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Sample records for salar del carmen

  1. La técnica narrativa del espejo en Carmen de Icaza (1899-1979 y en Carmen Martín Gaite (1925-2000 / The mirror’s narrative technique in Carmen de Icaza (1899-1979 and in Carmen Martín Gaite (1925-2000

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    Carmen Fragero Guerra

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: El texto muestra algunas coincidencias entre las técnicas narrativas de la olvidada novelista Carmen de Icaza (1899-1979 y Carmen Martín Gaite (1925-2000. Analizamos en La fuente enterrada (1947 y en Yo, la reina (1950 de Carmen de Icaza el uso del espejo como una técnica narrativa para describir la apariencia física de los personajes y sus sentimientos interiores. Luego, estudiamos cómo estos dos aspectos han sido tomados por Carmen Martín Gaite y desarrollados en un modo más amplio e imaginativo. Abstract: The text shows some coincidences in narrative techniques between the forgotten novelist Carmen de Icaza (1899-1979 and Carmen Martín Gaite (1925-2000. We analyze in La Fuente Enterrada (1947 and in Yo, la Reina (1950 by Carmen de Icaza the use of mirror as a narrative technique intended to describe the characters’ appearance and their inner feelings. Then we study how this aspect has been taken by Carmen Martin Gaite and developed in a broader and more imaginative way.

  2. Carmen Dauset Moreno, primera musa del cine estadounidense

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    Mora Contreras, Francisco Javier

    2014-01-01

    Este artículo se propone analizar la importancia de la bailarina española Carmen Dauset Moreno para la historia del cine. Conocida en el mundo del vaudeville como Carmencita, fue la primera mujer que apareció en dos breves películas para kinetoscopio realizadas en el estudio de Edison en marzo de 1894. En este sentido, el artículo trata de contextualizar la aparición de la artista española en estas películas y plantea cuestiones sobre el significado de las mismas en el desarrollo de las fases...

  3. Antecedentes hidroquímicos del Salar de Aguas Calientes I (Chile

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    Ingrid Garcés Millas

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El Salar de Aguas Calientes I es un sistema salino del Altiplano chileno, situado a4.280 m.s.n.m, expuesto a condiciones ambientales áridas. El presente trabajo da cuenta del estudio hidroquímico de las soluciones superficiales existentes en el salar, tanto de soluciones diluidas como concentradas en surgencias y acumulaciones lacustres, así como de la mineralogía de las sales precipitadas por evaporación de estas aguas lacustres. Los principales aportes de agua al salar ingresan por la zona norte y por el sector sur, siendo estos últimos de carácter termal. Los restantes aportes se limitan a escasas precipitaciones en forma de escorrentía superficial o subsuperficial. Todas estas aguas circulan hacia las zonas más bajas del salar, y se acumulan en distintos puntos a lo largo de su sector occidental como consecuencia de un ligero basculamiento en su superficie. Los resultados del análisis químico indican que, a pesar de tratarse de aguas con grados de concentración variable y que oscilan entre muy diluidas y altamente concentradas, todas ellas pertenecen al tipo químico Na-Cl, debido a la interacción de las aguas con los depósitos salinos preexistentes en el salar, en los que predominan halita y yeso. Además, todas las soluciones mostraron elevados contenidos en elementos químicos asociados a actividad hidrotermal como son Li, B y As, encontrándose este último en rangos de toxicidad incluso en las muestras diluidas. En el margen norte del salar, las aguas de una surgencia no termal caracterizadas por ser de muy baja concentración en sales minerales, discurren hacia el salar,alimentando una zona de bofedal en la que se desarrolla importante vida vegetal y sirven de sustento a los rebaños de camélidos del área. En cambio, las aguas de los sectores central y meridional (donde se encuentra una surgencia de carácter termal son mucho más concentradas, acumulándose en lagunas desprovistas de desarrollo vegetal. El an

  4. Influencia de la marea astronómica sobre las variaciones del nivel del Río Negro en la zona de Carmen de Patagones

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    Enrique D'Onofrio

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available El Río Negro, límite natural entre las provincias de Buenos Aires y Río Negro, es uno de los ríos más importantes de la Patagonia que desemboca en el Océano Atlántico. Es navegable desde su desembocadura hasta Carmen de Patagones por embarcaciones de hasta 2,04 m de calado, dificultándose por irregularidades en la profundidad aguas arriba. La onda de marea proveniente del océano Atlántico ingresa al río haciendo que este adopte un régimen semidiurno hasta Carmen de Patagones. El conocimiento de la onda de marea en este tramo del río es de fundamental importancia para la calibración de modelos numéricos, el perfeccionamiento de los sistemas de alerta de inundaciones y la toma de decisiones relacionadas con el manejo costero. En este trabajo se analizan cuatro series de mediciones de marea, dos obtenidas en el hidrómetro de Carmen de Patagones con una duración de 608 y 731 días, una de 77 días proveniente de un mareómetro instalado en el kilómetro 18 del río y una de 79 días obtenida con un sensor de presión fondeado en proximidades de Punta Redonda (desembocadura del Río Negro. Se calculan y comparan los espectros de potencia de las alturas observadas en los tres sitios para detectar los cambios energéticos producidos en la banda de frecuencias correspondientes a la marea astronómica. De su comparación surge que la energía de las componentes semidiurnas y diurnas disminuye un 22% y un 45% respectivamente desde la desembocadura del Río Negro hasta Carmen de Patagones. En contraposición se observa un ligero aumento de la energía correspondiente a las frecuencias de las componentes cuarto diurnas. Esto se debe fundamentalmente a procesos no lineales inducidos por aguas someras y a irregularidades en la morfología del fondo del río. Para obtener las amplitudes y épocas de la marea se realizan análisis armónicos por el método de cuadrados mínimos. Las amplitudes de las componentes diurnas en Carmen de Patagones

  5. Specialized consultant in radiological safety to the Ciudad del Carmen general hospital, PEMEX; Asesoria especializada en seguridad radiologica al hospital general Ciudad del Carmen, PEMEX

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Angeles C, A.; Hernandez C, J. E.; Rodriguez A, F.; Garcia A, J

    2003-02-15

    The Ciudad del Carmen general hospital, dependent of PEMEX, It request consultant of the ININ to be able to maintain their sanitary license for the use of X-ray equipment for the radiologic diagnostic.The proposal of the ININ was to be a program of technical attendance, schedule monthly to be able to solve the observations that are presented in the use of those equipment, and that the hospital can conserve its respective sanitary license.(Author)

  6. Salar de Surire un ecosistema altoandino en peligro, frente a escenario del cambio climático

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    Ingrid Garcés

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo realiza un análisis al salar de Surire desde el punto de vista de la biodiversidad y sus implicancias producto del cambio climático. Como resultado se predice que los próximos años serán secos y la temperatura podría ir en aumento, lo cual afectará notablemente a la flora y fauna del altiplano. El salar de Surire es un cuerpo salino ubicado en el altiplano andino chileno, en un entorno geológico de características volcánicas. La climatología actual de aridez no permite una acumulación de agua superficial de gran extensión, y por lo tanto es posible diferenciar tres tipos principales de aguas: los aportes de drenaje, las acumulaciones de agua en la aureola pantanosa externa o “bofedales”, y las aguas del interior del cuerpo salino (surgencias termales y salmueras. Estas condiciones hidrológicas afectan factores abióticos, como anaerobiosis de suelos, disposición de nutrientes y salinidad, factores determinantes del desarrollo de la flora y fauna. Palabras claves: Salar de Surire; Biodiversidad andina; Cambio climático; Ecosistema andino

  7. Otro paso ‘fuera del tiempo’: Al volver la esquina de Carmen Laforet

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    Noè, Elisabetta

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available This work deals with Carmen Laforet’s novel Al volver la esquina, which was published posthumous by Destino in 2004 when the writer herself died. In this novel the organization and the complexity of the narrative text represent a new and interesting stage in the stylistic evolution of Laforet’s writing. This article wants to analyse some aspects of the narrative structure of the novel (focusing, time dealing and characterization in order to include it in the unfinished trilogy, called «Tres pasos fuera del tiempo», of which it is its second part, after the publication of La insolación in 1963.Se estudia aquí la novela Al volver la esquina, de Carmen Laforet, publicada de manera póstuma por la editorial Destino en 2004, el mismo año de la muerte de la escritora. En esta obra, la articulación y la complejidad de la estructura narrativa representa una nueva e interesante etapa de la evolución estilística de Laforet. Este artículo se propone analizar ciertos aspectos de la organización narrativa de esta obra (focalización, tratamiento del tiempo y fisonomía de los personajes, insertándola en el contexto de una trilogía inacabada, titulada «Tres pasos fuera del tiempo», de la que representa la segunda parte, tras la publicación, en 1963, de La insolación.

  8. Specialized consultant in radiological safety to the Ciudad del Carmen general hospital, PEMEX

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Angeles C, A.; Hernandez C, J. E.; Rodriguez A, F.; Garcia A, J.

    2003-02-01

    The Ciudad del Carmen general hospital, dependent of PEMEX, It request consultant of the ININ to be able to maintain their sanitary license for the use of X-ray equipment for the radiologic diagnostic.The proposal of the ININ was to be a program of technical attendance, schedule monthly to be able to solve the observations that are presented in the use of those equipment, and that the hospital can conserve its respective sanitary license.(Author)

  9. Carmen de Burgos, la APM y aquellas admirables chicas del 98

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    Hernando, Bernardino M.

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available It enters the five women journalists pertaining to the Association of the Press of Madrid (APM was the writer, professor, lecturer and hardened travelling Carmen de Burgos, Colombine call. It and the other four, Jesusa Granda, participant in the foundation of the APM in 1895, Atocha Ossorio and Gallardo, Salomé Núñez de Topete and Consuelo Álvarez Pool trained a made an effort group of admirable women fighters by the culture and the human rights. Identified with the advanced to “generation of 98” if this nonhuibera be as chauvinistic as was almost everything then.

    Entre las cinco primeras mujeres periodistas pertenecientes a la Asociación de la Prensa de Madrid (APM estaba la escritora, profesora, conferenciante y empedernida viajera Carmen de Burgos, llamada Colombine. Ella y las otras cuatro, Jesusa Granda, participante en la fundación de la APM en 1895, Atocha Ossorio y Gallardo, Salomé Núñez de Topete y Consuelo Álvarez Pool formaban un grupo esforzado de admirables mujeres luchadoras por la cultura y los derechos humanos. Identificadas con los ideales sociales más avanzados podrían haber pertenecido a la “generación del 98” si esta no hubiera sido tan machista como era casi todo en aquella época.

  10. Diva Carmen Luisa Letelier Valdés, contralto

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    Valene Georges

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Carmen Luisa Letelier Valdés y Valene Georges son fundadoras del célebre Ensemble Bartok Chile. En este trabajo Valene Georges presenta un recuerdo tanto de los titánicos logros que ambas han alcanzado con el Ensemble Bartok Chile en el país como en el extranjero, como de la estrecha amistad que las ha unido durante más de treinta años.Both Carmen Luisa Letelier-Valdés and Valene Georgesfounded the renowned Ensemble Bartok Chile. In this article Valene Georges presents a retrospective view ofthe titanic achievements that both have shared with this ensemble in Chile and abroad. Besides, the author presents a personal view ofher close friendship with Carmen Luisa during more than thirty years.

  11. La memoria del último exilio español en la escritura de tres mujeres: Victoria Kent, Dolores Ibárruri y Carmen Parga

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    Bettina Pacheco

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: Este artigo realiza uma breve análise de três obras de testemunhos do exílio escritas por mulheres: Victoria Kent, destacada advogada socialista cromprometida com o governo da República Espanhola; Dolores Ibárruri, a mítica Pasionária; e Carmen Parga, republicana exilada na Rússia e México. As três dão sua visão, a sua maneira e através da escrita, sobre o drama vivido oferecendo sua concepção particular do exílio. Antes de entrar nas obras aludidas, examina-se brevemente as duas concepções sobre a dramática experiência do exilado que Cláudio Guillén reconheceu na escrita dos clássicos: Ovídio e Plutarco.Palavras-chave: Literatura comparada; literatura espanhola; Victoria Kent; Dolores Ibárruri; Carmen Parga; literatura latina; Ovídio; Plutarco; exílio.Resumen: Este artículo realiza um somero análisis de três obras testimoniales del exílio escritas por mujeres: Victoria Kent, destacada abogada socialista comprometida com el gobierno de la República Española; Dolores Ibárruri, la mítica Pasionaria; y Carmen Parga, republicana exiliada en Rusía y México. Las tres dan su visión, a su manera y a través de la escritura, sobre el drama vivido ofreciendo su concepción particular del exílio. Antes de entrar en las obras aludidas, se examina brevemente las dos concepiones sobre la dramática experiencia del exilado que Cláudio Guillén há reconocido em la escritura de dos clássicos: Ovídio y Plutarco.Palabras-clave: Literatura comparada; literatura española; Victoria Kent; Dolores Ibárruri; Carmen Parga; literatura latina; Ovídio; Plutarco; exílio.Keywords: Comparative literature; Spanish literature; Victoria Kent; Dolores Ibárruri; Carmen Parga; latin literature; Ovid; Plutarch; exile.

  12. Liderazgo y práctica pedagógica de los docentes en la Institución Educativa"José del Carmen Cabrejo Mejía del distrito de Andabamba, provincia de Santa Cruz, región Cajamarca - 2014

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    Vásquez Milían, Eduin

    2017-01-01

    La investigación responde a la pregunta ¿Cuál es la relación entre el liderazgo y la práctica pedagógica de los docentes en la institución educativa José del Carmen Cabrejo Mejía del distrito de Andabamba, provincia de santa Cruz, región Cajamarca en el año 2014? El objetivo general es: Determinar la relación entre el liderazgo y la práctica pedagógica de los docentes en la institución educativa José del Carmen Cabrejo Mejía del distrito de Andabamba, provincia de Santa Cruz, región Cajamarca...

  13. Renewable energy load assessment for Boquillas Del Carmen Coahuila, Mexico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Foster, R. [Southwest Technology Development Institute, Las Cruces, NM (United States)

    1995-08-01

    This report outlines the estimates that were made in 1992 of the potential load requirements for Boquillas del Carmen, a small Mexican village on the northern border of the state of Coahuila, Mexico near Big Bend National Park in southern Texas. The study was made to help determine the possibility that village might be electrified by solar or wind energy. Various estimates of are given of the potential load based on estimates ranging from basic use of lights, radio, television, and small household appliances to microwave ovens, refrigerators, and direct evaporative coolers. The low-energy consumption case was estimated to be at 23.0 kWh/month per residence per month, and the high-energy consumption case (with cooling) was 140.7 kWh/month per residence. On average, the typical residence is occupied by five individuals.

  14. Cambios morfológicos costeros en lsla del Carmen. Campeche, por el paso del huracán "Roxanne"

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    José Luis Palacio-Prieto

    1999-08-01

    Full Text Available Based on the interpretation of vertical video images taken from an helicopter, a geornorphological survey of the coast of Isla del Carmen, Campeche, was made in connection with hurricane "Roxanne" Geomorphological processes and derived coastal fandforms are identified, which indicate a general receding trend of the coastline during the event, although some local accumulative features are recognized. The most affected areas correspond to ancient channels, today closed, reactivated during extraordinary storm events. Some conclusions area also drawn in relation to the use of video images as a tool for a rapid assessment and detection of damages to infrastructure.

  15. Carmen de Burgos, traductora

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    Simón Palmer, María del Carmen

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available In the first third of the 20th century, Carmen de Burgos carried out an outstanding work to diffuse the knowledge of the foreign literature in Spain and translated more than thirty works of varied authors such as Ruskin, Renan, Moebius, Salgari or Rachilde. It has been chosen to arrange her translations according to the publishing houses that published them in order to show the different publishing or editorial lines of each publisher.

    En el primer tercio del siglo XX, Carmen de Burgos realizó una notable tarea para lograr el conocimiento de la literatura extranjera en España y tradujo más de treinta obras de autores tan variados como Ruskin, Renan, Moebius, Salgari o Rachilde. Se ha elegido ordenar sus traducciones de acuerdo con las editoriales que las publicaron para distinguir la línea editorial de cada una de ellas.

  16. El video en el desarrollo de competencias matemáticas, caso: Universidad Autónoma del Carmen

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    Juan José Díaz Perera; Carlos Enrique Recio Urdaneta; Mario Saucedo Fernández

    2011-01-01

    El presente trabajo tiene la intención de dar a conocer algunos retos que enfrentan las IES, la importancia del desarrollo de las competencias matemáticas y la inserción de los recursos tecnológicos en el currículo matemático. Además se plantea una de las necesidades de la educación matemática en el Estado de Campeche, donde es evidente el desarrollo de competencias matemáticas por parte de los alumnos en el proceso de aprendizaje y como la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen (UNACAR) da respu...

  17. Specialized consultant in radiological safety to the Ciudad del Carmen general hospital, PEMEX. III.- September and October of 2002; Asesoria especializada en seguridad radiologica al hospital general Ciudad del Carmen, PEMEX. III.- Septiembre y Octubre de 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Angeles C, A.; Rodriguez A, F.; Garcia A, J

    2003-02-15

    The Ciudad del Carmen general hospital, dependent of PEMEX, It request consultant of the ININ to be able to maintain their sanitary license for the use of X-ray equipment for the radiologic diagnostic.The proposal of the ININ was to be a program of technical attendance, schedule monthly to be able to solve the observations that are presented in the use of those equipment, and that the hospital can conserve its respective sanitary license.(Author)

  18. EL ARTE ES VIDA Y LA VIDA ES ARTE: LA PINTURA DE JOSÉ DEL CARMEN HERNÁNDEZ

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    Bogdan Piotrowski

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta aquí la obra artística de José del Carmen Hernández desde la premisa según la cual, al valorar su pintura podemos hablar del arte de la vida y de la vida artística plena. Se resalta su esforzada trayectoria de vida que lo ha llevado desde un humilde origen campesino hasta la formación artística académica y a través de tertulias de artistas en diferentes partes del mundo. Al destacar su obra pictórica, escultórica, mural y abstracta, se concluye con el vínculo actual del artista con su propia realidad y la esperanza como motor de su obra frente a la constata - ción de las violencias persistentes.

  19. Fault kinematics and depocenter evolution of oil-bearing, continental successions of the Mina del Carmen Formation (Albian) in the Golfo San Jorge basin, Argentina

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paredes, José Matildo; Plazibat, Silvana; Crovetto, Carolina; Stein, Julián; Cayo, Eric; Schiuma, Ariel

    2013-10-01

    Up to 10% of the liquid hydrocarbons of the Golfo San Jorge basin come from the Mina del Carmen Formation (Albian), an ash-dominated fluvial succession preserved in a variably integrated channel network that evolved coeval to an extensional tectonic event, poorly analyzed up to date. Fault orientation, throw distribution and kinematics of fault populations affecting the Mina del Carmen Formation were investigated using a 3D seismic dataset in the Cerro Dragón field (Eastern Sector of the Golfo San Jorge basin). Thickness maps of the seismic sub-units that integrate the Mina del Carmen Formation, named MEC-A-MEC-C in ascending order, and mapping of fluvial channels performed applying geophysical tools of visualization were integrated to the kinematical analysis of 20 main normal faults of the field. The study provides examples of changes in fault throw patterns with time, associated with faults of different orientations. The "main synrift phase" is characterized by NE-SW striking (mean Az = 49°), basement-involved normal faults that attains its maximum throw on top of the volcanic basement; this set of faults was active during deposition of the Las Heras Group and Pozo D-129 formation. A "second synrift phase" is recognized by E-W striking normal faults (mean Az = 91°) that nucleated and propagated from the Albian Mina del Carmen Formation. Fault activity was localized during deposition of the MEC-A sub-unit, but generalized during deposition of MEC-B sub-unit, producing centripetal and partially isolated depocenters. Upward decreasing in fault activity is inferred by more gradual thickness variation of MEC-C and the overlying Lower Member of Bajo Barreal Formation, evidencing passive infilling of relief associated to fault boundaries, and conformation of wider depocenters with well integrated networks of channels of larger dimensions but random orientation. Lately, the Mina del Carmen Formation was affected by the downward propagation of E-W to ESE-WNW striking

  20. Nódulos opalinos en facies marginales del salar Olaroz (Puna Argentina

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    Alonso, R.

    1989-04-01

    Full Text Available This article reports the results of a petrological and geochemical study of silica nodules from Quaternary alluvial fallS of the Olaroz Salar. The nodules are mainly constituted by C-T opal, d. (101 spacing to 4,11 A, implying a high-disorder; this is commonly observed in opa! rocks formed in near surface environments, without burial and heating. The chemical composition of the nodules is anomalous when compared with other typical silica-rocks formed in arid continental closed basin, without any eruptive environments (for instance the Cuenca del Tajo in Spain. The siliceous nodules do not have the characteristics of the silcretes and are not associated to the evaporitic facies of the salar. Their genesis is probably related to contamination of groundwater of the alluvial fan with high-silica thermal water. The C-T opal would thus precipitate by either displacing tbe terrigenous host-rock or replacing previous ulexite nodules.Se realiza un estudio petrológico y geoquímico de los nódulos silíceos que se encuentran incluidos en sedimentos terrígenos cuaternarios de la Cuenca de Olaroz (La Puna, Argentina. Estos nódulos se localizan en abanicos aluviales que aparecen encajados, debido a los cambios en el nivel de base que se produce desde el Pleistoceno a la actualidad, durante la evolución de los cuerpos lacustres a salares. Un estudio mediante DRX revela que son rocas constituidas por ópalo C-T, con un espaciado (101 a 4,11 A, que implica un grado de desorden alto, típico de las rocas silíceas formadas en superficie y que no han sufrido enterramiento ni influencia térmica. Su composición química es anómala si se compara con rocas silíceas continentales formadas en ambiente endorreico y fuera de un marco volcánico (Mioceno de la Cuenca del Tajo. No poseyendo características de silcretas y no estando asociadas a la sedimentación evaporítica de los salares, se considera la influencia de aguas termales. La contaminación local y en

  1. A “novel site”: Carmen Covito, writing, literature and technology ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    L'Internet cambia l'idea del libro e pone allo scrittore nuovi orizzonti di lettori prima impensabili. Carmen Covito è fra i primi scrittori italiani ad avere un proprio sito web. Le sue varie iniziative in internet hanno destato l'attenzione sia di critici culturali e letterari sia del grande pubblico. Tramite l'analisi di alcuni scritti di Covito ...

  2. A new species of Euzetia (Monogenea: Monocotylidae on the gills of Rhinoptera bonasus (Rhinopteridae from Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México Una especie nueva de Euzetia (Monogenea: Monocotylidae de las branquias de Rhinoptera bonasus (Rhinopteridae de Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Griselda Pulido-Flores

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Euzetia lamothei n. sp. (Monogenea: Euzetiinae is described from the gills of the stingray, Rhinoptera bonasus, collected from marine waters near Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico. The species is assigned to Euzetia Chisholm and Whittington, 2001 because it has a haptor with 10 peripheral loculi and 1 central loculus flanked by 2 lateral loculi. The species described herein can be distinguished from the only known member of the genus, E.occultum, by the morphology of the male copulatory organ, the vas deferens sigmoid, and the presence of a vaginal chamber. Euzetia lamothei n. sp. was found on 1 of 7 R.bonasus (14%. This species is the first record of a member of the genus from the neotropics, the first from Mexico, and the second report of a monocotylid from Rhinoptera.Se describe Euzetia lamothei n. sp. (Monogenea: Euzetiinae, parásito de la branquias de la mantarraya Rhinoptera bonasus, recolectada en Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México. Los ejemplares se asignaron a Euzetia Chisholm y Whittington, 2001 porque presentan un haptor con 10 loculi periféricos y 1 loculus central flanqueado por 2 loculi laterales. La especie aquí descrita se distingue de E.occultum por la morfología del órgano copulador, el vaso deferente sigmoide y la presencia de una cámara vaginal. Euzetia lamothei n. sp. se encontró en 1 de 7 R.bonasus (14%. Esta especie representa el primer registro de un miembro del género en el neotrópico, además es el primer registro en México, y el segundo de un monocotílido de Rhinoptera.

  3. RECONOCIMIENTO DEL CUERPO DESDE LA EDUCACIÓN EN SEXUALIDAD EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE SÉPTIMO DEL COLEGIO VILLEMAR EL CARMEN IED

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    Luz Adriana Prieto Cárdenas

    2016-01-01

    Este trabajo es el resultado de la práctica de intervención pedagógica e investigativa realizada en el año 2014, en el Colegio Villemar el Carmen ied, con los estudiantes de 705, jornada mañana. El problema investigativo se construyó a partir de los intereses e inquietudes que presentó el grupo de estudiantes respecto a su cuerpo y su sexualidad. El objetivo principal que guio esta investigación fue analizar la incidencia de la educación en sexualidad en el reconocimiento del cuerpo de los es...

  4. Vida de Carmen Caamaño Díaz : una voz del exilio interior

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    Mercedes Montero Caldera

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo recoge el testimonio oral de Carmen Caamaño Díaz (Madrid, 1911, quien a través de su memoria hace un recorrido autobiográfico en el que manifiesta la evolución de un compromiso ideológico que la convertiría en sujeto activo del exilio interior durante el régimen franquista. En su etapa universitaria, Carmen fue miembro de la junta Directiva de la FUE (Federación Española de Enseñantes y Secretaria General de la UFEH (Unión Federal de estudiantes Hispanoamericanos desde 1930 a 1931. Licenciada en Filosofía y Letras, trabajó en él Centro de estudios tiistohcos formando parte del equipo de investigación que dirigía Claudio Sáncfiez Albornoz. En 1937 ingresó en el P.C.E, desempeñando, entre otros cargos, el de Gobernadora Civil de Cuenca desde enero a marzo de 1939. Al finalizar la guerra, fue detenida y condenada a prisión. En 1941 trató de reorganizar en la clandestinidad el partido comunista en la provincia de Alicante, siendo nuevamente detenida y condenada a muerte, pena que le sería conmutada por la de cárcel. Depurada profesionalmente y bajo control policial durante varios años, su actividad de oposición al régimen de Franco la llevaría a cabo desde la Asociación de Mujeres Universitarias.This article includes the oral statement of Carmen Caamaño Díaz (Madrid, 1911, who covers her autobiography through her memory, expressing an ideogical compromise evolution through which she would become an active subjet of the inner exile throughout Franco's regime. While being a student at university, she was a member of the Board of Directors of the UFEH (Spanish Teachers Union and General Secretary of the UFEH (Latin American Student Union from 1930 to 1931. With a degree in Arts, she worked at the Centre of Historie Studies taking part within the investigation team conducted by Claudio Sánchez Albornoz. In 1937 she joined the Spanish Communist Party, performing the charge, amongst others, of Civil Governor

  5. Specialized consultant in radiological safety to the Ciudad del Carmen general hospital, PEMEX. III.- September and October of 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Angeles C, A.; Rodriguez A, F.; Garcia A, J.

    2003-02-01

    The Ciudad del Carmen general hospital, dependent of PEMEX, It request consultant of the ININ to be able to maintain their sanitary license for the use of X-ray equipment for the radiologic diagnostic.The proposal of the ININ was to be a program of technical attendance, schedule monthly to be able to solve the observations that are presented in the use of those equipment, and that the hospital can conserve its respective sanitary license.(Author)

  6. Programa de hipertensión arterial. hospital el carmen de santafé de bogotá

    OpenAIRE

    Chiappe, Félix M.; Bottia, Luis E.

    2010-01-01

    El presente trabajo es el producto de la participación de docentes y estudiantes de pre y post-grado de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional de Bogotá, en el desarrollo del programa de hipertensión arterial en el hasta hace algunos días llamado Hospital El Carmen, hoy Cami II El Carmen Sur, de Santafé de Bogotá, durante más de 14 años.

  7. Assessing groundwater recharge in an Andean closed basin using isotopic characterization and a rainfall-runoff model: Salar del Huasco basin, Chile

    Science.gov (United States)

    Uribe, Javier; Muñoz, José F.; Gironás, Jorge; Oyarzún, Ricardo; Aguirre, Evelyn; Aravena, Ramón

    2015-11-01

    Closed basins are catchments whose drainage networks converge to lakes, salt flats or alluvial plains. Salt flats in the closed basins in arid northern Chile are extremely important ecological niches. The Salar del Huasco, one of these salt flats located in the high plateau (Altiplano), is a Ramsar site located in a national park and is composed of a wetland ecosystem rich in biodiversity. The proper management of the groundwater, which is essential for the wetland function, requires accurate estimates of recharge in the Salar del Huasco basin. This study quantifies the spatio-temporal distribution of the recharge, through combined use of isotopic characterization of the different components of the water cycle and a rainfall-runoff model. The use of both methodologies aids the understanding of hydrological behavior of the basin and enabled estimation of a long-term average recharge of 22 mm/yr (i.e., 15 % of the annual rainfall). Recharge has a high spatial variability, controlled by the geological and hydrometeorological characteristics of the basin, and a high interannual variability, with values ranging from 18 to 26 mm/yr. The isotopic approach allowed not only the definition of the conceptual model used in the hydrological model, but also eliminated the possibility of a hydrogeological connection between the aquifer of the Salar del Huasco basin and the aquifer that feeds the springs of the nearby town of Pica. This potential connection has been an issue of great interest to agriculture and tourism activities in the region.

  8. CARMENES instrument overview

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quirrenbach, A.; Amado, P. J.; Caballero, J. A.; Mundt, R.; Reiners, A.; Ribas, I.; Seifert, W.; Abril, M.; Aceituno, J.; Alonso-Floriano, F. J.; Ammler-von Eiff, M.; Antona Jiménez, R.; Anwand-Heerwart, H.; Azzaro, M.; Bauer, F.; Barrado, D.; Becerril, S.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Benítez, D.; Berdiñas, Z. M.; Cárdenas, M. C.; Casal, E.; Claret, A.; Colomé, J.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Czesla, S.; Doellinger, M.; Dreizler, S.; Feiz, C.; Fernández, M.; Galadí, D.; Gálvez-Ortiz, M. C.; García-Piquer, A.; García-Vargas, M. L.; Garrido, R.; Gesa, L.; Gómez Galera, V.; González Álvarez, E.; González Hernández, J. I.; Grözinger, U.; Guàrdia, J.; Guenther, E. W.; de Guindos, E.; Gutiérrez-Soto, J.; Hagen, H.-J.; Hatzes, A. P.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Helmling, J.; Henning, T.; Hermann, D.; Hernández Castaño, L.; Herrero, E.; Hidalgo, D.; Holgado, G.; Huber, A.; Huber, K. F.; Jeffers, S.; Joergens, V.; de Juan, E.; Kehr, M.; Klein, R.; Kürster, M.; Lamert, A.; Lalitha, S.; Laun, W.; Lemke, U.; Lenzen, R.; López del Fresno, Mauro; López Martí, B.; López-Santiago, J.; Mall, U.; Mandel, H.; Martín, E. L.; Martín-Ruiz, S.; Martínez-Rodríguez, H.; Marvin, C. J.; Mathar, R. J.; Mirabet, E.; Montes, D.; Morales Muñoz, R.; Moya, A.; Naranjo, V.; Ofir, A.; Oreiro, R.; Pallé, E.; Panduro, J.; Passegger, V.-M.; Pérez-Calpena, A.; Pérez Medialdea, D.; Perger, M.; Pluto, M.; Ramón, A.; Rebolo, R.; Redondo, P.; Reffert, S.; Reinhardt, S.; Rhode, P.; Rix, H.-W.; Rodler, F.; Rodríguez, E.; Rodríguez-López, C.; Rodríguez-Pérez, E.; Rohloff, R.-R.; Rosich, A.; Sánchez-Blanco, E.; Sánchez Carrasco, M. A.; Sanz-Forcada, J.; Sarmiento, L. F.; Schäfer, S.; Schiller, J.; Schmidt, C.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Solano, E.; Stahl, O.; Storz, C.; Stürmer, J.; Suárez, J. C.; Ulbrich, R. G.; Veredas, G.; Wagner, K.; Winkler, J.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Zechmeister, M.; Abellán de Paco, F. J.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; del Burgo, C.; Klutsch, A.; Lizon, J. L.; López-Morales, M.; Morales, J. C.; Perryman, M. A. C.; Tulloch, S. M.; Xu, W.

    2014-07-01

    This paper gives an overview of the CARMENES instrument and of the survey that will be carried out with it during the first years of operation. CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) is a next-generation radial-velocity instrument under construction for the 3.5m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory by a consortium of eleven Spanish and German institutions. The scientific goal of the project is conducting a 600-night exoplanet survey targeting ~ 300 M dwarfs with the completed instrument. The CARMENES instrument consists of two separate echelle spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 0.55 to 1.7 μm at a spectral resolution of R = 82,000, fed by fibers from the Cassegrain focus of the telescope. The spectrographs are housed in vacuum tanks providing the temperature-stabilized environments necessary to enable a 1 m/s radial velocity precision employing a simultaneous calibration with an emission-line lamp or with a Fabry-Perot etalon. For mid-M to late-M spectral types, the wavelength range around 1.0 μm (Y band) is the most important wavelength region for radial velocity work. Therefore, the efficiency of CARMENES has been optimized in this range. The CARMENES instrument consists of two spectrographs, one equipped with a 4k x 4k pixel CCD for the range 0.55 - 1.05 μm, and one with two 2k x 2k pixel HgCdTe detectors for the range from 0.95 - 1.7μm. Each spectrograph will be coupled to the 3.5m telescope with two optical fibers, one for the target, and one for calibration light. The front end contains a dichroic beam splitter and an atmospheric dispersion corrector, to feed the light into the fibers leading to the spectrographs. Guiding is performed with a separate camera; on-axis as well as off-axis guiding modes are implemented. Fibers with octagonal cross-section are employed to ensure good stability of the output in the presence of residual guiding errors. The

  9. Hydrogeology of the lacustrine system of the eastern margin of the Salar the Atacama (Chile); Hidrogeologia del sistema lagunar del margen este del Salar de Atacama (Chile)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Salas, J.; Guimera, J.; Cornella, O.; Aravena, R.; Guzman, E.; Tore, C.; von Igel, W.; Moreno, R.

    2010-07-01

    A hydrogeological conceptual model of the Eastern margin of the Salar de Atacama (Chile) is proposed taking into account climatic, geological, geomorphological, piezometric, chemical and isotopic data. The study establishes the processes that explain the hydrochemical evolution of waters from salty groundwater in the alluvial aquifer located in eastern part of basin until brines at the saline aquifer of the Salar. The main processes associated with this hydrochemical evolution are evaporation and mixing, but water-crust interaction in the discharge areas of the alluvial aquifer associated with the saline wedge also modifies groundwater composition, and plays a role in the dynamics of the evaporitic crusts in the Salar. The existence of low permeability materials near the surface explains the existence of the permanent surface water bodies in the study area. Based on the data collected in the study three different mechanisms are proposed regarding the main sources of water to the lagoons: (1) discharge of saline groundwater from the detrital and volcanic aquifers of the E margin, (2) discharge of surface waters associated to the N area (Burro Muerto channel), and (3) a combination of both previous mechanisms. (Author).

  10. Ethnoarchéologie du salar d'Uyuni: sel et cultures régionales inter salar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    1985-01-01

    Full Text Available Le sel a toujours été l'une des denrées fondamentalement indispensables à la vie quotidienne des hommes. Abondant dans les hauts plateaux des Andes centrales, il constitue l'une des principales richesses des populations locales. Transporté par caravanes de lamas vers d'autres écozones où il est troqué, littoral pacifique, moyennes et basses vallées orientales, il permet à chaque communauté d'acquérir les matières premières complémentaires nécessaires à sa propre subsistance: maïs, piment, coca ou algues... En Bolivie, les grands salars d'Uyuni et de Coipasa sont les principaux centres d'approvisionnement en sel. Leur exploitation à l'échelle régionale semblerait remonter bien avant la colonisation espagnole? La zone 'inter salar,' comprise entre ces deux grandes salines proches de la frontière chilienne, est la mieux localisée pour essayer de déterminer l'exploitation dont elles ont pu faire l'objet par les diverses cultures régionales anciennes ou plus contemporaines. Cette interrogation est à la base du projet d'ethnoarchéologie commencé sur cette région. Cet article présente les premiers résultats de la prospection archéologique menée du 15 novembre au 15 décembre 1983 dans le cadre de ce programme. Il révèle l'existence de nombreux sites fortifiés ou d'inhumations pré-inca correspondant, dans leur ensemble, à des cultures ou grandes chefferies régionales ou 'señoríos' post-Tiwanaku, pouvant être liés au salar et au commerce du sel? Il met l'accent sur les problèmes soulevés par cette étude, les possibilités d'interprétation que nous pouvons avancer et les orientations souhaitées pour compléter ce projet. Siempre la sal ha sido uno de los productos fundamentalmente necesarios para la vida cotidiana del ser humano. Muy abundante en el altiplano de los Andes centrales, la sal constituye, para las poblaciones locales, una de sus riquezas más valiosas. Cargada y trasladada por caravanas de

  11. Carmen de Burgos y Ramón Gómez de la Serna

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ubach Medina, Antonio

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Carmen de Burgos, born in the southern province of Almería, arrives to Madrid at the beginning of the 20th century. She has decided to maintain her independence after an unhappy marriage and to earn her bread with her writings. She also uses them to promote different social issues, her idea of literature and the young writers who are starting their careers. Ramón Gómez de la Serna, twenty years her younger, meets her in 1908, when he is starting his career. Carmen represents the ideal woman he describes in his conference titled “The New Literature”. Along the next twenty years they share their lives, travels and writing in a rich partnership that ends suddenly in 1929 after the short flirt of Carmen’s daughter with the writer.

    Carmen de Burgos, proveniente de la sureña provincia de Almería, llega a Madrid a principios del s. XX, decidida a mantener su independencia tras un desdichado matrimonio y a ganarse la vida escribiendo, apoyando una serie de causas sociales, su idea de la literatura y los jóvenes valores. Ramón Gómez de la Serna, veinte años más joven que ella, la conoce en 1908, cuando comienza su carrera literaria. Carmen encarna el ideal de mujer que describe en su conferencia sobre “La nueva literatura”. Durante veinte años comparten vida, viajes y escritura en una fructífera compañía que termina bruscamente en 1929 tras la relación fugaz de la hija de Carmen con el escritor.

  12. Incidence of variables in the Transfer of Tacit Knowledge of Marketing in the hotel sector of Playa del Carmen city, Mexico.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Zapata

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación permitió validar un modelo de influencia de la intención de aprendizaje de market‑ ing, motivación personal y capacidad de absorción de conocimiento de marketing en la adquisición de conocimien‑ to tácito de marketing y esto a su vez en la transferencia de conocimiento tácito de marketing entre los empleados de pequeñas y medianas empresas hoteleras en la ciudad de Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo, México. A través de una investigación cuantitativa y transversal, se integraron 229 empleados del sector hotelero. Los resultados mostraron que la motivación personal y la intención de aprender marketing intervienen positivamente en la adquisición de conocimiento tácito de marketing y, con influencia de la capacidad de absorción del conocimiento de marketing, impactan directamente la transferencia de conocimiento tácito de marketing.

  13. Hanhaqimei,a Salar Woman

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    1997-01-01

    The Salar nationality,with apopulation of 87,697,mainly settles in Xunhua Salar Nationality Autonomous County in eastern Qinghai Province.The Salar have their own spoken language,but no written script.Most of the Salar use Mandarin Chinese.According to legend and historians,their ancestors movde to Xunhua from Middle Asia in the 13th century.The Salar living by the Yellow River engage in agriculture and animal husbandry as their Primary means of support. The Salar believe in Islam and are also greatly influenced by confucian culture developed by the Han nationality.

  14. Rock Magnetic Properties of Laguna Carmen (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina): Implications for Paleomagnetic Reconstruction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gogorza, C. G.; Orgeira, M. J.; Ponce, F.; Fernández, M.; Laprida, C.; Coronato, A.

    2013-05-01

    We report preliminary results obtained from a multi-proxy analysis including paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic studies of two sediment cores of Laguna Carmen (53°40'60" S 68°19'0" W, ~83m asl) in the semiarid steppe in northern Tierra del Fuego island, Southernmost Patagonia, Argentina. Two short cores (115 cm) were sampled using a Livingstone piston corer during the 2011 southern fall. Sediments are massive green clays (115 to 70 cm depth) with irregularly spaced thin sandy strata and lens. Massive yellow clay with thin sandy strata continues up to 30 cm depth; from here up to 10 cm yellow massive clays domain. The topmost 10 cm are mixed yellow and green clays with fine sand. Measurements of intensity and directions of Natural Remanent Magnetization (NRM), magnetic susceptibility, isothermal remanent magnetization, saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), back field and anhysteretic remanent magnetization at 100 mT (ARM100mT) were performed and several associated parameters calculated (ARM100mT/k and SIRM/ ARM100mT). Also, as a first estimate of relative magnetic grain-size variations, the median destructive field of the NRM (MDFNRM), was determined. Additionally, we present results of magnetic parameters measured with vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The stability of the NRM was analyzed by alternating field demagnetization. The magnetic properties have shown variable values, showing changes in both grain size and concentration of magnetic minerals. It was found that the main carrier of remanence is magnetite with the presence of hematite in very low percentages. This is the first paleomagnetic study performed in lakes located in the northern, semiarid fuegian steppe, where humid-dry cycles have been interpreted all along the Holocene from an aeolian paleosoil sequence (Orgeira et el, 2012). Comparison between paleomagnetic records of Laguna Carmen and results obtained in earlier studies carried out at Laguna Potrok Aike (Gogorza et al., 2012

  15. José del Carmen Acosta. Un hombre sin enemigos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Guzmán Mora

    1990-08-01

    hasta entonces cálida relación médico paciente, que si bien no curaba, siempre consolada, para citar el conocido refrán popular.

    El hombre que marca en nuestro medio bogotano el período de transición entre la formación médica de influencia francesa y la nueva formacion norteamericana es el profesor José del Carmen Acosta Villaveces, gineco-obstetra de oficio, cirujano de corazón, internista de pensamiento y gran maestro de generaciones médicas colombianas entre los años de 1920 y 1960, época de cruciales cambios políticos, crisis de valores filosóficos y profundas transformaciones científicas, que formaron el criterio de la generación que tuvo que sufrir el mayor paso evolutivo de la educación médica en nuestro país...

  16. Carmen Martín Gaite: la escritura terapéutica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Escartín Gual, Montserrat

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available This article discusses the therapeutic power of the written and oral communication, as well as the benefit of reading literary texts proposed by the narrative of Carmen Martín Gaite. If the author prioritized spoken communication in her first novels, with the passing of time, defended her narrative writing versus orality, making it the vehicle of choice for characters to communicate and ultimately for herself, to find the healing through the word.En este artículo se analiza el poder terapéutico de la comunicación oral y escrita, así como el beneficio de la lectura de textos literarios que propone la narrativa de Carmen Martín Gaite. Si la autora priorizó la comunicación hablada en su primeras novelas, con el paso del tiempo, su discurso narrativo defendió la escritura frente a la oralidad, convirtiéndola en el vehículo elegido por sus personajes para comunicarse y, en definitiva por ella misma, para buscar la curación a través de la palabra.

  17. Depressive states and adolescent alcohol consumption secondary in Ciudad del Carmen Campeche, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Yovani Telumbre Terrero

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: Adolescence is a stage where personal identity is sought and each teenager experiences this period of life in different ways, allowing him to obtain physical, emotional and cognitive maturity. Objective: To determine the relationship between depressive states and alcohol consumption in adolescents from middle school in Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México. Methods: A correlational descriptive study, conducted in 327 middle school adolescents. Data collection uses a personal data record and alcohol consumption and the Beck Depression Inventory. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS, version 23.0, using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: 53.5% of adolescents have ever consumed alcohol, 33.9% in the last year, 20.5% in the last month and 10,1% in the last week. 13.4% of adolescents present mild depression, 11% moderate depression and 8.3% severe depression. There is a positive and significant relationship between depressive states and the amount of alcohol consumed by adolescents on a typical day (rs = 0.163, p = 0.003. Conclusion: The phenomenon of addiction represents an area of opportunity for health professionals in education and health promotion and prevention of disease at various levels of health care.

  18. ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE OF CARMEN IN VARIOUS WORKS OF ART

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    VARNACOVA ELEONORA

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This article summarized the history of Carmen`s character starting with the creation of the novella by Prosper Merimee, and to this day. The name Carmen is associated with beauty, wiliness, freedom and love, that is why there are so many interpretations of this character in diff erent fi elds of art such as the opera painting, ballet and cinematography. The image of Carmen presented in such works as an opera by Bizet, Shchedrin’s ballet, Blok`s poems, in the fi lms (made by Vicente Aranda and Van Alexander, in the ballet „Carmen TV” staged by Poklitaru Rada will continue to dynamically develop and reveal new features of this image of freedom and love.

  19. La narrativa de Carmen de Burgos, Colombine. El universo humano y los lenguajes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Núñez Rey, Concepción

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Carmen de Burgos (Almería, 1867-Madrid, 1932 with her literary and erudite work was part of the main currents of the Spanish literature throughout the first third of the XXth. Century. The dimension and variety of the work seem endless: more than a hundred short and long novels, literary studies, travel books, biographies, translations, social studies. She was the first female newspaper editor. She published thousands of articles in the main Spanish and foreign publications. The yearning of modernity and social justice always guided her. As far as her literary trajectory is concerned, Carmen de Burgos always held two complementary paths that she followed throughout different tendencies and influences and ordered her wide production: her commitment to society and a constant desire of plenitude that pushed her to explore the world looking for an unreachable paradise. Travelling therefore occupied most part of her life and work. Vitalism and rationalism define her life and her literature.Carmen de Burgos (Almería, 1867-Madrid, 1932 participó con su obra literaria y erudita en las corrientes fundamentales de la literatura española a lo largo del primer tercio del siglo XX. La dimensión y variedad de su obra parece inabarcable: más de un centenar de novelas cortas y largas, estudios literarios, libros de viajes, biografías, traducciones, estudios sociales. Primera mujer redactora de un periódico, publicó miles de artículos en las principales publicaciones españolas y también extranjeras. Siempre la guió un anhelo de modernidad y de justicia social. En cuanto a su trayectoria literaria, Carmen de Burgos sostuvo siempre dos caminos complementarios, que mantuvo a través de distintas tendencias e influencias, y que ordenan su extensa producción: su compromiso con la sociedad y un permanente anhelo de plenitud que la empuja a explorar el mundo, en busca de un paraíso inalcanzable. Los viajes ocuparon por ello gran parte de su vida y de sus

  20. Un puente entre España y Portugal: Carmen de Burgos y su amistad con Ana de Castro Osório

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Núñez Rey, Concepción

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Spain and Portugal experienced a time of intense cultural exchange from 1915 onwards through two major female figures in the two countries who were bound by strong intellectual and personal links. Ana de Castro was a writer prominent in politics, journalism and Portuguese literature from the late 19th century, and Carmen de Burgos was the first professional Spanish woman journalist and one of the most important writers of the first third of the 20th century. They shared the ideals of equality for women and social justice for all, in conjunction with their incessant work in the press and in literary creation: Ana de Castro, more as a political figure, Carmen de Burgos, more as writer. We remember here the intense activity that they shared and the wide echo that it found in the press of both countries.España y Portugal vivieron un tiempo de intenso intercambio cultural a partir de 1915 a través de dos grandes figuras femeninas de ambos países, unidas por fuertes vínculos intelectuales y personales. Ana de Castro fue una escritora muy destacada en la política, en el periodismo y en la literatura lusas desde finales del siglo XIX, y Carmen de Burgos fue la primera periodista profesional española y una de las escritoras más importantes del primer tercio del siglo XX. Ambas compartieron grandes ideales de igualdad para la mujer y de justicia social para todos, unidos a una incesante labor periodística y literaria: Ana de Castro, más como política, Carmen de Burgos, más como escritora. Recordamos aquí la intensa actividad compartida y el amplio eco que encontró en la prensa de los dos países.

  1. La dimensión del descalabro: Carmen Vincenti ante la fundación de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela Carmen Vicenti facing the foundation of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Libertad Suárez

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available La década de los años noventa, en Venezuela, fue sinónimo de una crisis generalizada de los sistemas políticos y económicos, que se tradujo en la proliferación de representaciones mediáticas y literarias con tintes abiertamente apocalípticos. A partir del año 1998, con el triunfo en las elecciones presidenciales del líder militar de las intentonas golpistas del año 1992, surgió a la par de esta visión desoladora de la República una corriente discursiva mucho más utópica, que también alcanzaba tanto a los medios de comunicación social, como a la literatura. Más que de un diálogo, podría hablarse de una lucha simbólica que se llevó a cabo tanto en los espacios académicos como en la producción de objetos culturales, y que buscaba construir y/o deconstruir el discurso político estructurado desde los espacios de poder. Como ocurre con frecuencia ante estos gestos sobreinclusivos, en los márgenes de las dos grandes líneas de pensamiento confrontadas emergió una serie de expresiones alternativas que reivindicaban el derecho a ser en sociedad de una amplia gama de subjetividades excluidas de los dos proyectos de nación enfrentados. Precisamente, en este marco se inscribe la novela La noche oscura del alma (2002, de Carmen Vincenti, texto que además de funcionar como una suerte de glosa a las escrituras canónicas en torno a la fundación de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, sirve también como dispositivo de inscripción de la mujer intelectual en el campo cultural venezolano del siglo XXI.The Nineties, in Venezuela , were synonymous of a generalized crisis of the political and economic systems that was translated in the proliferation of media and literary representations with openly apocalyptic dyes. Parallel, from year 1998, with the victory in the presidential elections of the military leader of rebel attempts of year 1992, Hugo Chávez, it appeared on a par from this devastating vision of the Republic, a

  2. Influencia del α-tocoferol en la incorporación y peroxidación del ácido araquidónico en alevines parr de salmón del Atlántico (Salmo salar L. Influence of α-tocopherol on arachidonic acid deposition and peroxidation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L. fingerlings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricio Dantagnan

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó el efecto sinérgico del ácido araquidónico (ARA (20:4n-6 y el α-tocoferol en la acumulación de estos nutrientes y su peroxidación en el músculo e hígado en juveniles de salmón del Atlántico (Salmo salar. Grupos por triplicado se alimentaron por 12 semanas con ocho dietas experimentales que contenían diferentes niveles de ácido araquidónico y α-tocoferol. Los parámetros productivos no se vieron afectados (P > 0,05 por las dietas suministradas. La acumulación del ARA en el músculo e hígado mostró diferencias significativas (P The synergistic effect of arachidonic acid (ARA (20:4n-6 and α-tocopherol on the accumulation of fatty acids and the peroxidation of lipids in liver and muscle was evaluated in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar juveniles. Triplicate groups were fed during 12 weeks with eight experimental diets with different levels of ARA and α-tocopherol. In all experimental diets the productive parameters were not affected (P > 0.05. ARA accumulation in muscle and liver showed significant differences (P < 0.05 between treatments. The synergic relationship between ARAAx4ocopherol was influenced (P < 0.05 only in the liver, showing that high levels of α-tocopherol and ARA favored the fatty acids accumulation in this organ. Results indicate that a dietary concentration up to 0.6% ARA, the increment of α-tocopherol is not necessary. The data obtained in this study demonstrated that the interaction between the ARA and α-tocopherol influenced the accumulation of fatty acids in the liver.

  3. The 4π neutron detector CARMEN

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ledoux, X., E-mail: Xavier.ledoux@ganil.fr [CEA/DAM/DIF, F-91297 Arpajon (France); GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, F-14076 France (France); Laborie, J.-M.; Pras, P.; Lantuéjoul-Thfoin, I.; Varignon, C. [CEA/DAM/DIF, F-91297 Arpajon (France)

    2017-02-01

    CARMEN is a 4π neutron detector filled with a gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator built to measure neutron multiplicity distributions. It is used to study fission and (n,xn) reactions. In addition to neutron multiplicity measurements, CARMEN can be used to measure neutron energy spectra with the time-of-flight technique, thanks to the time properties of the prompt signal. The detector, detection technique and efficiency determination are presented in detail. Two examples are also presented: the measurement of {sup 252}Cf spontaneous fission neutron multiplicity probability distribution and the measurement of the neutron energy spectrum emitted by an Am-Be radioactive source.

  4. Genetic differentiation and forensic efficiency evaluation for Chinese Salar ethnic minority based on a 5-dye multiplex insertion and deletion panel.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Ruilin; Shen, Chunmei; Wei, Yuanyuan; Jin, Xiaoye; Guo, Yuxin; Mu, Yuling; Sun, Siqi; Chen, Chong; Cui, Wei; Wei, Zhaoming; Lian, Zhenmin

    2018-06-20

    The present study investigated the genetic diversities of 30 autosomal insertion and deletion (InDel) loci of Investigator DIPplex kit (Qiagen) in Chinese Salar ethnic minority and explored the genetic relationships between the studied Salar group and other populations. The allelic frequencies of deletion alleles at the 30 InDel loci were in the range of 0.1739 (HLD64) to 0.8478 (HLD39). The discrimination power, polymorphism information content and probability of exclusion ranged from 0.4101 (HLD39) to 0.6447 (HLD136), 0.2247 (HLD39) to 0.3750 (HLD92) and 0.0400 (HLD39) to 0.2806 (HLD92), respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosity were in the range of 0.2348 (HLD39) to 0.5913 (HLD92), and 0.2580 (HLD39) to 0.5000 (HLD92), respectively. The cumulative discrimination power and probability of exclusion of the 30 loci reached 0.999999999993418 and 0.99039, respectively. The results of population genetic differentiation comparisons revealed that Salar group had similar allele distributions with Qinghai Tibetan, Xibe and Yi groups. Population Bayesian cluster analysis showed that there were similar ancestry components between Salar group and most Chinese populations. Besides, the principal components analysis and phylogenetic reconstructions further indicated that Salar group had intimate genetic relationships with Qinghai Tibetan and Xibe groups. In short, the results of the current studies indicated the genetic distributions of the 30 InDel loci in Salar group were relatively high genetic polymorphisms, which could be used in forensic individual identifications and as a supplementary tool for complex paternity testing. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Foco de leishmaniasis en El Hobo, municipio de El Carmen de Bolívar, Bolívar, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Alberto Cortés

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. Se describen las características epidemiológica e importancia de la especies de Lutzomyia presentes en un foco de leishmaniasis en la vereda El Hobo Carmen de Bolívar, departamento de Bolívar. Objetivos. Obtener un conocimiento preliminar de la transmisión de leishmaniasis en la vereda El Hobo Carmen de Bolívar. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron datos epidemiológicos y se realizaron capturas de flebótomos con trampas CDC y cebo humano en la vereda El Hobo. Para establecer la sero prevalencia de leishmaniasis visceral canina se hizo un estudio en perros mediante la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta. Resultados. Se capturaron nueve especies de Lutzomyia: L. trinidadensis, L. evansi, L .cayennensis, L. venezuelensis, L. gomezi,L. dubitans, L. ylephiletor, L. yuilli, y L. walkeri. Las especie de mayor importancia por sus implicaciones en la transmisión de leishmaniasis cutánea y visceral fueron L. gomezi, y L. evansi respectivamente. Se reporta por primera vez para Bolívar especimenes de L. venezuelensis, L. dubitans, L. ylephiletor, L. yuilli, y L. walkeri. Se determinó una prevalencia de leishmaniasis visceral del 36% en los caninos estudiados. Según los reportes epidemiológicos, en el 2002 en el municipio de Carmen de Bolívar la leishmaniasis cutánea mostró un aumento del 40% y la leishmaniasis visceral canina del 80% de los casos con respecto al 2001, debido al brote presentado en la vereda El Hobo Conclusiones. Los resultados determinan a la vereda El Hobo como una zona de riesgo potencial de transmisión de leishmaniasis cutánea y visceral.

  6. Las pautas matrimoniales de los inmigrantes españoles en la ciudad de Carmen de Patagones, prov. de Buenos Aires (1889-1958), Argentina

    OpenAIRE

    Caratini, Alicia Liliana; Videla, Blanca; Carnese, Francisco R.

    2001-01-01

    A fines del siglo XVIII la Corona Española concibió la posibilidad de establecerse en forma permanente en la Patagonia. Aproximadamente 2.000 individuos partieron desde el puerto de La Coruña, de los que sólo un 10% llegó a la costa patagónica, fundando la ciudad de Carmen de Patagones. Nuestro objetivo es analizar: 1) los vínculos endo-exogámicos y la edad de acceso al matrimonio de los inmigrantes españoles de Carmen de Patagones; 2) comparar los resultados respecto a los obtenidos en Río G...

  7. a salar elahi

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Pramana – Journal of Physics. A SALAR ELAHI. Articles written in Pramana – Journal of Physics. Volume 87 Issue 5 November 2016 pp 81 Regular. Analysis of tokamak plasma confinement modes using the fast Fourier transformation · S R MIRMOEINI A SALAR ELAHI M GHORANNEVISS · More Details ...

  8. Espacios y viajes en la vida y en la obra de Carmen de Burgos Colombine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Núñez Rey, Concepción

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Carmen de Burgos (1867-1932 symbolized at her time the efforts to support the progress and the modern ideas; the ideas that the Regenerationism trend had encouraged in Spain. From her very arrival to Madrid in 1901 from her Almeria home town, she started a literary and journalistic career punctuated by so many successes. She signed as Colombine, and became the first female editor of a journal (Diario Universal, 1903, and then the first Spanish War correspondent (Heraldo de Madrid, 1909. She accumulated a large and rich culture made of erudition and was an indefatigable and experienced world-traveller from the European limits to the American furthest corners. Both the spaces and the travels have been given a special importance in her narrative work. Her legacy is made of nearly two hundred titles -among these short and long novels, essays, biographies, travel books, literary studies, translations, prologues, books of interviews along with thousands of articles published by the Spanish and the foreign press- it is a largest literary and scholarly work: a polygraph’s work. She was both a minded and an action woman that launched so many press campaigns in favour of social and political causes, especially in favour of women. In our literary story, Carmen de Burgos is the writer who covers the tendencies during the first third of the 20th century, from the Generation of 98 to the innovative currents, our silver age.Carmen de Burgos (1867-1932 simbolizó en su tiempo el afán de progreso y de modernidad que alentó en España la corriente del Regeneracionismo. Desde su llegada a Madrid en 1901, procedente de su Almería natal, emprendió una carrera literaria y periodística jalonada de éxitos. Firmando como Colombine, se convirtió en la primera mujer redactora de un periódico (Diario Universal, 1903, y más tarde en nuestra primera corresponsal de guerra (Heraldo de Madrid, 1909. Acumuló una vasta y rica cultura, hecha de erudición y de

  9. THE PLAY CARMEN TV IN RADU POCLITARU`S CONCEPTION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    VARNACOVA ELEONORA

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Radu Poklitaru is one of the famous choreographers of our century, who created the theatre of the new generation and staged the play Carmen TV in a new vision. Poklitaru’s interpretation of Carmen, based on the works of world classical culture has emphasized the choreographer`s individuality, a brave manner of showing the characters, changes in the storyline, creativity and freedom in movements.

  10. Nota editorial: la medalla del internado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Facultad de Medicina Revista

    1940-05-01

    Full Text Available Discursos pronunciados por el Profesor jefe José del Carmen Acosta y el estudiante Eduardo J. Rivera, con motivo de la entrega de la Medalla del Internado, correspondiente al año de 1939.

  11. Perspectiva sobre una Personalidad Senera: Carmen Fischer Ramirez (Perspective on a Singular Personality: Carmen Fischer Ramirez).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quezeda, Dina Alarcon

    1992-01-01

    Traces the career of Carmen Fischer Ramirez, focusing on her work in improving early childhood education in Chile. Reviews her university career, work with the World Organization for Early Childhood Education, and major publications. (AC)

  12. LA FRECUENCIA DEL USO DEL USTED EN TRES ZONAS DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTIOQUIA (COLOMBIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ji Son Jang

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan algunos resultados de una investigación sobre la selección pronominal acerca del uso del usted, llevada a cabo en tres municipios del departamento colombiano de Antioquia: la ciudad de Medellín (zona urbana; Carmen de Viboral (zona semirrural, y Andes (zona rural. La población estudiada está constituida por los informantes de edades entre 13 y 34 años. La variable social para este artículo es el lugar de la vivienda de los informantes (zona urbana, semirrural o rural. Para llevar a cabo la investigación, se aplicó un cuestionario, en el cual aparecen distintos tipos interaccionales, a los informantes en las zonas mencionadas; se obtuvieron 1940 informantes. La estadística muestra que, en la gran mayoría de relaciones interpersonales, en Andes se usa más el usted que en Carmen de Viboral y, en este último municipio, más que en Medellín.

  13. Carmen Bernand

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Entrevista (en francés/Entretien Presentación Carmen Muñoz Bernand se graduó en antropología en la Universidad de Buenos Aires, en 1964, siendo con otros compañeros estudiantes quienes contribuyeron a crear esta carrera universitaria. Ese mismo año viajó a Francia con el fin de comenzar un doctorado con Claude Lévi-Strauss, tesis defendida en 1970. En 1972 empredió una tesis de Estado – en Francia hasta los años ochenta se requerían dos tesis de doctorado para poder aspirar al Profesorado de...

  14. Carmen, me jumaldame sind! / Tarmo Vahter

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Vahter, Tarmo, 1970-

    2000-01-01

    1999. a. märtsis tegevust alustanud, arvutispetsialist Alwyn Greeri loodud Carmen Kassi koduleheküljest internetis (www.versailles.net/ck/index.htm). C. Kassi interneti külalisteraamatust leitud meiliaadressidel tehtud järelepärimisest.

  15. Monitoreo geoquímico de un sistema evaporítico natural: salar de Huasco (Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ingrid Garcés Millas

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un proceso de evaporación a escala de laboratorio con salmueras del Salar de Huasco, con el objeto de estudiar la pauta de evolución geoquímica y contrastarlo con el medio natural. La secuencia de precipitación obtenida fue calcita, yeso, thenardita y halita, minerales cuya presencia se comprobó mediante difractometría de rayos X. Estos resultados se corresponden con la sucesión de los estados de equilibrio que alcanzan las salmueras a lo largo de su progresiva concentración por evaporación, de acuerdo con los cálculos geoquímicos realizados con el código PHRQPITZ. La modelización geoquímica ha permitido comprobar que las situaciones de equilibrio se alcanzan en el dispositivo experimental en distintas etapas evolutivas a las observadas en el sistema natural. Este hecho se debe principalmente a dos factores, en primer lugar a la interacción de las soluciones diluidas de recarga del salar con la costra salina periférica rica en yeso, cuya disolución provoca alcanzar el equilibrio con esta fase mineralógica mucho antes en el sistema natural que en el laboratorio; y por otra, a la precipitación de mirabilita como consecuencia de las oscilaciones térmicas diarias, causantes de que el equilibrio con halita se alcance en el salar en una etapa evolutiva más avanzada que en el experimento, resultado del consumo de sodio, por precipitación de mirabilita.

  16. Ambiente de Aprendizaje Apoyado en el Uso de WebQuest, como Mediador en la Construcción de Conocimientos Geométricos, en Estudiantes de Sexto Grado del Colegio Villemar el Carmen, de la Ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Barajas Carrillo, Nery J.

    2016-01-01

    El presente trabajo de investigación es de tipo mixto y aborda la enseñanza de la geometría en estudiantes de sexto grado de básica secundaria del colegio Villemar El Carmen, ubicado en Bogotá Colombia, por medio del uso de las WebQuest. El proyecto se plantea para optimizar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la geometría a partir de experiencias significativas y motivadoras para los estudiantes. La pregunta guía de la investigación es ¿Qué ventajas cognitivas y actitudinales se obtienen...

  17. Realidad y ficción en la obra de Carmen Martín Gaite

    OpenAIRE

    Carrillo Romero, María Coronada

    2013-01-01

    La tesis estudia uno de los aspectos fundamentales de la obra de Carmen Martín Gaite, así como su tratamiento a lo largo de toda su trayectoria literaria: la fusión de la realidad y la ficción, del mundo real y de la imaginación, el sueño, el recuerdo y la literatura. Está estructurada en dos partes: teniendo en cuenta la afinidad que la autora sentía hacia determinados escritores cuya influencia en su obra declaró abiertamente en numerosas ocasiones, la primera parte está dedicada a est...

  18. CARMENES instrument control system and operational scheduler

    Science.gov (United States)

    Garcia-Piquer, Alvaro; Guàrdia, Josep; Colomé, Josep; Ribas, Ignasi; Gesa, Lluis; Morales, Juan Carlos; Pérez-Calpena, Ana; Seifert, Walter; Quirrenbach, Andreas; Amado, Pedro J.; Caballero, José A.; Reiners, Ansgar

    2014-07-01

    The main goal of the CARMENES instrument is to perform high-accuracy measurements of stellar radial velocities (1m/s) with long-term stability. CARMENES will be installed in 2015 at the 3.5 m telescope in the Calar Alto Observatory (Spain) and it will be equipped with two spectrographs covering from the visible to the near-infrared. It will make use of its near-IR capabilities to observe late-type stars, whose peak of the spectral energy distribution falls in the relevant wavelength interval. The technology needed to develop this instrument represents a challenge at all levels. We present two software packages that play a key role in the control layer for an efficient operation of the instrument: the Instrument Control System (ICS) and the Operational Scheduler. The coordination and management of CARMENES is handled by the ICS, which is responsible for carrying out the operations of the different subsystems providing a tool to operate the instrument in an integrated manner from low to high user interaction level. The ICS interacts with the following subsystems: the near-IR and visible channels, composed by the detectors and exposure meters; the calibration units; the environment sensors; the front-end electronics; the acquisition and guiding module; the interfaces with telescope and dome; and, finally, the software subsystems for operational scheduling of tasks, data processing, and data archiving. We describe the ICS software design, which implements the CARMENES operational design and is planned to be integrated in the instrument by the end of 2014. The CARMENES operational scheduler is the second key element in the control layer described in this contribution. It is the main actor in the translation of the survey strategy into a detailed schedule for the achievement of the optimization goals. The scheduler is based on Artificial Intelligence techniques and computes the survey planning by combining the static constraints that are known a priori (i.e., target

  19. Aplicación de la modelización geoquímica al estudio de pautas evolutivas en las salmueras del Salar de Llamará (Chile. Aproximación de método inverso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gimeno, M. J.

    1996-12-01

    Full Text Available Neutral brines of the Na-Cl type are strongly concentrated by evaporation under and arid climate in the «salar de Llamará» saline system (Chile. The PHRQPITZ geochemical code (which incorporates a chemical model based on Pitzer's equations has been used for calculating ionic activities and saturation indexes, in orden to evaluate the mineral sequence controlling the geochemical evolution of brines. It seems to exist a disequilibrium between brines and atmosphere, since the partial pressure of CO2 calculated by the code shows a progressive increase over the standard mean atmospheric value. All the samples are in equilibrium with both calcite and gypsum. Water activity conditions determine gypsum to be the more stable phase in the Ca-SO4-H2O system. Glauberite reaches saturation at late stage in the brine evolution. The more soluble saline phases do not attain saturation anytime, though more concentrated brines are almost in equilibrium with halite, mirabilite, and thenardite. The results of this thermodynamic treatment are in very good agreement with field observations. Moreover, mass-balance calculations by means of NETPATH code indicate that glauberite precipitation occurs simultaneously with gypsum dissolution.Las salmueras superficiales del salar de Llamará (Chile experimentan un proceso de concentración por evaporación a causa de la aridez del clima al que se ven sometidas. Estas salmueras son del tipo clorurado-sódico y presentan un pH aproximadamente neutro. El tratamiento de los datos hidroquímicos mediante el código de modelización PHRQPITZ (que incorpora un modelo químico basado en las ecuaciones de Pitzer ha permitido realizar el cálculo de actividades iónicas e índices de saturación mineral; estos parámetros se han usado para evaluar la secuencia de precipitación mineral que controla la evolución geoquímica de las salmueras. La presión parcial de CO2 en solución calculada por el código experimenta un ascenso

  20. Meksyk nawiedzony przez historię ("Las paredes hablan" Carmen Boullosy)

    OpenAIRE

    Gryglaszewska. Anna

    2018-01-01

    Anna Gryglaszewska in the article Mexico haunted by history (“Las paredes hablan” by Carmen Boullosa) offers an analysis of historiographical meta-novel written by a contemporary Latin American writer. Carmen Boullosa, using the theme of haunting of the present by the past, returns to some dramatic events in the history of her homeland which had a huge impact on the lives of many generations of her compatriots. The beginning of the Mexican’s war for the independence from Spain and the bloody ...

  1. Marko Matvere lavastatud "Carmen" tulvil õnnestumisi / Toomas Kuter

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kuter, Toomas, 1965-

    2007-01-01

    Pärnu Endlas rahvusvahelise ooperimuusika festivali raames 25. mail esietendunud Georges Bizet' ooperist "Carmen", lavastaja Marko Matvere. Peaosades astuvad üles Klaudia Taevi konkursi võitjad ja laureaadid

  2. Spectroscopic Characterisation of CARMENES Target Candidates from FEROS, CAFE and HRS High-Resolution Spectra

    Science.gov (United States)

    Passegger, Vera Maria; Reiners, Ansgar; Jeffers, Sandra V.; Wende, Sebastian; Schöfer, Patrick; Amado, Pedro J.; Caballero, Jose A.; Montes, David; Mundt, Reinhard; Ribas, Ignasi; Quirrenbach, Andreas

    2016-07-01

    CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Échelle Spectrographs) started a new planet survey on M-dwarfs in January this year. The new high-resolution spectrographs are operating in the visible and near-infrared at Calar Alto Observatory. They will perform high-accuracy radial-velocity measurements (goal 1 m s-1) of about 300 M-dwarfs with the aim to detect low-mass planets within habitable zones. We characterised the candidate sample for CARMENES and provide fundamental parameters for these stars in order to constrain planetary properties and understand star-planet systems. Using state-of-the-art model atmospheres (PHOENIX-ACES) and χ2-minimization with a downhill-simplex method we determine effective temperature, surface gravity and metallicity [Fe/H] for high-resolution spectra of around 480 stars of spectral types M0.0-6.5V taken with FEROS, CAFE and HRS. We find good agreement between the models and our observed high-resolution spectra. We show the performance of the algorithm, as well as results, parameter and spectral type distributions for the CARMENES candidate sample, which is used to define the CARMENES target sample. We also present first preliminary results obtained from CARMENES spectra.

  3. "La herida siempre abierta en un cuerpo" o las políticas de la investidura en Duerme de Carmen Boullosa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanessa Viches Norat

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available En el ensayo "La herida siempre abierta en un cuerpo" o las políticas de la investidura en Duerme de Carmen Boullosa se exploran los cuestionamientos de las construcciones genéricas en Duenne, novela que presenta una protagonista que juega con las representaciones identitarias. Utilizando planteamientos teóricos de Jacques Derrida y Michele Foucault se cuestiona también la teorización de ludith Butler con respecto al travestismo y las políticas del cuerpo. In her essay "La herida siempre abierta en un cuerpo" o las políticas de investidura en Carmen Boullosa" (the wound ever open in a body, or the politics of investiture " the author explores the questionings of generic constructions in "Duenne", a novel which introduces a protagonist who plays with identity representations. On the basis of theoretical principles from M. Foucault and, Derrida, J. Butler's own theorization on transvestism and the politics of the body are also called in question.

  4. Neural network based pattern matching and spike detection tools and services--in the CARMEN neuroinformatics project.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fletcher, Martyn; Liang, Bojian; Smith, Leslie; Knowles, Alastair; Jackson, Tom; Jessop, Mark; Austin, Jim

    2008-10-01

    In the study of information flow in the nervous system, component processes can be investigated using a range of electrophysiological and imaging techniques. Although data is difficult and expensive to produce, it is rarely shared and collaboratively exploited. The Code Analysis, Repository and Modelling for e-Neuroscience (CARMEN) project addresses this challenge through the provision of a virtual neuroscience laboratory: an infrastructure for sharing data, tools and services. Central to the CARMEN concept are federated CARMEN nodes, which provide: data and metadata storage, new, thirdparty and legacy services, and tools. In this paper, we describe the CARMEN project as well as the node infrastructure and an associated thick client tool for pattern visualisation and searching, the Signal Data Explorer (SDE). We also discuss new spike detection methods, which are central to the services provided by CARMEN. The SDE is a client application which can be used to explore data in the CARMEN repository, providing data visualization, signal processing and a pattern matching capability. It performs extremely fast pattern matching and can be used to search for complex conditions composed of many different patterns across the large datasets that are typical in neuroinformatics. Searches can also be constrained by specifying text based metadata filters. Spike detection services which use wavelet and morphology techniques are discussed, and have been shown to outperform traditional thresholding and template based systems. A number of different spike detection and sorting techniques will be deployed as services within the CARMEN infrastructure, to allow users to benchmark their performance against a wide range of reference datasets.

  5. 78 FR 55765 - Compensatory and Alternative Regulatory Measures for Nuclear Power Plant Fire Protection (CARMEN...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-09-11

    ... Nuclear Power Plant Fire Protection (CARMEN-FIRE) AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Draft..., ``Compensatory and Alternative Regulatory Measures for Nuclear Power Plant Fire Protection (CARMEN-FIRE).'' In... caused by impaired fire protection features at nuclear power plants. The report documents the history of...

  6. 78 FR 45573 - Compensatory and Alternative Regulatory Measures for Nuclear Power Plant Fire Protection (CARMEN...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-07-29

    ... Nuclear Power Plant Fire Protection (CARMEN-FIRE) AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice of... Nuclear Power Plant Fire Protection (CARMEN-FIRE), Draft Report for Comment.'' DATES: Comments on this... caused by impaired fire protection features at nuclear power plants. The report documents the history of...

  7. LA FRECUENCIA DEL TUTEO EN TRES ZONAS DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTIOQUIA (COLOMBIA: INFLUENCIA DE LA ZONA URBANA/RURAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ji Son Jang

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan algunos resultados acerca del uso de tú en el marco de una investigación sobre la selección pronominal llevada a cabo en tres municipios del departamento colombiano de Antioquia: 1 la ciudad de Medellín, capital del departamento; 2 Carmen de Viboral, ubicada a una hora de la capital en automóvil y 3 Andes, que se sitúa a unas tres horas de la capital en coche. Los informantes comprenden edades entre 13 y 34 años. La variable social para este artículo es el lugar de residencia de los informantes: zona urbana (Medellín, medio rural (Carmen de Viboral o rural (Andes. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se aplicó a 1490 informantes un cuestionario que mostraba distintos tipos de interacción que se dan en dichas zonas. Tres técnicas estadísticas se aplicaron a estos datos: tamaño de muestra óptimo para distribuciones multinomiales; análisis de varianza con un solo factor (ANOVA; y prueba de hipótesis para proporciones. Se encontró que, en la gran mayoría de relaciones interpersonales solidarias, el tuteo se usa más en Medellín que en Carmen de Viboral y en este último municipio más que en Andes.

  8. CARMEN-SYSTEM, Programs System for Thermal Neutron Diffusion and Burnup with Feedback

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ahnert, Carol; Aragones, Jose M.

    1983-01-01

    1 - Description of problem or function: CARMEN is a system of programs developed for the neutronic calculation of PWR cycles. It includes the whole chain of analysis from cell calculations to core calculations with burnup. The core calculations are based on diffusion theory with cross sections depending on the relevant space-dependent feedback effects which are present at each moment along the cycles. The diffusion calculations are in one, two or three dimensions and in two energy groups. The feedback effects which are treated locally are: burnup, water density, power density and fission products. In order to study in detail these parameters the core should be divided into as many zones as different cross section sets are expected to be required in order to reproduce reality correctly. A relevant difference in any feedback parameter between zones produces different cross section sets for the corresponding zones. CARMEN is also capable to perform the following calculations: - Multiplication factor by burnup step with fixed boron concentration - Buckling and control rod insertion - Buckling search by burnup step - Boron search by burnup step - Control rod insertion search by burnup step. 2 - Method of solution: The cell code (LEOPARD-TRACA) generates the fuel assembly cross sections versus burnup. This is the basic library to be used in the CARMEN code proper. With a planar distribution guess for power density, water density and fluxes, the macroscopic cross sections by zone are calculated by CARMEN, and then a diffusion calculation is done in the whole geometry. With the distribution of power density, heat accumulated in the coolant and the thermal and fast fluxes determined in the diffusion calculation, CARMEN calculates the values of the most relevant parameters that influence the macroscopic cross sections by zone: burnup, water density, effective fuel temperature and fission product concentrations. If these parameters by zone are different from the reference

  9. Las Teorías de Elton Mayo, La Teoría de las Necesidades Humanas de Abrahan Maslow para Desarrollar las Relaciones Interpersonales, En La Institución Educativa Nº 10103 “Carmen Rosa Fernández Barrera” Del Caserío La Capilla – Pueblo Nuevo - Ferreñafe

    OpenAIRE

    Duran Chambergo, Elizabeth; Ugaz Castillo, Gustavo

    2017-01-01

    El objetivo del trabajo es diseñar estrategias para mejorar las relaciones interpersonales de los directivos y docentes de la Institución Educativa Nº 10103 “Carmen Rosa Fernández Barrera” del Caserío la Capilla – Pueblo Nuevo – Ferreñafe, que permita mejorar la gestión institucional, cuyos indicadores dan cuenta de: a) ineficientes relaciones interpersonales, b) equivocados estilos de dirección, c) falta de comunicación laboral, d) exiguas retribuciones y e) escasa disponibilidad de espacios...

  10. Effect of polyunsatured aldehyde (A3 as an antiparasitary ingredient of Caligus rogercresseyi in the feed of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar Efecto del aldehído poli-insaturado (A3 como ingrediente antiparasitario de Caligus rogercresseyi en la alimentación de salmón del atlántico, Salmo salar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Troncoso

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Some polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs such as 2-trans, 4-trans decadenial (A3 have a detrimental effect on the development of copepod sharmful to the salmon industrysuch as Caligus rogercresseyi (sea lice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential use of A3 as a salmon feed ingredient in order to reduce reproduction of Caligus rogercresseyi in infested Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar. The toxicity of A3 was assessed histopathologically for 7 days, using intra-peritoneal injections of different doses (0, 0.24, 0.47, 2.37, 11.86, and 23.71 mg kg-1 in brain, intestine, skin, liver, and muscletissues of Salmosalar at the end of each treatment. The effect of A3 on sea lice was evaluated using 250 Atlantic salmon in an open-flow system of seawater (~13°C. The effect of the dosage in the fish diet was evaluated at two levels (9 mg kg-1, 18 mg kg-1 and considering a control (without A3 for 4, 8, and 12 days, once the sea lice had reached maturity. As a complement, the persistent effect of diluted A3 in sea water (0.5 g L-1 was evaluated at 10, 12, and 14°C for 0, 1, 3, 6, 10, and 15 days; and the maximum persistence was found at 10 days at 10°C. The results showed that the dosages over 0.47 mg kg-1 had no toxic effect on Atlantic salmon, but induced a detrimental effect on Caligus rogercresseyi (reduction of 15% of mature females with a dose of 18 mg kg-1, which could be attributed to alterations in the embryonic development of the sea lice. A3 is a potential supplement in the diet of salmon. However, studies ofits mechanism of action should be undertaken prior to its use.Algunos aldehídos poli-insaturados (PUAs tales como 2-trans, 4-trans decadenal (A3 tienen efecto perjudicial para el desarrollo de copépodos perjudiciales para la industria del salmón, tales como Caligus rogercresseyi (piojo de mar. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el uso potencial de A3 en alimentación de salmones, de forma de reducir la reproducción de

  11. Maailma aasta ärinaiseks valiti Carmen Kass : 2010 Eestist on saanud Põhjamaade Singapur / Aavo Kokk, Paavo Kangur

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kokk, Aavo, 1964-

    2000-01-01

    Tulevikunägemus Eesti edust ärimaailmas, näiteks 2006. a. mai - Singapuri-Bombay-Tallinna lennukist astub välja maailma edukaim äritandem Rein Kilk ja Carmen Kass, kes juhivad moefirmat Carmen Kass Fashion

  12. Exiled by Definition:The Salar of Northwest China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David SG Goodman

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available The reform of state socialism came relatively late to Qinghai Province in the Northwest of the People’s Republic of China. One of Qinghai’s most dynamic groups in the social leadership of reform has been the Salar. The Salar were one of the officially recognized nationalities identified in the People’s Republic of China during the 1950s. A relatively small group of some 100,000 currently live along the upper reaches of the Yellow River, on the borders of Qinghai and Gansu Provinces. The Salar are characterised by their commitment to both Islam and China, and by their belief that they live in permanent exile, though there is considerable uncertainty about their origins. The evidence of recent research in Qinghai suggests the perspective of being Chinese citizens, yet a people in exile, significantly shapes recent Salar social and economic activism.

  13. Supermodell Carmen Kass osaleb Eestis filmivõtetel / Risto Berendson

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Berendson, Risto, 1975-

    2003-01-01

    Produtsent Kristian Taska uue mängufilmi "Täna öösel me ei maga" võtted algasid 28. juunil Tallinna vanalinnas. Lavastab Ilmar Taska, operaatoriks on Istvan Borbas, peaosades Carmen Kass, Peter Franzen, Maria Avdjushko, Priit Võigemast

  14. Modelliagentuurid toodavad Carmen Kassile tasemel järglasi / Kerli Nõu

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Nõu, Kerli

    2006-01-01

    Eestis tegutsevatest modelliagentuuridest Beatrice Mass Modelnet, Baltic Models OÜ ja Eesti Modelliagentuuri OÜ. Kommentaarid: Tasane algus kulisside taga, Edukad Eesti modellid (Annika Vohta), Eesti uus Carmen Kass (Claudia Meriküla)

  15. Confidencias de artistas, de Carmen de Burgos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García Templado, José

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Confidencias de Artistas (Artists’ Confidences is a compendium of interviews made to successful stars of the stage. These interviews support or cause the ideological purposes that inspired Colombine’s particular feminism. The crisis at the end of the century, the enlightenment, the Constitutions, the Regenerationism and the new philosophic and literary trends enlighten her path and gave her a working method. The results highlighted the infringement or the ratification of the modern women rights that Carmen de Burgos collected in her essay on the same subject.Confidencias de Artistas reúne las entrevistas a estrellas de la escena que lograron el éxito. Esas entrevistas apoyan o motivan los objetivos ideológicos que inspiraron a Colombine su peculiar feminismo. La crisis de fin de siglo, la Ilustración, las Constituciones, el Regeneracionismo, las nuevas corrientes filosóficas y literarias, iluminaron su camino y le proporcionaron un método de trabajo. Los resultados ponen de relieve la conculcación o ratificación de los derechos de la mujer moderna que Carmen de Burgos recoge en su ensayo sobre el tema.

  16. A Dance Class, a Drag King, & the Pedagogical Possibilities of Performative Hip-Hop: An Interview with Carmen Morrison & Alex U. Inn

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schönfeldt-Aultman, Scott M.; Morrison, Carmen

    2015-01-01

    Alex U. Inn is the co-founder and one of the two MCs of the hip-hop drag king group, Momma's Boyz. Momma's Boyz celebrated their tenth anniversary in 2014. Carmen Morrison is the offstage name of Alex U. Inn, though "Carmen" now goes by Alex offstage, as well. Within this interview, the names "Carmen" and "Alex" are…

  17. Ramon Vinyes, profesor del colegio de Barranquilla para señoritas. Testimonios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jordi Lladó i Vilaseca

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available El autor recoge una muestra del testimonio de aquellas alumnas del Colegio de Barranquilla para Señoritas que siguieron las clases de Ramón Vinyes entre 1940 y 1950 (Rebeca Álvarez Reales, Maria Ardila de Maury, Gloria Ortiz de Salcedo, Carmen Polo de Morales, Esperanza Salgado

  18. Carmen system: a code block for neutronic PWR calculation by diffusion theory with spacedependent feedback effects

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ahnert, C.; Aragones, J.M.

    1982-01-01

    The Carmen code (theory and user's manual) is described. This code for assembly and core calculations uses diffusion theory (Citation), with feedback in the cross sections by zone due to the effects of burnup, water density, fuel temperature, Xenon and Samarium. The burnup calculation of a full cycle is solved in only an execution of Carmen, and in a reduced computer time. (auth.)

  19. La novelística feminista de Carmen Laforet y el género negro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Johnson, Roberta

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available In her five long novels, Carmen Laforet consistently attempted to find new narrative means of framing a feminist message. There exist studies of her use of the Bildungsroman, the Gothic, and Expressionism in Nada. This essay focuses on elements of detective fiction, especially the noir subgenre, in Laforet’s novelistic production, concentrating on Al volver la esquina published posthumously in 2004. The masculine protagonistnarrator moves in a world that is akin to those of North American noir films and novels in order to reveal his dilemma as a man of traditional Spanish masculinist values in a Spain that is beginning to experience the influence of other countries where gender roles are changing.En sus cinco novelas largas, Carmen Laforet intentaba consistentemente encontrar nuevos modos narrativos para enmarcar un mensaje feminista. Ya se ha estudiado su incorporación de la Bildungsroman, lo gótico y lo expresionista en Nada. Este ensayo se enfoca en los elementos de la novela detectivesca, sobre todo el subgénero negro, en la novelística de Laforet. Se concentra en Al volver la esquina publicada póstumamente en 2004, y en la que el protagonista- narrador masculino se mueve en un mundo que se asemeja a los del cine y novela negros norteamericanos, para revelar su dilema de hombre de valores tradicionales masculinistas en una España que está empezando a sentir la influencia de otros países donde los papeles de los géneros sexuales están cambiando.

  20. Review: Personal Effects of Divorce in Relation to Children / Recension: Efectos personales del divorcio respecto de los hijos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teresa Duplá Marín

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Review: Carmen López‐Rendo Rodríguez, Personal Effects of Divorce in Relation to Children, from Classical Rome to the Spanish Civil Code, RIDROM (online 9, 2012, pp. 249–270. Recension: Carmen López‐Rendo Rodríguez, Efectos personales del divorcio respecto de los hijos, De Roma al Codigo civil español, RIDROM (online 9, 2012, Pág. 249–270.

  1. Retejiendo lo social en el sureste Mexicano; un ejercicio de intervención y acción comunitaria en dos barrios marginales de Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche / Reweaving the social climate in southeastern Mexico: an exercise in intervention and community...

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez, Cristhoper Bogart Márquez; Cortés, Moisés Frutos

    2015-01-01

    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rdc.2015.16956Trabalho enviado em 29 de janeiro de 2015. Aceito em 02 de abril de 2015. Resumen La Isla del Carmen, ubicada en el sureste mexicano, está inmersa desde los años ochenta en un agresivo proceso de modernización que está llegando a un punto de crisis por la agudización de los problemas sociales, económicos y ambientales. El desarrollo económico de la región está en gran medida determinado por la actividad petrolera, de tal suerte que se ha provocad...

  2. El Poema de Almería y el Carmen Campidoctoris desde su condición fragmentaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heather Bamford

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available En su Poderes de la filología: dinámicas de una práctica académica del texto, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht define un fragmento como cualquier objeto que podamos identificar como parte de una totalidad mayor sin implicar, sin embargo, que esta parte de una totalidad mayor se entienda como una metonimia de la totalidad. Este trabajo examinará la condición fragmentaria del Poema de Almería y el Carmen Campidoctoris, además de si estas obras se pueden considerar fragmentos de acuerdo con la conceptualización de Gumbrecht. El análisis se centra en tres cuestiones: 1 si hay prueba de que estos panegíricos fueron hechos fragmentarios intencionalmente, en lugar de por casualidad 2 si hay elementos de estas obras fragmentarias que les hacen aparentar más o menos cohesivas, y 3 si en el análisis filológico estos poemas funcionan como metonimias de sus respectivas totalidades perdidas o de otras totalidades.Dans ses Poderes de la filología: dinámicas de una práctica académica del texto, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht définit un fragment comme un objet que l’on peut identifier comme une partie d’une totalité plus grande sans que cela implique que cette partie soit comprise comme une métonymie de la totalité. Ce travail examinera la condition fragmentaire du Poema de Almería et du Carmen Campidoctoris, ainsi que la possibilité que ces œuvres puissent être considérées comme des fragments conformément à la conceptualisation de Gumbrecht. Cette analyse porte sur trois points : 1 peut-on prouver que ces panégyriques ont été composés de façon fragmentaire volontairement, et non par hasard 2 y a-t-il des éléments dans ces œuvres fragmentaires qui leur donnent plus ou moins de cohésion, et 3 ces poèmes fonctionnent-ils, dans l’analyse philologique, comme des métonymies de leurs totalités perdues respectives ou d’autres totalités ?

  3. El Diccionario morfológico de francés medieval de Carmen Cortés Zaborras

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    Rodrigo López Carrillo

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available El sitio web del grupo de investigación Traductología, formado por profesores de las Universidades de Málaga y Granada y de la Escuela de Traductores de Toledo de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, contiene en una de sus páginas la editorial virtual del grupo, en la que se hallan publicados libros en formato electrónico accesibles a cualquier usuario de la red que entre en la dirección http://traductolog.filosofia.uma.es. Entre ellos encontramos los dos primeros tomos, en formato .pdf, del Diccionario morfológico de francés medieval realizado por Carmen Cortés Zaborras, profesora del Departamento de Filología Inglesa, Francesa y Alemana, área de Filología Francesa, de la Universidad de Málaga.Tal como indica la autora en la introducción al primer tomo, que lo es a su vez a la obra completa, la finalidad de este trabajo es eminentemente pedagógica; pretende ser una herramienta para aquellos estudiantes de Filología francesa que se acercan a los textos en lengua medieval. Se trata de un complemento muy útil a los diccionarios de naturaleza léxico-semántica en los que las informaciones gramaticales suelen reducirse a la clase y a la categoría del género y, sólo excepcionalmente, cuando el nominativo y el acusativo son diferentes se recogen como tales...

  4. Carmen Miranda’s white dress: ethnicity, syncretism and subaltern sexualities in springtime in the rockies Carmen Miranda’s white dress: ethnicity, syncretism and subaltern sexualities in springtime in the rockies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Gatti

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available This essay calls for a reassessment of Carmen Miranda's work in Hollywood. Her singing and dancing can reveal unexpected ethnic and cultural alignments. The focus here is on the costumes she designed for Springtime in the Rockies, a Fox musical in which Brazilian as well as Native American cultural references are made explicit in Miranda's performance. This essay calls for a reassessment of Carmen Miranda's work in Hollywood. Her singing and dancing can reveal unexpected ethnic and cultural alignments. The focus here is on the costumes she designed for Springtime in the Rockies, a Fox musical in which Brazilian as well as Native American cultural references are made explicit in Miranda's performance.

  5. Kirsten Möller, Inge Stephan, Alexandra Tacke (Hg.: Carmen. Ein Mythos in Literatur, Film und Kunst. Köln u.a.: Böhlau Verlag 2011.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Uta Felten

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Im vorliegenden Sammelband werden aktuelle Untersuchungen zum Carmen-Mythos in Literatur, Film, Malerei und Musikkultur aus einer genderspezifischen, einer transmedialen und einer transkulturellen Perspektive präsentiert. Als gemeinsame methodische Prämisse des Bandes fungiert die These, dass Carmen als Produkt einer Mythenbricolage und als Projektionsfläche für vornehmlich männlich codierte Exotismus- und Alteritätsfiktionen verstanden werden kann. Kontinuitäten und Diskontinuitäten im Umgang mit dem Carmen-Mythos werden deutlich am Beispiel von filmischen, literarischen, pikturalen, musikalischen und performativen Bearbeitungen des Mythos vom 19. bis zum 21. Jahrhundert.This anthology presents current studies about the Carmen myth in literature, film, art, and music culture from a gender-specific, a transmedial, as well as a transcultural perspective. The thesis that Carmen can be understood as the product of the bricolage of myths and as an object of projection for primarily male coded fictions of exoticism and alterity functions as the common methodological premise of the volume. Filmic, literary, pictorial, musical, and performative realizations of the Carmen myth from the 19th to the 21st century illustrate the continuities and discontinuities in dealing with the myth.

  6. Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 (ERTS) images applied to geologic structures and mineral resources of South America. [Salar de Coposa, Chile and Salar of Uyuni, Bolivia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carter, W. D. (Principal Investigator); Kowalik, W. S.

    1976-01-01

    The author has identified the following significant results. The Salar of Coposa is located in northern Chile along the frontier with Bolivia. The surface was divided into six general classes of materials. Analysis of LANDSAT image 1243-14001 by use of interactive multispectral computer (Image 100) enabled accurate repetition of these general classes based on reflectance. The Salar of Uyuni is the largest of the South American evaporite deposits. Using image 1243-13595, and parallel piped computer classification of reflectance units, the Salar was divided into nine classes ranging from deep to shallow water, water over salt, salt saturated with water, and several classes of dry salt.

  7. Los cuentos de Carmen de Burgos publicados en La Esfera. Ilustración Mundial (1914-1930

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arbona Abascal, Guadalupe

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available This paper addresses the study of nine short-stories by Carmen de Burgos, Colombine, published in the arts magazine La Esfera. Ilustración de Madrid between 1914 and 1930. All of them have descriptive value and are written in different styles corresponding to the spaces depicted in them. This allows a classification in three groups according to the main traits of the stories. The first group is within a poetic naturalism. The second group is representative of a critical realism perspective, while the third one, more innovative, belongs in a humorous-cosmopolitan realism. All nine short-stories express a socially critical view, structurally ordered, and which reveals itself as the meaning of the texts.Este trabajo aborda el estudio de nueve cuentos de Carmen de Burgos, Colombine, publicados en la revista de arte La Esfera. Ilustración Mundial entre 1914 y 1930. Todos ellos tienen un valor descriptivo y se modulan con diferentes estilos a partir de la visión del espacio. Esto permite una clasificación según los rasgos predominantes de cada uno de ellos: los primeros se enmarcan en una tendencia al naturalismo poético, los segundos son representativos de un realismo-crítico y los terceros, más innovadores, se inscriben en un realismo humorístico-cosmopolita. En todos ellos se descubre un fondo de crítica social, que se ordena en una estructura y se revela como el significado de los textos.

  8. Water chemistry and its effects on the physiology and survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liebich, T.; McCormick, S.D.; Kircheis, D.; Johnson, K.; Regal, R.; Hrabik, T.

    2011-01-01

    The physiological effects of episodic pH fluctuations on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in eastern Maine, U.S.A., were investigated. During this study, S. salar smolts were exposed to ambient stream-water chemistry conditions at nine sites in four catchments for 3 and 6 day intervals during the spring S. salar smolt migration period. Plasma chloride, plasma glucose, gill aluminium and gill Na+- and K+-ATPase levels in S. salar smolts were assessed in relation to ambient stream-water chemistry during this migration period. Changes in both plasma chloride and plasma glucose levels of S. salar smolts were strongly correlated with stream pH, and S. salar smolt mortality occurred in one study site with ambient stream pH between 5??6 and 5??8 during the study period. The findings from this study suggest that physiological effects on S. salar smolts are strongly correlated with stream pH and that in rivers and streams with low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations the threshold for physiological effects and mortality probably occurs at a higher pH and shorter exposure period than in rivers with higher DOC. Additionally, whenever an acidification event in which pH drops below 5??9 coincides with S. salar smolt migration in eastern Maine rivers, there is potential for a significant reduction in plasma ions of S. salar smolts. ?? 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

  9. The complete integration of MissionLab and CARMEN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    FJ Serrano Rodriguez

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Nowadays, a major challenge in the development of advanced robotic systems is the creation of complex missions for groups of robots, with two main restrictions: complex programming activities not needed and the mission configuration time should be short (e.g. Urban Search And Rescue. With these ideas in mind, we analysed several robotic development environments, such as Robot Operating System (ROS, Open Robot Control Software (OROCOS, MissionLab, Carnegie Mellon Robot Navigation Toolkit (CARMEN and Player/Stage, which are helpful when creating autonomous robots. MissionLab provides high-level features (automatic mission creation, code generation and a graphical mission editor that are unavailable in other significant robotic development environments. It has however some weaknesses regarding its map-based capabilities. Creating, managing and taking advantage of maps for localization and navigation tasks are among CARMEN’s most significant features. This fact makes the integration of MissionLab with CARMEN both possible and interesting. This article describes the resulting robotic development environment, which makes it possible to work with several robots, and makes use of their map-based navigation capabilities. It will be shown that the proposed platform solves the proposed goal, that is, it simplifies the programmer’s job when developing control software for robot teams, and it further facilitates multi-robot deployment task in mission-critical situations.

  10. Agenda pública local. Los casos de los municipios de El Carmen de Viboral y Turbo, Antioquia-Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olga Lucía Zapata Cortés

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available La conformación de la agenda gubernamental en los municipios de El Carmen de Viboral y Turbo recorrió caminos diferentes. En el primer caso, se propuso una Asamblea Municipal como espacio de participación en el marco de la formulación del Plan de Desarrollo; en el segundo caso, se prefirió la contratación de un consultor externo para la elaboración del Plan de Desarrollo y hubo escasa participación ciudadana. Mediante un estudio de caso, apoyado en el análisis documental y el enfoque de corrientes múltiples para el estudio de la agenda pública, se observan formas diferenciadas de conformar la agenda, así como de aprovechar la participación de las comunidades en este proceso. También se observa que a pesar de las capacidades y fortalezas que trae consigo la presencia de la universidad pública en estos municipios, la incidencia de la Universidad de Antioquia en la configuración de la agenda local es escasa.

  11. Análisis del comportamiento de la mortalidad materna y perinatal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angélica Uribe-Meneses

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio se orientó a identificar las causas, calcular la tasa y caracterizar los casos de mortalidad materna y perinatal en la Empresa Social del Estado Hospital Regional Noroccidental del departamento Norte de Santander, entre los años 2006 a 2009. La investigación es de carácter cuantitativo, descriptivo, con enfoque retrospectivo. Se emplearon los siguientes instrumentos para la recolección de información: Ficha SIVIGILA de notificación mortalidad materno perinatal del Instituto Nacional de Salud, encuesta de visita de campo del protocolo para la vigilancia de la mortalidad materno-perinatal del Instituto Nacional de Salud, historias clínicas de cada uno de los casos objeto de estudio. La población es tomada del total de muertes maternas y perinatales de procedencia de la Empresa Social del Estado Hospital Regional Noroccidental del departamento Norte de Santander, la muestra está representada en el 100% de los de casos de mortalidad materna y perinatal de la ESE, que en total son 65 casos, 7 de mortalidad materna y 58 de mortalidad perinatal. Entre las causas identificadas como más prevalentes para la mortalidad materna fueron la eclampsia y/ pre-eclampsia, y la causa de mortalidad perinatal fue el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria, la tasa más alta de mortalidad materna la presentó el municipio del Carmen con 1.49 y convención con 1.41 por 10.000 MEF y la tasa de mortalidad perinatal la presentó el municipio del Carmen con una tasa de 29.65 por 1.000 nacidos vivos.

  12. SU-E-T-157: CARMEN: A MatLab-Based Research Platform for Monte Carlo Treatment Planning (MCTP) and Customized System for Planning Evaluation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baeza, J.A.; Ureba, A.; Jimenez-Ortega, E.; Barbeiro, A.R.; Plaza, A. Leal; Lagares, J.I.

    2015-01-01

    Purpose: Although there exist several radiotherapy research platforms, such as: CERR, the most widely used and referenced; SlicerRT, which allows treatment plan comparison from various sources; and MMCTP, a full MCTP system; it is still needed a full MCTP toolset that provides users complete control of calculation grids, interpolation methods and filters in order to “fairly” compare results from different TPSs, supporting verification with experimental measurements. Methods: This work presents CARMEN, a MatLab-based platform including multicore and GPGPU accelerated functions for loading RT data; designing treatment plans; and evaluating dose matrices and experimental data.CARMEN supports anatomic and functional imaging in DICOM format, as well as RTSTRUCT, RTPLAN and RTDOSE. Besides, it contains numerous tools to accomplish the MCTP process, managing egs4phant and phase space files.CARMEN planning mode assist in designing IMRT, VMAT and MERT treatments via both inverse and direct optimization. The evaluation mode contains a comprehensive toolset (e.g. 2D/3D gamma evaluation, difference matrices, profiles, DVH, etc.) to compare datasets from commercial TPS, MC simulations (i.e. 3ddose) and radiochromic film in a user-controlled manner. Results: CARMEN has been validated against commercial RTPs and well-established evaluation tools, showing coherent behavior of its multiple algorithms. Furthermore, CARMEN platform has been used to generate competitive complex treatment that has been published in comparative studies. Conclusion: A new research oriented MCTP platform with a customized validation toolset has been presented. Despite of being coded with a high-level programming language, CARMEN is agile due to the use of parallel algorithms. The wide-spread use of MatLab provides straightforward access to CARMEN’s algorithms to most researchers. Similarly, our platform can benefit from the MatLab community scientific developments as filters, registration algorithms

  13. SU-E-T-157: CARMEN: A MatLab-Based Research Platform for Monte Carlo Treatment Planning (MCTP) and Customized System for Planning Evaluation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Baeza, J.A.; Ureba, A.; Jimenez-Ortega, E.; Barbeiro, A.R.; Plaza, A. Leal [Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Fisiologia Medica y Biofisica, Seville (Spain); Lagares, J.I. [Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain)

    2015-06-15

    Purpose: Although there exist several radiotherapy research platforms, such as: CERR, the most widely used and referenced; SlicerRT, which allows treatment plan comparison from various sources; and MMCTP, a full MCTP system; it is still needed a full MCTP toolset that provides users complete control of calculation grids, interpolation methods and filters in order to “fairly” compare results from different TPSs, supporting verification with experimental measurements. Methods: This work presents CARMEN, a MatLab-based platform including multicore and GPGPU accelerated functions for loading RT data; designing treatment plans; and evaluating dose matrices and experimental data.CARMEN supports anatomic and functional imaging in DICOM format, as well as RTSTRUCT, RTPLAN and RTDOSE. Besides, it contains numerous tools to accomplish the MCTP process, managing egs4phant and phase space files.CARMEN planning mode assist in designing IMRT, VMAT and MERT treatments via both inverse and direct optimization. The evaluation mode contains a comprehensive toolset (e.g. 2D/3D gamma evaluation, difference matrices, profiles, DVH, etc.) to compare datasets from commercial TPS, MC simulations (i.e. 3ddose) and radiochromic film in a user-controlled manner. Results: CARMEN has been validated against commercial RTPs and well-established evaluation tools, showing coherent behavior of its multiple algorithms. Furthermore, CARMEN platform has been used to generate competitive complex treatment that has been published in comparative studies. Conclusion: A new research oriented MCTP platform with a customized validation toolset has been presented. Despite of being coded with a high-level programming language, CARMEN is agile due to the use of parallel algorithms. The wide-spread use of MatLab provides straightforward access to CARMEN’s algorithms to most researchers. Similarly, our platform can benefit from the MatLab community scientific developments as filters, registration algorithms

  14. Evolución del concepto de política de población: el caso de Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Miró

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Carmen Miró ha sido una de las demógrafas más influyentes de América Latina. Sus aportes no sólo se encuentran en su natal Panamá. Contribuyó al desarrollo de los estudios de población en la región como directora del Centro Latinoamericano de Demografía CELADE en Santiago de Chile; como profesora en distintos centros de enseñanza de la demografía como CELADE y el Colegio de México; como una de las promotoras del Centro de Estudios Demográficos de la Universidad de La Habana (Cuba; como presidenta del Grupo Internacional de Evaluación de la Investigación en Ciencias Sociales sobre Población y Desarrollo; como secretaria ejecutiva del Programa de Investigaciones Sociales sobre Población en América Latina (PISPAL; y, en general, como conferencista internacional en múltiples actividades*. Este número de la Revista Población y Salud desea homenajear el profundo impacto de Carmen Miró en la demografía latinoamericana publicando una ponencia que presentó en el Sexto Seminario Nacional de Demografía de Costa Rica, celebrado en San José en 1977. Su ponencia trata uno de los temas predilectos de Doña Carmen Miró: las políticas de población. En una época en la que había una activa participación pública y privada en programas de planificación familiar, Doña Carmen Miró denunciaba que las políticas de población no debían restringirse únicamente a dicho ámbito. Ella abogaba por una acción decidida del Estado en la definición y promoción de las políticas de población. En la última década del siglo XX y primera década del siglo XXI, Costa Rica no sólo alcanzó el nivel de reemplazo en su tasa global de fecundidad, sino que una gran variedad de temas demográficos están constantemente en la palestra pública: la migración internacional, el envejecimiento poblacional y su efecto en la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de pensiones, la demanda de la población por servicios de salud de calidad, la Fecundación In

  15. Dos políticas fronterizas y sus consecuencias: diplomacia, comercio y uso de la violencia en los inicios del fuerte del Carmen de Río Negro (1779‑1785)

    OpenAIRE

    Alioto, Sebastián Leandro

    2014-01-01

    Este artículo estudia las políticas practicadas por los dos primeros comisarios superintendentes de Carmen de Patagones respecto de los nativos de la región pampeana y nord-­‐‑patagónica, en cuyo territorio se implantó la colonia. El contraste entre la llevada adelante por Francisco de Viedma, basada principalmente en la diplomacia y el comercio, y la que intentó Juan de la Piedra, apoyada en el uso de la violencia y las incursiones armadas en terreno indígena, permite sacar ciertas...

  16. Tapetes microbianos del Salar de Llamará, norte de Chile Microbial mats from the Llamará salt flat, northern Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CECILIA DEMERGASSO

    2003-09-01

    Full Text Available Se estudiaron las comunidades estratificadas de microorganismos fotosintéticos que se encuentran en el Salar de Llamará ubicado en el desierto de Atacama, norte de Chile, mediante métodos microscópicos y espectrofotométricos. El espesor de la zona fótica de los tapetes descritos varió entre 8 y 30 mm lo cual podría atribuirse a la granulometría y la composición mineralógica de los sedimentos. Se diferencian tres tipos de tapetes. El primero con una única capa pigmentada de color verde; el segundo con capas de colores verde y naranja y un tercero en el que se observa, además de las capas verde y naranja, una de color púrpura. En uno de los sitios muestreados no se encontraron capas pigmentadas. Debajo de la zona pigmentada el sedimento es de color blanco, excepto en uno de los sectores donde se observó una coloración negra atribuible a sulfuro de hierro. Los microorganismos predominantes de la capa naranja fueron diatomeas y cianobacterias unicelulares principalmente de los grupos Cyanothece y Synechococcus. Las cianobacterias filamentosas Microccoleus sp. y Oscillatoria sp. fueron las más abundantes en la capa verde. No se observaron diatomeas en los sitios estudiados donde la salinidad del agua intersticial osciló entre 12 y 33 %. En la capa verde de estos sitios predominaron las cianobacterias cocoides, de los grupos Synechococcus, Cyanothece y Gloeocapsa y del género Gloeobacter, sobre las cianobacterias filamentosas. La capa púrpura estuvo compuesta principalmente por bacterias fototróficas anoxigénicas similares a células de los géneros Chromatium y Thiocapsa. Los espectros de absorción revelaron que la clorofila a es el pigmento más abundante en la mayoría de las muestras analizadas. Los valores integrados de clorofila a y bacterioclorofila a alcanzaron 230 y 144 mg m-2 en el espesor de la zona pigmentada, respectivamente. También se detectaron abundantes microorganismos no fotosintéticos en los tapetes

  17. Feminine and masculine archetypes in Carmen Martín Gaite’s Entre visillos. An analysis from ethnoliterature

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cajade Frías, Sonia

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this article is to analyze from the perspective of ethnoliterature the novel Entre visillos (1958 by Carmen Martín Gaite in relation to the Spain’s social and cultural context in the 1950s. The objective of the work consists of studying the feminine and masculine archetypes that the novel projects, in connection with the gender-related models that National-Catholicism promoted at the time. Many of these models are still prevalent in Spain. For her the novel, as it encapsulated the socio-cultural context of the 1950s, had by itself, as a specific literary product, the power of impinging upon and re-constructing that social reality, especially by producing new archetypes of gender on which to offer alternate models of identity.

    El propósito de este artículo es analizar desde una perspectiva etnoliteraria la novela Entre visillos (1958 de Carmen Martín Gaite en relación con el contexto social y cultural de la España de posguerra de los años cincuenta. El objetivo del trabajo consiste en estudiar los arquetipos femeninos y masculinos que se proyectan a través de la novela y su conexión con los modelos de género propuestos por la ideología dominante del nacional-catolicismo, muchos aún vigentes en la sociedad actual. Se trata así de explorar cómo el contexto sociocultural de la época se refleja en la novela y cómo a su vez la propia obra literaria, como producto cultural específico, posee la capacidad de proyectarse sobre esa misma realidad social, contribuyendo así a re-construirla, concretamente a través de la creación de nuevos arquetipos de género que proponen modelos de identidad alternativos.

  18. EL HOMBRE PALABRA Y LA MUJER TRAICIÓN EN LA "LA CILINDRA" DE CARMEN BÁEZ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ADRIANA SÁENZ VALADEZ

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis del cuento "La Cilindra" de Carmen Báez. Para ello la metodología propuesta está en el contexto de la filosofía, la literatura y la teoría de género. En este marco se tiene como hipótesis que la autora a través de los recursos literarios realiza una reflexión crítica de los prototipos de género, asumidos como ideales imposibles de cumplir, esto es, que en la relación dialéctica que mantienen la vida vivida y la ficción, los esquemas se asumen, construyen y reproducen desde los supuestos que la racionalidad patriarcal ilumina en la vida vivida y por ende en los productos culturales. Para analizarlo, el artículo se ha dividido en cuatro apartados. En el primero se aborda el concepto de prototipo en la Revolución. En el segundo se estudian los esquemas del ser mujer en "La Cilindra". En el tercero se analizan a Juan Lanas y a su superior como dos formas de ser varón durante el movimiento armado y finalmente se propone un análisis de los elementos expuestos.

  19. Caligus rogercresseyi: posible vector en la transmisión horizontal del virus de la anemia infecciosa del salmón (ISAv

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karin Oelckers

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Chile el año 2007 se convirtió en el segundo país productor de salmónidos a nivel mundial. Al año siguiente la industria salmonera nacional comenzó a experimentar una severa crisis sanitaria producida por el virus causante de la anemia infecciosa del salmón. Este virus se presentó por primera vez en Noruega (1984, luego en Canadá, Escocia, Islas Faroe, Estados Unidos y Chile (2007. La anemia infecciosa del salmón (ISA, es una enfermedad altamente contagiosa entre los peces, producida por un virus de la familia Orthomyxoviridae. La especie más vulnerable a este virus es el salmón del Atlántico (Salmo salar. La plaga parasitaria producida por el piojo de mar, Caligus rogercresseyi, copépodo ectoparásito, ha ido en aumento lo que favorece el contagio de enfermedades bacterianas y virales. De todas las especies cultivadas en Chile, el salmón del Atlántico, S. salar es una de las especies más susceptibles de ser infestadas por C. rogercresseyi. Durante el 2006, la industria presentó un aumento significativo en las tasas de infestación por Caligus; luego en el 2007, aparecieron brotes del virus ISA. En Noruega, se ha demostrado que el piojo de mar, Lepeophtherius salmonis puede tener un rol como vector en la transmisión del virus ISA, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar si C. rogercresseyi es un vector de transmisión del virus ISA en el salmón del Atlántico, cultivado en el sur de Chile.

  20. Inconsciente genérico, feminismo y Nubosidad variable de Carmen Martín Gaite

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zecchi, Barbara

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available In a context of marked tensions between gynocritics and contemporary Spanish women writers, Carmen Martín Gaite’s novel Nubosidad variable (Variable Cloud,1992 stands out as a curious paradox. As is well known, Martín Gaite repeatedly declared not to be a feminist and even scorned women who fought for equality between both sexes. This article argues that Nubosidad variable, however, constitutes one of the best examples of a consciously feminist text. In this novel Martín Gaite applies some of the most prominent paradigms of feminist literary theory, such as the construction of a non-linear and a-chronological narration (Julia Kristeva, the attempt to create a “language of the body” (Helène Cixous, the foregrounding of a mother-daughter bond (Luisa Muraro, as well as the use of female writing as a means of self-discovery (Elaine Showalter.En un contexto de falta de comunicación entre ginocrítica y escritura femenina, la novela Nubosidad variable (1992 de Carmen Martín Gaite se presenta como una significativa paradoja. Si por un lado su autora declaró repetidas veces no ser feminista —y hasta menospreció con ironía a las mujeres que han luchado por la igualdad—, Nubosidad variable es una innegable aplicación de algunos de los más conocidos paradigmas de la teoría literaria feminista. Desde la narración no-lineal y atemporal que sigue el “tiempo de las mujeres” de Julia Kristeva, hasta el intento de crear una lengua del cuerpo a lo Hélène Cixous; desde el vínculo madre-hija teorizado por Luisa Muraro, hasta la escritura femenina como auto-descubrimiento de Elaine Showalter, esta novela representa uno de los mejores ejemplos, dentro de la narrativa contemporánea española, de lo que llamaría un texto conscientemente feminista.

  1. Colegio Nuestra Señora del Carmen-Ikastetxea

    OpenAIRE

    García Sedano, Esther

    2012-01-01

    Este trabajo se centra en la atención a la diversidad, enfocado en aquellos alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales por dificultades de aprendizaje, por trastorno de déficit de atención, dislexia, inteligencia límite (bordeline) y síndrome de triple X. Con él también se pretende la adaptación de niños de nacionalidad china a nuestros hábitos y se les ilustra en el método silábico para que aprendan el idioma del castellano con prontitud para evitar la dislexia, entre otros problemas. ...

  2. Evidence for episodic acidification effects on migrating Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kelly, John T; Lerner, Darrren T.; O'Dea, Michael F.; Regish, Amy M.; Monette, Michelle Y.; Hawkes, J.P.; Nislow, Keith H.; McCormick, Stephen

    2015-01-01

    Field studies were conducted to determine levels of gill aluminium as an index of acidification effects on migrating Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in the north-eastern U.S.A. along mainstem river migration corridors in several major river basins. Smolts emigrating from the Connecticut River, where most (but not all) tributaries were well buffered, had low or undetectable levels of gill aluminium and high gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity. In contrast, smolts emigrating from the upper Merrimack River basin where most tributaries are characterized by low pH and high inorganic aluminium had consistently elevated gill aluminium and lower gill NKA activity, which may explain the low adult return rates of S. salar stocked into the upper Merrimack catchment. In the Sheepscot, Narraguagus and Penobscot Rivers in Maine, river and year-specific effects on gill aluminium were detected that appeared to be driven by underlying geology and high spring discharge. The results indicate that episodic acidification is affecting S. salar smolts in poorly buffered streams in New England and may help explain variation in S. salar survival and abundance among rivers and among years, with implications for the conservation and recovery of S. salar in the north-eastern U.S.A. These results suggest that the physiological condition of outmigrating smolts may serve as a large-scale sentinel of landscape-level recovery of atmospheric pollution in this and other parts of the North Atlantic region.

  3. CARMENES-NIR channel spectrograph cooling system AIV: thermo-mechanical performance of the instrument

    Science.gov (United States)

    Becerril, S.; Mirabet, E.; Lizon, J. L.; Abril, M.; Cárdenas, C.; Ferro, I.; Morales, R.; Pérez, D.; Ramón, A.; Sánchez-Carrasco, M. A.; Quirrenbach, A.; Amado, P.; Ribas, I.; Reiners, A.; Caballero, J. A.; Seifert, W.; Herranz, J.

    2016-07-01

    CARMENES is the new high-resolution high-stability spectrograph built for the 3.5m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory (CAHA, Almería, Spain) by a consortium formed by German and Spanish institutions. This instrument is composed by two separated spectrographs: VIS channel (550-1050 nm) and NIR channel (950- 1700 nm). The NIR-channel spectrograph's responsible is the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAACSIC). It has been manufactured, assembled, integrated and verified in the last two years, delivered in fall 2015 and commissioned in December 2015. One of the most challenging systems in this cryogenic channel involves the Cooling System. Due to the highly demanding requirements applicable in terms of stability, this system arises as one of the core systems to provide outstanding stability to the channel. Really at the edge of the state-of-the-art, the Cooling System is able to provide to the cold mass ( 1 Ton) better thermal stability than few hundredths of degree within 24 hours (goal: 0.01K/day). The present paper describes the Assembly, Integration and Verification phase (AIV) of the CARMENES-NIR channel Cooling System implemented at IAA-CSIC and later installation at CAHA 3.5m Telescope, thus the most relevant highlights being shown in terms of thermal performance. The CARMENES NIR-channel Cooling System has been implemented by the IAA-CSIC through very fruitful collaboration and involvement of the ESO (European Southern Observatory) cryo-vacuum department with Jean-Louis Lizon as its head and main collaborator. The present work sets an important trend in terms of cryogenic systems for future E-ELT (European Extremely Large Telescope) large-dimensioned instrumentation in astrophysics.

  4. Salars evaporation rates evaluation using isotope techniques, Bellavista Salar, Chile

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grilli, A.; Ortiz, J.

    1989-01-01

    Long term evaporation rates are evaluated in different soil conditions at Bellavista Salar, using environmental isotope profiles (oxygen-18) of the unsaturated soil zone. The Barnes and Allison model was adapted to stratified soils under non-saturation conditions and for a non-isothermal permanent regime. To apply the proposed model, field data of the different variables were used and the evaporation rates were obtained adjunting the δ 18 O values generated by the model to those experimentally measured in the water extracted from the soil profile of the unsaturated soil zone. (author). 13 refs, 8 figs

  5. Los repositorios como herramienta para la recuperación del patrimonio bibliográfico: el caso de seis bibliotecas públicas municipales del departamento de Antioquia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilson Castaño Muñoz

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El siguiente artículo tiene como objetivo principal evidenciar la importancia de implementar un repositorio digital en la investigaciones sobre la recuperación del patrimonio bibliográfico de seis bibliotecas públicas de los municipios de Andes, El Carmen de Viboral, Puerto Berrio, Sonsón, Turbo y Yarumal del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Se presenta brevemente el concepto de patrimonio-bibliográfico y se abordan los repositorios institucionales y digitales como categoría analítica y alternativa para la recuperación, organización y difusión de información patrimonial. The following article has as main objective to demonstrate the importance of implementing a digital repository in the research about the bibliographical patrimony recovery in six public libraries in municipalities located in the department of Antioquia, Colombia such as Andes, el Carmen de Viboral, Puerto Berrío, Sonsón, Turbo and Yarumal. The concept of bibliographical patrimony appears briefly in the article and the institutional and digital repositories are approached as an analytical and alternative category for the recovery, organization and dissemination of the patrimony information. .

  6. [Leishmaniasis transmission focus in El Hobo, Carmen de Bolívar, Bolívar, Colombia].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cortés, Luis Alberto

    2006-10-01

    The epidemiological characteristics and the importance of the Lutzomyia species present in a leishmaniasis focus in the village El Hobo, Carmen de Bolívar, Department of Bolivar, Colombia, are described. To obtain a preliminary assessment of leishmaniasis transmission in the village of El Hobo, Carmen de Bolívar. Epidemiological data were analyzed and sandflies were collected with CDC traps and on protected human volunteers in the village of El Hobo. Sero prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in dogs was evaluated using indirect inmunofluorescence (IFAT). Nine Lutzomyia species were collected: L. trinidadensis, L. evansi, L. cayennensis, L. venezuelensis, L. gomezi, L. dubitans, L. ylephiletor, L. yuilli, and L. walkeri. The species of greater importance based on their implication in the transmission of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis were L. gomezi, and L. evansi respectively. Specimens of L. venezuelensis, L. dubitans, L. ylephiletor, L. yuilli, and L. walkeri are reported for the first time for the Department of Bolivar. The sero prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs was 36%. According to the epidemiological records, in 2002 the municipality of Carmen de Bolivar presented a 40% increase in cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and an 80% increase in canine visceral leishmaniasis as compared to 2001, due to the outbreak in the village of El Hobo. The results indicate that the village of El Hobo is an area of potential risk for transmission of both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.

  7. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs . First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Trifonov, T.; Kürster, M.; Zechmeister, M.; Tal-Or, L.; Caballero, J. A.; Quirrenbach, A.; Amado, P. J.; Ribas, I.; Reiners, A.; Reffert, S.; Dreizler, S.; Hatzes, A. P.; Kaminski, A.; Launhardt, R.; Henning, Th.; Montes, D.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Mundt, R.; Pavlov, A.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Seifert, W.; Morales, J. C.; Nowak, G.; Jeffers, S. V.; Rodríguez-López, C.; del Burgo, C.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; López-Santiago, J.; Mathar, R. J.; Ammler-von Eiff, M.; Guenther, E. W.; Barrado, D.; González Hernández, J. I.; Mancini, L.; Stürmer, J.; Abril, M.; Aceituno, J.; Alonso-Floriano, F. J.; Antona, R.; Anwand-Heerwart, H.; Arroyo-Torres, B.; Azzaro, M.; Baroch, D.; Bauer, F. F.; Becerril, S.; Benítez, D.; Berdiñas, Z. M.; Bergond, G.; Blümcke, M.; Brinkmöller, M.; Cano, J.; Cárdenas Vázquez, M. C.; Casal, E.; Cifuentes, C.; Claret, A.; Colomé, J.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Czesla, S.; Díez-Alonso, E.; Feiz, C.; Fernández, M.; Ferro, I. M.; Fuhrmeister, B.; Galadí-Enríquez, D.; Garcia-Piquer, A.; García Vargas, M. L.; Gesa, L.; Gómez Galera, V.; González-Peinado, R.; Grözinger, U.; Grohnert, S.; Guàrdia, J.; Guijarro, A.; de Guindos, E.; Gutiérrez-Soto, J.; Hagen, H.-J.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Hedrosa, R. P.; Helmling, J.; Hermelo, I.; Hernández Arabí, R.; Hernández Castaño, L.; Hernández Hernando, F.; Herrero, E.; Huber, A.; Huke, P.; Johnson, E.; de Juan, E.; Kim, M.; Klein, R.; Klüter, J.; Klutsch, A.; Lafarga, M.; Lampón, M.; Lara, L. M.; Laun, W.; Lemke, U.; Lenzen, R.; López del Fresno, M.; López-González, M. J.; López-Puertas, M.; López Salas, J. F.; Luque, R.; Magán Madinabeitia, H.; Mall, U.; Mandel, H.; Marfil, E.; Marín Molina, J. A.; Maroto Fernández, D.; Martín, E. L.; Martín-Ruiz, S.; Marvin, C. J.; Mirabet, E.; Moya, A.; Moreno-Raya, M. E.; Nagel, E.; Naranjo, V.; Nortmann, L.; Ofir, A.; Oreiro, R.; Pallé, E.; Panduro, J.; Pascual, J.; Passegger, V. M.; Pedraz, S.; Pérez-Calpena, A.; Pérez Medialdea, D.; Perger, M.; Perryman, M. A. C.; Pluto, M.; Rabaza, O.; Ramón, A.; Rebolo, R.; Redondo, P.; Reinhardt, S.; Rhode, P.; Rix, H.-W.; Rodler, F.; Rodríguez, E.; Rodríguez Trinidad, A.; Rohloff, R.-R.; Rosich, A.; Sadegi, S.; Sánchez-Blanco, E.; Sánchez Carrasco, M. A.; Sánchez-López, A.; Sanz-Forcada, J.; Sarkis, P.; Sarmiento, L. F.; Schäfer, S.; Schiller, J.; Schöfer, P.; Schweitzer, A.; Solano, E.; Stahl, O.; Strachan, J. B. P.; Suárez, J. C.; Tabernero, H. M.; Tala, M.; Tulloch, S. M.; Veredas, G.; Vico Linares, J. I.; Vilardell, F.; Wagner, K.; Winkler, J.; Wolthoff, V.; Xu, W.; Yan, F.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.

    2018-02-01

    Context. The main goal of the CARMENES survey is to find Earth-mass planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. Seven M dwarfs included in the CARMENES sample had been observed before with HIRES and HARPS and either were reported to have one short period planetary companion (GJ 15 A, GJ 176, GJ 436, GJ 536 and GJ 1148) or are multiple planetary systems (GJ 581 and GJ 876). Aims: We aim to report new precise optical radial velocity measurements for these planet hosts and test the overall capabilities of CARMENES. Methods: We combined our CARMENES precise Doppler measurements with those available from HIRES and HARPS and derived new orbital parameters for the systems. Bona-fide single planet systems were fitted with a Keplerian model. The multiple planet systems were analyzed using a self-consistent dynamical model and their best fit orbits were tested for long-term stability. Results: We confirm or provide supportive arguments for planets around all the investigated stars except for GJ 15 A, for which we find that the post-discovery HIRES data and our CARMENES data do not show a signal at 11.4 days. Although we cannot confirm the super-Earth planet GJ 15 Ab, we show evidence for a possible long-period (Pc = 7030-630+970 d) Saturn-mass (mcsini = 51.8M⊕) planet around GJ 15 A. In addition, based on our CARMENES and HIRES data we discover a second planet around GJ 1148, for which we estimate a period Pc = 532.6 days, eccentricity ec = 0.342 and minimum mass mcsini = 68.1M⊕. Conclusions: The CARMENES optical radial velocities have similar precision and overall scatter when compared to the Doppler measurements conducted with HARPS and HIRES. We conclude that CARMENES is an instrument that is up to the challenge of discovering rocky planets around low-mass stars. Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programmes 072.C-0488, 072.C-0513, 074.C-0012, 074.C-0364, 075.D-0614, 076.C-0878, 077.C

  8. Detección de cambios en la morfología litoral de Punta Zacatal y parte occidental de lsla del Carmen, Campeche, mediante el análisis multitemporal de imágenes de satélite

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Gerardo Palacio Aponte

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available During the last 25 years, significant geomorphological changes have been detected in the coastline of Punta Zacatal and the western region of Isla del Carmen, Campeche, as consequence of the current littoral dynamics and the influence of urban and industrial development. In order to detect such changes, a color overlay and composition image analysis was carried out using three Lancisat MSS satellite images dated 1974, 1986 and 1992. A near-infrared band (0.8-1.1,?m was applied to each primary color: assigning color to high-reflectance values showing changes in land distribution, and absence of color to water bodies and land that remained unchanged. The color presence/absence relationship for each image allowed to detect coastal accretion, erosion and stable areas in a false-color composite. Afterwards a supervised classification was conducted to obtain areas and percentages, which were verified by means of multi-temporal photointerpretation and GPS fieldwork validation.

  9. "Kõige mugavam oli filmis öötööd teha Carmen Kassil" / Verni Leivak

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Leivak, Verni, 1966-

    2003-01-01

    Lõppesid produtsent Kristian Taska uue mängufilmi "Täna öösel me ei maga" võtted. Lavastab Ilmar Taska, operaatoriks on Istvan Borbas, peaosades Carmen Kass, Peter Franzen; Maria Avdjushko, Priit Võigemast. Esilinastus tuleb 13. veebruaril 2004

  10. Carmen Covito’s ‘Tempo parziale’ : Mothering and Work in Italy in a Nutshell

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Jansen, M.M.

    2016-01-01

    Carmen Covito’s short story ‘Tempo parziale’ (2009) [‘Part Time’] can be read as a comment on the peculiarities of female employment and defective social policies in contemporary Italy. Originally written in 2007 for the INAIL campaign Diritti senza rovesci [Rights without flip side] against

  11. Problemática del aprendizaje de nociones temporales en la educacion básica.

    OpenAIRE

    Ortega, David

    2003-01-01

    INDICE Presentación Aranguren, Carmen El difícil arte de cambiar. Los contenidos conceptuales, procedimentales y actitudinales de historia y la transformación educativa argentina de Amézola, Gonzalo Problemática del aprendizaje de nociones temporales en la educacion básica Ortega, David Filosofia, Investigacion y Docencia Vasquez, Eduardo Pasado, Identidad y...

  12. Dos políticas fronterizas y sus consecuencias: diplomacia, comercio y uso de la violencia en los inicios del fuerte del Carmen de Río Negro (1779-1785

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastián L. Alioto

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo estudia las políticas practicadas por los dos primeros comisarios superintendentes de Carmen de Patagones respecto de los nativos de la región pampeana y nord-patagónica, en cuyo territorio se implantó la colonia. El contraste entre la llevada adelante por Francisco de Viedma, basada principalmente en la diplomacia y el comercio, y la que intentó Juan de la Piedra, apoyada en el uso de la violencia y las incursiones armadas en terreno indígena, permite sacar ciertas conclusiones atinentes al éxito relativo de cada una de ellas, a su contenido ideológico y estratégico, y al destino final de sus impulsores

  13. Multi-temporal remote sensing analysis of salars in El Loa Province, Chile: Implications for water resource management

    Science.gov (United States)

    Markovich, K.; Pierce, S. A.

    2011-12-01

    Salar de Ascotán and Salar de Carcote are internally drained, evaporative basins located in the Atacama Desert, 200 km northeast of Antofogasta in Region II, Chile. The two salars are part of a regional groundwater system that recharges in the adjacent uplands to the east and terminates in the regional topographic low at Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia. This regional groundwater system is discharged locally as spring-fed perennial surface water that flows across the salar surface and either evaporates, or reinfiltrates, in lagoon-like environments. This perennial surface water supports diverse flora and fauna in the salar basins, including flamingo, vicuña, and the endemic fish species Orestias ascotanensis. Mining projects in the region began pumping the groundwater system in the Ascotán basin in the mid-1990's, leading to concern about the preservation of spring-fed surface flows. While hydrologic and ecologic monitoring efforts have been coordinated, data collection is limited to in-situ measurements and antecedent records precede extraction by approximately six months. Remote sensing can provide a means for large scale monitoring of the salars, as well as providing additional historical data to support environmental management of the systems. This comparative study utilizes satellite imagery to detect changes in surface water extent in the two salars and evaluate the results for possible correlation with climatic and/or anthropogenic factors. Landsat TM and ETM+ images from the time period of 1986-2011 are analyzed for surface water extent, and geographic information technologies are used to integrate the remotely sensed data with in-situ measurements. Early results indicate that surface water extent on the salar surface has diminished from 1986 and present day conditions. The decrease is most pronounced in the Ascotán basin, suggesting a possible correlation to anthropogenic influences. Also, the rate of decrease in surface water presence is most elevated in the

  14. Comportamiento del diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de mama y cérvicouterino en el municipio Cienfuegos Performance of Early Diagnosis of Breast and Cervical Cancer in the Municipality of Cienfuegos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio Padrón González

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: el cáncer de mama y cérvicouterino están entre las más frecuentes causas de muerte en la población femenina. Su diagnóstico está entre los programas priorizados del Sistema de Salud Pública. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento del Programa del Cáncer de Mama y de Cuello Uterino en el municipio de Cienfuegos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal que se realiza en el marco del proyecto CARMEN y comprende el periodo 2010-2011. Se tomó una muestra aleatoria, estratificada al azar. Se analizaron variables como: edad, estado civil, color de la piel, visita de profesionales de la salud, dominio sobre el autoexamen de mama, examen clínico de las mamas, mamografía, prueba citológica y tiempo transcurrido desde el último chequeo de cada una de las pruebas. Se utilizó el cuestionario del estudio CARMEN. Para el análisis de los resultados se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 15,00. El nivel de significación estadístico que se utilizó fue del 95 %. Resultados: un total de 428 mujeres (41,1 % llevaban más de un año sin ser chequeadas y de ellas 49 (4,6 % llevaba más de cinco años. El 71,2 % de la muestra estudiada nunca se ha realizado una mamografía, del 28,6 % que se las ha realizado. El 91,0 % de las mujeres en las edades comprendidas en el Programa alguna vez se ha hecho la prueba citológica. Conclusiones: no se alcanzan los propósitos establecidos por el Programa Integral para el Control del Cáncer en Cuba. Quedan demostradas las áreas de insuficiencias del Programa de Control del Cáncer de Mama y de Cuello Uterino.Background: breast and cervical cancer are among the most frequent causes of death in women. Therefore, the early detection of these diseases is one of the prioritized programs of the Public Health System. Objective: to describe the performance of the Breast and Cervical Cancer Program in the municipality of Cienfuegos. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted

  15. Effects of hydropeaking on the spawning behaviour of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vollset, K W; Skoglund, H; Wiers, T; Barlaup, B T

    2016-06-01

    An in situ camera set-up was used to study the spawning activity of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta throughout two consecutive seasons in a spawning area affected by hydropower-related pulse flows due to hydropeaking. The purpose was to test whether the flow variation discouraged spawning in shallow areas or motivated spawning into areas with elevated risk of incubation mortality. There were more S. salar observed on the spawning ground during days with high discharge. The presence of S. salar in the spawning grounds was not affected by the hydropeaking cycles of the preceding night. Female S. salar were observed preparing nests within the first hour after water discharge had increased to levels suitable for spawning. In contrast, the number of S. trutta was not correlated with flow and nest preparation was also observed at a discharge corresponding to the lowest discharge levels during a hydropeaking cycle. Survival was generally high in nests excavated the following winter, with only 5·4% suffering mortality due to dewatering. The results suggest that S. salar may respond rapidly to variable-flow conditions and utilize short windows with suitable flows for spawning. Smaller S. trutta may utilize low-flow conditions to spawn in areas that are not habitable by larger S. salar during low flow. © 2016 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

  16. CARMENES. Mining public archives for stellar parameters and spectra of M dwarfs with master thesis students

    Science.gov (United States)

    Caballero, J. A.; Montes, D.; Alonso-Floriano, F. J.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; González-Álvarez, E.; Hidalgo, D.; Holgado, G.; Martínez-Rodríguez, H.; Sanz-Forcada, J.; López-Santiago, J.

    2015-05-01

    We are compiling the most comprehensive database of M dwarfs ever built, CARMENCITA, the CARMENES Cool dwarf Information and daTa Archive, which will be the CARMENES 'input catalogue'. In addition to the science preparation with low- and high-resolution spectrographs and lucky imagers, we compile a huge pile of public data on over 2200 M dwarfs, and analyse them, mostly using virtual-observatory tools. Here we describe four specific actions carried out by master students. They mine public archives for additional high-resolution spectroscopy (UVES, FEROS and HARPS), multi-band photometry (FUV-NUV-u-B-g-V-r-R-i-J-H-Ks-W1-W2-W3-W4), X-ray data (ROSAT, XMM-Newton and Chandra), and periods, rotational velocities and Hα pseudo-equivalent widths. As described, there are many interdependences between all these data.

  17. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. High-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of 324 survey stars

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reiners, A.; Zechmeister, M.; Caballero, J. A.; Ribas, I.; Morales, J. C.; Jeffers, S. V.; Schöfer, P.; Tal-Or, L.; Quirrenbach, A.; Amado, P. J.; Kaminski, A.; Seifert, W.; Abril, M.; Aceituno, J.; Alonso-Floriano, F. J.; Ammler-von Eiff, M.; Antona, R.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; Anwand-Heerwart, H.; Arroyo-Torres, B.; Azzaro, M.; Baroch, D.; Barrado, D.; Bauer, F. F.; Becerril, S.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Benítez, D.; Berdinas˜, Z. M.; Bergond, G.; Blümcke, M.; Brinkmöller, M.; del Burgo, C.; Cano, J.; Cárdenas Vázquez, M. C.; Casal, E.; Cifuentes, C.; Claret, A.; Colomé, J.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Czesla, S.; Díez-Alonso, E.; Dreizler, S.; Feiz, C.; Fernández, M.; Ferro, I. M.; Fuhrmeister, B.; Galadí-Enríquez, D.; Garcia-Piquer, A.; García Vargas, M. L.; Gesa, L.; Galera, V. Gómez; González Hernández, J. I.; González-Peinado, R.; Grözinger, U.; Grohnert, S.; Guàrdia, J.; Guenther, E. W.; Guijarro, A.; Guindos, E. de; Gutiérrez-Soto, J.; Hagen, H.-J.; Hatzes, A. P.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Hedrosa, R. P.; Helmling, J.; Henning, Th.; Hermelo, I.; Hernández Arabí, R.; Hernández Castaño, L.; Hernández Hernando, F.; Herrero, E.; Huber, A.; Huke, P.; Johnson, E. N.; Juan, E. de; Kim, M.; Klein, R.; Klüter, J.; Klutsch, A.; Kürster, M.; Lafarga, M.; Lamert, A.; Lampón, M.; Lara, L. M.; Laun, W.; Lemke, U.; Lenzen, R.; Launhardt, R.; López del Fresno, M.; López-González, J.; López-Puertas, M.; López Salas, J. F.; López-Santiago, J.; Luque, R.; Magán Madinabeitia, H.; Mall, U.; Mancini, L.; Mandel, H.; Marfil, E.; Marín Molina, J. A.; Maroto Fernández, D.; Martín, E. L.; Martín-Ruiz, S.; Marvin, C. J.; Mathar, R. J.; Mirabet, E.; Montes, D.; Moreno-Raya, M. E.; Moya, A.; Mundt, R.; Nagel, E.; Naranjo, V.; Nortmann, L.; Nowak, G.; Ofir, A.; Oreiro, R.; Pallé, E.; Panduro, J.; Pascual, J.; Passegger, V. M.; Pavlov, A.; Pedraz, S.; Pérez-Calpena, A.; Medialdea, D. Pérez; Perger, M.; Perryman, M. A. C.; Pluto, M.; Rabaza, O.; Ramón, A.; Rebolo, R.; Redondo, P.; Reffert, S.; Reinhart, S.; Rhode, P.; Rix, H.-W.; Rodler, F.; Rodríguez, E.; Rodríguez-López, C.; Rodríguez Trinidad, A.; Rohloff, R.-R.; Rosich, A.; Sadegi, S.; Sánchez-Blanco, E.; Sánchez Carrasco, M. A.; Sánchez-López, A.; Sanz-Forcada, J.; Sarkis, P.; Sarmiento, L. F.; Schäfer, S.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Schiller, J.; Schweitzer, A.; Solano, E.; Stahl, O.; Strachan, J. B. P.; Stürmer, J.; Suárez, J. C.; Tabernero, H. M.; Tala, M.; Trifonov, T.; Tulloch, S. M.; Ulbrich, R. G.; Veredas, G.; Vico Linares, J. I.; Vilardell, F.; Wagner, K.; Winkler, J.; Wolthoff, V.; Xu, W.; Yan, F.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.

    2018-04-01

    The CARMENES radial velocity (RV) survey is observing 324 M dwarfs to search for any orbiting planets. In this paper, we present the survey sample by publishing one CARMENES spectrum for each M dwarf. These spectra cover the wavelength range 520-1710 nm at a resolution of at least R >80 000, and we measure its RV, Hα emission, and projected rotation velocity. We present an atlas of high-resolution M-dwarf spectra and compare the spectra to atmospheric models. To quantify the RV precision that can be achieved in low-mass stars over the CARMENES wavelength range, we analyze our empirical information on the RV precision from more than 6500 observations. We compare our high-resolution M-dwarf spectra to atmospheric models where we determine the spectroscopic RV information content, Q, and signal-to-noise ratio. We find that for all M-type dwarfs, the highest RV precision can be reached in the wavelength range 700-900 nm. Observations at longer wavelengths are equally precise only at the very latest spectral types (M8 and M9). We demonstrate that in this spectroscopic range, the large amount of absorption features compensates for the intrinsic faintness of an M7 star. To reach an RV precision of 1 m s-1 in very low mass M dwarfs at longer wavelengths likely requires the use of a 10 m class telescope. For spectral types M6 and earlier, the combination of a red visual and a near-infrared spectrograph is ideal to search for low-mass planets and to distinguish between planets and stellar variability. At a 4 m class telescope, an instrument like CARMENES has the potential to push the RV precision well below the typical jitter level of 3-4 m s-1.

  18. Modeling the Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia as an Equipotential Surface of Earth's Gravity Field

    Science.gov (United States)

    Borsa, Adrian; Bills, Bruce

    2004-01-01

    The salar de Uyuni is a massive dry salt lake that lies at the lowest point of an internal/drainage basin in the Bolivian Altiplano. Its topography is remarkable for its extraordinary flatness over almost a full degree of latitude and longitude. We surveyed a 54 x 45 km region of the salar with kinematic GPS in September, 2002 and found a topographic range of only 80 cm over the entire surveyed area. Furthermore, the survey revealed distinct surface features with several dominant wavelengths and orientations. Some of these appear to be aligned with orographic features that intersect the salar, leading us to conjecture that they are the surface expression of high-density mountains that have been buried by low-density basin sediments. Over the oceans, a similar correspondence between basin bathymetry and surface topography is exploited to map the seafloor using sea-surface satellite altimetry measurements, with the sea surface following geoid undulations due to the underwater mass distribution. On the salar, annual flooding creates a shallow lake whose surface also lies on a equipotential surface shaped by the distribution of underlying mass. The link to the actual salar surface is via the dissolution and redeposition of salt by the lake waters, which appears to push the system to an equilibrium of constant water depth and the coincidence of the shapes of the lake surface and bottom. To test our hypothesis about the origin of the surface features on the salar, we compare our GPS survey elevations with the equipotential surface generated from local gravity measurements in conjunction with gravity and potential values from the EGM96 global geopotential model. 50% of the variance of the GPS elevations can be explained by equipotential surface undulations from the EGM96 model alone, and an additional 40% is explained by the shorter-wavelength equipotential surface derived from local gravity. We examine the unexplained 10% of elevation variance from the standpoint of

  19. Ansiedad ante el aprendizaje de la lengua inglesa y El viaje del inglés de Carme Riera / Anxiety before the learning of the english language and El viaje del inglés of Carme Riera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gemma Delicado

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: En la novela El viaje del inglés (2006 Carmen Riera plasma con fina ironía una carencia nacional: la dificultad, de todos conocida, que ha supuesto en España y desde hace tiempo el aprendizaje de idiomas y, en concreto, de la lengua inglesa. Todo ello a través del personaje de Laura Prats, joven frustrada por su falta de dominio del inglés, quien acaba matando a Mrs. Grose, la enajenada profesora nativa del curso al que asiste en Inglaterra. Entre evocaciones a The Turning of the screw, el film Psicosis y diferentes teorías psicoanalíticas, la novela provoca en el lector la sensación de desorientación que demasiados españoles sienten al estar en contacto con otras lenguas, en especial la inglesa.Summary: In the so called novel El viaje del inglés (2006 Carmen Riera reflects with fine sarcasm on a domestic gap: the renowned Spanish inability to face the acquisition of foreign languages, specially the English learning. All that through the character of Laura Prats, the young woman frustrated with her unconstructive language achievements, who ends up killing the native instructor of the course that she attends in England to improve her English. Among evocations from The Turning of the screw, the film Psicosis and several psychoanalytical theories, the novel generates in the reader the feeling of disorientation that too many Spaniards suffer when facing contact with other languages.

  20. Acerca de los orígenes de las festividades de la Virgen del Mar en la Ciudad de Puntarenas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oriester Abarca

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available La advocación de la Virgen del Carmen es una tradición de origen europeo que se difundió en América al menos desde el siglo XVII. En su versión de Virgen del Mar se difundió desde España. Fundadas por el presbítero José Daniel Carmona en 1914, en la ciudad de Puntarenas se celebran las festividades de la Virgen del Mar como un conjunto de actos religiosos que también suponen la confluencia de intereses económicos y políticos.

  1. Carmen Luisa Letelier Valdés, Premio Nacional de Arte mención Música 2010: su labor como maestra de canto Carmen Luisa Letelier-Valdés, Winner of the National Arts Award in Music 2010: her Work as Professor of the Art of Singing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gonzalo Cuadra Balagna

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available A partir de su experiencia personal como discípulo de Carmen Luisa Letelier Valdés en la Facultad de Artes de la Universidad de Chile, el autor evoca la cualidad vocal de la artista, su aporte al desarrollo de la vida musical chilena y su labor como formadora de importantes cantantes chilenos.The author ofthe article studied singing with Carmen Luisa Letelier-Valdés at the Faculty ofArts ofthe University ofChile. On the basis ofhis direct contact with the artist the author presents a personal view ofthe vocal quality of the artist as well as her contribution to the development ofChilean musical activity and her work as teacher of important Chilean singers.

  2. Geochemical evolution of brines in the Salar of Uyuni, Bolivia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rettig, S.L.; Jones, B.F.; Risacher, F.

    1980-01-01

    Recent analyses of brines from the Salars of Uyuni and Coipasa have been compared with published data for Lakes Titicaca and Poopo to evaluate solute compositional trends in these remnants of two large Pleistocene lakes once connected by overflow from the N to the S of the Bolivian Altiplano. From Titicaca to Poopo the water shows an increase in Cl and N somewhat greater than the total solutes. Ca and SO4 increase to a lesser extent than total dissolved solids, and carbonate species are relatively constant. Between Poopo and Coipasa proportions of Ca, SO4 and CO3 continue to decrease. At Coipasa and Uyuni, the great salars frequently evaporate to halite saturation. Halite crystallization is accompanied by an increased K, Mg and SO4 in residual brines. - from Authors

  3. CARMEN: a system Monte Carlo based on linear programming from direct openings; CARMEN: Un sistema de planficiacion Monte Carlo basado en programacion lineal a partir de aberturas directas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ureba, A.; Pereira-Barbeiro, A. R.; Jimenez-Ortega, E.; Baeza, J. A.; Salguero, F. J.; Leal, A.

    2013-07-01

    The use of Monte Carlo (MC) has shown an improvement in the accuracy of the calculation of the dose compared to other analytics algorithms installed on the systems of business planning, especially in the case of non-standard situations typical of complex techniques such as IMRT and VMAT. Our treatment planning system called CARMEN, is based on the complete simulation, both the beam transport in the head of the accelerator and the patient, and simulation designed for efficient operation in terms of the accuracy of the estimate and the required computation times. (Author)

  4. 50 CFR 226.217 - Critical habitat for the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar).

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). 226.217 Section 226.217 Wildlife and... Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Critical habitat is designated to include all... the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon (GOM DPS), except for those...

  5. Sob a sombra de Carmen Miranda e do carnaval: brasileiras em Los Angeles Under the shadow of Carmen Miranda and carnival: brazilian women in Los Angeles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bernadete Beserra

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Neste artigo, analiso como brasileiras de classes média e média alta em Los Angeles lidam com o fenômeno da exotização das suas imagens. Observo que, embora originalmente articuladas a partir de Hollywood (Carmen Miranda nos limites da hierarquia entre as nações e do colonialismo, essas imagens são hoje alimentadas e recriadas também pelos próprios brasileiros. Uma das idéias centrais que defendo aqui é que embora tais imagens inicialmente restrinjam a ação das brasileiras, uma vez que sempre impõem o diálogo com os seus conteúdos, elas não o fazem permanentemente, ou seja, no processo de integração há espaço para a negociação de outras imagens e conteúdos e isto depende de fatores que vão além da exotização em si.This article discusses how middle and upper-middle class Brazilian women deal with their exoticized images in Los Angeles. It points out that although originally articulated from Hollywood (Carmen Miranda, within the limits of the hierarchy of nations and colonialism, today these images are also fed and recreated by Brazilians. One of the central ideas presented is that, despite constraining the movements and actions of the women, imposing on them the need to dialogue with their content, these exotic images do not do it permanently. In other words, in the process of integration, there is always room for negotiation of other images and contents that depend on factor other than exoticization itself.

  6. CARMEN: a system Monte Carlo based on linear programming from direct openings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ureba, A.; Pereira-Barbeiro, A. R.; Jimenez-Ortega, E.; Baeza, J. A.; Salguero, F. J.; Leal, A.

    2013-01-01

    The use of Monte Carlo (MC) has shown an improvement in the accuracy of the calculation of the dose compared to other analytics algorithms installed on the systems of business planning, especially in the case of non-standard situations typical of complex techniques such as IMRT and VMAT. Our treatment planning system called CARMEN, is based on the complete simulation, both the beam transport in the head of the accelerator and the patient, and simulation designed for efficient operation in terms of the accuracy of the estimate and the required computation times. (Author)

  7. Microbial diversity of the hypersaline and lithium-rich Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Haferburg, Götz; Gröning, Janosch A D; Schmidt, Nadja; Kummer, Nicolai-Alexeji; Erquicia, Juan Carlos; Schlömann, Michael

    2017-06-01

    Salar de Uyuni, situated in the Southwest of the Bolivian Altiplano, is the largest salt flat on Earth. Brines of this athalassohaline hypersaline environment are rich in lithium and boron. Due to the ever- increasing commodity demand, the industrial exploitation of brines for metal recovery from the world's biggest lithium reservoir is likely to increase substantially in the near future. Studies on the composition of halophilic microbial communities in brines of the salar have not been published yet. Here we report for the first time on the prokaryotic diversity of four brine habitats across the salar. The brine is characterized by salinity values between 132 and 177 PSU, slightly acidic to near-neutral pH and lithium and boron concentrations of up to 2.0 and 1.4g/L, respectively. Community analysis was performed after sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes employing the Illumina MiSeq technology. The mothur software package was used for sequence processing and data analysis. Metagenomic analysis revealed the occurrence of an exclusively archaeal community comprising 26 halobacterial genera including only recently identified genera like Halapricum, Halorubellus and Salinarchaeum. Despite the high diversity of the halobacteria-dominated community in sample P3 (Shannon-Weaver index H'=3.12 at 3% OTU cutoff) almost 40% of the Halobacteriaceae-assigned sequences could not be classified on the genus level under stringent filtering conditions. Even if the limited taxonomic resolution of the V3-V4 region for halobacteria is considered, it seems likely to discover new, hitherto undescribed genera of the family halobacteriaceae in this particular habitat of Salar de Uyuni in future. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

  8. Evidence of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fry movement between fresh water and a brackish environment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taal, I; Rohtla, M; Saks, L; Svirgsden, R; Kesler, M; Matetski, L; Vetemaa, M

    2017-08-01

    This study reports descent of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fry from their natal streams to brackish waters of the Baltic Sea and their use of this environment as an alternative rearing habitat before ascending back to freshwater streams. To the authors' knowledge, residency in a brackish environment has not previously been demonstrated in S. salar fry. Recruitment success and evolutionary significance of this alternative life-history strategy are presently not known. © 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

  9. Elvis Presley y la tradicion del cine musical de Hollywood

    OpenAIRE

    Carrega, Jorge

    2013-01-01

    Por ter sido publicado numa revista espanhola, o artigo apresenta o título e o resumo em castelhano, mas o texto está em português. Depreciadas por la crítica cinematográfica, las películas protagonizadas por Elvis Presley son ejemplos relevantes de uno de los principales subgéneros del cine musical de Hollywood, la comedia musical protagonizada por intérpretes de la canción popular tornados actores como Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Carmen Miranda, Doris Day y Dean Martin. Pioneros en...

  10. La recaudación del Impuesto al Hospedaje en el Estado de Quintana Roo, México: estadística descriptiva y patrón de tendencia fractal

    OpenAIRE

    Sergio Lagunas Puls

    2014-01-01

    Partiendo de la gran importancia que representa la recaudación del Impuesto al Hospedaje en los destinos de sol y playa de México, se establece como objetivo analizar el comportamiento del gravamen en el Estado de Quintana Roo, en donde geográficamente se encuentran Cancún, Cozumel, Playa del Carmen y Tulum, en la Riviera Maya. El trabajo se inicia estableciendo la significación de la recaudación analizada con respecto a los demás ingresos por concepto de impuestos estatales, continuando con ...

  11. Predictability of multispecies competitive interactions in three populations of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Houde, A L S; Wilson, C C; Neff, B D

    2015-04-01

    Juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from three allopatric populations (LaHave, Sebago and Saint-Jean) were placed into artificial streams with combinations of four non-native salmonids: brown trout Salmo trutta, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. Non-additive effects, as evidenced by lower performance than predicted from weighted summed two-species competition trials, were detected for S. salar fork length (LF ) and mass, but not for survival, condition factor or riffle use. These data support emerging theory on niche overlap and species richness as factors that can lead to non-additive competition effects. © 2015 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

  12. Metafiction and intertextuality in Prénom: Carmen by Jean-Luc Godard

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pujante Segura, Carmen

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available J. L. Godard appears as a character in "Prénom: Carmen" (1983, not only as a homage to himself and/or to the cinema, to genres, to texts, to actors, etc., but also to leave his mark on his version, that is, the adaptation of the well-known myth of the modern and godardian femme fatale. Godard uses the recurrence to intertextuality and to metafiction as the only possible instruments to make and to think about the language of cinema and about art in all their splendour. In this way, prejudices of adaptation are overcome by cinema.

  13. METAFICTION AND INTERTEXTUALITY IN 'PRÉNOM: CARMEN0 BY JEAN-LUC GODARD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Pujante Segura

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available J. L. Godard appears as a character in Prénom: Carmen (1983, not only as a homage to himself and/or to the cinema, to genres, to texts, to actors, etc., but also to leave his mark on his version, that is, the adaptation of the well-known myth of the modern and godardian femme fatale. Godard uses the recurrence to intertextuality and to metafiction as the only possible instruments to make and to think about the language of cinema and about art in all their splendour. In this way, prejudices of adaptation are overcome by cinema.

  14. Escribirlo al fin: Visto al pasar. República, guerra y exilio de María del Carmen García Antón. Memoria desde el destierro en Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Virginia Bonatto

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Visto al pasar. República, guerra y exilio is the autobiographical story of a woman from the Republican faction who was driven to permanent exile in Argentina after the Spanish Civil War. The documentary value of her book resides not only in its detailed reconstruction of life and habits during the years of the war, but also in the experiences of Carmen García Antón with world-wide known writers and artists. Moreover, the book invites a reflection on the strategies to legitimize and construct the subject's identity in contemporary Autobiography.

  15. Especies de Lutzomyia en un foco urbano de leishmaniasis visceral y cutánea en El Carmen de Bolívar, Bolívar, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Alberto Cortés

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. Se describen algunos aspectos de la ecología y de la importancia de las especies de Lutzomyia presentes en un foco de leishmaniasis en El Carmen de Bolívar, departamento de Bolívar. Objetivos. Establecer algunos de los patrones del comportamiento de las especies de Lutzomyia y asociar su posible papel en la transmisión de leishmaniasis en un foco de leishmaniasis visceral y cutánea. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron trampas CDC en diferentes hábitat, se hicieron capturas mensuales en cebo humano protegido en el intradomicilio y capturas en trampas Shannon en el extradomiclio. Estos datos se compararon con variables independientes, como precipitación, temperatura, humedad relativa y velocidad del viento mediante una correlación de Pearson para estimar el grado de asociación y determinar la influencia de las condiciones climáticas sobre la densidad de adultos de L. evansi y L. gomezi en diferentes hábitat. Resultados. Se capturaron cinco especies de Lutzomyia: L. evansi, L. cayennensis cayennensis, L. gomezi, L. dubitansi y L. walkeri. L. evansi y L. gomezi presentaron una relación significativa en la abundancia de adultos contra la velocidad del viento en el intradomicilio, las especies de Lutzomyia capturadas mostraron un comportamiento antropofílico con una actividad constante entre las 18:00 y las 20:00 horas. Conclusión. L. evansi y L. gomezi están en relación inversamente proporcional a la velocidad del viento, al disminuir, aumentan la actividad de las poblaciones de estas especies.

  16. Preparation of the CARMENES Input Catalogue: Mining Public Archives for Stellar Parameters and Spectra of M Dwarfs with Master Thesis Students

    Science.gov (United States)

    Montes, D.; Caballero, J. A.; Alonso-Floriano, F. J.; Cortes Contreras, M.; Gonzalez-Alvarez, E.; Hidalgo, D.; Holgado, G.; Llamas, M.; Martinez-Rodriguez, H.; Sanz-Forcada, J.

    2015-01-01

    We help compiling the most comprehensive database of M dwarfs ever built, CARMENCITA, the CARMENES Cool dwarf Information and daTa Archive, which will be the CARMENES `input catalogue'. In addition to the science preparation with low- and high-resolution spectrographs and lucky imagers (see the other contributions in this volume), we compile a huge pile of public data on over 2100 M dwarfs, and analyze them, mostly using virtual-observatory tools. Here we describe four specific actions carried out by master and grade students. They mine public archives for additional high-resolution spectroscopy (UVES, FEROS and HARPS), multi-band photometry (FUV-NUV-u-B-g-V-r-R-i-J-H-Ks-W1-W2-W3-W4), X-ray data (ROSAT, XMM-Newton and Chandra), periods, rotational velocities and Hα pseudo-equivalent widths. As described, there are many interdependences between all these data.

  17. Effects of rearing density and dietary fat content on burst-swim performance and oxygen transport capacity in juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hammenstig, D; Sandblom, E; Axelsson, M; Johnsson, J I

    2014-10-01

    The effects of hatchery rearing density (conventional or one third of conventional density) and feeding regime (high or reduced dietary fat levels) on burst-swim performance and oxygen transport capacity were studied in hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, using wild fish as a reference group. There was no effect of rearing density or food regime on swimming performance in parr and smolts. The maximum swimming speed of wild parr was significantly higher than that of hatchery-reared conspecifics, while no such difference remained at the smolt stage. In smolts, relative ventricle mass was higher in wild S. salar compared with hatchery-reared fish. Moreover, wild S. salar had lower maximum oxygen consumption following a burst-swim challenge than hatchery fish. There were no effects of hatchery treatment on maximum oxygen consumption or relative ventricle mass. Haemoglobin and haematocrit levels, however, were lower in low-density fish than in fish reared at conventional density. Furthermore, dorsal-fin damage, an indicator of aggression, was similar in low-density reared and wild fish and lower than in S. salar reared at conventional density. Together, these results suggest that reduced rearing density is more important than reduced dietary fat levels in producing an S. salar smolt suitable for supplementary release. © 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

  18. Comparación de dos métodos de liberación del berrendo,Antilocapra americana (Artiodactyla: Antilocapridae) en Coahuila, México

    OpenAIRE

    Sotelo Gallardo, Hugo; Contreras Balderas, Armando J.; Treviño, Alejandro Espinosa

    2017-01-01

    ResumenLa reintroducción de especies desaparecidas de mamíferos en sus hábitats históricos ha sido recientemente de gran interés. Desde 1967 se han realizado varios intentos de reintroducción del berrendo en México, ninguno ha sido exitoso. El objetivo de este estudio es proveer información que contribuya a evaluar el éxito de la liberación. El estudio se sustentó en el monitoreo de 100 individuos (70 hembras y 25 machos) capturados en Nuevo México E.U.A. y liberados en Maderas del Carmen, Co...

  19. La aristocracia galorromana ante las migraciones bárbaras del siglo V: la invención del burgundio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Hernández Lobato

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available La presente comunicación se propone elucidar el papel de la poesía tardoantigua en la construcción social del “otro” bárbaro, esencial en la crisis identitaria del bajo Imperio Romano. Nos centraremos para ello en el cáustico carmen 12 de Sidonio Apolinar (430/431-489 d. C., más comúnmente conocido como la “sátira de los Burgundios”.Esta pieza compuesta en torno al año 461 denuncia en clave de humor la extrema precariedad que atravesaba la maltratada capital lionesa ante la presencia masiva en sus calles y plazas de refugiados burgundios, que habían pasado de la noche a la mañana a enseñorearse de la colapsada ciudad galorromana, imponiendo a cada paso sus “incívicos” usos y costumbres. El poema –de una amarga comicidad– nos revela la frustración de un aristócrata nostálgico, que –ansioso por preservar el legado cultural del mundo romano– debe afrontar los cambios que necesariamente comporta la presencia de ese gran “otro” en el horizonte del Imperio y confesar, en último término, la inviabilidad de su proyecto, la imposibilidad de la poesía.Partiendo del evidente sesgo ideológico de este prisma literario, intentaremos reconstruir la historia del colectivo humano de los burgundios, uno de los más pujantes y creativos del panorama protogermánico.

  20. HERENCIA ESTILÍSTICA Y VOLUNTAD DE RENOVACIÓN EN LA CRÍTICA LITERARIA ESPAÑOLA DE LOS SETENTA. ALGO SOBRE DÁMASO ALONSO, CARMEN BOBES NAVES Y ANTONIO GARCÍA BERRIO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vicente Tuset Mayoral

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo desarrolla la hipótesis según la cual el predominio de la estilística obturó la recepción de los aspectos más fecundos y renovadores del paradigma epistemológico estructuralista. Para ello examinamos dos momentos: En primer lugar, las iniciales consideraciones de Dámaso Alonso en torno a Saussure, como hecho inaugural de esa recepción condicionada. Luego, analizamos dos títulos de principios de la década del setenta: Significado actual del formalismo ruso (1973, de Antonio García Berrio; y La semiótica como teoría lingüística (1973, de María del Carmen Bobes Naves. Lo que perseguimos en esta segunda parte es mostrar hasta qué punto las opiniones de Alonso siguen condicionando la recepción del estructuralismo en un momento clave para la renovación teórica de la crítica literaria española; y eso, además, para obras de tono y perspectivas muy disímiles, de las que puede decirse que representan polos opuestos  en un contexto, el de los últimos años de la dictadura franquista, que fue de gran agitación en el ámbito universitario, y en el que a menudo las demandas por la dignificación laboral y la democratización de las instituciones, se hermanaron con las de actualización y modernización de los planes de estudio.

  1. Modeling the topography of the salar de Uyuni, Bolivia as an equipotential surface of Earth’s gravity field

    OpenAIRE

    Borsa, Adrian

    2008-01-01

    The salar de Uyuni is a massive dry salt lake that lies at the lowest point of an internal drainage basin in the Bolivian Altiplano. A kinematic GPS survey of the salar in September 2002 found a topographic range of only 80 cm over a 54 × 45 km area and subtle surface features that appeared to correlate with mapped gravity. In order to confirm the correlation between topography and gravity/geopotential, we use local gravity measurements and the EGM96 global geopotential model to construct a c...

  2. Efectos del control del picudo negro (Cosmopolites sordidus en el plátano.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignacio Armendáriz

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue comprobar el efecto en el plátano de las capturas masivas de adultos con feromonas y de la aplicación de hongos entomopatógenos sobre Cosmopolites sordidus. La investigación se realizó en el Carmen, Manabí, Ecuador, de diciembre 2013 a octubre 2014 en una parcela de nueva plantación de plátano Barraganete y se valoró el efecto de la eliminación de restos vegetales de las parcelas. El diseño experimental fue al azar con tres repeticiones. En laboratorio se comprobó la infectividad de la cepa de Beauveria bassiana sobre adultos del picudo negro y del picudo café (Metamasius hemipterus (92,80 y 100% en M. hemipterus frente a 46,70 y 16,20% en C. sordidus. Las capturas de adultos fueron continuas a lo largo del ensayo, con una media de 0,37 adultos/trampa/día. Los datos agronómicos indicaron una diferencia positiva y significativa (análisis de la varianza de los tratamientos frente al control en el perímetro del pseudotallo (F de 4,982 y en el peso de los racimos entre las parcelas limpias con feromonas y con hongos limpias frente al control (F= 3,994. Al comparar los tratamientos el peso del racimo y la longitud de los dedos fueron significativamente mayores en las parcelas de feromonas frente a las de hongos (F = 4,508. Las capturas de adultos con feromonas no estuvieron condicionadas por la limpieza de las parcelas, aunque esta sí incidió en la altura de las plantas (F= 4,245.

  3. Effects of feed quality and quantity on growth, early maturation and smolt development in hatchery-reared landlocked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Norrgård, J R; Bergman, E; Greenberg, L A; Schmitz, M

    2014-10-01

    The effects of feed quality and quantity on growth, early male parr maturation and development of smolt characteristics were studied in hatchery-reared landlocked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. The fish were subjected to two levels of feed rations and two levels of lipid content from first feeding until release in May of their second year. Salmo salar fed high rations, regardless of lipid content, grew the most and those fed low lipid feed with low rations grew the least. In addition, fish fed low lipid feed had lower body lipid levels than fish fed high lipid feed. Salmo salar from all treatments showed some reduction in condition factor (K) and lipid levels during their second spring. Smolt status was evaluated using both physiological and morphological variables. These results, based on gill Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase (NKA) enzyme activity, saltwater tolerance challenges and visual assessments, were consistent with each other, showing that S. salar from all treatments, except the treatment in which the fish were fed low rations with low lipid content, exhibited characteristics associated with smolting at 2 years of age. Sexually mature male parr from the high ration, high lipid content treatment were also subjected to saltwater challenge tests, and were found to be unable to regulate plasma sodium levels. The proportion of sexually mature male parr was reduced when the fish were fed low feed rations, but was not affected by the lipid content of the feed. Salmo salar fed low rations with low lipid content exhibited the highest degree of severe fin erosion. © 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

  4. Evidence for long-term change in length, mass and migration phenology of anadromous spawners in French Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bal, G; Montorio, L; Rivot, E; Prévost, E; Baglinière, J-L; Nevoux, M

    2017-06-01

    This study provides new data on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar life-history traits across France. Using a long-term recreational angling database (1987-2013) covering 34 rivers in three regions (genetic units), a decline in individual length, mass and a delayed adult return to French rivers was reported. Temporal similarities in trait variations between regions may be attributed to common change in environmental conditions at sea. The relative rate of change in phenotypic traits was more pronounced in early maturing fish [1 sea-winter (1SW) fish] than in late maturing fish (2SW fish). Such contrasted response within populations highlights the need to account for the diversity in life histories when exploring mechanisms of phenotypic change in S. salar. Such detailed life-history data on returning S. salar have not previously been reported from France. This study on French populations also contributes to reducing the gap in knowledge by providing further empirical evidence of a global pattern in S. salar across its distribution range. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that the observed changes in life-history traits are primarily associated with environmental changes in the North Atlantic Ocean. They also emphasize the presence of less important, but still significant contrasts between region and life history. © 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

  5. Estrogen therapy offsets thermal impairment of vitellogenesis, but not zonagenesis, in maiden spawning female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kelli Anderson

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available In female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, exposure to warm summer temperatures causes a reduction in plasma 17β-estradiol (E2, which impairs downstream vitellogenesis and zonagenesis, and reduces egg fertility and embryo survival. The aim of the present study was to determine whether E2-treatment could offset thermal impairment of endocrine function and maintain egg quality in maiden (first-time-spawning S. salar reared at 22 °C. Treatment with E2 at 22 °C stimulated vitellogenin (vtg gene expression and subsequent protein synthesis which promoted oocyte growth and increased egg size relative to untreated fish at 14 and 22 °C. However, E2-treatment at 22 °C was not associated with an increase in egg fertility and embryo survival relative to untreated fish at 22 °C, despite the positive effects of E2-treatment on vitellogenesis and oocyte growth. As there was no evidence to suggest that the estrogen receptor alpha expression was suppressed by high temperature, this could be due to the lack of stimulation on zonagenesis by E2-treatment observed at high temperature during oocyte development. Our results demonstrate that treatment with E2 is not able to maintain zonagenesis or egg quality in maiden S. salar at high temperature, even when vtg gene expression, protein synthesis and subsequent oocyte growth is promoted. This implies that the mechanisms regulating zonagenesis, but not vitellogenesis are impaired at elevated temperature in female S. salar broodstock, and highlights the remarkable complexity of thermally induced endocrine disruption in fish.

  6. Distribution by origin and sea age of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the sea around the Faroe Islands based on analysis of historical tag recoveries

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jacobsen, Jan Arge; Hansen, Lars P.; Bakkestuen, Vegar

    2012-01-01

    Distribution by origin and sea age of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the sea around the Faroe Islands based on analysis of historical tag recoveries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1598–1608.A database of 2651 tags applied to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in 13 countries...

  7. Divergent trends in life-history traits between Atlantic salmon Salmo salar of wild and hatchery origin in the Baltic Sea.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vainikka, A; Kallio-Nyberg, I; Heino, M; Koljonen, M-L

    2010-02-01

    Four Atlantic salmon Salmo salar stocks in the Baltic Sea, varying in their breeding history, were studied for changes in life-history traits over the years 1972-1995. Total length (L(T)) at age of captured (L(TC)) fish had increased throughout the study period, partly due to increased temperature and increased L(T) at release, (L(TR)) but also due to remaining cohort effects that could represent unaccounted environmental or genetic change. Simultaneously, maturation probabilities controlled for water temperature, L(TC) and L(TR) had increased in all stocks. The least change was observed in the River Tornionjoki S. salar that was subject only to supportive stockings originating from wild parents. These results suggest a long-term divergence between semi-natural and broodstock-based S. salar stocks. Increased L(T) at age explained advanced maturation only marginally, and it remains an open question to what extent the generally increased probabilities to mature at early age reflected underlying genetic changes.

  8. Isotope hydrology and geochemistry of northern Chile groundwaters

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    1995-01-01

    Full Text Available HYDROLOGIE ISOTOPIQUE ET GEOCHIMIE DES EAUX SOUTERRAINES DU NORD CHILI. Cet article est un résumé des études de caractérisation d’aquifères situés dans la Pampa del Tamarugal et du Salar de Atacama au nord du Chili à l’aide d’isotopes. Les objectifs principaux de ces études étaient d’obtenir de l’information sur l’origine et le temps de résidence des eaux souterraines, la qualité des eaux, les taux d’évaporation des salars et la relation entre les inondations et la recharge des aquifères. Les principales conclusions de ces études sont les suivantes: a la majorité de l’eau souterraine est de bonne qualité à l’exception des zones situées près des salars b un système multi-aquifère a été identifié dans le bassin de la Pampa del Tamaragual en relation avec des zones de recharges situées à différentes altitudes et c une importante portion des eaux souterraines dans les aquifères de la Pampa devraient êtres considérées comme une ressource non renouvelable. HIDROLOGÍA ISOTÓPICA Y GEOQUÍMICA DE LAS AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS DEL NORTE DE CHILE. En este trabajo se presenta un resumen de estudios que se han realizado en el Norte de Chile, en acuíferos localizados en la Pampa del Tamarugal y en el Salar de Atacama. Los principales objetivos de esos estudios fueron obtener información sobre el origen y el tiempo de residencia del agua subterránea, calidad química del agua, tasas de evaporación desde los salares y evaluar la relación entre inundaciones y recarga a los acuíferos. Las principales conclusiones de estos estudios fueron las siguientes: a la mayoría del agua subterránea es de buena calidad, con la excepción de las áreas cercanas a los salares b se identificó en la cuenca de la Pampa del Tamarugal un sistema de multiacuífero relacionado a áreas de recargas localizadas en diferentes altitudes c una parte importante del agua subterránea en la Pampa del Tamarugal tiene que ser tratada como un recurso

  9. A microsatellite baseline for genetic stock identification of European Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gilbey, John; Coughlan, Jamie; Wennevik, Vidar

    2018-01-01

    Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations from different river origins mix in the North Atlantic during the marine life stage. To facilitate marine stock identification, we developed a genetic baseline covering the European component of the species' range excluding the Baltic Sea, from the Rus...

  10. Consuming Carmen Miranda: Dislocations and Dissonances in the Reception of an Icon

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando de Figueiredo Balieiro

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available From the perspective of cultural studies, in its dialogs with feminist and queer studies, this article analyzes the identification of various publics with Carmen Miranda based on the consumption of her filmic, musical and artistic products, accessing her professional trajectory in its imbrication with its various forms of reception. The focus will be on the negotiations of the artist with her publics, touching on how her career involved reconfigurations concerning aspects of gender, race and sexuality. It is based on a perspective that considers the dynamism of mass culture, considering possibilities for various forms of appropriation of cultural products, as well as shifts and dissonances in receptions. To analyze these aspects, the paper focuses on feminine receptions in Brazil and the United States, and those of a male homosexual public contemporary to her career.

  11. Reprogramación del polen y obtención de plantas doble-haploide de Capsisum annuum L.: Marcadores celulares y expresión de moléculas señalizadoras de estrés.

    OpenAIRE

    Bárány, Ivett

    2011-01-01

    Universidad: Complutense De Madrid Departamento: Genetica Fecha De Lectura: 11/04/2008 Dirección: Director: Maria Del Carmen Risueño Almeida Codirector: Pilar Sanchez Testillano Tribunal: Presidente: Benjamín Fernández Ruiz Secretario: Cristina Pardo Martín Vocal: María Ángeles Bueno Pérez Vocal: Óscar Visente Meana Vocal: José María Seguí Simarro

  12. Genetic structure of European populations of Salmo salar L (Atlantic salmon) inferred from mitochondrial DNA

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Eg Nielsen, Einar; Hansen, Michael Møller; Loeschcke, V.

    1996-01-01

    The genetic relationships between the only natural population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Denmark and seven other European salmon populations were studied using RFLP analysis of PCR amplified mitochondrial DNA segments. Six different haplotypes were detected by restriction enzyme...

  13. del siglo XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro González Morales

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo analizamos las diferentes etapas por las que ha pasado el desarrollo turístico de la isla de Lanzarote. Se distinguen tres periodos de características diferenciadas. El primero, antes de los años setenta, supone el desarrollo de una incipiente industria turística, donde predominan el capital belga y francés; el segundo es un periodo que abarca desde 1973 hasta 1983, en estos 10 años la isla experimenta un cambio sustancial, el capital alemán se vuelve hegemónico y se desarrolla con fuerza el denominado turismo de masas, sobre todo en el municipio de Tías (Puerto del Carmen; por último a partir de principios de los ochenta nos encontramos con una etapa de similares características que la anterior hasta 1995, con un gran desarrollo de Yaiza y Teguise, a partir de esta fecha y hasta la actualidad se introducen los valores de sostenibilidad, aunque sin demasiado éxito, pues se sigue construyendo mucho y no de precisamente alta calidad.

  14. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. HD147379 b: A nearby Neptune in the temperate zone of an early-M dwarf

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reiners, A.; Ribas, I.; Zechmeister, M.; Caballero, J. A.; Trifonov, T.; Dreizler, S.; Morales, J. C.; Tal-Or, L.; Lafarga, M.; Quirrenbach, A.; Amado, P. J.; Kaminski, A.; Jeffers, S. V.; Aceituno, J.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Guàrdia, J.; Guenther, E. W.; Hagen, H.-J.; Montes, D.; Passegger, V. M.; Seifert, W.; Schweitzer, A.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Abril, M.; Alonso-Floriano, F. J.; Eiff, M. Ammler-von; Antona, R.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; Anwand-Heerwart, H.; Arroyo-Torres, B.; Azzaro, M.; Baroch, D.; Barrado, D.; Bauer, F. F.; Becerril, S.; Benítez, D.; Berdiñas, Z. M.; Bergond, G.; Blümcke, M.; Brinkmöller, M.; del Burgo, C.; Cano, J.; Cárdenas Vázquez, M. C.; Casal, E.; Cifuentes, C.; Claret, A.; Colomé, J.; Czesla, S.; Díez-Alonso, E.; Feiz, C.; Fernández, M.; Ferro, I. M.; Fuhrmeister, B.; Galadí-Enríquez, D.; Garcia-Piquer, A.; García Vargas, M. L.; Gesa, L.; Gómez Galera, V.; González Hernández, J. I.; González-Peinado, R.; Grözinger, U.; Grohnert, S.; Guijarro, A.; de Guindos, E.; Gutiérrez-Soto, J.; Hatzes, A. P.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Hedrosa, R. P.; Helmling, J.; Henning, Th.; Hermelo, I.; Hernández Arabí, R.; Hernández Castaño, L.; Hernández Hernando, F.; Herrero, E.; Huber, A.; Huke, P.; Johnson, E. N.; de Juan, E.; Kim, M.; Klein, R.; Klüter, J.; Klutsch, A.; Kürster, M.; Labarga, F.; Lamert, A.; Lampón, M.; Lara, L. M.; Laun, W.; Lemke, U.; Lenzen, R.; Launhardt, R.; López del Fresno, M.; López-González, M. J.; López-Puertas, M.; López Salas, J. F.; López-Santiago, J.; Luque, R.; Magán Madinabeitia, H.; Mall, U.; Mancini, L.; Mandel, H.; Marfil, E.; Marín Molina, J. A.; Maroto Fernández, D.; Martín, E. L.; Martín-Ruiz, S.; Marvin, C. J.; Mathar, R. J.; Mirabet, E.; Moreno-Raya, M. E.; Moya, A.; Mundt, R.; Nagel, E.; Naranjo, V.; Nortmann, L.; Nowak, G.; Ofir, A.; Oreiro, R.; Pallé, E.; Panduro, J.; Pascual, J.; Pavlov, A.; Pedraz, S.; Pérez-Calpena, A.; Pérez Medialdea, D.; Perger, M.; Perryman, M. A. C.; Pluto, M.; Rabaza, O.; Ramón, A.; Rebolo, R.; Redondo, P.; Reffert, S.; Reinhart, S.; Rhode, P.; Rix, H.-W.; Rodler, F.; Rodríguez, E.; Rodríguez-López, C.; Rodríguez Trinidad, A.; Rohloff, R.-R.; Rosich, A.; Sadegi, S.; Sánchez-Blanco, E.; Sánchez Carrasco, M. A.; Sánchez-López, A.; Sanz-Forcada, J.; Sarkis, P.; Sarmiento, L. F.; Schäfer, S.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Schiller, J.; Schöfer, P.; Solano, E.; Stahl, O.; Strachan, J. B. P.; Stürmer, J.; Suárez, J. C.; Tabernero, H. M.; Tala, M.; Tulloch, S. M.; Ulbrich, R.-G.; Veredas, G.; Vico Linares, J. I.; Vilardell, F.; Wagner, K.; Winkler, J.; Wolthoff, V.; Xu, W.; Yan, F.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.

    2018-02-01

    We report on the first star discovered to host a planet detected by radial velocity (RV) observations obtained within the CARMENES survey for exoplanets around M dwarfs. HD 147379 (V = 8.9 mag, M = 0.58 ± 0.08 M⊙), a bright M0.0 V star at a distance of 10.7 pc, is found to undergo periodic RV variations with a semi-amplitude of K = 5.1 ± 0.4 m s-1 and a period of P = 86.54 ± 0.06 d. The RV signal is found in our CARMENES data, which were taken between 2016 and 2017, and is supported by HIRES/Keck observations that were obtained since 2000. The RV variations are interpreted as resulting from a planet of minimum mass mP sin i = 25 ± 2 M⊕, 1.5 times the mass of Neptune, with an orbital semi-major axis a = 0.32 au and low eccentricity (e ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/609/L5

  15. German authors on Estonian minority rights : Selbstbestimmungsrecht und Minderheitenschutz in Estland, by Carmen Thiele. Berlin : Springer, 1999 ; Das Recht der nationalen Minderheiten in Osteuropa, edited by Georg Brunner and Boris Meissner. Berlin

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Annus, Taavi, 1977-

    2004-01-01

    Arvustus: Thiele, Carmen. Selbstbestimmungsrecht und Minderheitenschutz in Estland. Berlin : Springer, 1999 ; Das Recht der nationalen Minderheiten in Osteuropa. Berlin : Berlin Verlag Arno Spitz, 1999

  16. Differential effects of mercurial compounds on the electroolfactogram (EOG) of salmon (Salmo salar L.)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Baatrup, E; Døving, K B; Winberg, S

    1991-01-01

    The effects on the salmon (Salmo salar L.) electroolfactogram (EOG) of the two mercurials, mercuric chloride (HgCl2) and methylmercuric chloride (CH3HgCl), were studied. The EOG responses were evoked by stimulating the olfactory epithelium with 340 microM L-alanine for 10 sec every second minute...

  17. Los milagros de la Mamá Grande

    OpenAIRE

    Palomares Güells, Laura

    2017-01-01

    Análisis de la figura mítica de Carmen Balcells desde el arquetipo de "la Mamá Grande" con el que se la ha identificado en numerosas ocasiones, para observar la relevancia de Balcells en la memoria editorial colectiva del boom latinoamericano. Anàlisi de la figura mítica de Carmen Balcells des de l'arquetip de la "Mamà Gran" amb el que se l'ha identificat en nombroses ocasions per a observar la rellevància de Balcells en la memòria editorial col·lectiva del boom llatinoamericà.

  18. Risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases and the CARMEN Initiative: a population-based study in the South of Brazil Fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis e a Iniciativa CARMEN: estudo de base populacional no sul do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Fernandes Capilheira

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available The CARMEN Initiative is a strategy of the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization that proposes population-based interventions to reduce risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD by approaching them simultaneously. The present study aims to provide a baseline for further interventions by the CARMEN Initiative based on a cross-sectional population-based study of 3,100 adults (>20 years old in Pelotas, a city in the South of Brazil. Prevalence of smoking, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and excess weight were studied and presented separately and aggregated in various combinations. The most frequent risk factor was physical inactivity (73.2%, followed by excess weight (48.1%. Women were less active and thinner than men. More than half of the sample showed two or three risk factors (53.4%. The combination of physical inactivity and excess weight was observed in 34.7% of the sample, while 10.8% presented physical inactivity, excess weight, and hypertension concurrently. The accumulation of risk factors for CNCD is frequent in the study population and the identification of the most common combinations is essential for planning future interventions.A Iniciativa CARMEN é uma estratégia da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde e da Organização Mundial da Saúde de combate às doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis, que prevê intervenções populacionais para a redução simultânea de seus fatores de risco. Pretende-se fornecer uma linha de base para intervenções da Iniciativa CARMEN valendo-se de um estudo de base populacional com 3.100 adultos (> 20 anos, moradores de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Os fatores estudados foram: tabagismo, sedentarismo, diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e excesso de peso, sendo descritos acumulados, isoladamente e em combinações. O sedentarismo foi o fator de risco mais prevalente (73,2%, seguido do excesso de peso (48,1%. As

  19. La inclusión de un estudiante con trastorno del espectro autista en educación superior

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia Estela Yon Guzmán

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Mediante un estudio etnográfico se describe y analiza el proceso para sensibilizar a docentes y estudiantes universitarios en torno a la inclusión de un estudiante con la condición de Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA, en la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Campeche. Participaron el estudiante, docentes y estudiantes del 1er semestre de la licenciatura de Comunicación y Gestión Cultural y del 5to semestre de la Licenciatura en Educación. Se utilizó la entrevista abierta, la observación participante, y un taller donde se abordó los conceptos, fundamentos, características y estrategias del TEA. La metodología empleada permitió comprender el funcionamiento del estudiante con TEA, considerar las teorías que lo fundamentan, que confirman las debilidades y fortalezas en las personas con esta condición, identificar las necesidades del estudiante, sensibilizar y proponer estrategias para minimizar las barreras para el aprendizaje y la participación que favorezcan la inclusión en las IES. El taller de sensibilización puede ser una acción a desarrollar en las instituciones de educación superior para favorecer la inclusión, para lo cual se deben considerar las condiciones del contexto y las particularidades de los estudiantes.

  20. Proteolysis in salmon ( Salmo salar ) during cold storage : Effects of storage time and smoking process

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lund, K.E.; Nielsen, Henrik Hauch

    2001-01-01

    Changes in free amino acids (FAAs), small peptides and myofibrillar proteins were investigated in salmon (Salmo salar) muscle stored at OC for up to 23 days and after the stored salmon was smoked. Storage time and smoking process did not increase the formation of FAAs and small peptides indicating...

  1. Barrios de inmigración chilena en Río Gallegos. Una aproximación a la percepción de los habitantes de la ciudad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Norambuena

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available La migración es parte de la dinámica poblacional de un territorio. Los flujos migratorios varían en procedencia, magnitud y causalidad concreta a lo largo del tiempo producto de las actividades económicas, políticas, entre otras, que se desarrollan en una región.Durante el siglo XX, Santa Cruz ha recibido flujos migratorios procedentes de la Patagonia chilena impulsados por la crisis políticas, económicas, sociales y fenómenos naturales que presentó Chile, como el terremoto en Valdivia en 1960.Los chilenos que se radicaron en la ciudad de Río Gallegos durante el siglo XX, configuraron dos espacios geográficos urbanos bien diferenciados del resto, fácilmente identificables, especialmente por sus características arquitectónicas. Estos son los Barrios Nuestra Señora del Carmen al Oeste y Belgrano al Sureste en la Segunda Franja Residencial.Desde la década de 1990 y hasta el presente, se han llevado adelante estudios sobre Geografía de la Percepción, que abordan, a través de la encuesta, la imagen que los vecinos de la ciudad tienen sobre diferentes barrios, entre ellos, Nuestra Señora del Carmen y Belgrano.El objetivo del trabajo, es interpretar la percepción de los vecinos de Río Gallegos sobre los barrios de inmigración chilena, Nuestra Señora del Carmen y Belgrano.Los resultados, aportan al estudio sobre “Migración, paisaje urbano y patrimonio cultural: inventario de viviendas de migrantes chilenos en los Barrios Nuestra Señora del Carmen y Belgrano de la ciudad de Río Gallegos”, con el fin de caracterizarlas y clasificarlas para su posible reconocimiento como Patrimonio Cultural de la ciudad de Río Gallegos.

  2. Del Rhin al Suárez o el viaje de Lengerke por los caminos de la Civilización y la “Barbarie”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvaro Neil Franco Zambrano

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito del presente ensayo es abordar la novela “La otra raya del tigre” de Pedro Gómez Valderrama, desde una perspectiva que enfatiza la crisis de la modernidad y la literatura de viajes característica del siglo XIX. De tal manera, que conceptos como modernización económica, ciudad, liberalismo, colonización, feudalismo y civilización, junto con la visión del crítico moderno Néstor García Canclini y la percepción que Carmen Elisa Acosta tiene sobre los viajeros decimonónicos, son de vital importancia para comprender el itinerario del presente texto por la naturaleza exótica de Santander, por los caminos amarillos salidos de las entrañas de Van Gogh, por la fatalidad de las mujeres con alma de escorpión, por la hibridación de las culturas, especialmente la alemana y la santandereana, y por el lenguaje que destaca la tradición oral de los llamados pingos.

  3. Seasonal shift in the effects of predators on juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) energetics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Darren M. Ward; Keith H. Nislow; Carol L. Folt; James Grant

    2011-01-01

    Predator effects on prey populations are determined by the number of prey consumed and effects on the traits of surviving prey. Yet the effects of predators on prey traits are rarely evaluated in field studies. We measured the effects of predators on energetic traits (consumption and growth rates) of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a...

  4. Movements of two strains of radio tagged Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolts through a reservoir

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Aarestrup, Kim; Jepsen, Niels; Rasmusssen, Gorm

    1999-01-01

    Smolt migration through a shallow and turbid hydro-reservoir in a major Danish river system was investigated using radiotelemetry. Hatchery-reared 1+-year-old Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolts of equal size from two different non- native strains were radio-tagged and followed during...

  5. Epithelial Label-Retaining Cells Are Absent during Tooth Cycling in Salmo salar and Polypterus senegalus.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sam Vandenplas

    Full Text Available The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar and African bichir (Polypterus senegalus are both actinopterygian fish species that continuously replace their teeth without the involvement of a successional dental lamina. Instead, they share the presence of a middle dental epithelium: an epithelial tier enclosed by inner and outer dental epithelium. It has been hypothesized that this tier could functionally substitute for a successional dental lamina and might be a potential niche to house epithelial stem cells involved in tooth cycling. Therefore, in this study we performed a BrdU pulse chase experiment on both species to (1 determine the localization and extent of proliferating cells in the dental epithelial layers, (2 describe cell dynamics and (3 investigate if label-retaining cells are present, suggestive for the putative presence of stem cells. Cells proliferate in the middle dental epithelium, outer dental epithelium and cervical loop at the lingual side of the dental organ to form a new tooth germ. Using long chase times, both in S. salar (eight weeks and P. senegalus (eight weeks and twelve weeks, we could not reveal the presence of label-retaining cells in the dental organ. Immunostaining of P. senegalus dental organs for the transcription factor Sox2, often used as a stem cell marker, labelled cells in the zone of outer dental epithelium which grades into the oral epithelium (ODE transition zone and the inner dental epithelium of a successor only. The location of Sox2 distribution does not provide evidence for epithelial stem cells in the dental organ and, more specifically, in the middle dental epithelium. Comparison of S. salar and P. senegalus reveals shared traits in tooth cycling and thus advances our understanding of the developmental mechanism that ensures lifelong replacement.

  6. Consistent melanophore spot patterns allow long-term individual recognition of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stien, L H; Nilsson, J; Bui, S; Fosseidengen, J E; Kristiansen, T S; Øverli, Ø; Folkedal, O

    2017-12-01

    The present study shows that permanent melanophore spot patterns in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar make it possible to use images of the operculum to keep track of individual fish over extended periods of their life history. Post-smolt S. salar (n = 246) were initially photographed at an average mass of 98 g and again 10 months later after rearing in a sea cage, at an average mass of 3088 g. Spots that were present initially remained and were the most overt (largest) 10 months later, while new and less overt spots had developed. Visual recognition of spot size and position showed that fish with at least four initial spots were relatively easy to identify, while identifying fish with less than four spots could be challenging. An automatic image analysis method was developed and shows potential for fast match processing of large numbers of fish. The current findings promote visual recognition of opercular spots as a welfare-friendly alternative to tagging in experiments involving salmonid fishes. © The Authors. Journal of Fish Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

  7. [Knowledge and practices regarding cystic echinococcosis and trichinellosis in users and companions of users of the Hospital Comunitario de Salud Familiar El Carmen, Biobio Region, Chile].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lisboa-Navarro, Raúl; González, Jorge; Junod, Tania; Melín-Coloma, Millaray; Landaeta-Aqueveque, Carlos

    2016-08-01

    We surveyed users of the Hospital Comunitario de Salud Familiar El Carmen and their companions to analyze knowledge and practices regarding cystic echinococcosis and trichinellosis. Most people recognized risky practices. Previous attendance at talks and working in agricultural-livestock enhanced the knowledge. Age, sex and formal education were not associated with the knowledge. Knowledge was not associated with practices.

  8. A free-living amoeba with unusual pattern of mitochondrial structure isolated from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Dyková, Iva; Veverková, Marie; Fiala, Ivan; Macháčková, Blanka

    2002-01-01

    Roč. 41, - (2002), s. 415-419 ISSN 0065-1583 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA6022202 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z6022909 Keywords : free-living amoeba * mitochondrial cristae * Salmo salar Subject RIV: EA - Cell Biology Impact factor: 0.446, year: 2002

  9. Systemic granuloma observed in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar raised to market size in a freshwater recirculation aquaculture system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Systemic granuloma was observed in sampled adult Atlantic salmon Salmo salar raised to harvest size in a freshwater recirculation aquaculture system. The prevalence of this condition was estimated at 10-20% of the population, with affected individuals grossly demonstrating pathology in varying degre...

  10. Photoperiod control of downstream movements of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zydlewski, Gayle B.; Stich, Daniel S.; McCormick, Stephen D.

    2014-01-01

    This study provides the first direct observations that photoperiod controls the initiation of downstream movement in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts. Under simulated natural day length (LDN) conditions and seasonal increases in temperature, smolts increased their downstream movements five-fold for a period of 1 month in late spring. Under the same conditions, parr did not show changes in downstream movement behaviour. When given a shortened day length (10L:14D) beginning in late winter, smolts did not increase the number of downstream movements. An early increase in day length (16L:8D) in late winter resulted in earlier initiation and termination of downstream movements compared to the LDN group. Physiological status and behaviour were related but not completely coincident: gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity increased in all treatments and thyroid hormone was elevated prior to movement in 16L:8D treatment. The most parsimonious model describing downstream movement of smolts included synergistic effects of photoperiod treatment and temperature, indicating that peak movements occurred at colder temperatures in the 16L:8D treatment than in LDN, and temperature did not influence movement of smolts in the 10L:14D treatment. The complicated interactions of photoperiod and temperature are not surprising since many organisms have evolved to rely on correlations among environmental cues and windows of opportunity to time behaviours associated with life-history transitions. These complicated interactions, however, have serious implications for phenological adjustments and persistence ofS. salar populations in response to climate change.

  11. Morphometric differences in two calanoid sibling species, Boeckella gracilipes and B. titicacae (Crustacea, Copepoda Diferencias morfométricas en dos especies hermanas Boeckella gracilipes y Boeckella titicacae (Crustacea, Copepoda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricio De los Ríos Escalante

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Calanoid copepods are abundant in South American inland waters and include widespread species, such as Boeckella gracilipes (Daday, 1902, which occurs from the Ecuador to Tierra del Fuego Island. This species occurs under various environmental conditions, and is found in oligotrophic lakes in Patagonia (39-54°S and in shallow mountain lakes north of 39°S. The aim of the present study is to conduct a morphometric comparison of male specimens of B. titicacae collected in Titicaca and B. gracilipes collected in Riñihue lakes, with a third population of B. gracilipes collected in shallow ponds in Salar de Surire. Titicaca and Riñihue lakes are stable environments, whereas Salar de Surire is an extreme environment. These ponds present an extreme environment due to high exposure to solar radiation and high salinity levels. The results of the study revealed differences among the three populations. These results agree well with systematic descriptions in the literature on differences between the populations of Titicaca and Riñihue lakes, and population of Salar de Surire differs slightly from the other two populations. It is probable that the differences between the population of Salar de Surire and the other two populations result from the extreme environment in Salar de Surire. High exposure to solar radiation, high salinity and extreme variations in temperature enhance genetic variations that are consequently expressed in morphology.Los copépodos calanoideos son abundantes en aguas continentales sudamericanas e incluyen especies de amplia distribución geográfica como Boeckella gracilipes (Daday, 1902 que se encuentra desde Ecuador hasta la isla de Tierra del Fuego. Esta especie vive bajo varias condiciones ambientales, y se encuentra en lagos oligotróficos en la Patagonia (39-54°S y en lagunas superficiales de montaña al norte de los 39°S. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un estudio comparativo morfométrico de machos de B

  12. Sevilla suhtekomöödia vs Sevilla kiredraama / Kristina Kõrver

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kõrver, Kristina, 1979-

    2008-01-01

    Kahest ooperist Soome Rahvusooperis - Gioacchino Rossini "Sevilla habemeajaja", lavastaja Giancarlo del Monaco, dirigent Miguel Gomez-Martinez ja Georges Bizet "Carmen", lavastaja Arnaud Bernard, dirigent Alberto Hold-Garrido

  13. Quantification of vitellogenin in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) plasma by radioimmunoassay

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Idler, D.R.; Hwang, S.J.; Crim, L.W.

    1979-01-01

    An antibody prepared against salmon egg yolk proteins has been used to quantify Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) plasma vitellogenin using radioimmunoassay. A low molecular weight fraction isolated from salmon egg yolk was used for radioiodination and as standard solution because plasma vitellogenin could not be iodinated successfully. Parallelism of the egg yolk standard to displacement given by a fraction isolated from vitellogenic salmon plasma and dilutions of plasma samples allowed the assay to be used to evaluate the state of gonadal development of migrating females several months in advance of spawning and for sexing relatively immature salmon. (author)

  14. Catálogo de tipos de algas depositados en el Herbario Nacional de Plantas Celulares (BA del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Argentina Catalogue of algae types deposited in the National Cryptogamic Herbarium (BA of the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Coradeghini

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available El Herbario Nacional de Plantas Celulares (BA alberga 50.000 especímenes, de los cuales 9.000 son ejemplares de algas marinas y continentales. El catálogo consta de 11 tipos argentinos y 20 tipos del exterior: Australia y Brasil. Cinco de los tipos argentinos fueron depositados por la Lic. Carmen Pujals quién se desempeñó como investigadora de este Museo. El trabajo incluye la lista de nombres ordenados alfabéticamente, sus autores, fecha y cita original seguido por la categoría del tipo, país, provincia, localidad, fecha y datos del colector. De existir una Exsiccata se señalan nombre y número de la misma, número de BA y las observaciones y notas consideradas relevantes. En el caso que corresponde se anota sinonimia y autores.The National Cryptogamic Herbarium (BA contains 50.000 specimens, of which 9.000 are continental and marine algae. The catalogue consists of 11 argentine types and 20 foreign types from Australia and Brazil. Five of the argentine types were deposited by Lic. Carmen Pujals, a former researcher at the Museum. The paper includes the alphabetically ordered list of names, their authors, date and original citation, followed by the type category, country, province, city, date and collector number and original citation. If there is an Exsiccata the name, number, number of BA, observations and relevant notes are reported. When necessary, synonymy and authors are given.

  15. A quantitative history of precipitation and hydrologic variability for the last 45 ka: Lake Titicaca, Salar de Coipasa and Salar de Uyuni, Peru and Bolivia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nunnery, A.; Baker, P. A.; Coe, M. T.; Fritz, S. C.; Rigsby, C. A.

    2011-12-01

    Precipitation on the Bolivian/Peruvian Altiplano is dominantly controlled by the South American summer Monsoon (SASM). Over long timescales moisture transport to the Altiplano by the SASM fluctuates in intensity due to precessional insolation forcing as well as teleconnections to millennial scale abrupt temperature shifts in the North Atlantic. These long-term changes in moisture transport have been observed in multiple paleoclimate and paleo-lake level records as advances and retreats of large lakes in the terminal basin (the Salar de Uyuni). Several previous studies using energy/water balance models have been applied to paleoclimate records in attempts to provide quantitative constraints on past precipitation and temperature (P and T). For example, Blodgett et al. concluded that high paleolake stands, first dated at ca. 16,000 cal. yr BP, required P 20% higher and T 5°C colder than modern. We expand on this work conducting two experiments. The first uses a latitudinal paleohydrologic profile to reconstruct hydrological history. The second uses a terrestrial hydrology model (THMB) to "predict" lake level given changes in P and T. The profile is constructed using records from Lake Titicaca (LT), Salar de Coipasa (SC) and Salar de Uyuni (SU). LT carbonate and diatom records indicate a deep, overflowing lake for much of the last 100 ka with a distinct dry, closed-basin phase in the early to mid Holocene. A continuous sediment core from SC indicates lake level fluctuations between deep and shallow phases for the last 45 ka. A natural gamma radiation log from SU, where large paleolakes alternated with shallow salt pans characteristic of drier and/or warmer periods, shows alternation between wet and dry phases through time. These three records give evidence to the complex nature of Altiplano hydrology, most notably the ability to sustain lakes in the SC basin while exhibiting dry conditions in SU. For the second experiment, THMB, which estimates water balance and

  16. CaRMeN: a tool for analysing and deriving kinetics in the real world.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gossler, H; Maier, L; Angeli, S; Tischer, S; Deutschmann, O

    2018-04-25

    This paper presents the concepts of an open software tool (CaRMeN) that can be used to rapidly analyse and derive models, in particular chemical kinetics. The software automates the workflow of comparing model vs. experiment, which must currently be done manually and is thus a time-consuming and error-prone task. The capabilities of the software are illustrated through a case study. Experimental data for the conversion of methane over rhodium catalysts in a wide range of conditions and experimental setups are numerically simulated using five different mechanisms from the literature. The applicability of the mechanisms as well as differences between flow and diffusion models are evaluated. The results show that no single mechanism reliably predicts the chemical conversions of all of the experiments. Although the software was initially developed for chemical kinetics applications, it can also be extended to run any simulation code, and can therefore be applied in other scenarios.

  17. Efecto de reducir la frecuencia de alimentación en la supervivencia, crecimiento, conversión y conducta alimenticia en juveniles de salmón del Atlántico Salmo salar (Linnaeus, 1758: experiencia a nivel productivo Effect of reducing the feeding frequency on the survival, growth, conversion, and feeding behavior of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (Linnaeus, 1758: an experience at the productive level

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Flores

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available En Chile, la mayoría de las empresas de cultivo de salmones en la fase parr alimentan a los peces con 24 raciones/día; por otra parte, el alimento en el estómago de los peces, puede permanecer cerca de 4 a 5 h. Este trabajo evalúa en base a procedimientos y protocolos productivos, la disminución en la frecuencia de raciones de alimento y su efecto en la supervivencia, crecimiento, conversión y conducta de alimentación de los peces. Se trabajó en condiciones normales de producción comercial, con aproximadamente 1.200.000 peces de 0,17 g durante cuatro meses. Hubo dos tratamientos, el control con 24 raciones/día y el ensayo, que al inicio de la experiencia se entrego 12 raciones/día y al finalizar la experiencia se proporcionó 4 raciones/día. Se emplearon cinco estanques de 18 m³ para cada tratamiento. La disminución en la frecuencia de alimentación, no afectó la supervivencia de Salmo salar, se obtuvo mayor crecimiento en los peces del ensayo, con mejor conversión de alimento, se logró reducción de alimento depositado en el fondo de los estanques y se visualizó mejor apetito en los peces.In Chile, most salmon-farming companies feed fish in the parr phase 24 rations/day. However, food can remain in fish stomachs for around four or five hours. Using productive procedures and protocols, this study evaluates less frequent food rations and how they affect the survival, growth, conversion, and feeding behavior of the fish. The study was conducted over four months under normal commercial production conditions, using approximately 1,200,000 fish of 0.17 g each. There were two treatments: the control, which received 24 rations/day, and the assay, which received 12 rations/day at the onset of the study and 4 rations/day at the end of this. Five tanks, each 18 m³, were used for each treatment. The lower feeding frequency did not affect the survival of Salmo salar. The fish in the assay obtained greater growth and had better food

  18. Sulphated glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in the developing vertebral column of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

    OpenAIRE

    Hannesson, Kirsten O.; Ytteborg, Elisabeth; Takle, Harald; Enersen, Grethe; B?verfjord, Grete; Pedersen, Mona E.

    2015-01-01

    In the present study, the distribution of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the developing vertebral column of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at 700, 900, 1100 and 1400?d? was examined by light microscopy. The mineralization pattern was outlined by Alizarin red S and soft structures by Alcian blue. The temporal and spatial distribution patterns of different types of GAGs: chondroitin-4-sulphate/dermatan sulphate, chondroitin-6-sulphate, chondroitin-0-sulphate and keratan sulphate were add...

  19. The effects of ozonation on select waterborne steroid hormones in recirculation aquaculture systems containing sexually mature Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

    Science.gov (United States)

    A controlled 3-month study was conducted in 6 replicated water recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) containing a mixture of sexually mature and immature Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to determine whether water ozonation is associated with a reduction in waterborne hormones. Post-smolt Atlantic salm...

  20. VIRUS DEL PAPILOMA HUMANO REACCIONES ADVERSAS DE LOS MEDICAMENTOS Y EL PAPEL DE LOS MEDIOS MASIVOS DE COMUNICACIÓN.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martalucía Tamayo Fernández

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available A raíz del reciente fenómeno sucedido en Carmen de Bolívar, mucho se ha especulado sobre lo que allí pueda estar pasando y se ha puesto sobre el tapete un tema tan delicado e importante para la salud pública de nuestro país, como es el uso masivo de vacunas y más aún, de la vacuna del papiloma humano (VPH. Estos hechos y las noticias ciertas o verdaderas que la prensa y la televisión han mostrado, nos llevan a preguntarnos una vez más por la responsabilidad y el papel de los medios masivos de comunicación en estas situaciones de reacciones adversas a medicamentos o a biológicos. Este artículo analiza los aspectos históricos de la noticia, su impacto en la persona que la recibe, la ética del periodismo y la inconveniencia de la presión sobre el comunicador, quien debe responder por el impacto que genere entre la gente que sigue a un determinado medio, lo que influye en sus ganancias.

  1. Evaluation of the hydrogeological interconnection between the Salar de Maricunga and the Piedra Pomez basins, Atacama Region, Chile; An isotope and geochemical approach

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Iriarte, S.; Santibanez, I; Aravena, R

    2001-01-01

    Groundwater is the main water source for the mining industry in the Altiplano of northern Chile. Groundwater also plays a significant role as a water source for lagoons, wetlands and salares, which are important ecosystems for animal life and vegetation communities that exist in this arid region. The rational use and protection of the groundwater resource requires a good understanding of the aquifer systems. One of the key components in the assessment of water resources in Northern Chile, is the hydrogeological interconnection between basins. During the last three years, as part of a major hydrogeological project, Sernageomin has been working in the Altiplano of the Atacama region (Iriarte et al., 1998; Iriarte, 1999; Venegas et al., 2000; Santibanez, in prep.). This study included the evaluation of the geometry and groundwater potential of the aquifers and the chemical characterization of the surface and groundwater. Part of this study has focused on the Salar de Maricunga and the Campo de Piedra Pomez basins, due to an increasing demand for groundwater resources in this area by the mining industry. This paper discusses the use of isotope and geochemical tools that were used to evaluate the hydrogeological interconnection between the Salar de Maricunga and the Piedra Pomez basins. The geological and hydrogeological framework of this work is discussed in detail by Iriarte (1999) (au)

  2. Phosphorus flux due to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in an oligotrophic upland stream: effects of management and demography

    Science.gov (United States)

    Keith H. Nislow; John D. Armstrong; Simon. McKelvey

    2004-01-01

    Little is known concerning the role of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the transport of nutrients to and from river systems. We used demographic data from the River Bran, an oligotrophic river in Scotland, UK, to construct a budget for the transport of phosphorus (P) and applied it to investigate the effects of management strategies and demographic...

  3. Historiando a Montessori: Desde el feminismo y socialismo utópico hacia su compromiso como pionera del holismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chavarría González, María Celina

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: El presente ensayo indaga acerca de las raíces de la educación montessoriana, pionera de concepciones holistas. Como resultado, se evidencia que únicamente puede ser abordada desde un paradigma de la complejidad y del compromiso con el destino de la humanidad. Solo una comprensión más amplia de su teleología, antropología y epistemología, nos proporcionará la perspectiva que permita integrar estas dimensiones. Con una introducción que parte de la primera costarricense en poner en práctica su filosofía, la preclara Carmen Lyra, se aborda la multi-texualidad, complejidad y trasdisciplinareidad de Montessori, así como sus contingencias y su época, indagación necesaria para sopesar su necesidad hoy.Abstract: A search for Montessori’s roots concludes that an authentic Montessori education, pioneer in holistic conceptions, can only be addressed from a paradigm of complexity, a Transdisciplinary perspective, and an attitude of compromise with the destiny of humanity. Only an all-encompassing understanding of her teleology, anthropology, and epistemology will provide a perspective to integrate these dimensions. In relating Montessori’s circumstances and life-experiences, a parallel is made to the challenges faced by the first practicing Montessorian in Costa Rica, Carmen Lyra, educator, writer, activist, and founding-member of the Costa Rican Communist Party. Montessori’s multi-texuality, contingencies and the quotidien are addressed in an effort to outline her relevance today.

  4. The CARMENES Search for Exoplanets around M Dwarfs: A Low-mass Planet in the Temperate Zone of the Nearby K2-18

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sarkis, Paula; Henning, Thomas; Kürster, Martin; Trifonov, Trifon; Zechmeister, Mathias; Tal-Or, Lev; Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Hatzes, Artie P.; Lafarga, Marina; Dreizler, Stefan; Ribas, Ignasi; Caballero, José A.; Reiners, Ansgar; Mallonn, Matthias; Morales, Juan C.; Kaminski, Adrian; Aceituno, Jesús; Amado, Pedro J.; Béjar, Victor J. S.; Hagen, Hans-Jürgen; Jeffers, Sandra; Quirrenbach, Andreas; Launhardt, Ralf; Marvin, Christopher; Montes, David

    2018-06-01

    K2-18 is a nearby M2.5 dwarf, located at 34 pc and hosting a transiting planet that was first discovered by the K2 mission and later confirmed with Spitzer Space Telescope observations. With a radius of ∼2 R ⊕ and an orbital period of ∼33 days, the planet lies in the temperate zone of its host star and receives stellar irradiation similar to that of Earth. Here we perform radial velocity follow-up observations with the visual channel of CARMENES with the goal of determining the mass and density of the planet. We measure a planetary semi-amplitude of K b ∼ 3.5 {{m}} {{{s}}}-1 and a mass of M b ∼ 9 M ⊕, yielding a bulk density around {ρ }b∼ 4 {{g}} {cm}}-3. This indicates a low-mass planet with a composition consistent with a solid core and a volatile-rich envelope. A signal at 9 days was recently reported using radial velocity measurements taken with the HARPS spectrograph. This was interpreted as being due to a second planet. We see a weaker, time- and wavelength-dependent signal in the CARMENES data set and thus favor stellar activity for its origin. K2-18 b joins the growing group of low-mass planets detected in the temperate zone of M dwarfs. The brightness of the host star in the near-infrared makes the system a good target for detailed atmospheric studies with the James Webb Space Telescope.

  5. Una finestra sul passato: Irse de casa di Carmen Martín Gaite

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giulia Tosolini

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Beyond historical and social implications, migration represents the possibility of crossing a threshold and opening oneself up to new empirical and emotional spaces. Amparo, the main character of Carmen Martín Gaite’s Irse de casa (1998, is the perfect personification of the gaitian feminine canon. After leaving Spain and settling in New York, she became a successful fashion designer, and seemed happy and easy-going. The bond with memory and the past is the main topic of this novel, as it is in most of Martín Gaite’s production. The window on the past that Amparo closed moving to the US suddenly reappears when she needs to discover herself and her origins. This inconvenience in an anonymous life brings huge changes that will condition her and her loved ones. Travelling to Spain and interacting with places and people connected with her childhood, Amparo goes through the window she had closed forty years before, restoring the order. The window connects the present and the past, symbolizes the emigrant’s transience, personified in the novel by Amparo, who can definitely find the lost serenity and heart’s-ease.

  6. Late Quaternary Paleoclimatic History of Tropical South America From Drilling Lake Titicaca and the Salar de Uyuni

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baker, P. A.; Fritz, S. C.; Seltzer, G. O.; Rigsby, C. A.; Lowenstein, T. K.; Ku, R.

    2003-12-01

    Seven drill cores were recovered from Lake Titicaca during the NSF/ICDP/DOSECC drilling expedition of 2001. Sub-lake floor drilling depths ranged from 53 to 139 m; water depths ranged from 40 to 232 m; recoveries ranged from 75 to 112 percent. Our most detailed multi-proxy analyses to date have been done on Core 2B raised from the central basin of the lake from 232 m water depth, drilled to 139.26 m sub-lakefloor with 140.61 m of total sediment recovered (101 percent). A basal age of 200 Ka is estimated by linear extrapolation from radiocarbon measurements in the upper 25 m of core; Ar-Ar dating of interbedded ashes and U/Th dating of abiogenic aragonites are underway. The volume and lake level of Lake Titicaca have undergone large changes several times during the late Quaternary. Proxies for these water level changes (each of different fidelity) include the ratio of planktonic-to-benthic diatoms, sedimentary carbonate content, and stable isotopic content of organic carbon. The most recent of these changes, has been described previously from earlier piston cores. In the early and middle Holocene the lake fell below its outlet to 85 m below modern level, lake salinity increased several-fold, and the Salar de Uyuni, which receives overflow from Titicaca, dessicated. In contrast, Lake Titicaca was deep, fresh, and overflowing (southward to the Salar de Uyuni) throughout the last glacial maximum from prior to 25,000 BP to at least 15,000 BP. According to extrapolated ages, the penultimate major lowstand of Lake Titicaca occurred prior to 60,000 BP, when seismic evidence indicates that lake level was about 200 m lower than present. Near the end of this lowstand, the lake also became quite saline. There are at least three, and possibly more, older lowstands, each separated temporally by periods in which the lake freshened dramatically and overflowed. These results will be compared with results from previous drilling in the Salar de Uyuni.

  7. From the viral perspective: infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) transcriptome during the infective process in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Valenzuela-Miranda, Diego; Cabrejos, María Eugenia; Yañez, José Manuel; Gallardo-Escárate, Cristian

    2015-04-01

    The infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is a severe disease that mainly affects the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture industry. Although several transcriptional studies have aimed to understand Salmon-ISAV interaction through the evaluation of host-gene transcription, none of them has focused their attention upon the viral transcriptional dynamics. For this purpose, RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR analyses were conducted in gills, liver and head-kidney of S. salar challenged by cohabitation with ISAV. Results evidence the time and tissue transcript patterns involved in the viral expression and how the transcription levels of ISAV segments are directly linked with the protein abundance found in other virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family. In addition, RT-qPCR result evidenced that quantification of ISAV through amplification of segment 3 would result in a more sensitive approach for detection and quantification of ISAV. This study offers a more comprehensive approach regarding the ISAV infective process and gives novel knowledge for its molecular detection. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. HISTORIANDO A MONTESSORI: DESDE EL FEMINISMO Y SOCIALISMO UTÓPICO HACIA SU COMPROMISO COMO PIONERA DEL HOLISMO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Celina Chavarría González

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente ensayo indaga acerca de las raíces de la educación montessoriana, pionera de concepciones holistas. Como resultado, se evidencia que únicamente puede ser abordada desde un paradigma de la complejidad y del compromiso con el destino de la humanidad. Solo una comprensión más amplia de su teleología, antropología y epistemología, nos proporcionará la perspectiva que permita integrar estas dimensiones. Con una introducción que parte de la primera costarricense en poner en práctica su filosofía, la preclara Carmen Lyra, se aborda la multi-texualidad, complejidad y trasdisciplinareidad de Montessori, así como sus contingencias y su época, indagación necesaria para sopesar su necesidad hoy.

  9. A Polyprotein-Expressing Salmonid Alphavirus Replicon Induces Modest Protection in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar Against Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Azila Abdullah

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Vaccination is an important strategy for the control and prevention of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar in the post-smolt stage in sea-water. In this study, a heterologous gene expression system, based on a replicon construct of salmonid alphavirus (SAV, was used for in vitro and in vivo expression of IPN virus proteins. The large open reading frame of segment A, encoding the polyprotein NH2-pVP2-VP4-VP3-COOH, as well as pVP2, were cloned and expressed by the SAV replicon in Chinook salmon embryo cells (CHSE-214 and epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC cells. The replicon constructs pSAV/polyprotein (pSAV/PP and pSAV/pVP2 were used to immunize Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar by a single intramuscular injection and tested in a subsequent IPN virus (IPNV challenge trial. A low to moderate protection against IPN was observed in fish immunized with the replicon vaccine that encoded the pSAV/PP, while the pSAV/pVP2 construct was not found to induce protection.

  10. Grupo de viviendas Virgen del Carmen, Valencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García-Ordoñez, Fernando M.

    1963-04-01

    Full Text Available This set comprises 614 flats, which have been contained in two distinct types of buildings to avoid monotony: low blocks and tall ones. The heights of the buildings vary, and increase from the centre outwards. The schools of only one level, and also five storey buildings, are situated near the lower boundary of the site. Each space between parallel blocks is limited at one of its ends by a higher building, thus becoming an outdoor resting space, and not merely a thoroughfare. The shops have been located on the most important street which runs round the set of blocks and then runs inwards towards a garden square, which is reached through this commercial zone. The roads for vehicles have been so placed that they do not interfere with the pedestrian pathways. The satisfactory organization of the blocks, volumes and circulation patterns makes this set of apartment blocks one of considerable interest from the urban planning point of view.Comprende 614 viviendas agrupadas, con objeto de huir de la monotonía, en dos tipos de edificios: bloques y torres. Las alturas de los edificios varían, aumentando desde la zona de escuelas (de una planta y parque envolvente, hacia los bordes (bloques o torres de cinco plantas. Cada espacio entre bloques paralelos queda delimitado en uno de sus extremos, por una torre, convirtiéndose así, en recinto exterior de estancia y no simple lugar de paso. Las tiendas se han situado en la más importante arteria circundante y hacia el interior dan a una plaza-parque, a la que se llega, a través de este núcleo comercial. Los accesos rodados se han dispuesto de forma que no interfieran las correspondientes circulaciones de peatones. El acierto conseguido en la organización de bloques, volúmenes y circulaciones, determinan que este conjunto ofrezca un interés desde el punto de vista urbanístico.

  11. Growth evaluation of atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) raised in seawater or freshwater and fed either fishmeal based on marine-free diets

    Science.gov (United States)

    A forty week feeding study was conducted with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in two recirculating aquaculture systems. Twelve salmon (average initial weight 117 g; initial density 9.4 kg/m3) were stocked per tank. Two identical systems were used and contained either freshwater (0 ppt) or sea...

  12. Growth evaluation of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) raised in seawater or freshwater and fed either fishmeal based or marine-free diets

    Science.gov (United States)

    A forty week feeding study was conducted with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in two recirculating aquaculture systems. Two identical systems were used and contained either freshwater (0 ppt) or seawater (about 30 ppt). Fish were fed one of two diets, a control diet containing fishmeal and fi...

  13. Entrevista a Mª Carmen Giménez Morte

    OpenAIRE

    Vernia Carrasco, Ana M.

    2013-01-01

    Profesora del Conservatorio Superior de Danza de Valencia, Mamen, así es conocida entre los que la conocen bien, es Licenciada en Historia del Arte y Doctora en Filosofía. Titulada en Danza Contemporánea y en Danza Clásica. Ha publicado numerosos libros y artículos sobre teoría, análisis, pedagogía e historia de la danza.

  14. Trans-generational maternal effect: temperature influences egg size of the offspring in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jonsson, B; Jonsson, N

    2016-08-01

    Effect of increased temperature during egg maturation on the mass of single eggs produced by the offspring was investigated experimentally in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Mass of eggs produced by next-generation females was larger when their mothers experienced warmer water during the last two months of egg maturation, relative to those that experienced unheated river water. There was no similar trans-generational paternal effect on offspring egg mass. © 2016 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

  15. Identification and molecular docking study of novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from Salmo salar using in silico methods.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, Zhipeng; Chen, Yang; Zhao, Wenzhu; Li, Jianrong; Liu, Jingbo; Chen, Feng

    2018-01-25

    In order to circumvent some challenges of the classical approach, the in silico method has been applied to the discovery of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from food proteins. In this study, some convenient and efficient in silico tools were utilized to identify novel ACE inhibitory peptides from Salmo salar. Collagen from Salmo salar was digested in silico into hundreds of peptides. Results revealed that tetrapeptides PGAR and IGPR showed potent ACE inhibitory activity, with IC 50 values of 0.598 ± 0.12 and 0.43 ± 0.09 mmol L -1 , respectively. The molecular docking result showed that PGAR and IGPR interact with ACE mostly via hydrogen bonds and attractive charge. Peptide IGPR interacts with Zn + at the ACE active site, showing high inhibitory activity. Interaction with Zn + in ACE may lead to higher inhibitory activity of peptides, and Pi interactions may promote the effect of peptides on ACE. The in silico method can be an effective method to predict potent ACE inhibitory peptides from food proteins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

  16. Reconstructing paleo-precipitation amounts using a terrestrial hydrologic model: Lake Titicaca and the Salar de Uyuni, Peru and Bolivia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nunnery, J. A.; Baker, P. A.; Coe, M. T.; Fritz, S. C.

    2010-12-01

    The Peruvian/Bolivian Altiplano has provided many information-rich records bearing on the history of the South American summer monsoon (SASM), a large-scale circulation system that is responsible for much of the precipitation over the Amazon basin and the southern tropics and subtropics. Examples of these paleoclimate time series include long, drill core records from Lake Titicaca (extending back to ca. 400 Ka, Fritz et al., 2007), the long drill core record from Salar de Uyuni (> 250 Ka, Baker et al., 2001; Fritz et al., 2004), paleo-lake level records from the Salar de Uyuni (e.g. Bills et al., 2004; Placzek et al, 2006); drill core records from the Rio Desaguadero valley (Rigsby et al., 2003), and ice core records from Quelccaya, Illimani, and Sajama (Thompson et al., 2000; Ramirez et al., 2003). Several previous studies using energy and water balance models have been applied to these records in attempts to provide quantitative constraints on paleo-temperature and paleo-precipitation (e.g. Kessler, 1984; Hastenrath and Kutzbach, 1985; Cross et al, 2001; Rowe and Dunbar, 2004; Arnold, 2002; Blodgett et al., 1997). For example, Blodgett et al. concluded that high paleolake stands in the Bolivian Altiplano, dated at ca. 16,000 cal. Yr BP (Bills et al., 1994) required precipitation 20% higher than modern at temperatures 5°C colder than modern. However, their model did not take into account the major overflow from Lake Titicaca. Using the THMB hydrologic model, we show that overflow from Lake Titicaca is necessary to produce and sustain large lakes in the Salar de Uyuni basin. This hydrological connection (via the Rio Desaguadero) between the northern and southern Altiplano likely was only established about 60,000 years ago. Prior to that, there were no sustained, large and deep paleolakes on the southern Altiplano. Rather, drill core evidence indicates a very long sequence of shallow, hypersaline lakes and playas.

  17. Aluminum exposure impacts brain plasticity and behavior in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Grassie, C; Braithwaite, V A; Nilsson, J; Nilsen, T O; Teien, H-C; Handeland, S O; Stefansson, S O; Tronci, V; Gorissen, M; Flik, G; Ebbesson, L O E

    2013-08-15

    Aluminum (Al) toxicity occurs frequently in natural aquatic ecosystems as a result of acid deposition and natural weathering processes. Detrimental effects of Al toxicity on aquatic organisms are well known and can have consequences for survival. Fish exposed to Al in low pH waters will experience physiological and neuroendocrine changes that disrupt homeostasis and alter behavior. To investigate the effects of Al exposure on both the brain and behavior, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) kept in water treated with Al (pH 5.7, 0.37±0.04 μmol 1(-1) Al) for 2 weeks were compared with fish kept in under control conditions (pH 6.7, salmon, and may impair the ability to cope with new environments.

  18. Investigación sobre implementación y gobernanza

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Cejudo,, Guillermo M.; May, Peter J.; Sætren, Harald

    2018-01-01

    . Cejudo, María del Carmen Pardo y Mauricio I. Dussauge Laguna (todos de la División de Ad­ministración Pública del CIDE), cerró con un panel sobre “investigación sobre implementación y gobernanza: direcciones y retos para el futuro”. Lo que sigue es una versión editada de esa discusión de clausura....

  19. Control interno y su influencia en los procesos de adquisiciones y contrataciones de la Municipalidad Distrital Carmen de la Legua Reynoso - Callao, período: 2010-2012

    OpenAIRE

    Aquipucho Lupo, Lucy Silvia

    2015-01-01

    La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar y mejorar el sistema de control interno en los procesos de adquisiciones y contrataciones de la Municipalidad Distrital de Carmen de la Legua Reynoso, en el período 2010-2012, así como verificar sus procesos y confiabilidad de acuerdo a sus funciones establecidas en sus instrumentos de gestión cuya finalidad es brindar servicios a la población, asimismo, recomendar a los funcionarios de la municipalidad las acciones correctivas que deben ...

  20. Temperature selection of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as influenced by various toxic substances

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Peterson, R H

    1976-08-01

    Previous exposure to sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP), Guthion, malathion, Dursban, and Dibrom lowered the preferred temperature for juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) tested in a horizontal temperature gradient. Lindane, CuSO/sub 4/, ZnSO/sub 4/, CdSO/sub 4/, Sevin, heptachlor, and fenitrothion did not change the preferred temperature significantly. Comparison with other published results indicates that those substances that increase the preferred temperature are more toxic (based on relevant changes in 24-h LC50) at low temperatures and vice versa. It is suggested that such shifts in selected temperature may be of potential immediate, short-term, survival value to the fish. (auth)

  1. Fillet quality and processing attributes of postsmolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, fed a fishmeal-free diet and a fishmeal-based diet in recirculation aquaculture systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Many studies have evaluated the adequacy of alternate ingredient diets for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, mainly with focus on fish performance and health; however, comprehensive analysis of fillet quality is lacking, particularly for salmon fed these diets in recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS)....

  2. Comparative cardiac pathological changes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) affected with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) and pancreas disease (PD)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Yousaf, Muhammad Naveed; Koppang, Erling Olaf; Skjødt, Karsten

    2013-01-01

    The heart is considered the powerhouse of the cardiovascular system. Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) and pancreas disease (PD) are cardiac diseases of marine farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) which commonly affect the heart in addition to the skeletal...

  3. Testing three common stocking methods: Differences in smolt size, migration rate and timing of two strains of stocked Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Birnie-Gauvin, Kim; Larsen, Martin Hage; Thomassen, Søren T.

    2018-01-01

    The influence of three common stocking practices for two strains (Ätran and Burrishoole) of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, on smolt size, migration probability and migration timing were investigated in situ. Using a common garden experiment, fish from these populations were release...... to inherited factors, and emphasize the importance of considering age of fish and time spent in the hatchery when stocking populations in the wild to maximize smolt output......The influence of three common stocking practices for two strains (Ätran and Burrishoole) of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, on smolt size, migration probability and migration timing were investigated in situ. Using a common garden experiment, fish from these populations were released...... as fry, half-year olds and oneyear olds. Our results indicate that fish released at the fry and half-year stage produce smaller smolts, and migrate later in the year than their counterparts released at one-year of age, for both the Ätran and the Burrishoole populations. While fry had the lowest...

  4. Sensory and chemical changes in farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) during frozen storage

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Refsgaard, Hanne; Brockhoff, P.B.; Jensen, Benny

    1998-01-01

    Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were stored as fillets at -10 and -20 degrees C and whole at -30 degrees C. The most pronounced sensory changes were first recognized by the assessors, when the salmon samples were in the oral cavity, and were significant increases in train oil taste, metal...... during storage. The content of lipid hydroperoxides and free fatty acids also increased during storage, and the changes were fastest in salmon stored at -10 degrees C. A decrease in highly unsaturated fatty acids was observed in salmon stored at -10 and -20 degrees C. Peroxide values and the content...... of free fatty acids were shown by a partial least-squares analysis to be the best of the instrumental data in describing the sensory changes....

  5. Growth and osmoregulation in Salmo salar L. juveniles 1+, 1½ + and 2+ reared under restrained salinity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Fernando Magalhães Gonçalves

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available The freshwater phase of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L vary between one and eight years. The reduction of the freshwater phase is desirable to reduce freshwater usage, human resources and to increase year round availability of pan-sized salmon. Three trials were conducted to investigate the possibility of supply the market in a year-round basis, with pan-sized Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. (250-300 g in Portugal (southern limit of the natural distribution of this species. This study primarily aimed to compare the osmoregulatory ability and growth of different fish sizes, smolts 1+ (trial 1, 1.5+ (trial 2 and 2+ (trial 3, in freshwater and seawater conditions. Additionally, effects of photoperiod were determined in smolts 1.5+ (trial 2 for both freshwater and seawater groups. The increments in the plasma osmolality and chlorine concentrations after seawater transfer suggest an identical development in the hypo-osmoregulation capacity among the different age classes. In all trials, weight gain was smaller after 30 d of saltwater transfer when compared to fish reared in freshwater. However, the growth depression was temporary. Seawater group showed a compensatory growth in the immediate months, which permitted an improvement in growth rates. At the end of trials there were minor differences on growth performance between freshwater and seawater groups. Specific growth rates varied between 0.7 and 1.0 % day-1, according to the age and /or size and transfer season.

  6. Patriachy, indoctrination and education. The therapeutic power of creation in women's literature. Two case studies: Carmen Mart??n Gaite's "The back room" (1978) and Ian McEwan's "Atonnement" (2001)

    OpenAIRE

    Garc??a Lara, Antonia

    2011-01-01

    My dissertation deals with the patriarchal education that indoctrinates women and forces them to be domestic angels and how this education provokes a trauma that they try to heal by creation in the form of writing. I will use two case studies to illustrate my point: Carmen Mart??n Gaite???s C., who is Mart??n Gaite???s alter ego in El Cuarto de Atr??s [The Back Room] (1978), and Briony Tallis, who is a fictional character in Ian McEwan???s Atonement (2001). Briony is actually the one who writ...

  7. Spatial and temporal constraints on regional-scale groundwater flow in the Pampa del Tamarugal Basin, Atacama Desert, Chile

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jayne, Richard S.; Pollyea, Ryan M.; Dodd, Justin P.; Olson, Elizabeth J.; Swanson, Susan K.

    2016-12-01

    Aquifers within the Pampa del Tamarugal Basin (Atacama Desert, northern Chile) are the sole source of water for the coastal city of Iquique and the economically important mining industry. Despite this, the regional groundwater system remains poorly understood. Although it is widely accepted that aquifer recharge originates as precipitation in the Altiplano and Andean Cordillera to the east, there remains debate on whether recharge is driven primarily by near-surface groundwater flow in response to periodic flood events or by basal groundwater flux through deep-seated basin fractures. In addressing this debate, the present study quantifies spatial and temporal variability in regional-scale groundwater flow paths at 20.5°S latitude by combining a two-dimensional model of groundwater and heat flow with field observations and δ18O isotope values in surface water and groundwater. Results suggest that both previously proposed aquifer recharge mechanisms are likely influencing aquifers within the Pampa del Tamarugal Basin; however, each mechanism is operating on different spatial and temporal scales. Storm-driven flood events in the Altiplano readily transmit groundwater to the eastern Pampa del Tamarugal Basin through near-surface groundwater flow on short time scales, e.g., 100-101 years, but these effects are likely isolated to aquifers in the eastern third of the basin. In addition, this study illustrates a physical mechanism for groundwater originating in the eastern highlands to recharge aquifers and salars in the western Pampa del Tamarugal Basin over timescales of 104-105 years.

  8. Las periodistas españolas pintadas por sí mismas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ezama Gil, Ángeles

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available In some of their writings and speeches, five major Spanish journalists, who were also magazine contributors and editors, addressed the status of women journalists between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: Emilia Pardo Bazán, Concepción Gimeno, Carmen de Burgos (Colombine, Isabel Oyarzábal and Carmen Eva Nelken (Magda Donato. All of them agreed on the idea that women have an innate predisposition for the practice of journalism, and that the press is a platform from which to educate other women. Their journalism is inspired by two primary patterns, the nineteenth-century chronicle, which originated in France, and the more modern interview and report approach, originating in the English-speaking world. In the practice of journalism the only limitations for women in Spain seemed to be the role of editor-in-chief of a daily newspaper and the report genre; both of which were controlled by men, while women were assigned to journalistic genres such as the chronicle and the interview, considered to be better suited to them.Cinco grandes periodistas españolas, que fueron colaboradoras, redactoras y directoras de revistas, abordaron en algunos de sus escritos y discursos la definición del status de la mujer periodista entre los siglos XIX y XX: Emilia Pardo Bazán, Concepción Gimeno, Carmen de Burgos (Colombine, Isabel Oyarzábal y Carmen Eva Nelken (Magda Donato. En todas ellas es común la idea de que la mujer posee cualidades innatas para el ejercicio del periodismo, y de que la prensa es una tribuna desde la que educar a sus congéneres del mismo sexo. Su periodismo se nutre de dos modelos primordiales, el decimonónico de la crónica, de origen francés, y los más modernos de la entrevista y el reportaje, de origen anglosajón. En el ejercicio periodístico las únicas limitaciones para las mujeres en España parecen ser la función de directora de periódico diario y el género del reportaje, ambos de sesgo claramente masculino, en tanto

  9. Images in medicine

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ebutamanya

    2015-10-15

    Oct 15, 2015 ... Reexpansion pulmonary edema after drainage of tension pneumothorax. Adriá Rosat1,&, Carmen Díaz1. 1Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Ctra, Del Rosario 145, 38010 Sta, Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. &Corresponding author: Adriá Rosat, Department of ...

  10. Widely-Tunable Parametric Short-Wave Infrared Transmitter for CO2 Trace Detection (POSTPRINT)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-01

    coefficient in nonlinear fiber by distant low-power FWM,” IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting, paper WC1.1, Playa Del Carmen, Mexico (2010... traveling -wave construction (i.e. they are cavity-less), they circumvent all the impairments #140287 - $15.00 USD Received 3 Jan 2011; revised 16 Mar

  11. The effects of long-term 20 mg/L carbon dioxide exposure on the health and performance of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts in water recirculation aquaculture systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Previous research and experience has linked elevated dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) to reduced growth performance, poor feed conversion, and a variety of health issues in farm-raised fish, including Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Supplemental control measures in water recirculation aquaculture systems...

  12. Vaccination improves survival of Baltic salmon ( Salmo salar ) smolts in delayed release sea ranching (net-pen period)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Buchmann, Kurt; Dalsgaard, Inger; Nielsen, Michael Engelbrecht

    1997-01-01

    Baltic salmon (Salmo salar) of the Finnish Iijoki stock were hatched and reared in freshwater in a salmon hatchery on the Danish island of Bornholm in the Baltic sea. Salmon parr were divided in three groups each comprising 22 000 fish. One group was vaccinated by intraperitoneal injection....... In contrast, no increase of titres was seen in the bath vaccinated and untreated groups. Marked cellular reactions in the abdominal cavity of injected fish were registered. A total of 3000 fish have been tagged and released to evaluate the effect of vaccination on the recapture rate. The implications...

  13. Tratamientos diferenciados para sentenciados por delitos sexuales en contra de niñas y niños /

    OpenAIRE

    Flores Díaz, Irma Leticia sustentante.

    2009-01-01

     tesis que para obtener el grado de Doctor en Derecho, presenta Irma Leticia Flores Díaz ; asesor Juan N. Silva Meza, Olga María del Carmen Sánchez Cordero, Luciana Esther Ramos Lira. xv, 579 páginas : ilustraciones. Doctorado en Derecho UNAM, Facultad de Derecho, 2009

  14. Mobility and the Modern Intellectual: Translated Images from Early 20th-Century Literary Works in Spanish by Carmen Lyra and Luisa Luisi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Kanost

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available This essay juxtaposes original translations of contrasting images from the novel En una silla de ruedas [In a Wheelchair] by Costa Rican writer Carmen Lyra and Poemas de la inmovilidad [Poems of Immobility] by Uruguayan writer Luisa Luisi to reveal how representations of intellectuals who are paralyzed might complicate discourses of the artist, social hygiene, and eugenics in early 20th-century Spanish America. Lyra portrays her protagonist's paralysis as a tragedy, but his disability is also the source of social mobility that allows the novel to depict marginalized members of Costa Rican society. Luisi contests modernista aesthetics of perfect forms, countering with a multifaceted exploration of inner space enabled by physical stillness. Through their depictions of hospitals, asylums, and sanitariums, both writers bear witness to bodies the modernizing project would prefer to hide, and imagine alternative forms of progress.

  15. Effects of GnRHa treatment during vitellogenesis on the reproductive physiology of thermally challenged female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kelli Anderson

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Tasmanian Atlantic salmon (S. salar broodstock can experience temperatures above 20 °C, which impairs reproductive development and inhibits ovulation. The present study investigated the prolonged use of gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa during vitellogenesis as a means of maintaining endocrine function and promoting egg quality at elevated temperature in maiden and repeat spawning S. salar. GnRHa-treatment during vitellogenesis did not compensate for the negative effects of thermal challenge on the timing of ovulation, egg size, egg fertility or embryo survival in any fish maintained at 22 °C relative to 14 °C. The lack of effectiveness was reflected by the endocrine data, as plasma follicle stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone levels were not different between treated and untreated groups at 22 °C. Furthermore, plasma testosterone and E2 levels were unchanged in GnRHa-treated fish at 22 °C, and plasma levels were generally lower in both groups maintained at 22 °C relative to 14 °C. Transcription of vitellogenin, and zona pellucida B and C was not enhanced in GnRHa-treated fish relative to untreated fish at 22 °C, presumably due to observed suppression of plasma E2. These results indicate that thermal impairment of reproduction is likely to occur on multiple levels, and is difficult to overcome via hormonal manipulation.

  16. Effect of the californian red worm (Eisenia foetida during the composteo and vermicomposteo in properties of the Experimental Station of the Academic Rural Unit Carmen Pampa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paco Gabriel

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available The objective of the present work was to evaluate the biotransformación of the organic residuals, of kitchen (Rc remains, pulp of coffee (Pc and cardboard (C by means of compostaje methods and vermicompostaje. The investigation was taken I end up in the Experimental Station, module of lombricultura of the Career of Agronomic Engineering of Carmen Pampa Unit Academic Campesina, located in the community of Carmen Pampa of the Municipality of Coroico Department of La Paz, Bolivia. The used design was totally at random with 3 treatments and 3 repetitions, to compare among obtaining methods in quality it used the test of fixed effects and it stops quantity the test "t" of Student. The quantity of initial sustrato studied in compostaje was of 1m3 and 0,02m3 vermicompostaje ending up culminating the investigation in 120 days. The results in decomposition are obtained in smaller time by means of the method vermicompostaje in Pc in advance of three months of 98.33% continued by C and Rc; while in compostaje it was the treatment with Rc of 3 months with 3 weeks with 90.40% of decomposition, continued by Pc and C. In quantity, starting from 1m3 of initial sustrato bigger bioabono was obtained with Pc 271.62 kg, 465.83 kg, Rc 249.71 kg, 446.00 kg and C 212.48 kg, 404.00 kg, in compost and vermicompost respectively. The chemical composition of the bioabonos of Rc, Pc, C in N and P is tipificados like first floor, high K, Ca in low compost and half vermicompost, half Mg, MO under and lightly alkaline pH to neuter in the two obtaining methods.

  17. Quality Index Method (QIM) scheme developed for farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sveinsdóttir, K.; Hyldig, Grethe; Martinsdóttir, E.

    2003-01-01

    The aim of the study was to develop 'Quality Index Method (QIM) scheme for raw, farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and to evaluate the scheme. in a shelf life study. QIM is based on the evaluation of key parameters in the deterioration of seafood's. Demerit points are assigned to selected...... parameters according to their importance and a Quality Index (QI) is established by cumulating the resulting scores. The maximum storage time in ice was determined with Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) of the salmon after cooking and found to be 20-21 days. This was used as a reference to enable...... prediction of the remaining storage time of raw salmon in ice with QIM. The calculated QI evolved linearly with storage time in ice (QI=0.82x (days in ice)+0.18, R-2=0.97). Individual salmon varied in QI within each storage day. However, the multivariate analysis (PLS1) demonstrated that storage time could...

  18. Implementación y control de resultados en Marketing Digital

    OpenAIRE

    Burón López, Laura

    2014-01-01

    Trabajo Fin de Grado leído en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos en el curso académico 2013/2014. Director/a: Carmen Fernández Camacho Análisis de Resultados de las Acciones del Departamento de Marketing Digital en un Periódico Deportivo. Ciencias de la Comunicación I

  19. La producción científica alrededor de la natación, carreras en la región de Sudamérica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Felipe Ramírez González

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Mediante un estudio etnográfico se describe y analiza el proceso para sensibilizar a docentes y estudiantes universitarios en torno a la inclusión de un estudiante con la condición de Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA, en la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Campeche. Participaron el estudiante, docentes y estudiantes del 1er semestre de la licenciatura de Comunicación y Gestión Cultural y del 5to semestre de la Licenciatura en Educación. Se utilizó la entrevista abierta, la observación participante, y un taller donde se abordó los conceptos, fundamentos características y estrategias del TEA. La

  20. Reduced rearing density increases postrelease migration success of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Larsen, Martin Hage; Johnsson, Jörgen I; Näslund, Joacim

    2016-01-01

    during rearing in the hatchery. However, individuals reared at reduced density had less eroded dorsal fins and opercula relative to those from the high-density treatment. In the stream, the downstream migration success was 16% higher for fish reared at reduced density than for conspecifics kept at high-density......The overall aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rearing density on the post-release survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts during seaward migration. Fish were either reared at conventional hatchery density or at one-third of conventional density. Three hundred one-year old...... smolts from each density treatment were individually tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and released 3.2 km upstream of a stationary antenna array in a natural stream. There were no significant differences in length, body mass, or condition between fish from the two density treatments...

  1. Development of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) eggs and alevins under varied temperature regimes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Peterson, R H; Spinney, H C.E.; Sreedharan, A

    1977-01-01

    Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) eggs and alevins were raised under conditions where the temperature was systematically varied either at fertilization, at the eyed egg stage, or at hatching. Mortality was more than 20% in eggs started immediately after fertilization at constant incubation temperatures <4/sup 0/C as compared with 5% or less at temperatures >4/sup 0/C. Alevins that eyed at 8/sup 0/C and higher were progressively smaller the higher the temperature. The optimum temperature from fertilization to eye pigmentation was near 6/sup 0/C. Eyed eggs reared at lower temperatures until hatching were larger than those hatched at higher temperatures. This size differential was maintained until the yolk was completely absorbed at all posthatching temperatures investigated. Sudden decreases in temperature at the eyed egg and hatching stages induced severe edema of the alevin yolk sac, resulting in slower growth and increased mortality.

  2. El diálogo creativo en El cuarto de atrás : La búsqueda de una identidad en la memoria colectiva

    OpenAIRE

    Muñoz Åhlén, Anna-Maria

    2017-01-01

    Esta tesina tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre C. y el interlocutor misterioso en El cuarto de atrás de Carmen Martín Gaite. Intentaremos averiguar qué recuerdos aparecen por medio del diálogo entre los interlocutores. Partiendo de allí, el trabajo enfocará qué recuerdos de infancia aparecen por medio del diálogo y de qué manera han influido en el personaje C. en el tiempo real de la creación de la novela. Como apoyo de interpretar la identidad del personaje nos apoyaremos princip...

  3. Topography of the Flattest Surface on Earth: using ICESAT, GPS, and MISR to Measure Salt Surface Topography on Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Comstock, Robert L.; Bills, Bruce G.

    2004-01-01

    Salt flats are aptly named: they are composed largely of salt, and are maintained as nearly equipotential surfaces via frequent flooding. The salar de Uyuni, on the Altiplano in southwestern Bolivia, is the largest salt flat on Earth, with an area of 9,800 sq km. Except for a few bedrock islands, it has less than 40 cm of relief. The upper-most salt unit averages 5 m thick and contains 50 cu km of nearly pure halite. It includes most of the salt that was in solution in paleolake Minchin, which attained a maximum area of 60,000 sq km and a maximum depth of 150 m, roughly 15 kyr ago. Despite approx. 10 m of differential isostatic rebound since deposition, the salar surface has been actively maintained as an extraordinarily flat and smooth surface by annual flooding during the rainy season. We have used the strong optical absorption properties of water in the visible band to map spatial variations in water depth during a time when the salar was flooded. As water depth increases, the initially pure white surface appears both darker and bluer. We utilized MISR images taken during the interval from April to November 2001. The red and infra-red bands (672 and 867 nm wavelength) were most useful since the water depth is small and the absorption at those wavelengths is quite strong. Nadir pointed MISR images have 275 m spatial resolution. To aid in our evaluation of water depth variations over the saiar surface, we utilized two sources of direct topographic measurements: several ICESAT altimetry tracks cross the area, and a 40x50 km GPS grid was surveyed to calibrate ICESAT. A difficulty in using these data types is that both give salt surface elevations relative to the ellipsoid, whereas the water surface will, in the absence of wind or tidal disturbances, follow an equipotential surface. Geoid height is not known to the required accuracy of a few cm in the central Andes. As a result, before comparing optical absorption from MISR to salt surface topography from GPS or

  4. Salmo salar and Esox lucius full-length cDNA sequences reveal changes in evolutionary pressures on a post-tetraploidization genome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Holt Robert A

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Salmonids are one of the most intensely studied fish, in part due to their economic and environmental importance, and in part due to a recent whole genome duplication in the common ancestor of salmonids. This duplication greatly impacts species diversification, functional specialization, and adaptation. Extensive new genomic resources have recently become available for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, but documentation of allelic versus duplicate reference genes remains a major uncertainty in the complete characterization of its genome and its evolution. Results From existing expressed sequence tag (EST resources and three new full-length cDNA libraries, 9,057 reference quality full-length gene insert clones were identified for Atlantic salmon. A further 1,365 reference full-length clones were annotated from 29,221 northern pike (Esox lucius ESTs. Pairwise dN/dS comparisons within each of 408 sets of duplicated salmon genes using northern pike as a diploid out-group show asymmetric relaxation of selection on salmon duplicates. Conclusions 9,057 full-length reference genes were characterized in S. salar and can be used to identify alleles and gene family members. Comparisons of duplicated genes show that while purifying selection is the predominant force acting on both duplicates, consistent with retention of functionality in both copies, some relaxation of pressure on gene duplicates can be identified. In addition, there is evidence that evolution has acted asymmetrically on paralogs, allowing one of the pair to diverge at a faster rate.

  5. Tissue astaxanthin and canthaxanthin distribution in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Page, G I; Davies, S J

    2006-01-01

    A comparative investigation of tissue carotenoid distribution between rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, was undertaken to identify the relative efficiency of utilization of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Higher apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) (96% in trout vs. 28-31% in salmon; Ptrout vs. 5.5% in salmon; Ptrout. Astaxanthin deposition was higher than canthaxanthin in rainbow trout, while the reverse was true for Atlantic salmon, suggesting species-specificity in carotenoid utilization. The white muscle (95% in trout vs. 93% in salmon) and kidneys (0.5% in trout vs. 0.2% in salmon) represented higher proportions of the total body carotenoid pool in rainbow trout than in Atlantic salmon (Ptrout; Ptrout. Liver catabolism is suspected to be a critical determinant in carotenoid clearance, with higher catabolism expected in Atlantic salmon than in rainbow trout.

  6. Voces y silencios: paradojas de la Virgen

    OpenAIRE

    Solarte, Roberto

    2017-01-01

    El texto enfrenta el fenómeno de la Virgen del Carmen en la experiencia narrada por las comunidades del Magdalena Medio y reconstruye el imaginario religioso de esa celebración para exponer su construcción paradójica, siempre bajo el signo de la violencia. De esta manera, busca la identificación de la experiencia religiosa en toda su ambigüedad, con el fin de delimitar posibilidades de experiencia de fe, comprendida como construcciones de vida por medios no-violentos.

  7. Application of Quality Index Method (QIM) scheme in shelf-life study of farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sveinsdóttir, K.; Martinsdóttir, E.; Hyldig, Grethe

    2002-01-01

    measurements (compression test). Maximum storage time in ice was determined with QDA and fat content by Soxhlet extraction. A high correlation between QIM and storage time in ice was found. Storage time could be predicted with +/- 2 d. TVC increased exponentially with storage and was dominated by H2S......Salmon (Salmo salar) was stored in ice up to 24 d, and changes during storage were observed with sensory evaluation using the Quality Index Method (QIM), and Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA), total viable counts (TVC), hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producing bacteria, and instrumental texture......-producing bacteria after 20 d in ice, which was the maximum storage time. Texture measurements indicated softening of salmon flesh with storage...

  8. Mesquite: A multi-purpose species in two locations of San Luis Potosi, Mexico

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jose Villanueva-Diaz; Augustin Hernandez-Reyna; J. Armando Ramirez-Garcia

    2000-01-01

    The mesquite woodland distributed in approximately 200,000 ha in Llanos de Angostura, and Pozo del Carmen, San Luis Potosi, represents a main source of firewood, construction material, honey, and forage for the rural people that inhabit part of the lowlands of the hydrological region RH26 and RH37. Firewood collection in this region averages 142 m3 /week. Most of this...

  9. Mesa redonda sobre nuevos modelos organizativos en la gestión de proyectos digitales

    OpenAIRE

    Taladriz Mas, Margarita; Magriñá Contreras, Marta; Martín Marichal, Carmen; Cabo Rigol, Mercé; X Workshop Rebiun sobre proyectos digitales. Valencia, 7-8 Octubre de 2010

    2010-01-01

    Mesa redonda dentro del X Workshop Rebiun sobre proyectos digitales, celebrado en Valencia, 7-8 Ocubre de 2010, sobre: Nuevos modelos organizativos en la gestión de proyectos digitales. Moderador: José Manuel Barrueco (UV). Intervienen: Margarita Taladriz Mas(UC3M), Marta Magriñá Contreras (UNIRIOJA), Carmen Martín Marichal (ULPGC) y Mercé Cabo Rigol (UPF).

  10. Morphometric differences in two calanoid sibling species, Boeckella gracilipes and B. titicacae (Crustacea, Copepoda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricio De los Ríos Escalante

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Calanoid copepods are abundant in South American inland waters and include widespread species, such as Boeckella gracilipes (Daday, 1902, which occurs from the Ecuador to Tierra del Fuego Island. This species occurs under various environmental conditions, and is found in oligotrophic lakes in Patagonia (39-54°S and in shallow mountain lakes north of 39°S. The aim of the present study is to conduct a morphometric comparison of male specimens of B. titicacae collected in Titicaca and B. gracilipes collected in Riñihue lakes, with a third population of B. gracilipes collected in shallow ponds in Salar de Surire. Titicaca and Riñihue lakes are stable environments, whereas Salar de Surire is an extreme environment. These ponds present an extreme environment due to high exposure to solar radiation and high salinity levels. The results of the study revealed differences among the three populations. These results agree well with systematic descriptions in the literature on differences between the populations of Titicaca and Riñihue lakes, and population of Salar de Surire differs slightly from the other two populations. It is probable that the differences between the population of Salar de Surire and the other two populations result from the extreme environment in Salar de Surire. High exposure to solar radiation, high salinity and extreme variations in temperature enhance genetic variations that are consequently expressed in morphology.

  11. La narrativa de Carmen Kurtz: compromiso y denuncia de la condición social de la mujer española de posguerra

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Montejo Gurruchaga, Lucía

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available The entrance of women in the narrative, which takes place at the end of the Spanish Civil War, limits itself to the pink subgenus, although very soon the first novels of an increasing number of female writers will appear dealing with other subjects. From the early Fifties onwards they will gradually create a realistic novel that although in a veiled manner, will show the reality of the subdued situation of women in the Spain of General Franco. Carmen Kurtz will start her narrative work in this line and her long career will last until somewhere in the Seventies. Her complaints of the legal, educational, social and economical situation at women, during her public performances as well as through her novels will not pass unaware by censorship; two of her novels were not allowed to be published, many of her paragraphs were to be suppresed and mutilated, and her work was to be very often obstructed. The files of the censorhip of her work that are in the Archivo General de la Administración as well as other related documents show these effects.La incorporación de la mujer a la narrativa, que se produce al término de la Guerra Civil, se circunscribe al subgénero rosa, aunque pronto aparecerán las primeras novelas de un nutrido número de autoras que plantearán otras propuestas. Desde los inicios de la década de los cincuenta irán paulatinamente creando una novela realista que, aunque de forma encubierta, mostrará la realidad sometida de las mujeres en la España franquista. Carmen Kurtz emprenderá su labor narrativa en esta línea y su larga carrera se prolongará hasta bien entrada la década de los setenta. Sus denuncias de la situación legal, educativa, social y económica de las mujeres, tanto en sus manifestaciones públicas como en sus novelas, no pasarán desapercibidas al órgano censor, que le denegará la publicación de dos de ellas, suprimirá y mutilará muchos de sus párrafos y entorpecerá su labor en varias ocasiones. Los

  12. Transcriptome sequencing of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) notochord prior to development of the vertebrae provides clues to regulation of positional fate, chordoblast lineage and mineralisation

    OpenAIRE

    Wang, Shou; Furmanek, Tomasz; Kryvi, Harald; Krossøy, Christel; Totland, Geir Kåre; Grotmol, Sindre; Wargelius, Anna

    2014-01-01

    Background In teleosts such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), segmentation and subsequent mineralisation of the notochord during embryonic stages are essential for normal vertebrae formation. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to segmentation and mineralisation of the notochord are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify genes/pathways acting in gradients over time and along the anterior-posterior axis during notochord segmentation and immediately prior to mineralis...

  13. El uso de biomarcadores en contaminación marina

    OpenAIRE

    Blasco, Julián

    1999-01-01

    7 páginas, 5 figuras. Los capítulos del libro corresponden a las conferencias presentadas por los autore de las mismas en el "III Curso de Patología, Fisiología y Biotoxicología en Acuicultura" dirigido por las Dras. Carmen Sarasquete, CSIC y M. Luisa González de Canales, UCA y celebrado en Puerto Real (Cádiz) en febrero de 1998.

  14. Accelerated recovery of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from effects of crowding by swimming.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Veiseth, Eva; Fjaera, Svein Olav; Bjerkeng, Bjørn; Skjervold, Per Olav

    2006-07-01

    The effects of post-crowding swimming velocity (0, 0.35, and 0.70 m/s) and recovery time (1.5, 6, and 12 h) on physiological recovery and processing quality parameters of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were determined. Atlantic salmon crowded to a density similar to that of a commercial slaughter process (>200 kg/m(3), 40 min) were transferred to a swimming chamber for recovery treatment. Osmolality and concentrations of cortisol, glucose and lactate in blood plasma were used as physiological stress indicators, whereas image analyses of extent and duration of rigor contraction, and fillet gaping were used as measures of processing quality. Crowded salmon had a 5.8-fold higher plasma cortisol concentration than control salmon (Prigor mortis contraction. However, subjecting crowded salmon to active swimming for 6 h before slaughter delayed the onset of rigor mortis contraction from 2.5 to 7.5 h post mortem. The extent of rigor mortis contraction was also affected by crowding and post-stress swimming activity (Prigor mortis contraction, which has a positive technological implication for the salmon processing industry.

  15. Hablando con los descendientes, de Carmen de Burgos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Torres González, Begoña

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Hablando con los descendientes (Talking to descendants is a compendium of interviews made to the descendants of the most outstanding artists –especially– the ones in the Romantic period. It is related to the customs articles and the journalistic report. In this compilation, Colombine is usually capable to see the general facts although she felt overwhelmed by the particular details that’s why so many times she lost her way and quibble and focussed on the mere anecdotes of the stars’ life. She carried out the categorization of the characters and like in Mesonero’s, the ways of living are much more important than the ways of being. Touched by the positivism and the rationalism the author defended the importance of each man’s own vital experience. She had felt fascinated by the material progress in the modern society anyway she seemed to glimpse the need to give this project an alternative lead by the virtue. We find a humanistic idealism of moral codes “hobnobbing” the past tradition as this one is considered a valid option in order to form the new standards in the present time.Hablando con los descendientes es un compendio de entrevistas llevadas a cabo a los descendientes de los más importantes artistas –sobre todo– del período romántico. Se relaciona con el artículo de costumbres y con la crónica periodística. En esta recopilación Colombine sabe ver lo general, pero le abruma lo particular por lo que, en muchas ocasiones, se pierde en la maleza de las nimiedades y anécdotas de las vidas de sus protagonistas. Lleva a cabo una tipificación de sus personajes en la que, como ocurría con Mesonero, cuentan más los modos de vivir, que los modos de ser. Tocada de lleno por el positivismo y el racionalismo, la autora defendió la importancia de la experiencia vital propia de cada hombre. Fascinada por el progreso material de la sociedad moderna, parece vislumbrar, sin embargo, la necesidad de proveer a este proyecto una

  16. Tomografía de resistividad eléctrica aplicada a la caracterización de sitios contaminados en tambos Electrical resistivity tomography applied to the characterization of contaminated sites at dairies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz N Losinno

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available La calidad del agua subterránea en los tambos, utilizada para consumo animal, puede tener incidencia en la calidad de la leche, por lo cual es importante conocer el efecto de los lixiviados sobre el suelo y el agua subterránea. El objetivo fue detectar anomalías de conductividad eléctrica (CE en zona no saturada y saturada por medio de la tomografía de resistividad eléctrica, en sitios potencialmente contaminados en dos tambos, uno en Venado Tuerto y otro en Carmen de Areco y su relación con las propiedades físico-químicas del suelo y agua subterránea. En Carmen de Areco, en un suelo franco limoso con la presencia de un horizonte arcilloso (Bt el sitio más comprometido resultó el corral de encierre cercano a la zona de ordeñe, con anomalía de conductividad eléctrica del 60% en la zona no saturada respecto a sondeos testigos, mientras que la zona de alimentación, que periódicamente se traslada de lote, no se vió afectada. En Venado Tuerto, en un suelo franco arenoso de textura más gruesa, la zona de alimentación, con una anomalía del 84% y con una carga animal prolongada en el tiempo y las inmediaciones de la laguna de efluentes, presentaron un alto contenido de sales. En ambos casos la salinidad estuvo asociada con alto contenido de nitratos, fósforo y sulfatos provenientes de los efluentes ganaderos.Groundwater quality at dairies, used for animal consumption, may have incidence on milk quality, for which it is important to know the effect of wastes lixiviation on soil and groundwater. The aim was to detect anomalies of electrical conductivity at non saturated and saturated zone, by means of electrical resistivity tomography, at potentially contaminated sites at two dairies at Venado Tuerto (Santa Fe Province, Argentina and at Carmen de Areco (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, and its relationship with physico-chemical properties of soil and groundwater. In Carmen de Areco, a silty laomy soil with clay horizon (Bt, the most

  17. A new specific reference gene based on growth hormone gene (GH1) used for detection and relative quantification of Aquadvantage® GM salmon (Salmo salar L.) in food products.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hafsa, Ahmed Ben; Nabi, Nesrine; Zellama, Mohamed Salem; Said, Khaled; Chaouachi, Maher

    2016-01-01

    Genetic transformation of fish is mainly oriented towards the improvement of growth for the benefit of the aquaculture. Actually, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is the species most transformed to achieve growth rates quite large compared to the wild. To anticipate the presence of contaminations with GM salmon in fish markets and the lack of labeling regulations with a mandatory threshold, the proper methods are needed to test the authenticity of the ingredients. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) method was used in this study. Ct values were obtained and validated using 15 processed food containing salmon. The relative and absolute limits of detection were 0.01% and 0.01 ng/μl of genomic DNA, respectively. Results demonstrate that the developed QRT-PCR method is suitable specifically for identification of S. salar in food ingredients based on the salmon growth hormone gene 1 (GH1). The processes used to develop the specific salmon reference gene case study are intended to serve as a model for performing quantification of Aquadvantage® GM salmon on future genetically modified (GM) fish to be commercialized. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Arteriosclerosis in the ventral aorta and epicarditis in the bulbus arteriosus of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dalum, A S; Kristthorsdottir, K H; Griffiths, D J; Bjørklund, K; Poppe, T T

    2017-06-01

    Spontaneous mortality of seemingly healthy, farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) is an increasing problem in Norwegian aquaculture. In this study, we present a morphological study of the previously undescribed syndrome of arteriosclerosis of the ventral aorta and epicarditis of the adjacent bulbus arteriosus found in farmed Atlantic salmon, with wild-captured fish as a control group. Both the ventral aorta and epicardium are vital for correct arterial compliance and vascular resistance in the respiratory capillaries of the gills. We discuss the possible implications of ventral aorta arteriosclerosis and epicarditis for blood vascular health and in particular for the increasing frequency of spontaneous gill bleeding in farmed salmon. As both these conditions primarily occur in farmed salmon, we suggest that they should be considered pathological. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  19. Un Petroglifo con Inscripción en la Comarca de Las Hurdes (Cáceres

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Carmen SEVILLANO SAN JOSÉ

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available El día 20 de octubre del año 1974, un equipo del Seminario de Arqueología de Salamanca, compuesto por: Carmen y Jesús Jordá Pardo, Ramón Grande, M.a Cleofé Rivero, Julián Bécares (a los que agradezco su colaboración por la ayuda prestada al realizar los calcos y fotografías y la firmante de este artículo, realizó un viaje por la comarca de las Hurdes a fin de comprobar la existencia de una posible cueva con pinturas rupestres.

  20. Un Petroglifo con Inscripción en la Comarca de Las Hurdes (Cáceres)

    OpenAIRE

    Sevillano San José, María Carmen

    2009-01-01

    El día 20 de octubre del año 1974, un equipo del Seminario de Arqueología de Salamanca, compuesto por: Carmen y Jesús Jordá Pardo, Ramón Grande, M.a Cleofé Rivero, Julián Bécares (a los que agradezco su colaboración por la ayuda prestada al realizar los calcos y fotografías) y la firmante de este artículo, realizó un viaje por la comarca de las Hurdes a fin de comprobar la existencia de una posible cueva con pinturas rupestres.

  1. Donatella Gagliardi. Urdiendo Ficciones. Beatr

    OpenAIRE

    Trujillo Maza, María Cecilia

    2016-01-01

    Hace algunas décadas la exclusión de la mujer de la cultura impresa en el Siglo de Oro se presentaba como una cuestión irrefutable, tanto en la crítica literaria como en la historiografía del libro y de la lectura. Sin embargo, la merecida atención que este aspecto ha adquirido en los últimos años ha puesto en entredicho las conclusiones de aquellos especialistas que habían negado la participación de la mujer en el panorama literario del Quinientos. Las publicaciones de Mª Carmen Marín Pina, ...

  2. Reseñas y notas

    OpenAIRE

    Equipo de Citius, Altius, Fortius

    2017-01-01

    - Reseñas de: - Dr. Ismael Sanz Arri, Carmen M.ª Pereda Peláez. Historia del deporte de las mujeres españolas durante el periodo de 1939-1975- Circunstancias de la participación en los Juegos Olímpicos de verano- Noticias: -El Centro de Estudios Olímpicos de la UAM estuvo presente por primera vez en la 12th International Sesion for Educators of higger institutes pf physical education de la Academia Olímpica Internacional celebrada en (Grecia) entre el 25 de mayo y el 1 de junio del 2017 -...

  3. Los citocromos P-450. Distribución tisular e inducción xenobiótica de CYP1A en la biota acuática

    OpenAIRE

    Sarasquete, Carmen; Segner, Helmut

    1999-01-01

    11 páginas, 6 figuras, 1 tabla. Los capítulos del libro corresponden a las conferencias presentadas por los autore de las mismas en el "III Curso de Patología, Fisiología y Biotoxicología en Acuicultura" dirigido por las Dras. Carmen Sarasquete, CSIC y M. Luisa González de Canales, UCA y celebrado en Puerto Real (Cádiz) en febrero de 1998.

  4. SEASONAL VARIATION OF Perkinsus marinus IN THE AMERICAN OYSTER Crassostrea virginica FROM THE CARMEN-MACHONA PAJONAL LAGOON SYSTEM IN TABASCO, MEXICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Curiel-Ramírez-Gutiérrez

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available In the Gulf of Mexico, the fishery of the oyster Crassostrea virginica is the main resource for you capture volume (42, 796 t. This resource is affected by the disease of the Dermo, which has been little studied in the Gulf of Mexico. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and grade of infection of Perkinsus marinus in Tabasco. Samples were realized by Fluid Thioglycolate medium (MFT, histopathology and PCR in oysters of six banks in the lagoon system Carmen-Machona-Pajonal, Tabasco. The results of the MFT after incubation, showed hipnosporas of blue-black. The histopathological analysis revealed alterations in the tissues connective and epithelial, as well as the forms characteristic of P. marinus, such as tomontes and trophozoites. The identity of the parasite was confirmed by PCR analysis. The prevalence of P. marinus registered in times of rain, north-wind and dry was 73.3, 90 and 100%; the degree of infection was 2, 3 and 5 on the scale of Mackin, respectively. There is a relationship of the prevalence and intensity of the infection with respect to increased temperature and salinity, where the dry season was most critical.

  5. Cartas y Salones: mujeres que leen y escriben la nación en la Sudamérica del siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sarah C. Chambers

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Este ensayo se basa en la correspondencia de tres destacadas mujeres de principios del siglo diecinueve en la Sudamérica española (Manuela Sáenz, Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson y Carmen Arriagada para analizar sus ideas sobre la identidad nacional y el lugar de la mujer en las nuevas repúblicas. Sus cartas revelan que las redes de amistad influenciaron en su diverso grado de nacionalismo y les permitieron defender que las mujeres podían jugar un papel importante en la reconciliación nacional durante el periodo de lucha civil. Propongo que la nueva concepción de las naciones como “comunidades imaginadas” (Anderson, 1983 se enraíce en las interacciones sociales de estas -más pequeñas pero más tangibles- comunidades de escritores, conversadores y conspiradores políticos. Excluidas de la función pública, y por tanto inhabilitadas para seguir sus ambiciones personales, estas tres mujeres afirmaron que ponían la unidad nacional por encima de la política partidista. Aunque dicho argumento hacía imposible exigir los derechos de plena ciudadanía para las mujeres, fueron más allá del restrictivo rol de esposa y madre desprendida, que se estaba convirtiendo progresivamente en la idea oficial, para hacer de consejeras y mediadoras en el espacio político.

  6. Evaluation of the carboniferous resources of the sectors El Jupal, El Carmen y Guayabal. Zone Chinavita, Umbita, Tibana, Department of Boyaca; Evaluacion de los recursos carboniferos de los sectores, El Jupal, El Carmen y Guayabal. Zona Chinavita, Umbita, Tibana, Departamento de Boyaca

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mejia, Luis Jorge; Pulido Gonzalez, Orlando

    1985-01-01

    The area of the sub-project Chinavita-Umbita-Tibana, located in the Southwest part of the Department of Boyaca was object of a geologic exploration with the purpose of evaluating its carboniferous resources. It was defined an stratigraphic interval of 250 m denominated, middle member from the Guaduas Formation of Maestrichtian to Paleocene age; in which they were determined until 9 coal layers, that were recognized total or partially in 7 chosen sectors during the exploration stage. In them it was made the quantification of the resources and the determination of the physical-chemical characteristics of the coal. The results of 4 of these denominated, El Arenal, Quina, Chiguata and Sisa sectors, they were presented in previous reports. In this report the 3 remaining, denominated El Jupal, El Carmen and Guayabal sectors are studied. The certain coal is bituminous high volatile, capable for thermal use and their importance are in the use that can be given inside the plan of national electrification, of the future amplifications of the thermoelectric of Paipa or Zipaquira. Keeping in mind that resources of the order of 148 million tons were calculated with a power heating average of 6.000 kcal/kg. It is possible to planning a new thermoelectric in this area that could serve as energy source in the critical times of the hydroelectric of Chivor.

  7. A new species of Acanthobothrium (Eucestoda: Onchobothriidae in Aetobatus cf. narinari (Myliobatidae from Campeche, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erick Rodríguez-Ibarra

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract The helminthological examination of nine individuals of Aetobatus cf. narinari (spotted eagle ray; raya pinta; arraia pintada revealed the presence of an undescribed species of cestode of the genus Acanthobothrium. The stingrays were collected from four locations in México: Laguna Términos, south of Isla del Carmen and the marine waters north of Isla del Carmen and Champotón, in the State of Campeche, and Isla Holbox, State of Quintana Roo. The new species, nominated Acanthobothrium marquesi, is a category 3 species (i.e, the strobila is long, has more than 50 proglottids, the numerous testicles greater than 80, and has asymmetrically-lobed ovaries; at the present, the only category 3 species that has been reported in the Western Atlantic Ocean is Acanthobothrium tortum. Acanthobothrium marquesi n. sp. can be distinguished from A. tortum by length (26.1 cm vs. 10.6 cm, greater number of proglottids (1,549 vs. 656, a larger scolex (707 µm long by 872 µm wide vs. 699 µm long by 665 µm wide, larger bothridia (626 µm long by 274 µm wide vs. 563 µm long by 238 µm wide. This is the first report of a species of Acanthobothrium from the Mexican coast of the Gulf México.

  8. A new species of Acanthobothrium (Eucestoda: Onchobothriidae) in Aetobatus cf. narinari (Myliobatidae) from Campeche, México.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodríguez-Ibarra, Erick; Pulido-Flores, Griselda; Violante-González, Juan; Monks, Scott

    2018-01-01

    The helminthological examination of nine individuals of Aetobatus cf. narinari (spotted eagle ray; raya pinta; arraia pintada) revealed the presence of an undescribed species of cestode of the genus Acanthobothrium. The stingrays were collected from four locations in México: Laguna Términos, south of Isla del Carmen and the marine waters north of Isla del Carmen and Champotón, in the State of Campeche, and Isla Holbox, State of Quintana Roo. The new species, nominated Acanthobothrium marquesi, is a category 3 species (i.e, the strobila is long, has more than 50 proglottids, the numerous testicles greater than 80, and has asymmetrically-lobed ovaries); at the present, the only category 3 species that has been reported in the Western Atlantic Ocean is Acanthobothrium tortum. Acanthobothrium marquesi n. sp. can be distinguished from A. tortum by length (26.1 cm vs. 10.6 cm), greater number of proglottids (1,549 vs. 656), a larger scolex (707 µm long by 872 µm wide vs. 699 µm long by 665 µm wide), larger bothridia (626 µm long by 274 µm wide vs. 563 µm long by 238 µm wide). This is the first report of a species of Acanthobothrium from the Mexican coast of the Gulf México.

  9. Facies volcánicas del depósito de avalancha de detritos del volcán Tata Sabaya, Andes Centrales Volcanic facies of the debris avalanche deposit of Tata Sabaya Volcano, Central Andes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benigno Godoy

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Las avalanchas de detritos, asociadas a colapsos parciales de edificios volcánicos, son fenómenos comunes en la evolución de un volcán. Este tipo de flujos son por inestabilidades, que pueden deberse a factores tales como la existencia de zonas afectadas por alteración hidrotermal, cambios climáticos, terremotos, intrusión de magmas en zonas superficiales (criptodomos y/o diques y/o movimiento de fallas bajo el edificio volcánico o cercanas a él. El producto final de estos flujos -denominado depósito de avalancha de detritos (DAD- presenta morfologías típicas de cerrillos y drenajes cerrados. En los Andes Centrales se han reconocido, al menos, 14 centros volcánicos con depósitos de avalancha asociados, entre los que está el volcán Tata Sabaya (Bolivia. El colapso que ha dado origen a este depósito podría haberse generado por una combinación de actividad sísmica y magmática en el volcán. El depósito asociado al colapso parcial de este volcán se distribuye sobre la parte baja del flanco sur del volcán y sobre la parte noroccidental de la cuenca del salar de Coipasa. Cubre una superficie de más de 230 km² y tiene un volumen estimado de 6±1 km³. Sobre la base de las composiciones litológicas, se ha establecido que el depósito está constituido por 6 tipos distintos de cerrillos, los cuales son: lávicos, piroclásticos, sedimentarios mixtos, brecha piroclástica y andesítico-basálticos. Considerando el tipo predominante de cerrillos y su distribución espacial dentro del depósito, se ha definido 6 facies diferentes (Facies de Bloques Toreva, Facies de Cerrillos Volcánicos, Facies Central, Facies de Cerrillos Sedimentarios, Facies Mixta y Facies de Cerrillos de Brecha Piroclástica. Tomando en cuenta la distribución espacial de estas facies, se propone la estructura del paleovolcán previa a su colapso parcial.Debris avalanches associated with partial sector collapse of volcanic edifices are common phenomena in the

  10. The effect of Cu (II) on the electro-olfactogram (EOG) of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) in artificial freshwater of varying inorganic carbon concentrations

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Winberg, S; Bjerselius, R; Baatrup, E

    1993-01-01

    The effect of inorganic copper species was studied by recording the receptor potential, electro-olfactogram (EOG), from the olfactory epithelium of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). In a series of experiments, the olfactory organ was irrigated with aqueous copper solutions with concentrations...... of the free cupric ion (Cu2+) ranging from 0.2 to 9.7 microM. The diverse copper species were created by varying the amount of bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in artificial freshwater solutions of equal total copper concentrations. In general, these copper solutions induced a slow depolarization of the baseline followed...

  11. Identification of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by using polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carrera, E; García, T; Céspedes, A; González, I; Sanz, B; Hernández, P E; Martín, R

    1998-04-01

    Restriction site analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from a conserved region of the cytochrome b gene has been used for the identification of fresh and smoked samples of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Digestion of the 359-bp PCR product with the endonucleases EcoRV and TaqI yielded specific banding patterns for salmon and trout. This genetic marker can be very useful for detecting fraudulent substitution of the cheaper smoked trout for the more expensive smoked salmon.

  12. Supplementing a commercial diet for atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) with arginine, glutamate or tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA). impact on production efficiency, slaughter parameters and flesh quality

    OpenAIRE

    Rahnama, Behzad

    2010-01-01

    The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of supplementing a commercial diets with 1.5% L-arginine, 1.5% L-glutamate or 0.25% tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) on feed intake, feed utilization and growth parameters of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during the critical periods after sea transfer with regard to seawater adaptation and onwards, from April to September. In the case of TTA, fish were fed until they reached a weight gain of 0.2% of the initial body weight, thereafte...

  13. Genetic variation in threshold reaction norms for alternative reproductive tactics in male Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Piché, Jacinthe; Hutchings, Jeffrey A; Blanchard, Wade

    2008-07-07

    Alternative reproductive tactics may be a product of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, such that discontinuous variation in life history depends on both the genotype and the environment. Phenotypes that fall below a genetically determined threshold adopt one tactic, while those exceeding the threshold adopt the alternative tactic. We report evidence of genetic variability in maturation thresholds for male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that mature either as large (more than 1 kg) anadromous males or as small (10-150 g) parr. Using a common-garden experimental protocol, we find that the growth rate at which the sneaker parr phenotype is expressed differs among pure- and mixed-population crosses. Maturation thresholds of hybrids were intermediate to those of pure crosses, consistent with the hypothesis that the life-history switch points are heritable. Our work provides evidence, for a vertebrate, that thresholds for alternative reproductive tactics differ genetically among populations and can be modelled as discontinuous reaction norms for age and size at maturity.

  14. Effects of passive integrated transponder tags on survival and growth of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Larsen, Martin Hage; Thorn, Aske N.; Skov, Christian

    2013-01-01

    Background: A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the potential impacts of surgically implanted 23 and 32 mm passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags on survival, growth, and body condition of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Rate of tag retention and healing of the tagging incision...... were also evaluated. Atlantic salmon of three different size classes (I: 80 to 99 mm fork length (FL), II: 100 to 119 mm FL, III: 120 to 135 mm FL) were allocated to each of five experimental treatment groups: control, sham-operated (surgery without PIT-tag implantation), 23 mm PIT-tag implantation...... with and without suture closure of the incision, and 32 mm PIT-tag implantation without suture closure. Results: Over the 35-day experiment, mortality occurred only among fish tagged with 32 mm PIT tags (14%) and all fish larger than 103 mm FL survived. Non-sutured Atlantic salmon between 80 and 99 mm FL implanted...

  15. Microbial Activity Response to Solar Radiation across Contrasting Environmental Conditions in Salar de Huasco, Northern Chilean Altiplano.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hernández, Klaudia L; Yannicelli, Beatriz; Olsen, Lasse M; Dorador, Cristina; Menschel, Eduardo J; Molina, Verónica; Remonsellez, Francisco; Hengst, Martha B; Jeffrey, Wade H

    2016-01-01

    In high altitude environments, extreme levels of solar radiation and important differences of ionic concentrations over narrow spatial scales may modulate microbial activity. In Salar de Huasco, a high-altitude wetland in the Andean mountains, the high diversity of microbial communities has been characterized and associated with strong environmental variability. Communities that differed in light history and environmental conditions, such as nutrient concentrations and salinity from different spatial locations, were assessed for bacterial secondary production (BSP, 3 H-leucine incorporation) response from short-term exposures to solar radiation. We sampled during austral spring seven stations categorized as: (a) source stations, with recently emerged groundwater (no-previous solar exposure); (b) stream running water stations; (c) stations connected to source waters but far downstream from source points; and (d) isolated ponds disconnected from ground sources or streams with a longer isolation and solar exposure history. Very high values of 0.25 μE m -2 s -1 , 72 W m -2 and 12 W m -2 were measured for PAR, UVA, and UVB incident solar radiation, respectively. The environmental factors measured formed two groups of stations reflected by principal component analyses (near to groundwater sources and isolated systems) where isolated ponds had the highest BSP and microbial abundance (35 microalgae taxa, picoeukaryotes, nanoflagellates, and bacteria) plus higher salinities and PO 4 3- concentrations. BSP short-term response (4 h) to solar radiation was measured by 3 H-leucine incorporation under four different solar conditions: full sun, no UVB, PAR, and dark. Microbial communities established in waters with the longest surface exposure (e.g., isolated ponds) had the lowest BSP response to solar radiation treatments, and thus were likely best adapted to solar radiation exposure contrary to ground source waters. These results support our light history (solar exposure

  16. Eupsophus calcaratus (Anura, Leptodactilydae: ampliación de su distribución geográfica y hábitats en Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Úbeda, Carmen A.

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available Argentina, Provincia de Chubut, Departamento de Futaleufú: 1 Parque Nacional Los Alerces, margen NE del Lago Menéndez, proximidad desembocadura Arroyo Zanjón Hondo, (42°42' S, 71°41' O, 520 m snm, 14/febrero/1997. Un ejemplar macho adulto, colector: Carmen A. MACN 37034. 2 Parque Nacional Los Alerces, Arroyo Torrecillas, Lago Menéndez, 18/enero/1972. Colector: Monaglio. MACN 29946. 3 Parque Nacional Los Alerces, Lago Futalaufquen, 25/abril/1969. Colector: Foerster. CENAI 7163. 4 Parque Nacional Los Alerces, margen norte del Lago 1 [actualmente parte del Lago Amutui Quimei], (43°01' S, 71°46' O, 1-2/1971. Colectores: Monadio, Garrido y Bianchini. MACN 29723/28.

  17. Effects of TLR agonists and viral infection on cytokine and TLR expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arnemo, Marianne; Kavaliauskis, Arturas; Gjøen, Tor

    2014-10-01

    The development of efficient and cheap vaccines against several aquatic viruses is necessary for a sustainable fish farming industry. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands have already been used as good adjuvants in human vaccines. With more understanding of TLR expression, function, and ligand specificity in fish, more efficient adjuvants for fish viral vaccines can be developed. In this paper, we examine all known TLRs in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and demonstrate that head kidney and spleen are the main organs expressing TLRs in salmon. We also show that adherent head kidney leucocytes from salmon are able to respond to many of the known agonists for human TLRs, and that viral infection can induce up-regulation of several TLRs. These findings substantiate these receptors' role in immune responses to pathogens in salmonids making their ligands attractive as vaccine adjuvant candidates. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Los enemigos del alma y los amigos del corazón: crónica de un exilio en femenino

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Corral

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available The main aim of these lines is to rescue from oblivion the voice and the writing of Carmen Laforet. She won the Nadal Prize in 1944, and since then silence and forgetfulness have covered her life and her work until our days. However, she is alive and we can know some details of her chosen exile through the reading of her correspondence with Ramón J. Sender from 1965 until 1975. In these letters, we find literary suggestions, philosophical thoughts and everyday incidents expressed with the sincerity of a genuine friendship. Two exiles, one of them feminine, and two passions: memory and literature.

  19. Early enrichment effects on brain development in hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): no evidence for a critical period

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Näslund, Joacim; Aarestrup, Kim; Thomassen, Søren T.

    2012-01-01

    was released into nature and recaptured at smoltification. These stream-reared smolts developed smaller brains than the hatchery reared smolts, irrespective of initial enrichment treatment. These novel findings do not support the hypothesis that there is a critical early period determining the brain growth...... trajectory. In contrast, our results indicate that brain growth is plastic in relation to environment. In addition, we show allometric growth in brain substructures over juvenile development, which suggests that comparisons between groups of different body size should be made with caution. These results can......In hatcheries, fish are normally reared in barren environments, which have been reported to affect their phenotypic development compared with wild conspecifics. In this study, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) alevins were reared in conventional barren hatchery trays or in either of two types...

  20. Ichthyobodo salmonis sp. n. (Ichthyobodonidae, Kinetoplastida), an euryhaline ectoparasite infecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

    Science.gov (United States)

    ISAKSEN, TROND E.; KARLSBAKK, EGIL; WATANABE, KUNINORI; NYLUND, ARE

    2011-01-01

    SUMMARY Phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA sequences have previously revealed the existence of 2 Ichthyobodo species able to infect Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Ichthyobodo necator sensu stricto (s.s.) is assumed to be a freshwater parasite, while a genetically distinct but undescribed species, Ichthyobodo sp. II sensu Todal et al. (2004) have been detected on Atlantic salmon in both fresh- and seawater. In the present study a morphological description of Ichthyobodo sp. II from the gills of salmon reared in fresh-, brackish- and seawater is presented, using both light- and electron microscopy. Comparative morphometry show that Ichthyobodo sp. II from both freshwater and seawater displays a different cell shape, and is significantly smaller than I. necator s.s. Also, ultrastructural characteristics distinguish these two species, notably differences in the attachment region and the presence of spine-like surface projections in Ichthyobodo sp. II. Based on both unique SSU rDNA sequences and morphological characteristics, we conclude that Ichthyobodo sp. II. represents a novel species for which we propose the name Ichthyobodo salmonis sp. n. PMID:21756424

  1. Kass ja poisid kinnisvaraäris / Inno Tähismaa

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Tähismaa, Inno, 1970-

    2004-01-01

    Supermodell Carmen Kass arendab koos kolme koolivennaga kinnisvaraäri Eestis, Lätis ja Leedus. Diagrammid: OÜ Kvaliteetvara majandusnäitajad; Portfelli jaotus. Lisad: Carmen Kassi tähelend; Carmen Kassi ärid Eestis

  2. HIDROGEOLOGIA E HIDROGEOQUIMICA DE LA CUENCA DE LA QUEBRADA PAIPOTE, REGION DE ATACAMA

    OpenAIRE

    LORCA UGALDE, MARIA ELIANA DEL PILAR

    2011-01-01

    Hipótesis de Trabajo Las aguas de la cuenca de la quebrada Paipote tienen un origen meteórico y es posible que existan aportes de flujo subterráneo desde la cuenca del Salar de Maricunga. Objetivo General Generar un modelo hidrogeológico conceptual sobre la base del comportamiento hidráulico de las rocas y sedimentos, la calidad química de las aguas y a el balance hídrico de la cuenca de la quebrada Paipote. Objetivos Específicos Los objetivos específicos de este estudio son...

  3. Influence of fluoride on aluminum toxicity to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamilton, Steven J.; Haines, Terry A.

    1995-01-01

    Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) alevins were exposed to various aluminum (0–4700 μg/L) and four fluoride (0–500 μg/L) concentrations at two pH values (5.5 and 6.5) for 4- and 30-d periods. In the 4-d tests, aluminum with fluoride was less toxic at pH 6.5 than at pH 5.5, whereas without fluoride, pH had no effect. In the 30-d test, mortality in all treatments was 17–21% at pH 5.5, but only 3–7% at pH 6.5. Fish length and weight after 30 d were reduced in all fluoride–aluminum treatments at pH 5.5, but only in the 200-μg/L aluminum without fluoride treatment at pH 6.5. At pH 5.5 and 6.5 without aluminum, histomorphological examinations revealed no abnormalities in gill tissue. However, in aluminum exposure with no fluoride, gill filaments and secondary lamellae were swollen and thickened. Addition of fluoride at pH 6.5 alleviated some gill damage. At pH 5.5 and 200 μg/L aluminum, addition of 100 μg/L fluoride reduced swelling of gill lamellae, but 200 μg/L fluoride did not reduce swelling. Low fluoride concentrations (fluoride concentrations (> 100 μg/L) may not reduce aluminum-induced effects.

  4. A Paleomagnetic Investigation of Large-Scale Vertical Axis Rotations in Coastal Sonora: Evidence for Transtensional Proto-Gulf Deformation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Herman, S. W.; Gans, P. B.

    2006-12-01

    A paleomagnetic investigation into possible vertical axis rotations has been conducted in the Sierra el Aguaje and Sierra Tinajas del Carmen, Sonora, Mexico, in order assess proposed styles for oblique continental rifting in the Gulf of California. Two styles of rifting have been proposed; (1) strain partitioning (Stock and Hodges, 89), and (2) transtension (Gans, 97), for the Proto-Gulf period of the Gulf of California. The presence of large- scale vertical axis rotations would lend weight to the argument for transtension. The Sierra el Aguaje and Sierra Tinajas del Carmen are located in southwestern coastal Sonora, Mexico. The ranges represent the eastern-rifted margin of the central Gulf of California. This is one of the few areas of that margin which is entirely above water, with new ocean crust of the Guaymas basin lying immediately offshore of the western edge of the ranges. The ranges are composed of volcanic units and their corresponding volcaniclastic units that are the result of persistent magmatic activity between 20 and 8.8 Ma, including three packages of basalt and andesite that make excellent paleomagnetic recorders. Based on cross cutting relations and geochronologic data for pre-, syn-, and post-tectonic volcanic units, most of the faulting and tilting in the Sierra El Aguaje and Sierra Tinajas del Carmen is bracketed between 11.9 and 9.0 Ma, thus falling entirely within Proto-Gulf time. Existing field relations suggest the presence of large (>45°) vertical axis rotations in this region. This evidence includes: a) abrupt changes in the strike of tilted strata in different parts of the range b) ubiquitous NE-SW striking faults with left lateral-normal oblique slip, that terminate against major NW-trending right lateral faults, and c) obliquity between the general strike of tilted strata and the strike of faults. The results of the paleomagnetic investigation are consistent with the field evidence and show large clockwise rotations between ~30° and

  5. Beta-cell function is associated with metabolic syndrome in Mexican subjects

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez-Fuentes,

    2010-01-01

    Blanca G Baez-Duarte1,3, María Del Carmen Sánchez-Guillén3†, Ricardo Pérez-Fuentes2,3, Irma Zamora-Ginez1,3, Bertha Alicia Leon-Chavez1, Cristina Revilla-Monsalve4, Sergio Islas-Andrade41Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México; 2Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México; 3Centro de Investigaci...

  6. Dietary linoleic acid elevates endogenous 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and mice, and induces weight gain and inflammation in mice

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Alvheim, Anita R.; Torstensen, Bente E.; Lin, Yu Hong

    2013-01-01

    , arachidonic acid (AA), decreased EPA and DHA, elevated the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA), and increased TAG accumulation in the salmon liver. In mice, the SO salmon diet increased LA and AA and decreased EPA and DHA in the liver and erythrocyte phospholipids, and elevated......Dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA) has increased dramatically during the twentieth century and is associated with a greater prevalence of obesity. Vegetable oils are recognised as suitable alternatives to fish oil (FO) in feed for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) but introduce high amounts of LA......-inflammatory properties of EPA and DHA in mice....

  7. Biological variation of lipid constituents and distribution of tocopherols and astaxanthin in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Refsgaard, Hanne; Brockhoff, Per B; Jensen, Benny

    1998-01-01

    The contents of fat, astaxanthin, and tocogherols and the fatty acid composition of a homogeneous group of 145 farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were determined. The analytical variation of the data was stastistically-separated from the biological variation. The fat content in the muscle near...... the head was 15.0% with a biological standard deviation of 3.0%. The astaxanthin concentration was 5.5 mg/kg of muscle with a biological standard deviation of 1.1 mg/kg of muscle, and the canthaxanthin concentration was 200 mu g/kg of muscle with a standard deviation of 47 mu g/kg of muscle....... The concentrations of alpha-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols were approximately 32, 2.9, and 0.4 mg/kg of muscle, respectively, and the biological standard deviations were 4.5, 0.4, and 0.07 mg/kg (14, 14, and 20%), respectively. in another group of five salmon the distributions throughout the fillet were determined...

  8. Ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi modifies the lactate response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vargas-Chacoff, L; Muñoz, J L P; Hawes, C; Oyarzún, R; Pontigo, J P; Saravia, J; González, M P; Mardones, O; Labbé, B S; Morera, F J; Bertrán, C; Pino, J; Wadsworth, S; Yáñez, A

    2017-08-30

    Although Caligus rogercresseyi negatively impacts Chilean salmon farming, the metabolic effects of infection by this sea louse have never been completely characterized. Therefore, this study analyzed lactate responses in the plasma, as well as the liver/muscle lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and gene expression, in Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus kisutch infested by C. rogercresseyi. The lactate responses of Atlantic and Coho salmon were modified by the ectoparasite. Both salmon species showed increasing in plasma levels, whereas enzymatic activity increased in the muscle but decreased in the liver. Gene expression was overexpressed in both Coho salmon tissues but only in the liver for Atlantic salmon. These results suggest that salmonids need more energy to adapt to infection, resulting in increased gene expression, plasma levels, and enzyme activity in the muscles. The responses differed between both salmon species and over the course of infection, suggesting potential species-specific responses to sea-lice infection. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. Recovery of Boron and Separation of Lithium from Uyuni Salar Brine using 2, 2, 4-Trimethyl -1, 3-Pentanediol (TPD)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kumar, Jyothi Rajesh; Kim, Chul-Joo; Yoon, Ho-Sung; Lee, Jin-Young; Kang, Dong-Jun

    2015-01-01

    In the present study, extraction and separation possibilities have been established for boron and lithium from Uyuni salar brine. Diols were shown to be effective extraction reagents for boron. The present scientific study was developed with 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol (TPD) as an extractant system. For fixing the diluent system, various diluents were tested and it was found that chloroform is a better diluent for boron extraction. Further, experimental studies on the extraction equilibrium time, pH influence, and phase ratio effects on boron extraction were conducted and the conditions for boron recovery and lithium separation were optimized. The McCabe Thiele diagram was established to optimize the number of extraction stages for boron extraction. Finally, stripping studies of boron from the loaded organic phase using various salts were performed.

  10. Madrid en el siglo XXI. Transformaciones y retos de su realidad social. La Realidad Social de Madrid Vol. II

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mª del Pilar Gomiz Pascual

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Madrid en el siglo XXI. Transformaciones y retos de su realidad social  es el título elegido por la Asociación Madrileña de Sociología (AMS para el segundo volumen de lo que pretende ser una trilogía sobre la Realidad Social de Madrid. Tras el éxito del trabajo realizado con el primer volumen, Antonio Lucas Marín, Carmen Cortés Beltrán y Dolores Cáceres Zapatero, vuelven a coordinar un proyecto excelente donde se da un paso más al esfuerzo comenzado con la edición anterior por dar a conocer aspectos nuevos de la estructura social del Madrid del siglo XXI, aportando enfoques y matices que quedaron sin analizar entonces. 

  11. Seroprevalence of antibodies against the excreted antigen superoxide dismutase by Trypanosoma cruzi in dogs from the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico).

    Science.gov (United States)

    López-Cespedes, A; Longoni, S S; Sauri-Arceo, C H; Rodríguez-Vivas, R I; Villegas, N; Escobedo-Ortegón, J; Barrera-Pérez, M A; Sánchez-Moreno, M; Bolio González, M E; Marín, C

    2013-06-01

    Numerous studies have shown the role of dogs as a reservoir for the American trypanosomiasis, as the bridge connecting sylvatic and peridomestic cycles. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of American trypanosomiasis in the dog population (630 sera) from seven localities in the Yucatan Peninsula (city of Mérida and the towns of Molas, Playa del Carmen, Akumal, Xcalacoop, Xcalac and Xahuachol). These data are key for developing control measures for the disease. The sera were analysed to detect antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi, using Fe-SOD excreted as the antigenic fraction by ELISA and Western blot as confirmation. The total prevalence found in the Yucatan Peninsula was some 14.76%, with 10.74% in the state of Yucatan (city of Mérida, towns of Molas and Xcalacoop) and 21.34% in the state of Quintana Roo (towns of Playa del Carmen, Akumal, Xcalac and Xahuachol). However, a more thorough epidemiological study of the dog population, both wild and urban, in the Yucatan Peninsula will be required to design a control strategy for these diseases, paying particular attention to the population affected and even broadening the study to other Mexican states as well as neighbouring countries. These results again confirm that iron-superoxide dismutase excreted by T. cruzi constitutes a good source of antigen for serodiagnosis in epidemiological studies. © 2012 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  12. Evaluation of the carboniferous resources of the sectors El Jupal, El Carmen y Guayabal. Zone Chinavita, Umbita, Tibana, Department of Boyaca

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mejia, Luis Jorge; Pulido Gonzalez, Orlando

    1985-01-01

    The area of the sub-project Chinavita-Umbita-Tibana, located in the Southwest part of the Department of Boyaca was object of a geologic exploration with the purpose of evaluating its carboniferous resources. It was defined an stratigraphic interval of 250 m denominated, middle member from the Guaduas Formation of Maestrichtian to Paleocene age; in which they were determined until 9 coal layers, that were recognized total or partially in 7 chosen sectors during the exploration stage. In them it was made the quantification of the resources and the determination of the physical-chemical characteristics of the coal. The results of 4 of these denominated, El Arenal, Quina, Chiguata and Sisa sectors, they were presented in previous reports. In this report the 3 remaining, denominated El Jupal, El Carmen and Guayabal sectors are studied. The certain coal is bituminous high volatile, capable for thermal use and their importance are in the use that can be given inside the plan of national electrification, of the future amplifications of the thermoelectric of Paipa or Zipaquira. Keeping in mind that resources of the order of 148 million tons were calculated with a power heating average of 6.000 kcal/kg. It is possible to planning a new thermoelectric in this area that could serve as energy source in the critical times of the hydroelectric of Chivor

  13. SEMBLANZA DEL PROFESOR EDMUNDO RICO "1897 - 1967"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso Agusti Pastor

    1981-10-01

    Full Text Available

    Finalizaba el año de 1925 cuando un jurado, reunido en los viejos claustros de Santa Inés, otorgaba a EDMUNDO RICO el grado de Doctor en Medicina y Cirugía. Ese jurado examinador integrado por los profesionales más destacados de la época y presidido por el Profesor José María Lombana Barreneche, estaba constituido por los profesores Carios Esguerra, Roberto Franco, Luis Felipe Calderón y Juan N. Corpas, siendo Secretario de la Facultad el entonces muy joven médico José del Carmen Acosta. Es de anotar que los hombres mencionados llenan todo un periodo médico en 10 que va corrido del presente siglo.

    La tesis del graduado versaba sobre la patogenia y tratamiento de la rabia y en ella exhibía ya el novel galeno su estilo inconfundible, por ser tan personal; esa tesis todavía tiene actualidad y en ella se describe, como en una novela de suspenso, la carrera a muerte que se entabla a través del sistema nervioso, entre el virus de la hidrofobia y las antitoxinas
    correspondientes, siendo la meta de la carrera los centros nerviosos superiores. No es de extrañar que ya Rico exhibiera veteranía en su amena prosa, si siendo estudiante había escrito numerosas siluetas sobre varios profesores y había colaborado ocasionalmente en la prensa periódica.
    Estaba en vigencia en aquéllos tiempos la antigua y gallarda usanza de respetar, acatar y estimar a los profesores de la Facultad. Y en verdad que Rico siempre fue fiel a tal postulado de elemental hidalguía, a pesar de ser un hombre esencialmente irreverente. Eran los tiempos en que a la muerte del Profesor Rivas, su cadáver fue transportado en hombros por sus alumnos reprobados.
    Regían por entonces los principios de la medicina francesa, a la sazón a la cabeza de la ciencia universal, y por tanto Rico fue a perfeccionar sus estudios a la antigua Lutecia. Alli al comienzo siguió cursillos de cirugía, abandonándolos prestamente para dedicarse a las ciencias psicol

  14. The Skin-Mucus Microbial Community of Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Minniti, Giusi; Hagen, Live Heldal; Porcellato, Davide; Jørgensen, Sven Martin; Pope, Phillip B.; Vaaje-Kolstad, Gustav

    2017-01-01

    The skin of the teleost is a flexible and scaled structure that protects the fish toward the external environment. The outermost surface of the skin is coated with mucus, which is believed to be colonized by a diverse bacterial community (commensal and/or opportunistic). Little is known about such communities and their role in fish welfare. In aquaculture, fish seem to be more susceptible to pathogens compared to wild fish. Indeed common fish farming practices may play important roles in promoting their vulnerability, possibly by causing changes to their microbiomes. In the present study, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was employed to analyze the composition of the farmed Salmo salar skin-mucus microbiome before and after netting and transfer. The composition of the bacterial community present in the rearing water was also investigated in order to evaluate its correlation with the community present on the fish skin. Our results reveal variability of the skin-mucus microbiome among the biological replicates before fish handling. On the contrary, after fish handling, the skin-mucus community exhibited structural similarity among the biological replicates and significant changes were observed in the bacterial composition compared to the fish analyzed prior to netting and transfer. Limited correlation was revealed between the skin-mucus microbiome and the bacterial community present in the rearing water. Finally, analysis of skin-mucus bacterial biomasses indicated low abundance for some samples, highlighting the need of caution when interpreting community data due to the possible contamination of water-residing bacteria. PMID:29104567

  15. The Skin-Mucus Microbial Community of Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giusi Minniti

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available The skin of the teleost is a flexible and scaled structure that protects the fish toward the external environment. The outermost surface of the skin is coated with mucus, which is believed to be colonized by a diverse bacterial community (commensal and/or opportunistic. Little is known about such communities and their role in fish welfare. In aquaculture, fish seem to be more susceptible to pathogens compared to wild fish. Indeed common fish farming practices may play important roles in promoting their vulnerability, possibly by causing changes to their microbiomes. In the present study, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was employed to analyze the composition of the farmed Salmo salar skin-mucus microbiome before and after netting and transfer. The composition of the bacterial community present in the rearing water was also investigated in order to evaluate its correlation with the community present on the fish skin. Our results reveal variability of the skin-mucus microbiome among the biological replicates before fish handling. On the contrary, after fish handling, the skin-mucus community exhibited structural similarity among the biological replicates and significant changes were observed in the bacterial composition compared to the fish analyzed prior to netting and transfer. Limited correlation was revealed between the skin-mucus microbiome and the bacterial community present in the rearing water. Finally, analysis of skin-mucus bacterial biomasses indicated low abundance for some samples, highlighting the need of caution when interpreting community data due to the possible contamination of water-residing bacteria.

  16. La pasión según Satanás

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angela María Pérez

    1987-01-01

    Full Text Available El dos de enero de 1987 Riosucio se despertó con olor a cilantro en la plaza de mercado. Doña Lorenza amasaba arepas y batía chocolate desde las ocho de la mañana para los que iban llegando. La última veladora puesta la víspera por la noche a la Virgen del Carmen dejaba caer su pabilo y de uno en uno se fueron instalando los puestos y abriendo los costales.

  17. 10th February 2011-Ambassador Permanent Representative of the Republic of Ecuador to the United Nations H.E. Mr Mauricio Montalvo visiting CMS cavern with Head of International Relations F. Pauss

    CERN Multimedia

    Maximilien Brice

    2011-01-01

    Photo 1,9-50:the delegation visiting the CMS cavern Photo 2-8:visiting CMS Control room Photo 51:V. Aguilar,First Secretary-G. Tonelli,CMS Collaboration Spokesperson-M. Montalvo-L. Sulak,CMS Collaboration-M. del Carmen Vivar,Third Secretary-N. Mora,Personal Assistant of Ambassador-B. Jones,Information Technology Department, EU Projects-L. Vayas,Counsellor-F. Pauss-J. Carlos Sánchez,First Secretary-J. Salicio,Adviser for Ecuador Photo 52-59:M.Montalvo signing the Guest Book with F. Pauss

  18. Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tacchi Luca

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Aquaculture of piscivorous fish is in continual expansion resulting in a global requirement to reduce the dependence on wild caught fish for generation of fishmeal and fish oil. Plant proteins represent a suitable protein alternative to fish meal and are increasingly being used in fish feed. In this study, we examined the transcriptional response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar to a high marine protein (MP or low fishmeal, higher plant protein replacement diet (PP, formulated to the same nutritional specification within previously determined acceptable maximum levels of individual plant feed materials. Results After 77 days of feeding the fish in both groups doubled in weight, however neither growth performance, feed efficiency, condition factor nor organ indices were significantly different. Assessment of histopathological changes in the heart, intestine or liver did not reveal any negative effects of the PP diet. Transcriptomic analysis was performed in mid intestine, liver and skeletal muscle, using an Atlantic salmon oligonucleotide microarray (Salar_2, Agilent 4x44K. The dietary comparison revealed large alteration in gene expression in all the tissues studied between fish on the two diets. Gene ontology analysis showed, in the mid intestine of fish fed PP, higher expression of genes involved in enteritis, protein and energy metabolism, mitochondrial activity/kinases and transport, and a lower expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis compared to fish fed MP. The liver of fish fed PP showed a lower expression of immune response genes but a higher expression of cell proliferation and apoptosis processes that may lead to cell reorganization in this tissue. The skeletal muscle of fish fed PP vs MP was characterized by a suppression of processes including immune response, energy and protein metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis which may reflect a more energy efficient tissue. Conclusions The PP

  19. Spatiotemporal dynamics of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Greenland fishery inferred from mixed-stock analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gauthier-Ouellet, M.; Dionne, M.; Caron, F.; King, T.L.; Bernatchez, L.

    2009-01-01

    Mixed-stock fisheries refer to the exploitation of admixed fish stocks coming from different origins. We identified the North American origin of 2835 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Greenland mixed-stock fishery during 11 years (1995-2006) at three localities using 13 microsatellites. The study included 52 baseline populations representing nine genetically distinct regional groups. The contribution of each group ranged from increasing contribution for Labrador (+14.9%) was observed during the time course of the study. The estimated regional contribution to the Greenland fishery was significantly correlated to the number of multi-sea-winter salmon regionally produced in 2002 (r = 0.79) and 2004 (r = 0.92). No difference in contribution was found between the three Greenland sampling localities. Ungava and Southern Qu??bec regions showed the highest mortality estimates caused by the fishery, ranging from 12.10% to 18.08%, for both years tested. No regional group was overrepresented in landings compared with their respective productivity. Yet, management precautions should still be taken as the fishery strongly selects large females, which could have evolutionary impacts on populations over the long term.

  20. Structural and functional studies of STAT1 from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thim Hanna L

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Type I and type II interferons (IFNs exert their effects mainly through the JAK/STAT pathway, which is presently best described in mammals. STAT1 is involved in signaling pathways induced by both types of IFNs. It has a domain-like structure including an amino-terminus that stabilizes interaction between STAT dimers in a promoter-binding situation, a coiled coil domain facilitating interactions to other proteins, a central DNA-binding domain, a SH2 domain responsible for dimerization of phosphorylated STATs and conserved phosphorylation sites within the carboxy terminus. The latter is also the transcriptional activation domain. Results A salmon (Salmo salar STAT1 homologue, named ssSTAT1a, has been identified and was shown to be ubiquitously expressed in various cells and tissues. The ssSTAT1a had a domain-like structure with functional motifs that are similar to higher vertebrates. Endogenous STAT1 was shown to be phosphorylated at tyrosine residues both in salmon leukocytes and in TO cells treated with recombinant type I and type II IFNs. Also ectopically expressed ssSTAT1 was phosphorylated in salmon cells upon in vitro stimulation by the IFNs, confirming that the cloned gene was recognized by upstream tyrosine kinases. Treatment with IFNs led to nuclear translocation of STAT1 within one hour. The ability of salmon STAT1 to dimerize was also shown. Conclusions The structural and functional properties of salmon STAT1 resemble the properties of mammalian STAT1.

  1. Lipid peroxidation analysis in salmon (Salmo salar L.) processed by e-beam

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thomaz, Fernanda S.; Trindade, Reginaldo A.; Fanaro, Gustavo B.; Araujo, Michel M.; Villavicencio, Ana Lucia C.H.; Mancini-Filho, Jorge

    2007-01-01

    In Brazil the consumption of fish is relatively small when compared with other source of meat protein. However the diets rich in fish have association with a wide range of positive health effects, due your great deal the fat acids omega 3, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). Salmon (Salmo salar L.) specifically have those fat acids in main quantity. The omega 3 fat acids are related to the prevention of several not transmissible illness; with emphasis to cardiovascular, hypertriglyceridemia, cancer, osteoporosis and inflammatory and anti immune diseases. Food borne illnesses have been a growing concern to the governments, producers and consumers, mainly regarding the damages they cause to human health. In this context, irradiation is used as a method to preserve food. The present work aim to evaluate the lipid peroxidation in natura salmon filet irradiated on the basis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Samples were irradiated in an e beam accelerator (Radiation Dynamics Co. model JOB, New York, USA), 1,5 MeV-25mA at doses of 0, 1.0 and 2.0 kGy, analyzed 7, 15, 21, 30 e 45 days after irradiation. Irradiated samples analyzed during a 45 day period, showed a higher lipid peroxidation than the control samples at the same period, increasing with dose and storage time. However, it did not pass the permitted value. Irradiation demonstrated effective without compromising the quality of the food. (author)

  2. Lipid peroxidation analysis in salmon (Salmo salar L.) processed by e-beam

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Thomaz, Fernanda S.; Trindade, Reginaldo A.; Fanaro, Gustavo B.; Araujo, Michel M.; Villavicencio, Ana Lucia C.H. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: villavic@ipen.br; Mancini-Filho, Jorge [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas]. E-mail: jmancini@usp.br

    2007-07-01

    In Brazil the consumption of fish is relatively small when compared with other source of meat protein. However the diets rich in fish have association with a wide range of positive health effects, due your great deal the fat acids omega 3, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). Salmon (Salmo salar L.) specifically have those fat acids in main quantity. The omega 3 fat acids are related to the prevention of several not transmissible illness; with emphasis to cardiovascular, hypertriglyceridemia, cancer, osteoporosis and inflammatory and anti immune diseases. Food borne illnesses have been a growing concern to the governments, producers and consumers, mainly regarding the damages they cause to human health. In this context, irradiation is used as a method to preserve food. The present work aim to evaluate the lipid peroxidation in natura salmon filet irradiated on the basis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Samples were irradiated in an e beam accelerator (Radiation Dynamics Co. model JOB, New York, USA), 1,5 MeV-25mA at doses of 0, 1.0 and 2.0 kGy, analyzed 7, 15, 21, 30 e 45 days after irradiation. Irradiated samples analyzed during a 45 day period, showed a higher lipid peroxidation than the control samples at the same period, increasing with dose and storage time. However, it did not pass the permitted value. Irradiation demonstrated effective without compromising the quality of the food. (author)

  3. Study of the quality characteristics in cold-smoked salmon (Salmo salar) originating from pre- or post-rigor raw material.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Birkeland, S; Akse, L

    2010-01-01

    Improved slaughtering procedures in the salmon industry have caused a delayed onset of rigor mortis and, thus, a potential for pre-rigor secondary processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rigor status at time of processing on quality traits color, texture, sensory, microbiological, in injection salted, and cold-smoked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Injection of pre-rigor fillets caused a significant (Prigor processed fillets; however, post-rigor (1477 ± 38 g) fillets had a significant (P>0.05) higher fracturability than pre-rigor fillets (1369 ± 71 g). Pre-rigor fillets were significantly (Prigor fillets (37.8 ± 0.8) and had significantly lower (Prigor processed fillets. This study showed that similar quality characteristics can be obtained in cold-smoked products processed either pre- or post-rigor when using suitable injection salting protocols and smoking techniques. © 2010 Institute of Food Technologists®

  4. Differential metabolite levels in response to spawning-induced inappetence in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cipriano, Rocco C; Smith, McKenzie L; Vermeersch, Kathleen A; Dove, Alistair D M; Styczynski, Mark P

    2015-03-01

    Atlantic salmon Salmo salar undergo months-long inappetence during spawning, but it is not known whether this inappetence is a pathological state or one for which the fish are adapted. Recent work has shown that inappetent whale sharks can exhibit circulating metabolite profiles similar to ketosis known to occur in humans during starvation. In this work, metabolite profiling was used to explore differences in analyte profiles between a cohort of inappetent spawning run Atlantic salmon and captively reared animals that were fed up to and through the time of sampling. The two classes of animals were easily distinguished by their metabolite profiles. The sea-run fish had elevated ɷ-9 fatty acids relative to the domestic feeding animals, while other fatty acid concentrations were reduced. Sugar alcohols were generally elevated in inappetent animals, suggesting potentially novel metabolic responses or pathways in fish that feature these compounds. Compounds expected to indicate a pathological catabolic state were not more abundant in the sea-run fish, suggesting that the animals, while inappetent, were not stressed in an unnatural way. These findings demonstrate the power of discovery-based metabolomics for exploring biochemistry in poorly understood animal models. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Guía de buenas prácticas para la gestión de escapes en la acuicultura marina. Vol II. Mitigación

    OpenAIRE

    Izquierdo-Gomez, David; Fernandez-Jover, Damian; Sanchez-Jerez, Pablo; Toledo-Guedes, Kilian; Arechavala-Lopez, Pablo; Forcada, Aitor; Valle-Pérez, Carlos

    2014-01-01

    Desde que el cultivo a gran escala de salmón (Salmo salar) en mar abierto comenzó́ en Noruega en el último tercio del siglo pasado, los escapes siempre han supuesto uno de los mayores problemas, tanto para las empresas como para el ecosistema marino. Siendo, en todos los casos, las pérdidas por escapes uno de los principales desafíos en el proceso de producción. Desde un punto de vista medioambiental, una vez que los peces escapan de las jaulas se convierten en un elemento más del ecosistema ...

  6. Evaluation of feed and feeding regime on growth performance, flesh quality and fecal viscosity of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) in recirculating aquaculture systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Guoxiang; Liu, Ying; Li, Yong; Li, Xian; Wang, Shunkui

    2015-10-01

    The effects of different feeds and feeding regimes on growth performance, flesh quality and fecal viscosity of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) were investigated. Fish (initial body weight of 1677 g ± 157 g) were fed with four commercial feeds (Nosan salmon-NS, Aller gold-AG, Skretting salmon-SS and Han ye-HY) in two feeding regimes (80% and 100% satiation) for 78 d. The results showed that salmon specific growth ratio (SGR) and weight gain ratio (WGR) were significantly affected by feed type and feeding regime ( P vitamin E, hydroxyproline (HYP), liquid loss and muscle pH among all groups showed significant differences ( P important quality attributes of Atlantic salmon.

  7. Síntesis de tesis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurel, María del Carmen

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Síntesis de las siguientes tesis: Laboratorio virtual, una alternativa para mejorar la enseñanza de física y química en los primeros años de la carrera de ingeniería en sistemas de información de la FRRE-UTN de María del Carmen Maurel. La formación de competencias digitales de estudiantes de profesorados universitarios: la estrategia de e-actividades en un modelo de aula extendida de María Teresa Oltolina Giordano.

  8. Short- and long-term effects of dietary l-tryptophan supplementation on the neuroendocrine stress response in seawater-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Basic, D.; Krogdahl, T.; Scholden, J.

    2013-01-01

    . Basal plasma cortisol levels were lower among non-stressed fish at 1 and 10. days post dietary Trp supplementation. By comparison, stressed fish displayed stimulatory post-stress plasma cortisol responses at 1 and 2. days after the Trp regimen was terminated. However, a reversed pattern was observed...... as well as habituation to seawater involves the neuroendocrine stress response, suggesting that such environmental factors may modulate the stress-reducing effects of Trp. To date, studies that have investigated the neuroendocrine effects of dietary Trp have only been conducted in rainbow trout...... (. Oncorhynchus mykiss), a salmonid species, under conditions featuring social isolation in the freshwater environment. Here, we address the effects of dietary Trp on post-stress plasma cortisol and hypothalamic monoamines in seawater-adapted Atlantic salmon (. Salmo salar), reared at densities relevant...

  9. Peces del Noroeste del Ecuador

    OpenAIRE

    Barriga, Ramiro

    1994-01-01

    La ictiofauna del occidente del Ecuador es poco conocida. Los peces del noroccidente son diferentes a los del suroccidente del Ecuador. 34 familias y 82 especies fueron colectadas que equivale al 11 % de las especies de peces continentales registradas en el Ecuador. Icteogeográficamente se sabe que la costa ecuatoriana posee dos provincias: la del Pacifico Norte y la del Guayas, se determinó que el límite de las dos provincias es el río Santiago ya que las especies del mencionado río so...

  10. Políticas públicas sobre patrimonio colonial y contexto hispano -indígena en el cono sur americano (Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Aylén Enrique

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo estudiamos los modos en que el Estado argentino, en sus distintos niveles jurisdiccionales, conceptualiza y gestiona el patrimonio vinculado con el contexto fronterizo colonial pampeano- -patagónico. Nos centramos en dos fortines que fueron sitios de relevancia para españoles, hispanocriollos e indígenas a fines del siglo XVIII: la Guardia de Luján, próxima al río Salado, y el Fuerte del Carmen, sobre el río Negro. Consultamos las políticas públicas y las planificaciones culturales, territoriales y turísticas de la región, teniendo como guía orientativa normativas legales de diversas escalas y recomendaciones internacionales en la materia. Planteamos la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de gestión del patrimonio pampeano -patagónico que permitan reconocer la continuidad histórica del paisaje y elaborar planificaciones integrales que articulen las políticas patrimoniales y las territoriales.

  11. Thermal and oxidative stability of Atlantic salmon oil (Salmo salar L. and complexation with β-cyclodextrin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel I. Hădărugă

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available The thermal and oxidative stability of Atlantic salmon oil (Salmo salar L. as well as its β-cyclodextrin (β-CD complexation ability has been verified for the first time. The main omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, were significantly degraded, even at 50 °C. Their relative concentrations decrease from 6.1% for EPA and 4.1% for DHA to 1.7% and 1.5% after degradation at 150 °C, respectively. On the other hand, the relative concentrations of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids remained constant or slightly increased by a few percent after degradation (e.g., from 10.7% to 12.9% for palmitic acid. Co-crystallization of ASO with β-CD at a host–guest ratio of 1:1 and 3:1 from an ethanol–water mixture and kneading methods has been used for the preparation of β-CD/ASO complexes. The analysis of the complexes by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, and Karl Fischer titration (KFT as well as the decrease of the “strongly-retained” water content confirm the formation of the inclusion compound. Furthermore, the DSC parameters correlate well with the KFT kinetic data for β-CD/ASO complexes.

  12. Intestinal microbiota of healthy and unhealthy Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in a recirculating aquaculture system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Chun; Sun, Guoxiang; Li, Shuangshuang; Li, Xian; Liu, Ying

    2018-03-01

    The present study sampled the intestinal content of healthy and unhealthy Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.), the ambient water of unhealthy fish, and the biofilter material in the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) to understand differences in the intestinal microbiota. The V4-V5 regions of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes in the samples were analyzed by MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The fish were adults with no differences in body length or weight. Representative members of the intestinal microbiota were identified. The intestinal microbiota of the healthy fish included Proteobacteria (44.33%), Actinobacteria (17.89%), Bacteroidetes (15.25%), and Firmicutes (9.11%), among which the families Micrococcaceae and Oxalobacteraceae and genera Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, Pedobacter, Janthinobacterium, Burkholderia, and Balneimonas were most abundant. Proteobacteria (70.46%), Bacteroidetes (7.59%), and Firmicutes (7.55%) dominated the microbiota of unhealthy fish, and Chloroflexi (2.71%), and Aliivibrio and Vibrio as well as genera in the family Aeromonadaceae were most strongly represented. Overall, the intestinal hindgut microbiota differed between healthy and unhealthy fish. This study offers a useful tool for monitoring the health status of fish and for screening the utility of probiotics by studying the intestinal microbiota.

  13. Sulphated glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in the developing vertebral column of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hannesson, Kirsten O; Ytteborg, Elisabeth; Takle, Harald; Enersen, Grethe; Bæverfjord, Grete; Pedersen, Mona E

    2015-08-01

    In the present study, the distribution of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the developing vertebral column of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at 700, 900, 1100 and 1400 d° was examined by light microscopy. The mineralization pattern was outlined by Alizarin red S and soft structures by Alcian blue. The temporal and spatial distribution patterns of different types of GAGs: chondroitin-4-sulphate/dermatan sulphate, chondroitin-6-sulphate, chondroitin-0-sulphate and keratan sulphate were addressed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against the different GAGs. The specific pattern obtained with the different antibodies suggests a unique role of the different GAG types in pattern formation and mineralization. In addition, the distribution of the different GAG types in normal and malformed vertebral columns from 15 g salmon was compared. A changed expression pattern of GAGs was found in the malformed vertebrae, indicating the involvement of these molecules during the pathogenesis. The molecular size of proteoglycans (PGs) in the vertebrae carrying GAGs was analysed with western blotting, and mRNA transcription of the PGs aggrecan, decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican by real-time qPCR. Our study reveals the importance of GAGs in development of vertebral column also in Atlantic salmon and indicates that a more comprehensive approach is necessary to completely understand the processes involved.

  14. Diario de una vida que no pudo ser: Estudio fenomenológico sobre la drogodependencia Diary of a life that could not be: A phenomenological stugy of drug addiciton

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan M. Leyva-Moral

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available Justificación: El profesional de enfermería juega un papel crucial en la atención a las personas drogodependientes ya que son la puerta de entrada al conocimiento de las familias, del barrio y de los jóvenes. Conocer dicha realidad puede resultar útil para diseñar estrategias de promoción de la salud así como campañas de prevención. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el significado que la persona drogodependiente atribuye a su drogadicción. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo con un enfoque fenomenológico. Metodología: Carmen es una mujer de 41 años, adicta a opiáceos desde los 17 años, ingresada en la Unidad de Patología Dual de un centro neuropsiquiátrico en Barcelona, durante el mes de septiembre de 2006. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un diario semi-estructurado. Resultados: Se describe la drogadicción como algo negativo, responsable de sentimientos de tristeza, fracaso, destrucción y un gran deterioro emocional secundario a los sentimientos de culpabilidad. La participante describe este fenómeno en tres fases: uso-abuso-adicción. Conclusión: El diario elaborado por Carmen permite conocer el significado de la drogadicción y del internamiento para su deshabituación.Justification: Nurses play a crutial role in taking care of people with drug-abuse problems since they know the reality of families, the neighbourhood and the youths. Knowing this reality can be useful to design strategies of health promotion as well as prevention campaigns. Aim: The main aim of this study is to ascertain the meaning that a drug user gives to her situation with substance misuse. Design: Qualitative study based with a phenomenological approach. Methodology: Carmen is a 41 years old woman, addict to opioids since she was 17. Data was collected using a diary while she was admitted in a Dual Pathology Unit in a neuro-psichiatric hospital in Barcelona during September 2006. Results: Drug addiction is drescribed by the participant

  15. Global transcriptional analysis of short-term hepatic stress responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to depleted uranium

    Science.gov (United States)

    Song, You; Salbu, Brit; Teien, Hans-Christian; Heier, Lene Sørlie; Rosseland, Bjørn Olav; Høgåsen, Tore; Tollefsen, Knut Erik

    2014-01-01

    Potential environmental hazards of radionuclides are often studied at the individual level. Sufficient toxicogenomics data at the molecular/cellular level for understanding the effects and modes of toxic action (MoAs) of radionuclide is still lacking. The current article introduces transcriptomic data generated from a recent ecotoxicological study, with the aims to characterize the MoAs of a metallic radionuclide, deplete uranium (DU) in an ecologically and commercially important fish species, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Salmon were exposed to three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L) of DU for 48 h. Short-term global transcriptional responses were studied using Agilent custom-designed high density 60,000-feature (60 k) salmonid oligonucleotide microarrays (oligoarray). The microarray datasets deposited at Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO ID: GSE58824) were associated with a recently published study by Song et al. (2014) in BMC Genomics. The authors describe the experimental data herein to build a platform for better understanding the toxic mechanisms and ecological hazard of radionuclides such as DU in fish. PMID:26484125

  16. Global transcriptional analysis of short-term hepatic stress responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar exposed to depleted uranium

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    You Song

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Potential environmental hazards of radionuclides are often studied at the individual level. Sufficient toxicogenomics data at the molecular/cellular level for understanding the effects and modes of toxic action (MoAs of radionuclide is still lacking. The current article introduces transcriptomic data generated from a recent ecotoxicological study, with the aims to characterize the MoAs of a metallic radionuclide, deplete uranium (DU in an ecologically and commercially important fish species, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar. Salmon were exposed to three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L of DU for 48 h. Short-term global transcriptional responses were studied using Agilent custom-designed high density 60,000-feature (60 k salmonid oligonucleotide microarrays (oligoarray. The microarray datasets deposited at Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO ID: GSE58824 were associated with a recently published study by Song et al. (2014 in BMC Genomics. The authors describe the experimental data herein to build a platform for better understanding the toxic mechanisms and ecological hazard of radionuclides such as DU in fish.

  17. Biorremediación de suelos contaminados con hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos

    OpenAIRE

    Simarro Doblado, Raquel

    2017-01-01

    Tesis Doctoral leída en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid en 2012. Directores de la Tesis: Natalia González y María del Carmen Molina Tal y como su propio nombre indica, biorremediación significa "dar remedio" mediante técnicas biológicas, por lo que una definición acertada de biorremediación sería: el conjunto de técnicas que permiten resolver problemas de contaminación mediante el uso de microorganismos (bacterias, algas unicelulares, etc.), hongos, plantas o enzimas deri...

  18. El cuerpo de los retratos versus el « espíritu extendido en el cuerpo » de los autorretratos de Nahui Olin

    OpenAIRE

    Comisarenco Mirkin, Dina

    2012-01-01

    Carmen Mondragón (1893-1978), conocida popularmente como Nahui Olin, fue una extraordinaria mujer artista Mexicana, que durante las décadas de 1920 y 1930 produjo pinturas y poemas muy originales. Aunque Nahui es generalmente conocida como la musa que inspiró algunos retratos a destacados artistas del Renacimiento mexicano, las imágenes que la mujer artista creó de sí misma, una serie de muy provocativos autorretratos desnuda, todavía no han recibido la atención académica que merecen. A travé...

  19. Extraction of gelatin from salmon (Salmo salar) fish skin using trypsin-aided process: optimization by Plackett-Burman and response surface methodological approaches.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fan, HuiYin; Dumont, Marie-Josée; Simpson, Benjamin K

    2017-11-01

    Gelatin from salmon ( Salmo salar ) skin with high molecular weight protein chains ( α -chains) was extracted using trypsin-aided process. Response surface methodology was used to optimise the extraction parameters. Yield, hydroxyproline content and protein electrophoretic profile via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of gelatin were used as responses in the optimization study. The optimum conditions were determined as: trypsin concentration at 1.49 U/g; extraction temperature at 45 °C; and extraction time at 6 h 16 min. This response surface optimized model was significant and produced an experimental value (202.04 ± 8.64%) in good agreement with the predicted value (204.19%). Twofold higher yields of gelatin with high molecular weight protein chains were achieved in the optimized process with trypsin treatment when compared to the process without trypsin.

  20. Survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts through a hydropower complex.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stich, D S; Bailey, M M; Zydlewski, J D

    2014-10-01

    This study evaluated Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolt survival through the lower Penobscot River, Maine, U.S.A., and characterized relative differences in proportional use and survival through the main-stem of the river and an alternative migration route, the Stillwater Branch. The work was conducted prior to removal of two main-stem dams and operational changes in hydropower facilities in the Stillwater Branch. Survival and proportional use of migration routes in the lower Penobscot were estimated from multistate (MS) models based on 6 years of acoustic telemetry data from 1669 smolts and 2 years of radio-telemetry data from 190 fish. A small proportion (0·12, 95% c.i. = 0·06-0·25) of smolts used the Stillwater Branch, and mean survival through the two operational dams in this part of the river was relatively high (1·00 and 0·97). Survival at Milford Dam, the dam that will remain in the main-stem of the Penobscot River, was relatively low (0·91), whereas survival through two dams that were removed was relatively high (0·99 and 0·98). Smolt survival could decrease in the Stillwater Branch with the addition of two new powerhouses while continuing to meet fish passage standards. The effects of removing two dams in the main-stem are expected to be negligible for smolt survival based on high survival observed from 2005 to 2012 at those locations. Survival through Milford Dam was been well below current regulatory standards, and thus improvement of passage at this location offers the best opportunity for improving overall smolt survival in the lower river. © 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

  1. Síndrome metabólico en un área de salud de Cienfuegos. Segunda medición de CARMEN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alain Francisco Morejón Giraldoni

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: El conocimiento de las prevalencias de los principales factores de riesgos cardiovasculares y del síndrome metabólico en una comunidad, es determinante para establecer programas preventivos de salud.Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en un área de salud de la ciudad de Cienfuegos, así como su relación con los principales factores de riesgo.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal del tipo descriptivo correlacional. La muestra se obtuvo mediante un método probabilístico y es representativa de la población mayor de 17 años del área de salud IV del municipio de Cienfuegos; se estudiaron 209 personas extraídas de un universo de 16577 individuos, se utilizó un porcentaje de prevalencia esperada del 18 %, un intervalo de confianza (IC del 95 %, una precisión de ± 5 % y una tasa de no respuesta del 35 %.Resultados: La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico se determinó en 21,7 %, la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial fue de 39,2 %, la obesidad en 24,8 % y la diabetes mellitus en 10,7 %. La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en mayores de 40 años fue de 43,7 % con una razón de prevalencia de 2,40 para el sexo masculino.Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de los principales factores de riesgo en la comunidad, la principal triada de asociación para el síndrome metabólico esta formada por la hipertensión, hipertrigliceridemia e hipocolesterolemia de HDL.

  2. Impacts of episodic acidification on in-stream survival and physiological impairment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts

    Science.gov (United States)

    McCormick, S.D.; Keyes, A.; Nislow, K.H.; Monette, M.Y.

    2009-01-01

    We conducted field studies to determine the levels of acid and aluminum (Al) that affect survival, smolt development, ion homeostasis, and stress in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in restoration streams of the Connecticut River in southern Vermont, USA. Fish were held in cages in five streams encompassing a wide range of acid and Al levels for two 6-day intervals during the peak of smolt development in late April and early May. Physiological parameters were unchanged from initial sampling at the hatchery and the high water quality reference site (pH > 7.0, inorganic Al pH (5.4-5.6) and highest inorganic Al (50-80 μg·L-1). Moderate loss of plasma chloride, increased plasma cortisol and glucose, and moderately elevated gill Al occurred at less severely impacted sites. Gill Al was a better predictor of integrated physiological impacts than water chemistry alone. The results indicate that Al and low pH under field conditions in some New England streams can cause mortality and impair smolt development in juvenile Atlantic salmon and provide direct evidence that episodic acidification is impacting conservation and recovery of Atlantic salmon in the northeastern USA.

  3. Applying Fourier Transform Mid Infrared Spectroscopy to Detect the Adulteration of Salmo salar with Oncorhynchus mykiss

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moreira, Maria João

    2018-01-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods to detect fish adulteration. Muscles of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (SS) and Salmon trout (Onconrhynchus mykiss) (OM) muscles were mixed in different percentages and transformed into mini-burgers. These were stored at 3 °C, then examined at 0, 72, 160, and 240 h for deteriorative microorganisms. Mini-burgers was submitted to Soxhlet extraction, following which lipid extracts were analyzed by FTIR. The principal component analysis (PCA) described the studied adulteration using four principal components with an explained variance of 95.60%. PCA showed that the absorbance in the spectral region from 721, 1097, 1370, 1464, 1655, 2805, to 2935, 3009 cm−1 may be attributed to biochemical fingerprints related to differences between SS and OM. The partial least squares regression (PLS-R) predicted the presence/absence of adulteration in fish samples of an external set with high accuracy. The proposed methods have the advantage of allowing quick measurements, despite the storage time of the adulterated fish. FTIR combined with chemometrics showed that a methodology to identify the adulteration of SS with OM can be established, even when stored for different periods of time. PMID:29621135

  4. Histochemical demonstration of mercury in the olfactory system of salmon (Salmo salar L.) following treatments with dietary methylmercuric chloride and dissolved mercuric chloride

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Baatrup, E; Døving, K B

    1991-01-01

    The deposition of organic and inorganic mercury compounds was studied histochemically in the salmon (Salmo salar L.) olfactory system. One group of salmon was given fodder pellets containing methylmercuric chloride (CH3HgCl, 99 micrograms Hg/g) for 4 weeks. Other groups of fish were exposed...... to dissolved mercuric chloride (HgCl2, 270 micrograms Hg/liter) for 2, 6, and 12 hr, respectively. In both series of experiments, the radioisotope 203Hg was included in order to determine the accumulation of mercury in the olfactory system. Gamma-spectrometry showed that both mercury compounds accumulated...... in the olfactory rosettes and their nerves. Tissue sections from the rosettes and olfactory nerves were subjected to autometallographic silver enhancement, thereby rendering mercury deposits visible for light and electron microscopy. Microscopic analysis demonstrated an intense and comprehensive Hg deposition...

  5. The effects of swimming exercise and dissolved oxygen on growth performance, fin condition and precocious maturation of early-rearing Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

    Science.gov (United States)

    Waldrop, Thomas; Summerfelt, Steven T.; Mazik, Patricia M.; Good, Christopher

    2018-01-01

    Swimming exercise, typically measured in body-lengths per second (BL/s), and dissolved oxygen (DO), are important environmental variables in fish culture. While there is an obvious physiological association between these two parameters, their interaction has not been adequately studied in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Because exercise and DO are variables that can be easily manipulated in modern aquaculture systems, we sought to assess the impact of these parameters, alone and in combination, on the performance, health and welfare of juvenile Atlantic salmon. In our study, Atlantic salmon fry were stocked into 12 circular 0.5 m3 tanks in a flow-through system and exposed to either high (1.5–2 BL/s) or low (salmon early rearing can result in improved growth performance and a lower incidence of precocious parr.

  6. Espacios culturales comunitarios en Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peña, José Adolfo

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available The community centre programme in Venezuela (ECC,Spanish initials for Espacios Culturales Comunitarios wasundertaken in 2001 on the initiative of the Deputy Ministry ofCulture’s Department of Cultural Buildings. The idea was todesign an extremely simple, flexible and inexpensive system,readily applicable all across the country and suitable for atropical climate. The programme was headed by ProfessorJuan Pedro Posani, who created the architectural design forthese centres. Engineer José Adolfo Peña and architectCarmen Yáñez authored the structural and buildingengineering. The solutions devised to meet constructionrequirements were based on two principles: the choice of alightweight prefabricated building system and the definition ofthe extreme climatic conditions characteristic of the tropics asthe core issue to be addressed.In terms of architectural and humanist policy, the project is anarchitectural commitment to the environment, buildingtechnology and the conditions and demands of a clearlydisadvantaged social community.El programa de los Espacios Culturales Comunitarios (ECCen Venezuela surge de la dirección de EdificacionesCulturales del ViceMinisterio de Cultura en el año 2001. Laidea consiste en diseñar un sistema extremadamente sencillo,flexible y económico que pueda multiplicarse rápidamentepor todo el país y que sea capaz de responderadecuadamente a las condiciones contextuales del trópico. Elprograma ha sido dirigido por el profesor Juan PedroPosani, quien concibió la arquitectura de los mismos. Laconcepción estructural y constructiva es obra del ingenieroJose Adolfo Peña y de la arquitecta Carmen Yáñez. Larespuesta a las condiciones de partida se basó en dosprincipios: la elección de un sistema de prefabricación ligeray la consideración en primer plano de las condicionesclimáticas extremas propias del trópico.El proyecto, en términos de arquitectura y de política humanista,es un compromiso arquitect

  7. Remodeling of the notochord during development of vertebral fusions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ytteborg, Elisabeth; Torgersen, Jacob Seilø; Pedersen, Mona E; Baeverfjord, Grete; Hannesson, Kirsten O; Takle, Harald

    2010-12-01

    Histological characterization of spinal fusions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has demonstrated shape alterations of vertebral body endplates, a reduced intervertebral space, and replacement of intervertebral cells by ectopic bone. However, the significance of the notochord during the fusion process has not been addressed. We have therefore investigated structural and cellular events in the notochord during the development of vertebral fusions. In order to induce vertebral fusions, Atlantic salmon were exposed to elevated temperatures from fertilization until they attained a size of 15g. Based on results from radiography, intermediate and terminal stages of the fusion process were investigated by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Examination of structural extracellular matrix proteins such as Perlecan, Aggrecan, Elastin, and Laminin revealed reduced activity and reorganization at early stages in the pathology. Staining for elastic fibers visualized a thinner elastic membrane surrounding the notochord of developing fusions, and immunohistochemistry for Perlecan showed that the notochordal sheath was stretched during fusion. These findings in the outer notochord correlated with the loss of Aggrecan- and Substance-P-positive signals and the further loss of vacuoles from the chordocytes in the central notochord. At more progressed stages of fusion, chordocytes condensed, and the expression of Aggrecan and Substance P reappeared. The hyperdense regions seem to be of importance for the formation of notochordal tissue into bone. Thus, the remodeling of notochord integrity by reduced elasticity, structural alterations, and cellular changes is probably involved in the development of vertebral fusions.

  8. The complete genome sequence of CrRV-Ch01, a new member of the family Rhabdoviridae in the parasitic copepod Caligus rogercresseyi present on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Chile.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Økland, Arnfinn Lodden; Skoge, Renate Hvidsten; Nylund, Are

    2018-06-01

    We have determined the complete genome sequence of a new rhabdovirus, tentatively named Caligus rogercresseyi rhabdovirus Ch01 (CrRV-Ch01), which was found in the parasite Caligus rogercresseyi, present on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Chile. The genome encodes the five canonical rhabdovirus proteins in addition to an unknown protein, in the order N-P-M-U (unknown)-G-L. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus clusters with two rhabdoviruses (Lepeophtheirus salmonis rhabdovirus No9 and Lepeophtheirus salmonis rhabdovirus No127) obtained from another parasitic caligid, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, present on farmed Atlantic salmon on the west coast of Norway.

  9. Principales géneros bacterianos aislados de leche de cabra en dos granjas del municipio de Tequisquiapan, Querétaro, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rocío Angélica Ruiz Romero

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El término "mastitis" se utiliza para referirse a la inflamación de la glándula mamaria. A pesar de las pérdidas económicas que produce en cabras lecheras, existe escasa información relativa al estado epidemiológico de la misma en nuestro país. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar bacterias presentes en leche cruda de cabras clínicamente sanas, obtenida en sistemas de producción intensivo y semi-intensivo por métodos microbiológicos tradicionales. Se trabajaron con 28 animales en sistema de producción intensiva y 33 animales en sistema de producción semiintensiva, provenientes del Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión en Producción Animal en Altiplano (CEIEPAA perteneciente a la FMVZ-UNAM y la granja del Carmen, ambas ubicadas en Tequisquiapan, Querétaro, México. De cada una de las cabras se obtuvieron muestras de ambas glándulas, se realizaron muestreos cada 45 días junto con la prueba de California de las cabras seleccionadas hasta los 240 días de lactación. Se recibieron un total de 484 muestras para análisis bacteriológico tradicional, 90 muestras (18.6 % presentaron crecimiento bacteriano, de las cuales se recuperaron 97 aislados. Los géneros bacterianos aislados con mayor frecuenciafueron Staphylococcus coagulasa Negativo (SCN 62/97 (63.9 %, Streptococus uberis 10/97 (10.3 % y Staphylococcus aureus 5/97 (5.1 %. De acuerdo al análisis estadístico, no existen diferencias entre los dos principales géneros bacterianos aislados en ambos sistemas de producción.

  10. A comparison of neutral and immune genetic variation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. in Chilean aquaculture facilities.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David S Portnoy

    Full Text Available Genetic diversity was assessed in samples of cultured Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., obtained from facilities in Chile between 2005 and 2010, a period of time during which the infectious pathogens Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA virus, Caligus rogercresseyi (sea lice, and Piscirickettsia salmonis (salmon rickettsial syndrome were common. Two panels of microsatellite markers were utilized: one with microsatellites with no known gene associations (neutral and one featuring microsatellites linked to putative immune-related genes (immune-related. Allelic richness and gene diversity across samples were significantly greater in neutral loci as compared to immune-related loci. Both diversity measures were homogeneous among samples for immune-related loci and heterogeneous among samples for neutral loci. Immune-related loci were identified as F(ST outliers in pairwise comparisons of samples at a 10-fold higher frequency than neutral loci. These results indicate that neutral and immune-related portions of the Atlantic salmon genome may have differed in response to the gauntlet of pathogens and that monitoring of specific, well characterized immune-related loci as well as neutral loci in cultured species could be useful when disease control and prevention is a goal.

  11. La superaci??n del modelo del ??ngel del hogar:

    OpenAIRE

    Hurtado Mu??oz, M??nica

    2012-01-01

    La Tesis Doctoral titulada "La superaci??n del modelo del "??ngel del hogar". Recuperaci??n de la escritora Leonor Canalejas y Fustegueras (1869-1945)" aborda, en primer lugar, un an??lisis sociol??gico de las circunstancias que rodearon a la mujer espa??ola en el cambio de siglo en el ??mbito social y educativo, en un intento de esclarecer las caracter??sticas propias del contexto en el que la mujer accede a la intelectualidad en general y a la literatura en particular. Esta parte concluye q...

  12. Fandangos in Voices of Women: Enacting Tradition, Affirming Identity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Loren Chuse

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un breve resumen del papel clave de la mujer en la creación, la difusión, y la innovación del fandango en el flamenco. Partiendo de los conceptos teóricos de la música como señal importante de la identidad andaluza y regional, y como expresión cultural de la negociación de esta identidad, este ensayo comienza destacando el trabajo la importación de las cantaoras y tocaoras de la época de los cafés cantantes. Continúa presentando un análisis de las contribuciones de cantaoras y mujeres guitarristas contemporáneas, como Carmen Linares, María José Matos, y las cantaoras de la Peña Femenina de Huelva. El trabajo considera además la creatividad de las cantaoras jóvenes, quienes mantienen la tradición del fandango a la misma vez que la innovan.

  13. Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Seaweeds in LPS Challenged Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar as Determined by Deep RNA Sequencing of the Head Kidney Transcriptome

    Science.gov (United States)

    Palstra, Arjan P.; Kals, Jeroen; Blanco Garcia, Ainhoa; Dirks, Ron P.; Poelman, Marnix

    2018-01-01

    Seaweeds may represent immuno-stimulants that could be used as health-promoting fish feed components. This study was performed to gain insights into the immunomodulatory effects of dietary seaweeds in Atlantic salmon. Specifically tested were 10% inclusion levels of Laminaria digitata (SW1) and a commercial blend of seaweeds (Oceanfeed®) (SW2) against a fishmeal based control diet (FMC). Differences between groups were assessed in growth, feed conversion ratio and blood parameters hematocrit and hemoglobin. After a LPS challenge of fish representing each of the three groups, RNAseq was performed on the head kidney as major immune organ to determine transcriptomic differences in response to the immune activation. Atlantic salmon fed with dietary seaweeds did not show major differences in performance in comparison with fishmeal fed fish. RNAseq resulted in ∼154 million reads which were mapped against a NCBI Salmo salar reference and against a de novo assembled S. salar reference for analyses of expression of immune genes and ontology of immune processes among the 87,600 cDNA contigs. The dietary seaweeds provoked a more efficient immune response which involved more efficient identification of the infection site, and processing and presentation of antigens. More specifically, chemotaxis and the chemokine-mediated signaling were improved and therewith the defense response to Gram-positive bacterium reduced. Specific Laminaria digitata effects included reduction of the interferon-gamma-mediated signaling. Highly upregulated and specific for this diet was the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein. The commercial blend of seaweeds caused more differential expression than Laminaria digitata and improved immune processes such as receptor-mediated endocytosis and cell adhesion, and increased the expression of genes involved in response to lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory response. Particularly, expression of many important immune

  14. Dietary soya saponins increase gut permeability and play a key role in the onset of soyabean-induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Knudsen, Sven David Lausten; Jutfelt, Fredrik; Sundh, Henrik

    2008-01-01

    are naturally occurring amphiphilic molecules and have been associated with many biological activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether soya saponins trigger the onset of soyabean-induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), and to examine if dietary soya saponins...... increase the epithelial permeability of the distal intestine in Atlantic salmon. Seven experimental diets containing different levels of soya saponins were fed to seawater-adapted Atlantic salmon for 53 d. The diets included a fishmeal-based control diet, two fishmeal-based diets with different levels...... of added soya saponins, one diet containing 25 % lupin kernel meal, two diets based on 25 % lupin kernel meal with different levels of added soya saponins, and one diet containing 25 % defatted soyabean meal. The effect on intestinal morphology, intestinal epithelial permeability and faecal DM content...

  15. Attempt to validate breakpoint MIC values estimated from pharmacokinetic data obtained during oxolinic acid therapy of winter ulcer disease in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Coyne, R.; Bergh, Ø.; Samuelsen, O.

    2004-01-01

    Concentrations of oxolinic acid (OXA) were measured in the plasma, muscle, liver, and kidney of 48 Atlantic salmons (Salmo salar) 1 day after the end of an oral administration. OXA was administered over a period of 13 days to control an outbreak of winter ulcer disease in a commercial marine farm...... administration of OXA. A numerical description of the concentration of the antimicrobial agent achieved in therapy is necessary to determine the resistance or sensitivity of the bacteria involved in the infection. The degree of fish-to-fish variation in the concentrations of OXA, both within the healthy fish...... a useful parameter for describing the concentrations of agents achieved during therapy. The plasma data from this investigation were used to estimate clinically relevant breakpoint minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. The validity of these breakpoint values was discussed with reference...

  16. Evidence for an autumn downstream migration of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (Linnaeus) and brown trout Salmo trutta (Linnaeus) parr to the Baltic Sea

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taal, Imre; Kesler, Martin; Saks, Lauri; Rohtla, Mehis; Verliin, Aare; Svirgsden, Roland; Jürgens, Kristiina; Vetemaa, Markus; Saat, Toomas

    2014-06-01

    In the eastern Baltic rivers, anadromous salmonid parr are known to smoltify and migrate to the sea from March until June, depending on latitude, climate and hydrological conditions. In this study, we present the first records of autumn descent of brown trout Salmo trutta and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from the Baltic Sea Basin. Otolith microchemistry analyses revealed that these individuals hatched in freshwater and had migrated to the brackish water shortly prior to capture. The fish were collected in 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2013 from Eru Bay (surface salinity 4.5-6.5 ‰), Gulf of Finland. This relatively wide temporal range of observations indicates that the autumn descent of anadromous salmonids is not a random event. These results imply that autumn descent needs more consideration in the context of the effective stock management, assessment and restoration of Baltic salmonid populations and their habitats.

  17. Evolució i estabilitat d’àcids grassos i vitamines antioxidants a la llet materna

    OpenAIRE

    Moltó Puigmartí, Carolina

    2008-01-01

    Recerca realitzada durant el periode Gener 2006-Abril 2007, a la Facultat de Farmàcia de la Universitat de Barcelona sota la direcció de la Dra. M. Carmen López Sabater. La nutrició durant els primers anys de vida té una enorme importància, amb repercussions en el creixement i desenvolupament del nen i en les possibles malalties futures. Tenint en compte que la llet materna és l’aliment ideal per al nadó durant els primers sis mesos de vida, és important conéixer la composició nutricional de...

  18. TRADUCTOR MÓVIL PARA MEJORAR LA COMUNICACIÓN EN LA ASISTENCIA MÉDICA A PACIENTES QUECHUA HABLANTES, AYACUCHO 2016

    OpenAIRE

    Lagos Barzola, Manuel Avelino

    2017-01-01

    El propósito de la presente investigación fue desarrollar un software traductor móvil para permitir realizar un diagnóstico adecuado a pacientes quechua hablantes a través de una comunicación fluida, en las instituciones de salud de la región Ayacucho, 2016. El caso de estudio se desarrolló en el Centro de Salud de Carmen Alto de Ayacucho, y el software fue diseñado para ser utilizado en atención de consultorio de medicina general. Para el desarrollo del traductor móvil se u...

  19. Water contaminated with Didymosphenia geminata generates changes in Salmo salar spermatozoa activation times.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olivares, Pamela; Orellana, Paola; Guerra, Guillermo; Peredo-Parada, Matías; Chavez, Viviana; Ramirez, Alfredo; Parodi, Jorge

    2015-06-01

    Didimosphenia geminata ("didymo"), has become a powerful and devastating river plague in Chile. A system was developed in D. geminata channels with the purpose evaluating the effects of water polluted with didymo on the activation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) spermatozoa. Results indicate that semen, when activated with uncontaminated river water had an average time of 60±21s. When using Powermilt, (a commercial activator), times of 240±21s are achieved, while rivers contaminated with D. geminata achieve a motility time of 30±12s. Interestingly enough, the kinetic parameters of VSL, VCL and VAP showed no significant changes under all of the conditions. Furthermore, the presence of D. geminata reduces activation time of the samples as the cells age, indicating increased effects in spermatozoa that are conserved for more than 5 days. D. geminata has antioxidant content, represented by polyphenols; 200ppm of polyphenol were obtained in this study per 10g of microalgae. Spermatozoa exposed to these extracts showed a reduction in mobility time in a dose dependent manner, showing an IC50 of 15ppm. The results suggest an effect on spermatozoa activation, possibly due to the release of polyphenols present in contaminated rivers, facilitating the alteration of sperm motility times, without affecting the viability or kinetics of the cells. These findings have important implications for current policy regarding the control of the algae. Current control measures focus on the number of visible species, and not on the compounds that they release, which this study shows, also have a problematic effect on salmon production. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. Freshwater-Brine Mixing Zone Hydrodynamics in Salt Flats (Salar de Atacama)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marazuela, M. A.; Vázquez-Suñé, E.; Custodio, E.; Palma, T.; García-Gil, A.

    2017-12-01

    The increase in the demand of strategic minerals for the development of medicines and batteries require detailed knowledge of the salt flats freshwater-brine interface to make its exploitation efficient. The interface zone is the result of a physical balance between the recharged and evaporated water. The sharp interface approach assumes the immiscibility of the fluids and thus neglects the mixing between them. As a consequence, for miscible fluids it is more accurate and often needed to use the mixing zone concept, which results from the dynamic equilibrium of flowing freshwater and brine. In this study, we consider two and three-dimensional scale approaches for the management of the mixing zone. The two-dimensional approach is used to understand the dynamics and the characteristics of the salt flat mixing zone, especially in the Salar de Atacama (Atacama salt flat) case. By making use of this model we analyze and quantify the effects of the aquitards on the mixing zone geometry. However, the understanding of the complex physical processes occurring in the salt flats and the management of these environments requires the adoption of three-dimensional regional scale numerical models. The models that take into account the effects of variable density represent the best management tool, but they require large computational resources, especially in the three-dimensional case. In order to avoid these computational limitations in the modeling of salt flats and their valuable ecosystems, we propose a three-step methodology, consisting of: (1) collection, validation and interpretation of the hydrogeochemical data, (2) identification and three-dimensional mapping of the mixing zone on the land surface and in depth, and (3) application of a water head correction to the freshwater and mixed water heads in order to compensate the density variations and to transform them to brine water heads. Finally, an evaluation of the sensibility of the mixing zone to anthropogenic and

  1. Prokaryotic diversity and community composition in the Salar de Uyuni, a large scale, chaotropic salt flat.

    Science.gov (United States)

    dC Rubin, Sergio S; Marín, Irma; Gómez, Manuel J; Morales, Eduardo A; Zekker, Ivar; San Martín-Uriz, Patxi; Rodríguez, Nuria; Amils, Ricardo

    2017-09-01

    Salar de Uyuni (SdU), with a geological history that reflects 50 000 years of climate change, is the largest hypersaline salt flat on Earth and is estimated to be the biggest lithium reservoir in the world. Its salinity reaches saturation levels for NaCl, a kosmotropic salt, and high concentrations of MgCL 2 and LiCl, both salts considered important chaotrophic stressors. In addition, extreme temperatures, anoxic conditions, high UV irradiance, high albedo and extremely low concentrations of phosphorous, make SdU a unique natural extreme environment in which to contrast hypotheses about limiting factors of life diversification. Geophysical studies of brines from different sampling stations show that water activity is rather constant along SdU. Geochemical measurements show significant differences in magnesium concentration, ranging from 0.2 to 2M. This work analyses the prokaryotic diversity and community structure at four SdU sampling stations, selected according to their location and ionic composition. Prokaryotic communities were composed of both Archaea (with members of the classes Halobacteria, Thermoplasmata and Nanohaloarchaea, from the Euryarchaeota and Nanohaloarcheota phyla respectively) and Bacteria (mainly belonging to Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla). The important differences in composition of microbial communities inversely correlate with Mg 2+ concentration, suggesting that prokaryotic diversity at SdU is chaotropic dependent. © 2017 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  2. Historia deldel = History of Padel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo resume la historia del deporte deldel. Existen dos versiones sobre el origen deldel. La primera versión relaciona los antecedentes deldel con los de otros deportes de raqueta como el tenis o el bádminton, siendo su origen común el jeu de la paume francés. Posteriormente, surgen variantes en Estados Unidos como el Paddle Tennis y el Platform Tennis, siendo versiones reducidas del tenis, pero con elementos muy comunes al pádel actual. La segunda versión, aprobada por la Federación Internacional de Pádel, afirma que este deporte nació en México, en 1969, a través del empresario Enrique Corcuera.--------------------------------------------------------------------This research summarizes the history of paddle sport. There are two versions about the origin of paddle. The first version relates the history of paddle with other racket sports like tennis or badminton, and its common origin of the Jeu de Paume French. Later, in in the United States, appear two sports called Paddle Tennis and Platform Tennis, which are reduced versions of tennis sport, but these have lot of common characteristics with paddle. The second version, approved by the International Padel Federation, said the sport was born in Mexico in 1969, through the businessman Enrique Corcuera.

  3. Caravanes de lamas, sel et échanges dans une communauté de Potosí, en Bolivie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    1987-01-01

    Full Text Available Les Salares d'Uyuni et de Coipasa sont, en Bolivie, les principales réserves de sel lequel constitue l'une des plus importantes ressources naturelles des habitants de la haute puna. Transporté par caravanes de lamas vers les basses terres orientales ou occidentales où il est échangé, ce sel leur permet d'acquérir les produits indispensables à leur vie quotidienne: maïs, piment, bois, coca. Cet article se propose de décrire et d'analyser la vie traditionnelle des caravaniers boliviens durant un périple d'échange vers les vallées. En Bolivia, los Salares de Uyuni y de Coipasa son las principales reservas de sal la que constituye una de las más importantes fuentes de recursos para los habitantes de la puna del altiplano central. Trasladada por medio de caravanas de llamas, hasta las yungas orientales u occidentales del litoral pacífico donde se intercambia, esta sal permite a estas poblaciones adquirir los productos indispensables para su vida cotidiana tales como la coca, el maíz, la madera.... A partir de un ejemplo preciso, intentamos, en este artículo, hacer una descripción y un análisis completo de la vida tradicional de estos llameros, durante uno de sus viajes de trueque hacia los valles. The great Salares of Uyuni and Coipasa are, in Bolivia, the main centers to provide salt, which is one of the most important resources of the inhabitants from the high puna. Carried each year by llama's caravans down to the other ecozones, as far as oriental or occidental valleys, and there bartered, it helps each community to obtain complementary row material which is necessary to their subsistence: maize, aji, wood, coca, etc... We intent, in this paper, to describe in detail, and from a specific example, the traditional way of living of the bolivian herdsmen during their annual trip to the valleys, and to analyze its possible socio-economical and ritual meaning.

  4. Consistent boldness behaviour in early emerging fry of domesticated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Decoupling of behavioural and physiological traits of the proactive stress coping style

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Vaz-Serrano, J.; Ruiz-Gomez, M. L.; Gjøen, H. M.

    2011-01-01

    style seem to be coupled to the time to emerge of fry from spawning redds in natural populations of salmonid fishes. In the present study, behavioural and physiological traits of stress coping styles were compared two and five months after emergence in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), using......Individual variation in the way animals cope with stressors has been documented in a number of animal groups. In general, two distinct sets of behavioural and physiological responses to stress have been described: the proactive and the reactive coping styles. Some characteristics of stress coping...... hunger, in the present study. This observation was repeated five months after emergence, demonstrating behavioural consistency over time in this trait. However, in other traits of proactive and reactive stress coping styles, such as social status, resting metabolism or post stress cortisol concentrations...

  5. Mate choice for major histocompatibility complex genetic divergence as a bet-hedging strategy in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Evans, Melissa L.; Dionne, Mélanie; Miller, Kristina M.; Bernatchez, Louis

    2012-01-01

    Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-dependent mating preferences have been observed across vertebrate taxa and these preferences are expected to promote offspring disease resistance and ultimately, viability. However, little empirical evidence linking MHC-dependent mate choice and fitness is available, particularly in wild populations. Here, we explore the adaptive potential of previously observed patterns of MHC-dependent mate choice in a wild population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Québec, Canada, by examining the relationship between MHC genetic variation and adult reproductive success and offspring survival over 3 years of study. While Atlantic salmon choose their mates in order to increase MHC diversity in offspring, adult reproductive success was in fact maximized between pairs exhibiting an intermediate level of MHC dissimilarity. Moreover, patterns of offspring survival between years 0+ and 1+, and 1+ and 2+ and population genetic structure at the MHC locus relative to microsatellite loci indicate that strong temporal variation in selection is likely to be operating on the MHC. We interpret MHC-dependent mate choice for diversity as a likely bet-hedging strategy that maximizes parental fitness in the face of temporally variable and unpredictable natural selection pressures. PMID:21697172

  6. Potencial del Agua del suelo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bustamante Heliodoro

    1986-12-01

    Full Text Available La energía potencial del agua presenta diferencias de un punto del suelo a otro; esas diferencias son las que originan el movimiento del agua de acuerdo a la tendencia universal de la materia en el sentido de moverse de donde la energía potencial es mayor a donde dicha energía es menor. En el suelo el agua en consecuencia se mueve hacia donde su energía decrece hasta lograr su estado de equilibrio. Se desprende entonces que la cantidad de energía potencial absoluta contenida en el agua, no es importante por sí misma, sino por su relación con la energía en diferentes lugares dentro del suelo. El concepto Potencial de agua del suelo es un criterio para esta energía.

  7. Toxicity of road deicing salt (NaCl) and copper (Cu) to fertilization and early developmental stages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mahrosh, Urma; Kleiven, Merethe; Meland, Sondre; Rosseland, Bjørn Olav; Salbu, Brit; Teien, Hans-Christian

    2014-09-15

    In many countries, salting of ice or snow covered roads may affect aquatic organisms in the catchment directly or indirectly by mobilization of toxic metals. We studied the toxicity of road deicing salt and copper (Cu) on the vulnerable early life stages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), from fertilization till hatching. Controlled episodic exposure to road salt (≥ 5,000 mg/L) during fertilization resulted in reduced swelling and less percent egg survival. Exposure to Cu both during and post fertilization caused delayed hatching. Larval deformities were, however found as an additional effect, when eggs were exposed to high salt concentration (≥ 5,000 mg/L) mixed with Cu (10 μg Cu/L) during fertilization. Thus, it appears that the sensitivity of early developmental stages of Atlantic salmon increased when exposed to these stressors, and road salt application during spawning can pose threat to Atlantic salmon in water bodies receiving road runoff. The study gives insight on assessment and management of risks on Atlantic salmon population posed by road related hazardous chemicals. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. Efecto del silicio y plaguicidas en la fertilidad del suelo y rendimiento del arroz

    OpenAIRE

    Furcal-Beriguete, Parménides; Herrera-Barrantes, Alejandra

    2013-01-01

    Efecto del silicio y plaguicidas en la fertilidad del suelo y rendimiento del arroz. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de enfermedades y plagas insectiles, el rendimiento y la calidad de granos del cultivo de arroz. El estudio se realizó en La Vega, Florencia, San Carlos, Costa Rica entre mayo y octubre en los años 2010 y 2011, en el mismo lote con la variedad CR 4477. Se establecieron cinco tratamientos: silicio al suelo, ...

  9. Effect of ectoparasite infestation density and life history stages on the swimming performance of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samantha Bui

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available To overcome sustainability obstacles and improve operations, the Atlantic salmon farming industry is testing novel approaches to production. Redistributing farm sites to offshore locations is one such solution; however, tolerance to high-current velocity sites must be considered, particularly if fish health status is compromised by parasites. We tested the effect of parasite density and life-history stage on the swimming performance of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar using a swim flume. Salmon with 3 different salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis densities (0, 0.02 � 0.01 and 0.11 � 0.01 lice cm-2 [mean � SE] were tested across the 4 major life-history stages of lice (copepodid, chalimus, pre-adult and adult for critical swimming performance (Ucrit. Salmon Ucrit declined slightly by a mean of 0.04 to 0.10 body lengths s-1 with high parasite densities compared to uninfested and low densities, across the lice stages, while progression through the parasite life-history stages had little effect on swimming performance. Our results suggest that increasing infestation density of salmon lice incurs negative fitness consequences for farmed Atlantic salmon held in high-current velocity sites, with little difference in costs associated with attachment by different life-history stages of the lice.

  10. Identification and characterisation of TLR18-21 genes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, P T; Zou, J; Holland, J W; Martin, S A M; Collet, B; Kanellos, T; Secombes, C J

    2014-12-01

    Teleost fish possess many types of toll-like receptor (TLR) some of which exist in other vertebrate groups and some that do not (ie so-called "fish-specific" TLRs). In this study, we identified in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) whole-genome shotgun (WGS) contigs seven TLRs that are not found in mammals, including six types of fish-specific TLRs (one TLR18, one TLR19, and four TLR20 members (two of which are putative soluble forms (s)) and one TLR21. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that teleost TLR19-21 are closely related with murine TLR11-TLR13, whilst teleost TLR18 groups with mammalian TLR1, 2, 6 and 10. A typical TLR protein domain structure was found in all these TLRs with the exception of TLR20b(s) and TLR20c(s). TLR-GFP expression plasmids transfected into SHK-1 cells showed that salmon TLR19, TLR20a and TLR20d were preferentially localised to the intracellular compartment. Real time PCR analysis suggested that salmon TLR19-TLR21 are mainly expressed in immune related organs, such as spleen, head kidney and gills, while TLR18 transcripts are more abundant in muscle. In vitro stimulation of primary head kidney cells with type I IFN, IFNγ and IL-1β had no impact on TLR expression. Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) infection, in vivo, down-regulated TLR20a, TLR20b(s), TLR20d and TLR21 in infected salmon kidney tissue. In contrast, up-regulation of TLR19 and TLR20a expression was found in posterior kidney in rainbow trout with clinical proliferative kidney disease (PKD). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Colombine y el cine mudo en España (La mejor film

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Palomo, M.ª del Pilar

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available To put into context the works of Colombine on cinema that are analyzed, the appearance of the first films projected in 1896 in Almeria, and the state of cinema in Madrid from 1901 to 1932: the union between cinema and theatre; the first film versions of Spanish plays; the interest towards this new art for theatrical actresses and vanguard writers... Two articles about Francesca Bertini written by Carmen de Burgos are analyzed as well as her novel La Mejor Film, written in 1918, which offers a testament into how films were made at that time.Como contexto de los trabajos de Colombine sobre el cine que se analizan se comenta la aparición de las primeras cintas proyectadas en 1896 en Almería, y la situación del cinematógrafo en Madrid de 1901 a 1932: la unión de cine y teatro; primeras versiones sobre obras literarias españolas; el interés hacia el nuevo arte de las actrices teatrales y de los escritores vanguardistas... Se analizan dos artículos de Carmen de Burgos sobre Francesca Bertini de 1916, y su novela La mejor film, de 1918, que ofrece los pormenores de una filmación en dicha fecha.

  12. Natural selection constrains personality and brain gene expression differences in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thörnqvist, Per-Ove; Höglund, Erik; Winberg, Svante

    2015-04-01

    In stream-spawning salmonid fishes there is a considerable variation in the timing of when fry leave the spawning nests and establish a feeding territory. The timing of emergence from spawning nests appears to be related to behavioural and physiological traits, e.g. early emerging fish are bolder and more aggressive. In the present study, emerging Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) alevins were sorted into three fractions: early, intermediate and late emerging. At the parr stage, behaviour, stress responses, hindbrain monoaminergic activity and forebrain gene expression were explored in fish from the early and late emerging fractions (first and last 25%). The results show that when subjected to confinement stress, fish from the late emerging fraction respond with a larger activation of the brain serotonergic system than fish from the early fraction. Similarly, in late emerging fish, stress resulted in elevated expression of mRNA coding for serotonin 1A receptors (5-HT1A), GABA-A receptor-associated protein and ependymin, effects not observed in fish from the early emerging fraction. Moreover, fish from the early emerging fraction displayed bolder behaviour than their late emerging littermates. Taken together, these results suggest that time of emergence, boldness and aggression are linked to each other, forming a behavioural syndrome in juvenile salmon. Differences in brain gene expression between early and late emerging salmon add further support to a relationship between stress coping style and timing of emergence. However, early and late emerging salmon do not appear to differ in hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis reactivity, another characteristic of divergent stress coping styles. © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

  13. Determinantes del trabajo infantil y la escolaridad: el caso del Valle del Cauca en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastián Urueña Abadía

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Colombia, al igual que la mayoría de países latinoamericanos, consciente de las repercusiones sociales y económicas negativas del trabajo infantil, se ha comprometido en la lucha por la erradicación de este fenómeno. Prueba de ello es la ratificación por parte del gobierno colombiano en el año 2007, del Convenio 182 de la OIT sobre la Prohibición de las Peores Formas de Trabajo Infantil y la Acción Inmediata para su Eliminación. En el plano regional, como parte del Plan de Desarrollo del Departamento del Valle del Cauca 2008-2011, se está implementando actualmente una estrategia territorial de erradicación del trabajo infantil en sus 42 municipios. Considerando este panorama, este trabajo indaga cuáles son los determinantes del trabajo infantil y la escolaridad en el departamento del Valle a partir de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida del año 2003. Para el análisis se emplea un modelo econométrico Probit Bivariado, que permite el estudio conjunto e interrelacionado de decisiones diferentes, en este caso la asistencia escolar y el trabajo.

  14. Baking reduces prostaglandin, resolvin, and hydroxy-fatty acid content of farm-raised Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Raatz, Susan K; Golovko, Mikhail Y; Brose, Stephen A; Rosenberger, Thad A; Burr, Gary S; Wolters, William R; Picklo, Matthew J

    2011-10-26

    The consumption of seafood enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Several n-3 oxidation products from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) have known protective effects in the vasculature. It is not known whether the consumption of cooked seafood enriched in n-3 PUFA causes appreciable consumption of lipid oxidation products. We tested the hypothesis that baking Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) increases the level of n-3 and n-6 PUFA oxidation products over raw salmon. We measured the contents of several monohydroxy-fatty acids (MHFA), prostanoids, and resolvins. Our data demonstrate that baking did not change the overall total levels of MHFA. However, baking resulted in selective regioisomeric loss of hydroxy fatty acids from arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and EPA, while significantly increasing hydroxyl-linoleic acid levels. The contents of prostanoids and resolvins were reduced several-fold with baking. The inclusion of a coating on the salmon prior to baking reduced the loss of some MHFA but had no effect on prostanoid losses incurred by baking. Baking did not decrease n-3 PUFA contents, indicating that baking of salmon is an acceptable means of preparation that does not alter the potential health benefits of high n-3 seafood consumption. The extent to which the levels of MHFA, prostanoids, and resolvins in the raw or baked fish have physiologic consequence for humans needs to be determined.

  15. Sublethal effects in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to mixtures of copper, aluminium and gamma radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Heier, Lene Sørlie; Teien, Hans Christian; Oughton, Deborah; Tollefsen, Knut-Erik; Olsvik, Pål A.; Rosseland, Bjørn Olav; Lind, Ole Christian; Farmen, Eivind; Skipperud, Lindis; Salbu, Brit

    2013-01-01

    The present study was designed to investigate the effects in presmolt of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to copper (Cu), aluminium (Al) and gamma radiation, individually or in combination. Fish were exposed for 48 h to metals added to lake water; 10, 40 and 80 μg Cu/L, 250 μg Al/L and a combination of 40 μg Cu/L and 250 μg Al/L. In addition, gamma radiation (4–70 mGy delivered over 48 h) was added as an additional exposure stressor. Selected endpoints were chosen to reveal different toxic mechanisms and included Cu and Al accumulation on gills, blood chemistry and haematological variables (plasma sodium and chloride, haematocrit, glucose), hepatic levels of reduced and oxidised glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and hepatic transcriptional response of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), metallothionein (MT) and ubiquitin. Exposure to Cu alone resulted in gill accumulation of Cu, reduction of plasma ions and increased transcriptional response of GPx, MT and ubiquitin. Exposure to Al alone reduced plasma ion levels but did not affect any of the hepatic biomarkers except for ubiquitin. The combined metal exposure (Cu + Al) altered the GSH levels, however GPx and MT were not affected suggesting a different mode of detoxification in the combined exposure. Gamma radiation appeared to influence GSH and ubiquitin levels. The observed effects seemed to be both stressor and concentration dependent

  16. La superación del modelo del ángel del hogar:

    OpenAIRE

    Hurtado Muñoz, Mónica

    2013-01-01

    La Tesis Doctoral titulada "La superación del modelo del "ángel del hogar". Recuperación de la escritora Leonor Canalejas y Fustegueras (1869-1945)" aborda, en primer lugar, un análisis sociológico de las circunstancias que rodearon a la mujer española en el cambio de siglo en el ámbito social y educativo, en un intento de esclarecer las características propias del contexto en el que la mujer accede a la intelectualidad en general y a la literatura en particular. Esta parte concluye que la cr...

  17. Gill pathology in Scottish farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., associated with the microsporidian Desmozoon lepeophtherii Freeman et Sommerville, 2009.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matthews, C G G; Richards, R H; Shinn, A P; Cox, D I

    2013-10-01

    Gill disorders have emerged in recent years as a significant problem in the production of marine-stage Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. The multi-aetiological condition 'proliferative gill inflammation' (PGI) has been reported to cause heavy losses in western Norway, yet reports of Scottish cases of the disease have remained anecdotal. In the present study, histopathological material from a marine production site in the Scottish Highlands experiencing mortalities due to a seasonal gill disease with proliferative-type pathology was examined using light microscopy, special staining techniques and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microsporidian Desmozoon lepeophtherii Freeman et Sommerville, 2009 (syn. Paranucleospora theridion) was identified by staining using a Gram Twort method and TEM associated with distinctive proliferative and necrotic pathology confined to the interlamellar Malpighian cell areas of the primary filaments. Epitheliocystis was not a feature of the gill pathology observed. It is believed this is the first report of D. lepeophtherii being identified associated with pathology in a Scottish gill disease case, and supports anecdotal reports that a disease at least partly synonymous with PGI as described by Norwegian researchers is present in Scottish aquaculture. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  18. Dévalaison et survie d'alevins de saumon atlantique (Salmo salar L. en milieu semi-naturel contrôlé

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    BEALL E.

    1983-04-01

    Full Text Available Dans un chenal artificiel expérimental, des œufs de saumon atlantique (Salmo salar L. ont été pondus naturellement ou ont été enfouis au stade embryonné. A la fin de la résorption de la vésicule, une fraction importante des alevins survivants dévale de la zone de frayère. La dévalaison semble stimulée par des baisses de niveau ou des hausses de température et ralentie en période de pleine lune. D'autres facteurs pouvant être responsables de cette dévalaison sont discutés. La survie jusqu'à la collecte de tous les alevins est estimée à 74 p. 100 pour les sujets issus de la reproduction naturelle et est égale à 80 p. 100 pour ceux issus d'œufs introduits dans le gravier au stade embryonné. Des comparaisons entre ces résultats et ceux obtenus dans d'autres chenaux de fraie ou en milieu naturel montrent la validité de cette méthode pour la production d'alevins de saumon atlantique destinés au repeuplement.

  19. Amor, deseo y fantasía en El invitado de Carlos Arcos Cabrera

    OpenAIRE

    Anchante Arias, Jim

    2015-01-01

    El presente artículo es un análisis de la novela El invitado del escritor ecuatoriano Carlos Arcos Cabrera. Dicho análisis tiene como marco teórico el concepto lacaniano de fantasma, así como la noción de amor a partir de la propuesta ontológica de Alain Badiou. Se parte de la hipótesis de que en la mencionada novela, el matrimonio Felipe-Carmen configura una conflictiva relación que crea un discurso intrahistórico y otro histórico. Este último, teniendo como telón de fondo el conflicto de la...

  20. Amor, deseo y fantasía en El invitado de Carlos Arcos Cabrera

    OpenAIRE

    Anchante Arias, Jim

    2015-01-01

    El presente artículo es un análisis de la novela El invitado del escritor ecuatoriano Carlos Arcos Cabrera. Dicho análisis tiene como marco teórico el concepto lacaniano de fantasma, así como la noción de amor a partir de la propuesta ontológica de Alain Badiou. Se parte de la hipótesis de que en la mencionada novela, el matrimonio Felipe- Carmen configura una conflictiva relación que crea un discurso intrahistórico y otro histórico. Este último, teniendo como telón de fondo el conflicto de l...

  1. Violencia de Género:

    OpenAIRE

    García R., Carmen Teresa

    2005-01-01

    Violencia de Género: Saberes, Estrategias de Poder y Prácticas Sociales (García R., Carmen Teresa) Resumen La ponencia forma parte de la línea de investigación-acción Género y Violencia (del GiGeSex) que se abrió en apoyo al Programa de Prevención y Atención contra la Violencia Doméstica y Sexual de la Casa de las Mujeres de la ciudad de Mérida. La misma se sustenta, por una parte, en datos primarios extraídos de las historias de vida, casuística clínica y denuncias de v...

  2. La perversión de lo privado: violencia e incesto en Malas Juntas, Oxido de Carmen y Los vigilantes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicolás Román

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available En la dictadura, la irracionalidad y la violencia repercutieron en la construcción de la intimidad de los habitantes del país. El desarrollo de los mecanismos de persecución y ejecución de los disidentes atentó contra las formas de sociabilidad, generando una opacidad en las relaciones sociales. En distintos relatos se buscan los elementos que pervierten la construcción de la subjetividad y transforman la intimidad en dispositivos torcidos de la vida privada. A partir de José Leandro Urbina, Ana María del Río y Diamela Eltit se hará un análisis que liga la corrupción de los vínculos de parentesco y la distorsión de la casa como el refugio frente a las agresiones del régimen.

  3. Notas sobre la historia de las mujeres en la radio española

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marteles Marteles, Elvira

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available The origins of broadcasting in Spain are being studied. It started with the creation of Radio Ibérica that started broadcasting in 1924 and ceased its activity in 1927, after being acquired by its competitor Unión Radio, which after the Spanish Civil War and to date would be denominated and known as Sociedad Española de Radiodifusión (SER. La participation of women in broadcasting tasks is chronologically described, commencing with the work of the writer and journalist Teresa de Escoriaza and followed by radio speakers like María Sabater, sound technician María Ángeles García, actress actriz Carmen Seco, writers and journalists Josefina Carabias, Matilde Muñoz, Concha Espina y Luisa Alberca. The work ends with a summary of the beginnings of female advising magazines with the participation of María del Patrocinio Alba, Mercedes Fortuna, Julita Calleja, Petrita Tamayo and Mercedes Lastra.Se estudian los orígenes de la radiodifusión en España con la creación de Radio Ibérica que comienza a emitir en 1924 y cesa su actividad en 1927 con su adquisición por su rival Unión Radio, que tras la guerra civil y hasta nuestros días pasaría a denominarse Sociedad Española de Radiodifusión (SER. La participación de las mujeres en las tareas de la radio se describe cronológicamente, comenzando con la labor de la escritora y periodista Teresa de Escoriaza y siguiendo con locutoras como María Sabater, la técnica de sonido María Ángeles García, la actriz Carmen Seco, loas escritoras y periodistas Josefina Carabias, Matilde Muñoz, Concha Espina y Luisa Alberca. El trabajo finaliza con un resumen del inicio de la actividad de revistas consultorios femeninos con la participación de María del Patrocinio Alba, Mercedes Fortuna, Julita Calleja, Petrita Tamayo y Mercedes Lastra.

  4. Culturas del Mundo

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Benwell, Ann Fenger; Costa, Alberto; Waehle, Espen

    2006-01-01

    ’Culturas del mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca’ with Ann Fenger Benwell in Culturas del Mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca, ed. Silvia Sauquet, Fundación "la Caixa", Barcelona 2006, pp. 31-39......’Culturas del mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca’ with Ann Fenger Benwell in Culturas del Mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca, ed. Silvia Sauquet, Fundación "la Caixa", Barcelona 2006, pp. 31-39...

  5. Determinación del requerimiento hídrico del pimentón en el municipio de Candelaria, departamento del Valle del Cauca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Estrada Salazar Edgar Iván

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un ensayo con el fin de determinar el requerimiento hídrico del pimentón Capsicum annuum variedad Unapal-Serrano, en la zona de Candelaria-Valle del Cauca (Colombia. Se determinó que el pimentón requiere 425mm de agua durante su ciclo vegetativo, obteniendo una eficiencia del uso del agua de 5.32 kg/m3 de fruto fresco y de 0.5 kg/m3 en términos de materia seca. Además, se comprobó la eficiencia del microevaporímetro "MIEVHR" como herramienta para programación del riego y estudios hidrológicos.

  6. Las fluctuaciones del nivel del mar durante el Cuaternario

    OpenAIRE

    Pousa, Jorge Lorenzo; Isla, Federico Ignacio; Schnack, Enrique Jorge

    2002-01-01

    Los cambios del nivel del mar han ejercido una fuerte influencia en la evolución del planeta y en la historia de la humanidad. En una escala de tiempo geológico, las variaciones de los niveles oceánicos han dejado un registro ampliamente distribuido en la forma de depósitos sedimentarios. El descenso del nivel del mar durante la Ultima Glaciación, que alcanzó unos 120 metros hace 18.000 años, permitió la emergencia del estrecho de Bering y la migración humana desde Eurasia hacia América. Se e...

  7. The effects of swimming exercise and dissolved oxygen on growth performance, fin condition and precocious maturation of early-rearing Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

    Science.gov (United States)

    Waldrop, Thomas; Summerfelt, Steven T.; Mazik, Patricia M.; Good, Christopher

    2018-01-01

    Swimming exercise, typically measured in body-lengths per second (BL/s), and dissolved oxygen (DO), are important environmental variables in fish culture. While there is an obvious physiological association between these two parameters, their interaction has not been adequately studied in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Because exercise and DO are variables that can be easily manipulated in modern aquaculture systems, we sought to assess the impact of these parameters, alone and in combination, on the performance, health and welfare of juvenile Atlantic salmon. In our study, Atlantic salmon fry were stocked into 12 circular 0.5 m3 tanks in a flow-through system and exposed to either high (1.5–2 BL/s) or low (exercise and DO concentration on growth, feed conversion, survival and fin condition. By study's end, both increased swimming speed and higher DO were independently associated with a statistically significant increase in growth performance (p exercise and dissolved oxygen at saturation during Atlantic salmon early rearing can result in improved growth performance and a lower incidence of precocious parr.

  8. EFECTO DEL SILICIO Y PLAGUICIDAS EN LA FERTILIDAD DEL SUELO Y RENDIMIENTO DEL ARROZ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Parm\\u00E9nides Furcal-Beriguete

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de enfermedades y plagas insectiles, el rendimiento y la calidad de granos del cultivo de arroz. El estudio se realizó en La Vega, Florencia, San Carlos, Costa Rica entre mayo y octubre en los años 2010 y 2011, en el mismo lote con la variedad CR 4477. Se establecieron cinco tratamientos: silicio al suelo, silicio al suelo más plaguicidas (alternativas químicas, silicio foliar, silicio foliar más plaguicidas y testigo comercial. Como fuente se utilizaron si- licio en polvo al 70% de SiO2, aplicado quince días antes de siembra en dosis de 100 kg SiO2/ha, y líquido concentrado 40% SiO2 y 36% MgO, aplicado al follaje en dosis de 4 l/ha a los 17 y 30 días después de la siembra. El suelo del orden inceptisol de formación aluvial, al inicio del experimento tenía pH 4,9, valores de P y Si disponibles de 29 ppm y 44,7 ppm, respectivamente, acidez intercambiable 1,2 cmol(+/l y suma de bases 19,11 cmol(+/l. No hubo diferencia estadística significativa del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades, y en la calidad molinera; sin embargo, la combinación del silicio aplicado al suelo y el uso de plaguicidas incrementaron el contenido de zinc y cobre en el suelo, y del zinc y magnesio en las hojas de arroz, pero este efecto no se tradujo en rendimiento y calidad de granos. La aplicación de plaguicidas influyó positivamente en el peso y rendimiento del arroz en granza (p≤0,05.

  9. Intestinal Fluid Permeability in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L. Is Affected by Dietary Protein Source.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Haibin Hu

    Full Text Available In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L., and also in other fish species, certain plant protein ingredients can increase fecal water content creating a diarrhea-like condition which may impair gut function and reduce fish growth. The present study aimed to strengthen understanding of the underlying mechanisms by observing effects of various alternative plant protein sources when replacing fish meal on expression of genes encoding proteins playing key roles in regulation of water transport across the mucosa of the distal intestine (DI. A 48-day feeding trial was conducted with five diets: A reference diet (FM in which fish meal (72% was the only protein source; Diet SBMWG with a mix of soybean meal (30% and wheat gluten (22%; Diet SPCPM with a mix of soy protein concentrate (30% and poultry meal (6%; Diet GMWG with guar meal (30% and wheat gluten (14.5%; Diet PM with 58% poultry meal. Compared to fish fed the FM reference diet, fish fed the soybean meal containing diet (SBMWG showed signs of enteritis in the DI, increased fecal water content of DI chyme and higher plasma osmolality. Altered DI expression of a battery of genes encoding aquaporins, ion transporters, tight junction and adherens junction proteins suggested reduced transcellular transport of water as well as a tightening of the junction barrier in fish fed the SBMWG diet, which may explain the observed higher fecal water content and plasma osmolality. DI structure was not altered for fish fed the other experimental diets but alterations in target gene expression and fecal water content were observed, indicating that alterations in water transport components may take place without clear effects on intestinal structure.

  10. Catàleg dels Miridae (Heteroptera) del Massís del Garraf

    OpenAIRE

    Goula Goula, Marta

    1989-01-01

    Per a la redacció d'aquest catàleg, s'aporten dades d'observació pròpia al llarg dels anys 1980-1984, així com les troballes publicades per CUNI (1889a,1889b,1889c,1891) i per RIBES (1978a,1978b,1980,1984). Totes aquestes observacions s'han fet en localitats del Massis del Garraf, que será objecte d'una curta descripció.

  11. La Orden de Medidas Provisionales del Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar en el caso del buque de guerra ARA Libertad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martin Cabrera Mirassou

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente comentario tiene por finalidad describir la reciente orden de medidas provisionales emitida por el Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar en el caso relativo a la detención de la Fragata ARA Libertad. La controversia contiene un complejo trasfondo político, económico y jurídico, en el cual se destaca el alcance de la inmunidad de los buques de guerra, el funcionamiento del sistema de solución de controversias de la Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre Derecho del Mar y, en particular, la competencia del Tribunal. Con la finalidad de lograr un entendimiento más profundo de su jurisprudencia se abordan los principales aspectos que permitan comprender el valor de la decisión para los actores del régimen de los océanos.

  12. Funciones del estilo personal del terapeuta en profesionales del campo de las adicciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leandro Casari

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Comparar el estilo personal del terapeuta entre dos grupos de profesionales, uno dedicado a la atención de pacientes drogodependientes (grupo adicciones y otro a la atención clínica en general (grupo clínico. Método. La muestra estuvo formada por 100 psicoterapeutas que trabajan en instituciones públicas y privadas de tres provincias del interior de Argentina, pareados por las variables socioprofesionales (sexo, edad, años de experiencia profesional, enfoque teórico, grupo etario de trabajo, tipo de abordaje predominante, duración del tratamiento y grado de especialización. El instrumento empleado fue el Cuestionario de Estilo Personal del Terapeuta. Resultados. Para el análisis de datos se emplearon pruebas de comparación de medias y se analizó su tamaño del efecto. Se obtuvieron diferencias signifi cativas en la función expresiva: grupo clínico (M = 40.36 y grupo adicciones (M = 29.86; así como también en la función instruccional: grupo clínico (M = 28.01 y grupo adicciones (M = 32.67. Esto indica una mayor distancia emocional y un incremento en la rigidez del encuadre terapéutico en los terapeutas de pacientes adictos. Conclusión. Se discuten estos resultados en función de postulados previos que señalan la complejidad del vínculo terapéutico y el énfasis en las características del encuadre terapéutico, tal como la puesta de límites.

  13. PROCESAMIENTO POST-COSECHA DE GRANOS DE QUINOA (CHENOPODIUM QUINOA, CHENOPODIACEAE EN EL PERÍODO PREHISPÁNICO TARDÍO EN EL NORTE DE LÍPEZ (POTOSÍ, BOLIVIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Laura López

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available A partir del estudio etnoarqueológico del tratamiento post-cosecha de granos de quinoa entre los habitantes del altiplano de Lípez (Potosí, Bolivia, se describen algunos rasgos diagnósticos de cada actividad y forma de procesamiento observables en los granos desecados. El potencial de estas observaciones para investigar las antiguas prácticas de procesamiento y consumo de este pseudocereal es ilustrado mediante el análisis de granos recuperados en cuatro sitios arqueológicos cercanos al Salar de Uyuni. Las quinoas examinadas se encontraban en distintas etapas de procesamiento; algunas no habían sido aún desaponificadas, por lo que inferimos que habían sido almacenadas inmediatamente después de la cosecha, mientras que otras muestras exhibían rastros de desaponificación comparables a los observados en contextos actuales, sugiriendo su preparación para distintos modos de consumo.

  14. Calidad del servicio de taxis del municipio Maracaibo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joheni A. Urdaneta G.

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la calidad del servicio de los taxis en el municipio Maracaibo, ya que los mismos forman parte del sistema de transporte urbano de la ciudad, y es un servicio público fundamental para la convivencia de la sociedad; para lograr este objetivo se realizó una adaptación del modelo SERVPERF, diseñando un instrumento tipo cuestionario, con 32 ítems en 6 dimensiones, adecuado a las características propias del servicio de taxi, con la finalidad de confirmar que los ítems de los instrumentos se correspondían con las dimensiones adaptadas se aplicó la técnica de análisis factorial resultando un nuevo instrumento con 24 ítems en 3 dimensiones. Se utilizó la escala de Likert con tres (3 alternativas de respuesta. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva y aplicada, bajo diseño no experimental de tipo transeccional descriptiva y de campo. La población quedó conformada por los usuarios de las líneas de taxis del municipio Maracaibo. Se aplicó muestreo aleatorio por conglomerado. La confiabilidad del instrumento se midió a través del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach resultando de 0,82 lo cual se considera aceptable. Los resultados revelan que la calidad del servicio de taxis del municipio Maracaibo es mediana por lo tanto este servicio es susceptible a mejoras, las cuales son necesarias para elevar la calidad de vida de los marabinos. Este resultado se obtuvo con el instrumento originalmente adaptado de 32 ítems y con el cuestionario resultante del análisis factorial, de 24 ítems; esto confirma lo apropiado de esta técnica, ya que se redujo el número de ítems y de las dimensiones originalmente adaptadas y no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los resultados con ambos instrumentos; de esta manera se puede medir la calidad del servicio de taxis en el municipio Maracaibo a través de las dimensiones: confiabilidad del servicio, socialización y responsabilidad.

  15. En busca del concepto de gerencia del cuidado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ligia Teresa Mora-Delgado

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Este articulo, presenta los conceptos de gerencia del cuidado de enfermería, desarrollado por las enfermeras profesionales que laboran en le Empresa social del estado Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz de las Ciudad de Cúcuta, desde su desempeño en la asistencia, administración y docencia. Se pretende además precisar los elementos gerenciales, sociales, humanísticos y éticos que deben hacer parte del concepto de gerencia del cuidado.

  16. Ruptura del projecte parental i disposició dels preembrions

    OpenAIRE

    Farnós Amorós, Esther

    2010-01-01

    La tesi doctoral "Ruptura del projecte parental i disposició dels preembrions" analitza els efectes del consentiment a les tècniques de reproducció assistida prestat en el marc d'un projecte parental. La tesi ofereix una resposta als conflictes que enfronten exesposos o exconvivents en relació al destí dels preembrions sobrants d'un cicle de fecundació "in vitro" iniciat durant la relació. Aquests conflictes constitueixen un grup de casos al voltant del qual no hi ha solucions legislatives qu...

  17. Determinantes del ingreso y del gasto corriente de los hogares

    OpenAIRE

    Muñoz C., Manuel

    2004-01-01

    Este ensayo de investigación empírica analiza los determinantes del ingreso y del gasto en los hogares colombianos. Utilizando un modelo del ciclo de vida con datos de la encuesta de hogares de 1994 y 1995, muestra que el comportamiento del ingreso está afectado principalmente por las características demográficas del hogar y los rasgos socio ocupacionales de sus miembros. El comportamiento del gasto está determinado ante todo por el ingreso y, en menor medida, por las características sociales...

  18. Gestión del riesgo del cambio (segunda parte)

    OpenAIRE

    Zorrilla Salgador, Juan Pablo

    2004-01-01

    Segunda parte del artículo acerca del uso de futuros sobre el tipo de cambio. Esta continuación abarca estrategias, definiciones, metodología y explicaciones sobre todo lo relacionado con el Ratio de cobertura de los futuros y la aparición del riesgo base.Segunda parte del artículo acerca del uso de futuros sobre el tipo de cambio. Esta continuación abarca estrategias, definiciones, metodología y explicaciones sobre todo lo relacionado con el Ratio de cobertura de los futuros y la aparición d...

  19. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. are broadly susceptible to isolates representing the North American genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kurath, Gael; Winton, James R.; Dale, Ole B.; Purcell, Maureen K.; Falk, Knut; Busch, Robert D.

    2016-01-01

    Beginning in 1992, three epidemic waves of infectious hematopoietic necrosis, often with high mortality, occurred in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. on the west coast of North America. We compared the virulence of eleven strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), representing the U, M and L genogroups, in experimental challenges of juvenile Atlantic salmon in freshwater. All strains caused mortality and there was wide variation within genogroups: cumulative mortality for five U-group strains ranged from 20 to 100%, four M-group strains ranged 30-63% and two L-group strains varied from 41 to 81%. Thus, unlike Pacific salmonids, there was no apparent correlation of virulence in a particular host species with virus genogroup. The mortality patterns indicated two different phenotypes in terms of kinetics of disease progression and final per cent mortality, with nine strains having moderate virulence and two strains (from the U and L genogroups) having high virulence. These phenotypes were investigated by histopathology and immunohistochemistry to describe the variation in the course of IHNV disease in Atlantic salmon. The results from this study demonstrate that IHNV may become a major threat to farmed Atlantic salmon in other regions of the world where the virus has been, or may be, introduced.

  20. Variation in wind and piscivorous predator fields affecting the survival of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in the Gulf of Maine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Friedland, K.D.; Manning, J.P.; Link, Jason S.; Gilbert, J.R.; Gilbert, A.T.; O'Connell, A.F.

    2012-01-01

    Observations relevant to the North American stock complex of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., suggest that marine mortality is influenced by variation in predation pressure affecting post-smolts during the first months at sea. This hypothesis was tested for Gulf of Maine (GOM) stocks by examining wind pseudostress and the distribution of piscivorous predator fields potentially affecting post-smolts. Marine survival has declined over recent decades with a change in the direction of spring winds, which is likely extending the migration of post-smolts by favouring routes using the western GOM. In addition to changes in spring wind patterns, higher spring sea surface temperatures have been associated with shifting distributions of a range of fish species. The abundance of several pelagic piscivores, which based on their feeding habits may predate on salmon post-smolts, has increased in the areas that serve as migration corridors for post-smolts. In particular, populations of silver hake, Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchell), red hake, Urophycis chuss (Walbaum), and spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias L., increased in size in the portion of the GOM used by post-smolts. Climate variation and shifting predator distributions in the GOM are consistent with the predator hypothesis of recruitment control suggested for the stock complex.

  1. HACIA UNA CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN DEL LEGADO DEL TRADUCTOR

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    María Constanza Guzmán

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo se propone investigar el aporte de perspectivas traductológicas para el estudio de la figura del traductor y su legado. Se centra en enfoques teóricos contemporáneos, principalmente aquellos basados en perspectivas postestructuralistas, que consideran el papel del sujeto traductor como un aspecto crucial en la traducción y los estudios literarios, y proponen maneras interesantes de abordarlo. A lo largo del artículo se cuestionan nociones como la idea de un original sacralizado, la relación entre autoría y propiedad, el ideal del significado transparente, y la tensión entre la traducción y la escritura del "original". Se presta especial atención a la importancia de ubicar históricamente la práctica del traductor, reconocer su papel como agente visible, y conceptualizar la traducción como una forma de escritura que se desarrolla en medio de complejas interacciones y negociaciones.

  2. HACIA UNA CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN DEL LEGADO DEL TRADUCTOR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Constanza Guzmán

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo se propone investigar el aporte de perspectivas traductológicas para el estudio de la figura del traductor y su legado. Se centra en enfoques teóricos contemporáneos, principalmente aquellos basados en perspectivas postestructuralistas, que consideran el papel del sujeto traductor como un aspecto crucial en la traducción y los estudios literarios, y proponen maneras interesantes de abordarlo. A lo largo del artículo se cuestionan nociones como la idea de un original sacralizado, la relación entre autoría y propiedad, el ideal del significado transparente, y la tensión entre la traducción y la escritura del "original". Se presta especial atención a la importancia de ubicar históricamente la práctica del traductor, reconocer su papel como agente visible, y conceptualizar la traducción como una forma de escritura que se desarrolla en medio de complejas interacciones y negociaciones.

  3. Componente Cultura del Agua del PMGRH: plan de trabajo

    OpenAIRE

    Autoridad Nacional del Agua; Proyecto de Modernización de la Gestión de Recursos Hídricos

    2012-01-01

    Describe el plan de trabajo del Componente Cultura del Agua del Proyecto de Modernización de la Gestión de Recursos Hídricos (PMGRH) en relacion a dos aspectos estructurales del proyecto: 1. Mejora de la capacidad de la Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos (GIRH) a nivel nacional y 2. Fortalecimiento de las capacidades de GIRH en las cuencas.

  4. Detection of emamectin benzoate tolerance emergence in different life stages of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jones, P G; Hammell, K L; Gettinby, G; Revie, C W

    2013-03-01

    Emamectin benzoate has been used to treat sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, infestations on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Recent evidence suggests a reduction in effectiveness in some locations. A major challenge in the detection of tolerance emergence can be the typically low proportion of resistant individuals in a population during the early phases. The objectives of this study were to develop a method for determining differences in temporal development of tolerance between sea lice life stages and to explore how these differences might be used to improve the monitoring of treatment effectiveness in a clinical setting. This study examined two data sets based on records of sea lice abundance following emamectin benzoate treatments from the west coast of Scotland (2002-2006) and from New Brunswick, Canada (2004-2008). Life stages were categorized into two groups (adult females and the remaining mobile stages) to examine the trends in mean abundance and treatment effectiveness. Differences in emamectin benzoate effectiveness were found between the two groups by year and location, suggesting that an important part of monitoring drug resistance development in aquatic ectoparasites may be the need to focus on key life stages. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  5. Associations between piscine reovirus infection and life history traits in wild-caught Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in Norway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Garseth, Ase Helen; Biering, Eirik; Aunsmo, Arnfinn

    2013-10-01

    Piscine Reovirus (PRV), the putative causative agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), is widely distributed in both farmed and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway. While HSMI is a common and commercially important disease in farmed Atlantic salmon, the presence of PRV has so far not been associated with HSMI related lesions in wild salmon. Factors associated with PRV-infection were investigated in returning Atlantic salmon captured in Norwegian rivers. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model confirmed clustering within rivers and demonstrated that PRV-infection is associated with life-history, sex, catch-year and body length as a proxy for sea-age. Escaped farmed salmon (odds ratio/OR: 7.32, p<0.001) and hatchery-reared salmon (OR: 1.69 p=0.073) have higher odds of being PRV-infected than wild Atlantic salmon. Male salmon have double odds of being PRV infected compared to female salmon (OR: 2.11, p<0.001). Odds of being PRV-infected increased with body-length measured as decimetres (OR: 1.20, p=0.004). Since body length and sea-age are correlated (r=0.85 p<0.001), body length serves as a proxy for sea-age, meaning that spending more years in sea increases the odds of being PRV-infected. Copyright © 2013 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. Determinantes del ingreso y del gasto corriente de los hogares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muñoz C., Manuel

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available Este ensayo de investigación empírica analiza los determinantes del ingreso y del gasto en los hogares colombianos. Utilizando un modelo del ciclo de vida con datos de la encuesta de hogares de 1994 y 1995, muestra que el comportamiento del ingreso está afectado principalmente por las características demográficas del hogar y los rasgos socio ocupacionales de sus miembros. El comportamiento del gasto está determinado ante todo por el ingreso y, en menor medida, por las características sociales del hogar y el gasto de otros hogares con características similares. También examina la influencia de la incertidumbre acerca de los ingresos en el gasto de los hogares para comprobar si estos actúan con motivos de precaución.

  7. Skills, Exports, and the Wages of Seven Million Latin American Workers

    OpenAIRE

    Irene Brambilla; Rafael Dix Carneiro; Daniel Lederman; Guido Porto

    2011-01-01

    Los retornos a la educación y el skill premium son parámetros fundamentales en diversos campos y en debates políticos, incluyendo la literatura sobre la globalización y la desigualdad, la migración internacional y el cambio tecnológico. Este artículo explora el skill premium y su correlación con las exportaciones en América Latina, vinculando así el rendimiento de la educación a la literatura emergente sobre la estructura del comercio y el desarrollo. Utilizando los datos sobre empleo y salar...

  8. Análisis del "Curso sobre la Evolución del Pensamiento Juslaboralista" del Profesor Emérito Héctor-Hugo Barbagelata (El espejo retrovisor del Derecho del Trabajo y los Principios del Dr. H. H. Barbagelata

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helios Sarthou

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Los que sabíamos que el profesor Emérito de “Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social" Dr. Hector Hugo Barbagelata, tenía en preparación un libro sobre Evolución del pensamiento Juslaboralista –de algún modo en la senda del Curso que había fundado en nuestra Facultad de Derecho- lo considerábamos de altísima importancia, no sólo en el plano técnico-jurídico, sino también por las implicancias históricas, sociales y políticas que la temática implicaba.- Y esto es así en esta época, en que el pensamiento neoliberal no obstante el camino ya recorrido, continúa buscando incidir en el Derecho del Trabajo, recurriendo a excusas para el retorno al Derecho Civil, o para alcanzar la flexibilidad con mengua del respeto a los principios de tuitividad y justicia social que debe garantizar el Derecho del Trabajo o, en otros casos directamente promoviendo la irrelevancia técnica de la disciplina en beneficio del Derecho Civil o del Derecho Procesal, en su caso.-

  9. Regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels in the gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar during smoltification

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MAZURAIS D.

    1998-07-01

    Full Text Available The regulation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR transcript was investigated in the gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar during the parr-smolt transformation. Sampling of parr and smolt fish was performed between December and July and in particular during the smoltification period occurring in spring. Quantification of GR transcripts revealed differences between the two groups in March and at the beginning of April. During these dates, the amounts of GR mRNA in parr gills were respectively three and two fold lower than those measured in smolts. In order to determine which factors are responsible for these differences, we studied the long-term effects of prolactin and Cortisol treatments on GR transcript in the gills of presmolt fish. The plasma levels of these two hormones respectively drop and rise during smoltification. Contrary to Cortisol long-term treatment which did not modify the amount of gill GR transcript, short-term treatment induced a significant decrease within 12 hours. Prolactin long-term treatment caused a significant increase of GR transcript abundance after 13 days of implant treatment. This result is unexpected with regard to those obtained in the smoltification analysis but is in agreement with previous studies performed in mammary gland revealing a positive control of PRL on GR in epithelial cells. Our data suggest that the regulation of the GR transcript during the parr-smolt transformation probably involves several hormonal factors.

  10. RASGOS GEOGRÁFICOS DEL VALLE DEL RIO AGRIO INFERIOR.

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    Celia Torren

    1993-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo es una síntesis del trabajo "Rasgos Geográficos del Valle del Río Agrio Inferior, el cual es un estudio de base para el conocimiento de la geografía de la región: - apoyando el esfuerzo que está realizando la población del área para lograr una identidad propia y una definitiva integración al contexto provincial; - aportando al proyecto "Rescate Arqueológico en Quili Malal, Neuquén" (subsidiado por CONICET y UNESCO, cuya dirección está a cargo de la profesora Susana Rodríguez de la U.N.C., a través de la confección del mapa geomorfológico del área; y - contribuyendo a los estudios que resultan necesarios ante la construcción de una obra hidroeléctrica de la magnitud de "El Chihuido I", emprendimiento que será llevado a cabo por Agua y Energía eléctrica de la Nación. Los límites del área estudiada fueron establecidos teniendo en cuenta el área del valle inferior del Río Agrio que será completamente inundada por el futuro embalse de la represa "El Chihuido I", a emplazarse 5,5 Km aguas abajo de la confluencia de los ríos Agrio y Neuquén. Además de esta área de afectación directa se tomó también una zona de perilago estrechamente vinculada a la anterior. De esta manera los límites este y oeste quedaron establecidos por la confluencia de los ríos antes mencionados y la localidad de Bajada del Agrio, respectivamente.

  11. Memòries del santuari del Mont (final s. XVIII-1953)

    OpenAIRE

    Gifre i Ribas, Pere; Puig Pla, Santi; Tremoleda Trilla, Joaquim

    2011-01-01

    Transcripció del text inèdit de memòries del santuari del Mont. El text va ser escrit, bàsicament, pels preveres custodis i administradors del santuari. Es recull, primerament, els costums litúrgics de la parròquia de Sous, a la manera de les consuetes. A partir de 1791 s’anoten els fets més importants, a parer del custodi administrador, ocorreguts al santuari: obres de reforma i restauració del santuari i les seves dependències, adquisicions de mobiliari i parament de la casa, donacions al s...

  12. Más allá del telar: el mundo del trabajo femenino en la Asturias del siglo XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Suárez Álvarez

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available En el Siglo de la Razón proliferaron los tratados dónde, por primera vez en la historia, se ponía de relieve la necesidad de educar de forma conveniente a las mujeres. Sin embargo, a pesar del reconocimiento que los Ilustrados otorgaron al sexo femenino, siguieron relegando a éstas a las paredes del hogar, exhortándoles a quedarse fuera del mundo del trabajo extra-doméstico, reservado sólo para los hombres de la familia. No obstante, la necesidad obligaba, y cuando los recursos u hombres de una casa escaseaban, la mujer tenía que salir a buscarse el sustento. Este es el caso de cientos de mujeres del Principado de Asturias, dónde, a mediados del siglo XVIII, la realidad femenina difería de lo que lo que se consideraba ideal. Este trabajo arrojará pues luz, en un campo hasta ahora desconocido: el del mundo profesional de las mujeres asturianas del Setecientos, dónde comprobaremos cómo en ocasiones llegaban a adquirir, gracias a su status profesional, papeles relevantes dentro de la sociedad.

  13. Skeletal muscle protease activities in the early growth and development of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lysenko, Liudmila A; Kantserova, Nadezda P; Kaivarainen, Elena I; Krupnova, Marina Yu; Nemova, Nina N

    2017-09-01

    Growth-related dynamics of intracellular protease activities in four year classes of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L. 1758) parr and smolts inhabiting salmon rivers of northwestern Russia (the White Sea basin) were studied. Cathepsin B, cathepsin D, proteasome, and calpain activities in the skeletal muscles of salmon were assessed to investigate their relative contribution to the total protein degradation as well as to young fish growth process. It was confirmed that calpain activity dominates in salmon muscles while proteasome plays a minor role, in contrast to terrestrial vertebrates. Calpain and proteasome activities were maximal at the early post-larval stage (in parrs 0+) and declined with age (parrs 1+ through 2+) dropping to the lowest level in salmon smolts. Annual growth increments and proteolytic activities of calpains and proteasome in the muscles of salmon juveniles changed with age in an orchestrated manner, while lysosomal cathepsin activities increased with age. Comparing protease activities and growth increments in salmon parr and smolts we suggested that the partial suppression of the protein degradation could be a mechanism stimulating efficient growth in smoltifying salmon. Growth and smoltification-related dynamics of protease activities was quite similar in salmon populations from studied spawning rivers, such as Varzuga and Indera; however, some habitat-related differences were observed. Growth increments and protease activities varied in salmon parr 0+ (but not on later ages) inhabiting either main rivers or small tributaries apparently due to habitat difference on the resources for fish growth. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Assessing the sensitivity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to dietary endosulfan exposure using tissue biochemistry and histology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Glover, Chris N.; Petri, Dietrich; Tollefsen, Knut-Erik; Jorum, Nanne; Handy, Richard D.; Berntssen, Marc H.G.

    2007-01-01

    The incorporation of plant-based ingredients, and the possible carry-over of pesticides such as endosulfan, in fish feeds may present new toxicological challenges to aquacultural species. Biological responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to a 35-day dietary endosulfan exposure at levels ranging from 4 to 710 μg kg -1 were assessed using tissue histology and biochemistry. Liver 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deacetylase (EROD) activity was significantly elevated in the highest exposure group (710 μg kg -1 ) by day 35. Other hepatic indicators of stress impacts and responses (glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities and hepatic α-tocopherol content) remained unchanged. Branchial Na + , K + -ATPase activity was significantly reduced at day 14 in the highest exposure group, but returned to control levels by day 35. Conversely, intestinal Na + , K + -ATPase activity was significantly inhibited at day 35, but again only at the highest exposure level. In contrast to the biochemical results, hepatic and intestinal histology revealed effects of exposure even at the lowest dose tested (4 μg kg -1 ). In the posterior intestine, pathology was characterised by vacuolation and fusion of villi, and in the most severe cases, loss of epithelial integrity in villi tips. In the liver the primary effects were glycogen depletion and lipidosis. These changes were typical of a generalised stress response. While histology endpoints may prove to be the most sensitive indicators of dietary endosulfan exposure, the organismal relevance of these structural changes must be considered in the absence of effects in other biomarkers at dietary levels less than 710 μg kg -1

  15. Examen del fenómeno del turismo contemporáneo y la Competitividad en la Frontera del Conocimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Mario Amaya Molinar

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A partir del inicio del presente siglo, el estudio de la competitividad turística es un tema que ha llamado la atención tanto de académicos del área como de organizaciones públicas y privadas de diversas categorías, con la expectativa de que su comprensión permita a países y destinos turísticos obtener ventajas en captación de visitantes, ingresos y sostenibilidad de su operación turística, de cara a la intensa contienda internacional por la preferencia del turista. El presente trabajo se deriva de la discusión que tuvo lugar en el Panel Competitividad y Turismo, en el marco de la 5ª Cátedra Patrimonial en Turismo Sergio Molina-Estrategias del Turismo en la Frontera del Conocimiento, organizado por el Departamento de Ciencias Administrativas del Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Administración de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, efectuado en el mes de abril del año 2013. Para este fin, se analizaron un conjunto de trabajos académicos e institucionales, a fin de identificar sus marcos de referencia, definiciones y modelos teóricos, con la perspectiva de obtener una visión panorámica del estado del arte en la materia.

  16. Biochemical and Physiological Responses in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Following Dietary Exposure to Copper and Cadmium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lundebye, A.-K.; Berntssen, M.H.G.; Bonga, S.E.Wendelaar; Maage, A.

    1999-01-01

    Three experiments were conducted with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to assess the effects of dietary exposure to copper and cadmium. The results presented here provide an overview, details of each experiment will be published in full elsewhere. In the first experiment, salmon parr exposed for four weeks to 35 and 700 mg Cu kg -1 diet had significantly elevated intestinal copper concentrations, cell proliferation (PCNA) and apoptosis rates compared to control fish. No differences were observed in gill or plasma copper concentrations among the groups. In contrast to the controls, the Cu exposed groups did not grow significantly during the exposure period. The second experiment (three months exposure) was conducted to assess the effects of dietary copper (control, 35, 500, 700, 900 or 1750 mg Cu kg -1 diet) on growth and feed utilization in salmon fingerlings. Growth was significantly reduced after three months exposure to dietary Cu concentrations above 500 mg kg -1 . Similarly, copper body burdens were significantly higher in fish exposed to elevated dietary copper concentrations (above 35 mg Cu kg -1 diet). In the third experiment, salmon parr were exposed to one of six dietary cadmium concentrations (0, 0.5, 5, 25, 125 or 250 mg Cd kg -1 diet) for four months. Cadmium accumulated in the liver>intestine>gills of exposed fish. Rates of apoptosis and cell proliferation in the intestine increased following exposure to dietary cadmium. Exposure to elevated concentrations of dietary cadmium had no effect on growth in salmon parr. Results from these studies indicate that cellular biomarkers have potential as early warning signs of negative effects on the overall fitness of an organism

  17. Fractura triple del complejo suspensorio del hombro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eraclio Delgado Rifá

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available El complejo suspensorio del hombro es una estructura sumamente importante, compuesta por un anillo de huesos y tejidos blandos. Las lesiones aisladas de este complejo anatómico son frecuentes y no afectan su estabilidad. La interrupción doble conduce a la inestabilidad de esta estructura y usualmente requiere tratamiento quirúrgico. La triple interrupción, por su parte, es sumamente rara y es encontrada en casos de trauma de alta energía a menudo en asociación con otras lesiones. Se presenta una triple lesión del complejo suspensorio del hombro en un paciente de 46 años de edad, con una fractura de la glenoides, del acromion tipo III de Kuhn y de la coracoides tipo II de Ogawa. En este caso, la fractura del acromion fue tratada con fijación percutánea con alambres de Kirschner, por tener asociado lesiones de partes blandas que contraindicaron la reducción abierta. La fractura de la glenoides y de la apófisis coracoides fueron tratadas conservadoramente. Después de 6 meses de evolución, el paciente tuvo un resultado funcional aceptable, con una abducción de 90 grados, los 30 grados de rotación externa y 70 de rotación interna, además asintomático y consolidación de todas las fracturas. A pesar de ser catalogada de una lesión grave del cinturón escapular y estar asociada a otras lesiones se obtuvo un resultado satisfactorio al final del tratamiento.

  18. OBJETIVO DEL DESARROLLO DEL MILENIO 7

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita M. Pérez O.

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, también conocidos como los Objetivos del Milenio, constituyeron las metas finales que aprobaron los dirigentes mundiales, 189 jefes de estado y de gobierno en la Cumbre del Milenio de las Naciones Unidas celebrada en Nueva York en el año 2000, en la cual los Estados miembros de la organización reafirmaron su compromiso de luchar por un mundo en el que el desarrollo sostenible y la eliminación de la pobreza tuvieran máxima prioridad1 . En la cumbre se definió la Declaración del Milenio, la cual detalla los objetivos, principios, valores, metas y acciones para erradicar la pobreza Mundial hacia el año 2015, todos ellos ratificados con alto interés y acción estratégica de carácter global, como marco para la medición de los progresos en materia de desarrollo.

  19. Comparison of sperm motility subpopulation structure among wild anadromous and farmed male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr using a CASA system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Caldeira, Carina; García-Molina, Almudena; Valverde, Anthony; Bompart, Daznia; Hassane, Megan; Martin, Patrick; Soler, Carles

    2018-04-13

    Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an endangered freshwater species that needs help to recover its wild stocks. However, the priority in aquaculture is to obtain successful fertilisation and genetic variability to secure the revival of the species. The aims of the present work were to study sperm subpopulation structure and motility patterns in wild anadromous males and farmed male Atlantic salmon parr. Salmon sperm samples were collected from wild anadromous salmon (WS) and two generations of farmed parr males. Sperm samples were collected from sexually mature males and sperm motility was analysed at different times after activation (5 and 35s). Differences among the three groups were analysed using statistical techniques based on Cluster analysis the Bayesian method. Atlantic salmon were found to have three sperm subpopulations, and the spermatozoa in ejaculates of mature farmed parr males had a higher velocity and larger size than those of WS males. This could be an adaptation to high sperm competition because salmonid species are naturally adapted to this process. Motility analysis enables us to identify sperm subpopulations, and it may be useful to correlate these sperm subpopulations with fertilisation ability to test whether faster-swimming spermatozoa have a higher probability of success.

  20. Selective precipitation reaction: a novel diagnostic test for tissue pathology in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, infected with salmonid alphavirus (SAV3).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Braceland, M; Tinsley, J; Cockerill, D; Bickerdike, R; McLoughlin, M F; Eckersall, P D

    2017-08-01

    While investigating biomarkers for infection with salmonid alphavirus (SAV), the cause of pancreas disease (PD), a selective precipitation reaction (SPR) has been discovered in serum which could be an on-farm qualitative test and an in-laboratory quantitative assay for health assessments in aquaculture. Mixing serum from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, with SAV infection with a sodium acetate buffer caused a visible precipitation which does not occur with serum from healthy salmon. Proteomic examination of the precipitate has revealed that the components are a mix of muscle proteins, for example enolase and aldolase, along with serum protein such as serotransferrin and complement C9. The assay has been optimized for molarity, pH, temperature and wavelength so that the precipitation can be measured as the change in optical density at 340 nm (Δ 340 ). Application of the SPR assay to serum samples from a cohabitation trial of SAV infection in salmon showed that the Δ 340 in infected fish rose from undetectable to a maximum at 6 weeks post-infection correlating with histopathological score of pancreas, heart and muscle damage. This test may have a valuable role to play in the diagnostic evaluation of stock health in salmon. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Fish Diseases Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  1. Estrategias del Teatro del Oprimido para la formación permanente del profesorado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomás Motos-Teruel

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo relata una experiencia y su valoración de formación permanente del profesorado basada en el aprendizaje vivencial utilizando como estrategia metodológica el Teatro del Oprimido (TO para estimular y favorecer la reflexión sobre la práctica educativa. Sus objetivos básicos fueron dar a conocer la formulación teórica y la metodología del TO y hacer la transferencia de las estrategias metodológicas vivenciadas a la práctica docente. El estudio se ha planteado desde una óptica cualitativa con el estudio de caso único. Y como resultados más destacables hay que reseñar el interés y la percepción de la utilidad personal y profesional del TO como instrumento de reflexión sobre la acción y generador de clima positivo. El Teatro del Oprimido es una formulación teórica y un método estético cuya teoría y praxis están inspiradas en la Pedagogía del Oprimido de Paulo Freire, utiliza las técnicas dramáticas como un instrumento eficaz para la comprensión y la búsqueda de alternativas a problemas sociales, interpersonales e individuales.

  2. DelPhi: a comprehensive suite for DelPhi software and associated resources

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Li Lin

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Accurate modeling of electrostatic potential and corresponding energies becomes increasingly important for understanding properties of biological macromolecules and their complexes. However, this is not an easy task due to the irregular shape of biological entities and the presence of water and mobile ions. Results Here we report a comprehensive suite for the well-known Poisson-Boltzmann solver, DelPhi, enriched with additional features to facilitate DelPhi usage. The suite allows for easy download of both DelPhi executable files and source code along with a makefile for local installations. The users can obtain the DelPhi manual and parameter files required for the corresponding investigation. Non-experienced researchers can download examples containing all necessary data to carry out DelPhi runs on a set of selected examples illustrating various DelPhi features and demonstrating DelPhi’s accuracy against analytical solutions. Conclusions DelPhi suite offers not only the DelPhi executable and sources files, examples and parameter files, but also provides links to third party developed resources either utilizing DelPhi or providing plugins for DelPhi. In addition, the users and developers are offered a forum to share ideas, resolve issues, report bugs and seek help with respect to the DelPhi package. The resource is available free of charge for academic users from URL: http://compbio.clemson.edu/DelPhi.php.

  3. Hacia una conceptualización del legado del traductor

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    Guzmán María Constanza

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo se propone investigar el aporte de perspectivas traductológicas para el estudio de la figura del traductor y su legado. Se centra en enfoques teóricos contemporáneos, principalmente aquellos basados en perspectivas postestructuralistas, que consideran el papel del sujeto traductor como un aspecto crucial en la traducción y los estudios literarios, y proponen maneras interesantes de abordarlo. A lo largo del artículo se cuestionan nociones como la idea de un original sacralizado, la relación entre autoría y propiedad, el ideal del significado transparente, y la tensión entre la traducción y la escritura del "original". Se presta especial atención a la importancia de ubicar históricamente la práctica del traductor, reconocer su papel como agente visible, y conceptualizar la traducción como una forma de escritura que se desarrolla en medio de complejas interacciones y negociaciones.

  4. La equinoterapia en las distintas alteraciones del desarrollo del menor.

    OpenAIRE

    Chamorro González, Mireya

    2015-01-01

    La equinoterapia consiste en la utilización del caballo como un método terapéutico para rehabilitar a personas con discapacidad. Esta terapia es considerada una gran alternativa para aumentar el autoestima de los que sufren algún tipo de discapacidad, también a través de esta terapia se mejora y fortalece el estado emocional, así del mismo modo ayuda a mejorar la manera de desenvolverse en su entorno social. Esta terapia se realiza a través de la trasmisión del calor corporal del caballo, del...

  5. Efficacy of emamectin benzoate against sea lice infestations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: evaluation in the absence of an untreated contemporary control.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gustafson, L; Ellis, S; Robinson, T; Marenghi, F; Endris, R

    2006-10-01

    The efficacy of emamectin benzoate (SLICE) against sea lice infestations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., is typically assessed using untreated fish, or fish treated with alternative therapeutants, as controls. The State of Maine, USA, is currently under active management for the OIE-notifiable pathogen, infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV); consequently, neither control group is feasible in this region. Untreated salmon risk extensive damage from the ectoparasites, and threaten to increase vector-borne exposure or susceptibility of farms to ISAV; and the only treatment presently available in Maine is SLICE. However, because sea lice infestations are unlikely to resolve spontaneously, and response to treatment occurs within weeks, use of a pretreatment baseline is a reasonable alternative for confirmatory studies. We evaluated SLICE efficacy on Atlantic salmon farms in Cobscook Bay 2002-2005, in the absence of untreated controls, using pretreatment lice loads as a reference for calculation. Maximum efficacy ranged from 68% to 100% reduction from initial levels. Time-to-maximum efficacy ranged from 1 to 8 weeks after treatment initiation. Efficacy duration, measured between first reduction and first progressive rise in counts, ranged from 4 to 16 weeks.

  6. A comparison of the migration process to an urban barrio and to a rural community: two case studies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Flinn, W L; Cartano, D G

    1970-01-01

    The results of 2 case studies on migration in Colombia are outlined and compared. The 1st study examines inmigration to a shantytown, El Carmen, in Bogota. The 2nd study involves inmigration to a community in the eastern interior of Colombia, Granada. Migrants' motives, paths of migration, and personal characteristics are examined, suggesting hypotheses for future studies. Economic reasons were most often listed as motives for moving by both the residents of Granada and El Carmen. The type of economic motives varied greatly between the 2 communities. Reasons such as "looking for land," "establishing a business," or "to find a better life" ranked high in importance among Granada residents. These motives, along with the flight from violence, indicate that the independence provided by land and small business affords the inmigrants to Granada a certain security. Inmigrants to El Carmen were seeking employment. Only 34% of the migrants to El Carmen made 1 or more moves before settling in Bogota. 90% of the rural to rural migrants made 1 or more stops before moving to Granada. 68% of the migrants to El Carmen were born within 100 miles of Bogota while only 18% of the migrants to Granada were born within a 100 mile radius of the community. The usual pattern of the migrant to Granada was to move to a neighboring village, town, or city regardless of whether it was closer to Granada or not. The majority of inmigrants to Granada moved from distances greater than 100 miles. Over 70% of the inmigrants were born in towns and villages of more than 2000 population. If a nucleus of 10,000 inhabitants or more are considered urban, then 46% of the rural to rural migrants resided in urban areas prior to moving to Granada. This suggests that a sizable proportion of the migration to Granada is really urban to rural frontier. Studies done in Colombia and Brazil indicate that migrants to rural areas have a lower educational level than migrants to urban areas. Data from El Carmen and

  7. Gestión del talento humano y competencias laborales del personal del hospital Hermilio Valdizán 2016

    OpenAIRE

    Serpa Reyes, Elisa Soledad

    2016-01-01

    La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general, Conocer la relación que existe entre gestión del talento humano y las competencias laborales del personal del hospital Hermilio Valdizán en el año 2016. El tipo de investigación es no experimental, de diseño descriptivo correlacional. La población fue de 709 trabajadores, y la muestra de 217 trabajadores del hospital Hermilio Valdizán, la muestra es probabilística aleatoria simple. Se aplicó el cuestionario de gestión del...

  8. Seccional del Lago Lleu Lleu extracto del resumen ejecutivo del estudio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Durán

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available En el siguiente reportaje se presentan los estudios contratados por el MINVU Planes Seccionales del Lago Lleu Lleu y del Lago Pangue; realizados por las oficinas de Manuel Durán y Lira y Peña Asoc. A continuación entrevistamos al Sr. Tito Rojas, ex Director Regional de SERNATUR y actual Gobernador de la Provincia de Arauco, y a Patricio Aguirre, Director de la Carrera de Turismo del DUOC-UC sede Concepción. Mientras que los instrumentos de planificación desarrollan estrategias específicas para potenciar el turismo aprovechando las potencialidades del recurso lacustre; los entrevistados nos dan su opinión en cuanto a diversos aspectos relacionados con el turismo y los lagos de esta zona: el delicado equilibrio entre turismo y protección de los recursos; las potencialidades de las áreas aledañas a los lagos Pangue y Lleu Lleu; el patrimonio paisajístico y cultural de la provincia de Arauco, entre otros, son los aspectos que se exponen en las próximas páginas.

  9. Comportamiento del servicio Diselin en la Gestión del Conocimiento de la Delegación del CITMA, en el. período 2003- octubre del 2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matilde Palacios Jiménez

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Se aborda el comportamiento del servicio Diselin durante el período 2003 hasta octubre del 2005, en la Gestión del Conocimiento de la Delegación del CITMA, a partir de los contenidos cuantitativos y cualitativos generados en la base de datos Diselin, correspondientes a la estadística general del servicio, relacionada con los indicadores de desempeño bibliotecario: suministro de documentos y satisfacción del cliente a través del talón de retroacoplamiento, como indicadores de desempeño bibliotecario que permiten hacer una valoración más exhaustiva de la evolución de este servicio tradicional con modalidad electrónica que es lo novedoso, aprovechando las tecnologías de información instaladas. Se presentan tablas y gráficos que demuestran la gestión y el impacto del servicio desde el punto de vista organizacional.

  10. Sobre el significado del descubrimiento del gen FOXP2

    OpenAIRE

    Longa Martínez, Víctor Manuel

    2006-01-01

    El reciente descubrimiento del gen FOXP2 ha ofrecido la primera evidencia clara de la base genética del lenguaje, mostrando una correlación inequívoca desde la perspectiva genética entre una versión mutada de F0XP2 y los trastornos lingüísticos de diferente tipo sufridos por una familia inglesa, conocida como KE. El objetivo central del presente trabajo es discutir diferentes aspectos relacionados con tal descubrimiento; especialmente, la discusión del significado de FOXP2 con ...

  11. Entrenamiento funcional del core: eje del entrenamiento inteligente

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    Iván Dario Pinzón Ríos

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Antecedentes: La evolución del entrenamiento físico busca la optimización de la salud y el bienestar, como piedra angular de todo programa de ejercicio. El Entrenamiento Funcional (EF es recomendable para optimizar el control postural del core, mejorando el balance y la ejecución de actividades de la vida diaria.  Objetivo: Revisar la definición, elementos constitutivos, características e implicaciones del EF del core en el movimiento corporal humano (MCH y la salud desde la perspectiva del fisioterapeuta. Metodología: Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español de las bases Pubmed, Scielo y Ebsco; adicionalmente se incluyeron fuentes electrónicas e impresas y libros. Resultados: 56 documentos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La definición más adoptada de EF fue entrenar con un propósito buscando obtener un efecto positivo en la aptitud física. Las implicaciones del EF en el MCH, se relacionan con la ganancia y mejoría de la estabilidad. La propuesta de EF enfocada a las actividades de la vida diaria incluye fases que permiten adquirir la estabilidad hasta lograr el desarrollo de movimiento que demanden más agilidad. En la planificación del EF se deben estructurar los procesos a ejecutar considerando el criterio de funcionalidad. Para organizar la sesión del EF, el fisioterapeuta cuenta con tres maneras de planificar la sesión: globales, por hemisferios y por grupos musculares. Conclusión: La fundamentación teórica sobre el EF permite al fisioterapeuta comprender y determinar cómo esta modalidad de intervención repercute de manera positiva sobre el desempeño funcional y calidad de vida de los sujetos.

  12. Desarrollo de la Habilidad de Administración del Tiempo en directivas del primer nivel del MITRANS.

    OpenAIRE

    García Remus, Mayelín

    2009-01-01

    Valoración de cómo administran el tiempo las mujeres directivas del sector del transporte en Ciudad de La Habana. Establece las competencias individuales que pueden influir en el desarrollo de la habilidad de administración del tiempo.

  13. Tentative de réacclimatation de Salmo salar dans le bassin de la Bresle (Normandie, France

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    ARRIGNON J.

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available La BRESLE, rivière séparant la Haute-Normandie de la Picardie, dans le Nord-Ouest de la France était occasionnellement fréquentée jusqu'en 1964 par le saumon de lAtlantique, Salmo Salar. Le Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche a décidé de diriger l'essentiel des moyens consacrés à cette région à la réacclimatation du saumon, à l'« ensaumonnement » de ce cours d'eau. Le choix a été opéré en fonction de la situation hydrographique, hydraulique et hydrobiologique de la rivière. Les travaux ont porté sur la lutte contre la pollution sévissant dans la basse vallée, la lutte contre le braconnage, l'amélioration du milieu aquatique : franchissement d'obstacles à la remontée des salmonidés migrateurs, ameublissement des frayères, enlèvement des prédateurs. Ils ont également porté sur des introductions annuelles d'environ 100.000 oeufs de saumons à des stades divers. Les résultats montrent que le nombre des smolts s'accroît, de même que, en 1972, le nombre des adultes contrôlés et marqués lors de leurs déplacements. Le nombre modeste des uns et des autres ainsi que le caractère récent de cette réapparition du saumon en Bresle ne permettent pas de dire qu'il y a réacclimatation de l'espèce : il s'agit d'un simple indice favorable à la réacclimatation du saumon. L'auteur conclut en pensant que la truite de mer présente dans les cours d'eau de cette région un intérêt supérieur à celui du Saumon mais que, dans le cas particulier de la rivière la BRESLE, l'introduction du saumon est une initiative intéressante pour les pêcheurs sportifs. Il conviendra toutefois de grossir considérablement l'ensaumonnement en introduisant davantage de smolts. Il sera également important de prévoir une réglementation de la pêche assurant le maintien de l'installation du saumon dans cette rivière. The Bresle river, running between upper Normandy and Picardy in the North-Western part of France, saw occasional runs of

  14. LAS NEURONAS DEL SEPTUM LATERAL MODIFICAN LA ACTIVIDAD DE LAS NEURONAS DEL NUCLEO TUBEROMAMILAR DEL HIPOTALAMO

    OpenAIRE

    FARIAS RODRIGUEZ, PAULA ANDREA; FARIAS RODRIGUEZ, PAULA ANDREA

    2012-01-01

    El septum lateral (SL), es un núcleo del cerebro anterior, que, procesa la información sensorial afectiva procedente del hipocampo y dirige sus respuestas, importantes para la supervivencia, hacia las zonas del hipotálamo importantes para la motivación, como lo es el núcleo tuberomamilar del hipotálamo (TMN). El TMN contiene las neuronas histaminérgicas en el cerebro, la cual relacionamos con la vigilia y alerta en conductas motivadas y así puede dirigir y reforzar el comportamiento. El TM...

  15. Imaginación e historia en la novela hispanoamericana

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    Roberto Sánchez Benítez

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available La contribución de la literatura a la formulación de la cultura hispanoamericana se encuentra fuera de duda. Entre otras formas, lo ha hecho presentando la "novedad" americana y dando cuenta de un deseo y una imaginación inagotables. La literatura representa no sólo el arte del lenguaje, sino la morada permanente de humanidad en la que vivimos. En las más recientes expresiones de la literatura hispanoamericana, el tema de la historia, la memoria y la imaginación ha cobrado especial importancia. La propuesta reciente de esta literatura advierte sobre los peligros del olvido, del riesgo de abandonar el lenguaje y de la necesidad de seguir contando con amplios espacios culturales donde la creatividad sea una forma de reinventarnos, de imaginar lo que falta por vivir o, al menos, de contar con la posibilidad de seguir nombrando lo que sucede, de que nadie calle: silencios condenados, la vida atrevida, las razones de la pobreza, la marginación y la explotación. Para abordar lo anterior, habremos de referirnos, en particular, a los escritores mexicanos Carlos Fuentes y Carmen Boullosa.

  16. Caracterización del mercado laboral del sector hotelero del estado Mérida, Venezuela

    OpenAIRE

    Villasmil R., María A.; Andrade, Henry

    2009-01-01

    Esta investigación trata sobre modelos que permiten caracterizar Mercados Laborales Locales (MLL), ya que en Venezuela el manejo de los mismos es casi inexistente. En este sentido, se plantea como objetivo caracterizar al mercado laboral del sector hotelero del estado Mérida-Venezuela en función del conocimiento de las particularidades económicas, institucionales, políticas, sociales, educativas y culturales de la zona así como las condiciones que se tengan en materia de empleo, oferta de for...

  17. CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE EL ESTADO DEL ARTE DEL DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO

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    Néstor Juan Sanabria

    2003-07-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo ofrece una síntesis del estado del arte sobre los temas del desarrollo y es parte integrante de la investigación sobre los pymes y el desarrollo económico. Desde los enfoques clásicos hasta los modelos contemporáneos se ha debatido ampliamente la relación entre crecimiento y desarrollo económico. Para muchos autores el desarrollo está vinculado a los problemas de distribución. Para otros el desarrollo es sinónimo de disminución y eliminación de la pobreza o se resuelve a través de aumentar la producción. Otros enfoques se centran en la importancia de minimizar los costos de transacción o en la generación de una mejor calidad de vida. Ahora bien, las teorías del desarrollo predominantes hasta la década de los ochenta, asumen que el proceso del desarrollo no es más que la ruta de homogenización de los mercados duales. Para otros autores el problema se explica por la diferencia de tecnologías, capital social, capital intelectual y humano. Esta síntesis revisa entre otros enfoques los modelos con los que se ha intentado explicar la peculiaridad del desarrollo en los países del tercer mundo, en las economías en proceso de industrialización y la complejidad del caso particular del desarrollo en Latinoamérica y su modelo de sustitución de importaciones.

  18. Los métodos de fijación del salario en el Uruguay y los particularismos del Derecho del Trabajo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvaro Rodríguez Azcúe

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El salario y la jornada de trabajo han sido en nuestro país, seguramente, los dos temas que forjaron el nacimiento del Derecho del trabajo1. Dentro del primero, el método de fijación del salario predominante, generalmente, refleja algo mucho más amplio que la política salarial de un gobierno. En realidad pone de manifiesto un eje central de la política laboral, o, más aún, una determinada forma de abordar la cuestión social.Por ese motivo nos proponemos analizar el tema a partir de su evolución histórica y de algunos de los particularismos que, en la concepción de Barbagelata, posee el Derecho del trabajo: la subyacencia del conflicto en las relaciones laborales y la significación del tiempo social.En esa perspectiva se confirma, según enseña Ermida Uriarte, el indudable papel protagónico que han desempeñado los Consejos de Salarios en el Derecho del trabajo y el sistema laboral uruguayo.Presentación. Referencia a los particularismos del Derecho del Trabajo. Los métodos teóricos de fijación del salario. Evolución histórica de los métodos a la luz de los particularismos. Algunas reflexiones finales

  19. Ensayo del lisado de amebocitos del Limulus (LAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rolando Perdomo Morales

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available En los últimos años, los principales organismos reguladores de productos farmacéuticos (Farmacopeas exigen cada vez más en sus monografías la aplicación del método del lisado de amebocitos de Limulus (LAL para la liberación de pirógenos en productos terminados parenterales. El análisis de pirógenos constituye uno de los principales ensayos en el control de calidad de la fabricación de inyectables por su repercusión en la salud humana, puesto que la presencia y administración de los mismos, es capaz de provocar una serie de respuestas fisiológicas, en su mayoría de carácter perjudicial y en casos extremos, la muerte del paciente. Por las razones anteriores, existe un creciente interés en el conocimiento y dominio de estos métodos. El presente trabajo muestra una revisión bibliográfica del método del LAL, se tratan aspectos como su descubrimiento y estandarización, aparición en la industria farmacéutica y razones para su triunfo, y los basamentos de los principales métodos o variaciones comerciales del LAL (gelificación, turbidimétricos y cromogénicos que se describen en las Farmacopeas.

  20. Ensayo del lisado de amebocitos del Limulus (LAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rolando Perdomo Morales

    Full Text Available En los últimos años, los principales organismos reguladores de productos farmacéuticos (Farmacopeas exigen cada vez más en sus monografías la aplicación del método del lisado de amebocitos de Limulus (LAL para la liberación de pirógenos en productos terminados parenterales. El análisis de pirógenos constituye uno de los principales ensayos en el control de calidad de la fabricación de inyectables por su repercusión en la salud humana, puesto que la presencia y administración de los mismos, es capaz de provocar una serie de respuestas fisiológicas, en su mayoría de carácter perjudicial y en casos extremos, la muerte del paciente. Por las razones anteriores, existe un creciente interés en el conocimiento y dominio de estos métodos. El presente trabajo muestra una revisión bibliográfica del método del LAL, se tratan aspectos como su descubrimiento y estandarización, aparición en la industria farmacéutica y razones para su triunfo, y los basamentos de los principales métodos o variaciones comerciales del LAL (gelificación, turbidimétricos y cromogénicos que se describen en las Farmacopeas.

  1. Indicadores de desempeño del sistema de riego del Rio Dulce, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Prieto, D.; Angella, G.; Angueira, M.C.; Pérez Carrera, A.; Moscuzza, C.

    2005-01-01

    Mucha atención se ha puesto en el estudio del desempeño de los sistemas de riego a partir de la década de 1990, al tomarse conciencia de los bajos resultados de muchos de ellos, y su impacto ambiental negativo. El Sistema de Riego del Río Dulce en Santiago del Estero (PRD), no es la excepción,

  2. La motivación del veredicto en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo

    OpenAIRE

    Vegas Torres, Jaime

    2006-01-01

    1. Introducción. 2. Alcance de la exigencia de motivación del veredicto. 2.1. Extensión de la motivación. 2.1.1. Hechos no controvertidos. 2.1.2. Hechos que el jurado encuentra no probados. 2.2. Profundidad de la motivación. 2.2.1. Admisibilidad de la explicación conjunta de todas las respuestas del jurado a las cuestiones del objeto del veredicto. 2.2.2. Contenido de la motivación. 3. Motivación del veredicto y prueba por indicios. 3.1. Motivación del veredicto basado en prueba de indicios. ...

  3. Del Charco del Agua Amarga (Alcañiz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomás MAIGI

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available En agosto de 1947, habiendo llegado a la excelentísima Diputación Provincial de Teruel rumores de recientes deterioros en el friso pintado del abrigo rupestre del "Charco del Agua Amarga", nos fué requerida oficialmente, por dicha Corporación, la presentación de un informe sobre la realidad de los hechos expuestos, así como el planeamiento de las medidas adecuadas para salvaguardar en forma eficaz, en el futuro, las referidas pinturas.

  4. Concentraciones del activador tisular del plasminógeno y del inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno en pacientes con homocistinuria clásica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Meneses

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available El aumento moderado o severo de Homocisteína (Hcy en sangre y las alteraciones en el sistema fibrinolítico, se asocian con enfermedad vascular que afecta venas y arterias de todos los calibres. Los pacientes con homocistinuria clásica padecen con mucha frecuencia eventos tromboembólicos, que son su principal causa de mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las concentraciones de Hcy, Inhibidor del Activador del Plasminógeno tipo 1 (PAI-1 y Activador tisular del Plasminógeno (tPA en pacientes con homocistinuria clásica, en familiares de éstos y en población control sana.

  5. Gestión del riesgo del cambio (primera parte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Pablo Zorrilla

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available A partir de la desaparición del sistema Bretton-Woods, y la libre flotación del tipo de cambio, el mundo se volvió más susceptible a todo tipo de riesgos. El presente artículo pretende explicar a los gestores financieros o empresarios interesados en el tema de instrumentos financieros derivados, a conocer lo más relevante y necesario acerca del uso de futuros sobre el tipo de cambio, instrumento útil para cubrir riesgos derivados del tipo de cambio para las empresas que se dedican a importar, exportar o para protegerse de un crédito otorgado en moneda extranjera.

  6. Contaminant levels in Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the 13-year period from 1999 to 2011.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nøstbakken, Ole Jakob; Hove, Helge T; Duinker, Arne; Lundebye, Anne-Katrine; Berntssen, Marc H G; Hannisdal, Rita; Lunestad, Bjørn Tore; Maage, Amund; Madsen, Lise; Torstensen, Bente E; Julshamn, Kåre

    2015-01-01

    Environmental pollutants such as dioxins and PCBs, heavy metals, and organochlorine pesticides are a global threat to food safety. In particular, the aquatic biota can bioaccumulate many of these contaminants potentially making seafood of concern for chronic exposure to humans. The main objective was to evaluate trends of contaminant levels in Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon in light of the derived tolerable intakes. Through an EU-instigated surveillance programme, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) has between 1999 and 2011 collected more than 2300 samples of Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for contaminant analyses. The fillets of these fish were homogenised and analysed for dioxins, PCBs, heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides. The levels of the contaminants mercury, arsenic, dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and DDT in Norwegian farmed salmon fillet have decreased during our period of analyses. The levels of cadmium, lead and several organochlorine pesticides were too close to the limit of quantification to calculate time trends. For PCB6 and quantifiable amounts of pesticides, except DDT, stable levels were observed. The contaminant levels in Norwegian farmed salmon have generally decreased between 1999 and 2011. Excluding other dietary sources, the levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in 2011 allowed consumption of up to 1.3kg salmon per week to reach the tolerable weekly intake. The group of contaminants which was the limiting factor for safe consumption of Norwegian farmed salmon, based on currently established TWI values, is the sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  7. Physiological preparedness and performance of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in relation to behavioural salinity preferences and thresholds

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stich, D.S.; Zydlewski, G.B.; Zydlewski, Joseph D.

    2015-01-01

    This study investigated the relationships between behavioural responses of Atlantic salmon Salmo salarsmolts to saltwater (SW) exposure and physiological characteristics of smolts in laboratory experiments. It concurrently described the behaviour of acoustically tagged smolts with respect to SW and tidal cycles during estuary migration. Salmo salar smolts increased their use of SW relative to fresh water (FW) from April to June in laboratory experiments. Mean preference for SW never exceeded 50% of time in any group. Preference for SW increased throughout the course of smolt development. Maximum continuous time spent in SW was positively related to gill Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and osmoregulatory performance in full-strength SW (measured as change in gill NKA activity and plasma osmolality). Smolts decreased depth upon reaching areas of the Penobscot Estuary where SW was present, and all fish became more surface oriented during passage from head of tide to the ocean. Acoustically tagged, migrating smolts with low gill NKA activity moved faster in FW reaches of the estuary than those with higher gill NKA activity. There was no difference in movement rate through SW reaches of the estuary based on gill NKA activity. Migrating fish moved with tidal flow during the passage of the lower estuary based on the observed patterns in both vertical and horizontal movements. The results indicate that smolts select low-salinity water during estuary migration and use tidal currents to minimize energetic investment in seaward migration. Seasonal changes in osmoregulatory ability highlight the importance of the timing of stocking and estuary arrival.

  8. Pharmacokinetics and transcriptional effects of the anti-salmon lice drug emamectin benzoate in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olsvik, Pål A; Lie, Kai K; Mykkeltvedt, Eva; Samuelsen, Ole B; Petersen, Kjell; Stavrum, Anne-Kristin; Lunestad, Bjørn T

    2008-09-11

    Emamectin benzoate (EB) is a dominating pharmaceutical drug used for the treatment and control of infections by sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). Fish with an initial mean weight of 132 g were experimentally medicated by a standard seven-day EB treatment, and the concentrations of drug in liver, muscle and skin were examined. To investigate how EB affects Atlantic salmon transcription in liver, tissues were assessed by microarray and qPCR at 7, 14 and 35 days after the initiation of medication. The pharmacokinetic examination revealed highest EB concentrations in all three tissues at day 14, seven days after the end of the medication period. Only modest effects were seen on the transcriptional levels in liver, with small fold-change alterations in transcription throughout the experimental period. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that EB treatment induced oxidative stress at day 7 and inflammation at day 14. The qPCR examinations showed that medication by EB significantly increased the transcription of both HSP70 and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver during a period of 35 days, compared to un-treated fish, possibly via activation of enzymes involved in phase II conjugation of metabolism in the liver. This study has shown that a standard seven-day EB treatment has only a modest effect on the transcription of genes in liver of Atlantic salmon. Based on GSEA, the medication seems to have produced a temporary oxidative stress response that might have affected protein stability and folding, followed by a secondary inflammatory response.

  9. Metabolism, health and fillet nutritional quality in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets containing n-3-rich microalgae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kousoulaki, Katerina; Østbye, Tone-Kari Knutsdatter; Krasnov, Aleksei; Torgersen, Jacob Seilø; Mørkøre, Turid; Sweetman, John

    2015-01-01

    Microalgae, as primary producers of EPA and DHA, are among the most prominent alternative sources to fish oil for n-3 long-chain PUFA in animal and human nutrition. The present study aimed to assess technical, nutritional and fish health aspects of producing n-3-rich Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fish fillets by dietary supplementation of increasing levels of a DHA-producing Schizochytrium sp. and reduced or without use of supplemental fish oil. Atlantic salmon smolt were fed diets with graded levels of microalgae for 12 weeks, during which all fish showed high feed intake rates with postprandial plasma leptin levels inversely correlating with final mean fish body weights. Fish performance was optimal in all experimental treatments (thermal growth coefficient about 4·0 and feed conversion ratio 0·8-0·9), protein digestibility was equal in all diets, whereas dietary lipid digestibility inversely correlated with the dietary levels of the SFA 16 : 0. Fillet quality was good and similar to the control in all treatments in terms of n-3 long-chain PUFA content, gaping, texture and liquid losses during thawing. Histological fluorescence staining and immunofluorescence analysis of salmon intestines (midgut: base of intestine and villi) revealed significant effects on slime, goblet cell production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity with increasing levels of dietary Schizochytrium sp. supplementation. Microarray analysis did not reveal any signs of toxicity, stress, inflammation or any other negative effects from Schizochytrium sp. supplementation in diets for Atlantic salmon.

  10. Delousing efficiency of farmed ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) against Lepeophtheirus salmonis infecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leclercq, Eric; Davie, Andrew; Migaud, Hervé

    2014-08-01

    Cleaner-fish (wrasse, Labridae) are increasingly deployed within the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) industry as a biological control against sea-lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer). Two tank-based trials were performed to test the effect of farmed ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta Ascanius) body mass and supplementary feeding on the delousing of Atlantic salmon post-smolts with an initial infection level of ∼12 lice salmon(-1) and a ∼5% wrasse:salmon ratio. Sea-louse levels below 0.5 lice salmon(-1) were obtained within 84 h, and preferential preying upon larger motile stages was found. The wrasse body mass and the availability of fresh, opened blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) did not significantly affect delousing efficiency. The functional predator response was linear, showing no minimum prey density threshold for sea-louse foraging and no satiation plateau, in spite of the high consumption rates measured. Sea-louse infection levels declined following a one-phase exponential decay model, with a standardised decline time constant of 0.8-1.3% h(-1) for each wrasse stocked per 100 salmon. Farmed ballan wrasse are confirmed as highly effective therapeutic and preventive biological controls against sea-lice. The study supports the current minimum hatchery size target (10 mm total length) and the use of supplementary feeding to sustain the wrasse stocks in operation. The functional predator response and the standardised decline time constant of sea-louse abundance are proposed as useful indicators of delousing efficiency. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

  11. Development of intestinal ion-transporting mechanisms during smoltification and seawater acclimation in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sundh, Henrik; Nilsen, Tom O.; Lindström, Jenny; Hasselberg-Frank, Linda; Stefansson, Sigurd O.; McCormick, Stephen D.; Sundell, K.

    2014-01-01

    This study investigated the expression of ion transporters involved in intestinal fluid absorption and presents evidence for developmental changes in abundance and tissue distribution of these transporters during smoltification and seawater (SW) acclimation of Atlantic salmonSalmo salar. Emphasis was placed on Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) and Na+, K+, Cl− co-transporter (NKCC) isoforms, at both transcriptional and protein levels, together with transcription of chloride channel genes. The nka α1c was the dominant isoform at the transcript level in both proximal and distal intestines; also, it was the most abundant isoform expressed in the basolateral membrane of enterocytes in the proximal intestine. This isoform was also abundantly expressed in the distal intestine in the lower part of the mucosal folds. The protein expression of intestinal Nkaα1c increased during smoltification. Immunostaining was localized to the basal membrane of the enterocytes in freshwater (FW) fish, and re-distributed to a lateral position after SW entry. Two other Nka isoforms, α1a and α1b, were expressed in the intestine but were not regulated to the same extent during smoltification and subsequent SW transfer. Their localization in the intestinal wall indicates a house-keeping function in excitatory tissues. The absorptive form of the NKCC-like isoform (sub-apically located NKCC2 and/or Na+, Cl−co-transporter) increased during smoltification and further after SW transfer. The cellular distribution changed from a diffuse expression in the sub-apical regions during smoltification to clustering of the transporters closer to the apical membrane after entry to SW. Furthermore, transcript abundance indicates that the mechanisms necessary for exit of chloride ions across the basolateral membrane and into the lateral intercellular space are present in the form of one or more of three different chloride channels: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator I and II and chloride channel

  12. Differential response of continental stock complexes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Friedland, Kevin D.; Shank, Burton V.; Todd, Christopher D.; McGinnity, Philip; Nye, Janet A.

    2014-05-01

    Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in the North Atlantic are managed as a set of population complexes distributed in North America and Europe. In recent years, these complexes have experienced reduced marine survival and many populations within the complexes are at risk, especially those at the southern ends of the species amphi-Atlantic range. Atlantic salmon is an anadromous fish dividing its life history between residence in freshwater and the marine environment. The freshwater portion of the life history includes spawning and the rearing of juveniles where in-river production has tended to be relatively stable, whereas the first year at sea, termed the post-smolt year, is characterized by more variable rates of mortality. Although their habitats are widely separated geographically along the North Atlantic seaboards, strong recruitment coherence exists between North American and European stock complexes. This recruitment coherence is correlated with ocean temperature variation associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) appears to be relatively unimportant as a driver of salmon abundance. The mechanism determining the link between AMO-related thermal variation and abundance appears to differ fundamentally for the two continental stock groupings. Whereas ocean climate variability during the first springtime months of juvenile salmon migration to sea appears to be important to the survival of North American stocks, summer climate variation appears to be central to adult recruitment variation for European stocks. This contrast in seasonal effects appears to be related to the varying roles of predation pressure and size-related mortality on the continental stock complexes. The anticipated warming due to global climate change will impose thermal conditions on salmon populations outside historical context and challenge the ability of many populations to persist.

  13. Calculo del valor en riesgo del futuro de energia e internacionalizacion del sector energetico en Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Esquivel Fonseca, Leidy Gioanna

    2013-01-01

    El presente trabajo de grado busca definir cuál es el mejor método para determinar el valor en riesgo del contrato de futuro de energía eléctrica que se transa en Colombia, para cumplir con este objetivo se toma como referencia el marco histórico del VaR y de los futuros seguido de las características de la fijación de precios, la estructura del contrato, que políticas y métodos hay para cubrirse del riesgo y como se realiza en otros países, realizando algunos cálculos de los modelos más trad...

  14. Assessing the sensitivity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to dietary endosulfan exposure using tissue biochemistry and histology

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Glover, Chris N.; Petri, Dietrich [National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen (Norway); Tollefsen, Knut-Erik [Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo (Norway); Jorum, Nanne [Skretting ARC, Stavanger (Norway); Handy, Richard D. [School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth (United Kingdom); Berntssen, Marc H.G. [National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen (Norway)], E-mail: marc.berntssen@nifes.no

    2007-10-15

    The incorporation of plant-based ingredients, and the possible carry-over of pesticides such as endosulfan, in fish feeds may present new toxicological challenges to aquacultural species. Biological responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to a 35-day dietary endosulfan exposure at levels ranging from 4 to 710 {mu}g kg{sup -1} were assessed using tissue histology and biochemistry. Liver 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deacetylase (EROD) activity was significantly elevated in the highest exposure group (710 {mu}g kg{sup -1}) by day 35. Other hepatic indicators of stress impacts and responses (glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities and hepatic {alpha}-tocopherol content) remained unchanged. Branchial Na{sup +}, K{sup +}-ATPase activity was significantly reduced at day 14 in the highest exposure group, but returned to control levels by day 35. Conversely, intestinal Na{sup +}, K{sup +}-ATPase activity was significantly inhibited at day 35, but again only at the highest exposure level. In contrast to the biochemical results, hepatic and intestinal histology revealed effects of exposure even at the lowest dose tested (4 {mu}g kg{sup -1}). In the posterior intestine, pathology was characterised by vacuolation and fusion of villi, and in the most severe cases, loss of epithelial integrity in villi tips. In the liver the primary effects were glycogen depletion and lipidosis. These changes were typical of a generalised stress response. While histology endpoints may prove to be the most sensitive indicators of dietary endosulfan exposure, the organismal relevance of these structural changes must be considered in the absence of effects in other biomarkers at dietary levels less than 710 {mu}g kg{sup -1}.

  15. EFECTO DEL SILICIO Y PLAGUICIDAS EN LA FERTILIDAD DEL SUELO Y RENDIMIENTO DEL ARROZ

    OpenAIRE

    Parm\\u00E9nides Furcal-Beriguete; Alejandra Herrera-Barrantes

    2013-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de enfermedades y plagas insectiles, el rendimiento y la calidad de granos del cultivo de arroz. El estudio se realizó en La Vega, Florencia, San Carlos, Costa Rica entre mayo y octubre en los años 2010 y 2011, en el mismo lote con la variedad CR 4477. Se establecieron cinco tratamientos: silicio al suelo, silicio al suelo más plaguicidas (alternativas químicas), silicio foliar, silicio fol...

  16. Competitividad sectorial internacional. Caso: sector del cuero y del calzado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana Carolina Villegas Álvarez

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente escrito se origina en un trabajo de investigación cuya pretensión fue indagar sobre el nivel de competitividad internacional (C.I, del sector del cuero y del calzado colombiano, mediante la aplicación de indicadores que, a partir de la información estadística de las variables de comercio exterior permiten establecer ciertas relaciones que dan cuenta de la importancia del producto en los mercados de los países de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN, seleccionados para la comparación.

  17. Sobre el fragment dels Catasterismes d'Eratòstenes del manuscrit Parisinus Graecus 1310: el nom dels planetes Saturn i Júpiter

    OpenAIRE

    Pàmias i Massana, Jordi

    1998-01-01

    El ms. Parisinus Graecus 1310 inclou un breu fragment de l'Epítom dels Catasterismes, obra atribuïda a Eratòstenes. A banda d'alguna variant respecte del textus receptus, presenta un capítol (43) del tot reelaborat, en què l'excepcional irregularitat de l'Epítom dels Catasterismes, pel que fa a les correspondències divines dels dos primers planetes de la nòmina de cinc, ha estat corregida per tal d'adequar els noms dels planetes Faiuou i Faethou a Saturn i a Júpiter respectivament. The man...

  18. Randomized controlled trial of changes in dietary carbohydrate/fat ratio and simple vs complex carbohydrates on body weight and blood lipids: the CARMEN study. The Carbohydrate Ratio Management in European National diets.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saris, W H; Astrup, A; Prentice, A M; Zunft, H J; Formiguera, X; Verboeket-van de Venne, W P; Raben, A; Poppitt, S D; Seppelt, B; Johnston, S; Vasilaras, T H; Keogh, G F

    2000-10-01

    To investigate the long-term effects of changes in dietary carbohydrate/fat ratio and simple vs complex carbohydrates. Randomized controlled multicentre trial (CARMEN), in which subjects were allocated for 6 months either to a seasonal control group (no intervention) or to one of three experimental groups: a control diet group (dietary intervention typical of the average national intake); a low-fat high simple carbohydrate group; or a low-fat high complex carbohydrate group. Three hundred and ninety eight moderately obese adults. The change in body weight was the primary outcome; changes in body composition and blood lipids were secondary outcomes. Body weight loss in the low-fat high simple carbohydrate and low-fat high complex carbohydrate groups was 0.9 kg (P Fat mass changed by -1.3kg (Plow-fat high simple carbohydrate, low-fat high complex carbohydrate and control diet groups, respectively. Changes in blood lipids did not differ significantly between the dietary treatment groups. Our findings suggest that reduction of fat intake results in a modest but significant reduction in body weight and body fatness. The concomitant increase in either simple or complex carbohydrates did not indicate significant differences in weight change. No adverse effects on blood lipids were observed. These findings underline the importance of this dietary change and its potential impact on the public health implications of obesity.

  19. Factores de riesgo implicados en el comportamiento agresivo del perro y del gato

    OpenAIRE

    Amat Grau, Marta

    2011-01-01

    El presente trabajo se centra en el estudio de algunos aspectos de la agresividad del perro y del gato. El estudio de la agresividad canina y felina es importante por varios motivos. En primer lugar, los problemas de agresividad del perro y del gato son muy frecuentes y, al menos en los centros de referencia, son el principal problema de comportamiento. La agresividad del perro y del gato también es importante, porque constituye una de las principales causas de eutanasia y abandono de perros ...

  20. Enfermedad del virus del Ébola (Ebola Virus Disease)

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    Este podcast proporciona información general sobre la enfermedad del virus del Ébola y el brote en África Occidental. El programa contiene declaraciones del director de los CDC, Dr. Tom Frieden, así como una breve descripción de las actividades de respuesta de los CDC.

  1. LA LEY DEL SUELO DEL PAÍS VASCO: UN PASO MÁS HACIA LA PROTECCIÓN DEL SUELO RURAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.C. Alberdi Collantes

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available La Ley del suelo del País Vasco del 2007 nace con el objeto de favorecer el acceso a una vivienda digna. Sin embargo, en la medida en que apuesta por frenar la especulación y la sostenibilidad del medio legisla sobre el tratamiento que se le ha de aportar al suelo no urbanizable. En este caso, no altera sustancialmente la regulación del suelo rural pero sí incorpora nuevas obligaciones dirigidas a frenar la intensidad de la urbanización en este suelo. Se regula la construcción de nueva vivienda, el desarrollo urbanístico de núcleos y barrios rurales y se obliga a profundizar en la calificación del suelo no urbanizable. La aplicación de los nuevos contenidos quedan en manos de los municipios e instituciones sectoriales y los primeros resultados parecen denotar un cambio de tendencia en municipios que han observado la pérdida de calidad paisajística del medio rural, la creciente especulación y la desagrarización de este entorno.

  2. Evolución del desarrollo del color en sistema modelo de composición similar al dulce de leche. Influencia del tiempo de calentamiento y del Ph

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Analía Rodríguez Blanco

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El color es un atributo importante en la elección del producto dulce de leche por parte del consumidor. El mismo se desarrolla en el proceso de elaboración debido principalmente a las reacciones de pardeamiento no enzimático, las cuales se ven influenciadas por varios factores. En este trabajo se evaluó el desarrollo de color, con el tiempo de tratamiento térmico y el pH inicial como variables tecnológicas, en un sistema modelo compuesto de caseinato, lactosa, sacarosa y agua destilada cuya composición fue similar a la del dulce de leche comercial. El estudio del color se realizó utilizando los parámetros de medición de color del sistema CIELAB y el índice de Kubelka Munk (K/S. Con ambos métodos se constató un aumento significativo del dE*ab y del K/S con el tiempo de tratamiento térmico y el pH inicial. Con el sistema CIELAB además se observó una tendencia a disminuir la luminosidad con el tiempo y el aumento del pH inicial, y el aumento de a* con el tiempo.

  3. Acerca del moho

    Science.gov (United States)

    El moho forma parte del medio ambiente natural. Afuera del hogar, el moho juega un papel en la naturaleza al desintegrar materias organicas tales como las hojas que se han caido o los arboles muertos. El moho puede crecer adentro del hogar cuando las espor

  4. The ecological coherence of temperature and salinity tolerance interaction and pigmentation in a non-marine vibrio isolated from Salar de Atacama

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karem Gallardo

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The occurrence of microorganisms from the Vibrio genus in saline lakes from northern Chile had been evidenced using Numerical Taxonomy decades before and, more recently, by phylogenetic analyses of environmental samples and isolates. Most of the knowledge about this genus came from marine isolates and showed temperature and salinity to be integral agents in shaping the niche of the Vibrio populations. The stress tolerance phenotypes of Vibrio sp. Teb5a1 isolated from Salar de Atacama was investigated. It was able to grow without NaCl and tolerated up to 100 g/L of the salt. Furthermore, it grew between 17° and 49°C (optimum 30°C in the absence of NaCl, and the range was expanded into cold temperature (4-49°C in the presence of the salt. Other additional adaptive strategies were observed in response to the osmotic stress: pigment production, identified as the known antibacterial prodigiosin, swimming and swarming motility and synthesis of a polar flagellum. It is possible to infer that environmental congruence might explain the cellular phenotypes observed in Vibrio sp. considering that coupling between temperature and salinity tolerance, the production of antibacterial agents at higher temperatures, flagellation and motility increase the chance of Vibrio sp. to survive in salty environments with high daily temperature swings and UV radiation.

  5. Effectiveness of emamectin benzoate for treatment of Lepeophtheirus salmonis on farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the Bay of Fundy, Canada.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jones, Patti G; Hammell, K Larry; Dohoo, Ian R; Revie, Crawford W

    2012-12-03

    Emamectin benzoate (an avermectin chemotherapeutant administered to fish as an in-feed treatment) has been used to treat infestations of sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada, since 1999. This retrospective study examined the effectiveness of 114 emamectin benzoate treatment episodes from 2004 to 2008 across 54 farms. Study objectives were to establish whether changes in the effectiveness of emamectin benzoate were present for this period, examine factors associated with treatment outcome, and determine variables that influenced differences in L. salmonis abundance after treatment. The analysis was carried out in 2 parts: first, trends in treatment effectiveness and L. salmonis abundance were explored, and second, statistical modelling (linear and logistic regression) was used to examine the effects of multiple variables on post-treatment abundance and treatment outcome. Post-treatment sea lice abundance increased in the later years examined. Mean abundance differed between locations in the Bay of Fundy, and higher numbers were found at farms closer to the mainland and lower levels were found in the areas around Grand Manan Island. Treatment effectiveness varied by geographical region and decreased over time. There was an increased risk for unsuccessful treatments in 2008, and treatments applied during autumn months were more likely to be ineffective than those applied during summer months.

  6. La teoria del ciclo vitale del risparmio di Modigliani cinquant’anni dopo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauro Baranzini

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Nei primi anni ’50 Franco Modigliani, insieme a Richard Brumberg e ad Albert Ando, formulò lateoria del ciclo vitale del consumo e del risparmio, che ha riscosso un enorme e indiscussosuccesso per almeno tre decenni. Tuttavia, a partire dai primi anni ’80 la teoria del ciclo vitale èstata criticata in modo sempre più serrato, per almeno quattro ragioni. La prima consistenell’esistenza di una significativa trasmissione intergenerazionale della ricchezza, da ricondurre acause esogene al modello del ciclo vitale. La seconda ragione è rappresentata dalla crescenteevidenza che i ricchi continuano a risparmiare in misura maggiore rispetto ai meno fortunati,come, in effetti, Keynes sosteneva. Il terzo motivo è che vi sono prove sempre più evidenti,almeno nell’Europa occidentale e in Giappone, che le famiglie giovani, durante i venti e i trentaanni di età, risparmiano una quota positiva e crescente del proprio reddito, e ciò si pone indeciso contrasto con la versione originaria della teoria del ciclo vitale. Infine, numerosi lavoriempirici hanno rilevato che i pensionati accantonano una parte elevata del proprio reddito. Ciòimpone un serio ripensamento dell’approccio della teoria del ciclo vitale, che interessa sia l’analisieconomica sia la politica economica.

  7. Max Weber o el enigma emocional del origen del capitalismo

    OpenAIRE

    EDUARDO BERICAT ALASTUEY

    2001-01-01

    Se analiza el trabajo clave de Max Weber, La ética protestante y el espíritu del capitalismo, desde la perspectiva de la Sociología de las Emociones. Aunque la inclusión de las emociones de los fenómenos sociales es clave para entender la idea de Weber sobre el dogma de la predestinación, los sociólogos han trivializado el papel de la emoción. Tras detallar la creencia de Weber en que el espíritu del capitalismo parte del conocimiento de que el destino del hombre está predeterminado (la ética...

  8. Produccion Gaseosa del Cometa Halley: Erupciones Y Fotodisociacion del Radical OH

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silva, A. M.; Mirabel, I. F.

    1990-11-01

    RESUMEN:En este trabajo informamos la detecci6n de 20 erupciones en la li'nea de =18cm (1667MHz) del radical OH en el Cometa Halley.Las observaciones incluyen todos los monitoreos existentes y se extienden desde 120 dias antes del perihelio hasta 90 dias despues.Se detectan bruscos crecimientos en el flujo medido,hasta un factor 1O,seguidos por decaimientos lentos asociados con la fotodisociaci6n del OH. Se obtuvieron valores para el tiempo de vida fotoquimico del OH y del H2O basandose en el modelo desarrollado previamente por Silva(1988). Esos tiempos de vida estan de acuerdo con predicciones teoricas y con las observaciones en el Ultravioleta, y los resultados, los que son fuertemente dependientes de la velocidad heliocentrica del Coineta (variando hasta un factor 6), han sido calculados para varios rangos de velocidad entre +28 y -28 km/seg. Key wo'L :

  9. DIAGNÓSTICO DEL SECTOR TURÍSTICO DEL CANTÓN BOLÍVAR

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    Johnny Patricio Bayas Escudero

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Con el propósito de realizar el diagnóstico del sector turístico del cantón Bolívar, se partió, inicialmente, de la identificación de los recursos y atractivos turísticos existentes, asi como su nivel de incidencia en el desarrollo de esta jurisdicción, para posteriormente, proponer los potenciales productos turísticos que permitan la implementación de planes y programas de desarrollo del turismo. Para el cumplimiento de estos objetivos, se realizó una caracterización general del territorio, identificando e inventariando los recursos y atractivos turísticos del cantón, basándose en las fichas de inventario del Ministerio de Turismo y una propuesta de valoración de atractivos que dejaron como resultado un nuevo inventario de atractivos turísticos; se analizó la superestructura turística y la política turística cantonal; se caracterizó la infraestructura y servicios relativos al turismo; se analizó la oferta y demanda turística actual del cantón, determinando y analizando a su vez, la competencia directa que tiene el cantón para el desarrollo de esta actividad, se realizó el análisis FODA del componente turismo del cantón, que permitió proponer estrategias de desarrollo turístico para Bolívar. Se establecieron 13 potencialidades turísticas del cantón, cuantificando y cualificando su carácter y atributos; de los cuales, cuatro se consideran como las más significativas; en base a las potencialidades determinadas se caracterizaron las actividades turísticas potenciales a desarrollarse en base a categorías, redes de producto y niveles de intervención.

  10. Elementos del sistema electoral del Congreso Mexicano

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    Aldo Medina García

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo es un estudio de los componentes del sistema electoral, diseñado por el legislador mexicano para integrar al parlamento federal. Estudio desarrollado a sabiendas de la importancia que reviste el sistema electoral como un medio que permite a los ciudadanos convertir su voto expresado en las urnas en escaños a favor de determinado candidato o partido. En dicho análisis tomamos en cuenta la evolución constitucional del sistema electoral mexicano, la participación de las fuerzas minoritarias en la integración del Senado y de la Cámara de Diputados, la división que se hace del territorio en circunscripciones electorales, la barrera electoral que se fija a los partidos políticos para acceder a la representación en el Parlamento, la fórmula de asignación que se aplica a la votación obtenida, para finalmente concluir que el sistema electoral mexicano es esencialmente mayoritario aun cuando se vista de proporcional.

  11. Dimensión integral e interdisciplinaria del concepto de comportamiento del consumidor

    OpenAIRE

    Gil Hernández, Cleysi Yumara; Torres Estrada, Isabel Cristina; López Torres, Zulima Azeneth

    2013-01-01

    Este artículo busca analizar el aporte teórico que la economía, la antropología,la psicología, la sociología y la estética hacen al estudio del concepto decomportamiento del consumidor.El estudio del comportamiento del consumidor debe buscar una miradaintegral, que permita, desde diferentes saberes y disciplinas, comprender alsujeto, su entorno y sus prácticas de consumo.El estudio del consumidor no debe supeditarse exclusivamente a los momentosdel consumo; su comprensión implica un análisis ...

  12. Identificación del genotipo del virus del papiloma humano en pacientes portadoras de lesiones cérvico uterinas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander Morales Fontaine

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: en los últimos años se ha observado un elevado predominio de mujeres infestadas por genotipos del  Virus del Papiloma Humano considerados de alto riesgo por su elevada oncogenicidad.Objetivo: identificar los genotipos del Virus del Papiloma Humano en pacientes portadoras de este con lesiones cervicales, cuyas biopsias fueron analizadas en el departamento de anatomía patológica, perteneciente al Hospital General Docente ¨Ernesto Guevara de la Serna¨, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2013 a diciembre de 2014.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, en 45 pacientes cuyas biopsias fueron tomadas de forma aleatoria de un total de 456 casos en los que se encontraron evidencias histopatológicas de infección por el  Virus del Papiloma Humano, en el período referido período de estudio. Las biopsias fueron enviadas al Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del departamento de Virología del Instituto de Medicina Tropical ´´Pedro Kourí´, a fin de aislar e identificar los tipos de este virus, involucrados en la patogénesis de las lesiones premalignas en estudio. Se utilizaron fuentes secundarias dadas por los resultados de la identificación del genotipo del virus aislado enviados desde dicha institución. Los datos se procearon según la estadística descriptiva, mediante el análisis porcentual.Resultados: en el 88,8 % de la muestra se obtuvo infestación por el Virus del Papiloma Humano, de alto riesgo de oncogenicidad, de ellos hay una preponderancia del genotipo 16, con 26 casos (57,7 % seguido del 31 con 12 aislamientos (26,6 % y 2 pacientes presentaron el genotipo 52 para el 4,4 %. El 6,6 % de la muestra resultó estar infestadas por el genotipo 11, el cual es considerado de bajo riesgo y en 2 casos no fue posible realizar la tipificación.Conclusiones: Existió gran predominio de pacientes afectadas por Virus de Papiloma Humano de alto riesgo de oncogenicidad.

  13. Estudio de la relación del ascenso del nivel del Mar Caspio con el regadio en la Cuenca del Mar de Aral

    OpenAIRE

    Vidal Cruz, Rafael

    2004-01-01

    El nivel del Mar Caspio ha venido subiendo desde mediados de los años 60. Se plantea la conjetura de que este ascenso sea debido al augmento de las extensiones de cultivo situadas en las cuencas de regadío del Mar de Aral. Ello provoca un aumento de humedad atmosférica, que es transportada hacia la cuenca del Mar Caspio. El objetivo de la tesina es estudiar dicha conjetura.

  14. POTENCIAL ENERGÉTICO DE RESIDUOS AGROINDUSTRIALES DEL DEPARTAMENTO DEL CAUCA, A PARTIR DEL PODER CALORÍFICO INFERIOR

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    DEYANIRA MUÑOZM

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Se determinaron los valores energéticos de los residuos agroindustriales del departamento del Cauca, mediante análisis del poder calorífico, datos técnicos reportados en las tablas estadísticas del Anuario Estadístico del Sector Agropecuario y Pesquero 2011 y con las expresiones simples presentadas en la metodología de Antolín G.G para el cálculo de variables energéticas.Los valores obtenidos del poder caloríficoen base seca fueron: 116187,97kJ/kgpara bagacillo de caña, 15419,95kJ/kg para polvillo de fique y 15262,18kJ/kg para afrecho de yuca.El valor promediodelas mezcla fue de 15623,35kJ/kg.Se concluye que 15623,35 kJ/kg representa la energía promedio que puede liberarse en un proceso de combustión deestos residuos y es comparable con la energía liberada por otras fuentes de biomasa. El potencial energético del bagacillo de caña con el valor de 163.45TJ/año, contribuye con el 35.73% de la energía, por lo cual ofrece mayores ventajas energéticas en comparación alvalor del afrecho de yuca,que tiene un potencial de 0.91 TJ/año. La mezcla con la mejor característica energética esta compuesta por 33.3% bagacillo de caña, 33.3% polvillo de fique y 33.3% afrecho de yuca y tiene un potencial energético de 48.39 TJ/año.

  15. Habermas y Parsons: La búsqueda del reencantamiento del mundo

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    JOSÉ ENRIQUE RODRÍGUEZ IBÁÑEZ

    1981-01-01

    Full Text Available Se comparan las tradiciones críticas y analíticas a través de un análisis del concepto de Habermas sobre el "universal pragmático" (Comunicación y la evolución de la sociedad y la noción de Talcott Parson del "paradigma de la condición humana" (Teoría de la Acción y la condición humana. Habermas y Parsons insisten fuertemente en el elemento simbólico del lenguaje en la sociedad, tendente al misterio y el reencantamiento de las categorías epistemológicas fundamentales. Sus posiciones deben su identidad y sentido del futuro a la sociedad industrial avanzada. La recuperación por parte de Habermas del diálogo entre las esferas teórica ("universal pragmático" e histórica ("paradigma reconstructivo", rompiendo con las posiciones del marxismo y los creadores de la Escuela de Frankfurt, abren un camino esperanzador para la investigación. Se analiza el normativismo epistemológico oculto del "paradigma de la condición humana" de Parson a través de sus primeros trabajos. El conflicto entre las tradiciones analítica y crítica se atribuye a diferentes grados de énfasis normativo-subjetivos y generativo-intersubjetivos.

  16. La psicología del ejercicio y del deporte en Brasil y América del Sur

    OpenAIRE

    Becker Júnior, Benno

    2001-01-01

    Es difícil determinar el inicio exacto de la Psicología del Ejercicio y Deporte en un país, mayormente en América del Sur, sin correr el riesgo de cometer varias injusticias, pues estos eventos tienen poca o ninguna divulgación. Los registros oficiales realizados por Feige (1977) muestran que la Psicología del Ejercicio y Deporte, en América del Sur, se inició en Brasil, en 1954 en el Departamento de Árbitros de la Federación Paulista de Fútbol. Ahora está en su quinta década, con 47 anos. Es...

  17. Factores psicosociales del presentismo en trabajadores del Sistema de Salud chileno

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    Aldo Vera-Calzaretta

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio analizó los factores psicosociales que explicaban el presentismo o deterioro laboral autopercibido asociado a trabajar enfermo. La muestra fue de 676 trabajadores del sistema de salud chileno (84% de mujeres, M = 35.9 anos, en su mayoría enfermeras y técnicos paramédicos. Se aplicó un cuestiona- ˜ rio sociodemográfico, el Job Content Questionnaire, el Effort-Reward Imbalance, el Health Performance Questionnaire y una escala de interferencia del trabajo en la vida familiar. La regresión lineal explicó el 21% de la varianza del deterioro laboral percibido. Este último se asoció a asistir a trabajar enfermo. Los resultados sugieren que el deterioro del desempeno y asistir a trabajar enfermo son dos aspectos del ˜ mismo proceso. El ausentismo por razones de salud, la interferencia del trabajo en la vida familiar y la sintomatología emocional predijeron el deterioro laboral. Éste último se asoció negativamente a trabajar en turnos, controlando edad y salario. Los resultados sugieren que el presentismo es explicado por factores del contexto de trabajo y el conflicto trabajo-familia.

  18. Acciones intersectoriales en la estimulación temprana del desarrollo del lenguaje

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Déborah Magaly López Salas

    Full Text Available Se realizó un análisis del proyecto "Acciones intersectoriales en la estimulación temprana del desarrollo del lenguaje" con el objetivo propiciar un estudio social sobre la gestión del conocimiento y la innovación tecnológica en la dirección de programas para la estimulación del desarrollo de menores en edad preescolar, desde la visión de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad. Se muestran conceptos afines al tema, necesarios en la comprensión de la idea de reorganización de los servicios vinculados a la estimulación y atención temprana del desarrollo del lenguaje desde la comunidad, con la participación de profesionales de diferentes instituciones, y se demuestra la necesidad de comprender los estudios de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad como un campo de acción en la actualidad en Cuba.

  19. Eficacia del difusor de feromona de procesionaria del pino Pherocon PPM®

    OpenAIRE

    Durán, María; Rodrigo Santamalia, Mª Eugenia; Pérez Laorga, Eduardo; Mas i Gisbert, Hugo

    2012-01-01

    Los resultados de este trabajo forman parte del trabajo de fin de carrera presentado en la Universidad Politecnica de Valencia por Maria Duran Lázaro y dirigido por la Dra. Eugenia Rodrigo Santamalia y Eduardo Perez Laorga con el titulo "Influencia del tipo de trampa en la captura de mariposas de la procesionaria del pino (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) en la sierra Calderona" [ES] Se ha ensayado la eficacia de un difusor de la feromona de la procesionaria del pino fabricado por la em...

  20. La luz del origen del universo

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    Casas, Alberto

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Penzias and Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background, a luminous echo of the Big Bang, in 1965. The amount of information encoded in this relic of the early universe is truly extraordinary. At present, the most precise data about the origin and structure of the universe comes from the study of this primordial light, the full potential of which has yet to be explored.En 1965 se descubrió el fondo de radiación de microondas, un eco luminoso de la Gran Explosión (Big Bang. La cantidad de información contenida en esta reliquia del universo primitivo es verdaderamente extraordinaria. En la actualidad los datos más precisos sobre el origen y estructura del universo provienen del estudio de esta luz primigenia, que aún no ha sido explorada en todo su potencial.

  1. Diámetro transverso del cerebelo fetal en la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino

    OpenAIRE

    Salazar de Dugarte, Guillermina

    2011-01-01

    Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento de la biometría del cerebelo fetal en su diámetro transverso, en los casos con restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Ambiente: Servicio de Perinatología, Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara", Puerto Cabello. Métodos: Estudio transversal, de correlación. En 1 569 fetos se realizó la biometría del diámetro transverso del cerebelo, para la construcción del nomograma del mismo. Se estableció una comparación entre los valores del diámetro transverso del cerebel...

  2. Identificación del genotipo del virus del papiloma humano en pacientes portadoras de lesiones cérvico uterinas

    OpenAIRE

    Alexander Morales Fontaine; Odalys Rufina Peña Pérez; Alicia María Yabor Palomo; Vicente de Jesús Alvarez Yabor

    2016-01-01

    Fundamento: en los últimos años se ha observado un elevado predominio de mujeres infestadas por genotipos del  Virus del Papiloma Humano considerados de alto riesgo por su elevada oncogenicidad.Objetivo: identificar los genotipos del Virus del Papiloma Humano en pacientes portadoras de este con lesiones cervicales, cuyas biopsias fueron analizadas en el departamento de anatomía patológica, perteneciente al Hospital General Docente ¨Ernesto Guevara de la Serna¨, en el período comprendido entre...

  3. Liderazgo del director y el compromiso organizacional de los docentes del nivel secundario de las Instituciones Educativas del distrito de Chancay, 2014

    OpenAIRE

    Velásquez García, Luis Alberto

    2015-01-01

    El presente estudio se centra en describir cómo se relaciona el liderazgo del director y el compromiso organizacional de los docentes del nivel secundario de las Instituciones Educativas del distrito de Chancay, 2014. El nivel de la presente investigación es cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo correlacional. La muestra es probabilística de 117 docentes del nivel secundario de las Instituciones Educativas del distrito de Chancay, 2014. Los instrumentos utilizados para observar ...

  4. Effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids on Toll-like receptor activation in primary leucocytes from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arnemo, Marianne; Kavaliauskis, Arturas; Andresen, Adriana Magalhaes Santos; Bou, Marta; Berge, Gerd Marit; Ruyter, Bente; Gjøen, Tor

    2017-08-01

    The shortage of the n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the international markets has led to increasing substitution of fish oil by plant oils in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) feed and thereby reducing the EPA and DHA content in salmon. However, the minimum required levels of these fatty acids in fish diets for securing fish health are unknown. Fish were fed with 0, 1 or 2% EPA or DHA alone or in combination of both over a period, growing from 50 to 400 g. Primary head kidney leucocytes were isolated and stimulated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands to determine if EPA and DHA deficiency can affect expression of important immune genes and eicosanoid production. Several genes related to viral immune response did not vary between groups. However, there was a tendency that the high-level EPA and DHA groups expressed lower levels of IL-1β in non-stimulated leucocytes. These leucocytes were also more responsive to the TLR ligands, inducing higher expression levels of IL-1β and Mx1 after stimulation. The levels of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 in serum and media from stimulated leucocytes were lower in both low and high EPA and DHA groups. In conclusion, leucocytes from low EPA and DHA groups seemed to be less responsive towards immunostimulants, like TLR ligands, indicating that low levels or absence of dietary EPA and DHA may have immunosuppressive effects.

  5. Antioxidant properties of salmon (Salmo salar L.) protein fraction hydrolysates revealed following their ex vivo digestion and in vitro hydrolysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Borawska, Justyna; Darewicz, Małgorzata; Pliszka, Monika; Vegarud, Gerd E

    2016-06-01

    Salmon (Salmo salar L.) myofibryllar protein (MP) and sarcoplasmic protein (SP) were digested with human gastric and duodenal juices and hydrolysed in vitro with commercial pepsin and Corolase PP. The digestion after duodenal juice/Corolase PP caused almost complete breakdown of peptide bonds in MP and SP. The DPPH(•) scavenging activity of proteins decreased during both ex vivo digestion and in vitro hydrolysis. The highest value of DPPH(•) scavenging activity was shown for the gastric digest of SP (8.88 ± 0.87%). The ABTS(+•) scavenging activity of MP and SP increased during digestion/hydrolysis. The duodenal digest of SP was characterised by the highest value of ABTS(+•) scavenging activity (72.7 ± 1.2%). In turn, the highest value of ferric-reducing power was determined for the gastric digest of SP (84.8 ± 0.2%). Salmon antioxidant peptides Phe-Ile-Lys-Lys, His-Leu, Ile-Tyr, Pro-His-Leu, Pro-Trp, Val-Pro-Trp were identified in both ex vivo digested and in vitro hydrolysed MP and SP. An antioxidant peptide, Val-Tyr, was additionally detected in the in vitro hydrolysate of SP. The results indicate the salmon myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein fractions as potential sources of antioxidant peptides that could be released in the gastrointestinal tract but their amino acid sequence and quantification vary. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

  6. Local and systemic humoral immune response in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) under a natural amoebic gill disease outbreak.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marcos-López, Mar; Espinosa Ruiz, Cristóbal; Rodger, Hamish D; O'Connor, Ian; MacCarthy, Eugene; Esteban, M Ángeles

    2017-07-01

    Amoebic gill disease (AGD), caused by the protozoan parasite Neoparamoeba perurans, is one of the most significant infectious diseases for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) mariculture. The present study investigated the humoral immune response (both local in gill mucus and systemic in serum) of farmed Atlantic salmon naturally infected with N. perurans in commercial sea pens, at two different stages of the disease and after freshwater treatment. Parameters analysed included activity of immune related enzymes (i.e. lysozyme, peroxidase, protease, anti-protease, esterase, alkaline phosphatase), IgM levels, and the terminal carbohydrate profile in the gill mucus. Overall, greater variations between groups were noted in the immune parameters determined in gill mucus than the equivalent in the serum. In gill mucus, IgM levels and peroxidase, lysozyme, esterase and protease activities were decreased in fish showing longer exposure time to the infection and higher disease severity, then showed a sequential increase after treatment. Results obtained highlight the capacity of gills to elicit a local response to the infection, indicate an impaired immune response at the later stages of the disease, and show partial reestablishment of the host immune status after freshwater treatment. In addition to providing data on the humoral response to AGD, this study increases knowledge on gill mucosal humoral immunity, since some of the parameters were analysed for the first time in gill mucus. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Consideraciones preliminares entorno del pensamiento pedagógico del Profesor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JEFFER HARVEY CABEZAS

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El pensamiento pedagógico del profesor, como un mar insondable, es hoy en día, un referente primordial dentro del devenir propio de la Educación, adquiere sentido a partir de lo que el profesor siente, piensa, dice y hace. Por eso, esta reflexión surge como producto de la necesidad de establecer un miramiento entorno del pensamiento pedagógico del profesor desde algunas tipologías pedagógicas que en marcan la práctica pedagógica del profesor, las cuales sugieren una manera de cómo el profesor asume la pedagogía, y por tanto, se visibiliza en las acciones de aula, en donde ella se piensa desde las posibilidades individuales y colectivas del profesor. En donde la pedagogía es la oportunidad de la reflexión, para aminorar la brecha existente entre la teoría y la práctica, para tejer las relaciones que se enmarcan en los ambientes de aprendizaje; es decir, en ese espacio conceptual, donde estudiantes y profesores son sujetos epistemológicos, éticos y políticos que conforman parte activa de la sociedad.

  8. Development and validation of a high density SNP genotyping array for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-01-01

    Background Dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays provide extensive information on polymorphic variation across the genome of species of interest. Such information can be used in studies of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits and to improve the accuracy of selection in breeding programs. In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), these goals are currently hampered by the lack of a high-density SNP genotyping platform. Therefore, the aim of the study was to develop and test a dense Atlantic salmon SNP array. Results SNP discovery was performed using extensive deep sequencing of Reduced Representation (RR-Seq), Restriction site-Associated DNA (RAD-Seq) and mRNA (RNA-Seq) libraries derived from farmed and wild Atlantic salmon samples (n = 283) resulting in the discovery of > 400 K putative SNPs. An Affymetrix Axiom® myDesign Custom Array was created and tested on samples of animals of wild and farmed origin (n = 96) revealing a total of 132,033 polymorphic SNPs with high call rate, good cluster separation on the array and stable Mendelian inheritance in our sample. At least 38% of these SNPs are from transcribed genomic regions and therefore more likely to include functional variants. Linkage analysis utilising the lack of male recombination in salmonids allowed the mapping of 40,214 SNPs distributed across all 29 pairs of chromosomes, highlighting the extensive genome-wide coverage of the SNPs. An identity-by-state clustering analysis revealed that the array can clearly distinguish between fish of different origins, within and between farmed and wild populations. Finally, Y-chromosome-specific probes included on the array provide an accurate molecular genetic test for sex. Conclusions This manuscript describes the first high-density SNP genotyping array for Atlantic salmon. This array will be publicly available and is likely to be used as a platform for high-resolution genetics research into traits of evolutionary and economic importance in

  9. Uptake and effects of 2, 4, 6 - trinitrotoluene (TNT) in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mariussen, Espen; Stornes, Siv Marie; Bøifot, Kari Oline; Rosseland, Bjørn Olav; Salbu, Brit; Heier, Lene Sørlie

    2018-01-01

    Organ specific uptake and depuration, and biological effects in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were studied. Two experiments were conducted, the first using radiolabeled TNT ( 14 C-TNT, 0.16mg/L) to study uptake (48h) and depuration (48h), while the second experiment focused on physiological effects in fish exposed to increasing concentrations of unlabeled TNT (1μg-1mg/L) for 48h. The uptake of 14 C-TNT in the gills and most of the organs increased rapidly during the first 6h of exposure (12h in the brain) followed by a rapid decrease even though the fish were still exposed to TNT in the water. The radioactivity in the gall bladder reached a maximum after 55h, 7h after the transfer to the clean water. A high concentration of 14 C-TNT in the gall bladder indicates that TNT is excreted through the gall bladder. Mortality (2 out of 14) was observed at a concentration of 1mg/L, and the surviving fish had hemorrhages in the dorsal muscle tissue near the spine. Analysis of the physiological parameters in blood from the high exposure group revealed severe effects, with an increase in the levels of glucose, urea and HCO 3 , and a decrease in hematocrit and the levels of Cl and hemoglobin. No effects on blood physiology were observed in fish exposed to the lower concentrations of TNT (1-100μg/L). TNT and the metabolites 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) were found in the muscle tissue, whereas only 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT were found in the bile. The rapid excretion and estimated bioconcentration factors (range of 2-18 after 48h in gills, blood, liver, kidney, muscle and brain) indicated a low potential for bioaccumulation of TNT. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. Comparative responses to endocrine disrupting compounds in early life stages of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

    Science.gov (United States)

    Duffy, Tara A.; Iwanowicz, Luke R.; McCormick, Stephen D.

    2014-01-01

    Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are endangered anadromous fish that may be exposed to feminizing endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) during early development, potentially altering physiological capacities, survival and fitness. To assess differential life stage sensitivity to common EDCs, we carried out short-term (four day) exposures using three doses each of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17β-estradiol (E2), and nonylphenol (NP) on four early life stages; embryos, yolk-sac larvae, feeding fry and one year old smolts. Differential response was compared using vitellogenin (Vtg, a precursor egg protein) gene transcription. Smolts were also examined for impacts on plasma Vtg, cortisol, thyroid hormones (T4/T3) and hepatosomatic index (HSI). Compound-related mortality was not observed in any life stage, but Vtg mRNA was elevated in a dose-dependent manner in yolk-sac larvae, fry and smolts but not in embyos. The estrogens EE2 and E2 were consistently stronger inducers of Vtg than NP. Embryos responded significantly to the highest concentration of EE2 only, while older life stages responded to the highest doses of all three compounds, as well as intermediate doses of EE2 and E2. Maximal transcription was greater for fry among the three earliest life stages, suggesting fry may be the most responsive life stage in early development. Smolt plasma Vtg was also significantly increased, and this response was observed at lower doses of each compound than was detected by gene transcription suggesting this is a more sensitive indicator at this life stage. HSI was increased at the highest doses of EE2 and E2 and plasma T3 decreased at the highest dose of EE2. Our results indicate that all life stages after hatching are potentially sensitive to endocrine disruption by estrogenic compounds and that physiological responses were altered over a short window of exposure, indicating the potential for these compounds to impact fish in the wild.

  11. Comparative responses to endocrine disrupting compounds in early life stages of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Duffy, T A; Iwanowicz, L R; McCormick, S D

    2014-07-01

    Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are endangered anadromous fish that may be exposed to feminizing endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) during early development, potentially altering physiological capacities, survival and fitness. To assess differential life stage sensitivity to common EDCs, we carried out short-term (4 day) exposures using three doses each of 17 α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17 β-estradiol (E2), and nonylphenol (NP) on four early life stages; embryos, yolk-sac larvae, feeding fry and 1 year old smolts. Differential response was compared using vitellogenin (Vtg, a precursor egg protein) gene transcription. Smolts were also examined for impacts on plasma Vtg, cortisol, thyroid hormones (T4/T3) and hepatosomatic index (HSI). Compound-related mortality was not observed in any life stage, but Vtg mRNA was elevated in a dose-dependent manner in yolk-sac larvae, fry and smolts but not in embryos. The estrogens EE2 and E2 were consistently stronger inducers of Vtg than NP. Embryos responded significantly to the highest concentration of EE2 only, while older life stages responded to the highest doses of all three compounds, as well as intermediate doses of EE2 and E2. Maximal transcription was greater for fry among the three earliest life stages, suggesting fry may be the most responsive life stage in early development. Smolt plasma Vtg was also significantly increased, and this response was observed at lower doses of each compound than was detected by gene transcription suggesting plasma Vtg is a more sensitive indicator at this life stage. HSI was increased at the highest doses of EE2 and E2, and plasma T3 was decreased at the highest dose of EE2. Our results indicate that all life stages are potentially sensitive to endocrine disruption by estrogenic compounds and that physiological responses were altered over a short window of exposure, indicating the potential for these compounds to impact fish in the wild. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights

  12. Early stress responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of uranium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Song You; Salbu, Brit; Heier, Lene Sørlie; Teien, Hans-Christian; Lind, Ole-Christian; Oughton, Deborah; Petersen, Karina; Rosseland, Bjørn Olav; Skipperud, Lindis; Tollefsen, Knut Erik

    2012-01-01

    Uranium (U) is a naturally occurring heavy metal widely used in many military and civil applications. Uranium contamination and the associated potential adverse effects of U on the aquatic environment have been debated during recent years. In order to understand the effect and mode of action (MoA) of U in vivo, juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were exposed to 0.25 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L waterborne depleted uranyl acetate, respectively, in a static system for 48 h. The U concentrations in the gill and liver were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the resulting biological effects were determined by a combination of analysis of gene expression and micronuclei formation. The hepatic transcriptional level of 12 biomarker genes from four stress–response categories, including oxidative stress (γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), DNA damage and repair (P53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (P21), growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene gamma (Gadd45G), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Rad51), apoptosis (Bcl2-associated X protein (BAX), Bcl-x, Caspase 6A,) and protein degradation (Ubiquitin) were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-rtPCR). The results clearly showed accumulation of U in the gill and liver with increasing concentrations of U in the exposure water. The effects of U on differential hepatic gene expression also occurred in a concentration-dependent manner, although deviations from ideal concentration–response relationships were observed at the highest U concentration (1.0 mg/L). All the genes tested were found to be up-regulated by U while no significant micronuclei formation was identified. The results suggest that U may cause oxidative stress in fish liver at concentrations greater than 0.25 mg/L, giving rise to clear induction of several toxicologically relevant biomarker genes, although no significant

  13. Análisis del efecto del fuego y de la presencia de contaminantes sobre la actividad y biodiversidad microbiana del suelo

    OpenAIRE

    Turmero Hidalgo, Adriana Isabel

    2013-01-01

    La salud de un suelo se puede definir como la capacidad del mismo para funcionar como un sistema vivo dentro de un ecosistema, sustentar la productividad biológica, promover la calidad ambiental y mantener la salud de plantas, animales y del hombre. El concepto de salud del suelo se relaciona, por tanto, con las características biológicas, químicas y físicas del mismo, que son esenciales para una productividad agrícola sostenible a largo plazo, con un mínimo impacto ambiental. El estudio del...

  14. Efectividad del uso del mate de coca en la reducción del estrés laboral en

    OpenAIRE

    Rivera-Encinas, María Teresa

    2016-01-01

    Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del uso del mate de coca en la reducción del estrés laboral en administrativos de una universidad y determinar sus principales características sociodemográficas.Material y métodos: Se aplicó el cuestionario para la detección del estrés laboral de la OIT/OMS a dos grupos de trabajadores, experimental (10) y control (10), empleando randomización simple. Se hizo un experimento cruzado en 31 días, utilizando mate de coca y agua para cada grupo. Se utilizó el análi...

  15. Microempresas del sector formal de comercio en Cuernavaca, Morelos, y contratación del capital humano (2000-2006. El aprovechamiento del régimen del riesgo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Philippe Dautrey

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Las transformaciones del entorno, como la apertura comercial y la difusión de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC pueden explicar las prácticas nuevas de contratación en las microempresas del sector formal de comercio, el más dinámico en la zona metropolitana de Cuernavaca, capital del estado de Morelos. ¿Cuál es entonces e nivel educativo que requiere el capital humano para ser contratado?, ¿son la competencia comercial y el uso de la informática los únicos factores explicativos de dichas prácticas? De hecho, la extensión del régimen del riesgo global, esto es, el incremento de la precariedad laboral y del desempleo hace que se contrate a personas que sean "empleables" de inmediato, y que parte de la capacitación en el trabajo sea externa, limitándola así a ciertas categorías de trabajadores.

  16. L'ampliamento della teoria del linguaggio letterario e l'analisi del fatto letterario

    OpenAIRE

    Albaladejo Mayordomo, Tomás; Chico Rico, Francisco

    2010-01-01

    El presente estudio aborda el problema de la ampliación de la teoría del lenguaje literario hacia lo que podemos llamar una «teoría del hecho literario» a lo largo del siglo XX. Dicha ampliación ha tenido lugar gracias al desarrollo de la Poética lingüística como teoría del texto literario de amplitud semiótica y abarcadora, por tanto, del conjunto del hecho literario y mediante el empleo de otras perspectivas teórico-críticas de raigambre no lingüístico-inmanentista que potencian la atención...

  17. Reconstrucción del enfoque del aumento y generación del efectivo para la Pyme de manufactura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igor Rivera González

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo parte de la hipótesis de que el aumento continuo del efectivo es el objetivo principal dentro de las pequeñas y medianas empresas privadas de manufactura3. Nuestra finalidad es realizar una propuesta teórica acerca de cómo definir la paramétrica referida al aumento del efectivo en un periodo a través del análisis de la forma en que se genera el efectivo dentro de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pyme de trasformación; para ello, se resalta la importancia de tres elementos clave que intervienen en la generación del efectivo: a el proceso de transformación, b la optimización del flujo de materiales y de información y c la creación de valor.

  18. del alcoholismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Arias Duque

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Desde el punto de vista farmacológico, es importante comprender qué es el alcohol y cómo actúa en el organismo. No existe una causa simple, sino una interacción complicada de factores neuroquímicos, fisiológicos, psicológicos y sociales que originan y desarrollan esta grave enfermedad fármaco-dependiente. La acción psicofisiológica y farmacodinámica del alcohol es fundamentalmente depresiva, por la reducción de la transmisión sináptica en el sistema nervioso humano. Es un hecho conocido que el consumo excesivo de alcohol causa una disfunción aguda y crónica del cerebro, produciendo trastornos en el sistema nervioso central, presentando alteraciones en la memoria y en las funciones intelectuales como cálculo, comprensión y aprendizaje. A nivel hepático tiene lugar, en su mayoría, el metabolismo del alcohol, produciéndose un hígado graso alcohólico, aumentando el tamaño, terminando en necrosis e inflamación grave del hígado; esto se llama hepatitis alcohólica, y si se sigue consumiendo alcohol se desarrollará la cirrosis. El alcohol también ha estado relacionado con alteraciones del miocardio; se ha constatado en animales de experimentación sanos que tanto la velocidad de contracción del músculo cardiaco y su máxima tensión disminuyen en presencia del alcohol, como consecuencia, la fuerza de cada contracción y el aumento de presión en el ventrículo izquierdo son menores, perdiendo eficacia el corazón como bomba.

  19. La aplicación del principio del equilibrio económico a contratos estatales sometidos al régimen normativo del derecho privado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuela Canal-Silva

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available En vista de la importancia del equilibrio económico del contrato dentro del marco de la contratación pública, el presente artículo pretende demostrar la procedencia de su aplicación a los contratos estatales sometidos al régimen del derecho privado. Mediante la reflexión y el estudio de la jurisprudencia sobre el tema se presentarán los principales motivos expuestos por las providencias que apoyan la tesis planteada. Se exponen así los temas del interés colectivo y los preceptos constitucionales como bases de este principio del equilibrio económico. Para luego examinar la conmutatividad del contrato y el debate frente a la consideración del equilibrio económico como un principio transversal al derecho público y privado.

  20. Imaginarios persistentes en las narrativas sobre la invasión del Tawantinsuyu : estudio del caso del secuestro y magnicidio del Hanan Inka Atawallpa, ocurridos en Cajamarca (Perú: 1532 y 1533)

    OpenAIRE

    Ontiveros, Asunción

    2014-01-01

    Ontiveros, Asunción. (2015). Imaginarios persistentes en las narrativas sobre la invasión del Tawantinsuyu. Estudio del caso del secuestro y magnicidio del Hanan Inka Atawallpa, ocurridos en Cajamarca (Perú: 1532 y 1533) (Tesis de posgrado). Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina: Repositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto. Disponible en: http://ridaa.demo.unq.edu.ar La producción de narrativas y o formas simbólicas relacionadas a los acontecimientos del secuestro y m...

  1. Determinantes del acceso al internet: Evidencia de los hogares del Ecuador

    OpenAIRE

    Botello-Peñaloza, Héctor Alberto

    2015-01-01

    El objetivo del artículo se centra en investigar los determinantes del uso de Iinternet en los hogares ecuatorianos en 2013, incorporando sus características socioeconómicas dentro de un modelo de elección discreta que realiza estimaciones sobre la probabilidad del uso de internet dentro del hogar con base en los microdatos de la encuesta de uso de TIC. Los principales hallazgos sugieren que el ingreso y el grado de educación de los individuos ejercen las mayores influencias positivas en el u...

  2. DIAGNÓSTICO DEL SECTOR TURÍSTICO DEL CANTÓN BOLÍVAR

    OpenAIRE

    Johnny Patricio Bayas Escudero; Carmen Adriana Álvarez Bermúdez; David Reinaldo García Moreira; José Rafael Vera Vera

    2013-01-01

    Con el propósito de realizar el diagnóstico del sector turístico del cantón Bolívar, se partió, inicialmente, de la identificación de los recursos y atractivos turísticos existentes, asi como su nivel de incidencia en el desarrollo de esta jurisdicción, para posteriormente, proponer los potenciales productos turísticos que permitan la implementación de planes y programas de desarrollo del turismo. Para el cumplimiento de estos objetivos, se realizó una caracterización general del territorio, ...

  3. Alcance del principio de eficacia directa del derecho comunitario andino en el ámbito de la propiedad industrial y del derecho del consumidor en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano

    OpenAIRE

    Pachón Guerrero, Juan Sebastián

    2017-01-01

    Tesis sobre el alcance del principio de eficacia directa del derecho comunitario andino en el ámbito de la propiedad industrial y del derecho del consumidor en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano Thesis related to the scope of the principle of direct effectiveness of andean community law in the field of industrial property and consumer law in the Colombian legal system

  4. Acerca del nombre del Perú en la actual Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Friede

    1962-03-01

    Full Text Available Como es sabido, la adaptación del nombre "Perú" al Imperio Incaico es de origen netamente español. Los indios del Perú no llamaban así a su territorio, como lo confirman Valera, Cieza de León, Montesinos, Garcilaso y otros. Tenían nombres para designar las distintas provincias pero no para la totalidad del imperio de los incas.

  5. Consistencia interna del cuestionario autoadministrado de la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para Trastornos del Eje II del DSM-IV*

    OpenAIRE

    Campo-Arias, Adalberto; Díaz-Martínez, Luis Alfonso; Barros-Bermúdez, Jaider Alfonso

    2008-01-01

    Introducción: Es infrecuente identificar posibles casos de trastornos de personalidad en la población general, debido a la carencia de instrumentos autoadministrados con buena validez y confiabilidad. Hasta la fecha no se ha explorado la confiabilidad del cuestionario autoadministrado de la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para Diagnósticos del eje II (SDID-II) del DSM-IV en la población colombiana. Objetivo: Determinar la consistencia interna de las subescalas del cuestionario autoadministrad...

  6. Determinantes en el proceso del despliegue del valor para la innovación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Mejía Trejo

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available El estudio tiene como objetivo hallar las determinantes en el proceso del despliegue del valor para la innovación de productos. la metodología, basada en investigación documental, descubre tres áreas: I: qfd modificado, donde se consideran las percepciones ponderadas del consumidor de necesidades, satisfacción y desempeño de los diferentes atributos y características de los productos y servicios a través de voces denominadas: del consumidor, la mercadotecnia, la tecnología, los requerimientos y la firma; área II: valorprecio y costo de retención del consumidor, en la que se calcula el precio justo del producto objetivo a innovar respecto de sus competidores y costo de retener al consumidor; área III: difusión de la innovación, que permite visualizar el mercado de adoptadores del producto objetivo a innovar. El proceso es posible visualizarlo en un solo plano, por lo que se propone su denominación como despliegue del valor para la innovación de productos (dvip.

  7. Análisis del documental “Las raices del conflicto: Palestina- Israel”

    OpenAIRE

    Espinosa Seguí, Ana

    2011-01-01

    El documental "Las raices del conflicto: Palestina- Israel" nos va a servir para analizar diversos elementos del conflicto entre Israel y Palestina, como la evolución histórica del conflicto, las fronteras exteriores e interiores de Israel y Palestina, los conflictos de Israel con los países vecinos, el conflicto por el agua, la creación del estado de Israel y su crecimiento posterior o el problema de los refugiados palestinos.

  8. Vigencia del Darwinismo

    OpenAIRE

    Lessa, Enrique P

    2009-01-01

    En este ensayo se presenta una revisión histórica del signifcado y legado del darwinismo, con énfasis en el último siglo. La principal conclusión es que la visión darwiniana de la evolución, con las modifcaciones requeridas para dar cuenta de los grandes desarrollos de la disciplina, se ha impuesto y mantiene vigencia en nuestros días. En particular, el papel del azar, la evolución como proceso de “descendencia con modifcación” a lo largo de diversas ramas del árbol de la vida, el pensamiento...

  9. Coping with unpredictability: dopaminergic and neurotrophic responses to omission of expected reward in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vindas, Marco A; Sørensen, Christina; Johansen, Ida B; Folkedal, Ole; Höglund, Erik; Khan, Uniza W; Stien, Lars H; Kristiansen, Tore S; Braastad, Bjarne O; Øverli, Øyvind

    2014-01-01

    Comparative studies are imperative for understanding the evolution of adaptive neurobiological processes such as neural plasticity, cognition, and emotion. Previously we have reported that prolonged omission of expected rewards (OER, or 'frustrative nonreward') causes increased aggression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Here we report changes in brain monoaminergic activity and relative abundance of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine receptor mRNA transcripts in the same paradigm. Groups of fish were initially conditioned to associate a flashing light with feeding. Subsequently, the expected food reward was delayed for 30 minutes during two out of three meals per day in the OER treatment, while the previously established routine was maintained in control groups. After 8 days there was no effect of OER on baseline brain stem serotonin (5-HT) or dopamine (DA) activity. Subsequent exposure to acute confinement stress led to increased plasma cortisol and elevated turnover of brain stem DA and 5-HT in all animals. The DA response was potentiated and DA receptor 1 (D1) mRNA abundance was reduced in the OER-exposed fish, indicating a sensitization of the DA system. In addition OER suppressed abundance of BDNF in the telencephalon of non-stressed fish. Regardless of OER treatment, a strong positive correlation between BDNF and D1 mRNA abundance was seen in non-stressed fish. This correlation was disrupted by acute stress, and replaced by a negative correlation between BDNF abundance and plasma cortisol concentration. These observations indicate a conserved link between DA, neurotrophin regulation, and corticosteroid-signaling pathways. The results also emphasize how fish models can be important tools in the study of neural plasticity and responsiveness to environmental unpredictability.

  10. El toro de la Virgen y la industria textil en Grazalema

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    GINÉS SERRAN PAGAN

    1979-01-01

    Full Text Available El Festival de Toros, dedicado a la Santa Virgen del Carmen, tiene lugar cada año en el pueblo de Grazalema, cerca de Cádiz. Desde hace tiempo, el pueblo se ha dividido en el barrio "alto" y el barrio "bajo", dominados por sus respectivas iglesias y cofradías. Durante la revolución industrial Grazalema floreció económicamente e implementó una desarrollada industria textil, la cual se integraba en una red de intercambio económico que incluía a Madrid, Barcelona y Cádiz. Hacia el cambio de siglo, este sistema se destruyó a causa de la disminución en la demanda de productos textiles. Se interpreta la Procesión del Toro como un símbolo de las relaciones entre el barrio "alto" y el barrio "bajo". El barrio "alto" estaba compuesto en su mayoría por trabajadores. En el apogeo de la industria textil, el toro era soltado únicamente el en barrio bajo. Ahora la procesión avanza por ambos barrios, y las rivalidades de otrora se han disuelto. Siendo un símbolo del poder y la fuerza del barrio "bajo", el toro ha perdido en la actualidad su significación en las relaciones sociales comunitarias.

  11. Determinantes del acceso al internet: Evidencia de los hogares del Ecuador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Alberto Botello-Peñaloza

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del artículo se centra en investigar los determinantes del uso de Iinternet en los hogares ecuatorianos en 2013, incorporando sus características socioeconómicas dentro de un modelo de elección discreta que realiza estimaciones sobre la probabilidad del uso de internet dentro del hogar, con base en los microdatos de la encuesta de uso de TIC. Los principales hallazgos sugieren que el ingreso y el grado de educación de los individuos ejercen las mayores influencias positivas en el uso de internet, al igual que se evidencian brechas significativas de género, con un asentamiento en las áreas rurales más que en las urbanas, especialmente por la falta de infraestructura. Estos resultados destacan la importancia de la intervención pública en el aumento del acceso a las nuevas tecnologías, a la vez que el papel del capital humano en la reducción de las brechas sociales en Ecuador.

  12. SISTEMA INFORMÁTICO PARA LA GESTIÓN DEL TALENTO HUMANO DEL GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DEL CANTÓN BOLÍVAR

    OpenAIRE

    Angel Cristian Mera Macías; Daniela Vera Vélez

    2016-01-01

    Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo la creación e implementación de un sistema informático para la gestión del talento humano del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal del cantón Bolívar. Durante el estudio se determinó cómo la organización en mención gestiona la información del talento humano y la manera en la que se podría mejorar dicha tarea, es así que mediante la aplicación de encuestas a los clientes internos y externos se determinó que existían dificultades en dicho pr...

  13. El movimiento estudiantil chileno del 2011 en intervenciones discursivas del Presidente Piñera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudio Araya Seguel

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo muestra evidencia lingüístico-discursiva del intento del Presidente Piñera por acallar las influencias sociales del movimiento estudiantil chileno del año 2011. Desde una mirada crítica se da cuenta del comportamiento discursivo de este hablante en el marco del primer conflicto social que enfrentó el nuevo gobierno de derecha en Chile. El valor teórico-metodológico de este estudio radica en la mirada triangular a las intervenciones discursivas. A través del análisis de un corpus de cuatro intervenciones presidenciales desde las perspectivas de las funciones estratégicas del discurso político, la teoría de la valoración y la lingüística de corpus se observa cómo Piñera deslegitima al movimiento social asociando las demandas referidas a educación con la violencia y el desorden público generado en el contexto de las crecientes marchas a lo largo del país.

  14. Protein degradation systems in the skeletal muscles of parr and smolt Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. and brown trout Salmo trutta L.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kantserova, Nadezda P; Lysenko, Liudmila A; Veselov, Alexey E; Nemova, Nina N

    2017-08-01

    Although protein degradation limits the rate of muscle growth in fish, the role of proteolytic systems responsible for degrading myofibrillar proteins in skeletal muscle is not well defined. The study herein aims to evaluate the role of calpains (calcium-activated proteases) and proteasomes (ATP-dependent proteases) in mediating muscle protein turnover at different life stages in wild salmonids. Protease activities were estimated in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) parr and smolts from the Indera River (Kola Peninsula, Russia). Calpain and proteasome activities in Atlantic salmon skeletal muscles were lower in smolts as compared with parr. Reduced muscle protein degradation accompanying Atlantic salmon parr-smolt transformation appeared to provide intense muscle growth essential for a minimum threshold size achievement that is required for smoltification. Calpain and proteasome activities in brown trout parr and smolts at age 3+ did not significantly differ. However, calpain activity was higher in smolts brown trout 4+ as compared with parr, while proteasome activity was lower. Results suggest that brown trout smoltification does not correspond with intense muscle growth and is more facultative and plastic in comparison with Atlantic salmon smoltification. Obtained data on muscle protein degradation capacity as well as length-weight parameters of fish reflect differences between salmon and trout in growth and smoltification strategies.

  15. Characterization of full-length sequenced cDNA inserts (FLIcs) from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andreassen, Rune; Lunner, Sigbjørn; Høyheim, Bjørn

    2009-01-01

    DNA libraries generated by SGP represent a valuable cCDS FLIc source. The conservation of 7-mers in 3'UTRs indicates that these motifs are functionally important. Identity between some of these 7-mers and miRNA target sequences suggests that they are miRNA targets in Salmo salar transcripts as well. PMID:19878547

  16. Characterization of full-length sequenced cDNA inserts (FLIcs from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lunner Sigbjørn

    2009-10-01

    suggests that the remaining cDNA libraries generated by SGP represent a valuable cCDS FLIc source. The conservation of 7-mers in 3'UTRs indicates that these motifs are functionally important. Identity between some of these 7-mers and miRNA target sequences suggests that they are miRNA targets in Salmo salar transcripts as well.

  17. Vigilando la Calidad del Agua de los Grandes Rios de la Nacion: El Programa NASQAN del Rio Grande (Rio Bravo del Norte)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lurry, Dee L.; Reutter, David C.; Wells, Frank C.; Rivera, M.C.; Munoz, A.

    1998-01-01

    La Oficina del Estudio Geologico de los Estados Unidos (U.S. Geological Survey, 0 USGS) ha monitoreado la calidad del agua de la cuenca del Rio Grande (Rio Bravo del Norte) desde 1995 como parte de la rediseiiada Red Nacional para Contabilizar la Calidad del Agua de los Rios (National Stream Quality Accounting Network, o NASOAN) (Hooper and others, 1997). EI programa NASOAN fue diseiiado para caracterizar las concentraciones y el transporte de sedimento y constituyentes quimicos seleccionados, encontrados en los grandes rios de los Estados Unidos - incluyendo el Misisipi, el Colorado y el Columbia, ademas del Rio Grande. En estas cuatro cuencas, el USGS opera actualmente (1998) una red de 40 puntos de muestreo pertenecientes a NASOAN, con un enfasis en cuantificar el flujo en masa (la cantidad de material que pasa por la estacion, expresado en toneladas por dial para cada constituyente. Aplicacando un enfoque consistente, basado en la cuantificacion de flujos en la cuenca del Rio Grande, el programa NASOAN esta generando la informacion necesaria para identificar fuentes regionales de diversos contaminantes, incluyendo sustancias qui micas agricolas y trazas elementos en la cuenca. EI efecto de las grandes reservas en el Rio Grande se puede observar segun los flujos de constituyentes discurren a 10 largo del rio. EI analisis de los flujos de constituyentes a escala de la cuenca proveera los medios para evaluar la influencia de la actividad humana sobre las condiciones de calidad del agua del Rio Grande.

  18. Resultados del tratamiento a pacientes con tríada terrible del codo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Gabriel Díaz Carrillo

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available La luxación del codo, asociada a la fractura del proceso coronoideo y a la fractura de la cabeza radial, es denominada “tríada terrible del codo”, debido a la complejidad al abordar el tratamiento correcto y lo desalentador de los resultados que se obtienen con el mismo. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, donde se recogen los resultados postoperatorios, obtenidos en cuatro pacientes con inestabilidad traumática aguda del codo, tratados entre enero de 2012 y mayo de 2013, que acudieron inicialmente al cuerpo de guardia del Hospital General Docente “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de La Serna” y tuvieron un seguimiento medio de ocho meses. El proceder consistió en reparación de la coronoides, del ligamento lateral externo, reparación de la cúpula radial, cupulectomía y colocación de pin endomedular; la técnica operatoria a emplear se definió por los estudios radiográficos realizados y los hallazgos en el transcurso del proceder. Los pacientes, tres hombres y una mujer, tuvieron cinco codos lesionados y un promedio de edad de 34 años. Como resultado del tratamiento la flexión fue normal entre 130-135° en 4 codos y limitada en uno a 110°, la extensión se encontró limitada de 8 a 21° en todos los pacientes, la pronosupinación se mantuvo limitada en todos los casos entre 5 y 22°. La intervención quirúrgica mediante fijación y reparación de los estabilizadores del codo proporcionó a corto plazo una funcionabilidad del codo cercana a la normalidad, los pacientes evolucionaron positivamente. Las complicaciones fueron: reluxación, infección local y aflojamiento de la osteosíntesis

  19. Speciation, uptake and toxicity of uranium in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Teien, Hans-Christian; Hertel-Aas, Turid; Lind, Ole Christian; Skipperud, Lindis; Oughton, Deborah H.; Salbu, Brit [Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Center of Excellence in Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD). P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas (Norway); Thoerring, Haavard [Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA), P.O. Box 55, N-1332 Oesteraas (Norway)

    2014-07-01

    To obtain information about the bioavailability of uranium (U) and its chemical toxicity, a significant number of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) juveniles (in total about 800 fish) were exposure to commercial available depleted uranium (DU) in controlled experiments conducted in accordance with the OECD guidelines for acute toxicity tests. Speciation, gill accumulation and induced toxicity of U as a function of varying water concentrations of H{sup +}, Ca{sup 2+}, Mg{sup 2+}, Na{sup +} and K{sup +} as well as U were studied. In addition to recording mortality, blood samples were collected and analysed for general stress parameters (plasma Cl and glucose) prior to fish dissection and collection of different tissues. The observed dose-response demonstrated that varying concentrations of K{sup +}, Na{sup +} or Mg{sup 2+} had no apparent effect on the U induced toxicity in terms of 96 h LC50-values. U toxicity was, however, strongly dependent on pH. Reducing pH from about 6.7 to 6.0 or 5.5 reduced the LC50-value from 3.1 to 1.4 mg U/l. However, by increasing pH to 7.9, LC50-values increased to 25 mg/L. Fractionation of the exposure waters, demonstrated that U was present as dissolved species less than 10 kDa in size predominantly as anion, and that a fraction (30%) was present as U colloids ( 3-10 kDa). Furthermore, U accumulated in fish gills, and the accumulation of U in the fish gills increased with increasing U concentration in the water. U accumulation at >50 μg U/g dry weight gill was correlated with ion regulation problems and stress response in fish, reflected by reduced plasma Cl concentration and increased blood glucose, and mortality was observed at concentration levels >300 μg/g gill dry weight. Thus, toxic effects in fish were correlated to U concentration in gills, and the concentration of U in gills was highly dependent upon pH in water and the U speciation. As presented in detail on a poster at the present conference (Cagno et al.), U did not only

  20. Gerencia del cuidado-gerencia del servicio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Palmet Jiménez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available La gerencia de este siglo debe estar plenamente identificada con la administración para planear, organizar, decidir y obtener resultados definidos, evaluados y alcanzados a través de las personas. Para poder gerenciar el cuidado se debe saber administrar. El objetivo de enfermería es cuidar; el objetivo de la gerencia es la conducción de la producción de bienes o servicios en las organizaciones. La gerencia del cuidado implica: motivación, creatividad, responsabilidad y ética por parte del cuidador y de quien cuida, claridad de actitud frente al ser y al qué hacer por parte del cuidador. Se puede concluir que la gerencia (administración, el cuidado (producto de calidad, el servicio (valor intangible, querer servir son un trinomio que deben ir de la mano de manera integrada para el logro de los objetivos propuestos por la organización de salud y de enfermería.

  1. LA GESTIÓN DEL SUPERMERCADO VIRTUAL: TIPIFICACIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO DEL CLIENTE ONLINE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marimon Viadiu, Frederic

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza diferentes elementos que influyen en el comportamiento de compra del cliente de un supermercado online. Estos elementos están relacionados tanto con aspectos estéticos del sitio web, como con los procesos que tienen lugar en el momento de realizar la compra. A partir de este análisis, se estudian los distintos grupos de consumidores con comportamientos homogéneos y se posicionan en función de sus actitudes. El análisis también permite definir la calidad del servicio prestado por este tipo de establecimientos, así como las principales dimensiones en que se despliega. En las conclusiones se citan aspectos en los que el gestor de un supermercado online debe incidir para mejorar la calidad de su servicio.

  2. Guía del investigador americanista para San Luís del Potosí novohispano

    OpenAIRE

    Montoya, Ramón Alejandro

    2012-01-01

    El trabajo aborda uno de los temas menos abarcados por la historiografía del norte de la Nueva España : la familiarización de la heurística sobre una región minera septentrional del México Colonial. El objetivo del trabajo es dar a conocer las vetas documentales para los estudiosos del norte de la Nueva España y no necesariamente de la jurisdicción de San Luis Potosí. Para eso proponemos una enumeración detallada de acervos y colecciones documentales del interior del país y del extranjero con...

  3. Agendas visuales y procesos, elementos básicos en la vida del alumnado con Trastorno del Espectro del Autismo

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Molino, Joana

    2014-01-01

    Este Trabajo Fin de Grado comienza haciendo un repaso de las definiciones y características asociadas a los Trastornos del Espectro del Autismo para poder considerar las pautas de intervención más acertadas a seguir con este alumnado. También se hace hincapié en los Sistemas Alternativos y Aumentativos de Comunicación como medio de comunicación y aprendizaje para estos niños/as. Se presenta una propuesta de intervención educativa llevada a cabo con un niño con Trastorno del Espectro del A...

  4. Asociación del trastorno del desarrollo de la coordinación con otros trastornos del desarrollo infantil en la ciudad de Cali

    OpenAIRE

    Riascos Alpala, Alexander; Velez Correa, Diana Lizeth; Acosta Alvarez, Yuri Andrea

    2016-01-01

    INTRODUCCION. El trastorno del Desarrollo de la Coordinación TDC en la infancia es una problemática importante desde la salud pública, ya que tiene repercusiones importantes desde las diferentes esferas del desarrollo: motora, cognitiva, psicosocial y emocional, por lo mismo, es frecuente la presencia de comorbilidad con otros trastornos del desarrollo infantil. Se presenta un estudio multicéntrico que caracteriza la asociación del TDC con otros trastornos del desarrollo. OBJETIVO. Determ...

  5. Antonio Zambrana Lara, docente y pintor. Técnica y procedimientos dentro del Realismo Sevillano del último tercio del siglo XX

    OpenAIRE

    Domínguez Moreno, Gustavo

    2012-01-01

    El trabajo que aquí se presenta, cuyo título es Antonio Zambrana Lara, docente y pintor. Técnica y procedimiento dentro del Realismo Sevillano del último tercio del siglo XX, procurará analizar en profundidad las cuestiones relacionadas con la personalidad artística de Antonio Zambrana, a través de diversos asuntos, como por ejemplo su contextualización, intentando profundizar en un momento apasio nante del arte sevillano y especialmente en aquellos apartados que de manera más concreta se ref...

  6. El sentido cultural del cuidado en casa del enfermo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina Sánches-Sanabria

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación tiene un diseño cualitativo descriptivo, transversal para comprender las diferencias existentes en los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas influidas por la percepción o sentido cultural de cuidar del cuidador primario, como elemento básico para caracterizar elementos culturales presentes en el ambiente de cuidado al enfermo o discapacitado que está en casa a través de la indagación profunda de la percepción y sentimientos que tiene tanto el cuidador primario como el ser cuidado en casa. Se realizó con los usuarios inscritos del Programa de Promoción y Prevención de la indagación profunda de la percepción y sentimientos Universidad Popular del Cesar (IPS-UPC de los enfermos crónicos y discapacitados a nivel comunitario del grupo extramural de la comuna cinco y del Hospital Eduardo Arredondo Daza de la ciudad de Valledupar, Colombia. El valor de realizar este proyecto, está en desocultar los múltiples significados que en la realidad vivida por los seres cuidadores primarios y en los seres cuidados; son esas distintas formas de percibir la existencia, influido por el conocimiento de lo ancestral, los sentimientos y la sabiduría de la cultura que cada uno posee para expresarse en las múltiples formas que el cuidado lo acontece y lo requiere para dar el sentido cultural característico y diferenciado que se percibe en el modo de cuidar y la satisfacción de quien lo recibe y lo ofrece. Este aspecto fue valioso para la comunidad académica del programa de enfermería, porque ubicó epistémicamente la transculturalidad del cuidado como una mirada y forma de enseñar transdisciplinariamente, enseñando y ofreciendo el cuidado desde la cultura, sentimientos y pensamientos del ser cuidado para el mantenimiento de la vida y la salud, en la que estudiantes de enfermeria desde sus primeras experiencias formativas deben incursionar en la intervención holística que se requiere en el cuidado de la salud y de la vida.

  7. Las reformas del Estado, de las políticas sociales y de salud: Un balance del final del milenio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerschman Silvia

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo se propone reflexionar sobre las reformas de los sistemas de salud y de políticas sociales en el marco de las así llamadas reformas del Estado. Com esta finalidad, se busca como punto de partida condensar distintas visiones explicativas de la crisis del Estado de Bienestar, presentes en la bibliografía produzida en la década de los 90. En el corazón de la crisis, las políticas sociales se encuentran profundamente cuestionadas. Lo que pretendemos mostrar es que este argumento posee una función específica, que es la de introducir mudanzas de carácter neoliberal en la política económica y para las cuales los instrumentos económicos utilizados van a generar la abstención del Estado en el plano social, la desregulación de las economías nacionales en favor del libre mercado y, fundamentalmente, el papel sobredimensionado del mercado financiero internacional. En este contexto, son analizadas las reformas de la seguridad social y de los sistemas de salud. La última parte del trabajo tuvo por objetivo enfrentar las dificultades que las políticas sociales presentan en el contexto actual, trayendo al centro del debate un mapeamiento de las alternativas posibles para el desarrollo de las políticas sociales y de salud.

  8. Psicodrama del duelo.

    OpenAIRE

    José Antonio Espina Barrio; Marisol Filgueira Bouza

    1997-01-01

    La pérdida de rituales agrava y alarga la reacción del duelo. Se define el Psicodrama Antropológico y su intervención en el proceso del duelo. El Psicodrama Focal del Duelo es una psicoterapia breve centrada en el proceso de Duelo. Se comentan varios casos y resultados. Se concluye con un programa sencillo para el duelo en Atención Primaria.

  9. La Cultura del Vino, motor del desarrollo sostenible de las regiones vitivinícolas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luisa González-SanJosé Ma

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Existen bastantes evidencias para vincular la cultura del vino con el entorno y el desarrollo sostenible. En primer lugar, destaca que la cultura del vino es el reflejo del aprovechamiento vitivinícola del medio y, por tanto, refleja su efecto sobre el desarrollo social y económico de las regiones, lo que es plausible a través del devenir histórico de las mismas. Más recientemente, el aprovechamiento de la cultura del vino para su explotación a través de las experiencias enoturísticas, ha supuesto una revalorización de muchos territorios, impulsando el desarrollo social y económico. La cultura del vino no es sólo el eje temático de la actividad enoturística, sino que es su base y pilar esencial, por tanto, se relaciona directamente con la sostenibilidad ambiental, económica y social que subyace tras el enoturismo. Además, es importante tener en cuenta que gran parte de la importancia de la cultura del vino se centra en las señas de entidad asociadas a cada territorio, que aportan características distintivas y singulares, contribuyendo a la sostenibilidad cultural. En España, ACEVIN y el Rutas del Vino de España son claros ejemplos de como la cultura del vino es un motor del desarrollo sostenible de las regiones vitivinícolas.

  10. Transcriptional changes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after embryonic exposure to road salt.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tollefsen, Knut Erik; Song, You; Kleiven, Merethe; Mahrosh, Urma; Meland, Sondre; Rosseland, Bjørn Olav; Teien, Hans-Christian

    2015-12-01

    Road salt is extensively used as a deicing chemical in road maintenance during winter and has in certain areas of the world led to density stratifications in lakes and ponds, and adversely impacted aquatic organisms in the recipients of the road run-off. Aquatic vertebrates such as fish have been particularly sensitive during fertilisation, as the fertilisation of eggs involves rapid uptake of the surrounding water, reduction in egg swelling and in ovo exposure to high road salt concentrations. The present study aimed to identify the persistent molecular changes occurring in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) eggs after 24h exposure to high concentrations (5000 mg/L) of road salt at fertilisation. The global transcriptional changes were monitored by a 60k salmonid microarray at the eyed egg stage (cleavage stage, 255 degree days after fertilisation) and identified a high number of transcripts being differentially regulated. Functional enrichment, pathway and gene-gene interaction analysis identified that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly associated with toxiciologically relevant processes involved in osmoregulation, ionregulation, oxidative stress, metabolism (energy turnover), renal function and developmental in the embryos. Quantitative rtPCR analysis of selected biomarkers, identified by global transcriptomics, were monitored in the eggs for an extended range of road salt concentrations (0, 50, 100, 500 and 5000 mg/L) and revealed a positive concentration-dependent increase in cypa14, a gene involved in lipid turnover and renal function, and nav1, a gene involved in neuraxonal development. Biomarkers for osmoregulatory responses such as atp1a2, the gene encoding the main sodium/potassium ATP-fueled transporter for chloride ions, and txdc9, a gene involved in regulation of cell redox homeostasis (oxidative stress), displayed apparent concentration-dependency with exposure, although large variance in the control group precluded robust statistical

  11. Ecuador y los objetivos del milenio : inversiones para la conservación del agua

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabián Rodríguez

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio analiza si se justifica la inversión en la protección del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SNAP. El nivel de inversión del Estado ecuatoriano fue estimado a partir de las necesidades de financiamiento del SNAP. Los beneficios económicos fueron estimados a partir de la oferta de agua de las áreas protegidas que se encuentran a lo largo de la Cordillera de los Andes. La metodología para evaluar si es conveniente o no la inversión del Estado en la protección del SNAP fue la relación beneficio - costo (B/C. Los resultados del estudio demuestran que solo los valores piso de la relación B/C justifican la inversión del Estado.

  12. HPLC confirmatory method development for the determination of seven quinolones in salmon tissue (Salmo salar L.) validated according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Evaggelopoulou, Evaggelia N; Samanidou, Victoria F

    2013-01-15

    A confirmatory high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of seven quinolone antibiotics in tissue of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was developed. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), danofloxacin (DAN), enrofloxacin (ENR), sarafloxacin (SAR), oxolinic acid (OXO), nalidixic acid (NAL) and flumequine (FLU) were separated on a Perfectsil ODS-2 120 (250 mm × 4 mm, 5 μm) column by gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (pH=1), acetonitrile and methanol at 25°C within 22 min. Analytes were monitored at 255 nm (for the determination of OXO, NAL and FLU) and 275 nm (for CIP, DAN, ENR and SAR) by means of photodiode array detector. Examined quinolones were isolated from salmon tissue by extraction with citrate buffer solution (pH=4.7) and purified by solid phase extraction using Oasis HLB (200mg/6 mL) cartridges. The developed method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability and sensitivity according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC. The accuracy of the method was additionally proved by its application to certified reference material of salmon tissue (BCR® 725). Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Determinación del requerimiento hídrico del pimentón en el municipio de Candelaria, departamento del Valle del Cauca Water requeriments of pepper in Candelaria, Valle del Cauca, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Gómez Enríquez

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un ensayo con el fin de determinar el requerimiento hídrico del pimentón Capsicum annuum variedad Unapal-Serrano, en la zona de Candelaria-Valle del Cauca (Colombia. Se determinó que el pimentón requiere 425mm de agua durante su ciclo vegetativo, obteniendo una eficiencia del uso del agua de 5.32 kg/m³ de fruto fresco y de 0.5 kg/m³ en términos de materia seca. Además, se comprobó la eficiencia del microevaporímetro 'MIEVHR' como herramienta para programación del riego y estudios hidrológicos.A trial was carried out in order to determining the water requirement of the pepper Capsicum annuum variety UNAPAL- Serrano in the zone of Candelaria -Valley of the Cauca (Colombia and to evaluate the efficiency of the microevaporímeter 'MIEVHR' as estimator of the evaporation. It was determined that the pepper requires 425mm of water during the cycle vegetative obtaining an efficiency of the use of the water of 5.32 Kg/m³ of fresh fruit and 0.5 kg/m³ in terms of dry matter. Besides, it was verified the microevaporímeter efficiency 'MIEVHR' as tool for programming of the irrigation.

  14. Detección, transmisión y caracterización del fitoplasma asociado a la enfermedad del decaimiento del peral

    OpenAIRE

    Garcia i Chapa, Meritxell

    2004-01-01

    Consultable des del TDX Títol obtingut de la portada digitalitzada Se ha realizado una prospección en 1500 parcelas de cultivo de peral, para evaluar la extensión de la enfermedad del Decaimiento del peral (PD) en el Nordeste de España. Un 7% de las parcelas observadas presentaron síntomas de la enfermedad. Paralelamente, se ha evaluado la incidencia de la enfermedad en 45 de estas parcelas, por inspección visual de 500 árboles, en cada una de ellas. La presencia del fitoplasma fue conf...

  15. Gestión del subsistema Activos Fijos Tangibles del sistema Cedrux.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Larisa González Álvarez

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available En aras del fortalecimiento de la gestión de entidades y la informatización de la sociedad, Cuba se encuentra inmersa en la creación del producto Cedrux, basado en los principios de independencia tecnológica y en las particularidades de la economía cubana. Esta solución nacional incluye un subsistema para el control de los activos fijos tangibles (AFT, que pretende servir de apoyo a la toma de decisiones en las entidades. El subsistema es capaz de gestionar activos de forma dinámica, tributa mediante operaciones al sistema contable de la empresa y estandariza el tratamiento de los AFT a nivel nacional. Incluye además temas como la multimoneda, la agrupación de activos y la generación de documentos, prestaciones del sistema que responden a necesidades del país, actualmente no satisfechas de manera conjunta por los sistemas existentes. A partir de la puesta en marcha del sistema, la economía del país se verá favorecida y el control de los AFT será confiable, estable y legalmente correcto.

  16. Estado del Medio Ambiente Marino y Costero del Pacífico Sudeste.

    OpenAIRE

    Andrade V., Héctor; Guitiérres S., Sixto; Andrade C., Héctor

    2014-01-01

    El presente documento contiene los antecedentes sistematizados sobre el Estado del Medio Ambiente Marino Costero del Pacífico Sudeste en base a los informes nacionales de consultoría elaborados entre 2011 y 2012 en Panamá, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Chile y cuya finalidad fue establecer un estado actualizado del medio marino a nivel regional, en el marco del Programa CONPACSE III de la Comisión Permanente de Pacífico Sur. Los principales contaminantes presentes en las aguas marinas costeras de...

  17. Caracterización del potencial de abuso del flunitracepam

    OpenAIRE

    Martí de la Llave, Cecilia

    1997-01-01

    Con el presente estudio se pretende caracterizar el potencial de abuso del flunitracepam. La pauta de administración del flunitracepam está ajustada para alcanzar concentraciones máximas plasmáticas similares entre los dos regímenes de administración del fármaco activo, aunque a diferente velocidad; con la dosis única se alcanza la concentración máxima plasmática más rápidamente que con la dosis dividida. Cuando el voluntario recibe el fármaco activo a dosis única toma cinco cápsulas que ...

  18. Historia del desarrollo institucional turístico del Meta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramón Vergel

    2002-11-01

    el primer plan de desarrollo turístico departamental, se comienza a visualizar diferentes tipologías de turismo que se podían desarrollar como el Ecoturismo y a trabajar en pro de ello. Surge luego el segundo Plan Sectorial del Meta visualizando al turismo como producto. Posteriormente se realiza un Estudio Exploratorio sobre el Potencial Turístico del Meta y la promoción turística del departamento comienza a surgir con la participación en ferias y vitrinas turísticas importantes logrando así fijar un mercado turístico: Bogotá.

  19. ESTUDIOS MACRO Y MICROSCOPICO DEL SACO ANAL DEL COIPO (Myocastor coypus)

    OpenAIRE

    Rafasquino, Marta E.; Ramos, Pablo A.; Alonso, Cristina R.; Idiart, Julio R.

    1998-01-01

    RESUMEN:Fue realizada la disección del saco anal de 44 coipos, de ambos sexos, de distintas edades y procedencias, observándose algunas características similares a los sacos anales del perro y gato, aunque es impar y está ubicado en ventral del ano. Es ovoídeo o piriforme, siendo más grande en los adultos y, entre éstos, más aún en los machos que en las hembras; posee un conducto que desemboca en el canal anal a un centímetro del ano y que se exterioriza en el momento de secretar el producto ...

  20. Fenomenología del prejuicio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Montero Moliner, Fernando

    1992-05-01

    Full Text Available Not available.

    Este trabajo expone la defensa del «prejuicio » llevada a cabo por Gadamer, mostrando su efectividad histórica y confrontándola con la crítica husserliana del «prejuicio» desde el apriorismo. Se pone de relieve, además, la historicidad del «mundo de la vida» y su incidencia en la teoría del a priori, para terminar con un estudio de la racionalidad del a priori y la facticidad del prejuicio.