (el sistema nacional de salud en Brasil y de los principales retos para su consolidación, entre ellos los cambios en las maneras de producir las políticas y las prácticas de salud. Se presenta además un debate sobre la construcción del concepto de Educación Permanente en Salud y una discusión sobre la naturaleza del trabajo en salud y su composición tecnológica, así como de la dinámica institucional de su constitución, trayendo el plan de la micropolítica como elemento fundamental para la comprensión y transformación de las prácticas de salud.

  16. Dinámica de la fuerza de trabajo en Cuba 1846-1931 (II

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Orestes Gárciga Gárciga

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available En «Dinámica de la fuerza de trabajo en Cuba 1846-1931» se estudia el procesamiento de los datos estadísticos que, acerca de la actividad laboral de la población, presentaron los censos de 1846, 1862, 1899, 1907, 1919 y 1931. Debido a su extensión, la obra ha sido dividida en tres partes para ser publicada en Novedades en Población. El presente artículo examina la evolución de la fuerza de trabajo en Cuba de 1846 a 1931, a través de diversas clasificaciones internacionales empleadas en estos estudios, y da continuidad a «Dinámica de la fuerza de trabajo en Cuba 1846-1931 (I», incluido en el número anterior de la revista (Año 9, Número 17, 2013. Abstract In «Dynamic of the workforce in Cuba 1846-1931» is studied the processing of statistical data showed by the 1846, 1862, 1899, 1907, 1919 and 1931 censuses about labor activity of the population. Due to its extension, this work has been divided in three parts so it can be published in Novedades en Población (News on Population. The current paper reviews the evolution of the work force in Cuba from 1846 to 1931, taking to account diverse international classifications used in this studies. It is the continuation of «Dynamic of the workforce in Cuba 1846-1931 (I», included in the previous number of this magazine.

  17. Nuclear safety review for the year 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2003-08-01

    The Nuclear Safety Review reports on worldwide efforts to strengthen nuclear, radiation and transport safety and the safety of radioactive waste management. The final version of the Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2002 was prepared in the light of the discussion by the Board of Governors in March 2002. This report presents an overview of the current issues and trends in nuclear, radiation, transport and radioactive waste safety at the end of 2002. This overview is supported by a more detailed factual account of safety-related events and issues worldwide during 2002. National authorities and the international community continued to reflect and act upon the implications of the events of II September 2001 for nuclear, radiation, transport and waste safety. In the light of this, the Agency has decided to transfer the organizational unit on nuclear security from the Department of Safeguards to the Department of Nuclear Safety (which thereby becomes the Department of Nuclear Safety and Security). By better exploiting the synergies between safety and security and promoting further cross-fertilization of approaches, the Agency is trying to help build up mutually reinforcing global regimes of safety and security. However, the Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2002 addresses only those areas already in the safety programme. This short analytical overview is supported by a second part (corresponding to Part I of the Nuclear Safety Reviews of previous years), which describes significant safety-related events and issues worldwide during 2002. A Draft Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2002 was submitted to the March 2003 session of the Board of Governors in document GOV/2003/6.

  18. Nuclear safety review for the year 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-08-01

    The Nuclear Safety Review reports on worldwide efforts to strengthen nuclear, radiation and transport safety and the safety of radioactive waste management. The final version of the Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2002 was prepared in the light of the discussion by the Board of Governors in March 2002. This report presents an overview of the current issues and trends in nuclear, radiation, transport and radioactive waste safety at the end of 2002. This overview is supported by a more detailed factual account of safety-related events and issues worldwide during 2002. National authorities and the international community continued to reflect and act upon the implications of the events of II September 2001 for nuclear, radiation, transport and waste safety. In the light of this, the Agency has decided to transfer the organizational unit on nuclear security from the Department of Safeguards to the Department of Nuclear Safety (which thereby becomes the Department of Nuclear Safety and Security). By better exploiting the synergies between safety and security and promoting further cross-fertilization of approaches, the Agency is trying to help build up mutually reinforcing global regimes of safety and security. However, the Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2002 addresses only those areas already in the safety programme. This short analytical overview is supported by a second part (corresponding to Part I of the Nuclear Safety Reviews of previous years), which describes significant safety-related events and issues worldwide during 2002. A Draft Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2002 was submitted to the March 2003 session of the Board of Governors in document GOV/2003/6

  19. Cuba's transition to market-based energy prices

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Perez-Lopez, J.F.

    1992-01-01

    Since 1960 the Soviet Union has been, for all practical purposes, Cuba's exclusive supplier of energy products. For certain time periods, Soviet sales of oil and oil products to Cuba were made at concessional prices; prior to 1991, they were priced using transferable rubles and were essentially bartered for Cuban goods, especially sugar. Effective January 1, 1991, the Soviet Union shifted to world market prices and convertible currency payments for all traded commodities, including energy products. The shift to market prices and convertible currencies in Cuban-Soviet energy trade has already brought - or is likely to bring - a number of adjustments in four areas: (1) the trade balance; (2) the ability to reexport oil and oil products; (3) energy consumption patterns; (4) and the structure of energy supplies. 33 refs., 8 tabs

  20. A review of the genus Berosus Leach of Cuba (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deler-Hernández, Albert; Fikáček, Martin; Cala-Riquelme, Franklyn

    2013-01-01

    Abstract The Cuban fauna of the genus Berosus Leach, 1817 is reviewed based on newly collected material as well as historical and type specimens. Nine species are recognized, including three recorded from Cuba for the first time: Berosus infuscatus LeConte, 1855, Berosus interstitialis Knisch, 1924 (= Berosus stribalus Orchymont, 1946 syn. n.) and Berosus metalliceps Sharp, 1882. Only one of the nine Cuban species, Berosus chevrolati, remains endemic to Cuba, as two other species previously considered as endemic to Cuba are recorded from elsewhere: Berosus quadridens from Mexico and Central America and Berosus trilobus from the Dominican Republic. Notes on biology and Cuban distribution are provided for all nine species. Berosus quadridens Chevrolat, 1863, stat. restit. is removed from synonym with Berosus truncatipennis and considered a valid species. PMID:23794806

  1. Estrés en la actividad administrativa de enfermería: consecuencias para la salud

    OpenAIRE

    Jorge Luiz Lima da Silva; Rejane Sidnéia Freitas Bezerra dos Santos; Felipe dos Santos Costa; Rodrigo Pereira Costa Taveira; Liliane Reis Teixeira

    2013-01-01

    Las actividades realizadas por los enfermeros incluyen las funciones de asistencia y administración que pueden generar sobrecarga de trabajo. Objetivo: describir los factores que causan estrés en las tareas administrativas de los enfermeros y reflexionar sobre sus implicaciones para la salud de este profesional. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo que utilizó como fuente de información la revisión de la literatura, con trabajos publicados entre 2001 a 2011, para la construcción de la di...

  2. Evaluación ambiental del río San Juan de Santiago de Cuba por exposición bioacumulativa a metales pesados Environmental evaluation of San Juan river in Santiago de Cuba due to bioaccumulative exposure to heavy metals

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    George Argota Pérez

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó la salud ambiental del río San Juan de Santiago de Cuba, expuesto a metales pesados, mediante la utilización de la especie biorreguladora Gambusia punctata. Se analizaron 271 individuos adultos clasificados por sexo, para lo cual se escogieron los intervalos de clases de edades 2,1-3,0 y 3,1-4,0 cm, según la longitud total, respectivamente. La mezcla ácida aplicada estuvo compuesta por ácido perclórico - ácido sulfúrico; (7:1 ácido nítrico para determinar los niveles bioacumulados en hígado, branquias y cerebro como órganos diana. Los metales analizados: cobre, zinc, plomo y cadmio, se cuantificaron mediante espectrometría por plasma inductivamente acoplado con vista axial. Se hallaron diferencias significativas (pThe environmental health of San Juan river in Santiago de Cuba, exposed to heavy metals was evaluated by means of the bioregulatory species Gambusia punctata. Two hundred and seventy five adults were analyzed and classified by sex, for whom the intervals of age classes 2.1-3.0 and 3.1-4.0 cm were chosen, according to the total longitude, respectively. The applied acid mixture was composed by perchloric acid - sulphuric acid; (7:1 nitric acid to determine the bioaccumulated levels in liver, branchiae and brain as target organs. The analyzed metals: copper, zinc, lead and cadmium, were quantified by means of spectrometry by plasma inductively coupled with axial view. There were significant differences (p <0.05 in the bioaccumulated values between intervals and sexes. It was concluded that the levels of bioaccumulated heavy metals overcame the permissible values, so that they represent an environmental risk in the quality of those waters.

  3. Comportamiento epidemiologico del cáncer de colon en el área metropolitana de cúcuta 2001-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alix Bohorquez-Ortiz

    2004-07-01

    Full Text Available In order to identify characteristics and epidemiological risk factors prevalent for colon cancer in the adult population Cucuta, this study is development of type descriptive, cross-sectional prospective. The study population consisted of 37 Patients with this diagnosis who attended the public and private institutions municipal health Cucuta (N. S. in the period 2001 2002. It found that the risk increases with age, most affected is the female sex, history Family of colon cancer in other organs, polyposis and ulcerative colitis occurred in 5.4 10 patients of the study. They were identified as dietary risk factors high consumption of beef, sausages intake of food, reuse in cooking oils of food and consumption of reheated meals. Is widely used in diet refined flour corn for the production and consumption of arepas. Risk factors in the lifestyle that They were presented with the highest percentage sedentary lifestyle and smoking, followed by consumption alcohol and obesity. A high percentage say they have had constipation or diarrhea symptoms. 50% report Self-medication for the management of these symptoms, using both pharmacologic agents as the use of folk medicine. as conditions precursor are rectal bleeding with 73%, weight loss with 63.6%, followed by hemorrhoids and anemia with 36.4%. Were found long periods of disease progression before the diagnosis was defined.

  4. Political economy of internet : penetration in Finland and Sweden (1995-2001) / Meelis Kitsing

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kitsing, Meelis

    2001-01-01

    Kaanel ajak. ilmumisaeg Winter 2001/2002. Vaba turumajanduse lipulaeva Ameerika Ühendriikide kõrval on samavõrd hästi arenenud infomajandus Põhjamaades. Soome ja Rootsi majandusmudeli puhul on riigi poliitika ülesanne toetada kohanemist muutuvate majandusoludega

  5. Phylodynamics of the HIV-1 epidemic in Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Delatorre, Edson; Bello, Gonzalo

    2013-01-01

    Previous studies have shown that the HIV-1 epidemic in Cuba displayed a complex molecular epidemiologic profile with circulation of several subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRF); but the evolutionary and population history of those viral variants remains unknown. HIV-1 pol sequences of the most prevalent Cuban lineages (subtypes B, C and G, CRF18_cpx, CRF19_cpx, and CRFs20/23/24_BG) isolated between 1999 and 2011 were analyzed. Maximum-likelihood analyses revealed multiple introductions of subtype B (n≥66), subtype C (n≥10), subtype G (n≥8) and CRF18_cpx (n≥2) viruses in Cuba. The bulk of HIV-1 infections in this country, however, was caused by dissemination of a few founder strains probably introduced from North America/Europe (clades B(CU-I) and B(CU-II)), east Africa (clade C(CU-I)) and central Africa (clades G(CU), CRF18(CU) and CRF19(CU)), or locally generated (clades CRFs20/23/24_BG). Bayesian-coalescent analyses show that the major HIV-1 founder strains were introduced into Cuba during 1985-1995; whereas the CRFs_BG strains emerged in the second half of the 1990s. Most HIV-1 Cuban clades appear to have experienced an initial period of fast exponential spread during the 1990s and early 2000s, followed by a more recent decline in growth rate. The median initial growth rate of HIV-1 Cuban clades ranged from 0.4 year⁻¹ to 1.6 year⁻¹. Thus, the HIV-1 epidemic in Cuba has been a result of the successful introduction of a few viral strains that began to circulate at a rather late time of the AIDS pandemic, but then were rapidly disseminated through local transmission networks.

  6. Descubriendo una falla trágica en las políticas revolucionarias de salud: Desde las inequidades en salud y comunicación a la justicia comunicativa en salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Charles L. Briggs

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza una contradicción enfrentada por los gobiernos de izquierda de América Latina en sus esfuerzos por transformar la salud en un derecho social fundamental. Las políticas y prácticas que confrontan las desigualdades en salud, en general, no llegan a dirigirse a las inequidades en salud y comunicación; las distribuciones jerárquicas de los derechos dan forma al conocimiento legítimo en salud. El artículo presenta un análisis etnográfico sobre la epidemia de una enfermedad misteriosa –identificada clínicamente como rabia trasmitida por murciélagos– en la selva del Delta Amacuro en Venezuela, en 2007-2008, centrado en cómo los padres y las madres que perdieron entre 1 y 3 hijos e hijas lidian con inequidades agudas en salud y comunicación en entornos clínicos, investigaciones epidemiológicas, trabajo con sanadores/as, la cobertura de las noticias, las políticas de salud y la comunicación en salud. A partir de demandas por parte de los y las residentes de la selva por una justicia comunicativa en salud, el análisis utiliza la noción de autoatención propuesta por Menéndez para explorar cómo la labor en salud y comunicación se coproduce con la labor de cuidado.

  7. Masculinities studies in eastern Cuba: imaginaries significations. Estudios de masculinidades en la región oriental de Cuba: develando imaginarios. Estudios de masculinidades en la región oriental de Cuba: develando imaginarios.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise Regina Quaresma da Silva

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available In this paper we approached a study about masculinities imaginaries significations in eastern Cuba. Firstly, we rescued relevant moments of the masculinities studies in the country and some theoretical contributions to understand the social production of the masculinities. Besides, we show the qualitative results from the groups with men.En este artículo abordamos un estudio sobre significaciones imaginarias en torno a las masculinidades en la región oriental de Cuba. Primeramente, rescatamos momentos relevantes del desarrollo de los estudios de masculinidades en el país y algunas contribuciones teóricos que consideramos necesarias para comprender la producción de las masculinidades. Presentamos, además, los resultados cualitativos que emergieron de grupos de discusión realizados con hombres.En este artículo abordamos un estudio sobre significaciones imaginarias en torno a las masculinidades en la región oriental de Cuba. Primeramente, rescatamos momentos relevantes del desarrollo de los estudios de masculinidades en el país y algunas contribuciones teóricos que consideramos necesarias para comprender la producción de las masculinidades. Presentamos, además, los resultados cualitativos que emergieron de grupos de discusión realizados con hombres.

  8. A New Look at U.S. Foreign Policy toward Cuba

    Science.gov (United States)

    1992-04-01

    profit. Stories abound that all the Burger King franchises are sold to Cuban exiles ( Burger King and McDonald Invasion). Many industries have granted...similar franchises in Cuba to those who have put money forth to attain those franchises .’ They also fear Cuban exiles will return ready to control the...the manufacturing of radios (FIGURE 22). 5. In the agricultural products area "sugar was not king ," largely due to Cuba’s failure to meet their 1990

  9. 75 FR 8791 - Continuation of the National Emergency Relating to Cuba and of the Emergency Authority Relating...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-02-25

    ... to Cuba and of the Emergency Authority Relating to the Regulation of the Anchorage and Movement of... February 23, 2010 Continuation of the National Emergency Relating to Cuba and of the Emergency Authority....-registered civilian aircraft in international airspace north of Cuba. On February 26, 2004, by Proclamation...

  10. Estrategia de educación popular para promover la participación comunitaria en la prevención del dengue en Cuba A community education strategy to promote participation in dengue prevention in Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lizet Sánchez

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Documentar el proceso y analizar los resultados de la aplicación de una estrategia dirigida a aumentar la participación comunitaria en la lucha contra el mosquito vector del dengue. MÉTODOS: Entre mayo de 2002 y mayo de 2004 se aplicó una intervención para transformar la acción social contra el dengue en tres circunscripciones del municipio Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Se conformó un grupo de aprendizaje y grupos de trabajo comunitario (GTC en las localidades. Se siguió un modelo de educación popular que conjugaba la puesta en práctica de las acciones previstas con sesiones de reflexión y aprendizaje a partir de los resultados y la reformulación del trabajo para las etapas subsiguientes. Se desarrollaron diagnósticos comunitarios, acciones preventivas, de comunicación, vigilancia y evaluación. Los cambios en la participación se identificaron mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido de documentos y entrevistas a informantes clave. RESULTADOS: El trabajo comunitario avanzó de acuerdo con las capacidades y los intereses de cada comunidad con enfoques de trabajo diferentes: de comunidad saludable, de riesgo ambiental y de riesgo entomológico. Se constataron cambios positivos en el concepto de participación según las cinco dimensiones evaluadas: liderazgo, identificación de necesidades, organización, gestión y movilización de recursos. Al final de dos años de intervención, el índice de depósitos con larvas o pupas de Aedes aegypti por 100 viviendas inspeccionadas se redujo en 79% y no se detectaron casos de dengue en ninguna de las circunscripciones. CONCLUSIONES: La estrategia empleada permitió reducir el nivel de infestación con el mosquito vector mediante el aumento de la participación de la comunidad en la toma de decisiones, el fortalecimiento de las competencias de los equipos médicos y de los GTC para liderar procesos participativos en sus comunidades y la elevación de la confianza de los

  11. Algunos relatos sobre santería, magia y etnomedicina en Cuba

    OpenAIRE

    Carrascosa Palomera, Cruz

    2008-01-01

    Este artículo presenta una colección de relatos sobre santería, magia y etnomedicina en Cuba. Incluye información sobre ritos y prácticas de iniciación, de purificación, de curación. This paper offers a selection of stories about santería, magic and folk medicine in Cuba. Includes reports on iniciation, purification and curation rites and practices

  12. Ambiente y salud: Reflexiones sobre la interacción entre el Derecho Ambiental y el Derecho de la Salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gastón Casaux

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Desde el punto de vista sanitario se entiende por Ambiente “el conjunto de condiciones físicas, químicas biológicas, psicológicas, sociales, culturales y económicas en las que vive una población y sus interacciones”.Asu vez, la Salud Pública ha identificado al ambiente como un determinante de la salud, concibiéndolo como el de mayor significación del proceso salud/enfermedad.Por ende, puede llegar a constituirse en un entorno peligroso o saludable.La salud admite entonces cuatro influencias decisivas: el estilo de vida, la biología humana, el sistema de atención a la salud y el ambiente.Contenido: Caracteres. Organismos competentes. Código de Aguas. Competencias Municipales. Régimen legal de la Salud. Normas nacionales. Normas Internacionales. Normas MERCOSUR. Normas de Bioética

  13. Human thermal comfort conditions and urban planning in hot-humid climates-The case of Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodríguez Algeciras, José Abel; Coch, Helena; De la Paz Pérez, Guillermo; Chaos Yeras, Mabel; Matzarakis, Andreas

    2016-08-01

    Climate regional characteristics, urban environmental conditions, and outdoors thermal comfort requirements of residents are important for urban planning. Basic studies of urban microclimate can provide information and useful resources to predict and improve thermal conditions in hot-humid climatic regions. The paper analyzes the thermal bioclimate and its influence as urban design factor in Cuba, using Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET). Simulations of wind speed variations and shade conditions were performed to quantify changes in thermal bioclimate due to possible modifications in urban morphology. Climate data from Havana, Camagüey, and Santiago of Cuba for the period 2001 to 2012 were used to calculate PET with the RayMan model. The results show that changes in meteorological parameters influence the urban microclimate, and consequently modify the thermal conditions in outdoors spaces. Shade is the predominant strategy to improve urban microclimate with more significant benefits in terms of PET higher than 30 °C. For climatic regions such as the analyzed ones, human thermal comfort can be improved by a wind speed modification for thresholds of PET above 30 °C, and by a wind speed decreases in conditions below 26 °C. The improvement of human thermal conditions is crucial for urban sustainability. On this regards, our study is a contribution for urban designers, due to the possibility of taking advantage of results for improving microclimatic conditions based on urban forms. The results may enable urban planners to create spaces that people prefer to visit, and also are usable in the reconfiguration of cities.

  14. Estrés en la actividad administrativa de enfermería: consecuencias para la salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Luiz Lima da Silva

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Las actividades realizadas por los enfermeros incluyen las funciones de asistencia y administración que pueden generar sobrecarga de trabajo. Objetivo: describir los factores que causan estrés en las tareas administrativas de los enfermeros y reflexionar sobre sus implicaciones para la salud de este profesional. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo que utilizó como fuente de información la revisión de la literatura, con trabajos publicados entre 2001 a 2011, para la construcción de la discusión del texto reflexivo. Discusión: se fundamentó en la descripción de los factores causales de estrés en las tareas administrativas del personal de enfermería y sus consecuencias para los profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: las actividades de administrativas relacionadas a la planificación y gestión del personal de enfermería aumentan la carga de estrés que se suman a las tareas de cuidado. Esta situación perjudica a la salud y el bienestar en que se manifiesta a través del agotamiento físico, mental y trastornos psicosomáticos. Por lo expuesto, deben ser propuestas acciones que busquen mejores condiciones de trabajo y mitigar el estrés de los enfermeros en el ambiente del trabajo. Se perciben deficiencias que pueden ser perjudiciales para la calidad de vida de los trabajadores, hecho alarmante, en una realidad social en que la salud del trabajador ha sido considerada y valorada como derecho inalienable.

  15. DocSaludMental en netvibes

    OpenAIRE

    Onís, Ricardo

    2011-01-01

    DocSaludMental es un escritorio virtual que, a partir de la plataforma netvibes, permite el acceso a información especializada y actualizada mediante la sindicación de contenidos a todos los profesionales de la red de salud mental en el Principado de Asturias DocSaludMental is a virtual desktop that allows access to expert information and updated from content syndication to all professionals in the mental health network in the Principality of Asturias

  16. Tricontinental Routes of Solidarity: Stokely Carmichael in Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sarah Seidman

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Stokely Carmichael’s visit to Cuba for three weeks in the summer of 1967 illustrates a convergence in the transnational routes of the African American freedom struggle and the Cuban Revolution. African American activists saw Cuba as a model for resisting US power, eradicating racism, and enacting societal change, while the Cuban government considered African Americans allies against US imperialism and advocates of Cuba’s antiracist stance. Amidst racial violence in the United States and Cuba’s efforts to inspire revolution, Carmichael’s presence at the Organization of Latin American Solidarity conference in Havana—and in particular his interactions with Fidel Castro—caused ripples worldwide. A shared “tricontinental” vision that promoted unity in the Global South against imperialism, capitalism, and racism facilitated Carmichael’s solidarity with Castro. Yet divergent views on the role of race in fighting oppression limited their solidarity. Carmichael and Castro’s spectacular alliance demonstrated their personal affinity and ideological commonalities but did not result in an institutional alliance between the black liberation movement and the Cuban state. Instead Carmichael’s connection with the Cuban Revolution left an underexplored legacy. Examining Carmichael’s visit to Cuba illustrates the possibilities and pitfalls of transnational solidarity and furthers our understanding of postwar struggles for change.

  17. Ambiente y salud: Reflexiones sobre la interacción entre el Derecho Ambiental y el Derecho de la Salud

    OpenAIRE

    Gastón Casaux

    2014-01-01

    Desde el punto de vista sanitario se entiende por Ambiente “el conjunto de condiciones físicas, químicas biológicas, psicológicas, sociales, culturales y económicas en las que vive una población y sus interacciones”.Asu vez, la Salud Pública ha identificado al ambiente como un determinante de la salud, concibiéndolo como el de mayor significación del proceso salud/enfermedad.Por ende, puede llegar a constituirse en un entorno peligroso o saludable.La salud admite entonces cuatro influencias d...

  18. Student Support Funding for Higher Education Institutions, 2001-02. Report.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Higher Education Funding Council for England, Bristol.

    This publication provides information about the allocation of funds for student support to higher education institutions in England in 2001-2002 and requests monitoring information on the use of these funds. Student support funds include a variety of services to students, including fee waivers, help with living costs in some cases, and child care…

  19. Case Study in International Cooperation: Cuba's Molecular Immunology Center and Roswell Park Cancer Institute.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Evans, Rachel; Reid, Mary; Segal, Brahm; Abrams, Scott I; Lee, Kelvin

    2018-04-01

    In 1961, the USA severed diplomatic relations with Cuba, and in 1962 an embargo was imposed on trade and financial relations with that country. It was not until five decades later that the USA and Cuba would reestablish relations. This opened the way for the New York State Trade Mission to Cuba in April 2015, during which Cuba's Molecular Immunology Center and Buffalo, New York's Roswell Park Cancer Institute signed a formal agreement that would set in motion biotechnology research collaboration to address one of the most important causes of death in both countries. Significant research from Cuba led to this groundbreaking collaboration. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development of this cooperation, from the Molecular Immunology Center's initial investigations, through the opening of a phase I clinical trial at Roswell Park Cancer Institute with therapies developed at the Center. This cooperation was responsible for the first clinical trial for CIMAvax-EGF involving advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients in the USA. A license was also approved by the US Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control authorizing a commercial partnership for development of biotechnology products, combining the cancer research efforts of both institutions. This unusual collaboration between Cuba and the USA-the US economic embargo and travel restrictions not withstanding-opens good prospects for expanded medical research between the two countries. While political and logistical challenges remain, the shared mission and dedication of these Cuban and US scientists points the way towards relationships that can lead to development, testing, approval and use of promising new therapies for cancer patients. KEYWORDS Biotechnology, clinical trials, cancer vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC, Cuba, USA.

  20. Protecting the Marine Environment in Cuba

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gorisek, Alexandra Sasa

    2013-01-01

    The Cienfuegos Environmental Studies Centre (CEAC) in Cuba is a marine environmental research centre with expertise in nuclear and isotopic technologies. Cuba’s food security, transportation and tourism depend upon a healthy marine environment. CEAC scientists master resource challenges to produce the validated data needed for better environmental management

  1. Storm Warnings for Cuba

    Science.gov (United States)

    1994-01-01

    Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Internet : order@rand.org. al Accesion For "Ni %&’ Storm WarningsDTI’ TAB E03 --- - - -for...reaction leading to an uncontrol- lable burgeoning of private entrepreneurial activity. As one observer 14See Acuerdo del Buro Politico , "Para llevar a...34 10Comisi6n de Relaciones Internacionales, Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular, Datos, Reflexiones y Argumentos Sobre la Actual Situaci6n de Cuba, n.p

  2. Changes in Alcohol Consumption: United States, 2001-2 to 2012-13

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dawson, Deborah A.; Goldstein, Rise B.; Saha, Tulshi D.; Grant, Bridget F.

    2014-01-01

    Background Documenting changes in alcohol consumption is critical for assessing future health service and alcohol treatment needs, evaluating efforts to modify drinking behavior and understanding the impact of shifting demographics and social norms. For the period since the year 2000, published data on drinking trends have been scarce and inconsistent. Methods Using data from two large, nationally representative surveys of U.S. adults (2001-2002 and 2012-2013) that contained virtually identical questions on consumption, we assessed differences by period in the prevalence of drinking, volume of intake, frequency of drinking and prevalence of ≥monthly heavy episodic drinking (HED) and determined whether changes in consumption were consistent across beverage types and in population subgroups. Results Between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013, the prevalence of drinking increased, as did volume and frequency of drinking and prevalence of ≥monthly HED among drinkers. Increases were greater for women than men for all measures and smaller among the formerly married for consumption among drinkers. The increase in overall drinking prevalence was magnified among all race-ethnic minorities, whereas the increase in ≥monthly HED was magnified only among Blacks (all relative to Whites). Conclusions Our findings are suggestive of a “wetter” drinking climate in 2012-2013 than in 2001-2002, indicating the need for continued and expanded efforts to prevent chronic and episodic heavy alcohol consumption. Given the across-the-board increases in alcohol consumption in recent years, policy efforts that address drinking at the population level are supported, even if specific drinking behaviors and subgroups of drinkers are additionally targeted for individualized approaches. PMID:25620731

  3. Antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1 therapy-naive patients in Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pérez, Lissette; Kourí, Vivian; Alemán, Yoan; Abrahantes, Yeisel; Correa, Consuelo; Aragonés, Carlos; Martínez, Orlando; Pérez, Jorge; Fonseca, Carlos; Campos, Jorge; Álvarez, Delmis; Schrooten, Yoeri; Dekeersmaeker, Nathalie; Imbrechts, Stijn; Beheydt, Gertjan; Vinken, Lore; Soto, Yudira; Álvarez, Alina; Vandamme, Anne-Mieke; Van Laethem, Kristel

    2013-06-01

    In Cuba, antiretroviral therapy rollout started in 2001 and antiretroviral therapy coverage has reached almost 40% since then. The objectives of this study were therefore to analyze subtype distribution, and level and patterns of drug resistance in therapy-naive HIV-1 patients. Four hundred and one plasma samples were collected from HIV-1 therapy-naive patients in 2003 and in 2007-2011. HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping was performed in the pol gene and drug resistance was interpreted according to the WHO surveillance drug-resistance mutations list, version 2009. Potential impact on first-line therapy response was estimated using genotypic drug resistance interpretation systems HIVdb version 6.2.0 and Rega version 8.0.2. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Neighbor-Joining. The majority of patients were male (84.5%), men who have sex with men (78.1%) and from Havana City (73.6%). Subtype B was the most prevalent subtype (39.3%), followed by CRF20-23-24_BG (19.5%), CRF19_cpx (18.0%) and CRF18_cpx (10.3%). Overall, 29 patients (7.2%) had evidence of drug resistance, with 4.0% (CI 1.6%-4.8%) in 2003 versus 12.5% (CI 7.2%-14.5%) in 2007-2011. A significant increase in drug resistance was observed in recently HIV-1 diagnosed patients, i.e. 14.8% (CI 8.0%-17.0%) in 2007-2011 versus 3.8% (CI 0.9%-4.7%) in 2003 (OR 3.9, CI 1.5-17.0, p=0.02). The majority of drug resistance was restricted to a single drug class (75.8%), with 55.2% patients displaying nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), 10.3% non-NRTI (NNRTI) and 10.3% protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations. Respectively, 20.7% and 3.4% patients carried viruses containing drug resistance mutations against NRTI+NNRTI and NRTI+NNRTI+PI. The first cases of resistance towards other drug classes than NRTI were only detected from 2008 onwards. The most frequent resistance mutations were T215Y/rev (44.8%), M41L (31.0%), M184V (17.2%) and K103N (13.8%). The median genotypic susceptibility score for the

  4. Diversidad haplotípica en el manatí Trichechus manatus en Cuba: resultados preliminares

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hernandez-Martinez, Damir; Alvarez-Aleman, Anmari; Bonde, Robert K.; Powell, James A.; Garcia-Machado, Erik

    2013-01-01

    The aim of this analysis was to obtain information regarding the mtDNA haplotype composition of the manatee (T. manatus) occupying the Cuban archipelago. A fragment of 410 bp of the non-coding region was analyzed for 12 individual manatees from Cuba and one from Florida, USA. Only two haplotypes were identified. Haplotype A1, found exclusively in Florida (including in the sample analyzed here) but also found in Mexico, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, was the most frequent haplotype (11 of the 12 samples from Cuba) and widely distributed. The second haplotype A3, previously referred to as endemic from Belize, was identified from an individual stranded in Isabela de Sagua, north of Cuba. These preliminary results provide information about three major aspects of manatee biology: (1) the mtDNA genetic diversity of T. manatus in Cuba seems low as compared to other regions of the Caribbean; (2) the Cuban population likely belongs to the group comprising Florida and the portions of the Greater Antilles; and (3) the territories of Belize and Cuba have exchanged individuals at present or in a relatively recent past.

  5. Terrorism preparedness in state health departments--United States, 2001-2003.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2003-10-31

    The anthrax attacks in fall 2001 highlighted the role of infectious disease (ID) epidemiologists in terrorism preparedness and response. Beginning in 2002, state health departments (SHDs) received approximately 1 billion dollars in new federal funding to prepare for and respond to terrorism, infectious disease outbreaks, and other public health threats and emergencies. This funding is being used in part to improve epidemiologic and surveillance capabilities. To determine how states have used a portion of their new funding to increase ID epidemiology capacity, the Iowa Department of Public Health's Center for Acute Disease Epidemiology and the Iowa State University Department of Microbiology conducted two surveys of U.S. state epidemiologists during September 2000-August 2001 and October 2002-June 2003. This report summarizes the results of these surveys, which determined that although the number of SHD epidemiology workers assigned to ID and terrorism preparedness increased by 132%, concerns remained regarding the ability of SHDs to hire qualified personnel. These findings underscore the need to develop additional and more diverse training venues for current and future ID epidemiologists.

  6. Resistencia antimicrobiana de Salmonella, Shigella y Vibrio cholerae: Perú 1997-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabel Arias B

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available La resistencia a los antimicrobianos es un problema de salud pública, en este caso se presentan los resultados de la resistencia antimicrobiana de Salmonella, Shigella y Vibrio cholerae entre los años 1997 y 2002 de las cepas confirmadas por el Instituto Nacional de Salud, procedentes de los laboratorios referenciales regionales de las diferentes direcciones de salud del Perú. La confirmación se realizó mediante bioquímica y serotipificación; para las pruebas de sensibilidad se utilizó el método de disco difusión. Se evaluaron un total de 542 cepas de Salmonella, 1034 de Shigella y 603 de Vibrio cholerae. La resistencia de Shigella frente a ampicilina muestra un promedio de 74,4% durante los 6 años; cloramfenicol con 65,9 %, cotrimoxazol con 72,2 %. En Salmonella se observa un promedio de 3,46 % para ampicilina; 2,83 % para cloranfenicol; en gentamicina 3,9 % y cotrimoxazol 1,1. V. Cholerae entre 1997 y 1999 mostraron promedios de resistencia de 19 % a cotrimoxazol, 12,1 % a tetraciclina y 10,2 % a ampicilina. A partir del año 2000, no se reportaron casos, por lo que se recibieron pocas cepas de esta especie. Se evidencia el problema de resistencia de Shigella frente a ampicilina, cloramfenicol y cotrimoxazol.

  7. Salud global: una visión latinoamericana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvaro Franco-Giraldo

    Full Text Available RESUMEN En este artículo se presenta una visión latinoamericana de la salud global desde una perspectiva contrahegemónica, extensiva a varios países del mundo que viven circunstancias parecidas. Se parte del reconocimiento de varias concepciones y tendencias de la salud global y de las contradicciones entre la salud pública convencional, la salud internacional y la salud global sin antagonizarlas y logrando ubicarlas en un modelo construido desde la salud global que incluye las otras dos disciplinas. Se supone que lo global condiciona teorías, esquemas y modelos antecedentes de la salud internacional clásica y se subraya la importancia de varios hechos de la geopolítica mundial y de la globalización económica que confinan la salud mundial, así como la teoría de los determinantes sociales y ambientales del binomio salud– enfermedad, que inciden más allá del riesgo epidemiológico. El presente enfoque se apoya en el cosmopolitismo y en el holismo, corrientes filosóficas y políticas mundiales que permiten interpretar mejor los fenómenos mundiales y son más plausibles porque generan vertientes para la acción. Estructuralmente, se presentan las bases teóricas de la salud global en tres ejes analíticos: la justicia global y la equidad, la gobernanza y la preservación supranacional de los derechos, y el holismo y una nueva conciencia global. Se concluye resaltando la importancia de construir un enfoque acerca del ser y la praxis de la salud pública global desde la perspectiva latinoamericana, que destaca los movimientos sociales ciudadanos como una alternativa para conseguir un nuevo orden y una conciencia global por los derechos y redefinir la arquitectura de gobernanza global de la salud.

  8. NuTEC annual report. April 1, 2001 - March 31, 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2003-03-01

    This report summarizes the educational activities and related management of the Nuclear Technology and Education Center (NuTEC) during the 2001 fiscal year. Both Tokyo and Tokai Education Centers have successfully conducted almost all the planned domestic and international training courses. In addition, Tokai Education Center has performed the 3rd nuclear supervisor training course and other courses for special nuclear emergency preparedness in response to the legal amendment after the JCO criticality accident. The sum total number of participants was 1,310. The International Technology Transfer Division has not only planned and organized the international training courses, but also taken charge of the 3rd workshop on Human Resource Development under the framework of FNCA (Forum of Nuclear Cooperation in Asia). Various researches have been made to improve the educational program. (author)

  9. Oportunidades perdidas de atención en salud en instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud Sincelejo, 2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gloria Villarreal Amaris

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available Antecedentes: la nueva legislación en salud de Colombia, que parte de los principio de aseguramiento y solidaridad, plantea una ampliación de la cobertura y una mejor calidad de la atención en salud. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio exploratorio, transversal y de contactos múltiples, mediante el cual se determinó el índice de oportunidades perdidas de atención en salud, sus posibles causas y el grado de satisfacción, en las diferentes instituciones municipales prestadoras de servicios de salud, de Sincelejo. También se realizó una observación participativa y verificación de registros de consultas en períodos posteriores a la realización de la entrevista, con el propósito de establecer la estabilidad o cambios en el fenómeno analizado. Resultados: se puso de manifiesto una oferta institucional de atención en salud menor que la demanda y una alta proporción de oportunidades perdidas de atención en salud y un baja satisfacción, relacionadas con factores institucionales. Conclusiones: se requieren acciones que mejoren la oportunidad de la atención en salud en la entidades municipales de Sincelejo.

  10. Speciose opportunistic nectar-feeding avifauna in Cuba and its association to hummingbird island biogeography

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dalsgaard, Bo; Baquero, Andrea C.; Rahbek, Carsten

    2016-01-01

    Island organisms often have wider feeding niches than mainland organisms, and migratory birds breeding on continents often widen their niches when overwintering on islands. Cuba's low hummingbird richness has puzzled ornithologists for decades. Here, we show that the Cuban hummingbird fauna is less...... rich than expected based on Cuba's elevation, when compared to the rest of the West Indian islands. Thereafter, we report nectar-feeding behaviour by 26 non-Trochilidae bird species in Cuba, encompassing pigeons/doves, woodpeckers and passerines, and endemic, resident and migratory species. We discuss...

  11. 76 FR 11071 - Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to Cuba and of the Emergency Authority...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-02-28

    ...--Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to Cuba and of the Emergency Authority Relating to the... Respect to Cuba and of the Emergency Authority Relating to the Regulation of the Anchorage and Movement of... north of Cuba. On February 26, 2004, by Proclamation 7757, the national emergency was extended and its...

  12. 78 FR 13207 - Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to Cuba and of the Emergency Authority...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-02-26

    ...--Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to Cuba and of the Emergency Authority Relating to the... Respect to Cuba and of the Emergency Authority Relating to the Regulation of the Anchorage and Movement of... north of Cuba. On February 26, 2004, by Proclamation 7757, the national emergency was extended and its...

  13. Drinking water in Cuba and seawater desalination

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meneses-Ruiz, E.; Turtos-Carbonell, L.M.; Oviedo-Rivero, I.

    2004-01-01

    The lack of drinking water has become a problem at world level because, in many places, supplies are very limited and, in other places, their reserves have been drained. At the present time there are estimated to be around two thousand million people that don't have drinking water for several reasons, such as drought, contamination and the presence of saline waters not suitable for human consumption. Because of the human need for water, they have always taken residence in areas where the supply was guaranteed, sometimes impeding the exploitation of other areas that can be economically very interesting. However, this resource is usually very close and in abundance in the form of seawater but its salinity makes it unusable for many basic requirements. Humanity has been forced, therefore, to take into consideration the possibilities of the economic treatment of seawater. Cuba has regions where the supplies of drinking water are scarce and others where the lack of this resource limits economic exploitation. The present work is approached with regard to the situation of hydro resources in Cuba, it includes: a description of the main hydrographic basins of the country; the contamination levels of the waters and the measures for mitigation; analysis of the supplies and demand for drinking water and its quality; regulatory aspects. The state of seawater desalination in Cuba is also included and the possibility of its realisation using nuclear energy and the advantages that this would bring is evaluated. (author)

  14. CUBA Y LA TRANSICIÓN POLÍTICA: TAN CERCA Y... TAN LEJOS. REFLEXIONES 2009 SOBRE EL FUTURO POLÍTICO EN CUBA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Manuel RODRÍGUEZ ARECHAVALETA

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Partiendo de una revisión teórica de autores fundamentales sobre democratizaciones en la tercera ola, el artículo intenta analizar los escenarios del poder actual en Cuba, tanto formales como informales, la singularidad institucional y los posibles reacomodos en la nueva élite política cubana. Asumimos la premisa de que la sociedad civil y la presión exterior no han logrado impactos relevantes en estos años; por tanto, nuestra unidad de observación será la composición de la élite política a partir de la estructura del régimen, las reglas electorales y el diseño institucional, y la definición de actores cuyas decisiones e interacciones puedan afectar los resultados políticos futuros; por tanto, intentamos formalizar las interacciones estratégicas de Raúl y la oposición moderada para valorar el potencial de negociación de una transición política en Cuba. Entonces, ¿es posible una alianza entre reformistas moderados en el gobierno y una oposición moderada en Cuba que permita una transición política?

  15. Perspectivas de la generación de electricidad en Cuba a partir de la gasificación de biomasa; Perspectives of Electricity Generation in Cuba from Biomass Gasification

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Travieso Pedroso

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available Los efectos de la explotación descontrolada de los recursos naturales, han colocado a la humanidad alborde de la extinción. La concientización de esta situación por la comunidad internacional, se ha materializadoen un gran número de países, incluida Cuba. Entre las medidas implementadas en el pais, está el incrementoen la explotación de las fuentes de energía a partir de recursos renovales, así como en la eficienciade su uso. En el trabajo se analizan dos de las tecnologías de gasificación de biomasa en estudio, paraser implementadas en Cuba, a corto plazo, para la generación de electricidad, y se propone otra para suaplicación a menor escala.The effects of the historical over exploitation of the natural resources have placed the humanity on the limitof its extinction. The magnitude of this situation and its degree of advance, has been taken into account forthe majority of the international community, and it has been materialized an important number of solution tomitigate this situation in a great number of countries; included Cuba. Among the measures implemented inCuba, it is the increment in the exploitation of the energy sources, from renewable resources, as well as inthe efficiency of their use. In this work are analyzed, two of the gasification technologies of biomass, thatare in study, to be implemented in Cuba, in a short term, for the electricity generation and its intendsanother for their application to smaller scale.

  16. Growth potential and growth factor of the IT company operating in Estonia : summary of the study conducted between August-October 2001 / Aimar Meltsa

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Meltsa, Aimar

    2002-01-01

    Kaanel ajak. ilmumisaeg 2001/2002. 2001.a. läbiviidud uuringus vaadeldi Eestis infotehnoloogia vallas tegutsevaid ettevõtteid, eesmärgiga hinnata nende potentsiaalset majanduskasvu ning neid tingimusi, mis seda määravad

  17. Evolución del consumo de fármacos antipsicóticos en Castilla y León (1990-2001

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García del Pozo Javier

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: A lo largo de la última década se han introducido nuevos fármacos y nuevos abordajes terapéuticos que permiten suponer cambios en la utilización de antipsicóticos en nuestro medio. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar el patrón de utilización de antipsicóticos en Castilla y León para el periodo 1990-2001 así como conocer la influencia que la introducción de los nuevos antipsicóticos ha podido tener en el patrón de consumo de estos fármacos. Métodos: Los datos de consumo de medicamentos se obtuvieron de la base de datos ECOM (Especialidades Consumo de Medicamentos del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. Esta base contiene información sobre el consumo de medicamentos dispensados con cargo al Sistema Nacional de Salud en farmacias comunitarias en todo el territorio nacional. Con el fin de estimar el consumo fuera del Sistema Nacional de Salud, se han utilizado datos de la empresa IMS (International Marketing Services referidos a los años 2000 y 2001. Los datos se expresaron en Dosis Diarias Definidas por 1.000 habitantes y día. Resultados: El uso de antipsicóticos creció un 146 % desde 1990 al 2001. A lo largo del periodo estudiado, haloperidol ha sido el antipsicótico más utilizado en España y en Castilla y León. Los antipsicóticos atípicos representaron un 49% del consumo total en el año 2001 y un 90% de los costes; se observa una fuerte tendencia hacia un aumento de su consumo en detrimento de los antipsicóticos típicos. Se ha estimado que un 14% de los antipsicóticos utilizados en Castilla y León lo fue fuera del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Existen notables diferencias entre las distintas provincias. Conclusiones: El consumo de antipsicóticos en Castilla y León creció un 146% durante los 12 años estudiados. En este incremento, la oferta de nuevos antipsicóticos atípicos y las medidas legales relacionadas con la desinstitucionalización de los enfermos mentales han podido jugar un papel

  18. Evolución del consumo de fármacos antipsicóticos en Castilla y León (1990-2001

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier García de Pozo

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento:A lo largo de la última década se han introducido nuevos fármacos y nuevos abordajes terapéuticos que permiten suponer cambios en la utilización de antipsicóticos en nuestro medio. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar el patrón de utilización de antipsicóticos en Castilla y León para el periodo 1990-2001 así como conocer la influencia que la introducción de los nuevos antipsicóticos ha podido tener en el patrón de consumo de estos fármacos. Métodos:Los datos de consumo de medicamentos se obtuvieron de la base de datos ECOM (Especialidades Consumo de Medicamentos del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. Esta base contiene información sobre el consumo de medicamentos dispensados con cargo al Sistema Nacional de Salud en farmacias comunitarias en todo el territorio nacional. Con el fin de estimar el consumo fuera del Sistema Nacional de Salud, se han utilizado datos de la empresa IMS (International Marketing Services referidos a los años 2000 y 2001. Los datos se expresaron en Dosis Diarias Definidas por 1.000 habitantes y día. Resultados: El uso de antipsicóticos creció un 146 % desde 1990 al 2001. A lo largo del periodo estudiado, haloperidol ha sido el antipsicótico más utilizado en España y en Castilla y León. Los antipsicóticos atípicos representaron un 49% del consumo total en el año 2001 y un 90% de los costes; se observa una fuerte tendencia hacia un aumento de su consumo en detrimento de los antipsicóticos típicos. Se ha estimado que un 14% de los antipsicóticos utilizados en Castilla y León lo fue fuera del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Existen notables diferencias entre las distintas provincias. Conclusiones: El consumo de antipsicóticos en Castilla y León creció un 146% durante los 12 años estudiados. En este incremento, la oferta de nuevos antipsicóticos atípicos y las medidas legales relacionadas con la desinstitucionalización de los enfermos mentales han podido jugar un papel

  19. Cuba: Issues for 111th Congress

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-04-14

    Humanos y Reconciliacion Nacional, “Cuba en el año 2009: la situacíon de derechos civiles, políticos y económicos,” February 2, 2009. 13 Anita Snow...park. On April 21, 2008, ten members of the Ladies in White were 12 Comision Cubana de Derechos

  20. Growth potential and growth factor of the IT company operating in Estonia : summary of the study conducted between August-October 2001 / Aimar Meltsa

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Meltsa, Aimar

    2001-01-01

    Kaanel ajak. ilmumisaeg Winter 2001/2002. 2001.a. läbiviidud uuringus vaadeldi Eestis infotehnoloogia vallas tegutsevaid ettevõtteid, eesmärgiga hinnata nende potentsiaalset majanduskasvu ning neid tingimusi, mis seda määravad

  1. Análisis de riesgos en la salud de la población rural de la pampa argentina por uso de agroquímicos en cultivo de soja

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ada Graciela Nogar

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación considera los espacios rurales como resultantes de la internacionalización de capitales financieros, generalmente extra-agrarios, que no reparan en los efectos colaterales de los agrotóxicos, ni en el impacto de éstos en la salud, priorizando una visión utilitarista de crecimiento casi ilimitado. El objetivo de la investigación es desarrollar un análisis de riesgo en la salud de la población rural de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina, por el uso de agroquímicos en cultivo de soya transgénica. Se aplicó la metodología de riesgo entrecruzando la información de: superficie sembrada y porcentaje destinado a la soya en 2001/02 y 2010/11, volúmenes de agroquímicos más utilizados y de mayor impacto ambiental, registro de denuncias de afecciones en la salud de la población rural. Los agrupamientos resultantes expresan el riesgo en la salud por departamento y posibilitan la comparación de los niveles obtenidos para las dos campañas analizadas agrupando los valores obtenidos en 7 rangos de clase a partir de la utilización de gráficos estadísticos de dispersión. Los análisis realizados muestran que existe una relación directa entre el aumento de la superficie sembrada y el incremento de los volúmenes de agroquímicos, se observa una disminución de la población rural en toda la provincia entre las campañas 2001/02 y 2010/11, la población rural de Caseros, Rosario, Iriondo y General López presentaron riesgo alto en la campaña 2001/02 y 2010/11 mientras que Rosario disminuyó al nivel medio-alto y San Jerónimo se incorporó al nivel alto.

  2. Evolution in microbiological results in food samples in a health area in the Community of Madrid, Spain (1999-2002 Evolución de los resultados microbiológicos en alimentos de un área sanitaria de la Comunidad de Madrid (1999-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jose Mª Ordóñez Iriarte

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: In the context of the increasing relevance of food security in the field of the Public Health, the present article try to evaluate the degree of microbiological contamination in foodstuffs, and to search improvement measures.Methods: Retrospective analysis of the results obtained from the samples of foodstuffs from industries and restauration establishements in the district 1 of the Area V of Madrid Autonomous Region between 1999 and 2002.To check the official minutes of inspections of social restauration establishements.Descriptive analysis of the data obtained.Results: The parameters in 116 of the 383 analysed samples (30 ́3% were higher than permitted by law. The percentage of correct samples in the collective lunchrooms went up from 62% in 1999 to 89 ́9% in 2001 (pThe 32 ́8% of the altered samples were caused by the presence of patogens.The foodsttufs with higher percentage of alteration were the dairy products, followed by the sausages. In the cooked foods, the percentage of alteration was higher in those of group A.The primary deficiences in the social restauration establishements were the absence of non-manual accion tap, the lack of bleach suitable for alimentary use and the inadequate protection of foods.Conclusions: In collective lunchrooms we can observe an improvement in the microbiological results; however, there are still structural and process deficiencies. The results of the other industries cannot be easily assessed due to scarcity of samples.To use bleach suitable for alimentary use in a routine way, can be a measure to reduce the high percentage of group A contaminated foodstuffs.Introducción: En el marco de una creciente relevancia de la seguridad alimentaria en el ámbito de la salud pública, el presente estudio trata de valorar el grado de contaminación microbiológica de los alimentos y proponer medidas de mejora.Metodología: Análisis retrospectivo de los resultados microbiológicos de las muestras

  3. Záchranný předstihový výzkum v trase kanalizace na hradě Křivoklátě v roce 2001

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Durdík, Tomáš; Kašpar, V.

    2002-01-01

    Roč. 49, - (2002), s. 25-26 ISSN 1211-992X. [Archeologické výzkumy v Čechách 2001. Praha, 03.04.2002-04.04.2002] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z8002910 Keywords : Bohemia * Middle Ages * castles Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

  4. La postemancipación y trabajo en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michael Zeuske

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza los procesos de transculturación y fecundación mutua entre los espacios de trabajo en la postemancipación. El caso de Cuba es complejo, pues se dio en una época de desestructuración progresiva de la esclavitud, jalonada por guerras anticoloniales y una modernización tecnológica ininterrumpida. Se argumenta que aunque las condiciones de trabajo no mejoraron en lo sustancial, sí lo hizo la división sexual del trabajo, los patrones de movilidad, y el acceso a la propiedad informal de la tierra. La modernización de Cuba como productor azucarero introdujo fuerzas de inmenso calado en las luchas sociales del período.

  5. Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the United States, 1997-2002.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chapman, Alice S; Murphy, Staci M; Demma, Linda J; Holman, Robert C; Curns, Aaron T; McQuiston, Jennifer H; Krebs, John W; Swerdlow, David L

    2006-01-01

    Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is the most commonly reported fatal tick-borne disease in the United States. During 1997-2002, 3,649 cases of RMSF were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention via the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance; 2,589 case report forms, providing supplemental information, were also submitted. The average annual RMSF incidence during 1997-2002 was 2.2 cases/million persons. The annual incidence increased during 1997-2002 to a rate of 3.8 cases/million persons in 2002. The incidence was lowest among persons aged<5 and 10-29 years, and highest among adults aged 60-69 years. The overall case-fatality rate was 1.4%; the rate peaked in 1998 at 2.9% and declined to 0.7% in 2001 and 2002. Children<5 years of age had a case-fatality rate (5%) that was significantly greater than the rates for age groups<60 years of age, except for that for 40-49 years of age. Continued national surveillance is needed to assess the effectiveness of prevention efforts and early treatment in decreasing severe morbidity and mortality associated with RMSF.

  6. La salud en la población inmigrante : la política como determinante social de la salud

    OpenAIRE

    González González, Javier

    2013-01-01

    Profundizar en el conocimiento de los Determinantes Estructurales de las Desigualdades de Salud con el fin de analizar su amplitud, estructura y consecuencias sobre la salud de la población inmigrante, a través del Modelo Conceptual de los Determinantes Sociales de las Desigualdades en Salud, es el objetivo principal de esta monografía. El concepto de salud adquiere diferentes significados dependiendo del contexto y de las personas. Es un derecho reconocido, así lo establece la Organización M...

  7. Rivulus berovidesi, a new killifish species (Teleostei: Rivulidae) from western Cuba.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silva, Rodet Rodriguez

    2015-04-24

    Rivulus berovidesi, a new killifish species, is described from a small stream in Sierra de Cajalbana, northwestern Cuba. It is readily distinguished from Rivulus cylindraceus Poey by the combination of an exclusive color pattern and meristic characters such as a d-type frontal scalation pattern (versus e-type pattern in Rivulus cylindraceus). The current diagnosis of Rivulus berovidesi based on chromatic, morphological and meristic characters is consistent with a recent molecular analysis of this genus in Cuba.

  8. Pautas orientadoras para la promoción de la salud bucal en la primera infancia para profesionales de salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gloria Esperanza González C.

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available La salud bucal es parte integral de la salud general del individuo. Lasafecciones bucales más prevalentes en niños son las alteraciones delcrecimiento y desarrollo bucodental, y la caries. Las primeras, generalmente están relacionadas con hábitos orales nocivos, patronesalimentarios inadecuados y la adquisición tardía de funciones comola masticación que generan maloclusiones. La caries, enfermedadcrónica más frecuente en la infancia, causa graves consecuencias enla salud del niño como dolor, infecciones faciales, hospitalizacionesy consultas frecuentes a los servicios de urgencia. Se pretende proponer una guía que permita detectar tempranamente los factoresde riesgo para la caries de infancia temprana y maloclusiones a losprofesionales de salud que entran tempranamente en contacto conel bebé y su familia para la promoción de salud bucal. Es esencial elcuidado de la salud oral de la madre gestante incentivando la lactanciamaterna como factor protector sobre la salud general y bucal delrecién nacido.

  9. The Telephony in the City of Santiago of Cuba (1893 - 1959

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maithe Sánchez-Garrido

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available In spite of the substantial advantages which it specifically contributed the restoration of the telephone in Cuba and in the oriental locality, like an element of modernity that contributed to improve the form of life of the population, as well as the quality of mass media, the subject from its arrival to Santiago of Cuba is very little disclosed and/or not known, to grief that with the triumph of the Cuban Revolution considerably spread the use of the same one and some writings were published on the matter. The present research shows an analysis of the historical evolution of the telephony in the Island, but having like attention center the city of Santiago of Cuba. For it the antecedents of this phenomenon consider, the political, economic-social and cultural circumstances that influenced in their evolution and development, as well as their within the framework local incidence.

  10. Hábitos físico-deportivos y estilos de vida de la población mayor de 15 años de ciudad de la Habana (Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aldo Pérez Sánchez

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available El problema existente de la relación entre actividad física, hábitos deportivos, calidad y estilos de vida, tiene gran importancia para el Instituto Nacional de Deportes, Educación Física y Recreación (INDER -de la República de Cuba- como Institución, dado su encargo social. En las condiciones específicas en las que Cuba desarrolla su sistema social, la determinación de una base informativa de carácter científico que permita sustentar y avalar la toma de decisiones político-administrativas, cobran un valor y una urgencia cada vez mayor. Se ha obtenido la información a partir de una encuesta, con representatividad provincial, utilizando el Marco Muestral Preparatorio de los Censos de Población y Viviendas, de la Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas, mediante le procedimiento de muestreo polietapico estratificado. Se establecieron un conjunto de objetivos que han permitido caracterizar los hábitos deportivos y de salud de la población habanera mayor de 15 años, permitiendo determinar que la ocupación del tiempo libre de los habaneros se caracteriza por la realización de actividades de ocio pasivo y de relación social y diversión, fundamentalmente, quedando en un segundo plano las físico-deportivas, actividades que sólo se destacan en los periodos vacacionales, siendo más realizadas, en todos los periodos, por los varones. El sexo, la edad y actividad principal son las variables fundamentales discriminantes en los comportamientos ante la práctica físico-deportiva y la salud de los habaneros. La valoración de las clases de Educación Física recibidas, el interés y la demanda por esta práctica se encuentran directamente relacionadas con los comportamientos ante la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva de tiempo libre, por lo que ser o no activo produce diferentes comportamientos saludables o de riesgo para la vida de los habaneros. Otra conclusión importante, es la tipologización de siete estilos de vida de los

  11. Influencia de la salud bucal durante el embarazo en la salud del futuro bebé

    OpenAIRE

    Díaz Valdés, Liuba; Valle Lizama, Raúl Luis

    2015-01-01

    Fundamento: El embarazo se relaciona con una mayor incidencia de caries y gingivitis. Objetivo: Profundizar en el conocimiento sobre la influencia de estas afecciones bucales en la salud del futuro bebé. Conclusiones: El embarazo genera adaptaciones en la fisiología femenina las cuales pueden repercutir en la salud bucal de la gestante. Las afecciones bucales más frecuentes son la caries dental y la gingivitis, estas si no son tratadas a tiempo pueden afectar la salud del futuro bebé. Back...

  12. Principales bases legales relacionadas con la expedición y uso de estupefacientes, psicotrópicos y otras sustancias tóxicas en Cuba Main legal bases related to the prescription and use of stupefacients, psychotropic drugs, and other toxicants in Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Barreiro Ramos

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Por la importancia que tiene para los médicos, enfermeros, estudiantes, directivos y otros trabajadores y profesionales, no solo del sistema de Salud Pública, sino de otros sectores relacionados, se comprendió la necesidad de intentar recoger en un mismo material toda la legislación posible o basamentos medicolegales relacionados con la expedición y uso de algunas sustancias tóxicas en Cuba, para que estos grupos tuvieran recopilado en un solo texto mucho de lo que está regulado sobre esta temática, y le sea útil como instrumento de trabajo. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y documental acerca de las normas legales establecidas en Cuba para el control de las sustancias bajo fiscalización internacional y nacional, muchas de las cuales pueden ser utilizadas con fines no médicos. Se resumen en este documento las bases legales establecidas en leyes, decretos, resoluciones y otros documentos vigentes en nuestro país, y se señalan los principales aspectos contemplados en estos instrumentos jurídicos, muchos de los cuales han repercutido en las modificaciones realizadas en los últimos años en el Código Penal para el control del narcotráfico y el abuso de sustancias reguladas y/o prohibidas. La información obtenida se presenta por temáticas afines, que se agrupan teniendo presente el contenido y comentando las consideraciones pertinentes acorde con la problemática cubana.Due to the great significance for physicians, nurses, students, managers, and other workers and professionals, not only of the Public Health System, but of other related sectors, it was necessary to collect in a same material all the possible legislation or medicolegal foundations related to the prescription and use of some toxicants in Cuba, so that these groups have in only one text most of what is regulated on this topic to be use as a working tool. A bibliographical and documentary review was made on legal norms established in Cuba for the control of

  13. Salud, salud mental, música y musicoterapia en una comunidad indígena colombiana. Cota, 2012-2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Alfonso Morales-Hernández

    2017-07-01

    Conclusiones. La reetnización es una decisión política con implicaciones culturales, organizativas y de salud. Las comunidades reetnizadas no pueden ser equiparadas con la sociedad dominante ni con otros grupos indígenas en cuanto a decisiones en salud. La salud pública requiere un diálogo intercultural que permita el trabajo adecuado con estas comunidades.

  14. ÉTUDE DE CAS — Cuba : Le logement et le capital humain à Cuba ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    10 janv. 2011 ... Colin Campbell. Des projets communautaires améliorent la santé du cœur de La Havane. La vie en plein centre-ville peut mettre à rude épreuve la résistance des gens. Lorsque les quartiers périclitent, le dépérissement de la santé humaine suit de près. Un projet mené à Cuba avec l'appui du Centre de ...

  15. Goal Programming for the Optimization of the Harvest´s Structurein the Sugar Factory “Paquito Rosales” from Province Santiago de Cuba, Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elio David Zaldívar-Linares

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available The organizational deficiencies impact negatively in the sugar sector in Cuba. The roots of these deficiencies arise from the activity that precedes it: the planning. The objective of this paper is to perfect the planning of the transportation of the cane like part of the process of production of the sugar. For this a model of Goal Programming will be built, in order to optimize the mentioned planning and the same one will be validated in the Managerial Unit of Base (MUB sugar station "Paquito Rosales" of the county Santiago de Cuba. This model will facilitate an improvement of the economic and industrial meters.

  16. Niños dependientes de tecnología, un problema emergente de salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerardo Rogelio Robaina Castellanos

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Desde hace varias décadas un número creciente de niños requiere de tecnologías para el mantenimiento de sus vidas. Estos niños dependientes de tecnología a menudo deben recibir cuidados de enfermería en sus propios hogares. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión del tema. Se exponen en él algunas definiciones, clasificaciones y principios para la atención en el hogar a niños dependientes de tecnología, así como las habilidades y competencias a desarrollar por el personal de enfermería. Aunque estos niños constituyen un grupo minoritario de pacientes en Cuba, se necesita integrar, en un solo programa, su atención. El cuidado centrado en la familia, la adecuada coordinación entre los diferentes niveles de salud, la continuidad en los cuidados, y la accesibilidad de toda la población, son algunos de los principios básicos para la ejecución de un programa de atención; pero se requiere, además, del apoyo de todos los miembros de la sociedad.

  17. Accidentes fuera del trabajo: análisis en el campamento minero de Toquepala 2002-2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Gomero Cuadra

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available En general, todas las empresas desarrollan programas para evitar o minimizar los accidentes del trabajo. Sin embargo, existe escasa información técnica relacionado a la prevalencia y costos derivados de los accidentes fuera del trabajo, lo que dificulta el análisis del problema. Objetivo: Revisar y analizar los descansos médicos en los trabajadores de nuestro campamento minero generados por accidentes considerados como particulares o fuera del trabajo. Materiales y métodos: El presente trabajo tiene un diseño transversal periódico, realizado en el Servicio de Salud Ocupacional del Hospital Toquepala. Los diagnósticos médicos fueron informados según el CIE-10 de la OMS. Para la clasificación de accidentes fuera del trabajo, se siguió la del programa de Loss Control Management del DNV, a la cual se le realizaron modificaciones de acuerdo al criterio y experiencia de los autores. Se revisaron 468 y 570 boletas de descanso médico generadas en los años 2002 y 2003 respectivamente. Resultados: Correspondieron al año 2002, 88 (18,8% descansos de accidentes fuera del trabajo, mientras que en el año 2003 fueron 99 (17,37%. La etiología de los accidentes fuera del trabajo fueron: de Transporte 11 (12,5% en el año 2002 y 12 (12,12% en el año 2003; del Hogar 25 (28,41% en el año 2002 y 20 (20,2% en el año 2003; Públicos 21 (23,86% en el año 2002 y 36 (36,36% en el año 2003. Conclusiones: Tenemos valores altos de accidentes fuera del trabajo con relación al número total de accidentes en nuestra empresa en los años 2002 y 2003, sin embargo, ninguno fatal. Además debemos orientar programas preventivos dirigidos hacia la seguridad vial y la buena práctica de deportes. Concluimos que es necesario incorporar el análisis de los accidentes fuera del trabajo con incapacidad temporal dentro del estudio de la morbilidad como parte del Diagnóstico de la Situación de Salud Laboral que confecciona el Médico ocupacional o del Trabajo

  18. Reforma de salud en Ecuador: nunca más el derecho a la salud como un privilegio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Malo-Serrano

    Full Text Available El proceso de reforma de la salud que experimenta el Ecuador ha tenido logros importantes, porque se da en el marco de una nueva Constitución de la República, que permitió la incorporación de demandas sociales históricas surgidas de las críticas al neoliberalismo en la reestructuración y modernización estatal. Los ejes de la reforma consisten en tres componentes: por un lado, en organizar un Sistema Nacional de Salud que supere la fragmentación anterior, que constituya la Red Pública Integral de Salud; políticas encaminadas a fortalecer la atención primaria de salud, articulando la acción sobre los determinantes de la salud; y, por último, el incremento del financiamiento para consolidar las transformaciones. Concluimos que los desafíos en la reforma tienen que ver con la sustentabilidad de los procesos, sostenibilidad financiera del sistema y con la mayor activación de mecanismos de participación que permitan la veeduría iudadana de los servicios y el empoderamiento de los ciudadanos de su derecho a la salud.

  19. CUBA: socialismo de mercado ou planificação socialista?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Dias Carcanholo

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Cuba, a small caribbean island, located a few kilometers from United States coast, insist on preserving socialism. During a catastrophic crisis that they had gone through between 1989-1993, the cubans have deepened the development of a long series of economic reforms as to answer to the new international scenery. Despite of crises depth, north american pressions, globalization advances and neoliberal policies, which have taken almost ali Latin American couritries to submit to american imperialism, Cuba has searched its replace in world system, protecting its sovereignty and going ahead with the struggle to socialism. The question is: up to which moment Cuba wili manage? In this article it is mainly discussed the market and the money roles and also the socialism planned role in the relorms developed in 1990 decade. We had evaluated which are the money and market functions that have helped in the planning and which are incompatible with socialists ideas. In doing so we will be abie to acquire a brief notion of which are the Iimits and difticulties of this transition period.

  20. HIV-1 Genetic Variability in Cuba and Implications for Transmission and Clinical Progression.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blanco, Madeline; Machado, Liuber Y; Díaz, Héctor; Ruiz, Nancy; Romay, Dania; Silva, Eladio

    2015-10-01

    INTRODUCTION Serological and molecular HIV-1 studies in Cuba have shown very low prevalence of seropositivity, but an increasing genetic diversity attributable to introduction of many HIV-1 variants from different areas, exchange of such variants among HIV-positive people with several coinciding routes of infection and other epidemiologic risk factors in the seropositive population. The high HIV-1 genetic variability observed in Cuba has possible implications for transmission and clinical progression. OBJECTIVE Study genetic variability for the HIV-1 env, gag and pol structural genes in Cuba; determine the prevalence of B and non-B subtypes according to epidemiologic and behavioral variables and determine whether a relationship exists between genetic variability and transmissibility, and between genetic variability and clinical disease progression in people living with HIV/AIDS. METHODS Using two molecular assays (heteroduplex mobility assay and nucleic acid sequencing), structural genes were characterized in 590 people with HIV-1 (480 men and 110 women), accounting for 3.4% of seropositive individuals in Cuba as of December 31, 2013. Nonrandom sampling, proportional to HIV prevalence by province, was conducted. Relationships between molecular results and viral factors, host characteristics, and patients' clinical, epidemiologic and behavioral variables were studied for molecular epidemiology, transmission, and progression analyses. RESULTS Molecular analysis of the three HIV-1 structural genes classified 297 samples as subtype B (50.3%), 269 as non-B subtypes (45.6%) and 24 were not typeable. Subtype B prevailed overall and in men, mainly in those who have sex with men. Non-B subtypes were prevalent in women and heterosexual men, showing multiple circulating variants and recombinant forms. Sexual transmission was the predominant form of infection for all. B and non-B subtypes were encountered throughout Cuba. No association was found between subtypes and