Estudio de la morfometría de las sagittae en poblaciones de sciaenidos marinos de aguas cálidas del Perú y aguas templado-frías de Argentina.

OpenAIRE

Volpedo, Alejandra

2001-01-01

Los otolitos (sagitta. asteriscus y lapillus) son estructuras complejas compuestas por carbonato de calcio, otros minerales y una matriz proteica. Los otolitos se encuentran en el oído interno de los teleósteos. La forma y estructura de los otolitos son específicas de cada taxón. Por esta razón se los utiliza para identificar especies en estudios biológicos y ecológicos. Los sciaenidos son un grupo de peces de importancia comercial y el manejo de este recurso es un tema prioritario para las e...

Atlas of marine bony fish otoliths (sagittae of Southeastern-Southern Brazil Part VI: Albuliformes, Anguiliformes, Osmeriformes, Stomiiformes, Aulopiformes, Myctophiformes, Ophidiiformes, Polimixiiformes, Batrachoidiformes and Lophiformes

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Marcella Bockis Giaretta

Full Text Available ABSTRACT This publication is part of a series that will constitute an Atlas of Teleostei Otoliths of the Southeastern-Southern Brazilian region. In this article, we present the results of sagittae's morphologic and morphometric analyses from fishes remaining to the orders: Albuliformes (one species, Anguiliformes (four, Osmeriformes (one, Stomiiformes (one, Aulopiformes (five, Myctophiformes (nine, Ophidiiformes (three, Polimixiiformes (one, Batrachoidiformes (one and Lophiformes (three. Features, measurements and indices were analyzed according to methodology used in anterior series. Whenever possible three otoliths of each species have been illustrated and photographed. The frequency of occurrence of each characteristic was calculated by total length classes (TL and differences within and among them have been analyzed applying multiple χ² test (significance 0.05.

Helical Tomography of an Accretion Disk by Superhump Light Curves of the 2001 Outburst of WZ Sagittae

Science.gov (United States)

Osaki, Yoji

2003-06-01

A new method for analyzing complex superhump light curves for the 2001 outburst of WZ Sagittae is proposed. The complexity arises because intrinsically time-varying and non-axisymmetric distributions of superhump light sources are coupled with the aspect effects around the binary orbital phase because of its high orbital inclination. The new method can disentangle these complexities by separating the non-axisymmetric spatial distribution in the disk from the time variation with the superhump period. It may be called a helical tomography of an accretion disk because it can reconstruct a series of disk images (i.e., disk's azimuthal structures) at different superhump phases. The power spectral data of superhump light curves of the 2001 outburst of WZ Sge by Patterson et al. (2002, PASP, 114, 721) are now interpreted under a new light based on the concept of helical tomography, and the azimuthal wave numbers of various frequency modes are identified. In particular, a frequen! cy component, nω0 - Ω, where ω0 and Ω are the orbital frequency and a low frequency of the apsidal precession of the eccentric disk, is understood as an (n - 1)-armed traveling wave in the disk. A vigorous excitation of a wave component of cos(2Θ - 3ω0t) in the first week of the superhump era of WZ Sge, where Θ is the azimuthal angle, supports Lubow's (1991, AAA 54.064.175) theory of non-linear wave coupling of the eccentric Lindblad resonance for the superhump phenomenon. This method can in principle be applied to other SU UMa stars with high orbital inclination if light curves are fully covered over the beat cycle.

Otolith morphology varies between populations, sexes and male alternative reproductive tactics in a vocal toadfish Porichthys notatus.

Science.gov (United States)

Bose, A P H; Adragna, J B; Balshine, S

2017-01-01

In this study, the morphology of sagittal otoliths of the plainfin midshipman fish Porichthys notatus was compared between populations, sexes and male alternative reproductive phenotypes (known as 'type I males or guarders' and 'type II males or sneakers'). Sagitta size increased with P. notatus size and changes in shape were also detected with increasing body size. Porichthys notatus sagittae begin as simple rounded structures, but then elongate as they grow and take on a more triangular and complex shape with several prominent notches and indentations along the dorsal and caudal edges. Moreover, the sagittae of the two geographically and genetically distinct populations of P. notatus (northern and southern) differed in shape. Porichthys notatus from the north possessed taller sagittae with deeper caudal indentations compared to P. notatus from the south. Sagitta shape also differed between females and males of the conventional guarder tactic. Furthermore, guarder males had smaller sagittae for their body size than did sneaker males or females. These differences in sagittal otolith morphology are discussed in relation to ecological and life history differences between the sexes and male tactics of this species. This is the first study to investigate teleost otolith morphology from the perspective of alternative reproductive tactics. © 2016 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

Pteropoda, Cladocera, and Chaetognatha associations as hydrological indicators in the southern Brazilian Shelf Asociaciones de Pteropoda, Cladocera y Chaetognatha como indicadores hidrológicos de la plataforma del extremo sur de Brasil

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Charrid Resgalla Jr

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Associations of pteropod, cladoceran, and chaetognath species were analyzed for the southern coast of Brazil in order to present a biological diagnosis of the oceanographic conditions in winter and summer. The density data from the different species were analyzed using nodal and ordination cluster techniques, linking the species associations with salinity and temperature and, consequently, with the water masses occurring in each period. Sagitta tennis and Pleopsis polyphemoides were found to characterize the coastal water and, when associated with Evadne nordmanni and Pleopsis schmackeri, differentiated between the thermal characteristics of winter and summer, respectively. The Sub-Antarctic Shelf Water was characterized by the association of Sagitta tasmanica and Limacina retroversa in winter. The Tropical Water of the Brazil current presented several different associations, with Penilia avirostris, Sagitta enflata, and Creseis virgula dominating the shelf Tropical Water and Sagitta serratodentata, Limacina trochiformis, and Evadne spinifera characterizing the oceanic Tropical Water. The Sub-tropical Water, typical of upwelling processes, was characterized by the association of the chaetognaths Sagitta decipiens and Krohnitta subtilis, both in winter and summer. The species associations defined in this study agree with others carried out in neighboring areas and in previous sampling periods, characterizing the región as the southern transition zone.Se analizó las asociaciones de especies de Pteropoda, Cladocera y Chaetognatha en la costa sur de Brasil, para presentar un diagnóstico biológico de las condiciones oceanógraficas de invierno y verano. Los datos de densidad de las diferentes especies fueron analizados por técnicas de agrupamiento nodal y de ordenación, relacionando las asociaciones con la salinidad, temperatura y, consecuentemente, con las masas de agua presentes en cada período. Se observó que Sagitta tennis, Pleopsis

Hearing capacities and otolith size in two ophidiiform species (Ophidion rochei and Carapus acus).

Science.gov (United States)

Kéver, Loïc; Colleye, Orphal; Herrel, Anthony; Romans, Pascal; Parmentier, Eric

2014-07-15

Numerous studies have highlighted the diversity of fish inner ear morphology. However, the function of the shape, size and orientation of the different structures remains poorly understood. The saccule (otolithic endorgan) is considered to be the principal hearing organ in fishes and it has been hypothesized that sagitta (saccular otolith) shape and size affect hearing capacities: large sagittae are thought to increase sensitivity. The sagittae of many ophidiids and carapids occupy a large volume inside the neurocranium. Hence they are a good structure with which to test the size hypothesis. The main aim of this study was to investigate hearing capacities and inner ear morphology in two ophidiiform species: Ophidion rochei and Carapus acus. We used a multidisciplinary approach that combines dissections, μCT-scan examinations and auditory evoked potential techniques. Carapus acus and O. rochei sagittae have similar maximal diameters; both species have larger otoliths than many non-ophidiiform species, especially compared with the intra-neurocranium volume. Both species are sensitive to sounds up to 2100 Hz. Relative to the skull, O. rochei has smaller sagittae than the carapid, but better hearing capacities from 300 to 900 Hz and similar sensitivities at 150 Hz and from 1200 to 2100 Hz. Results show that hearing capacities of a fish species cannot be predicted only based on sagitta size. Larger otoliths (in size relative to the skull) may have evolved mainly for performing vestibular functions in fishes, especially those species that need to execute precise and complex movements. © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Otolith development in larval and juvenile Schizothorax davidi: ontogeny and growth increment characteristics

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Yan, Taiming; Hu, Jiaxiang; Cai, Yueping; Xiong, Sen; Yang, Shiyong; Wang, Xiongyan; He, Zhi

2017-09-01

Laboratory-reared Schizothorax davidi larvae and juveniles were examined to assess the formation and characteristics of David's schizothoracin otoliths. Otolith development was observed and their formation period was verified by monitoring larvae and juveniles of known age. The results revealed that lapilli and sagittae developed before hatching, and the first otolith increment was identified at 2 days post hatching in both. The shape of lapilli was relatively stable during development compared with that of sagittae; however, growth of four sagittae and lapilli areas was consistent, but the posterior area grew faster than the anterior area and the ventral surface grew faster than the dorsal surface. Similarly, the sum length of the radius of the anterior and posterior areas on sagittae and lapilli were linearly and binomially related to total fish length, respectively. Moreover, daily deposition rates were validated by monitoring knownage larvae and juveniles. The increase in lapilli width was 1.88±0.080 0 μm at the ninth increment, which reached a maximum and the decreased gradually toward the otolith edge, whereas that of sagittae increased more slowly. These results illustrate the developmental biology of S. davidi, which will aid in population conservation and fish stock management.

Otolith features and growth of juvenile Opsaridium microcephalum ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Sanjika, Opsaridium microcephalum, were collected from two sites (Nkhotakota and Chia) along the southwestern shoreline of Lake Malawi. The sagitta of the otolith was arrow headshaped with an obvious nucleus. Increments in the sagittae were observable until the bases of the rostra but invisible in the rostra.

A new look at the ventral nerve centre of Sagitta: implications for the phylogenetic position of Chaetognatha (arrow worms and the evolution of the bilaterian nervous system

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Müller Carsten HG

2007-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The Chaetognatha (arrow worms are a group of marine carnivores whose phylogenetic relationships are still vigorously debated. Molecular studies have as yet failed to come up with a stable hypothesis on their phylogenetic position. In a wide range of metazoans, the nervous system has proven to provide a wealth of characters for analysing phylogenetic relationships (neurophylogeny. Therefore, in the present study we explored the structure of the ventral nerve centre ("ventral ganglion" in Sagitta setosa with a set of histochemical and immunohistochemical markers. Results In specimens that were immunolabeled for acetylated-alpha tubulin the ventral nerve centre appeared to be a condensed continuation of the peripheral intraepidermal nerve plexus. Yet, synapsin immunolocalization showed that the ventral nerve centre is organized into a highly ordered array of ca. 80 serially arranged microcompartments. Immunohistochemistry against RFamide revealed a set of serially arranged individually identifiable neurons in the ventral nerve centre that we charted in detail. Conclusion The new information on the structure of the chaetognath nervous system is compared to previous descriptions of the ventral nerve centre which are critically evaluated. Our findings are discussed with regard to the debate on nervous system organisation in the last common bilaterian ancestor and with regard to the phylogenetic affinities of this Chaetognatha. We suggest to place the Chaetognatha within the Protostomia and argue against hypotheses which propose a deuterostome affinity of Chaetognatha or a sister-group relationship to all other Bilateria.

Using otolith morphometric and morphology characteristics to identify carangids species in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea

OpenAIRE

Mansourkiaei, Ana

2010-01-01

In a survey on 524 specimens from 18 different species belonging to the Carangidae family collected from The Persian Gulf, otolithes (Sagittae) are extracted from under gills region. After washing, their morphometric parameters measured. These parameters are otolith length, width, weight and length of antirostrum, width and length of rostrum, width in right and left sagittae. In addition to the otolith outline, mode position and mode opening of the Sulcus acusticus was examined. Data indicate...

Verification of otolith identity used by fisheries scientists for aging channel catfish

Science.gov (United States)

Long, James M.; Stewart, David R.

2010-01-01

Previously published studies of the age estimation of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus based on otoliths have reported using the sagittae, whereas it is likely they were actually using the lapilli. This confusion may have resulted because in catfishes (ostariophyseans) the lapilli are the largest of the three otoliths, whereas in nonostariophysean fish the sagittae are the largest. Based on (1) scanning electron microscope microphotographs of channel catfish otoliths, (2) X-ray computed tomography scans of a channel catfish head, (3) descriptions of techniques used to removed otoliths from channel catfish reported in the literature, and (4) a sample of channel catfish otoliths received from fisheries biologists from around the country, it is clear that lapilli are most often used for channel catfish aging studies, not sagittae, as has been previously reported. Fisheries scientists who obtain otoliths from channel catfish can use the information in this paper to correctly identify otolith age.

IUE observations of V Sagittae

Science.gov (United States)

Koch, R. H.; Corcoran, M. F.; Holenstein, B. D.; Mccluskey, G. E., Jr.

1986-01-01

Observations of the nova-like variable V Sge are discussed, and the ground-based light curve is analyzed, compensating for the component interaction effect. Low-dispersion IUE spectra indicate that interstellar reddening is smaller than suggested from visible-band observations. The UV and visible continuum are modeled by a He-rich model and by a simple accretion disk, and the UV spectrum emission lines are used to determine ionization temperatures and a lower N(e) limit. The present data are consistent with the picture of the companion to the He star being embedded in an accretion disk, with the disk being large (of dimension comparable to that of the embedding Roche lobe as a result of vigorous mass transfer) at the time of the ground-based data, and with the disk having been diminished to a radius of the order of 200 times of the neutron star, at the time of the IUE spectra.

Validation of daily increments periodicity in otoliths of spotted gar

Science.gov (United States)

Snow, Richard A.; Long, James M.; Frenette, Bryan D.

2017-01-01

Accurate age and growth information is essential in successful management of fish populations and for understanding early life history. We validated daily increment deposition, including the timing of first ring formation, for spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) through 127 days post hatch. Fry were produced from hatchery-spawned specimens, and up to 10 individuals per week were sacrificed and their otoliths (sagitta, lapillus, and asteriscus) removed for daily age estimation. Daily age estimates for all three otolith pairs were significantly related to known age. The strongest relationships existed for measurements from the sagitta (r2 = 0.98) and the lapillus (r2 = 0.99) with asteriscus (r2 = 0.95) the lowest. All age prediction models resulted in a slope near unity, indicating that ring deposition occurred approximately daily. Initiation of ring formation varied among otolith types, with deposition beginning 3, 7, and 9 days for the sagitta, lapillus, and asteriscus, respectively. Results of this study suggested that otoliths are useful to estimate daily age of spotted gar juveniles; these data may be used to back calculate hatch dates, estimate early growth rates, and correlate with environmental factor that influence spawning in wild populations. is early life history information will be valuable in better understanding the ecology of this species. 

Jaan Toominga trupp mängib Vanemuise ovaalsaalis

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2006-01-01

Jaan Toominga näitetrupp Sagar Sagitta luulelavastus "Tähenõid", mille Tooming on kokku pannud eesti luulest koos paari Tagore luuletusega. Lisaks Toomingale osalevad lavastuses Anne Maasik ja Heikki-Rein Veromann

A Holotrichous ciliate from the coelom of Chaetognaths

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Santhakumari, V.

A holotrichous ciliate was observed from the body cavity of Chaetognaths Sagitta enflata and S. bedoti collected from the zooplankton samples at Cape Comorin and Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu, India). Species were examined for infected parasites...

Zooplankton characteristics of the coastal ecosystem off Bombay, India

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Nair, V.R.; Ramaiah, Neelam

spinicauda) dominated the copepod community. Four species of chaetognaths were found in the area with predominance of Sagitta bedoti. Among the penaeid larvae Metapenaeus offinis was the most common species. Population of omnivores dominated the zooplankton...

Diseases of chaetognaths from the Arabian Sea

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Santhakumari, V.

Three different diseases, provisionally assigned as spot disease, swell disease and tail rot disease, were observed in chaetognaths Sagitta enflata Grassi and S. bedoti Bernaneck. The first two diseases showed high percentage of occurrence. The spot...

Teatrihuviline kisub end täna õhtul lõhki / Raimu Hanson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Hanson, Raimu, 1957-

2006-01-01

26. jaan. on Tartus võimalik vaadata järgmisi lavastusi - Sagar Sagitta "Ajatud" Tampere majas, Vanemuise "Adolf" Püssirohukeldris, Võru Teatriateljee "Ilma luuminõ @ muu äri" Sadamateatris ja Emajõe Suveteatri "Frankenstein" vanas anatoomikumis

Developmental stages of chaetognaths in the coastal environs of Bombay

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Ramaiah, Neelam; Nair, V.R.

Abundances of developmental stages-juveniles, developing and mature-of Sagitta bedoti, S. oceania, S. enflata and S. robusta were recorded from the coastal, estuarine and creek environs of Bombay (Maharashtra, India) from October 1985 to September...

The GEM Detector projective alignment simulation system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wuest, C.R.; Belser, F.C.; Holdener, F.R.; Roeben, M.D.; Paradiso, J.A.; Mitselmakher, G.; Ostapchuk, A.; Pier-Amory, J.

1993-01-01

Precision position knowledge (< 25 microns RMS) of the GEM Detector muon system at the Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory (SSCL) is an important physics requirement necessary to minimize sagitta error in detecting and tracking high energy muons that are deflected by the magnetic field within the GEM Detector. To validate the concept of the sagitta correction function determined by projective alignment of the muon detectors (Cathode Strip Chambers or CSCs), the basis of the proposed GEM alignment scheme, a facility, called the ''Alignment Test Stand'' (ATS), is being constructed. This system simulates the environment that the CSCs and chamber alignment systems are expected to experience in the GEM Detector, albeit without the 0.8 T magnetic field and radiation environment. The ATS experimental program will allow systematic study and characterization of the projective alignment approach, as well as general mechanical engineering of muon chamber mounting concepts, positioning systems and study of the mechanical behavior of the proposed 6 layer CSCs. The ATS will consist of a stable local coordinate system in which mock-ups of muon chambers (i.e., non-working mechanical analogs, representing the three superlayers of a selected barrel and endcap alignment tower) are implemented, together with a sufficient number of alignment monitors to overdetermine the sagitta correction function, providing a self-consistency check. This paper describes the approach to be used for the alignment of the GEM muon system, the design of the ATS, and the experiments to be conducted using the ATS

PENGARUH ECOTOURISM TERHADAP PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN KAMPUNG NAGA KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA

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N.Yesi Sri Yulistianti

2016-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Kabupaten Tasikmalaya memiliki sebuah Objek Wisata Budaya yang khas dan masih terjaga sampai saat ini, yaitu Kampung Naga. Kegiatan Ecoturism merupakan salah satu ciri khas dari objek wisata Kampung Naga. Kegiatan Ecoutourism di Kampung Naga dilakukan oleh masyarakat lokal yang tinggal di objek wisata ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Ecotourism yang ada di Kampung Naga dan kondisi pelestarian lingkungan yang ada di Objek Wisata Kampung Naga, mengetahui seberapa besar pentingnya mengenai pelestarian lingkungan, dan mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh Ecotourism terhadap pelestarian lingkungan.Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan metodesampling. Jumlahsampel ditentukanyaitu sebanyak 100 responden yang datang ke KawasanObjek WisataKampung Naga. Penelitianini menggunakan data primer yang diambil dari hasil wawancara, observasi dan penyebaran pernyataan berupa angket/kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh di analisis dengan menggunakan analisis kuantitatif. Penelitian ini terdiri dari variabel bebas Ecotourism (X dan variabel terikat pelestarian lingkungan (Y. Teknik pengolahan data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier sederhana dengan menggunakan bantuan Software Spss 16. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Ecotourism (X memiliki pengaruh yang positif terhadap pelestarian lingkungan (Y. Persamaan regresi linier sederhana yang dibentuk yaitu Y = 17.075 + 0,339X yang berarti setiap pertambahan Ecotourism (X sebesar satu poin maka kepuasan berkunjung akan meningkat sebesar 0,339. Dengan hasil koefisien determinasi sebesar 11,5% dalam kategori sedang. Kata Kunci : Ecotourism, Pelestarian Lingkungan, Wisata Budaya ABSTRACT Tasikmalayadistrict has a distinctive cultural attractions and still maintained until today, namely Kampung Naga. Ecoturism activity is one of the characteristics of attractions Kampung Naga. Ecoutourism in Kampung Naga activities carried out by local people who live in this attraction. This study aims to determine

Effect of pollution on the distribution of chaetognaths in the nearshore waters of Bombay

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Nair; Gajbhiye, S.N.; Desai, B.N.

polluted with sewage. Incidence of chaetognaths at sewage polluted areas was limited mostly to periods of high tide; with population density much less (max 10.m super(-3)) than that of areas free of pollution (max 40.m super(-3)). Sagitta bedoti...

A morphological description of the sagittal otoliths of two mormyrids ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The morphology of the sagittal otoliths of two South African mormyrid fish, Marcusenius macrolepidotus and Petrocephalus catostoma, were studied to determine possible morphological significance. The sagittae of M. macrolepidotus and P. catostoma are kidney-shaped and oblong, respectively. The ventral margin is ...

Preliminary results of the empirical validation of daily increments in otoliths of jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus murphyi (Nichols, 1920 marked with oxytetracycline

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Miguel Araya

2003-12-01

Full Text Available The frequency of microincrement formation in sagittae otoliths of jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus was validated using experiments on captive fish. Adult jack mackerel were injected with a dose of 100 mg of oxytetracycline/kg of fish. A second injection was performed 30 days later. The fish were then sacrificed and their sagittae otoliths were extracted. Thin sections of the otoliths were prepared and observed through an epifluorescent microscope using ultraviolet light. Two fluorescent marks corresponding to the two injections were clearly visible. The average number of microincrements between the two fluorescent marks was 29 (n=10; S.D.=1.63 and the median was 29.3. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that this value was not significantly different from 30. This result indicates that microincrements in otoliths of adult jack mackerel of between 28.4 and 37.7 cm fork length are formed with a daily frequency.

New flash mixing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sackmann, I.

1980-01-01

It was found that even for stars evolved away from the red giant branch, a new mixing of nucleo-synthesis products from the hydrogen-burning shells into surface layers was possible, from the penetration of the contaminated intershell region with the H- and He-ionization convection zones. This is due to the helium shell flash driving an immense expansion of an inner carbon pocket, namely, by a factor of 12,000 in radius, a drop in density of about 10 12 , and a cooling of inner pockets normally near 10 8 K to 23,000 K. The surface would be enriched in carbon ( 12 C), helium ( 4 He), and s-process elements, but not significantly in nitrogen ( 14 N), oxygen ( 16 O), or the isotope 13 C. This new type of mixing might provide the missing clue for FG Sagittae. Such a mixing had been suggested by the observations of FG Sagittae, but had been unexplainable by theory up to now

CONTINUING FACTION AMONG NAGAS

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Subramaniam Kannan

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Factions are the competition between groups for scarce resources or power. It manifests in many forms and is noticed in all parts of the world. However, factions also emerge because of certain vulnerable situations and issues that are found at different levels of social organisation. The fundamental assumption in the present study is that factions at different levels do not constitute independent and insulated phenomena. There are always certain linkages between their functioning at various levels, such as the village, block, district and the state. Against this background the present study made an attempt to observe factions at the village, block and district levels and establish organic or otherwise links between factions at these levels. The study carried out in Dimapur district of Nagaland, where there is a clash between two tribal groups. The rationale implicit in the study is, therefore, that the leadership of various political parties at the grass root level interacts with the leadership of these various tribal groups at the district level and state level through the dynamics of factional process. To collect in-depth information on factions among Nagas informal interviews were conducted among the elders at village level and tribal organizations at district level. The study also understands various specific issues, which constitute the back drop for various factions, i.e., those issues by which the faction-groups maintain identity. The origin of faction among the Nagas starts from the freedom struggle of Nagas from India. However recently the problems happened in the state head quarters (Kohima it reflects in the district head quarters and in the Sumi dominated villages. The study concludes that strong political ground among the tribal organisation is the major causes of the faction. Finally, the author suggesting that government should maintain the effective communication with the tribal group leaders and various tribal organisations and

Analisi Termostrutturale del Sistema Clessidra-Straws dell'Eesperimento FINUDA

CERN Document Server

Tommasini, S

2000-01-01

È stato studiato il comportamento termostrutturale del sistema Clessidra-StrawTubes dell¹esperimento FINUDA. In particolare è stata studiata l¹influenza della temperatura sulla sagitta e sulla freccia dei fili di tungsteno e degli $9 straws in relazione alla deformazione termica della clessidra su cui sono vincolati.

KERAGAAN USAHATANI DAN PEMASARAN BUAH NAGA ORGANIK

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Kustiawati Ningsih

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Salah satu faktor penting dalam agribisnis hortikultura adalah kelembagaan pemasaran dan salah satu komoditi yang menjanjikan adalah buah naga organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penerimaan petani dan marjin pemasaran buah naga organik di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Hasil analisis usahatani menunjukkan adanya keuntungan dalam usahatani buah naga organik, hal ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai R/C=2,34. Bila dibandingkan dengan nilai R/C rasio usahatai tembakau Madura yaitu sebesar 1,38 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa usahatani buah naga organik lebih efisien sehingga dapat dikatakan usahatani buah naga organik dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif usahatani tembakau Madura. Kisaran (Acquirement marjin pemasaran antara lembaga-lembaga pemasaran cenderung bervariasi dan timpang. Besarnya marjin pemasaran pada tengkulak dan pedagang pengumpul masing-masing Rp 5.000/kg dan Rp 4.000/kg. Besarnya bagian petani (farmer share buah naga organik pada tengkulak dan pedagang pengumpul masing-masing 10%dan 10,67%. Secara ekonomi, buah naga organik masih menguntungkan. Keuntungan ini masih dapat ditingkatkan dengan memperbaiki sistem produksi, sehingga produktivitas dapat ditingkatkan. Diperkirakan dengan proses produksi ini dapat memperbaiki kualitas dan kuantitas, terutama pada tingkat lebih tinggi lagi, sehingga memiliki peluang mengakses pasar lebih luas, khususnya pasar luar negeri (ekspor.  ABSTRACTOne important factor in the agribusiness of horticulture is institutional marketing and one of the commodities that prospecive is organic dragon fruit. This study aims to determine the revenue of farmers and marketing margin of organic dragon fruit in Pamekasan. Results of the analysis showed profit in organic dragon fruit farming, this is indicated by the value of R / C = 2,34. When compared with the value of R / C ratio of Madura tobacco farming in the amount of 1.38 it can be concluded that organic dragon fruit farming more efficient so that it can be said dragon

Chaetognatha of the Andaman Sea

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Nair, V.R.; Achuthankutty, C.T.; Nair, S.R.S.; Madhupratap, M

from 126 to 1959/100 m 3(av 659/100 m 3) Thirteen species belonging to 3 genera, Krohnitta, Pterosagitta and Sagitta, were identified in this region S enflata was the dominant species(44.7 c) followed by S bipunctata (15.3 c),S pacifica (12.3 c)and K...

PERFORMAN BROILER YANG DIBERI RANSUM MENGANDUNG TEPUNG KULIT BUAH NAGA TANPA DAN DENGAN Aspergillus niger TERFERMENTASI

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Astuti I

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian tepung kulit buah naga tanpa atau terfermentasidalam ransum terhadap performans ayam broiler. Rancangan acak lengkap (RAL dengan 7 perlakuan dan 3ulangan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian menggunakan ayam broiler jantan umur dua minggu sebanyak84 ekor. Perlakuan adalah ransum tanpa menggunakan tepung kulit buah naga (kontrol atau P0, ransum denganmenggunakan tepung kulit buah naga 2% (P1, ransum dengan menggunakan tepung kulit buah naga terfermentasi2% (P2, ransum dengan menggunakan tepung kulit buah naga 4% (P3, ransum dengan menggunakan tepungkulit buah naga terfermentasi 4% (P4, ransum dengan menggunakan tepung kulit buah naga 6% (P5, ransumdengan menggunakan tepung kulit buah naga terfermentasi 6% (P6. Peubah yang diamati konsumsi pakan,pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, mortalitas dan persentase bagian-bagian karkas. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan ransum mendapat tepung kulit buah naga tanpa dan dengan terfermentasi berbeda tidak nyata(P>0,05 terhadap konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan dan mortalitas. Sama halnyadengan persentase bagian-bagian karkas ayam broiler yang meliputi persentase dada, persentase sayap, persentasepaha, dan persentase punggung menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05. Pemberian tepung kulitbuah naga tanpa dan dengan terfermentasi sampai level 6% dapat diberikan pada ternak ayam broiler.

Hierarchical structure of the otolith of adult wild carp

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Zhuo; Gao Yonghua; Feng Qingling

2009-01-01

The otolith of adult wild carp contains a pair of asterisci, a pair of lappilli and a pair of sagittae. Current research works are mainly restricted to the field of the daily ring structure. The purpose of this work is to explore the structural characteristics of carp's otolith in terms of hierarchy from nanometer to millimeter scale by transmission election microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on the observation, carp's lapillus is composed of ordered aragonite crystals. Seven hierarchical levels of the microstructure were proposed and described with the scheme representing a complete organization in detail. SEM studies show not only the clear daily growth increment, but also the morphology within the single daily increment. The domain structure of crystal orientation in otolith was observed for the first time. Furthermore, TEM investigation displays that the lapillus is composed of aragonite crystals with nanometer scale. Four hierarchical levels of the microstructure of the sagitta are also proposed. The asteriscus which is composed of nanometer scale vaterite crystals is considered to have a uniform structure.

Hierarchical structure of the otolith of adult wild carp

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li Zhuo; Gao Yonghua [State key laboratory of new ceramics and fine processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Feng Qingling, E-mail: biomater@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn [State key laboratory of new ceramics and fine processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)

2009-04-30

The otolith of adult wild carp contains a pair of asterisci, a pair of lappilli and a pair of sagittae. Current research works are mainly restricted to the field of the daily ring structure. The purpose of this work is to explore the structural characteristics of carp's otolith in terms of hierarchy from nanometer to millimeter scale by transmission election microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on the observation, carp's lapillus is composed of ordered aragonite crystals. Seven hierarchical levels of the microstructure were proposed and described with the scheme representing a complete organization in detail. SEM studies show not only the clear daily growth increment, but also the morphology within the single daily increment. The domain structure of crystal orientation in otolith was observed for the first time. Furthermore, TEM investigation displays that the lapillus is composed of aragonite crystals with nanometer scale. Four hierarchical levels of the microstructure of the sagitta are also proposed. The asteriscus which is composed of nanometer scale vaterite crystals is considered to have a uniform structure.

Identificación de stocks pesqueros de la corvina de río (Plagioscion ternetzi de los ríos Paraguay y Paraná, mediante el análisis morfométrico de sus otolitos

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Esteban Avigliano

2015-09-01

Full Text Available La identificación de stocks pesqueros es un requisito básico para el manejo y la gestión de la pesca. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir por primera vez los otolitos de la corvina de Río P. ternetzi y evaluar la existencia de diferentes stocks pesqueros entre dos áreas de la Cuenca del Plata, cuenca baja del Río Paraguay y el Río Paraná medio. Con este fin, cinco índices morfométricos aplicados sobre los otolitos sagittae (rectangularidad, circularidad AO/LO, SS/SO y PS/PO fueron comparados entre los sitios de estudio. Los otolitos sagittae son semicirculares y presentan bordes lisos. El sulcus acusticus es de tipo heterosulcoide y curvo, con abertura pseudoostio-caudal. Se observaron diferencias significativas para circularidad, rectangularidad, SS/SO y PS/PO (t- test, P 69%. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que las poblaciones de esta especie de los ríos Paraguay y Paraná estarían parcialmente separadas, aunque mantendrían flujo de individuos entre las mismas.

THE MYTHOLOGY OF KAMPUNG NAGA COMMUNITY

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Wahyu Iryana

2014-12-01

Full Text Available In order to gain understanding of the meaning of symbolic variants of the myth in Kampung Naga, an objective analysis is required. Therefore, this paper applied the linguistic model study offered by Levi-Strauss as a new step for the objectivity of myth interpretation. The basic assumption of Levi-Strauss’ linguistic model is that myth often display a diverse surface structure, but in fact the diversity is the description of the human deep structure. The selection of this myth was solely based on the life of the Kampung Naga community as part of Sundanese Society. The results indicated that the myth in the religious life of the Kampung Naga community contains a various stories which include the revelation, the reincarnation, and the descent of revelation. These episodes can be constructed into the structure of a Levi-Strauss linguistic model, a binary opposition, namely the mandate giver (active the mandate recipient (passive. The relationship between the giver and the receiver is vertical (structural called “structure of three” (regular. From the “structure of three”, the “culinary triangle” can be constructed. From the “combined triangle”, the Batara Guru will also appear to become a central event that other figures have to go through. Finally, it can be stated that the deep structure construction that still refers to the aspect of Javanese cosmology in General.

Photometric study of the eclipsing binary U Sagittae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McNamara, D.H.; Feltz, K.A. Jr.

1976-01-01

The geometric and photometric elements of the eclipsing star U Sge have been derived from uvby observations secured in 1973-74. The ''best'' elements are r 1 = 0.296, r 2 = 0.225, i = 90 0 ; and L 1 = 0.130, L 2 = 0.870 in yellow light where the subscript 1 refers to the G2 IV-III component and the subscript 2 refers to the B8 V component. Radii and masses of the two stars can be derived by assuming that the larger star fills its Roche lobe. This assumption yields r 1 = 3.32 R/sub solar mass/, r 2 = 2.52 R/sub solar mass/, M 1 = 1.4 solar mass, and M 2 = 3.5 solar mass. The absolute magnitudes are found by two different methods and yield M/sub v/ = -0/sup m/4 for the B star and M/sub v/ = + 1.8/sup m/ for the G star. If corrections for radiative interactions are made, the absolute magnitude of the G star is M/sub v/ is approximately equal + 2.2/sup m/. Observational data secured in the u filter suggest that Balmer continuum emission can be detected from an emitting gas stream or disk. The gas must be concentrated near the following hemisphere of the B Star. The m 1 measurements of the secondary component suggest a metal deficiency of [Fe/H] = -0.6

PENGEMBANGAN BOOKLET PEMBUATAN YOGHURT KULIT BUAH NAGA UNTUK PARA PETANI BUAH BERBASIS PADA HASIL PENELITIAN

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W.F Edi Hanzen

2016-11-01

Masyarakat belum memanfaatkan kulit buah naga dan hanya dibuang sebagai limbah. Pemanfaatan limbah kulit buah naga untuk produk olahan dalam rangka penganekaragaman pangan sampai saat ini masih belum dilakukan. Kulit buah naga memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang bermanfaat untuk pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat. Salah satu bentuk makanan olahan dengan bahan dasar kulit buah naga dengan memanfaatkan bakteri asam laktat ialah yoghurt kulit buah naga. Booklet ini disusun berdasarkan hasil penelitian mengenai pembuatan yoghurt kulit buah naga. Booklet disusun untuk komunitas petani buah. Booklet berisi materi-materi tentang manfaat yoghurt dan petunjuk pembuatan yoghurt, alat dan bahan yang digunakan untuk membuat yoghurt, cara mengemas yoghurt dan strategi pemasaran yoghurt. Metode penelitian pengembangan ialah metode observasional dengan urutan langkah seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Hannafin dan Peck (1998. Hasil validasi dari para validator dan uji keterbacaan booklet oleh masyarakat petani buah  menunjukkan bahwa booklet yang disusun memiliki kualifikasi sangat menarik, sangat sesuai, dan sangat efektif untuk digunakan. Booklet yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dan dapat disebarluaskan sebagai media penyuluhan kepada masyarakat petani buah.

Human alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (alpha-NAGA) deficiency: no association with neuroaxonal dystrophy?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bakker, H. D.; de Sonnaville, M. L.; Vreken, P.; Abeling, N. G.; Groener, J. E.; Keulemans, J. L.; van Diggelen, O. P.

2001-01-01

Two new individuals with alpha-NAGA deficiency are presented. The index patient, 3 years old, has congenital cataract, slight motor retardation and secondary demyelinisation. Screening of his sibs revealed an alpha-NAGA deficiency in his 7-year-old healthy brother who had no clinical or neurological

Corneal topographer based on the Hartmann test.

Science.gov (United States)

Mejía, Yobani; Galeano, Janneth C

2009-04-01

The purpose of this article is to show the performance of a topographer based on the Hartmann test for convex surfaces of F/# approximately 1. This topographer, called "Hartmann Test topographer (HT topographer)," is a prototype developed in the Physics Department of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. From the Hartmann pattern generated by the surface under test, and by the Fourier analysis and the optical aberration theory we obtain the sagitta (elevation map) of the surface. Then, taking the first and the second derivatives of the sagitta in the radial direction we obtain the meridional curvature map. The method is illustrated with an example. To check the performance of the HT topographer a toric surface, a revolution aspherical surface, and two human corneas were measured. Our results are compared with those obtained with a Placido ring topographer (Tomey TMS-4 videokeratoscope), and we show that our curvature maps are similar to those obtained with the Placido ring topographer. The HT topographer is able to reconstruct the corneal topography potentially eradicating the skew ray problem, therefore, corneal defects can be visualized more. The results are presented by elevation and meridional curvature maps.

PRINCIPALES ASPECTOS MORFOMÉTRICOS DE LA CIÉNAGA DE CACHIMBERO, SANTANDER – COLOMBIA.

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BENJUMEA HOYOS CARLOS AUGUSTO

2010-05-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta el mapa batimétrico y algunos aspectos morfométricos relevantes de la ciénaga de Cachimbero. Es un sistema tropical somero con profundidad media de 1,83 m. La forma de esta ciénaga, basados en la curva hipsográfica relativa del área frente a la profundidad es cóncava (C. La ciénaga posee altos valores de los parámetros índice de desarrollo del volumen (Vd y la relación de profundidad (cociente profundidad media / profundidad máxima, Dmed / Dmáx, esto refleja su morfometría con un fondo relativamente plano y pendientes pronunciadas desde las orillas hacia el fondo. La ciénaga es de tipo alargado, característica que es corroborada con el índice de desarrollo del perímetro o de la línea costera (F, el cual es superior a la unidad. El valor de este parámetro indica la gran influencia de los factores externos sobre la dinámica de la ciénaga.

BANGUNAN TRADISIONAL KAMPUNG NAGA: BENTUK KEARIFAN WARISAN LELUHUR MASYARAKAT SUNDA

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Iwan Hermawan

2014-12-01

Full Text Available A space is where humans live their lives on earth. Its presence is essential for human life, as sustained or damage to the environment will affect humans who live in it. To this day Kampung Naga village continue to keep their living space preserved as practiced to their houses and other buildings. This paper aims to reveal the Sunda local wisdom contained in building houses in Kampung Naga village. Data collected through surveys, personal involvement, interviews, and literature. The data were analyzed qualitatively. Kampung Naga houses and other buildings are construedted according to the teachings of the ancestors. Shape and architecture of the building adapts to local conditions. For them life is not in nature but living with nature. These values are noble values that need to be maintained and actualized in everyday life of modern humans in protecting the environment.

Formation of ring marks in stocked tilapia juveniles (Oreochromis aureus/O. niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae

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Ana L Ibañez

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Lake Metztitlán was dried up completely in the spring of 1998 and refilled in August of that year. In the period September-November, two cohorts of 1.6 million juveniles of a tilapia hybrid were stocked (Oreochromis aureus/O. niloticus, and monitored every month for one year. Since the date of birth of these juveniles was known, the analyses focused on whether the ring marks of the scales, sagittae and opercula or the circuli of the scales could be used to age them. The ring marks of the scales and opercula showed great variability, and the sagittae had a significant relationship with length, but it is unclear if at least the first ring mark could be formed at the hatchery and reflect changes in diet and/or tank movements in the fish farm. The circuli had a continuous regular behavior, with a formation rate of 10.38±0.93 and 11.38±0.95 circuli/month for the first and second cohorts, respectively. This proportion was maintained during the study period, and could be of help to calculate an approximate age of juveniles, especially in stocked fish that show multiple ring marks because of manipulation in fish farms and stocking events. Rev. Biol. Trop. 55 (3-4: 1005-1013. Epub 2007 December, 28.El lago de Metztitlán se secó completamente en la primavera de 1998, inundándose nuevamente en agosto del mismo año para ser repoblado entre septiembre y noviembre con 1.6 millones de jóvenes de un híbrido de tilapia (Oreochromis aureus/O. niloticus en dos periodos. Ambas cohortes fueron monitoreadas mensualmente durante un año. Debido a que la fecha de nacimiento era conocida, el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar si las marcas anulares de las escamas, las sagittae y los opérculos, o los circuli de las escamas pueden usarse para estimar la edad. Los anillos de las escamas y opérculos mostraron gran variabilidad, mientras que las de las sagittae se relacionaron significativamente con la longitud, sin embargo no quedó claro si al menos el primer

Aquila

Science.gov (United States)

Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

(the Eagle; abbrev. Aql, gen. Aquilae; area 652 sq. deg.) An equatorial constellation that lies between Sagitta and Sagittarius, and culminates at midnight in mid-July. Its origin dates back to Babylonian times and it is said to represent the eagle of Zeus in Greek mythology, which carried the thunderbolts that Zeus hurled at his enemies and which snatched up Ganymede to become cup-bearer to the g...

PERILAKU PENCARIAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG NAGA, KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA

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D. Anwar Musadad

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Pencarian pelayanan kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh latar belakang sosial budaya masyarakat. Untuk itu telah dilakukan suatu studi kualitatif di Kampung Naga, sebuah kampung yang terletak di pinggiran Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Jawa Barat, yang secara turun-temurun mempertahankan adat Sunda. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam dengan informan dan observasi.Pada masyarakat Kampung Naga dikenal 2 penyebab terjadinya sakit, yaitu kabadi dan sasalad. Konsep sakit ini mewarnai perilaku masyarakat dalam mencari pelayanan kesehatan. Dalam hal pengobatan terutama untuk pertolongan pertama mereka pergi ke tukang nyampe, yaitu dukun pengobat tradisional setempat. Walaupun demikian pengobatan modern bukan merupakan hal yang tabu, bahkan telah banyak digunakan masyarakat tersebut.

sobre la calidad del agua de la ciénaga

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Diego Alejandro Chalarca Rodríguez

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En el municipio de Ayapel, departamento de Córdoba, se realizaron cuatro muestreos de campo con el fin de obtener información representativa de las variaciones horarias del agua residual del municipio como también de la calidad del agua en la zona de influencia de éstas en la ciénaga de Ayapel. En el sector donde se presentan las principales descargas del alcantarillado se determinaron las variables fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas del agua residual doméstica y de la ciénaga. Ello con el fin de determinar el posible impacto de las aguas residuales domésticas sobre la calidad del agua de un sector de la ciénaga de Ayapel.Los resultados del estudio permiten afirmar que existe un impacto de las aguas residuales sobre el complejo cenagoso, sin embargo estas descargas afectan principalmente la calidad ambiental de los sitios aledaños al casco urbano del municipio de Ayapel, principalmente en las épocas de aguas bajas incluyendo la zona pelágica del sector E0.

Penyakit-Penyakit Penting Buah Naga di Tiga Sentra Pertanaman di Jawa Tengah

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Arif Wibowo

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to identify the causal agent of some dragon fruit disease emerging in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY and Central Java. Samples were taken from the dragon fruit plantation from the district of Sleman and Kulonprogo, Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta as well as Magelang, Province of Central Java. Isolation of pathogen from symptomatic plant tissue was performed on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA for fungi and Nutrient Agar (NA for bacteria and continued with Koch's postulates testing. The results of field observation showed that the disease commonly occured in all 3 plantations of dragon fruit were stem rot caused by Erwinia sp. and scab caused by Pestalotiopsis sp. Other miscellaneous diseases found among the plantations were brown spot (Fusarium sp., anthracnose (Colletotrichum sp., mosaic that might be caused by Cactus Virus X, root knotnematode (Meloidogyne sp., black rot and red spot which were still unidentified. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyakit-penyait penting pada tanaman buah naga yang ditanam pada sentra pertanaman buah naga di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY dan Jawa Tengah, serta untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab penyakit penting tersebut. Sampel tanaman buah naga diambil dari pertanaman buah naga di Kabupaten Sleman dan Kulon Progo untuk Provinsi DIY serta Magelang untuk Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Isolasi patogen dari jaringan tanaman bergejala dilakukan pada medium Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA untuk jamur dan Nutrient Agar (NA untuk bakteri serta dilanjutkan dengan uji Postulat Koch. Hasil pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa penyakit yang umum terdapat di 3 lokasi pertanaman buah naga tersebut adalah busuk batang yang disebabkan oleh Erwinia sp. dan kudis yang disebabkan oleh Pestalotiopsis sp. Adapun penyakit-penyakit lain yang dijumpai antara lain bercak coklat (Fusarium sp., antraknosa (Colletotrichum sp., mosaik yang kemungkinan disebabkan oleh Cactus Virus X, puru akar

Ethnomathematics study: uncovering units of length, area, and volume in Kampung Naga Society

Science.gov (United States)

Septianawati, T.; Turmudi; Puspita, E.

2017-02-01

During this time, mathematics is considered as something neutral and not associated with culture. It can be seen from mathematics learning in the school which adopt many of foreign mathematics learning are considered more advanced (western). In fact, Indonesia is a rich country in cultural diversity. In the cultural activities, there are mathematical ideas that were considered a important thing in the mathematics learning. A study that examines the idea or mathematical practices in a variety of cultural activities are known as ethnomathematics. In Indonesia, there are some ethnic maintain their ancestral traditions, one of them is Kampung Naga. Therefore, this study was conducted in Kampung Naga. This study aims to uncover units of length, area, and volume used by Kampung Naga society. This study used a qualitative approach and ethnography methods. In this research, data collection is done through the principles of ethnography such as observation, interviews, documentation, and field notes. The results of this study are units of length, area, and volume used by Kampung Naga society and its conversion into standard units. This research is expected to give information to the public that mathematics has a relationship with culture and become recommendation to mathematics curriculum in Indonesia.

Fish Otolith Growth in 1g and 3g Depends on the Gravity Vector

Science.gov (United States)

Anken, R. H.; Werner, K.; Breuer, J.; Rahmann, H.

Size and asymmetry (size difference between the left and the right side) as well as calcium (Ca) content of inner ear otoliths of larval cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus were determined after a long-term stay at hypergravity conditions (3g; centrifuge). Both utricular and saccular otoliths (lapilli and sagittae, respectively) were significantly smaller after hyper-g exposure as compared to parallely raised 1g-control specimens and the absolute amount of otolith-Ca was diminished. The asymmetry of sagittae was significantly increased in the experimental animals, whereas the respective asymmetry concerning lapilli was markedly decreased. In the course of another experiment, larvae were raised in aquarium hatch baskets, from which one was placed directly above aeration equipment, which resulted in random water circulation shifting the fish around (``shifted'' specimens). The lapillar asymmetry of the ``stationary'' specimens showed a highly significant increase during early development when larvae were forced to lay on their sides due to their prominent yolk-sacs. In later developmental stages, when they began to swim freely, a dramatic decrease in lapillar asymmetry was apparent. Taken together with own previous findings according to which otolith growth stops after vestibular nerve transection, the results presented here suggest that the growth and the development of bilateral asymmetry of otoliths is guided by the environmental gravity vector, obviously involving a feedback loop between the brain and the inner ear

Sturgeon and paddlefish (Acipenseridae) sagittal otoliths are composed of the calcium carbonate polymorphs vaterite and calcite.

Science.gov (United States)

Pracheil, B M; Chakoumakos, B C; Feygenson, M; Whitledge, G W; Koenigs, R P; Bruch, R M

2017-02-01

This study sought to resolve whether sturgeon (Acipenseridae) sagittae (otoliths) contain a non-vaterite fraction and to quantify how large a non-vaterite fraction is using neutron diffraction analysis. This study found that all otoliths examined had a calcite fraction that ranged from 18 ± 6 to 36 ± 3% by mass. This calcite fraction is most probably due to biological variation during otolith formation rather than an artefact of polymorph transformation during preparation. © 2016 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

Exploration of Structural and Functional Variations Owing to Point Mutations in α-NAGA.

Science.gov (United States)

Meshach Paul, D; Rajasekaran, R

2018-03-01

Schindler disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused due to deficiency or defective activity of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (α-NAGA). Mutations in gene encoding α-NAGA cause wide range of diseases, characterized with mild to severe clinical features. Molecular effects of these mutations are yet to be explored in detail. Therefore, this study was focused on four missense mutations of α-NAGA namely, S160C, E325K, R329Q and R329W. Native and mutant structures of α-NAGA were analysed to determine geometrical deviations such as the contours of root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation, percentage of residues in allowed regions of Ramachandran plot and solvent accessible surface area, using conformational sampling technique. Additionally, global energy-minimized structures of native and mutants were further analysed to compute their intra-molecular interactions, hydrogen bond dilution and distribution of secondary structure. In addition, docking studies were also performed to determine variations in binding energies between native and mutants. The deleterious effects of mutants were evident due to variations in their active site residues pertaining to spatial conformation and flexibility, comparatively. Hence, variations exhibited by mutants, namely S160C, E325K, R329Q and R329W to that of native, consequently, lead to the detrimental effects causing Schindler disease. This study computationally explains the underlying reasons for the pathogenesis of the disease, thereby aiding future researchers in drug development and disease management.

KOSMOLOGI RUANG ADAT SEBAGAI IDENTITAS PEMUKIMAN KAMPUNG NAGA, TASIKMALAYA - JAWA BARAT

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Meta Khairunnisa

2014-10-01

Full Text Available [Title: Traditional Cosmologycal Space as Kampung Naga Setlement Identity, Tasikmalaya - Jawa Barat] Located far from the city, an architectural masterpiece grows and developes in traditional settlement. The form and settlement identity merges with emotional’s people inside that not only creates an identity but also influences in the development of surrounding area . local wisdom is created from local identity and cultural that becomes soul and character of the settlement (Haryanto,2007:89. Place is created by experience memories in the past that makes the familiar space and indepth meaning (Tuan,2010:73. Kampung Naga is one of the Sundanesse traditional settlement in West Java that maintains the culture and local wisdom, nevertheless globalisation begin to influences the meaning of cultural space inside. Its has a cosmology cocept, proper behaviour and religion that is created naturally and transmitted orally from generation to generation.The research is to understand cultural themes in Kampung Naga as an identity of Naga’s people. Etnography metodology is used to describe the space indepth and connectivity of the meaning. Cultural spaces that is created from cosmologycal persception and traditional low are Pamali space, Sacred Space and Gender space, the elements of space inside give indepth meaning and create local identity of Sundanese people.

¿Existen variaciones interanuales en el crecimiento larval de anchoíta bonaerense (Engraulis anchoita)?

OpenAIRE

Barretto, A.C.; Chandler, D.E.; Gómez, M.I.

2005-01-01

Se determinaron las tasas de crecimiento de larvas de la anchoíta argentina (Engraulis anchoíta) provenientes de la plataforma bonaerense, contando y midiendo incrementos diarios en sus otolitos sagitta. Las larvas se capturaron en diferentes años y durante diferentes épocas (otoño de 1999; invierno de 2000 y primavera de 2002, 2003 y 2004)a los fines de analizar diferencias interanuales en el crecimiento. Se observó que tanto el crecimiento de las larvas como el del otolito estaban acoplados...

Otoliths analysis of Mugil curema (Pisces: Mugilidae in Cuyutlan Lagoon, Mexico

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E. Espino-Barr

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron la morfología, la morfometría y los anillos de crecimiento de los otolitos: sagitta, asteriscus y lapillus de la lebrancha o liseta Mugil curema de la Laguna de Cuyutlán, Colima, México; asimismo, se analizaron las diferencias entre derecho e izquierdo y entre sexos. Los ejemplares fueron obtenidos de la captura comercial en los meses de agosto a octubre de 2007, agosto de 2008 y julio de 2011. En todos los casos se observó que el crecimiento de los otolitos es excéntrico con respecto al núcleo. Las relaciones entre la longitud total del pez y la longitud y ancho de los otolitos demostraron que esta estructura puede usarse para describir el crecimiento del pez. Se identificaron seis anillos de crecimiento en las sagittae y asterisci: especímenes con dos anillos midieron 21.80 cm de longitud total (TL (± 1.41 desviación estándar, los de tres anillos 22.90 (± 0.91, con cuatro anillos midieron 25.30 (± 0.39, con cinco anillos 28.30 (± 0.78 y con seis anillos 31.10 cm (± 2.22. En los lapilli, debido a su gran grosor, no fue posible observar marcas de crecimiento. Durante la etapa inmadura, los otolitos de las hembras son de mayor tamaño, pero una vez que alcanzan la madurez sexual, los otolitos de los machos alcanzan longitudes mayores.

Anticestodal Efficacy of Folklore Medicinal Plants of Naga Tribes in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Moderate activity was recorded for the leaves of Clerodendrum colebrookianum, Lasia spinosa and Centella asiatica, while Curcuma longa, Cinnamomum cassia, Gynura angulosa, Lasia spinosa (stem) and Aloe vera revealed a negligible degree of anticestodal activity. Key Words: Anticestodal Efficacy, Naga Tribes, India, ...

Age and growth of the brick soldierfish, Myripristis amaena

Science.gov (United States)

Dee, Anderson J.; Radtke, Richard L.

1989-09-01

Otoliths (sagittae) of the coral reef fish, Myripristis amaena, the brick solderfish were examined internally by Scanning Electron Microscope methods to observe microincrements. The daily nature of increment deposition was validated through tetracycline and acetazolamide marking experiments. Utilization of multivariant mathematical models relating age to otolith size and fish size demonstrated that age could be reliably determined from body measurements and otolith weight measurements. Consequently, M. amaena grows slowly, maturing at about 6 years of age, lives at least 14 years and reaches at least 215 mm SL.

Eruptions and superhumps in dwarf novae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Patterson, J.

1979-01-01

The existence of two distinct eruption types in dwarf novae is considered. A small subclass of dwarf novae, the SU Ursae Majoris stars, show occasional very bright and long eruptions (''supermaxima''), and during supermaxima, large-amplitude photometric variations (''superhumps'') at a period related to the orbital period are seen. Two new stars showing these effects, AY Lyrae and YZ Cancri, are reported. A third star, WZ Sagittae, is probably also a member of the class. Models for the superhumps are reviewed and found to be unsatisfactory. Observational constraints on a successful model are discussed

OTOLITH MASS ASYMMETRY IN CARANGOIDES CAERULEPINNATUS (RÜPPELL, 1830 (FAMILY: CARANGIDAE COLLECTED FROM THE SEA OF OMAN

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Laith Jawad

2013-04-01

Full Text Available The sagittae mass asymmetry was studied in the teleost Carangoides caeruleopinnatus. The value of the asymmetry was calculated as the difference between the mass of the right and left paired otoliths, divided by average otolith mass. The results show that the absolute value of X in C. caeruleopinnatus does not depend on fish length and otolith growth rate, as it does in other symmetrical fish species. However, the absolute value of otolith mass difference increases with the fish length. The value of x falls between -0.2 and +0.2.

Genetic diversity and molecular evolution of Naga King Chili inferred from internal transcribed spacer sequence of nuclear ribosomal DNA.

Science.gov (United States)

Kehie, Mechuselie; Kumaria, Suman; Devi, Khumuckcham Sangeeta; Tandon, Pramod

2016-02-01

Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNAs were explored to study the genetic diversity and molecular evolution of Naga King Chili. Our study indicated the occurrence of nucleotide polymorphism and haplotypic diversity in the ITS regions. The present study demonstrated that the variability of ITS1 with respect to nucleotide diversity and sequence polymorphism exceeded that of ITS2. Sequence analysis of 5.8S gene revealed a much conserved region in all the accessions of Naga King Chili. However, strong phylogenetic information of this species is the distinct 13 bp deletion in the 5.8S gene which discriminated Naga King Chili from the rest of the Capsicum sp. Neutrality test results implied a neutral variation, and population seems to be evolving at drift-mutation equilibrium and free from directed selection pressure. Furthermore, mismatch analysis showed multimodal curve indicating a demographic equilibrium. Phylogenetic relationships revealed by Median Joining Network (MJN) analysis denoted a clear discrimination of Naga King Chili from its closest sister species (Capsicum chinense and Capsicum frutescens). The absence of star-like network of haplotypes suggested an ancient population expansion of this chili.

Fish Inner Ear Otolith Growth Under Real Microgravity (Spaceflight) and Clinorotation

Science.gov (United States)

Anken, Ralf; Brungs, Sonja; Grimm, Dennis; Knie, Miriam; Hilbig, Reinhard

2016-06-01

Using late larval stages of cichlid fish ( Oreochromis mossambicus) we have shown earlier that the biomineralization of otoliths is adjusted towards gravity by means of a neurally guided feedback loop. Centrifuge experiments, e.g., revealed that increased gravity slows down otolith growth. Microgravity thus should yield an opposite effect, i.e., larger than normal otoliths. Consequently, late larval cichlids (stage 14, vestibular system operational) were subjected to real microgravity during the 12 days FOTON-M3 spaceflight mission (OMEGAHAB-hardware). Controls were kept at 1 g on ground within an identical hardware. Animals of another batch were subsequently clinorotated within a submersed fast-rotating clinostat with one axis of rotation (2d-clinostat), a device regarded to simulate microgravity. Temperature and light conditions were provided in analogy to the spaceflight experiment. Controls were maintained at 1 g within the same aquarium. After all experiments, animals had reached late stage 21 (fish can swim freely). Maintenance under real microgravity during spaceflight resulted in significantly larger than normal otoliths (both lapilli and sagittae, involved in sensing gravity and the hearing process, respectively). This result is fully in line with an earlier spaceflight study in the course of which otoliths from late-staged swordtails Xiphophorus helleri were analyzed. Clinorotation resulted in larger than 1 g sagittae. However, no effect on lapilli was obtained. Possibly, an effect was present but too light to be measurable. Overall, spaceflight obviously induces an adaptation of otolith growth, whereas clinorotation does not fully mimic conditions of microgravity regarding late larval cichlids.

The laser system for calibration and monotoring of the Opal jet chamber

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Biebel, O.; Boden, B.; Bug, S.; Eyring, A.; Fischer, H.M.; Geich-Gimbel, C.; Gross, S.; Knop, G.; Levegruen, S.; Maringer, G.; Mauer, E.; Maur, U.; Nellen, B.; Neumann, H.; Rollnik, A.; Schreiber, S.; Simon, A.; Thiebes, J.; Wolf, B.; Wuensch, B.; Boerner, H.; Breuker, H.; Hagemann, J.; Hauschild, M.; Heuer, R.D.; Karner, K.; Linser, G.; Runolfsson, O.; Seidl, W.; Voillat, D.; Wicht, P.; Schmitt, H. von der; Wagner, A.

1992-01-01

In this report we describe the construction and performance of the laser system which was used in Summer 1989 for the initial calibration of the OPAL jet chamber after installation on the LEP beam axis and which has served as a monitoring tool since then. Two Nd:YAG lasers are used to generate 48 high precision double beams which enter the chamber at fixed positions. The main features of the roughly 450 optical components are described and the beam alignment procedures are explained. Results are given for jet chamber calibration constants such as drift velocity, Lorentz angle, and residual sagittas. (orig.)

Estimates of dispersive effects in a bent NLC Main Linac

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Syphers, Michael; Michelotti, Leo

2000-01-01

An alternative being considered for the Next Linear Collider (NLC) is not to tunnel in a straight line but to bend the Main Linac into an arc so as to follow a gravitational equipotential. The authors begin here an examination of the effects that this would have on vertical dispersion, with its attendant consequences on synchrotron radiation and emittance growth by looking at two scenarios: a gentle continuous bending of the beam to follow an equipotential surface, and an introduction of sharp bends at a few sites in the linac so as to reduce the maximum sagitta produced

PEMANFAATAN KULIT BUAH NAGA (Dragon Fruit SEBAGAI PEWARNA ALAMI MAKANAN PENGGANTI PEWARNA SINTETIS

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Prima Astuti Handayani

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Kulit buah naga merupakan limbah hasil pertanian yang mengandung zat warna alami antosianin cukup tinggi. Antosianin merupakan zat warna yang berperan memberikan warna merah yang berpotensi menjadi pewarna alami untuk pangan dan dapat dijadikan alternatif pengganti pewarna sintetis yang lebih aman bagi kesehatan. Pengambilan zat warna antosianin dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi. Pelarut yang digunakan adalah aquades. Variabel penelitian antara lain varietas buah naga, konsentrasi asam sitrat dalam pelarut, suhu ekstraksi, dan waktu ekstraksi. Potongan kulit buah naga diekstraksi dengan pelarut aquades dan asam sitrat dengan perbandingan tertentu, pada suhu ekstraksi 25-800C dan waktu ekstraksi 0,5-3 jam. Analisis kadar antosianin dilakukan dengan analisa antosianin metode Glusti dan Wrolstad. Hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa varietas buah naga daging merah menghasilkan kadar antosianin terbesar 22,59335 ppm. Selain itu kadar antosianin terbesar diperoleh pada variasi pelarut aquades:asam sitrat (5:1 26,4587 ppm, variasi pada suhu kamar menghasilkan 21,5028 ppm dan waktu pengadukan  3 jam menghasilkan 23,3027 ppm. Pewarna alami ini telah diaplikasikan pada makanan dan diujikan pada tikus putih, hasil uji coba menunjukkan pewarna buah naga dapat dipakai sebagai pewarna alami makanan. Dragon fruit peel is agricultural waste which contains quite high natural pigments of anthocyanins. Anthocyanin is a dye that potentially provides a red natural colorant for food and alternatively used as synthetic dye which is safe for health. In this study, the process of taking anthocyanin was conducted using extraction method. The solvent used was distilled water. The variables observed in the research include dragon fruit varieties, the concentration of citric acid in the solvent, extraction temperature, and extraction time. The dragon fruit peel was extracted using solvents of distilled water and citric acid at a certain ratio, at extraction temperature

Cambios espacio-temporales del plancton en la ciénaga de Aayapel (Córdoba-Colombia), durante la época de menor nivel del agua

OpenAIRE

Jaramillo-Londoño, Juan Carlos; Aguirre-Ramírez, Néstor Jaime

2012-01-01

Se evaluaron los cambios espaciales y temporales de los ensambles fitoplanctónicos y zooplanctónicos durante la época de menor nivel de agua en la Ciénaga de Ayapel. Se tomaron muestras integradas en toda la columna de agua, en seis estaciones de muestreo, siguiendo el eje longitudinal de la ciénaga en sentido norte-sur, y durante siete días continuos. Durante el período de estudio la ciénaga se comportó como un sistema de aguas blandas, alcalino, altamente turbio, con profundidad y transpare...

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanol Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber Briton & Rose

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Siti Nuari

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa flavonoid dari ekstrak etanol buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber Briton & Rose.  Ekstrak buah naga merah diperoleh melalui maserasi serbuk buah naga merah dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak etanol yang diperoleh di partisi dengan metode partisi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan air. Hasil partisi ekstrak etil asetat  kemudian dilakukan pemisahan dengan Kromatografi vakum cair, sedangkan ekstrak air dihidrolisis terlebih dahulu dengan HCl lalu dipartisi dengan etil asetat (fraksi etil asetat. Berdasarkan  hasi pemurnian ekstrak etil asetat dan fraksi etil asetat dengan KLT Preparatif diperoleh 5 isolat tetapi hanya isolat 3 yang positif senyawa flavonoid. Hasil spektroskopi UV-Vis isolat 3 menghasilkan puncak pada 330 nm (pita I dan 280 nm (pita II, sedangkan pada penambahan pereaksi geser tidak mengalami pergeseran batokromik dan hipsokromik. Berdasarkan data-data yang diperoleh isolat 3 diduga merupakan golongan senyawa flavanon.

REVISÃO DE ESTUDOS SOBRE DETERMINAÇÃO DA IDADE ATRAVÉS DE OTÓLITOS DOS PEIXES MARINHOS BRASILEIROS

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Mônica Rocha Oliveira

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho foi revisada a idade de 35 espécies de peixes marinhos da região costeira do Brasil. Um total de 42 artigos foi utilizado, sendo os dados categorizados de acordo com a década de publicação, par de otólitos usados para estimar a idade, métodos de validação, causas da formação do anel etário e a idade dos peixes. Os resultados mostram um aumento em número de estudos realizados em relação a idade e crescimento dos peixes marinhos. O par de otólito sagittae foi o mais utilizado para estudos de estimação de idade. Em geral, as marcas de crescimento nos otólitos foram relacionadas com a atividade reprodutiva dos peixes e a temperatura. Foram encontrados de 1 a 76 anéis (média=16 nos peixes marinhos do Brasil. Podemos concluir com essa revisão que é possível estimar a idade de peixes que habitam ambientes marinhos tropicais através de otólitos. É de fundamental importância para os estudos biológicos básicos que fornecem subsídios para tomadas de medidas na gestão e conservação dos estoques naturais de peixes. Palavras-chave: anéis de crescimento, crescimento, sagittae, região costeira brasileira, recursos pesqueiros. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v4n3p125-131

RESOLUSI KONFLIK ANTARA MASYARAKAT LOKAL DENGAN PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN (STUDI KASUS: KECAMATAN NAGA JUANG, KABUPATEN MANDAILING NATAL, PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA

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Dian Taufik Ramadhan

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Konflik antara PT. SMM, masyarakat Kecamatan Naga Juang, dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, berakar pada hubungan ekonomi yang menyangkut pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan komoditi emas. Penelitian ini berupaya melihat relasi di antara ketiga stakeholder tersebut. Melihat hal-hal yang menjadi sebab konflik, mengurai struktur dan dinamika konfik serta merumuskan strategi resolusi konflik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, dimensi sebab konflik disebabkan oleh dimensi ekonomi atas pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan komoditi emas, dimensi struktur dan dinamika sangat dipengaruhi oleh peran aktor yang mendorong peningkatan ketegangan dan eskalasi konfik. Resolusi konflik yang dirumuskan yaitu strategi akomodatif. Strategi akomodatif adalah strategi yang mengakomodir kepentingan dan espektasi dari dua stakeholder kunci yaitu, Pemkab Madina dan masyarakat Kecamatan Naga Juang. Conflict between PT. SMM, Naga Juang district community, and the government of Mandailing Natal Regency, rooted in economic relations that concern to the management and utilization of gold’s commodity.  This research attempt to see the relationship between the three stakeholders, see the causes of conflict, analyze the structure and dynamics of conflict, and also formulate strategies of conflict resolution. The results showed, the economic dimension of the conflict caused by the management and utilization of gold commodity, structural and dynamics dimensions are strongly influenced by the role of actors which encouraged tension escalation and conflicts. The formulation of conflict resolution is an accommodative strategic which is a strategy that accommodates the interests and expectations of two key stakeholders, namely Mandailing Natal regencial government, and Naga Juang district community.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK BUAH NAGA MERAH TERHADAP PROFIL LIPID DARAH TIKUS PUTIH HIPERLIPIDEMIA

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Reni Heryani

2016-05-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak buah naga merah dengan dosis bertingkat terhadap kadar Kolesterol Total, Trigliserida, LDL dan HDL darah pada tikus hiperlipidemia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan Post Test Only Control Group Design terhadap tikus putih galur wistar jantan yang di buat hiperlipidemia. Sampel terdiri dari 25 ekor tikus yang berumur 4 bulan yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu 1 kelompok kontrol negatif yang hanya diberi pakan standar, 1 kelompok kontrol positif yang diberi pakan makanan lemak tinggi (MLT, 3 kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan pakan MLT dan pemberian ekstrak buah naga merah dengan dosis 9 mg/200 gr BB, 11 mg/200 gr BB, dan 13 mg/200 gr BB selama 15 hari. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar kolesterol total, LDL dan HDL (metode CHOD-PAP dan trigliserida (metode GPO-PAPA darah tikus putih pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan dengan alat Microlab 300. Hasil penelitian diolah dengan uji ANOVA dengan α 5% dengan multiple Comparisons (Post Hoc Test  jenis Bonferroni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kadar kolesterol total 111.19±5.06 mg/dl, trigliserida 165.73±10.21 mg/dl, LDL 72.83±7.65 mg/dl dan HDL 38.36±6.06 mg/dl setelah pemberian pakan MLT. Hasil ini lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol negatif yang hanya diberikan pakan standar. Pemberian ekstrak buah naga merah menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida. Sedangkan untuk kadar LDL dan HDL tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara masing-masing kelompok perlakuan setelah diberikan ekstrak buah naga merah. Kata Kunci : Ekstrak Buah Naga Merah, Hiperlipidemia, Profil Lipid ABSTRACTThis study was an experimental study with Post Test Only Control Group Design on male Wistar rat strain that created hyperlipidemia. The sample consisted of 25 rats aged 4 months were divided into 5 groups, namely 1 negative control group fed only

Objective prioritization of intervention areas for the NAGA Foundation in the Kenya Tanzania border area

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Maat, ter H.W.; Hutjes, R.W.A.; Fleskens, L.; Querner, E.P.; Klostermann, J.E.M.; Jaspers, A.M.J.

2016-01-01

The NAGA foundation aims to establish Hydrologic Corridors, wherein re-greening and restoration of
the landscape interacts with regional rain-bringing wind patterns to intensify the local hydrologic cycle
to a point that a permanently greener and more productive ecosystem can be sustained.

Interannual variations in the hatching pattern, larval growth and otolith size of a sand-dwelling fish from central Chile

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez-Valentino, Camilo; Landaeta, Mauricio F.; Castillo-Hidalgo, Gissella; Bustos, Claudia A.; Plaza, Guido; Ojeda, F. Patricio

2015-09-01

The interannual variation (2010-2013) of larval abundance, growth and hatching patterns of the Chilean sand stargazer Sindoscopus australis (Pisces: Dactyloscopidae) was investigated through otolith microstructure analysis from samples collected nearshore (otolith size (radius, perimeter and area), related to body length of larvae, significantly decreased from 2010 to 2012, but increases significantly in 2013. Although the mean values of microincrement widths of sagitta otoliths were similar between 2010 and 2011 (around 0.6-0.7 μm), the interindividual variability increases in 2011 and 2013, suggesting large environmental variability experienced by larvae during these years. Finally, the hatching pattern of S. australis changed significantly from semi-lunar to lunar cycle after 2012.

Capsaicinoids, amino acid and fatty acid profiles in different fruit components of the world hottest Naga king chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq).

Science.gov (United States)

Ananthan, R; Subhash, K; Longvah, T

2018-01-01

The world hottest Naga king chilli is cultivated and consumed in Northeast India. Capsaicinoids, amino acids and fatty acids were studied in fruit and fruit components of Naga king chilli. Capsaicinoid content was increased in each ripening stage and maximum level was observed at red color fruits. Total protein and fat content of placenta was 19.41 and 20.36% respectively. Capsaicinoids of placenta (7.35±2.241%) was higher followed by seed (3.83±1.358%) and pericarp (2.91±0.667%). Similarly, essential amino acid content was also higher in placenta compared to other components. Amino acid score ranged from 37 to 38 with cystine and methionine as limiting amino acid. Low level of palmitic, stearic and α-linolenic acid and very high level of linoleic acid were found in seeds. Total polyunsaturates of seeds were higher followed by whole fruit. Naga king chilli is unique due to its high capsaicinoid content and it offers potential crop for the future exploitation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Taxonomy and zoogeography of Sagitta planctonis Steinhaus, 1896 (Chaetognatha) in the Atlantic Ocean

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pierrot-Bults, A.C.

1975-01-01

Depth distribution, morphology, meristic, quantitative and qualitative characters of S. planctonis and S. zetesios are compared. A factor analysis and a discriminant analysis was made. S. planctonis is considered a polytypic species consisting of two formae: S. planctonis forma planctonis and S.

AHP 45: REVIEW:IMAG(INING THE NAGAS

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Mark Bender

2017-03-01

Full Text Available This beautifully executed work is a reexamination of thousands of photographic images of Naga peoples from North East India collected by Hans-Eberhard Kaufmann (1899-1986 and the ground-breaking visual anthropologist Christoph von Furer-Haimendorf (1909-1995. The book cover is dominated by the arresting image of a brooding man, crouching in full warrior garb consisting of rattan loops covering his forearms, hands clutching the bamboo shaft of a spear, bone arm bands about his triceps, wild boar tusks framing a tiny monkey skull and cluster of feathers atop his head, and large bone or shell discs above his ears. His eyes seem intently fixed on something outside the frame. This image seems to convey a way of life now regulated by polities and technologies beyond the purvey of the uplands, an image that appeals to modern sensibilities towards the wild and untamed.

Using otolith shape for intraspecific discrimination: the case of gurnards (Scorpaeniformes, Triglidae

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Stefano Montanini

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The sagittal otoliths are sound transducers and play an important role in fish hearing. Triglidae (Teleostei, Scorpaeniformes are known for sound producing ability in agonistic contexts related to territorial defence, reproduction and competitive feeding (Amorim et al., 2004. Chelidonichthys cuculus and C. lucerna show a significant body size-depth relationship and specie-specific feeding strategies with growth. Both juveniles and adults of C. cuculus prey necto-benthic invertebrates while C. lucerna specimens change diet from crustaceans to teleost during growth (Stagioni et al., 2012; Vallisneri et al., 2014; Montanini et al., 2015. The goal of this study was to analyze intraspecific shape variations in sagitta of model species of gurnards. 217 specimens were collected during bottom trawl surveys in Adriatic sea (northeastern Mediterranean. Each left sagitta was removed, cleaned in ultrasounds bath and kept dry. The otolith digital images were processed to calculate five shape indices (aspect ratio, roundness, rectangularity, ellipticity and circularity. Indices were normalised to avoid allometric effects according to Lleonart et al. (2000, than processed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA. The SHAPE program was used to extract the outline and to assess the variability of shapes (EFA method and estimated it through the study of principal component analysis (PCA. Considering the first two discriminant functions, LDA plot showed a clearly separation between juvenile and adults for both species. About EFA, the first 4 principal component discriminated over 80% of variance and significant differences were found at critical size between juveniles and adults for all the components analysed. The allometric trends corresponded to a relative elongation of the sulcus acusticus and an increase of excisura ostii. The combined use of the two external outlines methods should be highly informative for intraspecific discrimination and might be related to

FG Sagittae, a test of the theory of evolution of double shell source stars

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fadeyev, Yu.A.

1984-01-01

FG Sge is a unique stellar object possessing a number of unusual properties which are as follows: (1) FG Sge is a core of a planetary nebula, (2) at least since 1894 this star has crossed the HR diagram from the left to the right, (3) the atmosphere of FG Sge was enriched in s-elements, (4) FG Sge is a pulsating variable the period of which progressively increases from 15 days in 1962 to 110 days in 1980. The author estimates the distance and age of FG Sge from the hypothesis that it moves in the HR diagram along the horizontal loop due to a helium shell flash in its interior. (Auth.)

POMPA AIR BERTENAGA HIBRID UNTUK IRIGASI TANAMAN BUAH NAGA

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Danar Susilo Wijayanto

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Pemanfaatan angin dan radiasi matahari sebagai sumber energi bisa mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap penggunaan bahan bakar fosil, mengurangi biaya operasional dalam jangka panjang, dan mendukung konservasi sumber daya alam. Pengabdian ini menerapkan penggunaan sumber energi terbarukan untuk pompa air yang digunakan sebagai sumber irigasi tanaman buah dan sayuran pada pertanian organik di Balai Percontohan Pertanian (BPP Ngasinan, Kelurahan Beji, Kecamatan Nguntoronadi, Kabupaten Wonogiri. Teknologi hibrid menggabungkan turbin tenaga angin dan sel surya untuk memberikan pasokan listrik kepada pompa yang mengangkat air dengan Total Dynamic Head (TDH 12 meter. Sistem hibrid turbin angin dan solar sel mampu menghidupkan pompa air, sehingga pompa bisa mengalirkan air dari sumur ke tandon air. Sistem irigasi tetes dari tandon ke tanaman buah naga menyebabkan tanaman selalu lembab, sehingga mengurangi resiko kekeringan dan penyakit tanaman.

Geometric and Magnetic Axes of the LHC Dipole

CERN Document Server

Bajko, M; Buzio, M; Deferne, G; Ferracin, P; García-Pérez, J; Scandale, Walter; Todesco, Ezio

2001-01-01

The 15-m long superconducting dipoles of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with two-in-one design are curved by about 5 mrad to follow the beam trajectory. They are supported on three cold feet to minimise the vertical sagitta induced by their 35 tonnes weight. The cold masses contain at both ends local multipolar correctors to compensate for the detrimental effect of persistent current during injection. We discuss how we measure and control the geometrical shape of the cold mass and the alignment of the associated correctors and how we identify the magnetic axis of the field-shape harmonics with respect to the expected beam reference orbit. We present results relative to prototype dipoles obtained both at room temperature and in operational conditions at 1.9 K.

Radio observations of symbiotic stars

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wright, A E [Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Epping (Australia). Div. of Radiophysics; Allen, D A

1978-09-01

A search for 2-cm continuum emission from 91 symbiotic stars has been undertaken using the Parkes radio telescope. Nine sources have been detected, four of which are reported for the first time. The radio spectral indices are mostly about + 0.6; these are interpreted in terms of mass loss. In two stars a portion of the radio spectrum has an index of zero, and for one of these stars (RX Puppis) this is plausibly a manifestation of the cessation of symbiotic activity that occurred about two decades ago. There is an extraordinarily good correlation between the detectability at 2cm and the presence of circumstellar dust, but not between the radio and optical domains. The importance of continued radio monitoring of HM Sagittae over the next few years is stressed.

Dominancy of Trichodesmium sp. in the Biawak Island

Science.gov (United States)

Prihadi, D. J.

2018-03-01

The Biawak Island is one of the small islands in West Java Province with an abundance of marine biological resources. This research was conducted to collect the primary producer zooplankton and water quality parameters. Direct observation is done by field surveys and measurement in situ for plankton and environmental parameters such as temperature, water transparency, water current, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Trichodesmium sp. was found dominance in where some other types of zooplankton were found in the area, like Scenedesmus sp., Sagitta sp., Acartia sp. also occurred. Further, the most abundance of Trichodesmium sp. was found in southern of Biawak Island where mangroves, coral and seagrass ecosystem provide nutrients which indirectly support the abundance of planktons. Trichodesmium sp. is plankton that can survive in water with minimum nutrient.

Residuos de plaguicidas organoclorados en Rhizophora mangle y Avicennia germinans en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe Colombiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Espinosa Luisa F.

1998-06-01

Full Text Available Residues of the organochlorine compounds lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, pp'DDE, pp'DDD y pp'DDT were determined in leaves of two species of mangrove (Rhízophora mangle and Avícennía germínans from the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. Samples were made quarterly (between March and December 1993, at tour stations at the Ciénaga and at one station in Bahía de Chengue (Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona. Measurements were made usinq gas-liquid chromatography. In both ecosystems the two species are accumulating all the six cornpounds analyzed, as well as other indeterminate organochlorines. The greatest concentrations were found for lindane with maximum values of 15,9 ng/g (dry weight. For lindane, heptachlor and aldrin the concentrations were significantly different only between climatic periods. The highest concentrations were obtained for the dry season. The concentration factor by species was calculated and it was determined that the mangroves are accumulating organochlorine compounds in greatest proportion from sedimento.Se determinaron los contenidos de residuos de los plaguicidas organoclorados lindano, heptacloro, aldrin, pp'DDE, pp'DDD Y pp'DDT en hojas de dos especies de mangle (Rhízophora mangle y Avícennía germínans de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. Se recolectaron muestras trimestralmente (entre marzo y diciembre de 1993 en cuatro estaciones en la Ciénaga y en una estación de la Bahía de Chengue, Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona. Las determinaciones se hicieron por cromatografía gas-líquido. Se encontró que en los dos ecosistemas las dos especies de mangle están acumulando los seis compuestos analizados, además de otros compuestos organoclorados indeterminados. Las mayores concentraciones fueron las de lindano, con valores máximos de 15.9 ng/g (peso seco. Solo se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las épocas climáticas para las concentraciones de lindano, heptacloro y aldrin. Las mayores concentraciones se

Ciénaga (Magdalena, una región administrativa o municipio de enclave

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Luis Humberto Hernández

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El análisis sobre las regiones de enclave, el caso del municipio de Ciénaga, en el Magdalena, nos permitió concluir que su proceso de modernización estuvo determinado por la presencia de la empresa multinacional bananera United Fruit Company. La multinacional bananera fue la que introdujo en la región el trabajo asalariado moderno, dislocando las formas serviles y premodernas existentes. Al atraer la mano de obra servil regional, que utilizaban las haciendas ganaderas, y convertirla en mano de obra asalariada, fundamentó sus procesos socioeconómicos y político administrativo modernos.

Larvae of Crossorhombus valde-rostratus (Alcock) and C. azureus (Alcock) (Heterostomata: Pisces) collected during the International Indian Ocean Expedition and Naga Expedition

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Devi, C.B.L.

showed a decided liking to coastal or nearshore waters and occurred in the stratum mostly during night. However they also preferred SW monsoon season as the other species. Naga samples also showed identical preferences in so far as diel variation...

Assisted stellar suicide in V617 Sagittarii

Science.gov (United States)

Steiner, J. E.; Oliveira, A. S.; Cieslinski, D.; Ricci, T. V.

2006-02-01

Context: .V617 Sgr is a V Sagittae star - a group of binaries thought to be the galactic counterparts of the Compact Binary Supersoft X-ray Sources - CBSS. Aims: .To check this hypothesis, we measured the time derivative of its orbital period. Methods: .Observed timings of eclipse minima spanning over 30 000 orbital cycles are presented. Results: .We found that the orbital period evolves quite rapidly: P/dot{P} = 1.1×106 years. This is consistent with the idea that V617 Sgr is a wind driven accretion supersoft source. As the binary system evolves with a time-scale of about one million years, which is extremely short for a low mass evolved binary, it is likely that the system will soon end either by having its secondary completely evaporated or by the primary exploding as a supernova of type Ia. Conclusions: .

ATLAS Muon Drift Tube Electronics

CERN Document Server

Arai, Y; Beretta, M; Boterenbrood, H; Brandenburg, G W; Ceradini, F; Chapman, J W; Dai, T; Ferretti, C; Fries, T; Gregory, J; Guimarães da Costa, J; Harder, S; Hazen, E; Huth, J; Jansweijer, P P M; Kirsch, L E; König, A C; Lanza, A; Mikenberg, G; Oliver, J; Posch, C; Richter, R; Riegler, W; Spiriti, E; Taylor, F E; Vermeulen, J; Wadsworth, B; Wijnen, T A M

2008-01-01

This paper describes the electronics used for the ATLAS monitored drift tube (MDT) chambers. These chambers are the main component of the precision tracking system in the ATLAS muon spectrometer. The MDT detector system consists of 1,150 chambers containing a total of 354,000 drift tubes. It is capable of measuring the sagitta of muon tracks to an accuracy of 60 microns, which corresponds to a momentum accuracy of about 10% at pT = 1 TeV. The design and performance of the MDT readout electronics as well as the electronics for controlling, monitoring and powering the detector will be discussed. These electronics have been extensively tested under simulated running conditions and have undergone radiation testing certifying them for more than 10 years of LHC operation. They are now installed on the ATLAS detector and are operating during cosmic ray commissioning runs.

Unusual thickening of collarette in Sagitta bedoti (Chaetognatha) from the polluted environments of Bombay coast

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Nair, V.R.; Nagasawa, S.; Ramaiah, N.; Nemoto, T.

Sangitta bedoti dominated the chaetognath fauna of the nearshore waters of Bombay. S. bedoti from the polluted creek environments developed an unusually bulky collarette which extended from the neck to the seminal vesicles. Such extensive...

Evolución de las características socioeconómicas de los pescadores de Ciénaga, Magdalena

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Gabriel Durán-Fernández

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación analiza la evolución socioeconómica de los pescadores artesanales del municipio de Ciénaga (Magdalena. La información fue recopilada  mediante la realización de dos encuestas, una en el año 2011 (397 perteneciente a un proyecto interno de la Universidad del Magdalena y la otra en el periodo 2014 (199, que permitieron construir una base de datos con información social y económica de esta población objeto de estudio. Los resultados analizados demostraron que no hay grandes avances en la situación socioeconómica de los pescadores artesanales y su núcleo familiar, en el cual los diferentes módulos de las encuestas demostraron estancamientos y desmejora en los diversos niveles de educación alcanzados por los hijos y cónyuges de los encuestados, además un deterioro en la forma de eliminación de desechos porque existe un aumento en la cantidades de hogares que afirmaron que la queman o la vierten en el rio y la ciénaga.

The design, status and performance of the ZEUS central tracking detector electronics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Foster, B.; Cussans, D.G.; Fawcett, H.F.; Gilmore, R.S.; Heath, G.P.; Llewellyn, T.J.; Malos, J.; Morgado, C.J.S.; Tapper, R.J.; Gingrich, D.M.; Harnew, N.; Hallam-Baker, P.; Nash, J.; Khatri, T.; Shield, P.D.; McArthur, I.; Topp-Jorgensen, S.; Wilson, F.F.; Allen, D.; Baird, S.A.; Carter, R.; Galagadera, S.; Gibson, M.D.; Hatley, R.S.; Jeffs, M.; Milborrow, R.; Morissey, M.; Quinton, S.P.H.; White, D.J.; Lane, J.; Nixon, G.; Postranecky, M.; Jamdagni, A.K.; Marcou, C.; Miller, D.B.; Toudup, L.

1992-01-01

The readout system developed for the ZEUS central tracking detector (CTD) is described. The CTD is required to provide an accurate measurement of the sagitta and energy loss of charged particles as well as provide fast trigger information. This must be carried out in the HERA environment in which beams cross every 96 ns. The first two aims are achieved by digitizing chamber pulses using a pipelined 104 MHz FADC system. The trigger uses a fast determination of the difference in the arrival times of a pulse at each end of the CTD. It processes this data and gives information to the ZEUS global first level trigger. The modules are housed in custom-built racks and crates and read out using a DAQ system based on Transputer readout controllers. These also monitor data quality and produce data for the ZEUS second level Trigger. (orig.)

Relationships between otolith size and fish size in some mesopelagic and bathypelagic species from the Mediterranean Sea (Strait of Messina, Italy

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Pietro Battaglia

2010-08-01

Full Text Available The length-weight relationships and the regressions between otolith size (length and width and fish length of some mesopelagic and bathypelagic fishes living in the central Mediterranean Sea were provided. Images and morphological description of otoliths (sagittae from 16 species belonging to the families of Gonostomatidae (1, Microstomatidae (2, Myctophidae (8, Phosichthyidae (2, Sternoptychidae (2 and Stomiidae (1 were given. The length-weight relationship showed an isometric growth in 13 species. No differences between right and left otolith sizes were detected by t-test, so a single linear regression was plotted against standard length (SL for otolith length (OL and otolith width (OW. Data fitted well to the regression model for both OL and OW to SL, for each species (R2 > 0.8. These relationships offer a helpful tool in feeding studies and also provide support to palaeontologists in their research on fish fossils.

ATLAS Muon Drift Tube Electronics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arai, Y [KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organisation, Tsukuba (Japan); Ball, B; Chapman, J W; Dai, T; Ferretti, C; Gregory, J [University of Michigan, Department of Physics, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Beretta, M [INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati (Italy); Boterenbrood, H; Jansweijer, P P M [Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Brandenburg, G W; Fries, T; Costa, J Guimaraes da; Harder, S; Huth, J [Harvard University, Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Cambridge, MA (United States); Ceradini, F [INFN Roma Tre and Universita Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma (Italy); Hazen, E [Boston University, Physics Department, Boston, MA (United States); Kirsch, L E [Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, MA (United States); Koenig, A C [Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Dept. of Exp. High Energy Physics, Nijmegen (Netherlands); Lanza, A [INFN Pavia, Pavia (Italy); Mikenberg, G [Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Particle Physics, Rehovot (Israel)], E-mail: brandenburg@physics.harvard.edu (and others)

2008-09-15

This paper describes the electronics used for the ATLAS monitored drift tube (MDT) chambers. These chambers are the main component of the precision tracking system in the ATLAS muon spectrometer. The MDT detector system consists of 1,150 chambers containing a total of 354,000 drift tubes. It is capable of measuring the sagitta of muon tracks to an accuracy of 60 {mu}m, which corresponds to a momentum accuracy of about 10% at p{sub T}= 1 TeV. The design and performance of the MDT readout electronics as well as the electronics for controlling, monitoring and powering the detector will be discussed. These electronics have been extensively tested under simulated running conditions and have undergone radiation testing certifying them for more than 10 years of LHC operation. They are now installed on the ATLAS detector and are operating during cosmic ray commissioning runs.

Otolith patterns of rockfishes from the northeastern Pacific.

Science.gov (United States)

Tuset, Victor M; Imondi, Ralph; Aguado, Guillermo; Otero-Ferrer, José L; Santschi, Linda; Lombarte, Antoni; Love, Milton

2015-04-01

Sagitta otolith shape was analysed in twenty sympatric rockfishes off the southern California coast (Northeastern Pacific). The variation in shape was quantified using canonical variate analysis based on fifth wavelet function decomposition of otolith contour. We selected wavelets because this representation allow the identifications of zones or single morphological points along the contour. The entire otoliths along with four subsections (anterior, ventral, posterodorsal, and anterodorsal) with morphological meaning were examined. Multivariate analyses (MANOVA) showed significant differences in the contours of whole otolith morphology and corresponding subsection among rockfishes. Four patterns were found: fusiform, oblong, and two types of elliptic. A redundancy analysis indicated that anterior and anterodorsal subsections contribute most to define the entire otolith shape. Complementarily, the eco-morphological study indicated that the depth distribution and strategies for capture prey were correlated to otolith shape, especially with the anterodorsal zone. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Variasi Temperatur dan Waktu Tahan Kalsinasi terhadap Unjuk Kerja Semikonduktor TiO2 sebagai Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC dengan Dye dari Ekstrak Buah Naga Merah

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sahat M. R. Nadaek

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Salah satu energi alternatif yang mempunyai potensi sumber energi yang sangat besar untuk mencegah terjadinya krisis energi namun sering kali terabaikan adalah sinar matahari. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk  menghasilkan prototype dalam mengkonversi energi cahaya matahari menjadi energi listrik. Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC telah difabrikasi dengan menggunakan serbuk Titanium Dioksida (TiO2 yang dilapisi ke kaca Indium Tin Oxide dan diberi variasi temperatur 350oC, 450oC, dan 550oC dengan waktu tahan kalsinasi 30 dan 60 menit yang kemudian disensitisasi ke dalam larutan dye ekstrak buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus. DSSC di-assembling dengan coating Pd/Au yang telah di-sputtering ke kaca Indium Tin Oxide yang selanjutnya ditetesi dengan larutan elektrolit. Kemudian lapisan TiO2 tersebut dikarakterisasi menggunakan uji (SEM dan (XRD. Luas permukaan aktif partikel diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan BET analyzer. Dari hasil XRD dapat diketahui struktur kristalnya tetragonal. Hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa bentuk partikel TiO2 adalah spherical. Untuk luas permukaan aktif yang dihasilkan menunjukkan nilai yang berbanding lurus dengan kenaikan nilai kelistrikan DSSC buah naga. Dari uji kelistrikan didapatkan hasil optimum pada temperatur 550oC dan waktu tahan 60 menit dengan voltase 562 mV, kuat arus 0.307 mA, dan memiliki efisiensi sebesar 0.089%. Kata kunci: Dye ekstrak buah naga merah, dye sensitized solar cell, temperatur kalsinasi, TiO2, waktu tahan kalsinasi.

Variabilidad fisicoquímica del agua en la ciénaga El Eneal, reserva natural Sanguaré municipio de San Onofre Sucre, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elkin Libardo Ríos

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Entre mayo del 2003 y abril del 2004, en la ciénaga El Eneal, municipio de San Onofre-Sucre, se midieron los perfiles de temperatura del agua, oxígeno disuelto, pH, conductividad eléctrica y salinidad a través de un diseño nictemeral. Se encontró que el sistema es un ambiente completamente mezclado desde el punto de vista térmico debido a la acción de los vientos, de su morfología y de su ubicación cerca de la línea costera. También, se halló que esta ciénaga costera es un ambiente oligohalino en época seca; sin embargo, la mayor parte del tiempo el sistema puede considerarse como un ambiente limnético. En épocas prolongadas de sequía, la salinidad alcanzó su valor máximo de 3,4 ppm, lo cual podría constituir un factor limitante para comunidades de organismos estrictamente limnéticos.

Performance of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer and of Muon Identification at the LHC

CERN Document Server

Woudstra, MJ; The ATLAS collaboration

2010-01-01

The large cosmic data samples collected in fall 2009 by the ATLAS experiment have been used to study the performance of the Muon Spectrometer. Detailed studies of the basic Muon spectrometer performance in terms of sagitta resolution, tracking efficiency and momentum resolution are presented and provide an update with respect to the results recently published. The results are also compared with a cosmic data simulation recently improved with a more realistic drift chamber response. The recent collision data collected at a CM of 7 TeV have also been analyzed to determine basic Muon Spectrometer performance. The performance of the ATLAS muon identification was studied with 1 inverse nanobarn of LHC proton-proton collision data at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV. Measured detector efficiencies, hit multiplicities, and residual distributions of reconstructed muon tracks are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation. Exploiting the redundancy in the muon identification at detector and reconstruction level the...

Use of otolith strontium:calcium and zinc:calcium ratios as an indicator of the habitat of Percophis brasiliensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Esteban Avigliano

Full Text Available We evaluate the simultaneous use of Sr: Ca and Zn: Ca ratios of the sagitta otolith as a potential indicator of the habitat of Percophis brasiliensis along a latitudinal gradient in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (34-42ºS and 51-67ºW, in order to reliably identify fish stocks. Fish were collected in three sampling sites: Argentine-Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone (AUCFZ, El Rincón (ER and San Matías Gulf (SMG. The otolith Sr:Ca and Zn:Ca ratios were determined by ICP-OES and EDTA volumetric method. The otolith Sr:Ca ratio was similar in the three sampling sites, while the Zn:Ca ratio was significantly higher in AUCFZ than in ER and SMG for all age groups. The discriminant analysis showed an association between the otolith Sr:Ca and Zn:Ca ratios from ER and SMG. Present results suggest the potential occurrence of two fish stocks of P. brasiliensis in the study area.

Natural growth, otolith shape and diet analyses of Odontesthes nigricans Richardson (Atherinopsidae) from southern Patagonia

Science.gov (United States)

Lattuca, M. E.; Lozano, I. E.; Brown, D. R.; Renzi, M.; Luizon, C. A.

2015-12-01

Age and growth, otolith shape and diet of Odontesthes nigricans were analysed in order to provide an insight into the life history of the species and furthermore, to assess their possible use as a tool for discriminating silverside populations from the South Atlantic Ocean (Punta María) and Beagle Channel waters (Varela Bay). The age and growth analysis was performed by counting daily increments and annual marks in sagittae otoliths. Length-at-age data of individuals Otolith shape variation was also explored using elliptical Fourier analysis and it showed significant differences between Varela Bay and Punta María populations. Furthermore, gut content analysis characterized O. nigricans as an invertebrate predator, being benthic organisms the most important components of its diet, which also showed significant site dependence. The use of all these analyses contributed to a holistic approach which maximized the likelihood of correctly identifying both O. nigricans populations in the southernmost limit of the species distribution.

TPC track distortions: correction maps for magnetic and static electric inhomogeneities

CERN Document Server

Dydak, F; Nefedov, Y

2003-01-01

Inhomogeneities of the magnetic and electric fields in the active TPC volume lead to displacements of cluster coordinates, and therefore to track distortions. In case of good data taking conditions, the largest effects are expected from the inhomogeneity of the solenoidal magnetic field, and from a distortion of the electric field arising from a high voltage misalignment between the outer and inner field cages. Both effects are stable over the entire HARP data taking. The displacements are large compared to the azimuthal coordinate resolution but can be corrected with sufficient precision, except at small TPC radius. The high voltage misalignment between the outer and inner field cages is identified as the likely primary cause of sagitta distortions of TPC tracks. The position and the length of the target plays an important role. Based on a detailed modelling of the magnetic and static electric field inhomogeneities, precise correction maps for both effects have been calculated. Predictions from the correctio...

Construction of an end-cap module prototype for the ATLAS transition radiation tracker

CERN Document Server

Danielsson, H

2000-01-01

We have designed, built and tested an 8-plane module prototype for the end-cap of the ATLAS TRT (Transition Radiation Tracker). The overall mechanics as well as the detailed design of individual components are presented. The prototype contains over 6000 straw tubes with a diameter of 4 mm, filled with an active gas mixture of 70% Xe, 20% CF4 and 10% CO//2. Very tight requirements on radiation hardness (10 Mrad and 2 multiplied by l0**1**4 neutrons per cm**2) straw straightness (sagitta less than 300 m), wire positions and leak tightness put great demands upon design and assembly. In order to verify the design, the stability of the wire tension, straw straightness, high-voltage performance and total leak rate have been measured and the results are presented. Some examples of dedicated assembly tooling and testing procedures are also given. Finally, the results of the calculations and measurements of both mechanical behaviour and wire offset are presented. 6 Refs.

Índice de estado limnológico (IEL para evaluar las condiciones ecológicas de las ciénagas del Canal del Dique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Antonio Pinilla Agudelo

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Determinar el estado o salud ecológica de un ecosistema brinda herramientas útiles para su gestión y conservación. En Colombia no se han desarrollado índices que combinen en un solo parámetro las variables físicas, químicas y biológicas de los sistemas acuáticos, de manera que la evaluación de su estado ecológico ha sido fragmentaria o incompleta. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un Índice de Estado Limnológico (IEL para las ciénagas del Canal del Dique, ecosistemas sometidos a constante presión por parte de las comunidades humanas. Para la construcción de este índice multimétrico se realizó un análisis de componentes principales, se construyeron gráficas de calidad de las variables seleccionadas y se les asignaron valores de importancia. Se empleó la teoría de los multiatributos para construir el IEL, el cual considera 12 variables. Se diseñó una versión simplificada (IEL parcial - IELP en la que se excluyeron 4 de las variables biológicas. Finalmente, se construyó una escala de interpretación de los valores obtenidos con estos índices. El IEL y el IELP se aplicaron a las ciénagas del Canal del Dique para establecer su condición ecológica actual. Los datos muestran que el estado limnológico de la mayoría de ciénagas de esta región es aceptable, lo que sugiere que estos ecosistemas lénticos se encuentran dentro de los límites admisibles de funcionamiento, aunque no están excentos de procesos de deterioro.

Estado del arte de la limnología de lagos de planos inundables (Ciénagas) en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Montoya Moreno Yimmy; Aguirre R Néstor

2011-01-01

Colombia es uno de los países con mayor diversidad de especies y de ecosistemas en el planeta. Los lagos ubicados en llanuras de inundación o «ciénagas» (como comúnmente se las conoce en Colombia) comprenden un tipo de ecosistema acuático, que, no obstante su elevada riqueza específica, han sido someramente estudiados. Las investigaciones básicas en estos ambientes son escasas, en su mayoría se hallan publicadas en la «literatura gris» y no existe una compilación actualizada de los di...

Momentum scale in the HARP TPC

CERN Document Server

Catanesi, M G; Edgecock, R; Ellis, M; Soler, F J P; Gössling, C; Bunyatov, S; Krasnoperov, A; Popov, B; Serdiouk, V; Tereschenko, V; Di Capua, E; Vidal-Sitjes, G; Artamonov, A; Giani, S; Gilardoni, S; Gorbunov, P; Grant, A; Grossheim, A; Ivanchenko, V; Kayis-Topaksu, A; Panman, J; Papadopoulos, I; Chernyaev, E; Tsukerman, I; Veenhof, R; Wiebusch, C; Zucchelli, P; Blondel, A; Borghi, S; Morone, M C; Prior, G; Schroeter, R; Meurer, C; Gastaldi, Ugo; Mills, G B; Graulich, J S; Grégoire, G; Bonesini, M; Ferri, F; Kirsanov, M; Bagulya, A; Grichine, V; Polukhina, N; Palladino, V; Coney, L; Schmitz, D; Barr, G; De Santo, A; Bobisut, F; Gibin, D; Guglielmi, A; Mezzetto, M; Dumarchez, J; Dore, U; Orestano, D; Pastore, F; Tonazzo, A; Tortora, L; Booth, C; Howlett, L; Bogomilov, M; Chizhov, M; Kolev, D; Tsenov, R; Piperov, S; Temnikov, P; Apollonio, M; Chimenti, P; Giannini, G; Burguet-Castell, J; Cervera-Villanueva, A; Gómez-Cadenas, J J; Martín-Albo, J; Novella, P; Sorel, M

2007-01-01

Recently a claim was made that the reconstruction of the large angle tracks in the HARP TPC was affected by a momentum bias as large as 15% at 500 MeV/c transverse momentum. In the following we recall the main issues with the momentum measurement in the HARP TPC, and describe the cross-checks made to validate the momentum scale. Proton-proton elastic scattering data off the hydrogen target are used to alibrate the momentum of charged particles with a precision evaluated to be 3.5%. A full description of the time development of the dynamic distortions in the TPC during physics spills is now available together with a correction algorithm. This allows a new cross-check using an enlarged data set made by comparing positive and negative pion elasticscattering data collected with negative polarity of the solenoid magnet. These data confirm the absence of a bias in the sagitta measurement. The dE/dx versus momentum curves are revisited, and shown to provide a confirmation that the HARP momentum calibration is correc...

The Alignment System of the ATLAS Muon End-Cap Spectrometer

CERN Document Server

Schricker, Alexander

2002-01-01

The Large Hadron Collider at CERN will offer an unparalleled opportunity to probe fundamental physics at an energy scale well beyond that reached by current experiments. The ATLAS detector is being designed to fully exploit the potential of the LHC for revealing new aspects of the fundamental structure of nature. The muon spectrometer itself must measure with a momentum resolution of s10% for muons with a transverse momentum of pT =1TeV, to fully exploit the advantages offered by the open superconducting air core muon toroid magnet system. At this level of momentum resolution the muon spectrometer relies heavily on the ability to master the alignment of the large muon chambers spaced far apart. The overall contribution of the alignment to the total sagitta error must be less than 30 μm r.m.s. In order to meet the stringent alignment requirements the positions of the muon chambers are constantly monitored with optical alignment technologies. The end-caps of this spectrometer are therefore embedded in an align...

Real-time tracking with a 3D-flow processor array

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crosetto, D.

1993-01-01

The problem of real-time track-finding has been performed to date with CAM (Content Addressable Memories) or with fast coincidence logic, because the processing scheme was though to have much slower performance. Advances in technology together with a new architectural approach make it feasible to also explore the computing technique for real-time track finding thus giving the advantages of implementing algorithms that can find more parameters such as calculate the sagitta, curvature, pt, etc. with respect to the CAM approach. This report describes real-time track finding using a new computing approach technique based on the 3D-flow array processor system. This system consists of a fixed interconnection architexture scheme, allowing flexible algorithm implementation on a scalable platform. The 3D-Flow parallel processing system for track finding is scalable in size and performance by either increasing the number of processors, or increasing the speed or else the number of pipelined stages. The present article describes the conceptual idea and the design stage of the project

Otolith marking of juvenile shortnose gar by immersion in oxytetracycline

Science.gov (United States)

Snow, Richard A.; Long, James M.

2017-01-01

Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been used to mark a variety of fish species at multiple developmental stages; however, there is little information on batch-marking Lepisosteidae. Juvenile Shortnose Gar Lepisosteus platostomus (53 ± 3 mm TL) were seined from an Oklahoma State University research pond and transported to the Oklahoma Fishery Research Lab. Juvenile Shortnose Gar were exposed to a range of OTC concentrations—0, 500, 600, and 700 mg/L—for 4, 5, or 6 h. Lapillus and sagitta otoliths were examined 14 d postexposure for mark presence and evaluation using fluorescent microscopy. Overall, 93.3% of otoliths exposed to OTC exhibited a mark. Concentration of OTC affected the mean mark quality, whereas duration and otolith type examined did not. However, as concentration increased, so did mortality, suggesting a balance is needed to achieve marking goals. Based on our findings, batch marking of Shortnose Gar can be successful at OTC concentrations from 500 to 700 mg/L for 4–6 h, although mark quality may vary and mortality rates increase at the higher concentrations and longer durations.

Real-time tracking with a 3D-Flow processor array

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crosetto, D.

1993-06-01

The problem of real-time track-finding has been performed to date with CAM (Content Addressable Memories) or with fast coincidence logic, because the processing scheme was thought to have much slower performance. Advances in technology together with a new architectural approach make it feasible to also explore the computing technique for real-time track finding thus giving the advantages of implementing algorithms that can find more parameters such as calculate the sagitta, curvature, pt, etc., with respect to the CAM approach. The report describes real-time track finding using new computing approach technique based on the 3D-Flow array processor system. This system consists of a fixed interconnection architecture scheme, allowing flexible algorithm implementation on a scalable platform. The 3D-Flow parallel processing system for track finding is scalable in size and performance by either increasing the number of processors, or increasing the speed or else the number of pipelined stages. The present article describes the conceptual idea and the design stage of the project

2-D traveltime and waveform inversion for improved seismic imaging: Naga Thrust and Fold Belt, India

Science.gov (United States)

Jaiswal, Priyank; Zelt, Colin A.; Bally, Albert W.; Dasgupta, Rahul

2008-05-01

Exploration along the Naga Thrust and Fold Belt in the Assam province of Northeast India encounters geological as well as logistic challenges. Drilling for hydrocarbons, traditionally guided by surface manifestations of the Naga thrust fault, faces additional challenges in the northeast where the thrust fault gradually deepens leaving subtle surface expressions. In such an area, multichannel 2-D seismic data were collected along a line perpendicular to the trend of the thrust belt. The data have a moderate signal-to-noise ratio and suffer from ground roll and other acquisition-related noise. In addition to data quality, the complex geology of the thrust belt limits the ability of conventional seismic processing to yield a reliable velocity model which in turn leads to poor subsurface image. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of traveltime and waveform inversion as supplements to conventional seismic imaging and interpretation processes. Both traveltime and waveform inversion utilize the first arrivals that are typically discarded during conventional seismic processing. As a first step, a smooth velocity model with long wavelength characteristics of the subsurface is estimated through inversion of the first-arrival traveltimes. This velocity model is then used to obtain a Kirchhoff pre-stack depth-migrated image which in turn is used for the interpretation of the fault. Waveform inversion is applied to the central part of the seismic line to a depth of ~1 km where the quality of the migrated image is poor. Waveform inversion is performed in the frequency domain over a series of iterations, proceeding from low to high frequency (11-19 Hz) using the velocity model from traveltime inversion as the starting model. In the end, the pre-stack depth-migrated image and the waveform inversion model are jointly interpreted. This study demonstrates that a combination of traveltime and waveform inversion with Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration is a promising approach

MANAJEMEN RISIKO PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI DENGAN METODE FAST TRACK STUDI KASUS PROYEK QUNCI VILLAS DAN PUTRI NAGA KOMODO

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I Gusti Ketut Wirawan

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The rapid economic development such as now day, it need a construction method that may provide a facility faster and less cost. Therefore, fast track method has been widely applied in project management as happened in Qunci Villas Project at Lombok and Putri Naga Komodo Project at Loh Liang of Komodo Island. Fast track construction method has potential risks that can interfere the success of the project. This study aims to identify the risks, especially the mayor risk, to formulate the mitigation action, and to determine the risk ownership. This study was conducted using qualitative descriptive method by identifying the risks arising during the implementation of the fast track method on Qunci Villas and Putri Naga Komodo Projects through the study of literature, brainstorming, interview using questionnaires to those who knew or were involved in the project. So the frequency and magnitude of the consequences of each risk can be known. Then the risk assessment can be conducted to determine the mayor risk and the minor risk. Then determining mitigation action for the mayor risk to reduce the negative impact that may arise. Then allocating the risk ownership in other to the mitigation action can be handled properly. The risk identified totaled 25 risks consisting of : 1 risk (4% which was medium risk rating,  6 risks (24% which were high risk rating, and 18 risks (72% which were extreme risk rating. The mayor risk amounted to 24 risks (96%. The mayor risk which were high risk rating consisting of : 1 planning risk, 3 technical risks, 1 project risk and 1 criminal risk. While mayor risk which were extreme risk rating consisting of : 5 technical risks, 10 project risks, 2 financial risks, and 1 human risk. Mitigation action were handled by reducing likelihood and consequence. The most risks ownership were allocated to the contractor.

VALORACIÓN DE LA CALIDAD DEL AGUA DE TRES CIÉNAGAS DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE CESAR MEDIANTE MACROINVERTEBRADOS ASOCIADOS A EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (PONTEDERIACEAE

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MARÍA DEL ÁNGEL MARTÍNEZ-RODRÍGUEZ

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Se evalúo la calidad de agua de tres ciénagas del departamento del Cesar (Zapatosa, Mata de Palma y La Pachita mediante la caracterización de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos asociados a la planta acuática-flotante Eichhornia crassipes (taruya, buchón. Se realizaron dos muestreos en época de aguas altas y dos en el periodo de aguas bajas. Para determinar la calidad del agua se midieron variables fisicoquímicas y se utilizaron el Índice Biótico de Polución (IBP y el Índice de Integridad Biótica de Macroinvertebrados (IIBM, este último desarrollado específicamente para las ciénagas estudiadas. Los individuos encontrados pertenecen a 15 órdenes, 34 familias y 87 morfotipos, y de ellos el orden Coleoptera fue el más diverso con 49 morfotipos (56% del total. Las familias Hydrophilidae y Dytiscidae (Coleptera, Cyclestheriidae (Branchiopoda, Chironomidae (Diptera y Planorbidae (Basommatophora fueron las más representativas en cuanto a la abundancia. Las abundancias por área fluctuaron entre 3130 ind.m-2 en Mata de Palma (27% Conchostraca y 190686 ind.m-2 en La Pachita (95% Chironomidae. El IBP presentó las mayores correlaciones con las variables fisicoquímicas, pero el IIBM fue más flexible y sensible, por lo que se recomienda su utilización.

La Ciénaga de Córcoles: un área de sedimentación lacustre-palustre en el Mioceno (Aragoniense inferior-medio) de la Depresión Intermedia (Guadalajara)

OpenAIRE

Torres Pérez-Hidalgo, Trinidad José

1986-01-01

Las ciénagas de Córcoles son depósitos lacustres-palustres del terce Ciclo Neógeno de la Depresión Intermedia (Aragoniense inferior medio). Estuvieron distalmente relacionadas con el abanico aluvial, aunque rodeadas de un paisaje árido. las concentraciones singenéticas de metales sugiere que también tuvieron aportes de aguas termales.

Aspectos hidro-limnológicos en las ciénagas de Chucuri y Aguas Negras (Magdalena Medio, Colombia) durante un ciclo anual

OpenAIRE

García Lozano Luis Carlos; Márquez Calle Germán; Pedraza Gilma Estella

1989-01-01

El presente estudio analiza características hrdrológicas-limnológicas de la estructura y funcionamiento de las ciénagas de Chucuri y Aguas Negras localizadas en la planicie aluvial del Valle Medio del rio Magdalena. Se basa en seguimientos bimensuales en diez estaciones de muestreo, durante el ciclo anual: abril de 1983 a marzo de 1984. Se resalta la presencia de dos estadios definidos asociados al régimen de inundación y sequia con rasgos característicos en la comunidad fitoplanctón...

COLIFORMES TERMOTOLERANTES EN AGUAS DE LAS POBLACIONES COSTERAS Y PALAFÍTICAS DE LA CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, COLOMBIA

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Silvia Narvaez

2008-09-01

Full Text Available La Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta es el sistema lagunar costero más grande e importante de Colombia y el más extenso del Caribe. En su territorio se alojan siete poblaciones carentes de un sistema de saneamiento básico adecuado, que vierten sus desechos sin ningún tipo de tratamiento directamente a la ciénaga. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia ambiental de este cuerpo de agua y con el objeto de conocer su calidad sanitaria se determinaron las concentraciones de Coliformes termotolerantes en aguas adyacentes de dos poblaciones costeras (Tasajera e isla del Rosario y tres palafiticas (Buenavista, Nueva Venecia y Trojas de Cataca durante el periodo 2004-2007. Adicionalmente, se realizaron mediciones de pH, temperatura, salinidad y oxígeno disuelto en cada sitio de muestreo. Las mayores concentraciones de Coliformes se encontraron en el palafito Trojas de Cataca, en la época seca mayor de cada año (7.800-9.000 NMP/ 100 mL y los menores niveles en la estación Buenavista (2-1.100 NMP/100mL. El patrón de comportamiento de las densidades de Coliformes en las poblaciones costeras fue similar en el tiempo y no se observó ninguna relación directa entre las variables fisicoquímicas y el grupo Coliformes. Dado lo observado, se considera importante vigilar la calidad del agua en el estuario, teniendo en cuenta que constituye una fuente potencial de riesgo para el desarrollo de las actividades económicas de la zona y para la salud de los pobladores.

Tasas de desnitrificación en una laguna costera tropical, la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Mar Caribe, Colombia

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Herrera Martínez Yimy

2000-12-01

Full Text Available The rates of denitrification were measured as flows of N₂O in two sites in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta as a first step toward the identification of the patterns of this process in tropical coastal lagoons of Colombia. To find out its magnitud, samples of sediment were taken to the lab trials. The rates were related with physical and chemical variables of the sediments and the water column. The rates fluctuated between undetectable and 4305 nrnoles. mˉ² hˉ¹. The maximum flow attributed to bacterial denitrification was 38.8 nmoles.mˉ² hˉ¹. The results showthat denitrification is linked to nitrification of the sedimento It was determined that acetylene blockage assays in anoxic conditions underestimate the rates of denitrification. Apparently nitrification of sediments was blocked by the lack of oxygenand possibly because of the acetylene, which inabilited the production of NO₃ˉ for denitrification. The variations in space and time of denitrification are probably due to factors such as: salinity, porosity of the sediments, content of organic matter and O₂ concentration.Se midieron las tasas de desnitrificación como flujos de N₂O en dos sitios de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta como un primer esfuerzo para identificar los patrones generales que determinan este proceso en ecosistemas lagunares costeros tropicales colombianos. Para determinar su magnitud, se realizaron ensayos de laboratorio con muestras de sedimento de la ciénaga. Estas tasas fueron relacionadas con variables físicas y químicas del sedimento y de la columna de agua. Las tasas de flujo de N₂O estuvieron entre no detectadas hasta 4305 nmoles.m⁻².h⁻¹ . El flujo máximo de N₂O, atribuido a la desnitrificación bacteriana, fue 38.8 nmoles.m⁻².h⁻¹. Los resultados indican que la desnitrificación está acoplada a la nitrificación en los sedimentos. Se estableció que la utilización de la técnica de inhibición con acetileno y la incubaci

Productividad primaria y sustancias húmicas en la ciénaga El Eneal, San Onofre Sucre-Colombia

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Elkin Libardo Ríos

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Entre mayo de 2003 y abril de 2004, se determinó la productividad primaria y el contenido de sustancias húmicas en la ciénaga El Eneal. En la zona pelágica se dispusieron los ensayos de medición de la productividad y se tomaron muestras de agua para el análisis de las sustancias húmicas. El sistema cenagoso del Eneal, presentó un estado oligotrófico, con una reducida producción en la época de lluvia. En contraste en época seca, cuando disminuye el nivel de agua, la producción aumentó y los niveles de oxígeno se incrementaron, debido a la presencia de la macrófita sumergida Najas guadalupensis. Esto, se asoció a la baja presencia de plancton y de nutrientes biodisponibles.

Calibration of the central jet chamber of the OPAL detector with UV laser beams: Methods and results on jet chamber prototypes (FSP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hauschild, M.

1988-11-01

The central tracking device of the OPAL experiment at the LEP e + e - -collider consists of a pictorial jet chamber with a diameter of 4 m and 4 m length. The calibration of such a large detector is performed by the help of a UV laser system generating straight tracks even in the presence of magnetic fields. Intensive investigations of the laser calibration power and performance were done at the Full Scale Prototype (FSP) of the OPAL jet chamber. Laser double tracks with a precisely known distance are used to determine the drift velocity with an accuracy of 0.1%. From the measured deviations of a straight laser track electronic time offsets, wire positions and field distortions are derived. These calibration constants were applied to correct the measured drift times of test beam events. The sagitta and momentum resolutions of the thus corrected tracks have been obtained in the range from 6 GeV/c to 50 GeV/c. Extrapolating the results to the final OPAL jet chamber, a momentum resolution of σ-p/p = 6% is expected for 50 GeV/c tracks in a magnetic field of 4 kG. (orig.) [de

A high current, short pulse electron source for wakefield accelerators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ho, Ching-Hung.

1992-01-01

Design studies for the generation of a high current, short pulse electron source for the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator are presented. An L-band laser photocathode rf gun cavity is designed using the computer code URMEL to maximize the electric field on the cathode surface for fixed frequency and rf input power. A new technique using a curved incoming laser wavefront to minimize the space charge effect near the photocathode is studied. A preaccelerator with large iris to minimize wakefield effects is used to boost the drive beam to a useful energy of around 20 MeV for wakefield acceleration experiments. Focusing in the photocathode gun and the preaccelerator is accomplished with solenoids. Beam dynamics simulations throughout the preaccelerator are performed using particle simulation codes TBCI-SF and PARMELA. An example providing a useful set of operation parameters for the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator is given. The effects of the sagitta of the curved beam and laser amplitude and timing jitter effects are discussed. Measurement results of low rf power level bench tests and a high power test for the gun cavity are presented and discussed

Upgrade of the ATLAS Monitored Drift Tube Frontend Electronics for the HL-LHC

CERN Document Server

Zhu, Junjie; The ATLAS collaboration

2017-01-01

The ATLAS monitored drift tube (MDT) chambers are the main component of the precision tracking system in the ATLAS muon spectrometer. The MDT system is capable of measuring the sagitta of muon tracks to an accuracy of 60 μm, which corresponds to a momentum accuracy of about 10% at pT=1 TeV. To cope with large amount of data and high event rate expected from the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade, ATLAS plans to use the MDT detector at the first-trigger level to improve the muon transverse momentum resolution and reduce the trigger rate. The new MDT trigger and readout system will have an output event rate of 1 MHz and a latency of 6 us at the first-level trigger. The signals from MDT tubes are first processed by an Amplifier/Shaper/Discriminator (ASD) ASIC, and the binary differential signals output by the ASDs are then router to the Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) ASIC, where the arrival times of leading and trailing edges are digitized in a time bin of 0.78 ns which leads to an RMS timing error of 0.25 n...

La contaminación por metales pesados en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano La contaminación por metales pesados en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano

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Campos C. Néstor Hernando

1990-09-01

Full Text Available Se dan los resultados de los estudios sobre la contaminación por metales pesados en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. Las determinaciones se realizaron en el material en suspensión, en los bivalvos Crassostrea rhizophorae e Isognomon alatus y en los peces Gathorops spixii y Ariopsis bonillai. Los análisis de los metales Cd, Zn y Cu en el material en suspensión permitieron determinar que las mayores descargas de estos metales se suceden principalmente desde el Río Magdalena a través del Canal del Clarín y de los ríos que fluyen del piedemonte de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. La comparación de los contenidos en bivalvas permiten determinar la importancia de estos organismos como bioindicadores. Los análisis en las dos especies de peces mostraron una diferenciación en la capacidad de acumulación entre una y otra.  Al comparar los contenidos de metales entre los diferentes tipos de muestras con los cambios en los contenidos en el material en suspensión y la salinidad, se observó que estos dos parámetros son principalmente los que controlan la biodisponibilidad de los metales y además afectan los procesos fisiológicos de los organismos, aumentando o disminuyendo la capacidad de bioacumulación. Results of the studies of heavy metals pollution in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta are provided. The determinations have been done on the suspended matter, on the bivalves Crassostrea rhizophorae and Isognomon alatus, and in the fishes Gathorops spixii and Ariopsis bonillai. The analysis of Cd, Zn and Cu in the suspended matter led to determine that the discharges come principally from the Río Magdalena through the Canal del Clarín and the rivers coming from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Comparisons of the concentration in bivalves show the importance of this organisms as bioindicators. The analysis in both fish species show a difference in their capacity of accumulation. Comparison of the metals contents between different types

A preliminary perusal of ACE I/D polymorphism with adiposity traits and blood pressure among the AO NAGAS: Does gender-dependent gene expression matter?

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Imkongtenla Pongen

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This study aims to evaluate the association of gender-dependent expression of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism (I/D with adiposity markers and blood pressure among AoNagas.57AoNagas[Males (n =26; Females (n = 31; Mean Age: 30.56±7.5 and 31.9 ±8.3 1]residing in Delhi were included in this cross sectionalstudy. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were taken using standardized techniques. Adiposity indices viz., BMI, WHR and WHtR were computed. Body fat percentage was assessed by bioelectricimpedance technique using Tanita Body composition analyzer (T-6360. Venous blood samples were withdrawn for DNA extraction and genotyping of ACE gene (I/D polymorphism was established by polymerase chain reaction (PCR. In female participants with DD homozygote, risk of both general and central obesity as depicted by BMI, body fat percentage, WC, WHR and WHtR were higher than ID heterozygote. Risk of hypertension was found to be greater among males with DD homozygote rather than females with DD homozygote. In males, obesity was not found to be associated with hypertension in either DD or ID genotypic variants of ACE. Whereas, in females obesity was significantly and positively correlated with hypertension in both DD and ID genotype. DD homozygous form of ACE is linked with both obesity and blood pressure in females and only with blood pressure in males. This genotype-by-gender interaction gives us a facet in understanding the complex genetic basis of adiposity and blood pressure phenotypes.

Uji Efektivitas Pestisida terhadap Beberapa Patogen Penyebab Penyakit Penting pada Buah Naga (Hylocereus sp. secara In Vitro

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Ani Widiastuti

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Problem caused by pathogen in Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus sp. cultivation became very important because it decreased significantly the quantity and quality of the fruit production. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of some pesticides against pathogens that cause diseases of dragon fruit in several plantations in the DIY (Sleman and Kulon Progo and Central Java (Magelang and Batang. Test of fungicide effectiveness was done in vitro on PDA medium (potato dextrose agar by poisoned food technique. The fungicides were mancozeb 80 %, methyl tiofanat 70 %, copper hydroxide 80 %, chlorotalonil 75 %, mancozeb 64 % + metalaxyl 4 %, mancozeb karbendazim 73.8 % + 6.8 %,benomyl 50 % at a concentration of 1g/L. The bactericides used were streptomycin sulfate 20 % and oxytetracycline 150 AL with each concentration of 1 g/L and 1 mL /L. The results showed that benomyl 50 % was the most effective fungicide to suppress the growth of Fusarium sp. (brown spot, Colletotrichum sp. (anthracnose and Pestalotiopsis sp. (scab, followed by mancozeb 73.8 % +karbendazim 6.8 % and 73.8 % mancozeb. Bactericide which was able to suppress the growth of Erwinia sp. (stem rot was streptomycin sulfate 20 %.   Gangguan patogen pada buah naga (Hylocereus sp. saat ini menjadi masalah penting karena secara signifikan menurunkan kuantitas dan kualitas hasil panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektivan beberapa pestisida terhadap patogen penyebab penyakit-penyakit penting pada tanaman buah naga yang ditanaman pada beberapa sentra pertanaman di Propinsi DIY (Sleman dan Kulon Progo dan Jawa Tengah (Magelang dan Batang. Uji keefektivan pestisida dilakukan secara in vitro pada medium PDA (potato dextrose agar dengan metode teknik makanan beracun (poisoned food technique. Fungisida yang dipergunakan adalah mankozeb 80%, tiofanat metil 70%, tembaga hidroksida 80%, klorotalonil 75%, mankozeb 64% + metalaksil 4%, mankozeb 73,8% + karbendazim 6,8%, benomil 50% dengan

Compuestos organoclorados residuales en dos especies ícticas de la Ciénaga Grande del Bajo Sinú, Córdoba, Colombia

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Edineldo Lans C

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinación de niveles de pesticidas organoclorados (POCs en especies ícticas, procedentes de la Ciénaga Grande del Bajo Sinú, Materiales y métodos. Se usó un cromatógrafo de gases (Perkin Elmer Autosystem XL con detector captura de electrones y columna capilar 5% de difenil y 95% de dimetilpolisiloxano, de 30 m, 0.25 mm de diámetro interno y 0.25 μm de espesor de película. Las especies estudiadas fueron: bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae y moncholo (Hoplias malabaricus, durante las estaciones seca y húmeda. Resultados. El porcentaje de recuperación de los pesticidas determinados se registró entre 80 y 84%, mientras que los límites de detección y cuanficación fueron 0.02 a 0.18 ng/g y 0.2 a 1.8 ng/g respectivamente. La desviación estándar relativa permaneció por debajo del 7% en todos los casos. De los pesticidas organoclorados investigados, en las dos especies se detectaron el a-clordano, endrín y aldrín. Se observó que a medida que aumenta el peso y el tamaño del pez, aumenta la concentración de los plaguicidas en una de las especies. Los niveles de concentración de los POCs estuvieron en el intervalo de 0.35-3.75 y 0.48-5.49 ng/g para el moncholo (Hoplias malabaricus and bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae respectivamente. Conclusiones. La frecuencia de aparición de POCs y los niveles detectados en las especies podrían ser consecuencia de actividades antropogénicas realizadas en los alrededores de la ciénaga. La correlación entre las medidas biométricas y la concentración depende de la especie íctica. Las concentraciones encontradas en las especies estudiadas, Hoplias malabaricus y Prochilodus magdalenae no representan toxicidad letal inmediata.

Effects of extreme habitat conditions on otolith morphology: a case study on extremophile live bearing fishes (Poecilia mexicana, P. sulphuraria).

Science.gov (United States)

Schulz-Mirbach, Tanja; Riesch, Rüdiger; García de León, Francisco J; Plath, Martin

2011-12-01

Our study was designed to evaluate if, and to what extent, restrictive environmental conditions affect otolith morphology. As a model, we chose two extremophile livebearing fishes: (i) Poecilia mexicana, a widespread species in various Mexican freshwater habitats, with locally adapted populations thriving in habitats characterized by the presence of one (or both) of the natural stressors hydrogen sulphide and darkness, and (ii) the closely related Poecilia sulphuraria living in a highly sulphidic habitat (Baños del Azufre). All three otolith types (lapilli, sagittae, and asterisci) of P. mexicana showed a decrease in size ranging from the non-sulphidic cave habitat (Cueva Luna Azufre), to non-sulphidic surface habitats, to the sulphidic cave (Cueva del Azufre), to sulphidic surface habitats (El Azufre), to P. sulphuraria. Although we found a distinct differentiation between ecotypes with respect to their otolith morphology, no clear-cut pattern of trait evolution along the two ecological gradients was discernible. Otoliths from extremophiles captured in the wild revealed only slight similarities to aberrant otoliths found in captive-bred fish. We therefore hypothesize that extremophile fishes have developed coping mechanisms enabling them to avoid aberrant otolith growth - an otherwise common phenomenon in fishes reared under stressful conditions. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Models describing mackerel (Scomber scombrus early life growth in the North and Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula in 2000

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Begoña Villamor

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Mackerel (Scomber scombrus in early life stages were captured in 2000 in the north and northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (ICES Divisions VIIIc and IXa North. Daily rings on their otolith sagittae were identified. Otoliths from 377 larvae and post-larvae caught in April and May 2000, ranging in length from 2.3 to 23.7 mm LS (Standard length and ranging in age from 7 to 38 days after hatching were analysed. Additionally, 68 otoliths from juveniles and pre-recruits caught between July and October 2000 with a length range of 121-202 mm LS and aged between 65-186 days after hatching were analysed. Gompertz and Logistic growth models were fitted to the pooled length at age data of the larvae-postlarvae and juveniles-pre-recruits. As length at hatch is assumed in the literature to be 3.0 mm, the models were applied in two ways; not forced to pass through L0=3.0 mm and forced to pass through L0=3.0 mm. The unforced logistic growth curve appeared to be the most suitable for describing growth during the first year of life of mackerel (L? = 191.6 mm; K= 0.070; t0= 66.7 d.

High resolution method for the magnetic axis localization for multipole magnets on the base of the garnet films technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gertsev, K.F.; Gribkov, V.L.; Liskov, V.A.; Chervonenkis, A.J.

1992-01-01

The methods of stretched wires for the localization of the magnetic axis may be inconvenient sometimes in accelerators and colliders of very high energies because of high gradients, large lengths and small apertures. High gradients may deform the wires due to the nonzero magnetic susceptibility and microscopic ferromagnetic particles on their surface. Long wires have large sagittas and small apertures of magnets limit the transversal working domains for the measuring devices. Precision optics magnets possess extreme parameters, in particular, in interaction regions. The magneto-optic (MO) methods of the measurements present some new possibilities for the solution of the above problems. The use of MO films for magnetic field visualization and mapping was proposed and shown that on the basis of Bi-substituted iron garnet films and MO Faraday effect it's possible to obtain the quantitative vector maps of complicated magnetic field structure. Later this was described on a large scale. This method was discussed in terms of its applicability to the magnetic axis localization in quadrupoles of accelerators. In our opinion, the films technology has great advantages as compared with the colloidal solution. In this paper the principles and variants of the films method are presented and further development of the method under discussion is described

Collective action in a tropical estuarine lagoon: adapting Ostrom’s SES framework to Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia.

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Luz Elba Torres Guevara

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The paper contributes to the social-ecological systems literature byadapting and using Elinor Ostrom’s Social-Ecological System (SES frameworkin the context of a coastal ecosystem. We modified the SES framework in thecase of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM, an estuarine lagoon inthe Caribbean coast of Colombia. The ecological importance of CGSM and itsspecies is undeniable. This paper aims to understand why collective action fora sustainable use of CGSM’s fishery resources has not taken place. In order torespond to that question, we created new variables within the social, economic,and political settings of the SES framework. The results show that the fishers’ fearof the indiscriminate and strong violence that illegal armed groups have inflictedon them since the 1960s and the economic development in the ColombianCaribbean region help explain the lack of collective action.

A new species of the genus Sagitta (Phylum Chaetognatha) from the Agatti lagoon (Laccadive Archipelago, Indian Ocean) with comments on endemism

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Casanova, J.P.; Nair, V.R.

that the species is endemic to this lagoon. It appears that isolated waters of lagoons promote speciation as this as well as another species dwelling in the area were found to be new to science. Isolation from surrounding neritic populations of chaetognaths...

Behaviour at high pressure of Rb7NaGa8Si12O40·3H2O (a zeolite with EDI topology): a combined experimental-computational study

Science.gov (United States)

Gatta, G. D.; Tabacchi, G.; Fois, E.; Lee, Y.

2016-03-01

The high-pressure behaviour and the P-induced structural evolution of a synthetic zeolite Rb7NaGa8Si12O40·3H2O (with edingtonite-type structure) were investigated both by in situ synchrotron powder diffraction (with a diamond anvil cell and the methanol:ethanol:water = 16:3:1 mixture as pressure-transmitting fluid) up to 3.27 GPa and by ab initio first-principles computational modelling. No evidence of phase transition or penetration of P-fluid molecules was observed within the P-range investigated. The isothermal equation of state was determined; V 0 and K T0 refined with a second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state are V 0 = 1311.3(2) Å3 and K T0 = 29.8(7) GPa. The main deformation mechanism (at the atomic scale) in response to the applied pressure is represented by the cooperative rotation of the secondary building units (SBU) about their chain axis (i.e. [001]). The direct consequence of SBU anti-rotation on the zeolitic channels parallel to [001] is the increase in pore ellipticity with pressure, in response to the extension of the major axis and to the contraction of the minor axis of the elliptical channel parallel to [001]. The effect of the applied pressure on the bonding configuration of the extra-framework content is only secondary. A comparison between the P-induced main deformation mechanisms observed in Rb7NaGa8Si12O40·3H2O and those previously found in natural fibrous zeolites is made.

DIFERENCIAS ENTRE ACTORES SOCIALES EN EL CONOCIMIENTO Y LA PERCEPCIÓN DE LA VEGETACIÓN DE LA CUENCA DE LA CIÉNAGA DE LA VIRGEN (CARTAGENA DE INDIAS, COLOMBIA)

OpenAIRE

Torregroza Fuentes, Edilbert; Universidad de Cartagena (Colombia).; Llamas Chávez, Jorge; Universidad de Cartagena (Colombia).; Borja Barrera, Francisco; Universidad de Huelva (España).

2014-01-01

La percepción y las actitudes de los actores sociales presentes en un determinado territorio son vitales para su adecuada gestión. Tales aspectos fueron evaluados para el caso cuenca de la Ciénaga de la Virgen (Cartagena de Indias, Colombia), en relación a doce especies vegetales presentes en el territorio, considerando la cuenca desde un enfoque socioecosistémico, desde el que se recalca la interacción y adaptación entre los sistemas sociales y ecológicos. El estudio aborda aspectos como el ...

Geomorphology of Dra Abu el-Naga (Egypt): The basis of the funerary sacred landscape

Science.gov (United States)

Bardají, T.; Martínez-Graña, A.; Sánchez-Moral, S.; Pethen, H.; García-González, D.; Cuezva, S.; Cañaveras, J. C.; Jiménez-Higueras, A.

2017-07-01

A geological and geomorphological analysis has been performed in the necropolis of Dra Abu el-Naga in order to understand the role played by these two factors in the development of the sacred landscape. The investigation focuses upon two aspects of the development of the necropolis, the selection criteria for tomb location and the reconstruction of the ancient funerary landscape. Around 50 tombs were surveyed, analysing the characteristics of their host rock and classifying them according to a modified Rock Mass Rating Index, in order to understand how rock quality affected tomb construction. This analysis resulted in the definition of five rock-quality classes (I to V) from very good to very poor rock. The geological study also resulted in a proposed geological-geomorphological model for the evolution of this zone of the Theban necropolis that complements previous works by other authors. Due to the lack of precise dating evidence this chronology is a relative one and is based on the chronology given by other authors for similar deposits and events. Two catastrophic events, represented by mega-landslides, have been identified, the first one predates the deposition of early Pleistocene fluvial deposits, and the second one possibly occurred during the middle-late Pleistocene. Two weathering surfaces developed under wetter than present climatic conditions and have been tentatively correlated to the mid-late Pleistocene humid period and the African-Humid Period (early-mid Holocene).

HALLAZGO DE MERCURIO EN PECES DE LA CIÉNAGA DE AYAPEL, CÓRDOBA, COLOMBIA

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José Marrugo

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar las concentraciones de mercurio total (Hg-T en algunasespecies de peces de la ciénaga de Ayapel (Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Losmuestreos fueron realizados desde Julio de 2004 a Junio de 2005, incluyendo lasépocas seca y lluviosa. Las muestras fueron analizadas por espectrometría deabsorción atómica por vapor frío después de digestión ácida. Resultados. Lasconcentraciones más altas de Hg-T se observaron para las muestras analizadas dela especie carnívora Ageneiosus caucanus (0.504±0.103 mg Hg kg-1 peso fresco, ylas menores concentraciones en la especie Iliófaga Prochilodus magdalenae(0.130±0.056 mg Hg kg-1 peso fresco. Las concentraciones más altas fueronencontradas en las muestras de la época seca. Los niveles promedio de Hg-T en lasmuestras de peces no excedieron el límite para consumo humano establecido por laOrganización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 0.5 mg Hg Kg-1 peso fresco. Conclusiones.La evaluación del riesgo basado en el índice de peligrosidad sugiere que el consumode 0.12 kg de pescado por día en la población humana (principalmente carnívorospodría incrementar el riesgo de envenenamiento por mercurio en la población local.

Fast analysis of capsaicinoids in Naga Jolokia extracts (Capsicum chinense) by high-performance liquid chromatography using fused core columns.

Science.gov (United States)

Stipcovich, Tea; Barbero, Gerardo F; Ferreiro-González, Marta; Palma, Miguel; Barroso, Carmelo G

2018-01-15

A rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method with a C18 reverse-phase fused-core column has been developed for the determination and quantification of the main capsaicinoids (nornordihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin) present in Naga Jolokia peppers. A fused-core Kinetex™ C18 column (50×2.1mm i.d.; 2.6μm) was used for the analysis. The chromatographic separation was obtained with a gradient method in which the mobile phase was water (0.1% acetic acid) as solvent A and acetonitrile (0.1% acetic acid) as solvent B. The separation of all compounds was achieved in less than 3min with a total analysis time (sample-to-sample) of 10min. The robustness of the method was evaluated. The method showed excellent repeatability and intermediate precision expressed as coefficient of variance of less than 2%. The developed method was employed for the quantification of the major capsaicinoids present in different peppers and commercial products containing chilli peppers. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chromosome mutagenesis in populations of aquatic biota in the Black Sea, Aegean Sea and Danube and Dnieper rivers, 1986-1989

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsytsugina, V.G.

1991-01-01

We studied the level of structural mutagenesis in the reproductive and somatic cells of aquatic biota of various taxa from natural populations of neustic and benthic communities in the Black and Aegean Seas and the Dnieper and Danube rivers between 1986 and 1989. The cytogenetic research covered embryos, larvae and adult worms of Nereidae, Naididae, Tubificidae and Turbellaria, adult Sagitta setosa, young Bivalvia molluscs, embryos of Mysidacea, and growing roe of Engraulis encrasicholus, Sprattus sprattus, Diplodus annularis, Mullus barbatus, Trachurus trachurus, Scophthalmus maeoticus, Abramis brama, Blicca bjoerkna, Rutilus rutilus and Stizostedion lucioperca. It was established that aquatic biota in the open waters of the Black and Aegean Seas had a lower level of chromosome mutagenesis than representatives of the fluvial communities. The intensity of mutagenesis was compared with the data published in the literature on radioactive contamination/chemical pollution of the aqueous medium in these areas. The paper sets out statistical regularities in chromosome mutagenesis (inter-individual variability in the chromosome aberration rate and distribution of chromosome damage in cells), noting different patterns of chromosome aberration distribution among cells. On the basis of a large quantity on our own data from field and experimental cytogenetic studies involving aquatic biota, the paper considers the possibility of using - for the purposes of radiochemical-ecological monitoring - chromosome damage distribution in cells as an indicator of whether mutagens are radiation-related or not. (author)

Relationship between spatial distribution of chaetognaths and hydrographic conditions around seamounts and islands of the tropical southwestern Atlantic.

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Souza, Christiane S de; Luz, Joana A G; Mafalda, Paulo O

2014-09-01

Relationship between spatial distribution of chaetognaths and hydrographic conditions around seamounts and islands off Northeastern Brazil were analyzed from 133 oceanographic stations during the months of January - April of 1997 and April - July of 1998. Oblique zooplankton tows, using 50 cm diameter Bongo nets with 500µm mesh with a flowmeter to determine the filtered volume, were carried out to a maximum of 200m depth. The Superficial Equatorial Water, which had a salinity > 36 PSU and temperature > 20°C, occupied the top 80 to 200m depth. Below this water mass was the South Atlantic Central Water with salinity ranging from 34.5 to 36 PSU and temperature from 6 to 20°C. The community of chaetognaths showed six species: Pterosagitta draco, Flaccisagitta enflata, Flaccisagitta hexaptera, Pseudosagitta lyra, Serratosagitta serratodentata, and Sagitta helenae. Of these species, F. enflata was the most abundant (32.05% in 1997 and 42.18% in 1998) and the most frequent (87.88% in 1997 and 95% in 1998) during both periods. A mesopelagic specie was identified (P. lyra). This specie was more abundant in 1997 (3.42%), when the upwelling was more intense. P. lyra occurred in 22% of the samples during 1997. The abundance of F. enflata, an epiplanktonic species, increased, associated with greater water-column stability.

Relationship between spatial distribution of chaetognaths and hydrographic conditions around seamounts and islands of the tropical southwestern Atlantic

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CHRISTIANE S. DE SOUZA

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Relationship between spatial distribution of chaetognaths and hydrographic conditions around seamounts and islands off Northeastern Brazil were analyzed from 133 oceanographic stations during the months of January – April of 1997 and April – July of 1998. Oblique zooplankton tows, using 50 cm diameter Bongo nets with 500µm mesh with a flowmeter to determine the filtered volume, were carried out to a maximum of 200m depth. The Superficial Equatorial Water, which had a salinity > 36 PSU and temperature > 20°C, occupied the top 80 to 200m depth. Below this water mass was the South Atlantic Central Water with salinity ranging from 34.5 to 36 PSU and temperature from 6 to 20°C. The community of chaetognaths showed six species: Pterosagitta draco, Flaccisagitta enflata, Flaccisagitta hexaptera, Pseudosagitta lyra, Serratosagitta serratodentata, and Sagitta helenae. Of these species, F. enflata was the most abundant (32.05% in 1997 and 42.18% in 1998 and the most frequent (87.88% in 1997 and 95% in 1998 during both periods. A mesopelagic specie was identified (P. lyra. This specie was more abundant in 1997 (3.42%, when the upwelling was more intense. P. lyra occurred in 22% of the samples during 1997. The abundance of F. enflata, an epiplanktonic species, increased, associated with greater water-column stability.

Otolith morphology and body size relationships for juvenile Sciaenidae in the Río de la Plata estuary (35-36°S

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Juan A. Waessle

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Seven species of the family Sciaenidae have been reported inhabiting bottom waters of the Río de la Plata estuary. Of these juvenile stripped weakfish (Cynoscion guatucupa, king weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon, whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri and banded ground drum (Paralonchurus brasiliensis are by far the most abundant. These species are also important prey of several top-predator species among large fishes, seabirds and mammals. In this study we provide new information regarding otolith morphology and body size relationships of juvenile sciaenid fish. The sagittae morphology of juvenile sciaenids showed strong changes in the course of their development (e.g. in overall shape and development of concrescences on the outer surface. Analysing the morphometric relationships, we concluded that otolith length and otolith mass are good indicators of fish standard length and fish weight in all species. If otolith length or mass is used to estimate fish length, the regression explained more than 97% of the variation in all species. All equations relating fish standard length and fish weight for juvenile stages of the species studied explained a very large proportion of the variance in the data. These data will help researchers studying food habits of top predators to determine size and weight of usually juvenile fish-prey from length, broad and/or weight of recovered otoliths.

Conversion of radius of curvature to power (and vice versa)

Science.gov (United States)

Wickenhagen, Sven; Endo, Kazumasa; Fuchs, Ulrike; Youngworth, Richard N.; Kiontke, Sven R.

2015-09-01

Manufacturing optical components relies on good measurements and specifications. One of the most precise measurements routinely required is the form accuracy. In practice, form deviation from the ideal surface is effectively low frequency errors, where the form error most often accounts for no more than a few undulations across a surface. These types of errors are measured in a variety of ways including interferometry and tactile methods like profilometry, with the latter often being employed for aspheres and general surface shapes such as freeforms. This paper provides a basis for a correct description of power and radius of curvature tolerances, including best practices and calculating the power value with respect to the radius deviation (and vice versa) of the surface form. A consistent definition of the sagitta is presented, along with different cases in manufacturing that are of interest to fabricators and designers. The results make clear how the definitions and results should be documented, for all measurement setups. Relationships between power and radius of curvature are shown that allow specifying the preferred metric based on final accuracy and measurement method. Results shown include all necessary equations for conversion to give optical designers and manufacturers a consistent and robust basis for decision-making. The paper also gives guidance on preferred methods for different scenarios for surface types, accuracy required, and metrology methods employed.

An approach to unraveling the coexistence of snappers (Lutjanidae using otolith morphology

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Zahra Sadighzadeh

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The sagittae otolith morphology of marine fishes has been used in many ecomorphological studies to explain certain ecological adaptations of species to habitat. Our study compares the sagittal otolith shapes of ten species of snappers (Family Lutjanidae inhabiting the Persian Gulf. We used a morphometric analysis of the otolith measurements (length, height, perimeter, area and weight and of the ratio between the area of the sulcus acusticus and the area of the otolith (S:O. The otolith contour was also analysed using wavelets as a mathematical descriptor. Morphological variations in the otoliths were associated with the morphology and external colouration of snappers as well as ecological traits. An analysis of the interspecific S:O ratio suggested that the highest ratios occurred in snappers inhabiting shallower waters. A categorical multivariate analysis, including morphological, ecological and otolith size factors, showed that the species adapted to dim light conditions had a greater otolith perimeter. An analysis of variance of the otolith contour revealed zones with a higher interspecific variability, although only the antero-dorsal zone showed differing patterns. Although the otolith patterns appear to have a phylogenetic component, they might also be related to diel activity rhythms or to the light conditions in the habitat. The results of the study showed that variation in otolith morphology can be used to explain the coexistence of sympatric species.

Contracaecum sp (ANISAKIDAE EN EL PEZ Hoplias malabaricus, CAPTURADO EN LA CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE LORICA, CÓRDOBA

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Sandra Pardo C

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Objective. To determine the presence of Contracaecum nematodes in the fish Hoplias malabaricus (moncholo. Materials and methods. A total of 45 fish, captured between July. 2006 and May, 2007 were sampled. In the laboratory, biometric analysis was done on each fish; the fish was gutted and examined for nematodes. Skeletal musculature was extracted, dissected in thin layers and observed with ultraviolet light to evaluate the presence of nematodes. Nematodes were counted, isolated and fixed in formaldehyde. Nematodes tissues were cleared in order to visualize their internal structures, and morphometric keys were used to confirm their identification. Results. Nematodes were found only in viscera and identified as Contracaecum spp in the third larval state (L3. Prevalence was 100% with light (88.9% and moderate (11.1% infestation. The condition factor value was 0.036±0.04, the hepatosomatic, branchiasomatic and somatic spleen indices were 1.65±0.37, 3.40±0.43, 0.09±0.04, respectively. There was no significant relationship between these indices and the parasite index (r0.05. Conclusions. Moncholo sampled from Ciénaga Grande de Lorica were infected with Contracaecum spp. The condition factor index and the somatic organ indices were not significant predictors of infection.

Crecimiento somático y relación ARN/ADN en estadios juveniles de Eucinostomus argenteus (Pisces: Gerreidae en dos localidades del Caribe de Venezuela Somatic growth and RNA/DNA rate of Eucinostomus argenteus (Pisces: Gerreidae juveniles stages at two localities of the Venezuelan

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Ana Teresa Herrera-Reveles

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Con la finalidad de evaluar la asociación de índices de crecimiento en estadios tempranos de peces marinos, se estimó la tasa de crecimiento somático y las condiciones fisiológicas de Eucinostomus argenteus en dos zonas del nor-oriente venezolano: Bahía de Mochima y Golfo de Cariaco. La edad y el crecimiento fueron estimados basados en análisis de otolitos sagitta. Las condiciones fisiológicas fueron evaluadas por medio de las concentraciones de proteínas y la relación ARN/ADN, empleando técnicas espectofotométricas y fluorométricas sobre tejido muscular. Las relaciones entre tallas con la edad y el diámetro de los otolitos resultaron positivas, significativas y ajustadas a un modelo de regresión lineal. Los valores de la tasa de crecimiento reciente oscilaron entre 0.178 y 0.418mm día-1, la tasa de crecimiento retrocalculado varió entre 0.295 y 0.393mm día-1, y la tasa ARN/ADN osciló entre 1.65 y 6.97. No se registraron diferencias entre las zonas de estudio, sin embargo se reportaron diferencias entre localidades. A pesar de no encontrarse correlación entre la tasa de crecimiento y la relación ARN/ADN, los valores reportados sugieren crecimiento positivo de los individuos silvestres en las localidades evaluadas. No obstante, ciertas localidades mostraron valores que indican pobres condiciones nutricionales, pudiendo afectarse a futuro otras tasas vitales.Somatic growth and RNA/DNA rate of Eucinostomus argenteus (Pisces: Gerreidae juveniles stages at two localities of the Venezuelan Caribbean. In order to evaluate the association among growth indices of marine fishes at early life stages, the somatic growth rate and physiological conditions of Eucinostomus argenteus were estimated at two Venezuelan North-East zones: Mochima Bay and Cariaco Gulf. The age and somatic growth rate were estimated based on daily growth increments in sagitta otoliths. The physiological conditions were evaluated with proteins concentrations and RNA

DETERMINACIÓN DE LA CALIDAD AMBIENTAL DE LA CIÉNAGA COLOMBIA CAUCASIA ­ ANTIOQUIA ­ COLOMBIA

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Velásquez R. Jesús Oswaldo

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Se realizaron mediciones de 22 parámetros físicos, químicos, biológicos y evaluación de fitoplancton durante cuatro meses en tres estaciones de muestreo para caracterizar La Ciénaga Colombia, como representativa del sistema de humedales del Bajo Cauca Antioqueño, con el ánimo de proponer un método para la detección de la calidad ambiental de este tipo de ecosistemas, que permita fijar pautas para su adecuado manejo. Se analizaron los datos mediante la determinación de índices de estado trófico, contaminación e indicares bióticos, así como análisis estadísticos de componentes principales y análisis de correspondencia canónica. Los valores promedio de los índices de estado trófico evidenciaron la calidad eutrófica del ecosistema, aspecto que coincide con los índices de contaminación especialmente referido a los valores de fósforo total. Los indicadores bióticos mostraron distribución uniforme de fitoplancton, con valores bajos en cuanto a diversidad por la condición de ser humedal eutrófico, se identificaron un total de 69 especies pertenecientes a 31 géneros, 21 familias y 6 divisiones, grupos importantes y representativos en aguas naturales. Se detectó la presencia de un alto porcentaje de macrófitas producto de los sedimentos aportados por el mal uso del suelo en las áreas de influencia.

Growth of the Shortnose Mojarra Diapterus brevirostris (Perciformes: Gerreidae in Central Mexican Pacific

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Manuel Gallardo-Cabello

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se obtuvieron muestras y datos morfométricos de 394 individuos de la malacapa Diapterus brevirostris, de la captura comercial entre abril de 2010 y julio de 2012. El estudio del crecimiento se realizó por dos métodos: análisis de frecuencia de longitud y el estudio de los otolitos sagittae y asteriscus. Ambos métodos identificaron seis grupos de edad. Los parámetros de crecimiento de la ecuación de von Berta-lanffy se determinaron con el método de Ford-Walford y Gulland y por rutina ELEFAN. Ambos métodos dieron los mismos resultados: L∞= 48.61 cm, K= 0.135, to= -0.696. La longitud media para cada edad fue: edad 1= 9.97 cm; edad 2= 14.86 cm; edad 3= 19.13 cm; edad 4= 22.87 cm; edad 5= 26.12 cm y edad 6= 28.97 cm. El índice alométrico de la relación longitud-peso fue isométrico y b= 2.977; la longevidad fue de 21.5 años. El anillo de crecimiento se marca por cambios en el metabolismo del pez, junto con su respuesta a los cambios ambientales. El uso de los parámetros de crecimiento obtenidos por diferentes métodos es un resultado robusto para la aplicación de modelos de pesquerías.

N-acetylgalatosamine-Mediated Regulation of the aga Operon by AgaR in Streptococcus pneumoniae

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Afzal, Muhammad; Shafeeq, Sulman; Ahmed, Hifza; Kuipers, Oscar P

2016-01-01

Here, we analyze the transcriptomic response of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 to N-acetylgalactosamine (NAGa). Transcriptome comparison of S. pneumoniae D39 grown in NAGaM17 (0.5% NAGa + M17) to that grown in GM17 (0.5% Glucose + M17) revealed the elevated expression of various carbon metabolic

Flujos de nutrientes en un banco de ostras de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia

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Gómez López Diana Isabel

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Water flow through a plastic tunnel (1OL x 0.80W x 0.30H m was used to determine nutrient retention and release rates over two substrates (with and without oysters in a natural oyster bank at the northeastern end of the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta. In general terms, nutrient fluxes are inversally related to the water flow. Values obtained over the substrate without oysters were higher than those observed over the substrate with oysters. Such differences can be explained by the low oyster density in the area and the great microbial activity and typical sediment diffusion processes in this estuarine ecosystem.Un flujo de agua a través de un túnel plástico (10 L x 0.80 W x 0.30H m fue utilizado para determinar las tasas de liberación-retención de amonio y fosfatos sobre dos tipos de sustratos (con y sin ostras en un banco de ostras en el sector nororiental de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. En general se observa que los flujos de amonio y fosfatos son inversamente proporcionales al caudal de agua, y que los valores obtenidos en el sustrato sin ostras son mayores comparados a los obtenidos en el sustrato con ostras. Estas diferencias entre los sustratos pueden haberse debido a la baja densidad de ostras en el área (7.5 ostras/ m2 y a la gran actividad microbiana y procesos de difusión de los sedimentos característicos de este ecosistema estuarino.

The manufacturing and metrology of off-axis mirrors

Science.gov (United States)

Penzkofer, Karlheinz; Rascher, Rolf; Küpper, Lutz; Liebl, Johannes

2015-10-01

Especially in the area of the large mirror manufacturing only a few manufacturers are capable to produce optical surfaces of high quality. Therefore a deterministic process should be developed in the project IFasO. In the field of telescope optics off-axis optical systems are becoming increasingly important. These systems try to avoid an obstructing of the incoming light by moving the secondary mirror out of the primary mirror's optical axis. This advantage leads to an increasing market for this type of optical surface. Until now off-axis mirrors were difficult or almost impossible to produce. With the processes developed in IFasO, high quality mirrors become possible. For this reason, this paper describes the manufacturing of off-axis surfaces and its problems. The mirror production used in the project IFasO is based on the specific design of the CNC center developed by the company Optotech. This center UPG2000 is capable of grinding, polishing, sagitta measurement and interferometric measurement in one mounting of the specimen. Usually a large optics has to be transported during their manufacturing after every individual process step. There is always a risk of damage of the specimen. The exact orientation of the surface relatively to the tool position is also required. This takes a huge amount of time and makes up most of the production time. In this presentation the use of UPG2000 and the next steps within the process development are described. In the current status the manufacturing of large off-axis elements with a PV < λ/10 rms is reproducible.

Resilience and disaster risk reduction: an etymological journey

Science.gov (United States)

Alexander, D. E.

2013-04-01

This paper examines the development over historical time of the meaning and uses of the term resilience. The objective is to deepen our understanding of how the term came to be adopted in disaster risk reduction and resolve some of the conflicts and controversies that have arisen when it has been used. The paper traces the development of resilience through the sciences, humanities, and legal and political spheres. It considers how mechanics passed the word to ecology and psychology, and how from there it was adopted by social research and sustainability science. As other authors have noted, as a concept, resilience involves some potentially serious conflicts or contradictions, for example between stability and dynamism, or between dynamic equilibrium (homeostasis) and evolution. Moreover, although the resilience concept works quite well within the confines of General Systems Theory, in situations in which a systems formulation inhibits rather than fosters explanation, a different interpretation of the term is warranted. This may be the case for disaster risk reduction, which involves transformation rather than preservation of the ''state of the system''. The article concludes that the modern conception of resilience derives benefit from a rich history of meanings and applications, but that it is dangerous - or at least potentially disappointing - to read to much into the term as a model and a paradigm. Sagitta in lapidem numquam figitur, interdum resiliens percutit dirigentem. ("An arrow never lodges in a stone: often it recoils upon its sender.") St. John Chrysostom (c. 347-407), Archbishop of Constantinople.

Otolith shape lends support to the sensory drive hypothesis in rockfishes.

Science.gov (United States)

Tuset, V M; Otero-Ferrer, J L; Gómez-Zurita, J; Venerus, L A; Stransky, C; Imondi, R; Orlov, A M; Ye, Z; Santschi, L; Afanasiev, P K; Zhuang, L; Farré, M; Love, M S; Lombarte, A

2016-10-01

The sensory drive hypothesis proposes that environmental factors affect both signalling dynamics and the evolution of signals and receivers. Sound detection and equilibrium in marine fishes are senses dependent on the sagittae otoliths, whose morphological variability appears intrinsically linked to the environment. The aim of this study was to understand if and which environmental factors could be conditioning the evolution of this sensory structure, therefore lending support to the sensory drive hypothesis. Thus, we analysed the otolith shape of 42 rockfish species (Sebastes spp.) to test the potential associations with the phylogeny, biological (age), ecological (feeding habit and depth distribution) and biogeographical factors. The results showed strong differences in the otolith shapes of some species, noticeably influenced by ecological and biogeographical factors. Moreover, otolith shape was clearly conditioned by phylogeny, but with a strong environmental effect, cautioning about the use of this structure for the systematics of rockfishes or other marine fishes. However, our most relevant finding is that the data supported the sensory drive hypothesis as a force promoting the radiation of the genus Sebastes. This hypothesis holds that adaptive divergence in communication has significant influence relative to other life history traits. It has already been established in Sebastes for visual characters and organs; our results showed that it applies to otolith transformations as well (despite the clear influence of feeding and depth), expanding the scope of the hypothesis to other sensory structures. © 2016 European Society For Evolutionary Biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2016 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.

Crecimiento somático y relación ARN/ADN en estadios juveniles de Eucinostomus argenteus (Pisces: Gerreidae en dos localidades del Caribe de Venezuela

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Ana Teresa Herrera-Reveles

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Con la finalidad de evaluar la asociación de índices de crecimiento en estadios tempranos de peces marinos, se estimó la tasa de crecimiento somático y las condiciones fisiológicas de Eucinostomus argenteus en dos zonas del nor-oriente venezolano: Bahía de Mochima y Golfo de Cariaco. La edad y el crecimiento fueron estimados basados en análisis de otolitos sagitta. Las condiciones fisiológicas fueron evaluadas por medio de las concentraciones de proteínas y la relación ARN/ADN, empleando técnicas espectofotométricas y fluorométricas sobre tejido muscular. Las relaciones entre tallas con la edad y el diámetro de los otolitos resultaron positivas, significativas y ajustadas a un modelo de regresión lineal. Los valores de la tasa de crecimiento reciente oscilaron entre 0.178 y 0.418mm día-1, la tasa de crecimiento retrocalculado varió entre 0.295 y 0.393mm día-1, y la tasa ARN/ADN osciló entre 1.65 y 6.97. No se registraron diferencias entre las zonas de estudio, sin embargo se reportaron diferencias entre localidades. A pesar de no encontrarse correlación entre la tasa de crecimiento y la relación ARN/ADN, los valores reportados sugieren crecimiento positivo de los individuos silvestres en las localidades evaluadas. No obstante, ciertas localidades mostraron valores que indican pobres condiciones nutricionales, pudiendo afectarse a futuro otras tasas vitales.

CRECIMIENTO Y MORTALIDAD DEL MONCHOLO (Hoplias malabaricus EN LA CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE LORICA, COLOMBIA

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Glenys Tordecilla-Petro,

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Para estimar los parámetros de crecimiento y mortalidad del moncholo (Hoplias malabaricus Bloch 1794en la Ciénaga Grande de Lorica (CGL se aplicó el análisis de frecuencia de tallas (ELEFAN a la informacióncolectada entre enero y diciembre 2000. Los valores estimados para L¥, K y t0 fueron 48.1 (± 0.09 cm.,0.29 (+ 0.01 año-1 y -0.50 años, respectivamente, con temperatura media anual de 28 °C y límites deconfianza del 95%. Las estimaciones para L¥ y K indican que es un pez de longevidad y tasa de crecimientomedios. La mortalidad total (Z fue estimada en 2.31 (± 0.23 año-1, la mortalidad natural (M en 0.70año–1, la mortalidad por captura (F se calculó en 1.61 año –1, y la tasa de explotación (E=F/Z 0.70. Latalla de su primera captura (Lc es de 29.4 cm., LT, y su talla media de captura (TMC es de 30.0 cm., LT.Como la especie no presenta migración reproductiva, permanece en la CGL, siendo capturada en laausencia de las especies reofílicas tradicionalmente capturadas, la presión pesquera aumenta sobre ella,alcanzando niveles de sobrepesca. La construcción y operación de la hidroeléctrica Urrá (HU y lacontaminación orgánica e inorgánica durante el año 2000 afectaron la dinámica poblacional de los pecesde la Cuenca del río Sinú, por lo que es necesario que se agilice el ordenamiento de su pesquería en elmediano plazo considerando que el moncholo es la tercera especie en la composición de la captura en lacuenca.

Constraints on the evolution of the Naga Hills: from disparate origins to tectonic amalgamation

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Aitchison, J. C.; Clarke, G. L.; Ireland, T. R.; Ao, A.; Bhowmik, S. K.; Kapesa, L.; Roeder, T.; Stojanovic, D.; Kachovich, S.

2016-12-01

Recent field expeditions supported by the Australia-India Strategic Research Fund (AISRF07021) have allowed a collaborative team of Australian and Indian geologists to examine, in detail, regions along the border between Nagaland and Manipur in India and Myanmar. This area has previously been little explored and we present new field and laboratory observations. The Myanmar microplate has been dextrally translated over 480 km northwards along Sagaing Fault system during the Miocene. Clearly it did not originate where it presently lies but how far it has travelled remains uncertain. The Indo-Myanmar ranges include the Naga Hills that are dominated by Cenozoic sediments, which have been thrust westwards (in present-day coordinates). They structurally overlie an Indian passive-margin sequence that includes the Gondwana break-up rift-drift counterpart to parts of the NW Shelf of Australia. Near the Indo-Myanmar border this giant imbricate thrust stack also contains sheets of ophiolitic mélange. The ophiolite is heavily disrupted and subsequent to this dismemberment it has been overlain by a succession of Eocene shallow marine shelf sediments; the Phokphur Formation. Further east a succession of high-grade metamorphic units is also thrust westwards over the ophiolite. Well-preserved radiolarian microfossils and U/PB SHRIMP data provide important new age constraints. While superficially it appears that rocks in this area can be correlated with units known from the Himalaya in fact this is problematic. As oceans to the north and west of Australia have opened, grown and been recycled through subduction various continental fragments that originated as part of Gondwana have departed and, with time, transferred to Asia. They have not necessarily all followed the same tectonic pathways. The area lies to the east of the Namche Barwa syntaxis and tectonic reconstructions indicate it has not directly participated in continent-continent collision. Indeed, stratigraphic and

Characterization of gana-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans gene encoding a single ortholog of vertebrate α-galactosidase and α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase

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Kostrouchová Marta

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Human α-galactosidase A (α-GAL and α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (α-NAGA are presumed to share a common ancestor. Deficiencies of these enzymes cause two well-characterized human lysosomal storage disorders (LSD – Fabry (α-GAL deficiency and Schindler (α-NAGA deficiency diseases. Caenorhabditis elegans was previously shown to be a relevant model organism for several late endosomal/lysosomal membrane proteins associated with LSDs. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize C. elegans orthologs to both human lysosomal luminal proteins α-GAL and α-NAGA. Results BlastP searches for orthologs of human α-GAL and α-NAGA revealed a single C. elegans gene (R07B7.11 with homology to both human genes (α-galactosidase and α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase – gana-1. We cloned and sequenced the complete gana-1 cDNA and elucidated the gene organization. Phylogenetic analyses and homology modeling of GANA-1 based on the 3D structure of chicken α-NAGA, rice α-GAL and human α-GAL suggest a close evolutionary relationship of GANA-1 to both human α-GAL and α-NAGA. Both α-GAL and α-NAGA enzymatic activities were detected in C. elegans mixed culture homogenates. However, α-GAL activity on an artificial substrate was completely inhibited by the α-NAGA inhibitor, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. A GANA-1::GFP fusion protein expressed from a transgene, containing the complete gana-1 coding region and 3 kb of its hypothetical promoter, was not detectable under the standard laboratory conditions. The GFP signal was observed solely in a vesicular compartment of coelomocytes of the animals treated with Concanamycin A (CON A or NH4Cl, agents that increase the pH of the cellular acidic compartment. Immunofluorescence detection of the fusion protein using polyclonal anti-GFP antibody showed a broader and coarsely granular cytoplasmic expression pattern in body wall muscle cells, intestinal cells, and a vesicular compartment of

Review of Pennella Oken, 1816 (Copepoda: Pennellidae) with a description of Pennella benzi sp. nov., a parasite of Escolar, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Pisces) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean.

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Hogans, W E

2017-03-17

The genus Pennella Oken, 1816, mesoparasitic copepods from marine fish and mammals, is reviewed with the objective of determining the validity of members of the genus. Details of the external morphological structures of the adult female are presented. Pennella species are differentiated based on a combination of characters: the type of host parasitized, overall length of the parasite, shape, size and configuration of cephalothoracic papillae, segmentation of the first and second antenna, holdfast horn number, shape and configuration, and structure of the abdominal plumes. A new species of Pennella, Pennella benzi sp. nov., is described from the escolar, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum in the northwest Atlantic. Pennella balaenoptera Koren & Danielssen, 1877 is reported from the harbor porpoise (Phocaena phocaena) in the Bay of Fundy, a new locality record. The validity of 44 species is assessed; nine species (P. balaenoptera Koren & Danielssen, 1877, P. benzi sp. nov., P. diodontis Oken, 1816, P. exocoeti (Holten, 1802), P. filosa Linnaeus, 1758, P. hawaiiensis Kazachenko & Kurochkin, 1974, P. instructa Wilson, 1917, P. makaira Hogans, 1988 and P. sagitta Linnaeus, 1758) are considered substantiated and valid; six species (P. elegans Gnanamuthu, 1957, P. longicauda Gnanamuthu, 1957, P. platycephalus Gnanamuthu, 1957, P. remorae Murray, 1856, P. robusta Gnanamuthu, 1957, and P. selaris Kirtisinghe, 1964) exhibit unique characteristics, but are based on descriptions of single specimens, have not been found since the original reports and are considered as species inquirendae; the remaining species are unsubstantiated and invalid based on inadequate or missing original descriptions, or are designated as synonyms of valid species. A key to the valid species of the genus is provided.

Water relations and gas exchange in poplar and willow under water stress and elevated atmospheric CO2.

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Johnson, Jon D; Tognetti, Roberto; Paris, Piero

2002-05-01

Predictions of shifts in rainfall patterns as atmospheric [CO2] increases could impact the growth of fast growing trees such as Populus spp. and Salix spp. and the interaction between elevated CO2 and water stress in these species is unknown. The objectives of this study were to characterize the responses to elevated CO2 and water stress in these two species, and to determine if elevated CO2 mitigated drought stress effects. Gas exchange, water potential components, whole plant transpiration and growth response to soil drying and recovery were assessed in hybrid poplar (clone 53-246) and willow (Salix sagitta) rooted cuttings growing in either ambient (350 &mgr;mol mol-1) or elevated (700 &mgr;mol mol-1) atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]). Predawn water potential decreased with increasing water stress while midday water potentials remained unchanged (isohydric response). Turgor potentials at both predawn and midday increased in elevated [CO2], indicative of osmotic adjustment. Gas exchange was reduced by water stress while elevated [CO2] increased photosynthetic rates, reduced leaf conductance and nearly doubled instantaneous transpiration efficiency in both species. Dark respiration decreased in elevated [CO2] and water stress reduced Rd in the trees growing in ambient [CO2]. Willow had 56% lower whole plant hydraulic conductivity than poplar, and showed a 14% increase in elevated [CO2] while poplar was unresponsive. The physiological responses exhibited by poplar and willow to elevated [CO2] and water stress, singly, suggest that these species respond like other tree species. The interaction of [CO2] and water stress suggests that elevated [CO2] did mitigate the effects of water stress in willow, but not in poplar.

A SEARCH FOR RAPIDLY ACCRETING WHITE DWARFS IN THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD

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Lepo, Kelly; Van Kerkwijk, Marten

2013-01-01

The nature of the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is still a mystery. While plausible candidates are known for both the single-degenerate and double-degenerate models, the observed numbers fall significantly short of what is required to reproduce the SNe Ia rate. Some of the most promising single-degenerate Type Ia progenitors are recurrent novae and super-soft sources (SSS). White dwarfs (WDs) with higher mass transfer rates can also be SN Ia progenitors. For these rapidly accreting white dwarfs (RAWDs), more material than is needed for steady burning accretes on the WD, and extends the WD's photosphere. Unlike SSS, such objects will likely not be detectable at soft X-ray energies, but will be bright at longer wavelengths, such as the far-ultraviolet (UV). Possible examples include LMC N66 and the V Sagittae stars. We present a survey using multi-object spectrographs looking for RAWDs in the central core of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), from objects selected to be bright in the far-UV and with blue far UV – V colors. While we find some unusual objects, and recover known planetary nebula and Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars, we detect no candidate RAWD. The upper limits from this non-detection depend on our expectations of what an RAWD should look like, as well assumptions about the internal extinction of the SMC. Assuming they resemble LMC N66 or fainter versions of WR stars we set an upper limit of 10-14 RAWDs in the SMC. However, our survey is unlikely to detect objects like V Sge, and hence we cannot set meaningful upper limits if RAWDs generally resemble V Sge.

A SEARCH FOR RAPIDLY ACCRETING WHITE DWARFS IN THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD

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Lepo, Kelly; Van Kerkwijk, Marten, E-mail: lepo@astro.utoronto.ca, E-mail: mhvk@astro.utoronto.ca [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H4 (Canada)

2013-07-01

The nature of the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is still a mystery. While plausible candidates are known for both the single-degenerate and double-degenerate models, the observed numbers fall significantly short of what is required to reproduce the SNe Ia rate. Some of the most promising single-degenerate Type Ia progenitors are recurrent novae and super-soft sources (SSS). White dwarfs (WDs) with higher mass transfer rates can also be SN Ia progenitors. For these rapidly accreting white dwarfs (RAWDs), more material than is needed for steady burning accretes on the WD, and extends the WD's photosphere. Unlike SSS, such objects will likely not be detectable at soft X-ray energies, but will be bright at longer wavelengths, such as the far-ultraviolet (UV). Possible examples include LMC N66 and the V Sagittae stars. We present a survey using multi-object spectrographs looking for RAWDs in the central core of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), from objects selected to be bright in the far-UV and with blue far UV - V colors. While we find some unusual objects, and recover known planetary nebula and Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars, we detect no candidate RAWD. The upper limits from this non-detection depend on our expectations of what an RAWD should look like, as well assumptions about the internal extinction of the SMC. Assuming they resemble LMC N66 or fainter versions of WR stars we set an upper limit of 10-14 RAWDs in the SMC. However, our survey is unlikely to detect objects like V Sge, and hence we cannot set meaningful upper limits if RAWDs generally resemble V Sge.

N-acetylgalatosamine-mediated regulation of the aga operon by AgaR in Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Muhammad Afzal

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Here, we analyze the transcriptomic response of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 to N-acetylgalactosamine (NAGa. Transcriptome comparison of S. pneumoniae D39 grown NAGaM17 (0.5% NAGa + M17 to that grown in GM17 (0.5% Glucose + M17 revealed the elevated expression of various carbon metabolic genes/operons, including a PTS operon (denoted here as the aga operon, which is putatively involved in NAGa transport and utilization, in the presence of NAGa. We further studied the role of a GntR-family transcriptional regulator (denoted here as AgaR in the regulation of aga operon. Our transcriptome and RT-PCR data suggest the role of AgaR as a transcriptional repressor of the aga operon. We predicted a 20-bp operator site of AagR (5’- ATAATTAATATAACAACAAA -3’ in the promoter region of the aga operon (PbgaC, which was further verified by mutating the AgaR operator site in the respective promoter. The role of CcpA in the additional regulation of the aga operon was elucidated by further transcriptome analyses and confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR.

Respuesta del banano (Clon «Gran Enano» a la fertirrigación con diferentes fuentes potásicas en ciénaga (Magdalena Banana response to different potassium sources in fertirrigation at Ciénaga, Magdalena

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Guerrero Riascos Ricardo

1996-06-01

Full Text Available En un sistema de fertirrigación (por goteo se efectuó un experimento para evaluar la eficiencia agronómica y económica de dos fertilizantes potásicos (KN03 y K2S04 y su mezcla en el cultivo del banano (Clon «Gran Enano», 3ª. cepa. En comparación con el K2S04, la fertirrigación con KN03 consiguió incrementar en 4,6 kg el peso promedio por racimo (P<0,01, produjo cerca de una mano más por racimo (P<0,01 y dos dedos adicionales por mano (P<0,01, incrementando también la longitud del dedo central . La mezcla en partes iguales de KN03 y K2S04 resultó, para algunas variables, en efectos análogos, pero de magnitud cuántica y estadística inferior. El KN03, en comparación con el K2S04, incrementó el rendimiento en cajas/racimo de 1,7 a 1,9 (319 cajas/Ha y su relación Beneficio/Costo (B/C fue de 10/1.
This experiment was conducted to examine the agronomic and economic impact of different sources of potassium (K2S04" KN03 and [K2S04 (50% + KN03 (50%] in a drip
irrigation system in a banana farm planted with the «Gran Enano clone (3rd harvest, in Ciénaga, Colombia. In comparison with potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate increased the average weight of banana bunches in 4,6 kg (P<0,01. Potassium nitrate also produced nearly one hand more per bunch (P<0,01 and two fingers more per hand (P<0,01. In addition, fingers were larger with KN03 than with K2S04. The combination of K2S04 and KN03 produced similar effects for sorne response variables, but with lower statistical confidence. Potassium nitrate increased the yield ratio in boxeslbunch from 1,7 to 1,9 (319 boxes/Ha, and its benefit/cost was 10/1.

FLUCTUACIÓN DE LOS ENSAMBLES PLANCTÓNICOS EN LA CIÉNAGA DE AYAPEL (CÓRDOBA-COLOMBIA DURANTE UN CICLO SEMANAL FLUCTUATION OF PLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES AT AYAPEL SWAMP IN CÓRDOBA (COLOMBIA DURING A WEEKLY CYCLE

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Juan Carlos Jaramillo-Londoño

2012-12-01

Full Text Available En esta investigación se evaluó la variación espacial y temporal de los ensamblajes fitoplanctónicos y zooplanctónicos, diariamente y durante un ciclo semanal, en seis estaciones de muestreo en la ciénaga de Ayapel (Córdoba, Colombia, tomando muestras integradas de la columna de agua. Ambos ensamblajes presentaron diferencias espaciales y una alta homogeneidad temporal. El fitoplancton estuvo dominado por cianobacterias principalmente Cylindropermopsis raciborskii y Planktolyngbya limnetica, y el zooplancton por rotíferos del género Brachionus.This research was intended to spatially and temporally evaluate phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages on a daily basis during a weekly cycle, in six sampling stations at Ayapel swamp in Córdoba (Colombia, taking integrated samples of the water column. Both assemblages showed spatial differences and a high temporal homogeneity. Phytoplankton was dominated by cyanobacteria, specifically Cylindropermopsis raciborskii and Planktolyngbya limnetica; and zooplankton was dominated by Brachionus-genus rotifers..

Geochemical characteristics of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Naga Hills Ophiolite, India: Implications for petrogenesis

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Ajoy Dey

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The Naga Hills Ophiolite (NHO represents one of the fragments of Tethyan oceanic crust in the Himalayan Orogenic system which is exposed in the Phek and Kiphire districts of Nagaland, India. The NHO is composed of partially serpentinized dunite, peridotite, gabbro, basalt, minor plagiogranite, diorite dyke and marine sediments. The basalts are mainly composed of fine grained plagioclase feldspar, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene and show quenching and variolitic textures. The gabbros are characterized by medium to coarse grained plagioclase, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene with ophitic to sub-ophitic textures. The ultramafic cumulates are represented by olivine, Cpx and Opx. Geochemically, the basalts and gabbros are sub-alkaline to alkaline and show tholeiitic features. The basalts are characterized by 44.1–45.6 wt.% of SiO2 with 28–38 of Mg#, and the gabbros by 38.7–43.7 wt.% of SiO2, and 26–79 of Mg#. The ultramafic rocks are characterized by 37.4–52.2 wt.% of SiO2, and 80–88 of Mg#. In multi-element diagrams (spidergrams both basalts and gabbros show fractionated trends with strong negative anomalies of Zr, Nb, Sr and a gentle negative anomaly of P. However, the rare earth element (REE plots of the basalts and gabbros show two distinct patterns. The first pattern, represented by light REE (LREE depletion, suggests N-MORB features and can be interpreted as a signature of Paleo-Tethyan oceanic crust. The second pattern, represented by LREE enrichment with negligible negative Eu anomaly, conforms to E-MORB, and may be related to an arc tectonic setting. In V vs. Ti/1000, Cr vs. Y and AFM diagrams, the basalts and gabbros plot within Island Arc Tholeiite (IAT and MORB fields suggesting both ridge and arc related settings. The ultramafic rocks exhibit two distinct patterns both in spidergrams and in REE plots. In the spidergram, one group displays highly enriched pattern, whereas the other group shows near flat pattern compared

Atlas of marine bony fish otoliths (Sagittae of Southeastern - Southern Brazil Part I: Gadiformes (Macrouridae, Moridae, Bregmacerotidae, Phycidae and Merlucciidae; Part II: Perciformes (Carangidae, Sciaenidae, Scombridae and Serranidae

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Carmen Lucia Del Bianco Rossi-Wongtschowski

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The drawings, detailed pictures, precise descriptions and measurements that characterize otoliths must be made available for studies in various areas, including taxonomy, phylogeny, ecology, fisheries, paleontology, diversity, predator-prey relationships and modeling. The Collection of Teleostei Fish Otoliths of Southeastern-Southern Brazil (COSS-Brasil of IOUSP contains 45,000 pairs of otoliths from 210 species. This publication is the first in a series that will constitute an atlas of Teleostei otoliths for southeastern-southern Brazil and presents the results of the morphologic and morphometric analyses of 11 Gadiformes and 36 Perciformes species by means of the most commonly used features, measurements and indices. Three otoliths of each species were illustrated and photographed whenever possible. The frequency of occurrence was calculated for each characteristic by total length classes (TL, and the ontogenetic differences were analyzed (multiple χ2 test; significance 0.05. Morphometric analyses were conducted for each characteristic per total length (TL class and for the whole sample, and the ontogenetic differences were analyzed.

Valoración Económica del Manglar por el Almacenamiento de Carbono, Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta

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Arnold De la Peña

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM genera diferentes bienes y servicios ambientales, por ejemplo, sumidero de carbono, hábitat de flora y fauna, despensa de alimentos y materias primas, entre otros. Se presenta una aproximación a la cuantificación monetaria del servicio de almacenamiento de carbono, con el fin de establecer información base para las decisiones de su uso. Lo anterior se hizo con base en muestreo de campo de 15 árboles de manglar y en mediciones realizadas en cuatro estaciones de monitoreo de la CGSM (Caño Grande, Rinconada, Aguas Negras y Luna por INVEMAR (2008. Para tal fin, se estimó la biomasa aérea total, las existencias de carbono y de dióxido de carbono equivalente (CO2e discriminada por especie y zona. Los resultados indican que en términos relativos el bosque de manglar de la CGSM puede almacenar entre 6,9 (la Luna y 45,7 (Rinconada t C ha-1. La valoración monetaria se encuentran entre US$ 87,76 y 591,41 t CO2e ha-1, según los precios pagados por el Banco Mundial, correspondiente a los Certificados de Emisiones Reducidas (CERs forestales no permanentes. El valor monetario amplia la importancia de iniciar un proceso que permita incorporar estos beneficios económicos a los actuales mecanismos de mercado y contribuyan a los esfuerzos locales de conservación.Palabras Clave: Manglar; almacenamiento de carbono; biomasa aérea; dióxido de carbono equivalente y valoración económica. Economic Valuation of Mangrove for the Carbon Storage in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa MartaAbstractThe Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM Generate Different Environmental goods and services, for instance, carbon sink, habitat for flora and fauna, stocks of foods and raw materials, etc. This paper presents an attempt to value in monetary terms the service of carbon storage, with the aim to establish inputs for the decisions process of used. This paper presents an Attempt to Terms Monetary value in the service of carbon storage

Relación entre la determinación del pigmento Clorofila a y el Biovolumen geométrico algal en un lago de planicie de inundación (Ciénaga de Ayapel, Córdoba-Colombia

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Esnedy Hernández

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La estimación de la biomasa de algas planctónicas puede realizarse por dos métodos, la cuantificación del biovolumen geométrico y la concentración de clorofila a. En este trabajo, el cual tiene como escenario ambiental la Ciénaga o planicie de inundación de Ayapel-Córdoba, se detallan los protocolos de cuantificación de biovolumen y clorofila a y se demuestra como ambas variables representan efectivamente las diferencias en biomasa en el espacio y en el tiempo, registrando además un alto grado de correlación. Se demostró que mediante un adecuado protocolo de extracción de la clorofila a se obtiene una rápida y efectiva estimación de la biomasa de algas que puede ser utilizada para aplicar una clasificación trófica, lo que también puede ser obtenido por medio del conteo y estimación de dimensiones geométricas al microscopio.

USO DE HIDROQUÍMICA E ISÓTOPOS AMBIENTALES PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE LA CONEXIÓN HIDROLÓGICA ENTRE EL AGUA SUBTERRÁNEA Y EL HUMEDAL CIÉNAGA COLOMBIA. (UN PRIMER ACERCAMIENTO

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SANTA ARANGO DIANA PATRICIA

2010-05-01

Full Text Available El entendimiento de las condiciones de flujo de agua desde y hacia un humedal se basa, en principio, en la interpretación de información hidrológica, pero además la incorporación de técnicas no convencionales como lo son la hidroquímica y la hidrología isotópica y permite un mayor nivel de comprensión de los sistemas hidrológicos, en la medida en que es posible identificar el origen, la evolución del agua y los tiempos de tránsito y residencia en los diferentes compartimientos del ciclo hidrológico. El sistema hidrológico Ciénaga Colombia representa un ecosistema estratégico en el Bajo Cauca antioqueño y en pro de su sostenibilidad, se requiere un mejor conocimiento de él. Se presentan aquí los primeros resultados del proyecto “Hydrochemical and Isotopic techniques for the assessment of hydrological processes in the wetlands of Bajo Cauca Antioqueño” que la Universidad de Antioquia adelanta en convenio con el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica, OIEA, inspirados en la idea de usar técnicas isotópicas para evaluar procesos hidrológicos en humedales.

Dinámica fisicoquímica de las aguas de un sistema de planicies inundables tropicales

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Yimmy Montoya M

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se estudió el cambio de algunas variables fisicoquímicas en el agua de siete caños y siete ciénagas pertenecientes a la zona de planos de inundación de Ayapel en nueve muestreos durante el periodo 2006-2009. El valor medio de la conductividad eléctrica en la ciénaga es tres veces inferior al valor medio de las ciénagas de la región. 100 μS/cm puede considerarse como discriminante entre ciénagas con valores inferiores y los caños con valores superiores. No hubo relación entre la transparencia y la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos, lo que podría considerarse como indicador de un nivel de estado trófico bajo del sistema. A nivel temporal todas las formas de nutrientes evaluadas presentaron diferencias lo que indica la importancia del efecto del pulso de inundación a través del ciclo hidrológico. Con la disminución de la columna de agua en época de estiaje, se evidenció un aumento de las concentraciones de nitrógeno, las cuales se ven favorecidas por la resuspensión de material del fondo de la ciénaga. La concentración de fósforo es más sensible a la variación espacial, ya que el ciclo de este nutriente estuvo asociado a los sedimentos y a la composición del suelo de cada microcuenca. Se encontró que para una misma fase del pulso en ciclos sucesivos, se registran diferencias en la dinámica del sistema, por lo que el momento hidrológico en el que se realiza el muestreo es el factor principal en el comportamiento de las condiciones fisicoquímicas del sistema.

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de las infecciones de transmisión vertical, en mujeres embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital San Cristóbal de Ciénaga

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Katiuska Ariza

2013-10-01

Full Text Available ResumenEn un estudio transversal descriptivo realizado de mayo a noviembre de 2009, se estudiaron 108 gestantes atendidas tanto en consulta externa, como en el servicio de urgencias y en la sala de maternidad del hospital San Cristóbal de Ciénaga, hallándose 32 pacientes con VDRL reactivo (vereal disease research laboratory (29,6 %, de las cuales 7 presentaban inmunofluorecencia indirecta con absorción (FTA-ABS positiva, correspondiendo a una seroprevalencia de 6,4 % para sífilis. En cuanto a Toxoplasmosis se confirmaron 4 casos (3,7 % en mujeres procedentes de áreas rurales.El factor común en estas mujeres, es la pobre adherencia al control prenatal y la falta de conocimiento acerca de las infecciones de transmisión vertical (sífilis, toxoplasmosis y VIH aunado esto a diversas prácticas y conductas de riesgo que ponen en peligro el bienestar materno-fetal. (DUAZARY 2011, 42 - 47AbstractIn a descriptive study conducted from May to November 2009, we studied 108 pregnant women served both outpatient and in the emergency department and the hospital maternity ward of San Cristobal of cienaga. Being found 32 patients with reactive VDRL (29.6%, of which seven had positive FTA-ABS corresponding to a seroprevalence of 6.4% for syphilis. Toxoplasmosis As confirmed four cases (3.7% in women from rural areas. The common factor in these women is the poor adherence to prenatal care and lack of knowledge about vertical transmission of infections (syphilis, toxoplasmosis and HIV coupled this to various practices and risk behaviors that endanger the welfare maternal fetal.Keywords: vertical transmission; prenatal care; knowledge; attitude, practice.

Teknologi Hijau Warisan Nenek Moyang di Tanah Parahyangan

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Handajani Asriningpuri

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Masyarakat tradisional umumnya tidak berkebutuhan majemuk; sederhana; bersahaja; dan menerima keberadaan alam sebagai sahabat, bahkan merupakan bagian kehidupannya. Keadaan ini terjadi di Kampung Naga, Garut, Tanah Parahyangan sebagai suatu kearifan lokal. Dari sudut pandang arsitektur, hal tersebut menginspirasi konsep perancangan. Penelitian ini, membuktikan dari sudut pandang ilmu lingkungan dan arsitektur tentang adanya kaitan kearifan lokal dengan teknologi hijau yang menerapkan “green concept”(ZEB – Zero Energy Building dan 3R – Reuse, Reduce, Recycle. Metoda yang dilakukan adalah metoda diskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan data primer dan sekunder hasil observasi lapangan dan literatur. Kemudian dikaji melalui teori Aarsitektur dan pendekatan Teknologi Hijau, dan dibuktikan melalui Greenship Home Assestment (ketentuan GBCI – Green Building Council Indonesia Hasil kajian dan temuan pemahaman kearifan lokal, akan menginspirasi, membangkitkan semangat hijau, dan menambah wawasan bagiperancang bangunan. Bagi para regulator (pemerintah daerah kearifan lokal harus di pertahankan dan dapat menyadarkan penduduk kampung Naga untuk tetap berkehidupan sesuai ketentuan yang di yakini. Kata Kunci : Green Concept, Kampung Naga, Kearifan lokal, Teknologi Arsitektur

Characterization of Botrytis cinerea isolates from chickpea: DNA ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Characterization of Botrytis cinerea isolates from chickpea: DNA polymorphisms, cultural, morphological and virulence characteristics. Suresh Pande, Mamta Sharma, G. Krishna Kishore, L. Shivram, U. Naga Mangala ...

2030-IJBCS-Article-Akeem Dauda

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

INTRODUCTION. Nigerian inland waters are generally ... the water bodies (Odo et al., 2009). According ... benefits such as climate regulation, water .... intensive culture systems of Kerala, India. NAGA ... environmental changes on riverine fish.

un modelo de balances de flujo

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Nelson Molina Giraldo

2007-01-01

Full Text Available La ciénaga de Cachimbero, localizada en el municipio de Cimitarra, Santander, perteneciente a uno de los complejos de humedales inventariados por el Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y caracterizados como palustres, presenta valores ecológicos y ambientales de importancia regional. En este trabajo se realizó una aproximación conceptual y experimental a la hidrología de la ciénaga, determinando los componentes principales del balance hídrico y planteando un esquema de evaluación temporal. En este marco se implementó un esquema de observación y análisis de las variables hidrológicas, que permitió la construcción de un modelo de balances de flujo. Los controles básicos corresponden al régimen de lluvias en la cuenca tributaria, las características morfométricas del vaso, los procesos evapotranspirativos y las características del flujo en el caño de conexión con el río Magdalena cuyo nivel establece un control hidráulico aguas abajo. El principal objetivo fue formular un modelo operativo, a escala diaria, del funcionamiento hidrológico natural de la ciénaga, que permitió predecir los patrones temporales de variación de niveles y volúmenes de ésta.

Structural Diversity Within the Mononuclear and Binuclear Active Sites of N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine-6-Phosphate Deacetylase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hall,R.; Brown, S.; Fedorov, A.; Fedorov, E.; Xu, C.; Babbitt, P.; Almo, S.; Raushel, F.

2007-01-01

NagA catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate to D-glucosamine-6-phosphate and acetate. X-ray crystal structures of NagA from Escherichia coli were determined to establish the number and ligation scheme for the binding of zinc to the active site and to elucidate the molecular interactions between the protein and substrate. The three-dimensional structures of the apo-NagA, Zn-NagA, and the D273N mutant enzyme in the presence of a tight-binding N-methylhydroxyphosphinyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate inhibitor were determined. The structure of the Zn-NagA confirms that this enzyme binds a single divalent cation at the beta-position in the active site via ligation to Glu-131, His-195, and His-216. A water molecule completes the ligation shell, which is also in position to be hydrogen bonded to Asp-273. In the structure of NagA bound to the tight binding inhibitor that mimics the tetrahedral intermediate, the methyl phosphonate moiety has displaced the hydrolytic water molecule and is directly coordinated to the zinc within the active site. The side chain of Asp-273 is positioned to activate the hydrolytic water molecule via general base catalysis and to deliver this proton to the amino group upon cleavage of the amide bond of the substrate. His-143 is positioned to help polarize the carbonyl group of the substrate in conjunction with Lewis acid catalysis by the bound zinc. The inhibitor is bound in the {alpha}-configuration at the anomeric carbon through a hydrogen bonding interaction of the hydroxyl group at C-1 with the side chain of His-251. The phosphate group of the inhibitor attached to the hydroxyl at C-6 is ion paired with Arg-227 from the adjacent subunit. NagA from Thermotoga maritima was shown to require a single divalent cation for full catalytic activity.

Atlas of marine bony fish otoliths (sagittae of Southeastern-Southern Brazil Part V: Perciformes (Sparidae, Sciaenidae, Polynemidae, Mullidae, Kyphosidae, Chaetodontidae, Mugilidae, Scaridae, Percophidae, Pinguipedidae, Blenniidae, Gobiidae, Ephippidae, Sphyraenidae, Gempylidae, Trichiuridae, Scombridae, Ariommatidae, Stromateidae and Caproidae

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Cesar Santificetur

Full Text Available ABSTRACT This publication is part of a series prepared with the purpose to constitute an Atlas of Teleostei Otoliths for the Southeastern-Southern Brazilian area. Here we present the results of 15 morphological features and six shape indices for 33 Perciformes species of 20 families. Whenever available in out collection, three otoliths of each species were illustrated and photographed. The frequency of occurrence of each feature was calculated inside and among total length classes being the differences analyzed through multiple χ2 tests (significance level 0.05. Based on otoliths measurements, six shape indices values were obtained being the minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviations values presented.

Determination of elements in cisadane river sediments by neutron activation analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamarz, H.

1997-01-01

Determination of elements in Cisadane river sediments by neutron activation analysis has been conducted. Samples of sediments were obtained from some location along Cisadane river, i.e. Leuranji, Karanggan, Cibigo, Cisauk, Warung Mangga Pintu Air and Estuary Teluk Naga. the elements analysed were Al, Mn, Mg, V, K, Na, Fe, Cr, Co, U and Zn, and the results were compared to the SRM of sediment sample from IAEA. Generally, the results showed that the mean concentration of elements were found in Cibogo, Cisauk, Pintu Air and Muara Teluk Naga which were higher than others. Concentration factor of elements in sediments were in between of 0,02 - 3,45, this factor indicated that Cisadane river sediments have not been contaminated. CRM sediments 2704 from IAEA used as NAA Quality Control (author)

Efecto de diversos métodos de preprocesamiento matemático al completar datos faltantes en los monitoreos del complejo lagunar Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, mediante el enfoque de atípicos aditivos

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Carvajalino Fernández Marcos A.

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de diversas técnicas de preprocesamiento de datos con la finalidad de adecuar las series de tiempo de las variables fisicoquímicas medidas en el complejo lagunar Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta a los requerimientos mínimos de la metodología de determinación de observaciones faltantes mediante atípicos aditivos a través del software Tramo and Seats for Windows (TSW: TRAMO and SEATS for WINDOWS, Gómez & Maravall, 2009. Las series utilizadas corresponden a los registros históricos de un proyecto de monitoreo para la rehabilitación de la zona entre 1993 y 2008. Se evaluaron cuatro enfoques de preprocesamiento: Interpolación histórica, escalamiento, división y división con interpolación histórica. Los cuatro métodos fueron comparados aplicándolos a 4 variables en 3 estaciones de monitoreo dentro del sistema lagunar. Los métodos de interpolación histórica y escalamiento mostraron resultados favorables al preparar los datos de las series históricas para el uso del método de atípicos aditivos, con valores de cuadrado medio del error (MSE de los residuales entre 0.172 x 102 y 19.28 para la interpolación histórica y entre 0.232 x 102 y 17.818 para el escalamiento. Se recomienda el uso de interpolación histórica en casos de series cortas con vacíos distribuidos aleatoriamente o en estudios donde la frecuencia original del muestreo sea un factor decisivo, mientras que en casos de series con vacíos agrupados y mayor longitud, deben ser tratados mediante escalamiento de la frecuencia de muestreo.

International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology - Vol ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Enhancement of heat transfer using varying width twisted tape inserts · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. S Naga Sarada, AV Sita Rama Raju, K Kalyani Radha, L Shyam Sunder ...

Defects in degradation of blood group A and B glycosphingolipids in Schindler and Fabry diseases.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Asfaw, B.; Ledvinova, J.; Dobrovolny, R.; Bakker, H.; Desnick, R.J.; Diggelen, O.P. van; Jong, J.G.N. de; Kanzaki, T.; Chabas, A.; Maire, I.; Conzelmann, E.; Schindler, D.

2002-01-01

Skin fibroblast cultures from patients with inherited lysosomal enzymopathies, alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (alpha-NAGA) and alpha-galactosidase A deficiencies (Schindler and Fabry disease, respectively), and from normal controls were used to study in situ degradation of blood group A and B

Main: 1UHN [RPSD[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ineered: Yes Metal Binding Protein M.Nagae, A.Nozawa, N.Koizumi, H.Sano, H.Hashimot...n 2 Name=Cbl2; Arabidopsis Thaliana Molecule: Calcineurin B-Like Protein 2; Chain: A; Fragment: Residues 32-220; Synonym: Atcbl2; Eng

Developmental characters of Pseitina iijimae (Jordan and Starks), bothid flat fishes- pisces

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Devi, C.B.L.

Post larval stages of Psettina iQimae (Jordan and Starks) ranging from 1.8 mm NL to 44.6 mm SL collected during Naga Expedition and International Indian Ocean Expedition (JIOE) are described The characteristics which help to identify larval stages...

A LATE SANTONIAN FISH-FAUNA FROM THE EUTAW FORMATION OF ALABAMA RECONSTRUCTED FROM OTOLITHS

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WERNER W. SCHWARZHANS

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The otoliths described here from the Late Santonian of the Eutaw Formation of Alabama, represent one of the earliest association of teleost otoliths known from North America and it is remarkable for its good preservation and species diversity. They were collected by the late C.K. Lamber in 1969 from a road cut on the Hurtsboro-Marvyn highway south of Marvyn in Russell County, eastern Alabama. It contains 18 taxa based on sagittae otoliths, of which 14 are identifiable to the species level, 10 species are new to science and five new genera. The new otolith-based genera are: Allogenartina n. gen. (Stomiiformes family indet., Pseudotrichiurus n. gen. (Aulopiformes family indet., Eutawichthys n. gen. (Beryciformes family indet., Cowetaichthys n. gen. (Polymixiidae and Vox n. gen. (Teleostei family indet.; the new species are: Elops eutawanus n. sp., Genartina cretacea n. sp., Allogenartina muscogeei n. sp., Pseudotrichiurus sagax n. sp., Apateodus? assisi n. sp., Eutawichthys compressus n. sp., Eutawichthys stringeri n. sp., Cowetaichthys alabamae n. sp., Cowetaichthys lamberi n. sp. and Vox thlotlo n. sp. In addition, 8 different morphologies are recognized based on lapilli otoliths, which however cannot be identified to a distinct taxonomic level except for a species of the Ariidae. Two taxa can be related to otoliths recently recorded in situ, pertaining to the genera Osmeroides and Apateodus. The otolith association bears much similarity with those of the Campanian to Maastrichtian of the USA described previously as indicated by the dominance of otoliths of the genera Eutawichthys and Osmeroides. Differences with those faunas are on the species level as well as in the accessory components. The abundance of otoliths of the albuliforms (Osmeroides, putative stomiiforms (Allogenartina, beryciform (Eutawichthys and polymixiids (Cowetaichthys characterizes a rather stable faunal composition through the entire Late Cretaceous of locations studied in

Acknowledgements

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Dr. B. Rajakumar, D. Anandaraj, Janardan Kundu, Harish Chakravarty (Ph.D. students). D.S.S. Hembram, Mukesh Agrawal, Vijayanand Chandrasekharan, Naga Boopathy, Sharath (Project Assistants). Dr. Dinesh Bilehal and Dr. Amit Pathak (Postdocs). Knowledge and Wisdom (Yellow is color of wisdom: Google). Profs.

Info (TR Rao)

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

) measured in Scoville Units (SUs). Pure capsaicin: 16 M SU. Smoking Ed's Carolina reaper: 1.47 MSU. Tezpur mirchi: 0.855 MSU; 163 times the jalapeno pepper. Bhut Jolokia 1.6M; infinity chilli: 1.2M, Naga Viper: 1.4 M; Trinidad Moruga ...

Monograph On Bothid Larvae (Pleuronectiformes - Pisces)

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Devi, C.B.L.

in the preparation of a descriptive document on the larvae of flat fishes from the Indian Ocean. However, study of the larval forms from the Indian Ocean has been made possible due to the availability of material from the Naga Expedition (1959-61) from the Gulf...

Understanding Conflict Dynamics: A Comparative Analysis of Ethno-Separatist Conflicts in India and the Philippines

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Reed, A.G.

2013-01-01

This thesis is a comparative analysis of three contemporary separatist conflicts in Asia: The Naga Insurgency, the Punjab Crisis and the Moro Rebellion. The objective of this thesis is the understanding of conflict dynamics: how and why conflicts escalate or de-escalate over time. Previous research

Journal of Biosciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Journal of Biosciences. T Naga Sowjanya. Articles written in Journal of Biosciences. Volume 35 Issue 4 December 2010 pp 539-546 Articles. Translocations used to generate chromosome segment duplications in Neurospora can disrupt genes and create novel open reading frames · Parmit K Singh ...

Apple ring rot-responsive putative microRNAs revealed by high-throughput sequencing in Malus × domestica Borkh.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Xin-Yi; Du, Bei-Bei; Gao, Zhi-Hong; Zhang, Shi-Jie; Tu, Xu-Tong; Chen, Xiao-Yun; Zhang, Zhen; Qu, Shen-Chun

2014-08-01

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which silence target mRNA via cleavage or translational inhibition to function in regulating gene expression. MiRNAs act as important regulators of plant development and stress response. For understanding the role of miRNAs responsive to apple ring rot stress, we identified disease-responsive miRNAs using high-throughput sequencing in Malus × domestica Borkh.. Four small RNA libraries were constructed from two control strains in M. domestica, crabapple (CKHu) and Fuji Naga-fu No. 6 (CKFu), and two disease stress strains, crabapple (DSHu) and Fuji Naga-fu No. 6 (DSFu). A total of 59 miRNA families were identified and five miRNAs might be responsive to apple ring rot infection and validated via qRT-PCR. Furthermore, we predicted 76 target genes which were regulated by conserved miRNAs potentially. Our study demonstrated that miRNAs was responsive to apple ring rot infection and may have important implications on apple disease resistance.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New a ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

NJD

2007-03-15

Mar 15, 2007 ... irradiation (2 min) conditions. Thin layer chromatography. (TLC) was employed to determine ... *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: naga_raju04@yahoo.co.in. Scheme ... residue was purified by column chromatography using 60–120 mesh silica gel as adsorbent and hexane and ethyl ...

Kimura's disease: A case presentation of postauricular swelling ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Kimura's disease: A case presentation of postauricular swelling. A Rajesh, T Prasanth, V.C. Naga Sirisha, M.D.S. Azmi. Abstract. Kimura's disease (KD) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of subcutaneous tissues and occurs predominantly in head and neck region. It is seen primarily in young Asian males. Typical clinical ...

Flujo de compuestos organoclorados en las cadenas troficas de la cienaga de Santa Marta

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Hernado Campos Néstor

1993-12-01

Full Text Available Monthly samples of seston and fish species of different throphic levels were done at the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta in orderto describe organochlorinated compounds dynamics. The fish used were: atlantic anchoveta, mulletand catfish. The organochlorinated contents were determined by gas-liquid chromatography using n-Hexane and Acetonitrilo as extraction solvents. The results were compared to 14 organochlorinated pure patrons. The following accumulations patterns were found: atlantic nchoveta 2240 times, mullet 2343 times and catfish 21800 times and the magnifying factors among the differents thropic levels: mullet/atlantic anchoveta = 1.47, catfish/atlantic anchoveta = 2.6 and catfish/mullet = 3.3 The transport model of the organochlorinated compounds in the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta is described bassed in these results.Con el fin de describir la dinámica de los compuestos organoclorados a través de la red trófica de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, se adelantaron muestreos simultáneos del seston y de peces de diferentes niveles tróficos: bocona (cetengraulis edentulus planctófago; lisa (Mugil incilis detritívoro; el chivo (Ariopsis boniiíei; carnívoro. Se determinaron los contenidos de organoclorados por cromatografía gas-líquido, empleando n-hexano y acetonitrilo como solventes de extracción y se compararon con 14 patrones puros de organoclorados. Los factores de acumulación para la bocona son de 2240 veces, para la lisa 2343 y para el chivo 21800. Los factores de magnificación entre los diferentes niveles tróficos son lisa/bocona = 1.47; chivo/lisa = 3.3; chivo/bocona = 2.6. Se describe el modelo de flujos de los organoclorados en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta con base en estos resultados.

MAMÍFEROS PEQUEÑOS EN LA DIETA DE LA LECHUZA TYTO ALBA (STRIGIFORMES: TYTONIDAE EN DOS LOCALIDADES DEL OCCIDENTE DE ECUADOR, CON AMPLIACIÓN DISTRIBUCIONAL DE ICHTHYOMYS HYDROBATES (RODENTIA: CRICETIDAE

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JORGE BRITO M.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente estudio a partir de 107 egagrópilas de la lechuza, determinamos el consumo de 300 presas agrupadas en 21 especies, las egagrópilas fueron colectadas en dos localidades de diferente ambiente Los Santiagos y La Ciénaga, en las provincias de Chimborazo y Manabí, al occidente de Ecuador. Nuestros análisis revelaron una dieta compuesta mayoritariamente de mamíferos pequeños, sobre todo roedores, quienes constituyeron el 80%. Entre las presas más abundantes se encontró a Oligoryzomys sp. que representó el 38.7% de la dieta en las muestras de Los Santiagos y Sigmodon peruanus 33.6% en La Ciénaga, siendo el 22,5% y 41% respectivamente de la biomasa total consumida para cada sitio. La rata cangrejera Ichthyomys hydrobates es reportada por primera vez en la dieta de la lechuza y también en la localidad de Los Santiagos, ampliando el rango distribucional de este roedor para el centro-sur al occidente de Ecuador en aproximadamente 200 km.

Application of artificial intelligence to search ground-state geometry of clusters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lemes, Mauricio Ruv; Marim, L.R.; Dal Pino, A. Jr.

2002-01-01

We introduce a global optimization procedure, the neural-assisted genetic algorithm (NAGA). It combines the power of an artificial neural network (ANN) with the versatility of the genetic algorithm. This method is suitable to solve optimization problems that depend on some kind of heuristics to limit the search space. If a reasonable amount of data is available, the ANN can 'understand' the problem and provide the genetic algorithm with a selected population of elements that will speed up the search for the optimum solution. We tested the method in a search for the ground-state geometry of silicon clusters. We trained the ANN with information about the geometry and energetics of small silicon clusters. Next, the ANN learned how to restrict the configurational space for larger silicon clusters. For Si 10 and Si 20 , we noticed that the NAGA is at least three times faster than the 'pure' genetic algorithm. As the size of the cluster increases, it is expected that the gain in terms of time will increase as well

Completion of the ITER central solenoid model coils installation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsuji, H.

1999-01-01

The short article details how dozens of problems, regarding the central solenoid model coils installation, were faced and successfully overcome one by one at JAERI-Naga. A black and white photograph shows K. Kwano, a staff member of the JAERI superconducting magnet laboratory, to be still inside the vacuum tank while the lid is already being brought down..

[Experimental study of acute brain swelling under acute intracranial hypertension (author's transl)].

Science.gov (United States)

Shigemori, M; Watanabe, M; Kuramoto, S

1976-12-01

blood volume with increase of blood volume in the superior sagitta sinus during cerebral vasoparesis under intracranial hypertension is presumed. It is suggested from the superior sagittal sinus pressure in various experimental groups that the site, reactivity and disturbed degree of the cerebral venous system are changed by the difference of respiratory or ventrilatory state and the cerebral venous circulatory disturbance has also reference to the occurrence of acute brain swelling. 3) During cerebral vasopareris under acute intracranial hypertension, remarkable supression of respiration, increased central venous pressure and increased common carotid blood flow were observed. It is concluded that the reaction of systemic hemodynamics following respiratory change effects on cerebral circulation markedly and they are being important factors to occurrence of acute brain swelling.

Validación y aplicación de un modelo de restauración de manglar basado en individuos para tres especies en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta

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Jenny Alexandra Rodríguez-Rodríguez

2016-07-01

Full Text Available En la década de los años 90 los manglares de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM murieron masivamente por los altos niveles de salinidad en el suelo. Este hecho estimuló la reapertura de cinco canales naturales para reducir la salinidad y mejorar las condiciones del bosque (Proyecto PROCIENAGA. Con base en esta experiencia, en 1999 un modelo basado en individuos (FORMAN fue desarrollado para simular trayectorias de restauración del bosque; sin embargo, este modelo fue restringido a un único sitio de la CGSM y a la fecha no había sido probado. Para mejorar su sensibilidad y predictibilidad para simular tendencias del Área Basal (AB de los árboles de Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans y Laguncularia racemosa en este estudio se validó, calibró y ajustó el modelo FORMAN, usando datos de 16 años de monitoreo. Para ello, se modificó la interfaz del modelo y se ajustaron algunas rutinas de cálculo y parámetros. Se ejecutaron dos escenarios de simulación: (1 Asumiendo estabilidad en el intervalo de variación de la salinidad y, (2 aumentado la salinidad de acuerdo con el incremento promedio de los últimos tres años. Los ajustes en las tasas de reclutamiento y salinidad calculada permitieron calibrar el modelo y reproducir el patrón y la magnitud observada en tres estaciones. En dos estaciones solo se reprodujo el patrón de los datos. Las tendencias generales del AB de cada especie y su dinámica, así como las magnitudes actuales para las estaciones que sufrieron mayor impacto inicialmente, fueron reproducidas adecuadamente. Bajo un escenario en el que la salinidad se mantiene en un intervalo estable, el sistema alcanzaría la estabilidad en el largo plazo (>100 años. Un incremento promedio constante en la salinidad intersticial, resultaría en una disminución severa del AB en el corto plazo (menos de 20 años, demostrando la vulnerabilidad de la CGSM a los incrementos en salinidad y la necesidad de implementar medidas de

La préservation de la forêt, source de prospérité pour les ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

17 nov. 2010 ... Lorsque nous avons commencé à examiner la connaissance qu'ils possèdent de leur milieu naturel, nous nous sommes rendu compte qu'en incitant les Nagas à renouer avec ce savoir, nous les aiderions à prendre conscience de la valeur de la biodiversité. Si vous limitez votre rôle à celui de facilitateur ...

APORTE AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LOS MACROINVERTEBRADOS ASOCIADOS A LAS RAICES DEL MANGLE (Rizophora mangle EN LA CIENAGA LA BOQUILLA, MUNICIPIO DE SAN ONOFRE, SUCRE.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

QUICENO CUARTAS PAULA ANDREA

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de establecer la estructura de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados asociados a las raíces del mangle rojo Rizophora mangle en la ciénaga La Boquilla, se muestreó cuatro veces en cinco estaciones entre febrero y agosto de 1999. En cada estación, se retiraron de dos a cinco raíces y cuantificó el número y la cobertura de los macroinvertebrados asociados. En general, en la ciénaga La Boquilla se mantienen temperaturas altas con ligeras fluctuaciones a través del tiempo. En forma similar, la salinidad permaneció en niveles superiores a 30 UPS con sólo ligeras fluctuaciones. En total se capturaron 33 morfoespecies, la mayoría de origen marino y con un marcado carácter estenohalino. Entre las especies encontradas, los bivalvos presentaron las mayores áreas de cubrimiento y abundancia, en general, la composición de la comunidad asociada a las raíces no varió significativamente en el tiempo y en el espacio. El número de especies y la diversidad fueron bajos en comparación con otros ambientes lagunares del Caribe colombiano.

Penetapan Kadar Kalsium dan Fosfor dalam Buah Naga Daging Merah (Hylocereus costaricensis) dan Buah Naga Daging Putih (Hylocereus undatus)

OpenAIRE

Tambunan, Christina Debora

2014-01-01

Dragon fruit is often consumed by the general public in the form of fresh fruit. Dragon fruit contains many minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. Both of these minerals are needed by the body. Therefore, it is necessary to do research on calcium and phosphorus levels on dragon fruit. The purpose of this study is to determine the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the red flesh dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) and white flesh dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus). Research is qualita...

Polysaccharides of Aloe vera induce MMP-3 and TIMP-2 gene expression during the skin wound repair of rat.

Science.gov (United States)

Tabandeh, Mohammad Reza; Oryan, Ahmad; Mohammadalipour, Adel

2014-04-01

Polysaccharides are the main macromolecules of Aloe vera gel but no data about their effect on extracellular matrix (ECM) elements are available. Here, mannose rich Aloe vera polysaccharides (AVP) with molecular weight between 50 and 250 kDa were isolated and characterized. Open cutaneous wounds on the back of 45 rats (control and treated) were daily treated with 25mg (n=15) and 50 mg (n=15) AVP for 30 days. The levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-2 gene expression were analyzed using real time PCR. The levels of n-acetyl glucosamine (NAGA), n-acetyl galactosamine (NAGLA) and collagen contents were also measured using standard biochemical methods. Faster wound closure was observed at day 15 post wounding in AVP treated animals in comparison with untreated group. At day 10 post wounding, AVP inhibited MMP-3 gene expression, while afterwards MMP-3 gene expression was upregulated. AVP enhanced TIMP-2 gene expression, collagen, NAGLA and NAGA synthesis in relation to untreated wounds. Our results suggest that AVP has positive effects on the regulation of ECM factor synthesis, which open up new perspectives for the wound repair activity of Aloe vera polysaccharide at molecular level. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

APLICACIÓN DE LA ESPECTROFOTOMETRÍA ULTRAVIOLETA PARA DETERMINAR EL OXÍGENO DISUELTO EN AGUA POR EL MÉTODO WINKLER

OpenAIRE

Ramírez T., Gustavo

1992-01-01

Se utilizó la espectrofotometría ultravioleta en reemplazo de la titulación convencional con tiosulfato de sodio para determinar el oxígeno disuelto en aguas naturales por el método Winkler. La determinación del oxígeno en aguas de diferente salinidad (Río Manzanares, Ciénaga Grande y Bahía de Santa Marta) no mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas (p

Passando per Milano. Kebba Suwareh, immigrato dal Gambia, e le conseguenze dell’illegalità

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Alice Bellagamba

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Il centro d’accoglienza Naga-Har, l’abitazione del cugino, le carceri di San Vittore e di Bollate sono alcuni dei luoghi tra il 2005 e il 2007 attraversati da Kebba Suwareh - richiedente asilo originario del Gambia (un piccolo paese dell’Africa Occidentale affacciato sull’Oceano Atlantico e circondato su tre lati dal Senegal - mentre aspettava che la sua domanda d’asilo politico fosse valutata dalla commissione territoriale di Milano.

[Epidemics and risk factors of plague in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 2007-2016].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Y J; Wang, C; Luo, T; Guo, R; Meng, W W

2017-10-10

Objective: To explore the epidemic situation of animal plague in Junggar Basin natural plague foci. Methods: Data on epidemics of plague and on population involved, as well as results on antibodies and pathogens, were analyzed. Samples on animals and vectors were collected from 18 counties in Junggar Basin plague natural foci between 2007 and 2016. Results: The density of Rhombomys (R.) opimus was temporally fluctuant, from 2.1/hm(2) to 22.6/hm(2) respectively. However, the spatial distribution appeared asymmetrical, with the highest seen in Kelamayi and Wumuqi-midong counties, as 14.2/hm(2) and 13.0/hm(2) respectively. Rates of capture on nocturnal rodents were from 4.2 % to 10.1 % , with the highest rate as 10.1 % in 2014. Meriones meridianus appeared the dominant species in the nocturnal community of rodents, which accounted for 81.9 % . Regarding the spatial and temporal distributions, rates of R. opimus with fleas appeared fluctuant, with an average rate as 90.7 % and the average total flea index was 10.44. In flea community of R. opimus , Xenopsylla (X.) skrjabini was found the dominant species, popular in distribution and accounted for 47.8 % . The average rate of nocturnal rodents with flea was 20.2 % , with total flea index as 1.20 and the dominant fleas were X. conformis conformis and Nosopsyllus laeviceps . A total of 13 species with 9 087 serum samples from rodents were detected as having Y. pestis antibody by IHA, with 617 positive samples. Of them, the positive rate of having R. opimus appeared the highest (9.4 % ), followed by D. sagitta (1.1 % ). Spatially, two clustered areas were found, with one in the eastern Junggar Basin from Changji to Mulei county, with the antibody positive rates of R. opimus as 14.3 % . The other one was in the central area of Junggar Basin, including Kelamayi, Shawan and Wusu counties, with the antibody positive rate as 13.6 % . The prevalence of plague on R. opimus was fluctuant, with the lowest seen in 2008, with the

Determinação de idades e crescimento do linguado branco Paralichthys patagonicus (Jordan, 1889 no sul do Brasil Age and growth of the white flounder Paralichthys patagonicus (Jordan, 1889 in southern Brazil

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Júlio Neves de Araújo

2000-01-01

Full Text Available A idade e o crescimento do linguado-branco Paralichthys patagonicus (Jordan, 1889 foram estudados a partir de amostras obtidas da pesca comercial no sul do Brasil entre 1989 e 1991. As idades foram determinadas sobre cortes transversais de otólitos de 460 exemplares. A análise do tipo de bordo e dos incrementos marginais dos otólitos mostrou que, a cada ano ocorre a formação de uma zona translúcida e uma zona opaca nos otólitos. As "remeas atingem maiores tamanhos e idades (630 mm, 13 anos do que os machos (527 mm, 11 anos. Os parâmetros da equação de von Bertalanffy que representaram o crescimento em comprimento total das remeas foram: CT∞,= 623,0 mm, K= 0,279 e to= -0,243 anos; dos machos: CT∞,= 534,1 mm, K= 0,214 e t o = -1,589 anos e dos sexos agrupados: CT∞, = 609,1 mm, K = 0,255 to = - 0,462 anos. Os incrementos anuais em peso por idades aumentam até o final do quarto ano de vida quando a maioria já atingiu a primeira maturação sexual e ambos sexos alcançaram cerca de 30% do peso e 70% do comprimento assintóticos. Esta espécie é susceptível à sobrepesca de crescimento porque o redirecionamento do metabolismo do crescimento somático para a reprodução é gradativo e o potencial de crescimento após a maturação sexual é relativamente alto.Age and growth of the white flounder Paralichthys patagonicus (Jordan, 1889 were studied using sliced sagittae otoliths of 460 specimens collected from the commercial fishery along southem Brazil (1989 to 1991. The changes in the type of last band in formation and the marginal increments analysis showed that one translucent and one opaque zone were formed each year. Females attained larger totallength (TL and older ages (630 mm, 13 yr than males (527 mm, 11 yr. The parameters ofthe von Bertalanffy growth equations were: for females - TL∞,= 623.0 mm, K= 0.279 and t o = - 0.243 yr; for males - TL∞,= 534.1 mm, K= 0.214, to = - 1.589 yr and for pooled sexes - TL∞, = 609.1 mm

Mercury in human hair

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kapauan, P.A.; Cruz, C.C.; Verceluz, F.P.

1980-10-01

The analysis of mercury (Hg) in scalp hair obtained from individuals residing in five different localities in the Philippines - Metro Manila, Naga City in Bicol, Bataan, Oriental Mindoro, and Palawan is presented. An overall mean of 1.46 ug/g of hair was obtained for all samples excluding those from Palawan and represents a baseline value.'' In terms of the mercury levels found in hair, the Honda Bay area in Palawan is, relatively, a ''contaminated area.'' (author)

Evolved osmotolerant Escherichia coli mutants frequently exhibit defective N-acetylglucosamine catabolism and point mutations in cell shape-regulating protein MreB.

Science.gov (United States)

Winkler, James D; Garcia, Carlos; Olson, Michelle; Callaway, Emily; Kao, Katy C

2014-06-01

Biocatalyst robustness toward stresses imposed during fermentation is important for efficient bio-based production. Osmotic stress, imposed by high osmolyte concentrations or dense populations, can significantly impact growth and productivity. In order to better understand the osmotic stress tolerance phenotype, we evolved sexual (capable of in situ DNA exchange) and asexual Escherichia coli strains under sodium chloride (NaCl) stress. All isolates had significantly improved growth under selection and could grow in up to 0.80 M (47 g/liter) NaCl, a concentration that completely inhibits the growth of the unevolved parental strains. Whole genome resequencing revealed frequent mutations in genes controlling N-acetylglucosamine catabolism (nagC, nagA), cell shape (mrdA, mreB), osmoprotectant uptake (proV), and motility (fimA). Possible epistatic interactions between nagC, nagA, fimA, and proV deletions were also detected when reconstructed as defined mutations. Biofilm formation under osmotic stress was found to be decreased in most mutant isolates, coupled with perturbations in indole secretion. Transcriptional analysis also revealed significant changes in ompACGL porin expression and increased transcription of sulfonate uptake systems in the evolved mutants. These findings expand our current knowledge of the osmotic stress phenotype and will be useful for the rational engineering of osmotic tolerance into industrial strains in the future. Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genetic variation observed at three tetrameric short tandem repeat loci HumTHO1, TPOX, and CSF1PO--in five ethnic population groups of northeastern India.

Science.gov (United States)

Ranjan, D; Kashyap, V K

2001-01-01

This paper portrays the genetic variation observed at three tetrameric short tandem repeat (STR) loci HumTHO1, TPOX, and CSF1PO in five ethnic population groups from northeastern India. The study also specifies the suitability of use of these markers for forensic testing. The populations studied included three tribal groups (Kuki, Naga and Hmar), one Mongoloid caste group (Meitei), and a religious caste group (Manipuri Muslims). The loci were highly polymorphic in the populations, and all loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations. No evidence for association of alleles among the loci was detected. The probability of match for the three loci of the most frequent genotype in the five population groups ranged between 2.6 x 10(-4) and 6.6 x 10(-5). The average heterozygosity among the population groups was approximately 70% with the overall extent of gene differentiation among the five groups being high (Gst = 0.046). Genetic affinity among the populations reveal very close association between the Kuki, Hmar, Naga, and Meitei. The Manipuri Muslims, despite being found in the same region, have had no admixture with these populations and maintain a substantial distance with the other groups. The genetic polymorphism data suggest that the studied systems can be used for human identity testing to estimate the frequency of a multiple locus STR DNA profile in population groups of northeastern India.

Database Description - DMPD | LSDB Archive [Life Science Database Archive metadata

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available base Description General information of database Database name DMPD Alternative nam...e Dynamic Macrophage Pathway CSML Database DOI 10.18908/lsdba.nbdc00558-000 Creator Creator Name: Masao Naga...ty of Tokyo 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Tel: +81-3-5449-5615 FAX: +83-3-5449-5442 E-mail: Database...606 Taxonomy Name: Mammalia Taxonomy ID: 40674 Database description DMPD collects...e(s) Article title: Author name(s): Journal: External Links: Original website information Database maintenan

Relación entre la planificación urbana y fenómeno de variabilidad climática en la costa caribe colombiana: estudio de caso: fenómeno de la niña en Cartagena 2001-2011

OpenAIRE

Covelli Garrido, Cristina Isabel

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo de grado tiene como fin evidenciar las relaciones entre los instrumentos de planificación y los impactos de fenómenos de variabilidad climática en territorios vulnerables. Se analizan los factores de vulnerabilidad, amenaza y riesgo en la Ciénaga de la Virgen en Cartagena así como algunas de las decisiones de planificación tomadas durante el periodo estudiado (2001-2011) para finalmente identificar aquellos retos que deben ser tenidos en cuenta por futuros ejercicios de pl...

Motif Naga pada Hinggi Sumba Timur Sebuah Metamorfosa Estetik

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Biranul Anas

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Hinggi, a traditional ikat cloth, is one of East Sumba’s foremost material culture. As a component of the East Sumbanese traditional man’s dress, hinggi is visually impressive. Its patterns display attractive motives, decorative and symbolic, that depict religious conviction, power, wealth, status, honor and gender prestige, based on local and foreign sources that comply to traditional standards of quality. Intrinsically it indicates hinggi’s central role in social and ritual context, making it a highly prized item among the East Sumbanese, a matter that has been taken place since ancient days, and the international audience as well. Throughout its long history, the making of the hinggi came in contact with outside powers i.e. through trade, colonialism, education, and industrialization, including today’s international tourism. From a cloth that functioned to serve the internal culture of its producers, hinggi became a commodity for outsiders that consequently affected its aesthetical aspects. Hinggi’s patterning went through changes towards new forms adjusting to external demand, especially for the past 30 years, resulting in salient differences between hinggis made for sale and those made for internal use. Significant visual changes are that of the introduction of secular designs depicting local cultural themes such as ceremonies and mock battles, conveyed in realistic expressions with  smooth lines in a coinciding asymmetric configuration within a narrative set up, replacing traditional spiritual iconography which is relatively stylistic, abstract and stiff, in a diametrical symmetric setting with no expository relation. New hinggi designs principally sprung up from three main themes i.e. the papanggang, a spectacular burial ceremony carried out for personalities of high social status; the pasola, a ceremonial (in the past real battle between opposing parties; and the palai ngandi, a folk tale about the groom’s kidnapping of his bride. The three themes are presented in numerous variations, partly in combination with traditional symbolic motives, which now play a minor role in the overall configuration, besides the many more without them. However, the new designs have no role in East Sumba’s tradition. Traditionally designed hinggis continue to exist due to their importance in the East Sumbanese internal culture.

A broad diversity of volatile carboxylic acids, released by a bacterial aminoacylase from axilla secretions, as candidate molecules for the determination of human-body odor type.

Science.gov (United States)

Natsch, Andreas; Derrer, Samuel; Flachsmann, Felix; Schmid, Joachim

2006-01-01

Human body odor is to a large part determined by secretions of glands in the axillary regions. Two key odoriferous principles, 3-methylhex-2-enoic acid (3MH2; 4/5) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid (HMHA; 6) have been shown to be released from glutamine conjugates secreted in the axilla by a specific N(alpha)-acyl-glutamine aminoacylase (N-AGA) obtained from axilla isolates of Corynebacteria sp. However, the low number of different odorants reported in humans stands in contrast to the observed high inter-individual variability in body odors. Axilla secretions of individual donors were, therefore, analyzed in detail. The secretions were treated with N-AGA, analyzed by GC/MS, and compared to undigested controls. Over 28 different carboxylic acids were released by this enzyme from odorless axilla secretions (Table 1). Many of these body odorants have not been reported before from a natural source, and they include several aliphatic 3-hydroxy acids with 4-Me branches, 3,4-unsaturated, 4-Et-branched aliphatic acids, and a variety of degradation products of amino acids. The odor threshold of some of the acids was found to be in the range of 1 ng. Most of these compounds were present in all donors tested, but in highly variable relative amounts, and they are, thus, candidate molecules as key components of a 'compound odor' determining the individual types of human body odor.

Determination of the Relative Sediment Concentration in Water Bodies Using Remote Sensing Methodology

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Germán Vargas Cuervo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Los estudios para la determinación de la concentración relativa de sedimentos (CRS en cuerpos de agua como ríos, ciénagas o deltas fluviales requieren equipos especializados, trabajo de campo y análisis de laboratorio de muestras con altos costos económicos. Los sensores remotos, en regiones del espectro electromagnético óptico, particularmente en el rango visible entre 0.4 y 0.6 μm, permiten determinar contrastes radiométricos asociados a la concentración relativa de sedimentos en cuerpos de agua. En este trabajo, se presenta un análisis de las principales propiedades o características espectrales, espaciales y radiométricas de los sensores remotos para la determinación de la concentración relativa de sedimentos en cuerpos de agua, un proceso metodológico para su cartografía en un momento determinado y en un periodo de tiempo establecido. Esta cartografía está basada en el procesamiento digital de las imágenes pero no en mediciones directas en campo. Finalmente se presentan aplicaciones en el litoral costero y deltaico de la parte suroccidental del mar Caribe colombiano entre Barranquilla y Punta Piedra y en la zona lacustre del Embalse del Guájaro y las Ciénagas del Jobo y Capote en la cuenca alta del Canal del Dique, Colombia.

Efficacy of obesity indices and age in predicting diabetes: study on a transitional tribe of Northeast India.

Science.gov (United States)

Mungreiphy, N K; Kapoor, Satwanti

2014-01-01

To evaluate the association between blood sugar level and obesity, and the interplay of socioeconomic change, and to investigate the efficacy of different obesity indices and age in predicting diabetes. Cross-sectional study was carried out among 603 adult Tangkhul Nagas of NE India. Anthropometric measurements, random blood sugar level, general and regional obesity indices were evaluated along with their information on socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Socioeconomic change observed among the Tangkhuls influence the rise of overweight/obesity and blood sugar level. Obesity and elevated blood sugar level were highly prevalent and interrelated. Diabetes and obesity were also found to be associated with age. Central obesity indices were highly associated with blood sugar level. Odds ratio showed the likelihood of developing prediabetes/diabetes among centrally obese participants. Correlation between blood sugar level, age and obesity indices showed that waist hip ratio had the highest correlation with blood sugar. It implies the higher reliability of central obesity than general obesity or age in determining blood sugar level. The transition of the Tangkhul Naga tribe in terms of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors contributes to the escalating prevalence of overweight/obesity and diabetes. The rising epidemic is not restricted to highly urbanized societies but now has penetrated even to traditional and transitional tribes owing to their changing lifestyle. Different facets of the complex associations between obesity, age, diabetes and socioeconomic change were observed. Central obesity indicator, waist hip ratio emerge as the paramount predictors of prediabetes/diabetes.

Reproductive strategy of common dentex Dentex dentex: management implications

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A. GRAU

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Common dentex Dentex dentex is an iconic endangered species in the Mediterranean where is a sought after target species for small-scale, recreational and spearfishing fisheries. The reproductive biology of D. dentex in the natural environment is poorly known; therefore the reproductive strategy of the species was assessed by combining reproductive traits with the growth characteristics (estimated from length-at-age data, the size/age of sexual maturity and the energetic dynamics. A total of 358 wild fish were sampled on Mallorca Island (W Mediterranean from March 1996 to June 1999 with a 19 to 84.7 cm total length (LT range. The sex ratio was skewed towards females (1.361 albeit the length composition was not different between sexes (p = 0.551. Three young immature individuals (< 28 cm LT, 0.8% individuals were rudimentary hermaphrodites supporting the late gonochoristic species classification. The age composition determined from sagitta otolith interpretation ranged from 0 to 26 years (yr. Concerning growth, between sex differences in von Bertalanffy parameters were not relevant, even after accounting for potential between-year differences. The most noticeable difference was found for L∞ (64.7 cm for females versus 61.6 for males but even in this case, the bayesian credibility interval of between-sex differences included zero.  Maturity ogives at size and age showed that females achieved 50% maturity at 34.9 cm LT and 3.3 years, while males did at 33.8 cm LT and 2.5 years. The onset of gonad developing phase took place in December, while it progresses until April. The spawning peak was in April and May for both sexes. A generalized linear model showed that female size didn’t affect significantly the spawning season, whilst there was a strong seasonality in the spawning. Most of the evidences showed that fecundity is likely determinate, with an asynchronous oocyte development before spawning and a clear ovarian bimodal organization after

Strontium content in otoliths of common fish species in the northern Baltic Sea

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lill, J-O.; Heselius, S-J. [Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Abo Akademi University, Turku (Finland); Himberg, M.; Hagerstand, H. [Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Turku (Finland); Harju, L. [Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Abo Akademi University, Turku (Finland); Lindroos, A. [Geology and Mineralogy, Department of Natural Sciences, Abo Akademi University, Turku (Finland); Gunnelius, K.; Smâtt, J-H. [Physical Chemistry, Department of Natural Sciences, Abo Akademi University, Turku (Finland)

2013-07-01

Full text: The salinity of water in the northern Baltic Sea forms a gradient as it receives fresh water from several large rivers in the north and salty water by infrequent inflows of North Sea water in the south. The salinity of brackish water in the north-south direction (700 km) changes from about 3 to 7%. In an attempt to use the salinity gradient to study migration patterns, sagittae otoliths were collected from common fish species caught at different locations along the Finnish west coast. Otoliths from fishes caught in fresh-water lakes in Finland and Estonia were also included in the study for comparison. Part of the otoliths was grind and the powder was pressed to pellets which were irradiated in air with an ion beam from the Abo Akademi cyclotron and the emitted X-rays were measured. Other otoliths were embedded in epoxy and polished to reveal the ring structure. These prepared otoliths were irradiated with the ion beam to determine elemental profiles. Furthermore, XRD was applied to study the crystal structure and to identify the minerals in the otoliths. The strontium level of water is usually related to its salinity, and as the strontium ions are able to replace calcium ions in fish otoliths [1], the strontium content in fish otoliths from the same locations is expected to be very similar. However, the PIXE analyses revealed large differences in the strontium content between otoliths from different species of fish caught at the same locations. The strontium concentration in otoliths of perch and pike from the Aland Islands was about 1600 μg/g and of common whitefish 3600 μg/g. The strontium concentration in perch otoliths from the Oravais archipelago, about 400 km north of the Aland Islands, was 1400 μg/g. Corresponding concentration in otoliths of perch and pike caught in fresh-water lakes was 200 μg/g and of common whitefish from Saadjarve 400 μg/g and from Lake Inari 1000 μg/g. Otoliths of perch contained no detectable amounts of zinc (Iower

The alignment system of the ATLAS muon end-cap spectrometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schricker, A.

2002-08-01

The Large Hadron Collider at CERN will offer an unparalleled opportunity to probe fundamental physics at an energy scale well beyond that reached by current experiments. The ATLAS detector is being designed to fully exploit the potential of the LHC for revealing new aspects of the fundamental structure of nature. The muon spectrometer itself must measure with a momentum resolution of s10 % for muons with a transverse momentum of p T =1TeV, to fully exploit the advantages offered by the open superconducting air core muon toroid magnet system. At this level of momentum resolution the muon spectrometer relies heavily on the ability to master the alignment of the large muon chambers spaced far apart. The overall contribution of the alignment to the total sagitta error must be less than 30 μm r.m.s. In order to meet the stringent alignment requirements the positions of the muon chambers are constantly monitored with optical alignment technologies. The end-caps of this spectrometer are therefore embedded in an alignment grid that must allow for an absolute position measurement of the chambers. This alignment grid employs up to 9.6m long precision rulers (alignment bars) which have to provide the position and orientation of all alignment sensors permeating the end-caps. Simulation studies have shown that the shape of these bars must be known to 30 μm r.m.s. and the length must be known to 20 μm r.m.s. The principles of alignment and survey techniques used to do this are introduced and the current activities concerning the alignment strategy for the ATLAS muon end-cap spectrometer are presented. After consideration of the motivation and requirements, the measurement strategy and the design of the alignment bars is given. An optical and thermal in-bar instrumentation is used to provide shape information of discrete points on the bar. The strategy to calibrate the in-bar instrumentation and to measure an initial bar shape with a large coordinate measuring machine, leads

Strontium content in otoliths of common fish species in the northern Baltic Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lill, J-O.; Heselius, S-J.; Himberg, M.; Hagerstand, H.; Harju, L.; Lindroos, A.; Gunnelius, K.; Smâtt, J-H.

2013-01-01

Full text: The salinity of water in the northern Baltic Sea forms a gradient as it receives fresh water from several large rivers in the north and salty water by infrequent inflows of North Sea water in the south. The salinity of brackish water in the north-south direction (700 km) changes from about 3 to 7%. In an attempt to use the salinity gradient to study migration patterns, sagittae otoliths were collected from common fish species caught at different locations along the Finnish west coast. Otoliths from fishes caught in fresh-water lakes in Finland and Estonia were also included in the study for comparison. Part of the otoliths was grind and the powder was pressed to pellets which were irradiated in air with an ion beam from the Abo Akademi cyclotron and the emitted X-rays were measured. Other otoliths were embedded in epoxy and polished to reveal the ring structure. These prepared otoliths were irradiated with the ion beam to determine elemental profiles. Furthermore, XRD was applied to study the crystal structure and to identify the minerals in the otoliths. The strontium level of water is usually related to its salinity, and as the strontium ions are able to replace calcium ions in fish otoliths [1], the strontium content in fish otoliths from the same locations is expected to be very similar. However, the PIXE analyses revealed large differences in the strontium content between otoliths from different species of fish caught at the same locations. The strontium concentration in otoliths of perch and pike from the Aland Islands was about 1600 μg/g and of common whitefish 3600 μg/g. The strontium concentration in perch otoliths from the Oravais archipelago, about 400 km north of the Aland Islands, was 1400 μg/g. Corresponding concentration in otoliths of perch and pike caught in fresh-water lakes was 200 μg/g and of common whitefish from Saadjarve 400 μg/g and from Lake Inari 1000 μg/g. Otoliths of perch contained no detectable amounts of zinc (Iower

Disease: H00422 [KEGG MEDICUS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ria (AGU) [DS:H00145]; Fucosidosis [DS:H00141]; Schindler/ Kanzaki disease [DS:H00146] Glycoproteinoses is a...cosidase [HSA:2517] [KO:K01206] (Schindler/ Kanzaki) NAGA; alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase [HSA:4668] [KO:K0...PD:C00270] (alpha, beta-Mannosidosis, AGU, Fucosidosis, Schindler/ Kanzaki) Urine oligosaccharides, Vacuolat...g loss and mental retardation. (Fucosidosis) Type 1: a severe form. Type2: a mild form. (Schindler/ Kanzaki) Type1 (Schindle...lpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency (Schindler/Kanzaki disease). ... JOURNAL ... J Hum Genet 49:1-8 (2004) DOI:10.1007/s10038-003-0098-z ...

Losio Antioksidan Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus Britton and Rose

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amanda Angelina Sinaga

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Hylocereus polyrhizus Britton and Rose (Red dragon fruit has been shown to have antioxidant activity which contains vitamin C, polyphenol, and flavonoid. This research was aimed to investigate antioxidant effectivity from H. polyrhizus in form of lotion. Lotion were made with 5 concentrations from H. polyrhizus methanol extract which were 0.04; 0.08; 0.16; 0.32 and 0.64%. The antioxidant activity of lotion was measured using DPPH method. The research showed that H. polyrhizus methanol extract had antioxidant activity with inhibition concentration were 19.99±0.33; 25.01±0.08; 39.14±0.04; 66.69±0.12 and 83.37±0.05. The result showed significant differences on antioxidant activity. The physical stability observation of five formula with cycling test method showed unstability because of discolouration (oxidation. As well as the methods of mechanical test showed unstability of lotion because saponification process.

Measurement of the total and differential b cross sections at HERA and CMS tracker alignment at LHC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stefaniuk, Nazar

2017-09-01

This thesis is logically divided into two main parts. The first part present a ZEUS analysis which was performed on the data obtained from electron-proton collisions measured by the ZEUS detector for the 2003-2007 running period. The full HERA-II integrated luminosity of 376 pb"-"1 is used. The ZEUS detector is sensitive to the full phase space of beauty production, since it has cylindrical geometry, covers a wide rapidity range and was able to measure low transverse momentum muons. In this part a measurement of beauty production was studied via the process ep→e"'b anti bX→e"'μμX. Making full use of the HERA-II detector upgrade, secondary vertex information was used to constrain the beauty and charm contribution to this process. The result of this analysis is the measurement of the total, visible and differential cross sections for beauty production. The cross sections are compared to next-to-leading order QCD calculations. Similar to the beauty events, instanton or instanton-induced events involving heavy flavour can also be a source for non-isolated, both like- and unlike-sign muon pairs. In this analysis, instantons were studied with using QCDINS predictions. The data show no indication for instanton-induced events. The second part is related to CMS tracker alignment. It uses collision and cosmic data samples obtained by the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. This part consists of studies of the CMS tracker alignment weak modes and a detailed study of the ''z-rescaling'' weak mode. The CMS tracker alignment weak mode study includes the simulation of the weak modes, and the alignment implementation on top of such simulation. This study shows that the alignment procedure of the CMS tracker is stable with regard to the three weak modes: ''Twist, Sagitta and Telescope'' which stand for three types of systematic shifts of the CMS tracker. The ''z-rescaling'' weak mode shows a strong and unexpected shift of some tracker detector components in the

Age determination, validation, and growth of Brazilian flathead (Percophis brasiliensis from the southwest Atlantic coastal waters (34°-41°S Determinación de edad, validación y crecimiento del pez palo (Percophis brasiliensis de aguas costeras del Atlántico sudoccidental (34°-41°S

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Alfredo C Barretto

2011-07-01

Full Text Available The age and growth parameters of Brazilian flathead, Percophis brasiliensis, from the southwest Atlantic coastal waters (34°-41°S were determined for samples collected in spring (n = 853; years 1998 and 2000 and winter (n = 596; year 2004, whereas age was validated through the edge analysis of otoliths collected in 2007 (n = 1367 otoliths. The indices of precision APE, V, and D were used to test the reproducibility, between agers, of the ages determined from 845 otoliths. Maximum determined ages were 19 years for males and 15 years for females. One opaque and one translucent band are laid down per year, in the sagittal otolith. According to the APE (0.668%, V (1.121%, and D (0.647% indices, the age determination was consistent. Von Bertalanffy's growth parameters [males: spring (L∞ = 58.1 cm, k = 0.26 year-1, t0= -2.02 years, winter (L∞ = 58.7 cm, k = 0.21 year-1, t0 = -2.90 years; females: spring (L∞ = 65.2 cm, k = 0.29 year-1, t0 = -1.15 years, winter (L∞= 63.5 cm, k = 0.26 year-1, t0 = -2.01 years] were significantly different between sexes and seasons. From the first year of life, females grow faster and reach greater lengths than males of the same age due, probably, to an asynchronism in the sexual maturity.Se determinó la edad y los parámetros de crecimiento del pez palo, Percophis brasiliensis, de aguas costeras del Atlántico sudoccidental (34°-41°S en muestras obtenidas durante primavera (n = 853; años 1998 y 2000 e invierno (n = 596; año 2004, mientras que la edad fue validada mediante análisis del tipo de borde de otolitos colectados durante 2007 (n = 1367 otoliths. Los índices de precisión APE, V, y D fueron usados para probar la reproducibilidad, entre lectores, de las edades determinadas a partir de 845 otolitos. Las edades máximas determinadas fueron 19 años para machos y 15 años para hembras. Una banda opaca y una translúcida se depositan anualmente en el otolito sagitta. Los índices APE (0,668%, V (1

Amino Sugars Enhance the Competitiveness of Beneficial Commensals with Streptococcus mutans through Multiple Mechanisms.

Science.gov (United States)

Zeng, Lin; Farivar, Tanaz; Burne, Robert A

2016-06-15

Biochemical and genetic aspects of the metabolism of the amino sugars N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucosamine (GlcN) by commensal oral streptococci and the effects of these sugars on interspecies competition with the dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans were explored. Multiple S. mutans wild-type isolates displayed long lag phases when transferred from glucose-containing medium to medium with GlcNAc as the primary carbohydrate source, but commensal streptococci did not. Competition in liquid coculture or dual-species biofilms between S. mutans and Streptococcus gordonii showed that S. gordonii was particularly dominant when the primary carbohydrate was GlcN or GlcNAc. Transcriptional and enzymatic assays showed that the catabolic pathway for GlcNAc was less highly induced in S. mutans than in S. gordonii Exposure to H2O2, which is produced by S. gordonii and antagonizes the growth of S. mutans, led to reduced mRNA levels of nagA and nagB in S. mutans When the gene for the transcriptional regulatory NagR was deleted in S. gordonii, the strain produced constitutively high levels of nagA (GlcNAc-6-P deacetylase), nagB (GlcN-6-P deaminase), and glmS (GlcN-6-P synthase) mRNA. Similar to NagR of S. mutans (NagRSm), the S. gordonii NagR protein (NagRSg) could bind to consensus binding sites (dre) in the nagA, nagB, and glmS promoter regions of S. gordonii Notably, NagRSg binding was inhibited by GlcN-6-P, but G-6-P had no effect, unlike for NagRSm This study expands the understanding of amino sugar metabolism and NagR-dependent gene regulation in streptococci and highlights the potential for therapeutic applications of amino sugars to prevent dental caries. Amino sugars are abundant in the biosphere, so the relative efficiency of particular bacteria in a given microbiota to metabolize these sources of carbon and nitrogen might have a profound impact on the ecology of the community. Our investigation reveals that several oral commensal bacteria have a much

Afrikaner Christianity and the concept of empire

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Erna Oliver

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Not many Protestant countries in the world have been as influenced by faith as South Africa. Although South Africa was never officially a Christian country, politics, economic development, social life and the culture of the �rainbow nation� was either moulded on, or influenced by, the Calvinistic Christianity that came to the country along with the European merchants. The privileged position of Christianity ended in 1994 when South Africa became a neutral state with guaranteed religious freedom for all. Although more than 80 per cent of the population claim that they are Christians, it seems as if the word is not meant any more as a religion with a value system and moral obligations, but only as a convenient label. The reason behind the contrast between theory and practice must be investigated. One possible reason could be found in the traditional Afrikaans-speaking churches� participation of, and contribution to, the �empire� concept. The responsibility of the individual to practise his or her faith was taken over by the power of the state and church.Bokriste bja Maafrikanere le kgopolo ya mmu�o wo maatlaGa se dinaga t�e nt�i t�a Protestante mo lefaseng t�e di huedit�wego ke tumelo go swana le ka fao naga ya Afrika-Borwa e huedit�wego ke tumelo ka gona. Le ge Afrika-Borwa e sa ka ya ba naga ya Sekriste semmu�o, dipolitiki, tlhabollo ya t�a ekonomi, bophelo bja leago le set�o sa �set�haba sa molalatladi�, se ka ba se bopegile godimo ga, goba se huedit�we ke Bokriste bja Secalvine bjo bo tlilego le bagwebi ba Yuropa. Maemo a go phagama ao a bego a filwe tumelo ya Sekriste a fedile ka ngwaga wa 1994 ge Afrika-Borwa e eba naga ya kemelathoko ya go fa bohle tokologo ya bodumedi. Le ge diphesente t�a go feta 80 t�a set�haba di ipit�a Bakriste, go bonala nke lent�u leo ga le sa �omi�wa go hlalo�a tumelo ye e nago le meetlo le maitshwaro a it�eng a setho, eup�a le no �omi�wa e le seka sa go

ANALISIS CITRA PEWARNA ALAMI DARI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

OpenAIRE

Hidayah, Noor; Aji, Mahardika Prasetya; Sulhadi, Sulhadi

2017-01-01

The dragon fruits are a similar plant in Indonesia. It has thick peel. The peel of dragon fruit has less benefit. The peel of dragon fruit contains anthocyanin pigment which gives red color. The super red dragon fruit ((Hylocereus polyrhizus) are used in this research. The extraction of anthocyanin are taken by boiling dragon fruit with water; it will continue until the change to the red fluid. The next experiment, the fabric is immersed in it. The quality of fabric is showed from Intensity B...

110 1*Atkuru Veera Venkata Naga Krishna Sunil Kumar, 2Chandra ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

of VDL in biological fluids. These include HPLC with amperometry detection [3], HPLC with UV detection [4], HPLC with fluorescence detection. [5], LC-MS [6,7], GC-MS [8,9] and square-wave adsorption ... stability indicating liquid chromatography with. UV detection ... in drug analysis and the spectrophotometric methods ...

Religion of the Tangkhul Naga in North-East India: Continuity and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

includes cultural ecology, religion, research methodology and tribal studies. Amity Institute of ... when Western missionaries brought the gospel of Jesus. The article ... consistently in that sense throughout his work (Frazer 1932: 224). According ...

Concentration Factors of Norm in Sediment of Cisadane River

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agus Gindo S; Lubis, Erwansyah

2008-01-01

The Concentration factor (Cf) in sediment of Cisadane river was investigated. The surface water and sediment was sampling at Gunung Sindur area (down stream) until Teluk Naga area (up stream). The results indicated that Cf values of gross-α, gross-β, gross-th, gross-U, 40 K, 226 Ra and 228 Th were 830 ± 87, 1800 ± 290, 2150 ± 50, 1415 ± 41, 37 ± 1, 22 ± 5 and 115 ± 56 respectively. With these Cf values, the radiological impact from liquid effluent release to Cisadane river that contains NORM from industrial activities for agriculture and fishery pathways are able to predicted. This investigation still has to be continued for other radionuclides. (author)

KESINAMBUNGAN MOTIF HIAS MASA PRA-ISLAM STUDI KASUS PADA MIMBAR MASJID KAJORAN THE CONTINUITY OF ORNAMENTAL MOTIVES IN PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD A CASE STUDY INTHE PODIUMOF KAJORAN MOSQUE

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Endang Widyastuti

2016-06-01

ABSTRAK             Masuknya agama Islam memberikan warna baru dalam bidang kesenian khususnya seni hias. Dalam agama Islam terdapat larangan untuk menggambar makhluk hidup sehingga dilakukan upaya untuk menyamarkannya. Pada mimbar masjid Kajoran terdapat hiasan dengan motif binatang dan tumbuh-tumbuhan. Berdasarkan pengamatan diketahui bahwa selain motif-motif geometris, pada mimbar tersebut juga terdapat motif-motif berupa gajah, naga, burung, dan bunga teratai. Kemungkinan makna motif-motif hias tersebut masih relevan dengan ajaran Islam. Hal ini menunjukkan besarnya toleransi agama Islam terhadap kebudayaan yang telah ada pada suatu daerah, selama tidak bertentangan dengan ajaran agama Islam.   Kata Kunci: mimbar, motif hias, masjid Kajoran

Measurement of the total and differential b cross sections at HERA and CMS tracker alignment at LHC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stefaniuk, Nazar

2017-09-15

This thesis is logically divided into two main parts. The first part present a ZEUS analysis which was performed on the data obtained from electron-proton collisions measured by the ZEUS detector for the 2003-2007 running period. The full HERA-II integrated luminosity of 376 pb{sup -1} is used. The ZEUS detector is sensitive to the full phase space of beauty production, since it has cylindrical geometry, covers a wide rapidity range and was able to measure low transverse momentum muons. In this part a measurement of beauty production was studied via the process ep→e{sup '}b anti bX→e{sup '}μμX. Making full use of the HERA-II detector upgrade, secondary vertex information was used to constrain the beauty and charm contribution to this process. The result of this analysis is the measurement of the total, visible and differential cross sections for beauty production. The cross sections are compared to next-to-leading order QCD calculations. Similar to the beauty events, instanton or instanton-induced events involving heavy flavour can also be a source for non-isolated, both like- and unlike-sign muon pairs. In this analysis, instantons were studied with using QCDINS predictions. The data show no indication for instanton-induced events. The second part is related to CMS tracker alignment. It uses collision and cosmic data samples obtained by the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. This part consists of studies of the CMS tracker alignment weak modes and a detailed study of the ''z-rescaling'' weak mode. The CMS tracker alignment weak mode study includes the simulation of the weak modes, and the alignment implementation on top of such simulation. This study shows that the alignment procedure of the CMS tracker is stable with regard to the three weak modes: ''Twist, Sagitta and Telescope'' which stand for three types of systematic shifts of the CMS tracker. The ''z-rescaling'' weak

Hydrobiological characteristics of Shark River estuary, Everglades National Park, Florida

Science.gov (United States)

McPherson, B.F.

1970-01-01

Water quality in the Shark River estuary was strongly influenced by seasonal patterns of rainfall, water level and temperature. During the rainy season (summer and early fall) the salinity in the 20-mile long estuary ranged from that of fresh water to half that of sea water while concentrations of dissolved oxygen were low, 2-5 milligrams per liter (mg/l) presumably because, among other factors, microbial activity and respiration were accelerated by high temperatures (30-33 degrees C). During the dry season (late fall through spring) the salinity ranged from 18 grams per liter (g/l) in the headwaters to 36 g/l at the Gulf during a dry year such as 1967 and from 1 to 25 g/l during a wet year such as 1969. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen increased from 2-3 mg/l in the summer of 1967 to 4-7 mg/l in the winter of 1968, and temperature decreased from an average of about 30 degrees C in summer to 20 degrees C in winter. Water level declined 5 to 10 decimeters in the headwaters during the dry season, and salinity and tidal action increased. Large amounts of submerged vegetation died in some headwater creeks at the end of the dry season, presumably killed by salinities above 3 g/l. The decaying organic matter and the decrease in photosynthesis resulted in low dissolved oxygen (1-2 mg/l). Fish died at this time probably as a result of the low dissolved oxygen. Trace elements, heavy metals and insecticides occurred in the waters of the estuary in concentrations below those indicated as harmful for aquatic life by current standards established by the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (1968). The insecticides detected were concentrated in sediment and in various organisms. The patterns of distribution of planktonic and small nektonic animals in the estuary were related to salinity. Copepods (Arcatia tonsa, Labidocera aestiva, Pseudodiaptomus coronatus), cumaceans (Cyclaspis sp.), chaetognaths (Sagitta hispida), bay anchovies (Anchoa mitchilli), and scaled

CUENTOS QUE NO SON CUENTOS...UN RECORRIDO POR SAN ZENÓN (MAGDALENA

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Tania Ximena Salcedo Goméz

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Es de tarde y el sol inclemente de febrero se refleja sobre Las cálidas aguas del río Magdalena; sus visos en naranja y rojo se inmortalizan en el tapiz del cielo, mientras en tierra, esta gama de luz iridescente se forja en la piel de los hombres y mujeres de San Zenón. Los árboles desnudos han sido bañados por el frío invierno. Las ciénagas y el río han dejado sus marcas a través del marrón 330 de sus cortezas. Las pocas hojas que quedan son solo un breve recuerdo de un amanecer con sombra. El asfalto y la pasividad del viento, quienes amenazan la lucidez.

ANALISIS KANDUNGAN ASAM ASKORBAT DALAM BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus DENGAN IODIMETRI

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Abdul Rahim

2016-11-01

              The research to determine “Analysis the Content of Ascorbic Acid in the Red Dragon Fruit by Iodimetri” Vitamin C concentration of postharvest red dragon fruit (Hylocereus Polyrhizus and at the same time to recognize those the packaging could affected conten of obtained Vitamin C. Analysis process was conducted by iodimetric titration method through the sample of dragon fruit with saving period and packaging varied. The result of completed research find out there was are difference concentration of Vitamin C between packaged dragon fruit and without package, the concentration of Vitamin C in packaged dragon fruit was increase the concentration of Vitamin C from the first day (11,1680 mg/100 gram of sample to the third day (14,8017 mg/100 gram of sample and decrease until the fifth day (10,4743 mg/gram of sample, otherwise by another treatment without package the concentration of Vitamin C are increase from the first day (7,4928 mg/100 gram of sample to the sixth day (19,6784 mg/100 gram of sample and decreased until the eighth day (14,1395 mg/100 gram of sample.   Keywords  : Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus Polyrhizus, Vitamin C dan iodimetric titration.

HASIL TANGKAP SAMPINGAN (HTS KAPAL RAWAI TUNA DI SAMUDERA HINDIA YANG BERBASIS DI BENOA

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Bram Setyadji

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Hasil tangkap sampingan (HTS hampir terdapat pada semua jenis perikanan tangkap di Indonesia, termasuk pada perikanan rawai tuna di Samudera Hindia. Kebanyakan jenis HTS merupakan spesies yang tidak diinginkan atau jenis ikan target tapi ukurannya di bawah standar yang diinginkan (yuwana atau ikan muda dan pada kasus tertentu merupakan jenis ikan yang terancam keberadaannya (Endangered species. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang komposisi hasil tangkap sampingan, laju pancing dan hubungan antara tuna dengan ikan yang berasosiasi dengannya pada area penangkapan yang sama. Pengamatan dilakukan pada bulan Maret – Juli 2010 dengan mengikuti kegiatan operasi penangkapan 2 kapal rawai tuna komersial yang berbasis di Pelabuhan Benoa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 18 jenis hasil tangkap sampingan yang  didominasi dari family Alepisauridae; ikan naga (Alepisaurus sp.; Gempylidae; ikan gindara (oilfish, dan Dasyatidae; pari lumpur (Dasyatis spp.. Jenis ikan lain adalah ikan paruh panjang (billfish, berbagai jenis cucut dan pari, ikan teleostei, serta penyu lekang. Kebanyakan dari hasil tangkap sampingan merupakan by-product yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi kecuali jenis ikan naga dan pari lumpur yang merupakan discard/buangan.   By-catch products are mostly available in every kind of capture fisheries in Indonesia including tuna longline fisheries in Indian Ocean. Most of these are unwanted species or juvenile target fish, sometimes endangered species. The research intended to reveal the by-catch from tuna fisheries and its relationship between tuna and its associate in the same fishing ground. Surveillance was conducted on March – July, 2010 by following two commercial tuna longliners vessel based in Port of Benoa. The result showed that there were 18 by-catch species that managed to be retrieved and indentified, family Alepisauridae; lancetfish (Alepisaurus sp.; Gempylidae; oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus, and

Development and setting of a time-lapse video camera system for the Antarctic lake observation

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Sakae Kudoh

2010-11-01

Full Text Available A submersible video camera system, which aimed to record the growth image of aquatic vegetation in Antarctic lakes for one year, was manufactured. The system consisted of a video camera, a programmable controller unit, a lens-cleaning wiper with a submersible motor, LED lights, and a lithium ion battery unit. Changes of video camera (High Vision System and modification of the lens-cleaning wiper allowed higher sensitivity and clearer recording images compared to the previous submersible video without increasing the power consumption. This system was set on the lake floor in Lake Naga Ike (a tentative name in Skarvsnes in Soya Coast, during the summer activity of the 51th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. Interval record of underwater visual image for one year have been started by our diving operation.

CRÓNICA: EL MILAGROSO DE LA VILLA: EL ABOGADO DE LOS POBRES

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Edgar Rey Sinning

2004-08-01

Full Text Available Por fin hemos llegado. Son las tres de la maÒana de un s·bado caluroso del mes de marzo. Estamos en la Villa de San Benito Abad. Hemos cumplido el deseo de ir a conocer de cerca lo que sucede durante dos dÌas en este municipio sucreÒo, localizado a las orillas de la ciÈnaga del mismo nombre. Ya los tenderetes de los vendedores trashumantes est·n por todas partes. TambiÈn han llegado campesinos (agropescadores, unos por carretera, otros por agua, convertidos para estas fechas en vendedores de abanicos de mano, mochilas, pellones, hamacas, sombreros. Adem·s, de pescado, loros, pericos y hasta bultos de leÒa. Por todas partes se ofrece productos tradicionales o algunos inventos nuevos.

PREDIKSI PUNCAK KEMATANGAN BUAH NAGA MELALUI PENGUKURAN GULA REDUKSI DENGAN METODE NELSON-SOMOGYI

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Alimuddin -

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Prediction of dragon fruit maturation peak by measuring reductor sugar with nelson-somogyi method have been done. Prediction was done by using three modes which are experimental result, regression model and first derivation. Age of the fruit which used in this research were 1, 3, 5 and 7 weeks old. Based on the result of this research can be concluded that maturation peak of dragon fruit happens at between 5 until 6 weeks old. Keywords: Dragon Fruit, Reductor Sugar and Nelson-Somogyi Method.

N-acetylglucosamine-Mediated Expression of nagA and nagB in Streptococcus pneumoniae

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Afzal, Muhammad; Shafeeq, Sulman; Manzoor, Irfan; Henriques-Normark, Birgitta; Kuipers, Oscar P

2016-01-01

In this study, we have explored the transcriptomic response of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 to N-acetylglucosamine (NAG). Transcriptome comparison of S. pneumoniae D39 wild-type grown in chemically defined medium (CDM) in the presence of 0.5% NAG to that grown in the presence of 0.5% glucose

Textos costeños, dos versiones de Macondo: Cartagena y Ciénaga

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Luis H. Aristizabal

2007-10-01

Full Text Available García Márquez en Cartagena. Sus inicios literarios Jorge García Usta. Seix Barral,  colección Los tres mundos, Bogotá, 2007, 322 págs. El misterio de los Buendía. El verdadero trasfondo histórico de Cien años de soledad Guillermo Henríquez Torres Editorial Nueva América, Bogotá, 2006, 396 págs.

Application of multi-element clustering techniques of five Egyptian industrial sugar products

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Awadallah, R.M.; Mohamed, A.E.

1995-01-01

The concentration of 18 elements in different cane sugar products, i.e., cane sugar plants, crude and syrup juices, molasses, and the end products of the consumer sugar, were analyzed and processed. The samples were collected from five cities, i.e., Kom Ombo, Edfu, Armant, Deshna and Naga Hammady in Upper Egypt where the main Egyptian sugar industry factories are located. INAA was applied for the determination of Al, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, and Sc, while Cu, Li, P, Sn, V and Zn were determined by ICP-AES and Pb and As were determined by AAS. These three analytical methods were applied to optimize the sensitivity and the accuracy of the measurements in order to provide a sound basis for the obtention of reliable clustering results. (author). 5 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs

Algunas experiencias en el uso de índices limnológicos en Colombia

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Gabriel Antonio Pinilla Agudelo

2016-02-01

Full Text Available El objetivo central de este trabajo es mostrar algunas experiencias del Departamento de Biología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en la elaboración de índices limnológicos para evaluar el estado ecológico de sistemas acuáticos colombianos. Se presentan siete casos que van desde la construcción de un índice multimétrico para los humedales bogotanos, hasta el desarrollo de un método de biomonitoreo del estado trófico basado en microalgas encapsuladas en alginato. Los índices expuestos fueron realizados por docentes y estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado de Biología y consideran tanto variables físicas y químicas como características bióticas de los ambientes limnológicos analizados. Las comunidades acuáticas trabajadas fueron el fitoplancton, el perifiton, las plantas acuáticas y los invertebrados acuáticos. Los índices propuestos (Índice de Condiciones Limnológicas de los humedales de Bogotá – ICOL; Índice de Diatomeas Perifíticas de los humedales de Bogotá – IDPHB; Índice de Integridad Biótica de Macroinvertebrados en ciénagas del Cesar– IIBM; Índice de Estado Limnológico para ciénagas del Canal del Dique – IEL; Índice de Estado Limnológico Fluvial para ríos de la cuenca alta del río Chicamocha– IELf; Índice de Integridad del Hábitat para ríos licenciados - IIH permiten establecer escalas de calidad y funcionalidad de los ecosistemas estudiados. Las algas encapsuladas, por su parte, reflejan a través de sus tasas de crecimiento la condición trófica del agua. De esta manera se ponen a disposición de las autoridades ambientales una serie de herramientas técnicas y científicas que permiten tomar decisiones sobre el uso, restauración y conservación de los ambientes acuáticos continentales del país.

Early Cretaceous wedge extrusion in the Indo-Burma Range accretionary complex: implications for the Mesozoic subduction of Neotethys in SE Asia

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Ji'en; Xiao, Wenjiao; Windley, Brian F.; Cai, Fulong; Sein, Kyaing; Naing, Soe

2017-06-01

The Indo-Burma Range (IBR) of Myanmar, the eastern extension of the Yarlung-Tsangpo Neotethyan belt of Tibet in China, contains mélanges with serpentinite, greenschist facies basalt, chert, sericite schist, silty slate and unmetamorphosed Triassic sandstone, mudstone and siltstone interbedded with chert in the east, and farther north high-pressure blueschist and eclogite blocks in the Naga Hills mélange. Our detailed mapping of the Mindat and Magwe sections in the middle IBR revealed a major 18 km antiformal isocline in a mélange in which greenschist facies rocks in the core decrease in grade eastwards and westwards symmetrically `outwards' to lower grade sericite schist and silty slate, and at the margins to unmetamorphosed sediments, and these metamorphic rocks are structurally repeated in small-scale imbricated thrust stacks. In the Mindat section the lower western boundary of the isoclinal mélange is a thrust on which the metamorphic rocks have been transported over unmetamorphosed sediments of the Triassic Pane Chaung Group, and the upper eastern boundary is a normal fault. These relations demonstrate that the IBR metamorphic rocks were exhumed by wedge extrusion in a subduction-generated accretionary complex. Along strike to the north in the Naga Hills is a comparable isoclinal mélange in which central eclogite lenses are succeeded `outwards' by layers of glaucophane schist and glaucophanite, and to lower grade greenschist facies sericite schist and slate towards the margins. In the Natchaung area (from west to east) unmetamorphosed Triassic sediments overlie quartzites, sericite schists, actinolite schists and meta-volcanic amphibolites derived from MORB-type basalt, which are in fault contact with peridotite. Olivine in the peridotite has undulatory extinction suggesting deformation at 600-700 °C, similar to the peak temperature of the amphibolite; these relations suggest generation in a metamorphic sole. The amphibolites have U/Pb zircon ages of 119

Gambaran Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat di Puskesmas Tegal Angus pada Era Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional

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- Yusnita

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Abstrak Puskesmas sebagai salah satu badan layanan publik perlu menyusun indeks kepuasan masyarakat sebagai tolok ukur untuk menilai tingkat kualitas pelayanan. Perubahan puskesmas pada era Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN menyangkut peran sebagai gate keeper untuk mengendalikan rujukan berjenjang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat indeks kepuasan masyarakat (IKM, deskripsi unsur-unsur IKM, dan unsur yang memengaruhi kepuasan pada pelayanan Puskesmas Tegal Angus pada era JKN. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Tegal Angus, Kecamatan Teluk Naga, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten selama bulan Mei­­­­­–Agustus 2016. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi potong lintang dengan responden adalah pasien yang telah mendapatkan pelayanan di puskesmas. Kuesioner yang digunakan adalah kuesioner indeks kepuasan masyarakat sesuai KepmenPAN RI Nomor: KEP/25/M.PAN/2/2004. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan IKM di Puskesmas Tegal Angus bernilai 63,5 yang termasuk kategori baik. Unsur pelayanan yang menyusun IKM sebagian besar masuk kategori baik. Unsur pelayanan yang masuk kategori kurang baik adalah kedisiplinan petugas pelayanan, kepastian jadwal dan biaya pelayanan, serta kecepatan pelayanan. Hasil peneltian ini dapat menjadi bahan penilaian terhadap unsur pelayanan yang masih perlu perbaikan dan menjadi pendorong setiap puskesmas untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanannya. Abstract Puskesmas as one of public health services should measure community satisfaction index (IKM to ensure the qualtity of service. The role as gate keeper especially for referral system in National Health Coverage (JKN is very challenging. The is research aim to understand level of community satisfaction index (IKM, describe indicators in satisfaction index and discover which indicator need to be increased. This is a survey study using cross sectional method. This study was held in Puskesmas Tegal Angus, Kecamatan Teluk Naga

KARAKTERISTIK JELLY DRINK SINBIOTIK DARI SUSU KEDELAI DAN EKSTRAK BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus

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Sri Winarti

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Jelly drink is a gel-based beverage product, which can be made from hydrocolloid compounds by addition of sugars, acids, and or without other food additives, sinbiotics are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect concentration of carrageenan and fermentation timt on the quality of jelly drink sinbiotik soy milk and red dragon fruit extract. The method used in this research is Completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of carrageenan (0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and the second factor of fermentation time (18 hours, 20 hours, 22 hours and 24 hours. To know the difference between treatments used Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT 5%. The results showed that the best treatment was the addition of carrageenan 0,8% and the  fermentation time of 24 hours which resulted jelly drink sinbiotik with pH value 3,7, total acid 1,02%, total lactic acid bacteria (BAL 11,13 log cfu/ml, total sugar 7.92%, 1.89% dissolved protein, total anthocyanin 0.645% and gel strength 3.27 N.

Prognosis: The Plan of Integrated Tourism Area of Kapuk Naga Beach, Tangerang, West Java

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Kuswaji Dwi Priyono

2004-01-01

Full Text Available This paper  tries to analyze of prognosis of the Integrated Tourism Area Planning of Kapuknnaga Beach (KWTPK Tangerang Regency West Java. The two method applied to compose the prognosis are extrapolation and indication. The extrapolation is based on the local area infomation data of contemporary knowledge in the past and presence, while the indication method utilizes the whole interrelation activities programmed with the possible consequences. Land function transformation effects of KWTPK will cause environmental destroy as annual flsh flood, salt water intrusion and polution of urban’s industry sewage. As further effect there is a raising of turbidity and nitrition degree of sedimentation which make coral-ridge degradation toward annihilation. The coral-ridge annihilation will cause the sea waves power collide with the seashore area directly which threatens KWTPK.

Peligros hidrometeorológicos en un valle árido: abordaje geopedológico

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Raúl Emmanuel Ocaña

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Se expone el análisis geopedológico del valle intermontano de Zonda, Argentina, con el objetivo de que este sea aplicado en estudios de ordenamiento territorial. Los resultados indican que los riesgos provienen de tres cuencas principales: dos locales (bajadas pedemontanas, río Seco de la Ciénaga y una regional (río San Juan, cada una con sus propias características. Los peligros más importantes corresponden a procesos de aluviones e inundaciones provenientes de los límites del valle y desbordes de los máximos caudales estivales del río San Juan. Los resultados fueron presentados en mapas que contienen unidades de relieve y riesgos hidrometeorológicos asociados. Los asentamientos humanos crecen en el valle en contacto con el piedemonte y están amenazados principalmente por aluviones de recurrencia anual y estival.

Using MOEA with Redistribution and Consensus Branches to Infer Phylogenies.

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Min, Xiaoping; Zhang, Mouzhao; Yuan, Sisi; Ge, Shengxiang; Liu, Xiangrong; Zeng, Xiangxiang; Xia, Ningshao

2017-12-26

In recent years, to infer phylogenies, which are NP-hard problems, more and more research has focused on using metaheuristics. Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood are two effective ways to conduct inference. Based on these methods, which can also be considered as the optimal criteria for phylogenies, various kinds of multi-objective metaheuristics have been used to reconstruct phylogenies. However, combining these two time-consuming methods results in those multi-objective metaheuristics being slower than a single objective. Therefore, we propose a novel, multi-objective optimization algorithm, MOEA-RC, to accelerate the processes of rebuilding phylogenies using structural information of elites in current populations. We compare MOEA-RC with two representative multi-objective algorithms, MOEA/D and NAGA-II, and a non-consensus version of MOEA-RC on three real-world datasets. The result is, within a given number of iterations, MOEA-RC achieves better solutions than the other algorithms.

Peligros hidrometeorológicos en un valle árido: abordaje geopedológico

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Raúl Emmanuel Ocaña

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Se expone el análisis geopedológico del valle intermontano de Zonda, Argentina, con el objetivo de que este sea aplicado en estudios de ordenamiento territorial. Los resultados indican que los riesgos provienen de tres cuencas principales: dos locales (río San Juan, río Seco de la Ciénaga y una regional (bajadas pedemontanas, cada una con sus propias características. Los peligros más importantes corresponden a procesos de aluviones e inundaciones provenientes de los límites del valle y desbordes de los máximos caudales estivales del río San Juan. Los resultados fueron presentados en mapas que contienen unidades de relieve y riesgos hidrometeorológicos asociados. Los asentamientos humanos crecen en el valle en contacto con el piedemonte y están amenazados principalmente por aluviones de recurrencia anual y estival.

Phytochemical characterization of the threatened specie Fraxinus caroliniana Mill subsp. cubensis (Griseb. Borhidi

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Mabelkis Terry Rosabal

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Fraxinus caroliniana Mill subsp. cubensis (Griseb. Borhidi is commonly known as buffalo, represents an endemic subspecies and categorized as critical danger of extinction in Cuba. This work aimed to characterize the phytochemical composition of plants of F. caroliniana in two localities of the Matanzas province. The presence of secondary metabolites in leaf extracts was qualitatively analyzed and reductive and total sugars were quantified. The results indicated the presence of flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, saponins, tannins and anthraquinones in leaves that could be considered for further systematic studies and application in agriculture. The plants from the Ciénaga de Zapata showed contents of reducing sugars and totals higher than those obtained in the plants of Martí. These results provide information for the identification of characters of possible taxonomic and conservation value in this species.   Keywords: anthraquinons, extracts, swamp ash, steroids, tannins, terpens

Active tectonics and earthquake potential of the Myanmar region

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Wang, Yu; Sieh, Kerry; Tun, Soe Thura; Lai, Kuang-Yin; Myint, Than

2014-04-01

This paper describes geomorphologic evidence for the principal neotectonic features of Myanmar and its immediate surroundings. We combine this evidence with published structural, geodetic, and seismic data to present an overview of the active tectonic architecture of the region and its seismic potential. Three tectonic systems accommodate oblique collision of the Indian plate with Southeast Asia and extrusion of Asian territory around the eastern syntaxis of the Himalayan mountain range. Subduction and collision associated with the Sunda megathrust beneath and within the Indoburman range and Naga Hills accommodate most of the shortening across the transpressional plate boundary. The Sagaing fault system is the predominant locus of dextral motion associated with the northward translation of India. Left-lateral faults of the northern Shan Plateau, northern Laos, Thailand, and southern China facilitate extrusion of rocks around the eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya. All of these systems have produced major earthquakes within recorded history and continue to present major seismic hazards in the region.

Campos comuneros en el valle de Hualfín (Catamarca. Antecedentes, problemática y situación actual

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Bernarda Zubrzycki

2002-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo nos proponemos caracterizar el régimen de tenencia de la tierra de tres campos comuneros ubicados en el valle de Hualfín, específicamente en el Distrito La Ciénaga (Catamarca, Argentina, así como indagar el origen y evolución de algunas de las poblaciones actualmente presentes en ellos. Estos campos tienen su antecedente en las mercedes de tierra otorgadas por la corona durante la época colonial; a través del tiempo se fueron vendiendo, heredando y donando derechos y acciones de uso sobre los mismos, dando lugar a una compleja situación jurídica respecto a la propiedad. Aún hoy ningún habitante de las poblaciones analizadas en este trabajo ha iniciado juicios sucesorios, deslindes o mensuras para prescripciones adquisitivas, legitimando en muchos casos su derecho a la tierra a través del parentesco con los primeros propietarios.

Reporte de las serpientes del municipio de Tamalameque, Cesar - Colombia

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Oscar Ruiz P.

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Identificar preliminarmente los ofidios del municipio de Tamalameque, departamento del Cesar-Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Entre enero y mayo de 2009, mediante búsqueda libre y captura manual se efectuaron muestreos de serpientes, con dos muestreos por mes y un esfuerzo de captura de cuatro horas/hombres. Resultados. Se reporta para esta localidad la presencia de tres familias de serpientes, distribuidas en 12 géneros y 13 especies; La familia Colubridae fue la mejor representada con el 76.93% de las especies reportadas, seguida de la familia Boidae 15.38% y Anomalepidae 7.69%. Conclusiones. Los resultados permiten deducir que la familia Colúbridae es un componente herpetológico importante para la Ciénaga del Cristo y que las amenazas antropicas para los ofidios en esta localidad son la destrucción de hábitat y falta de conocimiento ecológico y etológico por parte de los pobladores

Mineral potential for incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 87): Chapter Q in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)

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Taylor, Cliff D.; Giles, Stuart A.

2015-01-01

Review of PRISM-I documents and the National inventory of mineral occurrences suggests that resources of U, Th, Nb, Ta, Be, rare earth elements (REEs) and fluorite are known in Mauritania and have been exploited in the past at the Bou Naga alkaline complex. Several different deposit types are indicated by the available data. Pegmatitic veins are recorded in several areas of the Archean and Paleoproterozoic portions of the Rgueïbat Shield and are prospective for resources of Li, Be, Nb, Ta, U, Th, and REEs. Over 150 beryl pegmatites are known in the Khnefissat and Inkebden areas of the Chami greenstone belt, and additional concentrations of pegmatites are known in the Guelb Nich Sud area of the Sebkhet Nich greenstone belt and in the northeastern part of the Amsaga Complex. Due to the small size of these deposits, they are unlikely to be economic unless additional value can be gained by processing contained minerals for their industrial uses.

The variation of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in M4-generation seeds of an irradiated local sorghum variety originating from northern Ghana

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Froehlich, W.; Buah, S.S.J.; Abdulai, M.S.; Nyamekye, A.L.

2001-01-01

Full text: Natural genetic variability in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is very large, however, a number of attempts have been made to broaden its genetic base by induced mutations. Most authors refer to visible characters in plant and grain. Occasionally, effects on grain quality, e.g. high lysine/high protein, are reported. Sorghum in northern Ghana, commonly called 'guinea corn', is a widely cultivated cereal crop and can be found in three local races among which the caudatum race is represented by 'Naga White', an improved local variety originating from the Upper East Region of Ghana. It is characterized by short straw, earliness, good grain yield, a semi-loose head, and white grains, but with a relatively poor grain quality. The objective in several breeding programmes was the improvement of its grain quality, and an induced mutations programme was started at Nyankpala Agricultural Experiment Station (NAES) in 1988. About 10,000 seeds of Naga White were treated with 200Gy from a 60 Co gamma-rays source. The M 1 -generation was planted at NAES and multiplied up to M 4 in 1991, subject to selection for agronomic value. Protein contents (Nx5.7) varied from 9 to 10% for grains of parental genotype and from 8 to 12% in M 2 grains harvested in 1990. In 1992, the agronomically best 112 seed samples of M 4 lines were analyzed for N and P contents, 1000-grain weight (GW) and protein contents. Protein contents ranged from 7.0 to 13.6%, phosphorus from 0.15 to 0.45%, and thousand grain weight varied from 11.8 to 19.0 g. The coefficient of the phenotypic correlation between N and P was + 0.337, and several lines with both high N and P contents could be identified. The coefficients of correlation between grain size and both N and P contents were slightly negative but not statistically significant. The coefficient of variation for the P content was twice as high as that for the N content. This might indicate a considerable microvariability in soil phosphorus due to

EL DESARROLLO DE UN ASENTAMIENTO LACUSTRE EN LA CUENCA ALTA DEL RÍO LERMA: EL CASO DE SANTA CRUZ ATIZAPÁN, MÉXICO CENTRAL (The development of a lake settlement in the upper basin of the Lerma river

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Shigeru Kabata

2010-03-01

Full Text Available El valle de Toluca se localiza en la cuenca hidrológica Lerma-Chapala-Santiago, la más extensa de la República Mexicana. A lo largo de su milenaria historia, ha sido reconocido por ser una región donde se encuentran tres ciénagas (Chignahuapan, Chimaliapan y Chicnahuapan, circundadas por volcanes y densos bosques además del río Lerma. La riqueza ambiental de este frío valle favoreció la temprana ocupación de la región, cuyas evidencias arqueológicas se remontan, por lo menos, hasta hace más de 3000 años, durante el Formativo temprano. Hacia 500/600 d. C., las condiciones climáticas se volvieron más secas, provocando el descenso del nivel de agua de las lagunas y permitiendo la colonización del interior de las ciénagas. El sitio arqueológico Santa Cruz Atizapán constituye uno de los asentamientos lacustres que se fundaron en esta zona. Este artículo se enfoca en él, donde los antiguos pobladores se adaptaron a las condiciones del terreno cenagoso y lo transformaron en un lugar habitable, construyendo unos cien montículos sobre los cuales levantaron sus casas-habitaciones. Trata, también, acerca del modo de vida lacustre, donde prevalece la relación simbiótica del hombre con su medio, y sobre el intercambio de productos con otras regiones, que destacan por considerarse de gran relevancia en el desarrollo y consolidación del sitio como centro rector. A pesar de que los montículos dentro de la ciénaga fueron abandonados a fines del Epiclásico cuando las condiciones climáticas provocaron nuevamente un ascenso en el nivel del agua, la parte nuclear del sitio Santa Cruz Atizapán continuó funcionando durante el Posclásico como uno de los centros regionales importantes. ENGLISH: The Valley of Toluca is situated in the Lerma-Chapala-Santiago hydrological system, the largest basin of the Mexican Republic. Throughout its history it has been known for its three shallow water lakes or marshes (Chignahuapan, Chimaliapan and

STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI HATI MENCIT(Mus musculus L. SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN EKOR NAGA (Rhapidhophora pinnata Schott

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Ni Komang Tia Pramesti

2017-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Rhapidhophora pinnata, Schott is a traditional medical plant that has been use remedy for treatment of hypertension, stroke. Aims of  this research is to determine the effect of Rhapidhophora pinnata Schott leaf extract toward  mouse (Mus musculus L liverhistological structure. This research used completely randomized  design with 28 female mice that were divide into 4 groups of  P0 (control received 0,9% NaCl, group P1, P2, and P3 received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg bw respectively by oral administration. The treatment were given daily for 14 days. All of the mice were sacrificed by ether after 15 days. The liver were examined for their histopathological changes, namely fatty degeneration, hydropic degenaration and necrosis. Results were statistically analised by Kruskal-Wallis method. Treatment groups showed no significant differences with regard of liver histopatological changes, however hemorrhage, sinusoid congestion and inflamatory cell infiltration were found in liver.   Keyword : Rhapidhophora pinnata Schott, liver, mice

Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus Terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus Hiperlipidemia

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Afrida Wira Surya Rizqi

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Cardiovascular disease is a disease that causes the most deaths in the world. One of its main risk factor is triglyceride levels which make the emergence of plaque in coronary artery. Statin as an option drug in reducing triglyceride levels apparently reported to cause myopathy and kidney failure when used in a long term. Natural product like red dragon fruit began to be developed as a safer alternative. The content of various substances such as niacin, vitamin C and fiber in it useful as antihypertriglyceridemia. This study aims to determine the effect of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus juice to the decrease of triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemic white rats (Rattus norvegicus. This study was an experimental study with pre and post test with control group design. The subjects were 24 male experimental animals (Rattus norvegicus were divided into 4 groups: one positive control group given simvastatin 0.18 mg/ 200 gram of  weight and three groups treated with red dragon fruit juice doses of 3.6; 5.4 and 7.2 gram/ 200 gram of weight. Then, data were analyzed escriptively with One-Way ANOVA test using SPSS 16.0 for Windows. Results with descriptive analysis obtained that mean of positive control’s pre-test triglyceride level was 104.80 mg/ dl and treatment groups I, II and III respectively 108.15 mg/ dl, 106.47 mg/ dl and 107.43 mg/ dl whereas positive control’s post-test triglyceride level was 51.09 mg/ dl and for the treatment groups were 94.64 mg /dl, 71.01 mg/ dl and 58.75 mg/ dl. One Way ANOVA test obtained p <0.05 which indicated the difference between the treatment of various doses of red dragon fruit juice to white rats’ triglyceride levels. Based on that, means there is the effect of various doses of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus juice to the decrease of triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemic white rats (Rattus norvegicus.

Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus Terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus Hiperlipidemia

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Afrida Wira Surya Rizqi

2014-09-01

Results with descriptive analysis obtained that mean of positive control’s pre-test triglyceride level was 104.80 mg/ dl and treatment groups I, II and III respectively 108.15 mg/ dl, 106.47 mg/ dl and 107.43 mg/ dl whereas positive control’s post-test triglyceride level was 51.09 mg/ dl and for the treatment groups were 94.64 mg /dl, 71.01 mg/ dl and 58.75 mg/ dl. One Way ANOVA test obtained p <0.05 which indicated the difference between the treatment of various doses of red dragon fruit juice to white rats’ triglyceride levels. Based on that, means there is the effect of various doses of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus juice to the decrease of triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemic white rats (Rattus norvegicus.

Grape and wine amino acid composition from Carignan noir grapevines growing under rainfed conditions in the Maule Valley, Chile: Effects of location and rootstock.

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Gutiérrez-Gamboa, G; Carrasco-Quiroz, M; Martínez-Gil, A M; Pérez-Álvarez, E P; Garde-Cerdán, T; Moreno-Simunovic, Y

2018-03-01

Nitrogen compounds play a key role on grape and wine quality. Their composition in grapes depends mainly on variety, viticultural management, and terroir, and affects fermentation kinetics and the volatile compound formation. The aim of this work was to study grape and wine amino acid composition of ungrafted or grafted onto cv. País Carignan grapevines growing under rainfed conditions in ten sites of the Maule Valley (Chile). The results showed that proline was the most abundant amino acid in grapes and wines. In general, Carignan noir grapevines grafted over País showed lower grape amino acid content respect to ungrafted vines. Cool night index (CI) was inversely correlated to several amino acids, showing that their plant synthesis or accumulation increased with lower minimum temperatures during the last month before harvest. Truquilemu (Tru) and Ciénaga de Name (Cdn) sites showed the highest concentration for several amino acids and total amino acid content in grapes, which led to a faster alcoholic fermentation. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Bioacumulación de cadmio en ostras de la bahía de Cartagena: Bio-accumulation cadmium in oysters of Cartagena bay

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Ganiveth Manjarrez Paba

2008-07-01

Full Text Available La Bahía de Cartagena es una de los cuerpos de agua más contaminados de la ciudad, probablemente debido a las industrias que yacen a su alrededor, algunas de las cuales vierten sus desechos en ella, con poco o ningún tipo de tratamiento. Actualmente, los metales pesados como el cadmio, las operaciones de dragado y relleno, los efluentes térmicos y la sedimentación están causando la degradación de los ecosistemas de la bahía a una tasa alarmante. Esta investigación determinó las concentraciones de cadmio en ostras capturadas en seis puntos estratégicos de la bahía: Álcalis, Bocachica, Caño de Loro, Caño Zapatero, Ciénaga Honda y Zona Franca. Los resultados revelaron que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores medios de concentración de Cd en ostras en cada uno de los muestreos realizado, y que Ciénaga Honda y Bocachica fueron las estaciones donde se detectó mayor concentración del metal en ostras (25,79 mg Cd/kg y 15,11 mg Cd/kg, respectivamente. Este estudio evidencia el peligro al que están expuestos los consumidores de ostras capturadas en la Bahía de Cartagena, y permite alertar a las autoridades competentes sobre la vigilancia del control en los puntos críticos.Cartagena Bay is one of the most contaminated bodies of water in the city, probably due to the industries around it; some of them dispose of their waste in it, with little or no treatment. Currently, heavy metals such as cadmium, dredging and filling, thermal effluents and sedimentation are causing the degradation of the ecosystem of the bay at an alarming rate. This investigation found concentrations of cadmium in oysters which are caught in six strategic points of the Bay: Álcalis, Bocachica, Caño Loro, Caño Zapatero, Cienaga Honda, and the Free Zone. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the mean values of Cd concentrations in oysters in each one of the samples taken, and that

Estructura de la comunidad íctica de la Ciénaga de Mallorquín, Caribe colombiano

OpenAIRE

Arrieta V., L.; Rosa Muñoz, J. de la

2003-01-01

In order to evaluate the structure of the fish community in the coastal lagoon of Mallorquín, sampling was made each two weeks in nine stations widely allocated in the study area from July 1998 to April 1999. A total of 36 species corresponding to 22 fish families were analized. Based on the frequency of occurrence, 58% were classified as occasional visitors, 26% as frequent visitors, and a 16% as residents. Total abundance was 2424 individuals and 187 Kg of biomass (fresh weight). 89,3% of t...

Kajian Penambahan Bubur Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus Polyrhizus), Tepung Mocaf Dan Tepung Tempe Dalam Pembuatan Kukis

OpenAIRE

', Indrianto '; Herawati, Netti '; ', Rahmayuni '

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to obtain powder formulations mocaf flour and pureed red dragon fruit leather best on the nutritional value of cookie-generated and with the SNI 01-2973-1992. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The treatment in this study is K1 (mocaf flour 30%, pureed fruit peel red dragon 5%), K2 (mocaf flour 25%, pulp skin red dragon fruit 10%), K3 (mocaf flour 20%, pulp skin red dragon fruit 15 %) and K4 (mocaf flo...

Potencial cosechable de la Ostra Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, en la ciénaga grande de Santa Marta, Colombia

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Carlos A. Hernández J.

1987-01-01

Full Text Available The potencial standing crop of oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae has been calculated as 938,6 tons oyster meat per year (wet-weight for market sized oyster, in the northern zone of the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta. It has been estimated that the oyster-bank area within this zones covers 3.000.000 sq.m. The calculated actual oyster standing crop for that area during this research (April-November 1982 was 3,9 tons of oyster-meat (wet-weight and the actual catch 2,0 tons (in the same period. This reduction in the actual standing crop of oyster is mainly the result of: 1. The low prolonged salinity and the sediment causes mass mortality on oyster population; 2. Deterioration of the quality and available amounts of supporting shell substratum, required by oyster seedling attach and growth until they reach comercial size.

Pengaruh pemberian aditif cair buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus terhadap performa burung puyuh betina umur 16-50 hari

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Vernanda Windi Laksmita

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The research aimed to know the effect of a liquid additive red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus on the performance of quail females aged 16-50 days with different treatment. The research was conducted at cage of Non Ruminant Feed Nutrition Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Animal Agriculture Faculty, Diponegoro University on September-December 2015. The research design based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD, with the control treatment and treatment liquid additives red dragon fruit twice a day, once a day and two days one. Each treatment was 5 times repeated. The parameters measured were feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion and feed efficiency. The results showed that the treatment was not significant (P> 0.05 effects on feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion and feed efficiency in quail. The average of T0, T1, T2 and T3 which feed consumption of 15.64; 15.85; 15.67 and 15.80 g/ head/day, weight gain of 118.70; 121.00; 124.20 and 126.90 g/head, feed conversion of 4.62; 4.58; 4.43 and 4.38 and feed efficiency of 21.68; 21.98; 22.65 and 22.92%. The conclusion is the treatment of a liquid additive red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus on quail resulted in feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion and feed efficiency were similar to the control treatment that has not been able to improve the performance of quail aged 16-50 days. Keywords : quail, red dragon fruit, feed consumption, performances

COLONIZACIÓN DE MOLUSCOS Y CRUSTÁCEOS EN RAÍCES DE MANGLE ROJO EN UNA LAGUNA COSTERA DE LA PUNTA NORTE DEL GOLFO DE MORROSQUILLO

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PRÜSMANN JOHANNA

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron la colonización y sucesión de moluscos y crustáceos en un sustrato de raíces de mangle en tres estaciones en la ciénaga La Boquilla, Punta San Bernardo en la parte norte del Golfo de Morrosquillo. Para el seguimiento del proceso de colonización se ubicaron tres sitios en las márgenes occidental, norte y oriental, y se fijaron en cada estación seis raíces aéreas deshojadas de Rhizophora mangle. Luego de 76 y 200 días de exposición, se retiraron tres raíces de cada sitio y se identificaron los organismos por morfoespecie. Después de 200 días de exposición, se determinaron 19 especies de moluscos y cinco de crustáceos. El anfípodo Corophium sp. y el bivalvo Brachidontes exustus fueron las especies mas numerosas y agruparon una fracción muy importante de la totalidad de los individuos recolectados. La mayoría de las especies encontradas son típicas de la fauna acompañante de las raíces de mangle en el Caribe colombiano.

An application of wastewater treatment in a cold environment and stable lipase production of Antarctic basidiomycetous yeast Mrakia blollopis.

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Masaharu Tsuji

Full Text Available Milk fat curdle in sewage is one of the refractory materials for active sludge treatment under low temperature conditions. For the purpose of solving this problem by using a bio-remediation agent, we screened Antarctic yeasts and isolated SK-4 strain from algal mat of sediments of Naga-ike, a lake in Skarvsnes, East Antarctica. The yeast strain showed high nucleotide sequence homologies (>99.6% to Mrakia blollopis CBS8921(T in ITS and D1/D2 sequences and had two unique characteristics when applied on an active sludge; i.e., it showed a potential to use various carbon sources and to grow under vitamin-free conditions. Indeed, it showed a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD removal rate that was 1.25-fold higher than that of the control. We considered that the improved BOD removal rate by applying SK-4 strain was based on its lipase activity and characteristics. Finally, we purified the lipase from SK-4 and found that the enzyme was quite stable under wide ranges of temperatures and pH, even in the presence of various metal ions and organic solvents. SK-4, therefore, is a promising bio-remediation agent for cleaning up unwanted milk fat curdles from dairy milk wastewater under low temperature conditions.

Evaluación comparativa de algunas características limnológicas de seis ambientes leníticos de Colombia

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Esnedy Hernández

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio propuso evaluar algunas características limnológicas de seis ambientes leníticos de Colombia ubicados en un gradiente altitudinal de las regiones Caribe, Andina y Amazónica. Estos ambientes presentan diferente origen, tipo y variabilidad climática, física y química, esto es una evidencia de que en los ambientes ecuatoriales, como los de Colombia, varían entre sí y requieren un enfoque local enlazado con patrones regionales y geográficos que influencian la limnología del sistema. Los ambientes estudiados corresponden a ciénagas y lagos de inundación de tierras bajas y lagos de alta montaña, los cuales fueron monitoreados en diferentes estaciones y momentos hidrológicos; los resultados fueron analizados en torno a sus diferencias ambientales y tróficas. La ubicación altitudinal y en consecuencia el tipo, origen, morfometría y condición hidroclimática que afecta los seis sistemas promueven cambios significativos en el régimen de precipitación, la temperatura, nivel y transparencia del agua, la concentración de nutrientes, el oxígeno disuelto, el pH, la conductividad eléctrica y la clorofila a.

Pythium species in 13 various types of water bodies of N-E Poland

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Bazyli Czeczuga

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Pythium species and environmental factors in various types of water bodies (2 springs, 2 rivers, 3 ponds and 6 different trophic lakes were studied. Samples of water were collected every two months (springs, rivers, ponds and every three months (lakes in the years 1996-1999 for hydrochemical analysis and in order to determine the Pythium species content. From springs rivers and ponds collected were also ice blocks for determinations of presence of Pythium species. Buckwheatand hemp-seeds, cellophane and snake exuviae were used as bait. Forty-five species of Pythium were found in various types of water bodies. Pythium acanthicum, P. complectens, P. complens, P. diameson, P. dissimile, P. elongatum, P. lucens, P. megalacanthum, P. nagae, P. oedochilum, P. oryzae, P. palingenes, P. periilum and P. polysporum were recorded for the first time in Poland. The largest mean number of species was observed in spring Cypisek, a bit fewer in spring Jaroszówka and lake Białe (oligotrophic-like waters. The lowest mean number of Pythium species was noted in pond Akcent and Pałacowy (polytrophic waters. In all types of water bodies the higest mean number of species was found in winter, and the lowest in summer.

The Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis-tomato interactome reveals the perception of pathogen by the host and suggests mechanisms of infection

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Savidor, Alon [Tel Aviv University; Teper, [Tel Aviv University; Gartemann, KH [Tel Aviv University; Eichenlaub, R [Tel Aviv University; Chalupowicz, L [Tel Aviv University; Manulis-Sasson, S [Tel Aviv University; Barash, I [Tel Aviv University; Tews, H [Tel Aviv University; Mayer, K [Tel Aviv University; Giannone, Richard J [ORNL; Hettich, Robert {Bob} L [ORNL; Sessa, G [Tel Aviv University

2012-01-01

The Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) causes wilt and canker disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Mechanisms of Cmm pathogenicity and tomato response to Cmm infection are not well understood. To explore the interaction between Cmm and tomato, multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) and tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze in vitro and in planta generated samples. The results show that during infection Cmm senses the plant environment, transmits signals, induces, and then secretes multiple hydrolytic enzymes, including serine proteases of the Pat-1, Ppa, and Sbt familes, the CelA, XysA, and NagA glycosyl hydrolases, and other cell wall-degrading enzymes. Tomato induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, LOX1, and other defense-related proteins during infection indicates that the plant senses the invading bacterium and mounts a basal defense response, although partial with some suppressed components including class III peroxidases and a secreted serine peptidase. The tomato ethylene-synthesizing enzyme ACC-oxidase was induced during infection with the wild-type Cmm but not during infection with an endophytic Cmm strain, identifying Cmm-triggered host synthesis of ethylene as an important factor in disease symptom development. The proteomic data were also used to improve Cmm genome annotation, and thousands of Cmm gene models were confirmed or expanded.

PEMANFAATAN GELOMBANG MIKRO DALAM EKSTRAKSI ANTOSIANIN DARI KULIT BUAH NAGA SEBAGAI PENGGANTI RHODAMIN B UNTUK SEDIAAN PEWARNA BIBIR ALAMI

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Arief Adhiksana

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Today, microwave can be used in various chemical processes. The advantage of microwaves is able to deliver energy directly to the material. One of microwave application is the extraction process of natural materials. Microwaves can be used to reduce extraction process time of the anthocyanin from the dragon fruit skin. This research aims to determine the solvent extracted effect to the anthocyanin extraction of dragon fruit skin using microwaves. The solvent used was 95% ethanol, 85% ethanol, 75% ethanol, 95% ethanol –citric acid, 85% ethanol -acids and 75% - citric acid ethanol to the anthocyanin extraction results of dragon fruit skin extracted using microwaves. The consumption of microwave power is 400 watt with 50 gram of dragon fruits skin. Then, anthocyanin extracts are mixe with supporting materials to be made as lipstick and proposed for topical and favorite test. The best yield can be obtained by using ethanol-citric acid solvent at 25,031%.

Pengaruh pemberian aditif cair buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus terhadap kecernaan proein, energi metabolis dan produksi telur burung puyuh

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Rika Dwi Astuti

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of liquid additive red dragon fruit as the addition of drinking water on the digestibility of protein, metabolizable energy and the production of quail eggs. Experimental animals used in the research were 200 female quails, 7 day old with average body weight of 13.61 ± 0.49 g. The experiment used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications : T0 (control, T1 (addition of a liquid additive red dragon fruit about 5 ml twice a day, T2 (once a day and T3 (two days on time. The parameters measured were feed intake, digestibility of protein, metabolizable energy and production of quail eggs. Data were analyzed using a variety of F test at the level 5%, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range test when there are significant effects on the treatment. The results showed that liquid additives red dragon fruit was not significant (P>0.05 on the digestibility of protein, metabolizable energy and the production of quail eggs. In conclusion, the adition of liquid additives reddragon fruit did not increase digestibility of protein, metabolizable energy and the production of quail eggs. Keywords: digestibility of crude protein, quail, quail egg production, red dragon fruit

Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Novel Screening Strategy for Improving Women's Health in Vulnerable Populations.

Science.gov (United States)

Frati, Elena R; Fasoli, Ester; Martinelli, Marianna; Colzani, Daniela; Bianchi, Silvia; Carnelli, Luciana; Amendola, Antonella; Olivani, Pierfranco; Tanzi, Elisabetta

2017-06-20

Migrant women are one of the most vulnerable population to health problems and well-being. This study aimed at implementing a counseling and preventive strategy for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in undocumented migrant women in Milan, Italy. Women (ages 18-65) were enrolled at the NAGA Centre (2012-2013) and asked for a urine sample in order to carry out molecular detection of Human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis ( Ct ), Trichomonas vaginalis ( Tv ), Neisseria gonorrhoeae ( Ng )-DNA. Socio-demographic and sexual behavior information were collected. All HPV/ Ct + women were offered Pap tests and/or were prescribed antibiotic treatment. 537/757 women participated in the study (acceptability rate: 70.9%). Most of the women were from Latin America (45.6%) and Eastern Europe (30.7%); >60% of them had stable partners, did not use contraception and had had at least one pregnancy. The prevalence rates of HPV, Ct , Tv and Ng infections were 24.2%, 7.8%, 4.8% and 0%, respectively. In all, 43.2% of the positive women agreed to undergo a gynecological examination and accepted suitable treatment. This study shows an overall high prevalence of STIs in undocumented migrant women in Milan. The screening strategy based on counseling and urine testing contributed to the successfully high acceptability rate. More appropriate health services that adequately address all aspects of women's health are required.

Uso actual y potencial de la flora de la ciénaga de Zapatosa, en el municipio de Chimichagua, Cesar - Colombia

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Néstor David Jiménez Escobar

2007-08-01

importancia de las especies nativas, principalmente de las ubicadas dentro de la categoría de Artesanales y Construcción, por su importancia cultural y ambiental, pues son fundamentales para la generación de planes de manejo y conservación. Entre ellas se destacan la palma estera (Astrocaryum malybo y el Banco (Gyrocarpus americana, por el grado de amenaza en la que se encuentran y por su estrecha relación con el patrimonio cultural de la región.

Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Novel Screening Strategy for Improving Women’s Health in Vulnerable Populations

Science.gov (United States)

Frati, Elena R.; Fasoli, Ester; Martinelli, Marianna; Colzani, Daniela; Bianchi, Silvia; Carnelli, Luciana; Amendola, Antonella; Olivani, Pierfranco; Tanzi, Elisabetta

2017-01-01

Background: Migrant women are one of the most vulnerable population to health problems and well-being. This study aimed at implementing a counseling and preventive strategy for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in undocumented migrant women in Milan, Italy. Methods: Women (ages 18–65) were enrolled at the NAGA Centre (2012–2013) and asked for a urine sample in order to carry out molecular detection of Human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng)-DNA. Socio-demographic and sexual behavior information were collected. All HPV/Ct+ women were offered Pap tests and/or were prescribed antibiotic treatment. Results: 537/757 women participated in the study (acceptability rate: 70.9%). Most of the women were from Latin America (45.6%) and Eastern Europe (30.7%); >60% of them had stable partners, did not use contraception and had had at least one pregnancy. The prevalence rates of HPV, Ct, Tv and Ng infections were 24.2%, 7.8%, 4.8% and 0%, respectively. In all, 43.2% of the positive women agreed to undergo a gynecological examination and accepted suitable treatment. Conclusions: This study shows an overall high prevalence of STIs in undocumented migrant women in Milan. The screening strategy based on counseling and urine testing contributed to the successfully high acceptability rate. More appropriate health services that adequately address all aspects of women’s health are required. PMID:28632191

PRACCIS: UNA ESTRATEGIA DIDÁCTICA BASADA EN LA HERMENÉUTICA PARA LA CIRCULACIÓN DE LOS CONOCIMIENTOS* O ACERCA DEL DESARROLLO DE UNA PRUEBA PILOTO.

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GONZÁLEZ AGUDELO ELVIA MARÍA

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo muestra cómo se aplicó la estrategia didáctica denominada Praccis, a través de una cartilla didáctica titulada "El Zooplancton de la Ciénaga de Ayapel y su papel en la Ecología de este Ecosistema", como producto de la investigación denominada "Dinámica espacial y temporal del Zooplancton asociado a las macrófitas en el complejo cenagoso de Ayapel,  Córdoba, Colombia". La aplicación de dicha estrategia se llevó a cabo como una prueba piloto y se recolectó la información a través de diferentes textos, a saber: dos diarios de campo, cinco cartillas diligenciadas, 52 encuestas tramitadas por la comunidad no científica y una conversación con la coordinadora del taller. Estos textos se leyeron desde una perspectiva hermenéutica: a partir de los prejuicios, se reflexionó, analizó, comparó, comprendió e interpretó las concurrencias y las ocurrencias de los participantes en el evento para encontrar unidades de significación con el fin de establecer la unidad de sentido, es decir, avalar la estrategia didáctica para facilitar la circulación del conocimiento científico en comunidades no científicas y ser capaz de generar cultura, en este caso, alrededor del objeto agua.

Patrones de crecimiento postnatal en ocho especies de garzas (Ciconiiformes: Ardeidae

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Dennis Denis Ávila

2011-06-01

Full Text Available El crecimiento en aves forma parte de las estrategias reproductivas y su implicación ecológica ha sido profundamente debatida. En este trabajo se describe el crecimiento del pico, peso y tarso de ocho garzas (Aves: Ardeidae en la ciénaga de Birama, Cuba. Para ello, entre 1998-2006, se midieron en días alternos un total de 714 pichones de Butorides virescens, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta thula, E. tricolor, E. caerulea, E. rufescens, Ardea alba y Nycticorax nycticorax, durante sus dos primeras semanas de vida. Se hicieron ajustes a las curvas Logística y de Gompertz y se usó regresiones no lineales y valores adultos como asíntotas, además se determinaron las variables que describenel crecimiento. El tamaño de los pichones al eclosionar fue similar al encontrado en otras localidades, con CV entre 10-19% y diferencias relativas al tamaño adulto. Las ecuaciones de Gompertz tuvieron menos residuos en todos los casos. Entonces, se identificaron dos procesos fundamentales de extensión en el crecimiento de cada estructura: uno físico y otro de duración, entre B. virescens y E. alba. Nycticorax, B. ibis y E. rufescens mostraron variaciones que los diferenciaron del resto. Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis de la microevolución de Ardeidae por hipermorfosis, por un retardo en el momento final del crecimiento.

Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Novel Screening Strategy for Improving Women’s Health in Vulnerable Populations

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Elena R. Frati

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Background: Migrant women are one of the most vulnerable population to health problems and well-being. This study aimed at implementing a counseling and preventive strategy for sexually transmitted infections (STIs in undocumented migrant women in Milan, Italy. Methods: Women (ages 18–65 were enrolled at the NAGA Centre (2012–2013 and asked for a urine sample in order to carry out molecular detection of Human papillomavirus (HPV, Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct, Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng-DNA. Socio-demographic and sexual behavior information were collected. All HPV/Ct+ women were offered Pap tests and/or were prescribed antibiotic treatment. Results: 537/757 women participated in the study (acceptability rate: 70.9%. Most of the women were from Latin America (45.6% and Eastern Europe (30.7%; >60% of them had stable partners, did not use contraception and had had at least one pregnancy. The prevalence rates of HPV, Ct, Tv and Ng infections were 24.2%, 7.8%, 4.8% and 0%, respectively. In all, 43.2% of the positive women agreed to undergo a gynecological examination and accepted suitable treatment. Conclusions: This study shows an overall high prevalence of STIs in undocumented migrant women in Milan. The screening strategy based on counseling and urine testing contributed to the successfully high acceptability rate. More appropriate health services that adequately address all aspects of women’s health are required.

Wind power development field test project at Aoyama Heights, Aoyama-cho. Detailed wind characteristics survey; Aoyamacho Aoyama Kogen ni okeru furyoku kaihatsu field test jigyo (fukyo seisa) hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-11-01

A detailed wind characteristics survey was conducted at Aoyama Heights, Aoyama-cho, Naga-gun, Mie Prefecture, on the assumption that a wind power generation system would be constructed. The survey was a 1-year project from October 1998 through September 1999, and wind characteristics such as the average wind speed, average wind direction, standard deviation of wind velocity, and the maximum instantaneous wind speed were observed. The observation point was fixed at 20m above ground, the minimum time unit for observation was 10 minutes, and the 10-minute average value was defined as the measured value. For the maximum instantaneous wind speed, the minimum time unit for observation was set to be 2 seconds. The yearly average wind speed was 5.3m/s and the maximum wind speed in the period was 32m/s. Winds came prevalently from WNW (31.6%), and then from NW (16.8%), ESE (20.9%), and E (9.9%). The wind axis was in the direction of WNW-ESE, and the total wind direction occurrence rate was 89.0%. Turbulence intensity was 0.25 at wind speed 2.0m/s or more and 0.23 at wind speed 4.0m/s or more. Estimated wind turbine yearly operating factors of 70-84% were obtained using rated values of a 150kW, 300kW, and 750kW-class wind turbines. (NEDO)

Kandungan kolesterol, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL dan low density lipopro-tein (LDL darah burung puyuh dengan pemberian aditif cair buah naga merah

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Khabib Arrosichin

2016-04-01

Full Text Available The study aims to determine, assess and evaluate the content of cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL blood quail which were treated with liquid additive red dragon fruit. Materials used in the study were 200 female quails aged 14 days with an average weight of 13.61 ± 0.49 g. Ration composed by metabolizable energy content of ± 3000 kcal/kg and ± 20% of crude protein. The study consisted of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were (T0: without addition of liquid red dragon fruit (control; T1: addition of 5 ml liquid red dragon fruit twice a day; T2: addition of 5 ml liquid red dragon fruit once a day and T3: addition of 5 ml liquid red dragon fruit once in every two days. Blood sampling was performed in EDTA tube at the end of the study. Analysis of samples was carried out in health laboratory Semarang. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA. The study showed that the addition of liquid red dragon fruit additive had no significant effect (P> 0.05 on cholesterol, HDL and LDL of quil’s blood. Keywords: Quail, cholesterol; HDL, LDL, and red dragon fruit

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOYMILK ADDED WITH DRAGON FRUIT AND EGGPLANT PEEL EXTRACTS [Karakteristik Susu Kedelai dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga dan Kulit Terong

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Diana Sari Kusuma

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Soymilk has become progressively consumed in Indonesia since early 1990. However, soymilk has a short shelf life due to its high protein content that promotes growth of spoilage microorganisms. This study was aimed at utilizing peel waste of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. and dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus, to prolong shelf life of fresh soymilk through microbial growth inhibition, so that it will not be easily contaminated during storage, transportation and distribution time to meet the needs of consumers. Microbiological analysis showed a notably higher inhibitory effect of dragon fruit peel extract when soymilk was stored at 4ºC and it exhibited lower number of colonies even after 6 days. Interestingly, the antimicrobial activity of eggplant peel extract in cold soymilk could only be observed on day 3 until day 9. Hence, it is assumed that chlorogenic acid, as a primary antimicrobial agent in eggplant peel, needed certain time interval to activate its inhibitory activity against microorganism. However, the two peel extracts could not prolong the shelf life of soymilk stored at ambient temperature. All soymilk samples added with the peel extracts fulfilled the Indonesian National standards (SNI for pH value, protein, and total solid content. Based on the sensory evaluation, the samples with dragon fruit peel extract attained a comparable acceptance level as plain soymilk and were favored over those added with eggplant extract. In conclusion, this research indicated potential applications of usual household waste of dragon fruit and eggplant peels as antimicrobial agents for protein-rich beverages.

Manuel Grijalvo, Un Obispo Burgales en Filipinas. By Roberto Blanco Andrés. Burgos: Publicaciones de la Excma. Diputación de Burgos, 2011. 88 pages, plates.

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Grace Liza Y. Concepcion

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This brief biography is one among many published works by RobertoBlanco Andrés, a Spanish historian who specializes in the history of religious orders in the Philippines, particularly the Augustinians. The aim of the present work is simple. It is to recount Fray Manuel Grijalvo’s life as a religious priest who occupied key positions in the Augustinian Order and in the Philippine church as bishop of Nueva Caceres (now Naga in the first half of the 19th century, at a time when both the Order and the church in the Philippines were undergoing transition. This succinct narration of an Augustinian bishop’s lifeopens a window through which one can appreciate Philippine history in the 19th century. Although brief, the summary of Grijalvo’s years in the Philippines, spent in Manila and Nueva Caceres, gives a relatively complete view of the challenges that the Catholic Church was facing in this era, both within the Augustinian Order and in the Diocese of Nueva Caceres. This is so because Grijalvo was an Augustinian missionary who also occupied key posts as parish priest in Batangas towns (1814 -1818 and in Pasig (1833 -1839 and 1831-1847. He was also procurator and prior of the Order between 1818 and 1832. In1848, he was appointed bishop of Nueva Caceres, a post he occupied until his death in 1861. His life, therefore, encapsulates the struggles and challenges of the Philippine Catholic Church and the Spanish colonial government.

Seismicity and tectonics of Bangladesh

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hossain, K.M.

1989-05-01

Northern and eastern Bangladesh and surrounding areas belong to a seismically active zone and are associated with the subduction of the Indian plate. The seismicity and tectonics have been studied in detail and the observations have been correlated to understand the earthquake phenomenon in the region. The morphotectonic behaviour of northern Bangladesh shows that it is deeply related to the movement of the Dauki fault system and relative upliftment of the Shillong plateau. Contemporary seismicity in the Dauki fault system is relatively quiet comparing to that in the Naga-Disang-Haflong thrust belt giving rise to the probability of sudden release of energy being accumulated in the vicinity of the Dauki fault system. This observation corresponds with the predicted average return period of a large earthquake (1897 type) and the possibility of M > 8 earthquake in the vicinity of the Dauki fault within this century should not be ruled out. The seismicity in the folded belt in the east follows the general trend of Arakan-Yoma anticlinorium and represents shallow and low-angled thrust movements in conformity with the field observation. Seismotectonic behaviour in the deep basin part of Bangladesh demonstrates that an intraplate movement in the basement rock has been taking place along the deep-seated faults causing relative upliftment and subsidence in the basin. Bangladesh has been divided into three seismic zones on the basis of morphotectonic and seismic behaviour. Zone-I has been identified as the zone of high seismic risk. (author). 43 refs, 5 figs, 3 tabs

Economic emission dispatching with variations of wind power and loads using multi-objective optimization by learning automata

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liao, H.L.; Wu, Q.H.; Li, Y.Z.; Jiang, L.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Apply multi-objective optimization by learning automata to power system. • Sequentially dimensional search and state memory are incorporated. • Track dispatch under significant variations of wind power and load demand. • Good performance in terms of accuracy, distribution and computation time. - Abstract: This paper is concerned with using multi-objective optimization by learning automata (MOLA) for economic emission dispatching in the environment where wind power and loads vary. With its capabilities of sequentially dimensional search and state memory, MOLA is able to find accurate solutions while satisfying two objectives: fuel cost coupled with environmental emission and voltage stability. Its searching quality and efficiency are measured using the hypervolume indicator for investigating the quality of Pareto front, and demonstrated by tracking the dispatch solutions under significant variations of wind power and load demand. The simulation studies are carried out on the modified midwestern American electric power system and the IEEE 118-bus test system, in which wind power penetration and load variations present. Evaluated on these two power systems, MOLA is fully compared with multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The simulation results have shown the superiority of MOLA over NAGA-II and MOEA/D, as it is able to obtain more accurate and widely distributed Pareto fronts. In the dynamic environment where the operation condition of both wind speed and load demand varies, MOLA outperforms the other two algorithms, with respect to the tracking ability and accuracy of the solutions

Hydrologic modeling of Guinale River Basin using HEC-HMS and synthetic aperture radar

Science.gov (United States)

Bien, Ferdinand E.; Plopenio, Joanaviva C.

2017-09-01

This paper presents the methods and results of hydrologic modeling of Guinale river basin through the use of HEC-HMS software and Synthetic Aperture Radar Digital Elevation Model (SAR DEM). Guinale River Basin is located in the province of Albay, Philippines which is one of the river basins covered by the Ateneo de Naga University (ADNU) Phil-LiDAR 1. This research project was funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) through the Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD). Its objectives are to simulate the hydrologic model of Guinale River basin using HEC-HMS software and SAR DEM. Its basin covers an area of 165.395 sq.km. and the hydrologic model was calibrated using the storm event typhoon Nona (international name Melor). Its parameter had undergone a series of optimization processes of HEC-HMS software in order to produce an acceptable level of model efficiency. The Nash-Sutcliffe (E), Percent Bias and Standard Deviation Ratio were used to measure the model efficiency, giving values of 0.880, 0.260 and 0.346 respectively which resulted to a "very good" performance rating of the model. The flood inundation model was simulated using Legazpi Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Curves (RIDF) and HEC-RAS software developed by the US Army corps of Engineers (USACE). This hydrologic model will provide the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office (MDRRMO), Local Government units (LGUs) and the community a tool for the prediction of runoff in the area.

Patterns of genetic diversity at the nine forensically approved STR loci in the Indian populations.

Science.gov (United States)

Dutta, Ranjan; Reddy, B Mohan; Chattopadhyay, P; Kashyap, V K; Sun, Guangyun; Deka, Ranjan

2002-02-01

Genetic diversity at the nine short tandem repeat (STR) loci, which are universally approved and widely used for forensic investigations, has been studied among nine Indian populations with diverse ethnic, linguistic, and geographic backgrounds. The nine STR loci were profiled on 902 individuals using fluorescent detection methods on an ABI377 System, with the aid of an Amp-F1 Profiler Plus Kit. The studied populations include two upper castes, Brahmin and Kayastha; a tribe, Garo, from West Bengal; a Hindu caste, Meitei, with historical links to Bengal Brahmins; a migrant group of Muslims; three tribal groups, Naga, Kuki and Hmar, from Manipur in northeast India; and a middle-ranking caste, Golla, who are seminomadic herders from Andhra Pradesh. Gene diversity analysis suggests that the average heterozygosity is uniformly high (>0.8) in the studied populations, with the coefficient of gene differentiation at 0.050 +/- 0.0054. Both neighbor-joining (NJ) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) trees based on DA distances bring out distinct clusters that are consistent with ethnic, linguistic, and/or geographic backgrounds of the populations. The fit of the Harpending and Ward model of regression of average heterozygosity on the gene frequency centroid is found to be good, and the observed outliers are consistent with the population structure and history of the studied populations. Our study suggests that the nine STR loci, used so far mostly for forensic investigations, can be used fruitfully for microevolutionary studies as well, and for reconstructing the phylogenetic history of human populations, at least at the local level.

Characterization of 12 Capsicum varieties by evaluation of their carotenoid profile and pungency determination.

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Giuffrida, Daniele; Dugo, Paola; Torre, Germana; Bignardi, Chiara; Cavazza, Antonella; Corradini, Claudio; Dugo, Giacomo

2013-10-15

In this research 12 different varieties of Capsicum cultivars belonging to three species (Capsicum chinense, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens) and of various colour, shape, and dimension have been characterised by their carotenoids and capsaicinoids content. The berries were cultivated in the region Emilia-Romagna, in Northern Italy. The native carotenoid composition was directly investigated by an HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS methodology, for the first time. In total, 52 carotenoids have been identified and considerable variation in carotenoid composition was observed among the various cultivars investigated. Among the cultivars with red colour, some Habanero, Naga morich and Sinpezon showed an high β-carotene content, whereas Serrano, Tabasco and Jalapeno showed an high capsanthin content and the absence of β-carotene. Habanero golden and Scotch Bonnet showed a high lutein, α-carotene and β-carotene amounts, and Habanero orange was rich in antheraxanthin, capsanthin and zeaxanthin. Cis-cryptocapsin was present in high amount in Habanero chocolate. The qualitative and quantitative determination of the capsaicinoids, alkaloids responsible for the pungency level, has also been estimated by a validated chromatographic procedure (HPLC-DAD) after a preliminary drying step and an opportune extraction procedure. Results have also been expressed in Scoville units. Dry matter and water activity have also been established on the fresh berries. The dried peppers of each variety were then submitted to the evaluation of the total nitrogen content, measured by a Dumas system, permitting to provide information on the protein content that was found to be in the range between 7 and 16%. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transports and tidal current estimates in the Taiwan Strait from shipboard ADCP observations (1999-2001)

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Wang, Y. H.; Jan, S.; Wang, D. P.

2003-05-01

Tidal and mean flows in the Taiwan Strait are obtained from analysis of 2.5 years (1999-2001) of shipboard ADCP data using a spatial least-squares technique. The average tidal current amplitude is 0.46 ms -1, the maximum amplitude is 0.80 ms -1 at the northeast and southeast entrances and the minimum amplitude is 0.20 ms -1 in the middle of the Strait. The tidal current ellipses derived from the shipboard ADCP data compare well with the predictions of a high-resolution regional tidal model. For the mean currents, the average velocity is about 0.40 ms -1. The mean transport through the Strait is northward (into the East China Sea) at 1.8 Sv. The transport is related to the along Strait wind by a simple regression, transport (Sv)=2.42+0.12×wind (ms -1). Using this empirical formula, the maximum seasonal transport is in summer, about 2.7 Sv, the minimum transport is in winter, at 0.9 Sv, and the mean transport is 1.8 Sv. For comparison, this result indicates that the seasonal amplitude is almost identical to the classical estimate by Wyrtki (Physical oceanography of the southeast Asian waters, scientific results of marine investigations of the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand, 1959-1961. Naga Report 2, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, 195 pp.) based on the mass balance in the South China Sea, while the mean is close to the recent estimate by Isobe [Continental Shelf Research 19 (1999) 195] based on the mass balance in the East China Sea.

Observaciones ecológicas en la Isla de Salamanca (Depto. del Magdalena, Colombia Observaciones ecológicas en la Isla de Salamanca (Depto. del Magdalena, Colombia

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Schnetter Marie-Luise

1969-06-01

Full Text Available Von August 1965 bis Juni 1967 wurden auf der Isla de Salamanca ökologische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Das genannte Gebiet liegt an der kolumbianischen Atlantikküste zwischen Barranquilla und Ciénaga und wird im Norden von der karibischen See und im Süden von der Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta begrenzt. Die mittlere Jahrestemperatur beträgt 28° C. Die Trockenzeit dauert fünf Monate, die jährliche Niederschlagsmenge liegt wahrscheinlich bei 700 mm. Der Boden besteht überall aus Sand.  Weite Teile der Insel, vor allem im Westen, sind mit Mangrove bedeckt. Im Osten, wo die Untersuchungen durchgeführt wurden, breitet sich auf höher gelegenen Stellen ein 5-7 m hohes Gebüsch aus Dornsträuchern und Kakteen aus, In Gebieten, die sich wenig über Meeresniveau erheben, ist der Boden versalzen und entweder vegetationslos oder mit Halophyten, vor allem Batis maritima und Sesuvium portulacastrum, bedeckt. Die Bodenversalzung wird hauptsächlich durch bis an die Oberfläche aufsteigendes und dort verdunstendes salzhaltiges Grundwasser verursacht.  Während der Trockenzeit lagert sich auf den unbewachsenen Flächen eine Salzkruste ab, die in der Regenzeit durch Niederschläge ausgewaschen wird. Der Salzgehalt der mit Halophyten bestandenen Gebiete kann in der Trockenzeit über den der unbewachsenen Stellen ansteigen, was möglicherweise auf die Wasseraufnahme durch die Pflanzen und den dadurch verstärkten Wasserentzug zurückzuführen ist.  Soweit das Grundwasser dicht unter der Bodenoberfläche steht, ist ein das ganze Jahr über hoher Bodenwassergehalt vorhanden. Je mehr das Niveau ansteigt, desto geringer wird er, Am Ende der Trockenzeit kann die Wasserversorgung an mit Pflanzen bestandenen Stellen stärker beansprucht sein als an vegetationslosen. Jedoch hält in der Regenzeit der bewachsenen Boden die Niederschläge besser fest als der unbewachsene. Der Trockenbusch breitet sich nur an solchen Stellen aus, an denen das salzhaltige

Kecernaan protein dan energi metabolis akibat pemberian zat aditif cair buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus pada burung puyuh japonica betina umur 16-50 hari

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Meina Yuniarti

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Digestibility of crude protein and energy is used to measure digestibility in poultry, digestible shows of feed substances absorbed by the body which will affect the productivity of quail. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of red dragon fruit liquid additif (Hylocereus polyrhizus, digestibility protein and metabolizable energy by quail female age 16-50 days. Experiment used 200 japanese quails females, 7 weeks age with average body weight of 13.61±0.49 g. The study was conducted in battery cages. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications: T0 (control, T1 (Award liquid additives red dragon fruit twice a day, T2 (one a day and T3 (two days. The dose of a liquid additive is 5 ml/quail. Observation of digestibility of crude protein (KcPK and the energy carried by the method of total collection for 3 days, measurements using a bomb calorimeter gross energy and protein analysis using Kjeldahl method. Data were analyzed using a variety of test F at the level 5%, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (UJBD there is significant effect of the treatment each treatment was showed liquid additives red dragon fruit was not significant (P> 0.05 on crude protein digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy. The conclusion, the given of liquid additives red dragon fruit did not increase digestibility of crude protein and apparent metabolizable energy. Keywords: quail, red dragon fruit, digestibility of crude protein

« El azar y la necesidad » Élite y elecciones matrimoniales en Buenos Aires 1776-1820. Las familias Azcuénaga y Andonaegui

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Maria Selva Senor

2005-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente articulo se reconstruyen las trayectorias matrimoniales de dos familias de la élite en el Río de la Plata entre 1776 y 1810 con el objeto de descubrir las estrategias seguidas por las mismas y las repercusiones del azar. Desde una perspectiva microanalitica y a partir de la utilización de la noción de redes sociales se intentará ilustrar acerca de las reglas sociales en una sociedad con variados contextos normativos superpuestos, que incluyen asimismo a la política del Estado y en la que los agentes pueden manipular reglas y tomar decisiones haciendo que el grado de incertidumbre sea mayor.

Analysis of Epstein Barr Virus Encoded RNA Expression in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in North-Eastern India: A Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization Based Study

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Anjan Saikia

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC is a common cancer in the North-East region of India. Though the role of environmental contributors of NPC in the North-Eastern part of India is firmly established, EBV as an etiological agent in the region remains unexplored. Material and Methods: Fifty-one patients, who presented at the department of ENT, NEIGRIHMS and were confirmed as NPC upon histopathological examination, were included in the study. Chromogenic in-situ hybridization (CISH was used for the evaluation of EBER (Epstein Barr Virus Encoded RNA. Presence of nuclear signals was taken as positive for EBER expression. EBER status was correlated with various clinicopathological parameters like age, sex, dietary habits, histological types of NPC, and ethnicity of the patients. Results: The age range of the study group was 25 to 70 years with a mean age of 44.64 years and a male:female ratio of 3:2. Non-keratinizing undifferentiated type of NPC was the most common histological type. EBV was positive in 59% (30/51 of our cases. It showed a statistically significant correlation with the Naga community (P=0.01, with consumption of smoked food (P=0.02, and cigarette smoking (P=0.02. There was no correlation of EBV with age, sex, lymph node metastasis, stage, and histology. Conclusion: Our result indicates that EBV may be an additional risk factor in the pathogenesis of NPC in this region of India. So apart from lifestyle modification, a future study for a screening test for EBV viral load even in asymptomatic patients may be considered, for determination of disease susceptibility, early diagnosis, and proper management.

Sialic Acid Catabolism Confers a Competitive Advantage to Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae in the Mouse Intestine▿

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Almagro-Moreno, Salvador; Boyd, E. Fidelma

2009-01-01

Sialic acids comprise a family of nine-carbon ketosugars that are ubiquitous on mammalian mucous membranes. However, sialic acids have a limited distribution among Bacteria and are confined mainly to pathogenic and commensal species. Vibrio pathogenicity island 2 (VPI-2), a 57-kb region found exclusively among pathogenic strains of Vibrio cholerae, contains a cluster of genes (nan-nag) putatively involved in the scavenging (nanH), transport (dctPQM), and catabolism (nanA, nanE, nanK, and nagA) of sialic acid. The capacity to utilize sialic acid as a carbon and energy source might confer an advantage to V. cholerae in the mucus-rich environment of the gut, where sialic acid availability is extensive. In this study, we show that V. cholerae can utilize sialic acid as a sole carbon source. We demonstrate that the genes involved in the utilization of sialic acid are located within the nan-nag region of VPI-2 by complementation of Escherichia coli mutants and gene knockouts in V. cholerae N16961. We show that nanH, dctP, nanA, and nanK are highly expressed in V. cholerae grown on sialic acid. By using the infant mouse model of infection, we show that V. cholerae ΔnanA strain SAM1776 is defective in early intestinal colonization stages. In addition, SAM1776 shows a decrease in the competitive index in colonization-competition assays comparing the mutant strain with both O1 El Tor and classical strains. Our data indicate an important relationship between the catabolism of sialic acid and bacterial pathogenesis, stressing the relevance of the utilization of the resources found in the host's environment. PMID:19564383

Predicting impact of SLR on coastal flooding in Banda Aceh coastal defences

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Al'ala, Musa; Syamsidik, Kato, Shigeru

2017-10-01

Banda Aceh is a low-lying city located at the northern tip of Sumatra Island and situated at the conjuncture of Malacca Strait and the Andaman Sea. A Sea Level Rise (SLR) rate at 7 mm/year has been observed around this region. In the next 50 years, this city will face a serious challenge to encounter impacts of the sea level rise, such as frequent coastal floodings. This study is aimed at estimating impacts of the sea level rise induced coastal floodings on several types of coastal structures and city drainage system. Numerical simulations of Delft3D were applied to investigate the influence of the gradual sea level rise in 50 years. The hydrodynamic process of coastal flooding and sediment transport were simulated by Delft3D-Flow. Topography and bathymetry data were collected from GEBCO and updated with the available nautical chart (DISHIDROS, JICA, and field measurements). Hydrodynamic process gains the flow process revealing the level of the sea water intrusion also observed in the model. Main rivers (Krueng Aceh, Krueng Neng, and Alue Naga Flood Canal) and the drainage system were observed to see the tides effects on coastal structures and drainage system. The impact on coastal community focusing on affected area, shoreline retreat, the rate of sea intrusion was analyzed with spatial tools. New coastal line, coastal flooding vulnerable area, and the community susceptibility properties map influenced by 50 years sea level rise is produced. This research found that the city needs to address strategies to anticipate the exacerbating impacts of the sea level rise by managing its coastal spatial planning and modify its drainage system, especially at the drainage outlets.

Sialic acid catabolism confers a competitive advantage to pathogenic vibrio cholerae in the mouse intestine.

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Almagro-Moreno, Salvador; Boyd, E Fidelma

2009-09-01

Sialic acids comprise a family of nine-carbon ketosugars that are ubiquitous on mammalian mucous membranes. However, sialic acids have a limited distribution among Bacteria and are confined mainly to pathogenic and commensal species. Vibrio pathogenicity island 2 (VPI-2), a 57-kb region found exclusively among pathogenic strains of Vibrio cholerae, contains a cluster of genes (nan-nag) putatively involved in the scavenging (nanH), transport (dctPQM), and catabolism (nanA, nanE, nanK, and nagA) of sialic acid. The capacity to utilize sialic acid as a carbon and energy source might confer an advantage to V. cholerae in the mucus-rich environment of the gut, where sialic acid availability is extensive. In this study, we show that V. cholerae can utilize sialic acid as a sole carbon source. We demonstrate that the genes involved in the utilization of sialic acid are located within the nan-nag region of VPI-2 by complementation of Escherichia coli mutants and gene knockouts in V. cholerae N16961. We show that nanH, dctP, nanA, and nanK are highly expressed in V. cholerae grown on sialic acid. By using the infant mouse model of infection, we show that V. cholerae DeltananA strain SAM1776 is defective in early intestinal colonization stages. In addition, SAM1776 shows a decrease in the competitive index in colonization-competition assays comparing the mutant strain with both O1 El Tor and classical strains. Our data indicate an important relationship between the catabolism of sialic acid and bacterial pathogenesis, stressing the relevance of the utilization of the resources found in the host's environment.

Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Intensitas Cahaya terhadap Performa DSSC (Dye Sensitized Solar Cell dengan Ekstrak Buah dan Sayur Sebagai Dye Sensitizer

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Khoiruz Zadit Taqwa

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Sel surya adalah peralatan yang dapat mengubah energi matahari menjadi energi listrik dengan menggunakan efek photovoltaic. Desain dan konstruksi dari solar cell mengalami perkembangan seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi saat ini, hingga pada tahun 1991 ditemukan DSSC (Dye Sensitized Solar Cell. Sampai saat ini bahan yang umum digunakan sebagai dye pada pembuatan DSSC adalah ruthenium complex yang berharga mahal dan sulit untuk disintesa. Karena itu perlu dilakukannya penelitian tentang penggunaan bahan lain yang murah dan mudah untuk disintesa sebagai bahan dye, karena itu perlu diadakan pengujian terhadap performa yang dihasilkan dari DSSC dengan bahan dye tersebut dan apa saja variabel yang mempengaruhinya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi eksperimental terhadap prototype DSSC dengan variasi bahan dye sensitizer dari ekstrak kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana, ekstrak daun bayam (Amaranthus hybridus l. ekstrak buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus. Pengujian prototype DSSC dilakukan dengan cara menyinarinya menggunakan cahaya lampu halogen yang diatur tegangannya menggunakan sebuah dimmer untuk mengendalikan temperatur dari lampu, sehingga lampu tersebut menghasilkan variasi tintensitas cahaya sebesar 29 W/m2, 36 W/m2 dan 49 W/m2. Selanjutnya pengujian dilakukian dengan cara yang sama, tetapi dengan ditambahkan pendingin berupa air yang mengalir dibawah permukaan prototype DSSC. Penilitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa semakin tinggi intensitas cahaya, maka semakin tinggi Pmax yang dihasilkan oleh prototype. Semakin bertambah temperatur pencahayaan maka semakin berkurang performa dari prototype DSSC. Efisiensi yang paling besar dihasilkan oleh prototype dengan bahan dye dari ekstrak kulit manggis pada intensitas 29 W/m2 sebesar 0,73%,Pendinginan yang diberikan kepada prototype mampu memperbaiki efisiensi dari prototype DSSC yang dibuat akan tetapi tidak signifikan.

Compositional data supports decentralized model of production and circulation of artifacts in the pre-Columbian south-central Andes.

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Lazzari, Marisa; Pereyra Domingorena, Lucas; Stoner, Wesley D; Scattolin, María Cristina; Korstanje, María Alejandra; Glascock, Michael D

2017-05-16

The circulation and exchange of goods and resources at various scales have long been considered central to the understanding of complex societies, and the Andes have provided a fertile ground for investigating this process. However, long-standing archaeological emphasis on typological analysis, although helpful to hypothesize the direction of contacts, has left important aspects of ancient exchange open to speculation. To improve understanding of ancient exchange practices and their potential role in structuring alliances, we examine material exchanges in northwest Argentina (part of the south-central Andes) during 400 BC to AD 1000 (part of the regional Formative Period), with a multianalytical approach (petrography, instrumental neutron activation analysis, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) to artifacts previously studied separately. We assess the standard centralized model of interaction vs. a decentralized model through the largest provenance database available to date in the region. The results show: ( i ) intervalley heterogeneity of clays and fabrics for ordinary wares; ( ii ) intervalley homogeneity of clays and fabrics for a wide range of decorated wares (e.g., painted Ciénaga); ( iii ) selective circulation of two distinct polychrome wares (Vaquerías and Condorhuasi); ( iv ) generalized access to obsidian from one major source and various minor sources; and ( v ) selective circulation of volcanic rock tools from a single source. These trends reflect the multiple and conflicting demands experienced by people in small-scale societies, which may be difficult to capitalize by aspiring elites. The study undermines centralized narratives of exchange for this period, offering a new platform for understanding ancient exchange based on actual material transfers, both in the Andes and beyond.

ANÁLISIS HIDROLÓGICO E HIDRÁULICO DE LA CUENCA DEL RÍO FRÍO, MUNICIPIOS DE CIÉNAGA Y ZONA BANANERA, DEPARTAMENTO DEL MAGDALENA

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Alfredo Ramos Moreno

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Los modelos hidrológicos e hidráulicos han permitido grandes avances en los estudios de las cuencas hidrográficas, la utilización de modelos como HEC RAS y HEC HMS los cuales han recibido una gran acogida por la comunidad mundial de ingenieros que se desempeñan en el área de la meteorología, hidrología, hidráulica y otras áreas relacionadas con el manejo del recurso hídrico. Gracias a sus grandes aproximaciones los modelos de HEC RAS y HEC HMS fueron seleccionados para realizar las modelaciones para determinar el comportamiento hidrológico e hidráulico de la cuenca del río Frío ubicada en el municipio de Zona Bananera, departamento del Magdalena como producto de las inundaciones que se han presentado en los últimos años. En este artículo se expone una cantidad de análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos que posibilitan la obtención de la información de entrada de los modelos de simulación, posteriormente, dicha información fue introducida a los modelos para lograr determinar el comportamiento bajo escenarios extremos a los que la cuenca del río Frío puede ser sometida. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos las áreas donde se presentan los principales inconvenientes de carácter hidráulico e hidrológico, se deben principalmente a la configuración geométrica de la batimetría del río y al desarrollo de actividades agrícolas y ganaderas que han generado cambios en el uso del suelo, modificando los números de curva y aumentando la escorrentía hacia los afluentes y finalmente hacia el río principal. Frente a esta situación se relacionan una serie de recomendaciones que buscan corregir el régimen hidrológico y comportamiento hidrodinámico para evitar nuevas inundaciones que pongan en riesgo a la población que se encuentra en las inmediaciones del río Frío en el municipio de la Zona Bananera Departamento del Magdalena.

Cálculo de patana especializada construida de PRFV. // Calculation of specialized shalow water vessels designed and manufactured with PRFV.

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J. García de la Figal

2003-05-01

Full Text Available Se trata del cálculo de resistencia y rigidez de una patana especializada para el tratamiento de aguas residuales en la zonapantanosa de la Ciénaga de Zapata, Cuba, por lo que se recurre a materiales altamente duraderos y resistentes a la acción deun medio tan agresivo. Se trata de plásticos y fibra de vidrio. Por los altos pesos en la cubierta, su calculo no estaestablecido en los Registros de Buques, haciéndose necesario el calculo completo de la patana con este material ortotrópico.Para ello se recurrió al Método de los Elementos Finitos, a través del empleo de un programa de computación. Se llega aldiseño completo de las diferentes partes de la patana con este complejo material. Ya ha sido construida y está en operación.Palabras claves: Elementos finitos, embarcaciones, tratamiento de aguas,PRFV._______________________________________________________________________________AbstractThis paper deals with the calculations of resistance and rigidity of a specialized shalow water vessel for the treatment ofwaste waters. It will be located in the marshy area of Cienaga de Zapata, Cuba, for this reason highly durable and resistantmaterials to the action of such aggressive environment are used. We are dealing with plastics and glass fiber due to the highweight in the cover the calculation is not established by Ships Registrations and therefore became necessary to carried outthe complete vessel calculation with this orthotropic material. It was neccesary applied the Finite Elements Method bymeans of a computation program. We arrived to the complete design of different parts of the vessel with this complexmaterial. It has already been built and it is in operation.Key words: Finite element, vessel, water treatment, PRFV.

Comparative Effectiveness of Insecticides for Use Against the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae): Determination of Resistance Levels on a Malaysian Poultry Farm.

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Ong, Song-Quan; Ahmad, Hamdan; Jaal, Zairi; Rus, Adanan Che

2016-02-01

In this study, the toxicology of two commercial larvicides--cyromazine (Neporex 50SP) and ChCy (combination of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin, Naga 505)--and five commercial adulticides--thiamethoxam (Agita 10WG), cyfluthrin (Responsar WP), lambda-cyhalothrin (Icon 2.8EC), fipronil (Regent 50SC), and imidacloprid (Toxilat 10WP)--was examined against the WHO/VCRU (World Health Organization/ Vector Control Research Unit) susceptible strain and the AYTW (Ayer Tawar) field strain of house fly, Musca domestica L. These pesticides were administered topically, in the diet, or as a dry residue treatment on plywood. Probit analysis using at least five concentrations and the concentration that was lethal to 50% (LC(50)) of the organisms was applied to compare the toxicology and resistance levels of the AYTW population to different insecticides. In the larvicide laboratory study, ChCy was more effective than cyromazine, with a significantly lower LC(50) value when administered topically or in the diet, although the AYTW population was susceptible to both larvicides with a resistance ratio (RR) <10. For the adulticide laboratory study, cyfluthrin and fipronil exhibited the lowest LC50 values of the adulticides, indicating that they are both effective at controlling adult flies, although lambda-cyhalothrin showed moderate resistance (RR = 11.60 by topical application; 12.41 by plywood treatment). Further investigation of ChCy, cyromazine, cyfluthrin, and fipronil under field conditions confirmed that ChCy and cyromazine strikingly reduced larval density, and surprisingly, ChCy also exhibited adulticidal activity, which significantly reduced adult fly numbers compared with the control group. Cyfluthrin and fipronil were also confirmed to be effective, with a significant reduction in adult fly numbers compared with the control group. © The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions

Linking fishery management and conservation in a tropical estuarine lagoon: biological and physical effects of an artisanal fishing gear

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Rueda, M.; Defeo, O.

2003-04-01

Information coming from fishery monitoring, surveys and experimental fishing with participation of fishers was employed to determine the impact of an artisanal gear, 'boliche', on the biodiversity of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM), an estuarine lagoon on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Fishery monitoring (catch data) included landings before (1968 and 1978) and after (1994-1996) the introduction of the boliche in the CGSM (1985), whereas surveys were conducted seasonally during 1993-1994. Fishing experiments involved evaluating different mesh sizes and the short-term effect of physical disturbance by the boliche. Monitoring suggested potential trophic effects of this fishing gear: the catch of large, long-lived, carnivorous species declined after the introduction of the boliche in the CGSM, whereas catch rates of smaller, shorter-lived, and lower trophic level species increased. Surveys revealed that the boliche retained 41 species. The by-catch made up 62% of the total catch and the remaining 38% involved the three target species Eugerres plumieri, Mugil incilis and Cathorops spixii. Selectivity experiments showed that 2.5 in. stretched mesh size gill nets caught more species than the 3.0-in. mesh. The smaller mesh also increased the risk of a critical reduction in the spawning stock of target species (notably E. plumieri); a situation that could affect the fish community if mesh sizes lower than 2.5 in. were intensively used. Suspended particulate matter significantly increased after fishing activity, with higher resuspension on mud-shells and mud substrata, whereas dissolved oxygen showed no appreciable changes after fishing operations. Notwithstanding, the activity of the boliche would generate sediment resuspension between 382 and 470 t day -1, which could lead to potential cascade impacts on water quality. We propose a framework of redundancy in management measures in order to simultaneously reach management and conservation goals.

Assessing Freshwater Ecosystem Service Risk over Ecological, Socioeconomic, and Cultural Gradients: Problem Space Characterization and Methodology

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Harmon, T. C.; Villamizar, S. R.; Conde, D.; Rusak, J.; Reid, B.; Astorga, A.; Perillo, G. M.; Piccolo, M. C.; Zilio, M.; London, S.; Velez, M.; Hoyos, N.; Escobar, J.

2014-12-01

Freshwater ecosystems and the services they provide are under increasing anthropogenic pressure at local (e.g., irrigation diversions, wastewater discharge) and global scales (e.g., climate change, global trading). The impact depends on an ecosystem's sensitivity, which is determined by its geophysical and ecological settings, and the population and activities in its surrounding watershed. Given the importance of ecosystem services, it is critical that we improve our ability to identify and understand changes in aquatic ecosystems, and translate them to risk of service loss. Furthermore, to inspire changes in human behavior, it is equally critical that we learn to communicate risk, and pose risk mitigation strategies, in a manner acceptable to a broad spectrum of stakeholders. Quantifying the nature and timing of the risk is difficult because (1) we often fail to understand the connection between anthropogenic pressures and the timing and extent of ecosystem changes; and (2) the concept of risk is inherently coupled to human perception, which generally differs with cultural and socio-economic conditions. In this study, we endeavor to assess aquatic ecosystem risks across an international array of six study sites. The challenge is to construct a methodology capable of capturing the marked biogeographical, socioeconomic, and cultural differences among the sites, which include: (1) Muskoka River watershed in humid continental Ontario, Canada; (2) Lower San Joaquin River, an impounded snow-fed river in semi-arid Central California; (3) Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, a tropical coastal lagoon in Colombia; (4) Senguer River basin in the semi-arid part of Argentina; (5) Laguna de Rocha watershed in humid subtropical Uruguay; and (6) Palomas Lake complex in oceanic Chilean Patagonia. Results will include a characterization of the experimental gradient over the six sites, an overview of the risk assessment methodology, and preliminary findings for several of the sites.

Effects of red pitaya juice supplementation on cardiovascular and hepatic changes in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramli, Nurul Shazini; Brown, Lindsay; Ismail, Patimah; Rahmat, Asmah

2014-06-12

The fruit of Hylocereus polyrhizus, also known as red pitaya, and buah naga in Malay, is one of the tropical fruits of the cactus family, Cactaceae. Red pitaya has been shown to protect aorta from oxidative damage and improve lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic rats probably due to phytochemicals content including phenolics and flavonoids. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in cardiac stiffness, hepatic and renal function in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced obese rats following supplementation of red pitaya juice. Total 48 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: corn-starch group (CS), corn-starch+red pitaya juice group (CRP), high-carbohydrate, high fat group (HCHF) and high-carbohydrate, high fat+red pitaya juice (HRP). The intervention with 5% red pitaya juice was started for 8 weeks after 8 weeks initiation of the diet. Heart function was determined ex vivo with Langendorff hearts while plasma liver enzymes, uric acid and urea were measured using commercial kits. Total fat mass was determined with Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Glucose uptake was measured with Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Liver and cardiac structures were defined by histology. Supplementation of red pitaya juice for 8 weeks increased energy intake and abdominal circumference but no change in body fat and lean mass respectively. Also, there were a trend of uric acid and glucose normalization for HRP as compared to H-fed rats. Red pitaya juice treatment reduced ALP and ALT but caused significant increment in AST. Diastolic stiffness of the heart was reduced after supplementation of red pitaya juice in corn starch fed rats. However, the reduction was not significant in HRP rats in comparison with H rats. The present study concluded that red pitaya juice may serve as a complimentary therapy for attenuating some signs of metabolic syndrome.

Report on limnological, biological and ecological observations of lakes on the Soya Coast, East Antarctica

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Sakae Kudoh

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Observations on the limnological properties, samplings of waters and bottom assemblages for biological and ecological studies, and some field experimental studies at several lakes in Soya Coast ice-free areas, were carried out during the austral summer season in the 49th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE, 2007-2008. These studies were planned as one of the research projects named, "Studies on the changes of polar environments and ecosystems (P-3" and the monitoring studies named "Monitoring for ecosystems (M-4" during the 7th term of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition Plans. Field studies were done from 22 December 2007 to 13 February 2008, while our Ice Breaker Shirase stayed at/near off Syowa Station. To clarify the relationships among seasonal changes of environmental factors and biological responses, frequent field observations were performed at Naga Ike, one of the freshwater lakes in the Skarvsnes ice-free area. General limnological and biological samplings at the other lakes in the area (14 lakes near the Kizahasi Beach field base camp were also done during the term. Observations and samplings distant from the base camp, four lakes in eastern Skarvsnes, a lake in Skallen, and three lakes in Langhovde, were also done using a helicopter for transportation. From Namazu Ike (temporary name in eastern Skarvsnes, submersible video cameras were retrieved and so-called `algal crest', benthic moss-algal assemblages, were sampled by scuba diving. Benthic copepods were sampled quantitatively from Nurume Ike in Langhovde. From Hyoga Ike (temporary name, a snow-dammed glacial lake which lost its water by recent breakage (during the JARE-46 wintering period, thin bio-film samples were collected from the present lake shore formerly part of the lake bed.

Cálculo de patana especializada construida de PRFV. // Calculation of specialized shalow water vessels designed and manufactured with PRFV.

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J. García de la Figal

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Se trata del cálculo de resistencia y rigidez de una patana especializada para el tratamiento de aguas residuales en la zonapantanosa de la Ciénaga de Zapata, Cuba, por lo que se recurre a materiales altamente duraderos y resistentes a la acción deun medio tan agresivo. Se trata de plásticos y fibra de vidrio. Por los altos pesos en la cubierta, su calculo no estaestablecido en los Registros de Buques, haciéndose necesario el calculo completo de la patana con este material ortotrópico.Para ello se recurrió al Método de los Elementos Finitos, a través del empleo de un programa de computación. Se llega aldiseño completo de las diferentes partes de la patana con este complejo material. Ya ha sido construida y está en operación.Palabras claves: Elementos finitos, embarcaciones, tratamiento de aguas,PRFV.___________________________________________________________________________________AbstractThis paper deals with the calculations of resistance and rigidity of a specialized shalow water vessel for the treatment ofwaste waters. It will be located in the marshy area of Cienaga de Zapata, Cuba, for this reason highly durable and resistantmaterials to the action of such aggressive environment are used. We are dealing with plastics and glass fiber due to the highweight in the cover the calculation is not established by Ships Registrations and therefore became necessary to carried outthe complete vessel calculation with this orthotropic material. It was neccesary applied the Finite Elements Method bymeans of a computation program. We arrived to the complete design of different parts of the vessel with this complexmaterial. It has already been built and it is in operation.Key words: Finite element, vessel, water treatment, PRFV.

APLICACIÓN METODOLÓGICA PARA OBTENER MODELOS DIGITALES DE ELEVACIÓN -MDE- DE ESCALA LOCAL EN ZONAS DE HUMEDALES

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QUINTERO DEIBY ALEJANDRO

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Para el entendimiento de los sistemas hidrológicos y la descripción de los procesos ce flujo que se dan entre sus componentes, es fundamental contar con una descripción fisiográfica que comprenda la caracterización hidrográfica. Morfomètrica y del relieve Cuando se van a adelantar estudios locales, la cartografía básica disponible. en el mejor de los casos a escala 1:25.000, suele no obedecer a las necesidades requeridas para representar de forma adecuada, la dinámica hídrica que caracteriza las interacciones entre corrientes de agua, acuíferos y cuerpos lénticos en zonas planas, particularmente, en aquellas donde existen humedales asociados a antiguas llanuras de inundación de ríos Limitaciones para resolver esta situación la constituyen la escasez de recursos financieros para obtener nueva y suficiente información, acorde con la escala de los proyectos locales. En la búsqueda de alternativas, las condiciones geomorfológicas de zonas con relieve plano brindan una oportunidad para la "construcción" de nuevos calos Con la cartografía básica disponible y estos catos. utilizando las herramientas de modelación espacial acopladas a los SIG. se puede obtener Modelos Digitales de Elevación -MDE- mejorados y concordantes con las cinámicas de flujo superficial y subterráneo del sistema hidrológico. En este articulo, se presenta una aplicación metodológica en este sentido, para el entorno geográfico ce la7ona de captura del humedal Ciénaga Colombia en el Bajo Cauca antioqueño.

Variación espacio-temporal de plantas vasculares acuáticas en el complejo cenagoso del bajo Sinú, Córdoba, Colombia

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Nabi Del Socorro Pérez-Vásquez

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Se determinó la variación espacio temporal de las plantas vasculares acuáticas en las ciénagas de María Arriba, San Sebastián, Purísima y Momil del complejo cenagoso del bajo Sinú (CCBS, en el departamento de Córdoba (Colombia, abarcando los periodos hidrológicos ocurridos durante el año 2011. El área de estudio se dividió en cuatro sectores y mediante el método de intercepción en línea se determinó la abundancia y frecuencia de las hidrófitas. En cada sector se extendió una línea de 200 m perpendicular al litoral y sobre ella se ubicaron cuadrantes de 1 m2 cada 50 m, en los que, se determinó la cobertura y frecuencia de las diferentes especies  Se registraron 39659 individuos distribuidos en 24 familias, 30 géneros y 35 especies. La mayor abundancia de especies se presentó en Momil con 18582 individuos, siendo la familia Lemnaceae la más representativa. El análisis de varianza (ANOVA indica que no existen diferencias estadísticas significativas en la abundancia de la especies de plantas acuáticas de los  meses de muestreo (F=1,04; GL=11; p = 0,083, sin embargo, se evidenció la incidencia del período hidrológico sobre la dinámica de crecimiento de las plantas, algunas especies desaparecen en época seca, otras sobreviven un periodo corto de tiempo, mientras que otras como Lemna minor L y Salvinia auriculata Aubl aumentan en época de lluvia.

KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN HASIL TANGKAPAN SAMPINGAN TUNA LONGLINE DI SAMUDERA HINDIA

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Budi Nugraha

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Tuna longline atau rawai tuna merupakan salah satu alat tangkap yang sangat efektif untuk menangkap tuna. Selain efektif alat tangkap ini juga merupakan alat tangkap yang selektif terhadap hasil tangkapannya. Namun demikian, alat tangkap ini masih menimbulkan suatu masalah dimana ikan hasil tangkapan yang diperoleh tidak semuanya merupakan hasil tangkapan utama (target species, ada sebagian yang merupakan hasil tangkapan sampingan (by-catch. Sebagian besar hasil tangkapan sampingan tuna longline memiliki nilai ekonomis, hanya jenis pari lumpur dan ikan naga yang tidak memiliki nilai ekonomis. Namun demikian, justru yang tidak memiliki nilai ekonomis mendominasi hasil tangkapan sampingan pada perikanan tuna longline. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya tindak lanjut dengan menyusun peraturan atau regulasi yang terkait dengan pengelolaan ikan hasil tangkapan sampingan dan pengelolaan yang benar terhadap hasil tangkapan tersebut beserta habitatnya agar terjaga kelestarian sumberdayanya dan juga tetap menjadi sumber pendapatan masyarakat.Tulisan ini membahas secara ringkas tentang isu hasil tangkapan sampingan pada perikanan tuna longline, komposisi jenisnya, pemanfaatannya dan kebijakannya. Tuna longline is one of the most effective fishing gears to catch tuna. In addition, this fishing gear is selective to catch tuna. However, this gear is still causing a problem where some species other than their target species were caught as by-catch. Most of by-catch species from the tuna longliners have an economic value, except pelagic stingrays and lancetfish. In fact, these by-catch species (non economical-valued species dominated the longline catch. Therefore, it is needed to develop rules or regulations related to the management of the fish by-products, and properly manage the fishing activities on these by-catch species and habitat preservation to preserve its resources and also remain as a source of income. This paper briefly discusses the issue of by

SIFAT KIMIA SELAI BUAH NAGA, KOMPOSISI MIKROFLORA DAN PROFIL SCFA FESES RELAWAN [Chemical Properties of Drugon Fruit Jam, Microflora Composition and SCFA Profile of Human Volunteer Faecal

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Nurhayati

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Dragon fruit contains oligosaccharides, Including prebiotic ingredients, that are namely raffinose, stachyose, and fructo-oligosaccharides. The heat treatment process like jam producing can affect the functional properties of a food material. The aim of the research wereto know the effect of jam processing on chemical properties, and their prebiotic properties. Evaluation of the prebiotic properties was conducted by in vivo method i.e. probiotic and enterobacteria population of volunteers faecal (microflora composition, prebiotic index (PI value and Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA profile. The result showed that the processing of dragon fruit into jams decreased water content, β-sianin and dissolved particles but increased the Insoluble Indigestible Fraction (IIF. The PI value of dragon fruit jam were 1.70 for white dragon jam and 1.18 for red dragon fruit. The jam processing decreased PI value up to 0.49 (red dragon fruit jam and 0.54 (white dragon fruit jam. The fresh dragon fruit and the jam produced short chain fatty acid (SCFA i.e. acetic and propionic acid. It can be concluded that prebiotic properties of white dragon fruit better than red dragon fruit.

Dėl indoeuropiečių „ugnies“ vardų

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Vytautas Mažiulis

2011-12-01

Full Text Available ON THE INDO-EUROPEAN NAMES FOR ‘FIRE’SummaryThe Indo-Europeans used ‘fire’ in two main meanings: a ‘hearth (→ camp fire’ (‘I fire’ and b ‘lightening-thunder (→ blaze fire’ (‘II fire’. Both I.-E. fires are taboo, especially ‘II fire’; this is why it was very open to euphemism and mythologisation. It seems, that both I.-E. fire names later experienced certain contaminations in dialects, in some places reflected by ‘I fire’, and elsewhere by ‘II fire’.The archaic Lith. ugnìs (= Latv. *ugnis most likely derives from I.-E. *n̥gni-, which gave rise to b.-sl. *ungnis, turning this into b.-sl. *ugnis (> Lith. ugnìs, etc. due to the loss of the root’s nasality from alliteral dissimilation (AD. The AD rule influenced not only Baltic and Slavic words, but other Indo-European words with root alliteration.The I.-E. * n̥gni- (‘I fire’ is most likely linked with I.-E. *angli- ‘hearth (ember fire’ having the apophonic root I.-E. *ang- (> Lith. anglìs ‘coal’, etc.. They can both presuppose the ‘I fire’ synonymous heteroclit forms n̥g-i/n-and *ang-i/l-, which are derived from heteroclit I.-E. forms of non I.-E. verb. * n̥g-//*ang-.The component titi- of the Lith. (dial. compound titi-nagas and component Tit- of Lith. hydronyms quite clearly presupposes the I.-E. ‘II fire’ heteroclit *titi-, which is a derivative of the I.-E. formant *-i/n- from non I.-E. verb. *tit-, meaning ‘to gleam (to lighten’.It seems that the the above-mentioned I-E. ‘II fire’ was older than I.-E. r/n- heteroclit ‘II fire’, which due to its strong taboo was euphemistically reworked from *peHur- /*peHun- to *peHnu- (metathesis > *penu- > West Balt. *panu ‘fire’.

Red pitaya juice supplementation ameliorates energy balance homeostasis by modulating obesity-related genes in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome rats.

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Ramli, Nurul Shazini; Ismail, Patimah; Rahmat, Asmah

2016-07-26

Red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) or known as buah naga merah in Malay belongs to the cactus family, Cactaceae. Red pitaya has been shown to give protection against liver damage and may reduce the stiffness of the heart. Besides, the beneficial effects of red pitaya against obesity have been reported; however, the mechanism of this protection is not clear. Therefore, in the present study, we have investigated the red pitaya-targeted genes in obesity using high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome rat model. A total of four groups were tested: corn-starch (CS), corn-starch + red pitaya juice (CRP), high-carbohydrate, high-fat (HCHF) and high-carbohydrate, high-fat + red pitaya juice (HRP). The intervention with 5 % red pitaya juice was continued for 8 weeks after 8 weeks initiation of the diet. Retroperitoneal, epididymal and omental fat pads were collected and weighed. Plasma concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured using commercial kits. Gene expression analysis was conducted using RNA extracted from liver samples. A total of eighty-four genes related to obesity were analyzed using PCR array. The rats fed HCHF-diet for 16 weeks increased body weight, developed excess abdominal fat deposition and down-regulated the expression level of IL-1α, IL-1r1, and Cntfr as compared to the control group. Supplementation of red pitaya juice for 8 weeks increased omental and epididymal fat but no change in retroperitoneal fat was observed. Red pitaya juice reversed the changes in energy balance homeostasis in liver tissues by regulation of the expression levels of Pomc and Insr. The increased protein expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in HCHF group and red pitaya treated rats confirmed the results of gene expression. Collectively, this study revealed the usefulness of this diet-induced rat model and the beneficial effects of red pitaya on energy balance homeostasis by modulating the anorectic, orexigenic and energy expenditure related

UJI VIABILITAS DAN PERKEMBANGAN SERBUK SARI BUAH NAGA PUTIH (HYLOCEREUS UNDATUS (HAW. BRITTON & ROSE, MERAH (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS (WEB. BRITTON & ROSE DAN SUPER MERAH (HYLOCEREUS COSTARICENSIS (WEB. BRITTON & ROSE SETELAH PENYIMPANAN

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NI KADEK YUNITA SARI

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of the research was to determine pollen viability, pollen tube length and pollen development of white, red and super red dragon fruit after storage at different temperatures and times. The method used to test pollen viability was hanging drop technique and to observe the development of pollen used acetolysis techniques. The results showed viability and pollen tube length of white, red and super red dragon fruit after storage at temperature of 10° C and -20° C for 1, 2 and 3 weeks decreased (66% and 25%, tended to increase (2% after 4 weeks. Viability and pollen tube length decreased (100% after storage at 30° C for 4 weeks. Pollen development of white, red and super red dragon fruit after storage at 30°C, 10°C and -20°C for 1 to 4 weeks showed the majority of pollen consists of uninucleat and binucleat.

DIVERSIFIKASI OLAHAN BERBASIS IKAN PATIN DI DESA JINGAH HABANG HILIR KECAMATAN KARANG INTAN KABUPATEN BANJAR KALIMANTAN SELATAN

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Purnomo Purnomo

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Alih teknologi pengolahan dalam rangka diversifikasi  produk olahan berbasis ikan patin di Kabupaten Banjar masih sangat dibutuhkan untuk memperkenalkan pada para pengolah dan konsumen mengenai jenis-jenis produk olahan siap saji. Diversifikasi olahan ikan patin dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah dan sekaligus meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat perikanan di Desa Jingah Habang Hilir. Sehingga, pemahaman tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai suatu tindakan alternatif dalam pengolahan dan pengawetan ikan patin semi modern yang bermutu dalam mencukupi kebutuhan protein  pada saat paceklik ikan. Program peningkatan keterampilan dengan melalui penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pembinaan bagi masyarakat tersebut ternyata harus sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan karakteristik masyarakat itu sendiri sebagai pelaku usaha bukanlah hal yang mudah. Sekalipun khalayak sasaran sebagai mitra kerja sudah terbiasa memanfaatkan ikan patin dengan variasi produk olahan ternyata hasil evaluasi sangat membutuhkan acuan, format / model dan arahan praktis untuk membuat produk siap saji seperti bakso, nugget dan kaki naga berbasis ikan patin guna pengembangan potensi sumberdaya perairan secara optimal. Instead of processing technologies in order to fish based processed products diversification catfish in Banjar Regency is still urgently needed to introduce on the processors and consumers about the kinds of products processed fast-food restaurant.  Diversification of processed fish catfish can increase the added value and the economy while increasing the Community fishery in the village of Jingah Habang Hilir with chillies downstream.  Such understanding can serve as an alternative in action processing and preserving fish quality semi modern catfish in sufficient protein needs at the time of paceklik fishes.  Skill enhancement programs through outreach, training and coaching for the community must  be in accordance with tha needs and characteristics of the community itself as

Leveraging Social Networking Sites for an Autoimmune Hepatitis Genetic Repository: Pilot Study to Evaluate Feasibility.

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Comerford, Megan; Fogel, Rachel; Bailey, James Robert; Chilukuri, Prianka; Chalasani, Naga; Lammert, Craig Steven

2018-01-18

patients. Facebook can be an effective ancillary tool for facilitating patient-oriented research in rare diseases. A social media-based approach transcends established limitations in rare disease research and can further develop research communities. ©Megan Comerford, Rachel Fogel, James Robert Bailey, Prianka Chilukuri, Naga Chalasani, Craig Steven Lammert. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 18.01.2018.

Multisite Semiautomated Clinical Data Repository for Duplication 15q Syndrome: Study Protocol and Early Uses.

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Ajayi, Oluwaseun Jessica; Smith, Ebony Jeannae; Viangteeravat, Teeradache; Huang, Eunice Y; Nagisetty, Naga Satya V Rao; Urraca, Nora; Lusk, Laina; Finucane, Brenda; Arkilo, Dimitrios; Young, Jennifer; Jeste, Shafali; Thibert, Ronald; Reiter, Lawrence T

2017-10-18

, Eunice Y Huang, Naga Satya V Rao Nagisetty, Nora Urraca, Laina Lusk, Brenda Finucane, Dimitrios Arkilo, Jennifer Young, Shafali Jeste, Ronald Thibert, The Dup15q Alliance, Lawrence T Reiter. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 18.10.2017.

UN ENCUENTRO DE ARQUEOLOGÍAS: RESCATES Y ESTUDIO DE COLECCIONES DEL INICIO DEL PERÍODO TARDÍO (CA. SIGLOS XI-XIII (CATAMARCA, ARGENTINA / An encounter of archaeologies: rescues and study of collections of the Late Period beginning (ca. XI-XIII centuries

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Valeria Palamarczuk

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Se expone una estrategia de trabajo en la que convergen dos líneas de la práctica arqueológica actual: los rescates arqueológicos y el estudio de colecciones de museos. Luego de una breve presentación de la categoría arqueológica “Hualfín”, se presentan tres rescates de entierros en “urnas Hualfín”, realizados en el marco de estudios de impacto arqueológico en las localidades de Los Nacimientos y La Ciénaga del Medio, en el valle de Hualfín, provincia de Catamarca. Las tres urnas son comparadas, mediante un ejercicio de morfometría estadístico, con una muestra de 77 urnas “Hualfín” y “Shiquimil” relevadas en museos. Los ejemplares que componen la muestra provienen de los valles de Hualfín, Yocavil, del Cajón y Andalgalá. La comparación con la base de datos contribuye a la contextualización regional de las urnas rescatadas y a la observación de tendencias estéticas compartidas con el conjunto. Los tres fechados radiocarbónicos obtenidos por AMS permiten ubicar a los eventos funerarios entre los siglos XI y XII y aportan a la discusión sobre la cronología del conjunto.  AbstractWe present a working strategy which integrates two lines in the current archaeological practice: archaeological rescues and study of museum collections. After a brief presentation of the archaeological category "Hualfín" three burials rescues in "Hualfín urns" are presented. The rescues were carried out in the frame of archaeological impact studies made in the towns of Los Nacimientos and La Cienega del Medio, in the Hualfín valley, Catamarca province. The three urns are compared, by a statistical morphometric exercise, with a sample of 77 "Hualfín" and "Shiquimil" urns registered in museums. The specimens come from the valleys of Hualfín, Yocavil, el Cajón and Andalgalá. The comparison with the database contributes to the regional contextualization of the three findings and to the observation of aesthetic trends shared with

Moluscos; anélidos y crustáceos asociados a las raíces de Rhizophora mangle linnaeus, en la región de Santa Marta, caribe colombiano Moluscos; anélidos y crustáceos asociados a las raíces de Rhizophora mangle Linnaeus, en la región de Santa Marta, caribe colombiano

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Reyes Rosalba

1992-09-01

Full Text Available A qualitative and quantitative study of the community of macro invertebrates associated to the submerged stilt roots of the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle Linnaeus, 1753, was carried out trimonthly between December 1988 and September 1989, in three stations at the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM and three at the Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona (PNNT, Bahia de Chengue, Bahia de Nenguange, Colombian Caribbean. 181 species were determined: 99 crustaceans, 50 molluscs and 32 annellids. Most of the 26.729 individuals counted were crustaceans (12.213 moluscs (11.635 and annellids (2.881. The lowest diversity and evenness values, and the highest dominance values were found at the CGSM, while the opposite occurred at the PNNT. Moreover, cluster analysis showed that at the CGSM temporal variations in community composition were greater than spatial ones, while at the PNNT spatial differences were stronger. Other factors that could be importantin determinig community structure were detected, such as vecinity to other ecosystems and/or species- specific biological aspects as adaptations to fluctuating conditions, reproductive acti vities, feeding habits and migration to protected and shaded habitats. Se realizó un estudio trimestral cualitativo y cuantitativo de la comunidad de moluscos, anélidos y crustáceos asociados a las raíces sumergidas del mangle rojo, Rhizophora mangle Linnaeus, entre diciembre de 1988 y septiembre de 1989, en tres estaciones en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM y tres en el Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona (PNNT, Bahía de Chengue y Bahía de Nenguange, Caribe colombiano. Se determinaron 181 especies: 99 crustáceos, 50 moluscos y 32 anélidos. En total se contaron 26.729 individuos: 12.213 crustáceos, 11.635 moluscos y 2.881 anélidos. Los valores más bajos de diversidad y equitatividad, y los mayores valores de dominancia, se encontraron en la CGSM, mientras que lo opuesto ocurrió en el PNNT. El análisis de

Evaluación del proteinograma plasmático del cocodrilo cubano (Crocodylus rhombifer

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Vivian Morera

2016-09-01

Full Text Available El cocodrilo cubano (Crocodylus rhombifer es una especie endémica de Cuba y en Peligro Crítico de extinción. Con el objetivo de preservar esta especie en la Ciénaga de Zapata, Matanzas, Cuba se mantiene una población en cautiverio. El manejo de una especie en esta categoría tiene como componente esencial el conocimiento del estado de salud de los animales en las diferentes etapas de la vida. El estudio de las proteínas plasmáticas constituye una herramienta eficaz en la clínica veterinaria para determinar la presencia de enfermedades en los cocodrilos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el proteinograma plasmático en cuanto a la concentración total de proteínas en el plasma de Crocodylus rhombifer y a las concentraciones de sus fracciones proteicas. Las muestras se tomaron de 35 ejemplares cautivos clínicamente sanos, divididos en dos categorías: juvenil (n=20 y sub-adulto (n=15. Adicionalmente, se tomaron muestras de 8 ejemplares procedentes del medio natural. La concentración total de proteínas en el plasma se determinó mediante el método colorimétrico del ácido bicinconílico. Las proteínas del plasma fueron fraccionadas empleando electroforesis en geles de agarosa y electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida en presencia de dodecil sulfato sódico. Mediante espectrometría de masas se identificaron las principales proteínas plasmáticas. La identificación por espectrometría de masas mostró la presencia de albúmina fosforilada en el plasma de los animales. Los valores de concentración total de proteínas y de albúmina fueron mayores en los animales cautivos que en los de medio natural, siendo más altos los de la categoría sub-adulto. Contrariamente, las γ globulinas presentaron mayores valores de concentración en los animales procedentes del medio natural. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la concentración de las fracciones proteicas entre animales en las distintas etapas del desarrollo. En la

Distribución espacio-temporal de aves acuáticas invernantes en la Ciénega de Tláhuac, planicie lacustre de Chalco, México Spatio-temporal distribution of wintering aquatic birds in the Ciénega de Tláhuac, Chalco lacustrine plain, Mexico

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Víctor Ayala-Pérez

2013-03-01

Full Text Available La avifauna acuática invernal de la ciénaga de Tláhuac fue estudiada de noviembre de 2006 a febrero de 2007; se identificaron 40 especies, 3 de las cuales corresponden a nuevos registros. El área fue utilizada por, al menos, 25 000 aves acuáticas; 5 fueron las especies dominantes: 3 anátidos (Anas clypeata, A. platyrhynchos diazi y Oxyura jamaicensis, 1 ave playera (Limnodromus scolopaceus y 1 gallareta (Fulica americana. Sobresalió por su abundancia A. platyrhynchos diazi, subespecie endémica y amenazada, ya que los 2 200 individuos observados representan el 4% de la población total estimada. Las especies mejor representadas mostraron una utilización espacial diferencial, con 3 patrones: 1 especies con distribución uniforme (A. clypeata y F. americana, 2 las agrupadas en una sola porción del humedal (A.p. diazi y O. jamaicensis y 3 aquella con afinidad por 2 porciones del humedal (L. scolopaceus. La ciénega de Tláhuac es un humedal importante para la avifauna de la región; en ella ocurren, durante el invierno, 6 especies protegidas por el gobierno mexicano; sin embargo, existen factores antrópicos que ponen en riesgo su integridad y que hacen necesarias acciones de protección y conservación.The winter waterbirds of the Ciénega de Tláhuac were studied from November 2006 to February 2007; a total of 40 species were observed, with 3 new records. The area was usedby al least 25 000 birds; 5 species were the dominant: 3 anatids (Anas clypeata, A. platyrhynchos diazi y Oxyura jamaicensis, 1 shorebird (Limnodromus scolopaceus and 1 coot (Fulica americana. The abundance of A. platyrhynchos diazi, a threatened endemic subspecies, was remarkable because the 2 200 individuals observed represent 4% of its population.The best represented species showed a differential spatial use, with 3 patterns: 1 species with homogeneous use (A. clypeata y F. americana, 2 with affinity to a single portion of the wetland (A. p. diazi y O. jamaicensis

Reseñas

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HC Reseñas

2010-02-01

Full Text Available SÁNCHEZ PÉREZ, Francisco. Historia del Mundo Contemporáneo. Madrid, Oxford University Press España, 1999. [Selección de textos a cargo de Ana Martínez Rus]. CUENCA TORIBIO, José Manuel y MIRANDA GARCÍA, Soledad. El poder y sus hombres. ¿Por quiénes hemos sido gobernados los españoles? (1705-1998. Madrid, Actas, 1998. FORCADELL, Carlos (ed. Nacionalismo e Historia. Zaragoza, Institución "Fernando el Católico", 1998. BUTRÓN PRIDA, Gonzalo. La ocupación francesa de España (1823-1828. Cádiz, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad, 1997. VEGA GEL, Leoncio (coord. Pablo Montesino y la modernización educativa en España. Instituto de Estudios Zamoranos "Florián de Ocampo" (CSIC, Diputación de Zamora, Caja España, Zamora, 1998. MORALES MUÑOZ, Manuel. El republicanismo malagueño en el siglo XIX. Propaganda doctrinal, prácticas políticas y formas de sociabilidad. Málaga, Asukaría Mediterránea, 1999. LARRÍNAGA RODRÍGUEZ, Carlos. La Liga Cantábrica y el comercio del Norte de España afínales del siglo XLX. Irún, Casino de Irún, 1999. CAYUELA FERNÁNDEZ, José G. (coord. Un siglo de España: Centenario, 1898-1998. (En colaboración con la Universidad de la Habana. Cuenca, Eds. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha y Cortes de Castilla-La Mancha, 1998. REQUENA GALLEGO, Manuel (coord. La Guerra Civil Española y las Brigadas Internacionales. Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 1998. DE LA GRANJA, José Luis y ECHÁNIZ, José Ángel (dirs. Guernika y la guerra civil (Gernikazarra Bilduma, ns 1. Bilbao, 1998. FERNÁNDEZ SORIA, J.M. y AGULLÓ DÍAZ, M. del Carmen. Maestros valencianos bajo el franquismo. La depuración del Magisterio: 1939-1944. Valencia, Diputació de Valencia-Institució Alfons el Magnanim, 1999. YUSTA RODRIGO, Mercedes. La guerra de los vencidos. El maquis en el Maestrazgo turolense, 1940-1950. Zaragoza, Institución "Fernando el Católico", 1999. BABIANO MORA, José. Paternalismo industrial y

Amenazas naturales asociadas al ascenso del nivel del mar en Caribe Colombiano

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Kim Gregory Robertson

2003-01-01

sufrirán encharcamiento fuerte a inundación y 2336 Km2 presentarán encharcamiento leve a moderado. Además de numerosos áreas urbanos, la erosión litoral y/o inundación progresiva afectarán potenciahnente amplias zonas rurales y ecosistemas estratégicos como deltas, manglares y ciénagas.

Variación espacial y temporal en los contenidos de mercurio, plomo, cromo y materia orgánica en sedimento del complejo de humedales de Ayapel, Córdoba, noroccidente colombiano

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Alex Fernando Rúa Cardona

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Las planicies de inundación atlánticas colombianas están impactadas por la minería aurífera artesanal desarrollada durante las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, la contaminación local por mercurio ha sido comparada con niveles de acción de otras latitudes y no se han incluido otros metales de interés sanitario en las investigaciones. El presente estudio contribuyó al conocimiento de la respuesta geoquímica espacial inducida por el pulso hidrológico y la composición de materia orgánica (MO en el área de influencia del complejo de humedales de Ayapel. Se evaluó la distribución espacial y temporal de mercurio (Hg, plomo (Pb, cromo (Cr y MO en el sedimento reciente del complejo cenagoso de Ayapel y se contrastó con el nivel de referencia de contaminación local por Hg (0,032 μg g-1, Pb (2,39 μg g-1 y Cr (89,58 μg g-1 determinado en la Formación Betulia. Los rangos de los tres metales fueron: 0,008-0,117 μg Hg g-1; 1,090-11,870 μg Pb g-1 y 5,350- 93,430 μg Cr g-1. El Hg mostró la mayor variabilidad espacial (0,083 ± 0,064 μg g-1 y niveles superiores en el afluente del frente de explotación aurífera en la década del 80. En comparación con el nivel de referencia, el 91 % del sedimento reciente presentó enriquecimiento por Pb (6,376 ± 4,048 μg g-1 y el 66,6 % enriquecimiento por Hg. En contraste, el contenido de Cr fue relativamente bajo (96,325 ± 29,868 μg g-1 y presentó tendencia a disminuir de oriente a occidente. El sedimento fue predominantemente inorgánico, con porcentajes medios de cenizas de 88,154 ± 3,822 % y escasos niveles de MO (11,846 ± 3,822 %. Se presume el aumento en la movilidad del Hg debido a la alta tasa de respiración de MO en la zona central del espejo de agua principal de la ciénaga de Ayapel. La resuspensión y migración de sedimentos contaminados es facilitada por la inestabilidad térmica de la columna de agua influenciada por la acción del viento.

Los ecosistemas marinos y costeros.

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Comité Editorial Gestión y Ambiente

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Apreciado lector. Como lo habíamos anunciado, este número de la Revista Gestión y Ambiente centra su atención en los ecosistemas acuáticos continentales y el último número del año 2008 se referirá a los ecosistemas marinos y costeros. El agua es un recurso esencial para los seres vivos; se compone de hidrógeno y de oxígeno, contiene gases y nutrientes, partículas suspendidas vivas y no vivas, y físicamente, es permeada por la luz y el calor. Sólo una parte pequeña del agua del planeta es dulce. Los ríos, lagos y ciénagas del paisaje terrestre son ecosistemas donde interactúan lo vivo y lo no- vivo; y a través del agua, se mueve la materia y fluye la energía. Lo vivo está influido por el agua, pero, a su vez. el agua también lo esta por lo vivo. El agua dulce está en riesgo por la actividad del hombre quien la requiere, la usa, la contamina y la descontamina. Por ello, el conocimiento de los ambientes acuáticos es fundamental. En esta perspectiva, el agua dulce requiere ser estudiada para su aprovechamiento sostenible. Sin embargo, los niveles actuales de contaminación hacen indispensable no sólo su estudio hidrológico- biológico- ecológico, sino también el análisis de la cantidad de agua, su calidad y los procesos de saneamiento. Es igualmente fundamental la gestión del recurso hídrico, teniendo en cuenta los aspectos humanos, económicos y socio- ambientales. Por lo anterior las ciencias naturales, las ingenierías sanitaria y ambiental, y las ciencias sociales deben unir esfuerzos para estudiar los ecosistemas acuáticos con miras a su sostenibilidad, uso, reuso y protección. Además, como temas complementarios, la Revista entrega artículos que amplían temas tratados en números anteriores: • La contaminación atmosférica, con los resultados de dos investigaciones desarrollados en el Area Metropolitana del Valle de Aburra, y • La problemática de los riesgos con un

Histoire tertiaire de l'Arche de Brahmaputra ; son rôle dans la prospection des hydrocarbures du Haut Assam (Inde (résumé Tertiary History of Brahmaputra Arch. Its Role in Hydrocarbon Prospects of Upper Assam, India (Abstract

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Murty K. N.

2006-10-01

Full Text Available On analyse l'histoire tertiaire de la plate-forme du Haut Assam (Inde et on discute les facteurs géologiques responsables du caractère pétrolier de cette importante province ainsi que ses relations avec la ceinture mobile de Naga au Sud-Est et avec l'avant-fosse himalayenne au Nord-Ouest. A cette intention, on a préparé des cartes paléologiques pour différentes formations dans la vallée supérieure de l'Assam, basées sur de nombreux puits et levers géophysiques. A partir de ces cartes, on a construit une série de coupes paléogéologiques pour illustrer l'évolution structurale de la plate-forme du haut Assam. Cette étude montre que la structure régionale de la haute vallée de l'Assam est en subsurface une arche large - l'Arche de Brahrnaputra - parallèle à, et juste au sud de la rivière Brahmaputra, formée par un double basculernent opposé : un ancien talus vers le Sud-Est durant le Paléogène et l'autre tourné vers le Nord-Ouest pendant le Mio-Pliocène. On peut identifier deux phases de migration des hydrocarbures. L'étude permet l'affirmation d'objectifs futurs en Haut Assam. Cette arche a une histoire géologique voisine de celle de l'arche de Bend du centre-nord du Texas et de l'arche de Hunton-Seminole-Ozark en Oklahoma où de riches gisements ont été trouvés dans presque tous les terrains impliqués dans le bombement. The Tertiary history of Upper Assam shelf, India is analysed. The geological factors responsible for making this an important petroleum province and ifs relationship with the Nago mobile belt in the south-east and the Himalayan fore deep in the north-vvest ore discussed. Sub-crop maps of différent geological formations in Upper Assam Valley based on a number of drilled wells and various geophysical surveys ore prepared for this purpose. From these maps, a series of palaeogeological sections are constructed to illustrate the structural evolution of the Upper Assam shelf. The study reveals thot the

Book Reviews

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Redactie KITLV

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Chris Ballard, Paula Brown, R. Michael Bourke, Tracy Harwood (eds; The sweet potato in Oceania; A reappraisal (Peter Boomgaard Caroline Hughes; The political economy of Cambodia’s transition, 1991-2001 (Han Ten Brummelhuis Richard Robison, Vedi Hadiz; Reorganising power in Indonesia; The politics of oligarchy in an age of markets (Marleen Dieleman Michael W. Charney; Southeast Asian warfare, 1300-1900 (Hans Hägerdal Daniel Perret, Amara Srisuchat, Sombun Thanasuk (eds; Études sur l´histoire du sultanat de Patani (Mary Somers Heidhues Joel Robbins; Becoming sinners; Christianity and moral torment in a Papua New Guinea society (Menno Hekker Mujiburrahman; Feeling threatened; Muslim-Christian relations in Indonesia’s New Order (Gerry van Klinken Marie-Odette Scalliet; De Collectie-Galestin in de Leidse Universiteitsbibliotheek (Dick van der Meij James Neil Sneddon; Colloquial Jakartan Indonesian (Don van Minde James Leach; Creative land; Place and procreation on the Rai coast of Papua New Guinea (Dianne van Oosterhout Stanley J. Ulijaszek (ed.; Population, reproduction and fertility in Melanesia (Dianne van Oosterhout Angela Hobart; Healing performances of Bali; Between darkness and light (Nathan Porath Leo Suryadinata (ed.; Admiral Zheng He and Southeast Asia (Roderich Ptak Ruth Barnes; Ostindonesien im 20. Jahrhundert; Auf den Spuren der Sammlung Ernst Vatter (Reimar Schefold Marie-Antoinette Willemsen; Een missionarisleven in brieven; Willem van Bekkum, Indië 1936-1998 (Karel Steenbrink Marie-Antoinette Willemsen; Een pionier op Flores; Jilis Verheijen (1908-1997, missionaris en onderzoeker (Karel Steenbrink Akitoshi Shimizu, Jan van Bremen (eds; Wartime Japanese anthropology in Asia and the Pacific (Fridus Steijlen Lilie Roosman; Phonetic experiments on the word and sentence prosody of Betawi Malay and Toba Batak (Uri Tadmor Jamie D. Saul; The Naga of Burma; Their festivals, customs

Expanding horizons

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Editor

2009-01-01

, isolated they need suitable media for expansion and delivery. Dr. H.N. Madhavan et al article describes the use of such a medium (Mebiol Gel for transplanting corneal limbal stem cells. Even if cells are ready for delivery, we should first have suitable animal models to test them and the article Garikipati Venkata Naga Srikanth et al is a good article describing are such animal model, that can be used to testing efficacy of stem cell. Aoyama et al article on using cell therapy for avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head reiterates the fact that stem cell therapy has a potential to cure a wide range of diseases and encourages all of us to continue in our guest to take stem cell therapy to treat hither to untreatable diseases. The article by Senthil Kumar Pazhanisamy et al highlights the fact that our current understanding of genome instabilities is limited. It is my personal opinion that with a better understanding of genome organization (which may take several years we can possibly predict the occurrence of tumorogenesis and reject such stem cells obtained at source from possible use in therapy. So that we would have no more cases of tumors post stem cell therapy Happy reading! Yours sincerely,The Editorial team.

Patrones de crecimiento postnatal en ocho especies de garzas (Ciconiiformes: Ardeidae

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Dennis Denis Ávila

2011-06-01

Full Text Available El crecimiento en aves forma parte de las estrategias reproductivas y su implicación ecológica ha sido profundamente debatida. En este trabajo se describe el crecimiento del pico, peso y tarso de ocho garzas (Aves: Ardeidae en la ciénaga de Birama, Cuba. Para ello, entre 1998-2006, se midieron en días alternos un total de 714 pichones de Butorides virescens, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta thula, E. tricolor, E. caerulea, E. rufescens, Ardea alba y Nycticorax nycticorax, durante sus dos primeras semanas de vida. Se hicieron ajustes a las curvas Logística y de Gompertz y se usó regresiones no lineales y valores adultos como asíntotas, además se determinaron las variables que describenel crecimiento. El tamaño de los pichones al eclosionar fue similar al encontrado en otras localidades, con CV entre 10-19% y diferencias relativas al tamaño adulto. Las ecuaciones de Gompertz tuvieron menos residuos en todos los casos. Entonces, se identificaron dos procesos fundamentales de extensión en el crecimiento de cada estructura: uno físico y otro de duración, entre B. virescens y E. alba. Nycticorax, B. ibis y E. rufescens mostraron variaciones que los diferenciaron del resto. Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis de la microevolución de Ardeidae por hipermorfosis, por un retardo en el momento final del crecimiento.Postnatal growth patterns in eight species of herons and egrets (Ciconiiformes: Ardeidae. Avian postnatal growth has received considerable attention and its ecological implications have been deeply analyzed. In this current paper, I describe the patterns of culmen and tarsus growth, as well as of weight gain patterns in eight species of herons and egrets (Aves: Ardeidae found in the Birama Swamp in Eastern Cuba. Between 1998 and 2006, 714 nestlings of the following species were measured every two days: Butorides virescens, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta thula, E. tricolor, E. caerulea, E. rufescens, Ardea alba and Nycticorax nycticorax. Logistic and

Reseñas

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HC Reseñas

2010-02-01

Full Text Available DE LA GRATSJA, José Luis, REIG TAPIA, Alberto y MIRALLES, Ricardo (eds. Tuñón de Lara y la historiografía española. Siglo XXI. Madrid, 1999. CUENCA TORIBIO, José Manuel. Catolicismo contemporáneo de España y Europa. Encuentros y divergencias. Encuentro. Madrid, 1999. MARTÍN, Luis R (ed. Les francs-maçons dans la cité. Les cultures politiques de la Franc-maçonnerie en Europe. xixe-xxe siècle. Presses Universitaires. Rennes, 2000. CATROGA, Fernando. O Céu da Memoria. Cemitério Romántico e Culto Cívico dos Morios. Minerva. Coimbra, 1999. NARBAYEV, Nazym B. Russia and Eurasia: the Problem of the State Systems. Second Half of the Nineteenth-Early Twentieth Century. Nauka. Moscú, 1999. ESTEBAN DE VEGA, Mariano y MORALES MOYA, Antonio (eds. Los fines de siglo en España y Portugal. II Encuentro de Historia Comparada. Universidad. Jaén, 1999. BOSWELL, Laird. Rural Communism in France, 1920-1939. Cornell University Press. Ithaca y Londres, 1998. DENÉCHÈRE, Yves. La politique espagnole de la France de 1931 à 1936. Une pratique française de rapports inégaux. L'Harmattan. Paris, 1999. AYMES, Jean-René y SAIAÜN, Serge (eds. Être espagnol. Presses de la Sorbonne Nouvelle. Paris, 2000. SHUBERT, Adrian. Death and Money in the Afternoon: A History of the Spanish Bullfight. Oxford University Press. New York, 1999. RISQUES, Manel (dir., DUARTE, Ángel, RIQUER, Borja de, y ROIG ROSICH, Josep M. Historia de la Catalunya Contemporània. Portic-Biblioteca Universitaria. Barcelona, 1999. VV. AA. Clásicos sociales contemporáneos. Servicio Editorial de la Universidad del País Vasco. Bilbao, 2000. DIAZ HERNANDEZ, Onésimo. Los Marqueses de Urquijo. El apogeo de una saga poderosa y los inicios del Banco Urquijo, 1870-1931 Eunsa. Pamplona, 1999. DUARTE, Ángel. La república del emigrante. La cultura política de los españoles en Argentina (1875-1910. Milenio. Lleida, 1998. LARRÍNAGA, Carlos. Actividad económica y cambio estructural en San

Puerto Rico, humedales [Puerto Rico, wetlands

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Adams, D. Briane; Hefner, John M.; Dopazo, Teresa

1999-01-01

descanso y la alimentación de cientos de aves migratorias en ruta entre Norte y Suramérica. Antes del drenaje de los humedales costeros para propósitos agrícolas, pantanos de agua dulce como los de la Laguna Cartagena, Laguna Guánica y Ciénaga El Anegado proveían hábitat a más de 1 00 especies de aves residentes y migratorias . Los humedales de las tierras altas del área central son el último refugio de la cotorra puertorriqueña, una especie en peligro de extinción. Aún los humedales del área metropolitana de San Juan (Laguna La Torrecilla, Torrecilla Baja, Laguna de Piñones hasta Punta Vacía Talega) proveen un hábitat excelente para la vida silvestre, mantienen criaderos de peces de alto valor económico y proveen recreación y oportunidades educativas a la población urbana.Treintiocho especies de vertebrados, moluscos y crustáceos, y 46 especies de aves, algunos raros o en peligro de extinción como la mariquita, el alcatraz, el pato dominicano, el pato silbón y la paloma cabeciblanca han sido observados en el área . También las playas asociadas con estos humedales urbanos proveen sitios de anidaje para las tortugas carey de concha y tinglar, ambas en peligro de extinción (Del Llano y otros, 1986).

Notizen zu altpr. mosla, moska

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Bernd Gliwa

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Pastabos dėl pr. mosla, moskaSantraukaŽodžių pr. mosla – v.v.a. leimat (GrG73, moska – leimet (GrA85, Moska – Leimet, Viscus (GrF86, išskyrus lo. viscus, reikšmės nėra aiškios, o pastarasis yra daugiareikšmis. Svarstoma keletas prūsų kalbos rūpimo žodžio kilmės variantų, manant, kad lo. viscus „amalas, klijai iš amalo, spąstai paukš­čiams su klijais“ teisingai perteikia pr. mosla.1. Jei žodis įvardytų masalą, ypač su klijais smulkiems paukščiams gaudyti (plg. v.v.a. lîm–ruote, tada pr. mosla lygintinas su lie. mãsalas, mãsinti, kur pr. šaknyje būtų kaip Noye (Gr. = nage (E 145, pig. lie. nagà. Darybiškai pr. mosla gretintinas su lie. mãsalas kaip lie. dẽglas – su dẽgalas, plerplà – su pler̃palas. Beje, nerasta jokių duomenų, kad baltai būtų taip medžioję.2. Kadangi vok. Mistel „amalas“ galbūt yra vedinys iš Mist „mėšlas“, ieškota mosla sąsajos su lie. mė́šlas, mė́žti. Galima pastarojo žodžio giminystė su lie. mỹžti rodytų šaknies apofonijos i eilę, kur laipsnis ō nelauktinas. Variantas atmetamas.3. Amalas yra krūmu ant medžių augantis parazitas. Pavadinimai įvardija jo formą, pvz.: lie. laumės šluota, vok. dial. Kraigennest „varnos lizdas“. Vok. dial. Wispe, Wespe, atrodo, irgi perteikia augalo formą, plg. norv. visp „krūmelis“, šved. visp „virbų maišiklis“ ir vespelten, vispelten „ama­las“. Šiuo atžvilgiu pr. žodį galima lyginti su lie. mastas „mazgas, juosta“ , mãzgas „t.p.“, užsimègzti „pradėti augti (apie tik apvaisintą vaisių“, – tada pr. mosla [masla] būtų *“kas susimazgojęs; kas auga kaip mazgas“.4. Dažnai pr. (Gr šaknyje atitinka lie. u, pvz.: pr. Songos – lie. šunį, šuo. Tad svarstytina pr. mosla sąsaja su lie. mus-: 2mùsti (muñta, mùto „verdant tirštėti...“, mū̃sas „plėvė ant skysčio; vario oksidas; pelėsiai“. Šalia ū esama ir ly

Modelo de valoración de la calidad para un relleno sanitario

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Shalimar Carolina Monasterio Alemán

2013-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de la presente investigación fue el diseño de un Modelo de Valoración de Calidad. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva-proyectiva; con diseño transversal. Previa revisión documental se construyó un instrumento de medición conformado por 37 ítems, y se estableció una escala de tipo intervalo de 1 a 4, para determinar lo de acuerdo o en desacuerdo que se estaba con las afirmaciones. El mismo fue validado por expertos y presentó una confiabilidad con un coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach´s de 0,875, se aplicó a 12 informantes claves con un nivel de formación sobre los aspectos técnicos-operativos del relleno sanitario. A través del método de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS, se modeló la valoración de la calidad, con la identificación de la matriz X de las subdimiensiones (condiciones de operación, uso de equipos y maquinarias, ubicación, capacidad de respuesta, fiabilidad, elementos tangibles y seguridad como variables independientes y de la matriz Y, a través de la información recogida por la entrevista estructurada por un baremo, que evalúa la calidad en cuatro (4 categorías. Se obtuvo que el 50% de los informantes claves indicó que La Ciénaga tiene Baja Calidad. De las afirmaciones del instrumento se tiene que, para las subdimensiones capacidad de respuesta y seguridad, el 59% y 67% de los informantes claves, respectivamente, estuvieron fuertemente en desacuerdo. El método PLS arrojó que, con un número menor de componentes (4, se explica un 84% de la varianza total de la variable de respuesta. El modelo de valoración de calidad puede ser reducido en un modelo genérico, permitiendo medir la calidad a partir de variables independientes. Los resultados demuestran que las subdimensiones con mayores problemas son la de capacidad de respuesta y seguridad; finalmente, el modelo reducido queda definido por las variables independientes: Componentes técnico-operativos, Materiales y Equipos, Fiabilidad y

Usne u lavi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Una Krizmanić Ožegović

2017-06-01

usta, zatiljak, pazuha, prepone, noge, oči i dlačice, Gospodine, na rukama uredne, na bedrima neupadljive, na pazusima skrivene, na nogama zanemarene, na ušnim resicama osjetljive, na preponama… na preponama, Gospodine, izazovne dlačice… isprva su štitile, onda bile vlažne, zatim lelujave i sasvim opijene tisućama mirisa, podatne, prostituiraju se meni, mojim rukama, mojim prstima, danju finima, noću faličkima, zorom oštrima. Pola noći. Pola moje sladostrasne propasti, nagovještaja, i na neki način, Gospodine, kunem ti se, spasa. Odjednom, bît ima više smisla u tjelesnosti: tvoja svjetlost čini mi se jednakom, ali jasnijom; tijelo mi se odmara, ali leluja; oblaci su na nebu, ali bliže; vjetar ništa ne govori, ali čujem njegove prijekore. Znoj se suši dok ležim i drhtim od same sebe, putenosti, usana u lavi. Umjesto da se probudim, zaspim: tijelo mi se budi iz transa, tone u san. Prsti se povlače, nastupa mir. Prsti gube na oštrini, varci, brzini, ratnom umijeću. Poprimaju stvarnu dimenziju: samo su prsti. A ti ne govoriš ništa, Gospodine. Ležim naga, prekrivena sumnjama i urednim dlačicama. Ruke su mirne. Poravnam kosu što mi vraća srce na mjesto. Svijet je jedna jedina svijeća koja gori bez straha da će izgorjeti. Ništa ne govoriš. Možda nemaš više što dati mojim pijanim rukama.

Demografía y ecología de anidación de la iguana verde, Iguana iguana (Squamata: Iguanidae, en dos poblaciones explotadas en la Depresión Momposina, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliana M. Muñoz

2003-03-01

Full Text Available Se estudió la demografía y ecología de anidación de dos poblaciones de Iguana iguana que enfrentan explotación severa y alteración del hábitat, en la Depresión Momposina, Colombia. Los atos de transectos lineales fueron analizados con el modelo de Fourier para estimar la densidad de grupos sociales. El tamaño promedio de grupo y la densidad general de iguanas varió dentro y entre poblaciones (1.05 - 6.0 grupos/ha, y 1.5 - 13.7 iguanas/ha respectivamente. Las estimaciones de densidad fueron mucho menores que las reportadas en áreas más protegidas en Panamá y Venezuela. Las densidades de las iguanas fueron considerablemente mayores en sitios localizados a lo largo de los ríos (2.5 iguanas/grupo que en sitios en el margen de las ciénagas (1.5 iguanas/grupo, probablemente debido a diferencias en la vegetación. No hubo correlación entre las estimaciones de densidad y la de abundancia relativa (número de iguanas vistas/hora/persona, debido a diferencias en detectabilidad de los grupos de iguanas entre los sitios. La proporción sexual hallada (1:2.5 machos: hembras, es probablemente el resultado del sistema de apareamiento polígamo de esta especie, en vez de indicar un verdadero sesgo demográfico. Se monitoreó 34 nidos los cuales sufrieron poca depredación por vertebrados. Sin embargo si fueron afectados por inundaciones, pisoteo por ganado e infestación por larvas de mosca Phoridae. El tamaño de huevos por nidada en estas poblaciones fue de 29.4 menor que cualquier otro reporte de la literatura, con la excepción de las poblaciones de Iguana que habitan la isla altamente xérica de Curaçao, implicando que las hembras adultas en nuestra área son inusualmente pequeñas. Probablemente éste es el resultado de la explotación prolongada y excesiva de estas poblaciones en vez de ser una respuesta adaptativa a condiciones ambientales extremas.We studied the demography and nesting ecology of two populations of Iguana iguana that

Fourth Light at Paranal!

Science.gov (United States)

2000-09-01

VLT YEPUN Joins ANTU, KUEYEN and MELIPAL It was a historical moment last night (September 3 - 4, 2000) in the VLT Control Room at the Paranal Observatory , after nearly 15 years of hard work. Finally, four teams of astronomers and engineers were sitting at the terminals - and each team with access to an 8.2-m telescope! From now on, the powerful "Paranal Quartet" will be observing night after night, with a combined mirror surface of more than 210 m 2. And beginning next year, some of them will be linked to form part of the unique VLT Interferometer with unparalleled sensitivity and image sharpness. YEPUN "First Light" Early in the evening, the fourth 8.2-m Unit Telescope, YEPUN , was pointed to the sky for the first time and successfully achieved "First Light". Following a few technical exposures, a series of "first light" photos was made of several astronomical objects with the VLT Test Camera. This instrument was also used for the three previous "First Light" events for ANTU ( May 1998 ), KUEYEN ( March 1999 ) and MELIPAL ( January 2000 ). These images served to evaluate provisionally the performance of the new telescope, mainly in terms of mechanical and optical quality. The ESO staff were very pleased with the results and pronounced YEPUN fit for the subsequent commissioning phase. When the name YEPUN was first given to the fourth VLT Unit Telescope, it was supposed to mean "Sirius" in the Mapuche language. However, doubts have since arisen about this translation and a detailed investigation now indicates that the correct meaning is "Venus" (as the Evening Star). For a detailed explanation, please consult the essay On the Meaning of "YEPUN" , now available at the ESO website. The first images At 21:39 hrs local time (01:39 UT), YEPUN was turned to point in the direction of a dense Milky Way field, near the border between the constellations Sagitta (The Arrow) and Aquila (The Eagle). A guide star was acquired and the active optics system quickly optimized the