Wastenet

... In order to produce organic livestock feed, feed mills must be inspected and certified. If they produce both organic and non-organic feed, they must implement procedures, backed up by records, to prevent the commingling of organic and non-organic feed. This includes steps to clean storage bins and mixing and bagging equipment prior to producing batches of organic feed. Organic feed mills also must prevent ...

Wastenet

... Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack wants his agency to \\

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present paper describes the investigation of the static and dynamic behaviour of an 20 kW pressure electrolyser. The suitability for a coupled operating regime with a wind power plant has been investigated. At first the static behaviour has been analysed. The share of oxygen in hydrogen gas is lower than 0.5 Vol%. But reaching the temperature limit of 80 deg C leads to a switch off of the electrolyser, accompanied by an increase of the oxygen share in hydrogen gas up to 1.3 Vol%. Therefore, an improvement of the cooling system is necessary. Secondly, the electrolyser was excited by different step signals for load changing and finally, the electrolyser has been controlled by the power output signal of the windmill. The investigation shows that the development of a direct coupled wind-hydrogen system will be only a small step. 3 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To determine the transient response of linear and time-invariant transmission systems which are only described for discret frequencies, it is possible to find a good functional approximation by means of the generalized impulse method, combined with the most important natural spline-interpolation functions of the first and the third degree. This procedure has been applied to calculate the step response of the transient behaviour of the zero-sequence impedance system of the high voltage transmission line.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The needs of hospitalized geriatric patients differ from the needs of hospitalized younger adults. In an attempt to improve systems of care for the older adult, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The behaviour of tetracycline as an extracting agent for Sr, I, Ba, Mo, Tc, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ru, Te and U was studied and the influence of the acidity of the aqueous phase upon extraction of the elements mentioned was examined. Experiments were made to determine whether the species extracted into the organic phase is the complex formed between tetracycline and the elements considered and to determine the time of shaking necessary so that the equilibrium between the phases is attained. As a practical application, the possibility of using the tetracycline-benzyl alcohol system for separating the fission products sup(137)Cs, sup(140)La, sup(141)Ce, sup(103)Ru, sup(95)Nb from each other and from uranium is presented. The same study was made for sup(131)I, sup(99m)Tc, sup(99)Mo, sup(132)Te, sup(239)Np and uranium and the steps necessary for the separation of these elements are proposed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The present investigation compares the suitability of two radiolabeling techniques for hemoglobin. "1"2"5I labeling of hemoglobin with Iodogen as iodinating agent caused major changes in the chromatographic behaviour and an accelerated plasma clearance of the labeled hemoglobin in rats. A recently developed two-step procedure for "9"9"mTc labeling gave better results. The label had only minimal influence on the chromatographic behaviour of hemoglobin. In vivo, no free label occurred in the circulation and no transfer of the label to other plasma proteins took place. The plasma clearance of "9"9"mTc-labeled hemoglobin in rats was slowed. However, this could be explained entirely by diminishing glomerular filtration, probably by inhibition of the dissociation of the hemoglobin molecule into dimers. The plasma clearance of hemoglobin modified by intramolecular cross-linking, which prevents dissociation of the molecule into ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In many drug dispensing devices, such as syringes and inhalers, an elatomeric gasket is used to prevent the formulation from leaking from the chamber. During device actuation, the seal is subjected to friction, which in turn causes its deformation and can cause unintentional leakage, thus dose variability. Additionally, friction of seal is responsible for a host of potential problems such undue effort required for actuation and potential wear. The mechanism of friction generation in the seal conjunction is complex, arising from adhesion of rubber in contact with the moving interface, viscous action of a thin film of fluid and deformation of seal asperities. Therefore, the first step in understanding the conjunctional behaviour of rubber seals is a fundamental study of mechanisms of frictio...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Georgia Power`s primary boiler cleaning solvent in the past has been hydrochloric acid. Citric acid has recently been used on two boilers in an effort to move to a safer and more environmentally acceptable cleaning solvent. As with any change, there is a learning curve and the (new) cleaning process has to be proven with regard to process consistency and cleaning effectiveness. This paper describes our experiences with citric acid along with comparisons of past hydrochloric acid cleanings.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heat pumps can be installed indoors or outdoors. H. Klein investigates which site would be preferable for a one-family house. Advantages and disadvantages with regard to necessary space, noise, maintenance and repair are discussed; heat losses in both cases of installations are dealt with. Mathematic calculation shows that indoor installation is safer and more adequate in terms of energy savings.

Indian Institute of Science Theses & Dissertations (India)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The construction materials used in coolant systems in nuclear power plants become covered with oxide films as a result of exposure to the aqueous environment. The susceptibility of the materials to different forms of corrosion, as well as the extent of the incorporation of radioactive species on the surfaces of the primary circuit, are greatly influenced by the physical and chemical properties of these oxide films. The composition and characteristics of the oxide films in turn depend on the applied water chemistry. This work was undertaken in order to collect and evaluate the present views on the structure and behaviour of oxide films formed on iron- and nickel-based materials in aqueous environments. This survey should serve to recognise the areas in which more understanding and research effort is needed. The review begins with a discussion on the bulk oxides of iron, nickel and chromium, as well as their mixed oxides. In addition to bulk oxides, the structure and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Use of hydrogen in large scale applications is more usual than public is mentioning normally. Nevertheless reserve against hydrogen can be observed up to highest level decision-makers. Possibly a main reason can be found and eliminated by fixing: Some spectacular accidents happened in the past and found great interest. The publication of impressive accidents and the follow up of the events course was very carefully. The research in finding causalities in former decisions and follow up was not in the interest of some people or institutions. Important facts are even not noticed by insiders, but would have been very important for future decision makings and public acceptance of new applications. It will be demonstrated in three historical examples. Much more examples would be available and each one could help to find new applications for a saver and effective use of hydrogen in power supply. Awaking from new reserves could be avoided. Additional a safer handling would ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The document describes the outcome of the CSN/CIEMAT-00 interlaboratory test comparison among environmental radioactivity laboratories. the exercise was organised according to the ISO-43 and the ISO/IUPAC/AOAC Harmonized Protocol for the proficiency testing of analytical laboratories. the test sample was a soil containing environmental levels of K-40, Ra-226, Ac-228, Sr-90, Cs-137, Cs-134, Pu (239-240) y Am-241. the Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona prepared the material and reported adequate statistical studies of homogeneity. The results of the exercise were computed for 30 participating laboratories, and their analytical performance was assessed using the u-score approach. A raised percentage of satisfactory laboratory performance has been obtained for all the analysis, being the best performance in gamma measurements. The exercise has drawn that several laboratories have difficulties in the evaluation of combined uncertainty, mainly in analysis involving radiochemical ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Devolatilization, char combustion and emission characteristics of different single fuel particles were studied under various fluidized bed combustor conditions, in order to develop a classification system which enables prediction of the behaviour of different fuels ranging from fixed carbon rich coals to volatile rich woods and plastics. To investigate formation reaction, the concentration of CO, CO{sub 2}, total hydrocarbons, O{sub 2}, NO and N{sub 2}O were measured continuously. Additionally, temperature histories of the particles were recorded by implanting thermocouples. Devolatilization and char combustion were analysed by an integral and differential method. The integral analysis uses global rates which were compared with the ultimate and proximate analyses and used to classify the fuels. In the differential analysis the single physical and chemical steps viz mass transfer from the bulk gas to the particle surface, mass transfer through ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This Streamlined Approach for Environmental Restoration (SAFER) plan addresses closure for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 118, Area 27 Super Kukla Facility, identified in the ''Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order''. Corrective Action Unit 118 consists of one Corrective Action Site (CAS), 27-41-01, located in Area 27 of the Nevada Test Site. Corrective Action Site 27-41-01 consists of the following four structures: (1) Building 5400A, Reactor High Bay; (2) Building 5400, Reactor Building and access tunnel; (3) Building 5410, Mechanical Building; and (4) Wooden Shed, a.k.a. ''Brock House''. This plan provides the methodology for field activities needed to gather the necessary information for closing the CAS. There is sufficient information and process knowledge from historical documentation and site confirmation data collected in 2005 and 2006 to recommend closure of CAU 118 using the ...

Science.gov (United States)

BACKGROUND: The urgent need for patient safety education for healthcare students has been recognised by many accreditation bodies, but to date there has been sporadic attention to undergraduate/graduate medical programmes. Medical students themselves have identified quality and safety of care as an important area of instruction; as future doctors and healthcare leaders, they must be prepared to practise safe healthcare. Medical education has yet to fully embrace patient safety concepts and principles into existing medical curricula. Universities are continuing to produce graduate doctors lacking in the patient safety knowledge, skills and behaviours thought necessary to deliver safe care. A significant challenge is that patient safety is still a relatively new concept and area of study; thus, many medical educators are unfamiliar with the literature and unsure how to integrate patient safety learning into existing curriculum. DESIGN: To address this gap and provide ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A 24-item short form of the 96-item Developmental Behaviour Checklist was developed to provide a brief measure of Total Behaviour Problem Score for research purposes. The short form Developmental...Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

The ALICE experimental area management team faces various challenges when it comes to sharing scarce resources, indispensable to any efficient installation in a category one worksite. Space, cranes, jigs, and personnel with key competences have to be carefully allocated to activities so as to avoid slowing down work progress. To this intent, a resource loaded planning has been developed that allows highlighting coactivities and prioritizing critical tasks. It uses the built-in capabilities of Microsoft Project. The use of this scheduling tool leads to a more efficient use of time and a safer work environment. The installation sequence resulting from this schedule is presented in this paper. The first part of the sequence focuses on the revision of the coils in the SX2 building. The dipole has then to be installed in the RB26 side of the UX25 cavern. This complex and resource intensive activity has to be performed in parallel with the services installation inside ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A great deal of studies of the Pu metal dissolution by mineral acids have been made /1-3/. Hydrochloric acid was shown to provide the most complete and fastest dissolution /1-2/. The majority of studies describes the use of HNO_3-HF or HNO_3 with reducing or oxidizing agents present for this purpose /4/. But these methods are not quite adequate because of an extreme corrosiveness of the acids and a high cost of structural materials. That is why a search for more reliable and safer process is still in progress. The HNO_3-HCOOH method of dissolving has been investigated. Some physical-chemical properties of formic acid as well as regulations on its use are presented in /5-8/. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) is potentially curative therapy in AML by providing both dose-intensive chemo-radiotherapy and induction of graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect. Historically, more emphasis was given to the intensity of conditioning. Over the last decade the pendulum turned more towards induction of GvL as the primary goal. A plethora of non-myeloablative (NMA) and reduced-intensity conditioning regimens (RIC) were introduced trying to reduce transplant-related toxicities and allow SCT in elderly and medically infirm patients. In addition, reduced-toxicity myeloablative regimens (RTC) based on fludarabine and myeloablative alkylating-agent doses were designed to allow safer administration of dose-intensive therapy. Conditioning dose-intensity is highly correlated w...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The PARLOC Pipeline and Incident Databases provide the most complete information available on North Sea pipelines and risers from 1975. The database information enables the frequency of incidents which either result, or have a potential to result, in loss of containment to be related to the pipeline population as a whole or expressed as a function of particular pipeline characteristics. The importance of the PARLOC study in risk assessments of offshore pipelines is acknowledged worldwide and it is recognized as having contributed positively to their safer operation. Continuing improvements ensure that it remains a key reference in risk assessment studies. This paper describes the improvements which are being made to the study and shows how PARLOC is being used by the offshore industry in the consideration of pipeline safety. The rationalization of current arrangements for regulating pipeline safety presented in the new UK Pipeline Safety Regulations offer an ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this paper is to communicate how new and established management techniques are applied to environmental restoration projects at the Savannah River Site. Specifically, the paper discusses application of four (4) management approaches: Total Quality Principles; Task Team Structure; Cost Time Management; SAFER (Streamlined Approach for Environmental Restoration). The objective is to share Savannah River Site experience and document case studies where certain approaches have enhanced projects at hand. Each management approach is demonstrated by its project application and impact on performance. The visibility given the project is discussed to emphasize communications as avenues for public information, technical exchange, and employee motivation.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has recently been adopted for complicated anatomical lung resections. During these thoracoscopic procedures, surgeons view the operative field on a two-dimensional (2-D) video monitor and cannot palpate the organ directly, thus frequently encountering anatomical difficulties. This study aimed to estimate the usefulness of preoperative three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of thoracic organs. Methods We compared the preoperative 64-row three-dimensional multidetector computed tomography (3DMDCT) findings of lung cancer-affected thoracic organs to the operative findings. Results In comparison to the operative findings, the branches of pulmonary arteries, veins, and bronchi were well defined in the 3D-MDCT images of 27 patients. Conclusion 3D-MDCT imag...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The mass deployment of electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs and PHEVs) that rely on low greenhouse gas (GHG) emission electricity generation has great potential to significantly reduce the consumption of petroleum and other high CO2-emitting transportation fuels. The vision of the Electric and Plug-in Hybrid (EV/PHEV) Vehicles Roadmap is to achieve by 2050 the widespread adoption and use of EVs and PHEVs, which together represent more than 50% of annual LDV (light duty vehicle) sales worldwide. In addition to establishing a vision, this roadmap sets strategic goals to achieve it, and identifies the steps that need to be taken to accomplish these goals. This roadmap also outlines the roles and collaboration opportunities for different stakeholders and shows how government policy can support the overall achievement of the vision. The strategic goals for attaining the widespread adoption and use of EVs and PHEVs worldwide by 2050 cover the development of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study deals with testing the capacity of the code PARET to simulate natural circulation phenomena under different boundary conditions in addition to assessment of some new options related to simulation of control rod movement and the reactivity effect of thermal expansion fuel elements. the experiments of the simple thermal hydraulic loop of Missouri University about natural circulation phenomena in narrow parallel channel were used to validate the code. The results indicate good agreements regarding the evolution of coolant velocity and clad temperature. In particular the heat transfer coefficient of natural convection has been calculated in good agreement with the experiment. On the other hand, the core of MNSR reactor has been modelled to stimulate the reactor dynamic behaviour under natural circulation condition for different initial power level. The observed oscillations during the initial phase vanish gradually with passing time. In this context three ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fuel spray and air motion characteristics and combustion in direct injection (DI) diesel engines was studied using computational models of the commercial CFD-code FIRE. Physical subprocesses modelled included Lagrangian spray droplet movement and behaviour (atomisation, evaporation and interaction of spray droplets) and combustion of evaporated liquid spray in the gas phase. Fuel vapour combustion rate was described by the model of Magnussen and Hjertager. The standard k,{epsilon}-model was used for turbulence. In order to be able to predict combustion accurately, the fuel spray penetration should be predicted with reasonable accuracy. In this study, the standard drag coefficient had to be reduced in order to match the computed penetration to the measured one. In addition, the constants in the submodel describing droplet breakup also needed to be adjusted for closer agreement with the measurements. The characteristic time scale of fuel consumption rate k/C{sub R} ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Stepping responses were studied in infants between the ages of 10 days and 10 months while they were supported to step on a slowly moving treadmill belt. Surface...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for fatigue self-management, compared with groups receiving fatigue information alone, on fatigue...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Comparative sociogenomics has the potential to provide important insights into how social behaviour evolved. We examined brain gene expression profiles of the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

With the frequent load changes to which a hard coal power station is subjected in the middle and peak load range, great demands are linked with the transient behaviour of the steam generator. Due to the serial connection of the crusher and boiler, the strongly delaying transient behaviour of the crusher compounds entirely with the transient behaviour of the steam generator. Therefore, a suggestion is to be made here as to the improvement of the dynamics of the crusher.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We show that the chaotic dynamical behaviour displayed by diagonal Bianchi type IX metrics in general relativity does not occur on approach to the singularity in higher-order lagrangian theories of gravity. However, chaotic behaviour does occur in the more general non-diagonal type IX models in these theories. An interpretation of these results in terms of the hamiltonian potential picture of the type IX evolution is given. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This patent describes a nitrogen oxides decreasing combustion method which comprises: a first step of mixing a fuel and air with each other; a second step of bringing the mixture obtained in the first step into contact with a packed catalyst such that only catalytic combustion occurs; and a third step of adding a fresh supply of the fuel to a stream obtained from the second step to form a mixed gas and causing the mixed gas to undergo non-catalytic thermal combustion. The temperature of the packed catalyst is lower than the ignition temperature of the mixture and the adiabatic flame temperature of the mixed gas is lower than a temperature at which the nitrogen oxides occur.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fuelwood shortages and potential shortages are widespread throughout the developing world, and are becoming increasingly more prevalent because of the clearing of land for subsistence and plantation agriculture, excessive and inefficient commercial timber harvesting for domestic and export construction, and charcoal production to meet rising urban demands. Further, the environmental and socioeconomic consequences of the resulting deforestation are both pervasive and complex. This report focuses on the substitution of coal briquettes for fuelwood. Although substantial adverse health effects could be expected from burning non-anthracite coal or coal briquettes, a well-developed technique, carbonization, exists to convert coal to a safer form for combustion. The costs associated with briquetting and carbonizing coal indicate that ''smokeless'' coal briquettes can be produced at costs competitive with fuelwood and charcoal. The US ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: The IRSN has been organizing enquiries with the French population about risk and risk perception for a long time. In 2002, a collaboration between the IRSN in France and the SCK.CEN in Belgium has been set-up to simultaneously (November 2002) organise this poll in both countries. In each country, a representative sample of the population (over 1000 participants per country) has been consulted by Computer Aided Personal Interviews of about 30 minutes with the professional help of commercial companies: BVA in France and Research International in Belgium. The enquiry yields a broad spectrum of interesting data; here only the results relevant for the emergency context will be presented. One should be aware that these data were collected in a 'normal' period; important differences in behaviour may occur given a serious crisis. A first finding is that more than half of the respondents are convinced that an accident as severe as the Chernobyl disaster may ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The present paper considers the evaluation of timber structures with the focus on robustness due to connection ductility. The robustness analysis is based on the structural reliability framework applied to a simplified mechanical system. The structural timber system is depicted as a parallel system. An evaluation method of the ductile behaviour is introduced. For different ductile behaviours, the system reliability is estimated based on Monte Carlo simulation. A correlation between the strength of the structural elements is introduced. The results indicate that the reliability of a structural timber system can be significantly increased due to the ductile behavior.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study examines the effects of blasting on waste dumps at open pit mining operations. Of specific concern were mining operations at the base of a five hundred foot high waste dump such as the operation at the South Pit of the Smoky-River Coal Ltd. property near Grande Cache, Alberta. An assessment of waste dump stability including factors such as quasi-static deformation behaviour, historical dump deformation behaviours and potential blasting effects was undertaken. It is concluded that safe blasting may be carried out in proximity to waste dumps, but monitoring of dump behaviour is recommended to ensure operational safety. 22 refs., 4 apps.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

1. At high running speeds, the step frequency becomes lower than the apparent natural frequency of the body's bouncing system. This is due to a relative increase of the vertical component of the muscular...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A simplified two step thermal analysis method has been develop to evaluate (1) the mean temperature of the CANDU fuel bundles within a fuel basket in a given spent fuel dry storage canister by HEATING5 code with additional input data and heat transfer correlations in the step-1 analysis and (2) the maximum fuel rod temperature within a CANDU 37-element fuel bundle by MAXROT code developed here for step-2 analysis. In addition, the results of sample analysis is performed to examine the parametric effects of the site-specific ambient conditions on the maximum fuel temperature within a canister are presented. The comparison between the results of step-1 analysis and the mock-up test, in particular, is quite satisfactory. In essence, the two-step thermal analysis method proposed here is a code package that used the HEATING5 and MAXROT codes, respectively, for step-1 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... bollworm fertility gamma radiation genetic radiation effects life span mating

Science.gov (United States)

... A. Ferrero. 2000. Escape behaviour in the stomatopod crustacean Squilla mantis, and the evolution of the caridoid escape reaction. ... ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Securing the co-operation of persons supplying information required for medical statistics is essentially a problem in human relations, and an understanding of the motivations, attitudes, and behaviour...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Fitness, (biometric measurements, reproduction) and behaviour that are ecologically relevant biomarkers in assessing the quality of estuarine sediments were studied by comparing the responses of the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor - a key species in estuaries - along a pollution gradient. Intersite differences were shown for all the measured parameters: size-weight relationships, energy reserves as glycogen and lipids, sexual maturation patterns, total number of oocytes per female, total and relative fecundity, burrowing behaviour. The physiological and behavioural status of N. diversicolor was consistently disturbed in the larger, most contaminated estuaries (Loire and Seine, Fr.) compared to reference sites (Bay of Bourgneuf, Goyen estuary, Fr.). Many classes of potentially toxic che...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract:- In recent years, the study of polymer/clay nanocomposites has attracted major research and commercial interests due to their superior mechanical and thermal properties to those of the neat polymers. Numerical modelling is an advantageous approach to understand the material behaviour. In this work a symmetric two dimensional finite element model is developed to simulate the fully exfoliated Polymer/Clay nanocomposite behaviour and evaluate its- before stress stress-strain curve. The Nylon 66/Clay in this study has a nonlinear elastic behaviour. The influence of volume fraction and aspect ratio of clay platelet (defined as the ratio of the particle length to the particle thickness) on the tensile behaviour of exfoliated Nylon 66/clay nanocomposite is investigated with the aid of n...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Maternal stress during pregnancy, particularly that combined with low socioeconomic status (SES), has been linked to an increased risk for impaired behavioural and emotional development and affective disorders in children. In animal models, acute periods of prenatal stress have profound effects on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function and behaviour. However, few studies have determined the impact of chronic exposure to stress in animal models. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of chronic maternal stress (CMS) during the 2nd half of pregnancy and nursing on growth, locomotor behaviour and HPA axis function in juvenile guinea pig offspring. Pregnant guinea pigs were exposed to a random combination of variable stressors every other day over the 2nd half of gestat...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... charge-exchange reactions dwba finite-range interactions helium 3 reactions

Science.gov (United States)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

... Tactical Electronic Warfare Division (Code 5700) Visualization Laboratory Transportable step frequency radar Vehicle development laboratory ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A lock out assembly for a circuit breaker which consists of a generally step-shaped unitary base with an aperture in the small portion of the step-shaped base and a roughly S shaped retaining pin which loops through the large portion of the step-shaped base. The lock out assembly is adapted to fit over a circuit breaker with the handle switch projecting through the aperture, and the retaining pin projecting into an opening of the handle switch, preventing removal.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study, deformation modes and precipitations have been characterized in test pieces made of alloy 800, grade 2 hyper-hardened state and age-conditioned for 3000 h at 550/sup 0/C, used for steam generator tubes of the Super Phenix Reactor, after continuous fatigue and fatigue-relaxation tests in the oligocyclic range. This microstructural study has provided an interpretation of the fatigue behaviour of the material.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study presents the results of an 18-year long investigation of pipe deterioration in cyclone slag slurry transport. The goal was to study pipe behaviour in this extremely abrasive service and select an optimum piping material. Comparisons are given for high quality alloy cast steel pipes and pipes lined with cast basalt rings marketed under the name Abresist. Based on the results, thoughts are offered on the broader meanings of certain findings.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book contains 10 lectures with the following subjects: On the effect of thermal pretreatment on the structure and creep behaviour of the alloy 800 H (V. Guttmann, J. Timm); Material properties of heat resistant ferritic and austenitic steels after cold forming (W. Bendick, H. Weber); Investigations for judging the working behaviour of components made of alloy 800 and alloy 617 under creep stress (H.J. Penkalla, F. Schubert); Creep behaviour of gas turbine materials in hot gas (K.H. Kloos et al.); Effect of small cold forming on the creep beahviour of gas turbine blades made of Nimonic 90 (K.H. Keienburg et al.); Investigations on creep fatigue alternating load strength of nickel alloys (G. Raule); Change of structure, creep fatigue behaviour and life of X20 Cr Mo V 12 1 (by G. Eggeler et al.); Investigations on thermal fatigue behaviour (K.H. Mayer et al.); Creep ...

CERN Document Server

In this paper, we intend to formulate a new metaheuristic algorithm, called Cuckoo Search (CS), for solving optimization problems. This algorithm is based on the obligate brood parasitic behaviour of some cuckoo species in combination with the Levy flight behaviour of some birds and fruit flies. We validate the proposed algorithm against test functions and then compare its performance with those of genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization. Finally, we discuss the implication of the results and suggestion for further research.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fitness, (biometric measurements, reproduction) and behaviour that are ecologically relevant biomarkers in assessing the quality of estuarine sediments were studied by comparing the responses of the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor - a key species in estuaries - along a pollution gradient. Intersite differences were shown for all the measured parameters: size-weight relationships, energy reserves as glycogen and lipids, sexual maturation patterns, total number of oocytes per female, total and relative fecundity, burrowing behaviour. The physiological and behavioural status of N. diversicolor was consistently disturbed in the larger, most contaminated estuaries (Loire and Seine, Fr.) compared to reference sites (Bay of Bourgneuf, Goyen estuary, Fr.). Many classes of potentially toxic chemicals present in these estuaries most likely contribute to these impairments but food availability may act as a confounding factor, ...

Science.gov (United States)

Studies of the effectiveness of operant, relaxation, cognitive, and multimodal behavioural approaches to the treatment of chronic benign pain other than headache were evaluated. In general, the quality of the studies was poor, and most investigations lacked appropriate and adequate control conditions, outcome measures, and/or follow-ups. While outcome reports for all four behavioural treatments have been mainly positive, few data were found which conclusively demonstrate that any of the approaches are effective or that they are the treatment of choice. The data do, however, imply that behavioural approaches may help patients lead more normal and productive lives. Specifically, the literature suggests that: (1) the operant method leads to increased activity levels and decreased pain and drug intake, (2) the relaxation approach results in decreased EMG levels and some pain reductions, (3) the cognitive techniques are ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper relates to a simple approach to the analysis of the behaviour of pool type LMFBR primary circuits in natural convection and to experimental work to support this approach. The primary application is the prediction of plant behaviour in decay heat removal conditions when depending on natural convection effects to cool the core. In formulating a mathematical model of the plant for this application, the main difficulty is the modelling of the large plena between the core and IHX and the IHX and the pump inlet. In a previous paper discussing CDFR behaviour after a reactor scram with total loss of power to the primary pumps, the first author described attempts to model the CDFR hot pool in a way which would be limiting in a pessimistic sense. The shortcomings of these attempts were reviewed and mention was made of an improved method then under development. Essentially, the improved model allowed for migration of hot ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In its beginning, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Environmental Management (EM) viewed private industry as lacking adequate technology know-how to meet demands of hazardous and radioactive waste problems at the DOE`s laboratories and nuclear weapons production facilities. In November 1989, EM`s Office of Technology Development (recently renamed the Office of Science and Technology) embarked on a bold program of developing and demonstrating {open_quotes}innovative{close_quotes} waste cleanup technologies that would be safer, faster, more effective, and less expensive than the {open_quotes}baseline{close_quotes} commercial methods. This program has engaged DOE sites, national laboratories, and universities to produce preferred solutions to the problems of handling and treating DOE wastes. More recently, much of this work has shifted to joint efforts with private industry partners to accelerate the use of newly developed technologies and to enhance ...

Science.gov (United States)

The R&D in satellite communications in Korea has been driven mainly by KCC (Korea Communications Commission) but in a small scale compared to Korea space development program organized by MEST (Ministry of Education, Science and Technology). Public and civilian satcom sector R&D has been led mainly by ETRI with small/medium companies contrary to rare investment in private sector while military sector R&D has been orchestrated by ADD with defense industry. By the COMS (Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite) experimental Ka-band payload, Korea pursues a space qualification of own technology for national infrastructure evolution as well as industrialization of space R&D results. Once COMS launched and space qualified in 2009, subsequent application experiments and new technology R&D like UHDTV will entail service and industry promotion. The payload technology is expected for the next Korean commercial satellites or for new OBP satellites. The COMS ground ...

Science.gov (United States)

A method for simplifying finite element models of structures having a beam-like global dynamical behaviour is presented. This method is based on the use of a general uniform beam finite element formulation. It takes into account both transverse shear effects and dynamical coupling between bending and torsion due to the fact that mass centres and shear centres do not always coincide. For that purpose, we develop a condensation method for reducing any shell model into an equivalent beam, as well as a technique for automatically identifying the corresponding set of beam parameters. The method is applied to several illustrate examples that demonstrate its ability to simplify finite element models for many kinds of sophisticated structures having a beam-like predominant behaviour.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnesium alloys show a high specific strength and are therefore increasingly used for light-weight constructions in transportation industry.{sup [1,2]} To predict the behaviour of the material under the influence of cyclic loading it is vital to understand the fatigue behaviour of magnesium alloys. Only when understood properly, it is possible to fully apply the potential weight reduction by using magnesium alloys. A very important aspect in fatigue of magnesium alloys is the influence of a corrosive media and elevated temperatures, of which both are relevant in automotive applications. These two factors tend to have deleterious effects on magnesium alloys and therefore also have to be considered in investigations on the fatigue behaviour of magnesium alloys. (Abstract Copyright [2004], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study looks for the presence of rational speculative bubbles in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) using unit-root, variance ratio, duration dependence and regime switching regression tests. The regime switching method provides weak evidence of speculative bubble behaviour in both the mortgage and hybrid REITs sectors even though traditional econometric bubble tests do not provide evidence of rational speculative bubbles in all REIT markets. Findings suggest that price movement in mortgage and hybrid REITs may be induced by bubble-like behaviour of investors. This behaviour may be traced to the real estate market bubble. Our results provide evidence that the real estate bubble that started in early 2000 was transmitted into securitized real estate markets. A regime switching model ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In view of the importance of the material Alloy 800 in high-temperature reactor plants (HTR), a material data bank was established which is used for statistical evaluation of mechanical and physical material behaviour. Based on investigations on the interconnection between the mechanical properties at high temperatures and the metallurgical parameters, different types of Alloy 800 were specified in compliance with the component requirements. In addition, aspects of corrosion and toughness behaviour were taken into consideration. The specifications and strength characteristics for the different variants of Alloy 800 were incorporated into draft DIN standards after discussion and approval in expert committees. Further important characteristics of the mechanical and physical material behaviour were summarized in HTR material data sheets so as to furnish an improved basis for the design and stress analyses of Alloy 800 ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An optical fiber methane sensing system utilizing a super-luminescent diode (SLD) in the 1.33-mm band and a fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter (FFP-TF) is developed. A two-step reference measuring method, which is based on differential absorption technique, is employed; a reference channel is introduced to eliminate the fluctuation of the illuminant spectrum, and the reference wavelength acquired by tuning the FFP-TF is introduced to eliminate the environmental influence. The two-step reference measuring method has improved the reliability and stability of the system. A minimum detectable methane concentration of 0.3% has been experimentally achieved.

Science.gov (United States)

... This must be taken a step further in counseling and other feedback and ... Record System Power Point Presentation ,www.armyppt.com/ncoer/6.htm ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The authors emphasize the importance of stability in biological standards and discuss the steps taken to ensure the stability of International Standards and the theoretical basis of the various stability...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The central features of the mechanical cycle that drives the contraction of muscle are two translational steps: the working stroke, whereby an attached myosin crossbridge moves relative to the actin...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Motivation: Inference of haplotypes from genotype data is crucial and challenging for many vitally important studies. The first, and most critical step, is the ascertainment of a biologically...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The flow and heat transfers associated with a plane laminar flow past a forward-facing step were analyzed using a power-law numerical scheme combined with a false vorticity-stream function approach. To improve the traditional wall-vorticity boundary condition, a novel method, based on an accurate description of the nonslip wall condition, was developed and utilized. The convergence for a 56 x 49 grid system was obtained in about 350 iterations. The computed reattachment distances in the upper separated region agree with the available experimental data for a blunt plate. The heat transfer augmentation is significant across the step; however, it is counterbalanced by the deterioration of heat transfer immediately upstream of the step.

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... very difficult to help get better and to rehabilitate and sometimes even need surgery. 00:04:21 ... step of treatment, from our standpoint, is to rehabilitate, to strengthen the shoulder. And the real key ...

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SummarySurvival requires the selection of appropriate behavioural responses in the face of danger. With respect to the threat of predation, both the decision to escape and the underlying...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Analysis of results of an investigation into the structure of lithium salt aqueous solutions is presented. An anomaly in lithium ion behaviour in solutions at the structural level is noted. 40 refs., 3 tabs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Solid molecular orthohydrogen exhibits orientational order at low temperatures. The orthohydrogen molecules, which are quadrupoles, order in the Pa3 structure. We have simulated this ordering, and explored the behaviour under dilution by spherical parahydrogen molecules.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

It has been predicted that geometrically similar animals would swim at the same speed with stroke frequency scaling with mass^−1/3. In the present study, morphological and behavioural...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundHealthcare professionals can play a crucial role in optimizing the health status of patients with cardiovascular risk factors (abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, low...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Mutations in SPTBN2, the gene encoding β-III spectrin, cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 in humans (SCA5), a neurodegenerative disorder resulting in loss of motor...Full Text Available

Environmental Research Database

ObjectivesThe main objectives of this project are: 1. To determine whether nest-drifting behaviour allows helpers to maximise their indirect fitness in the paper wasp Polistes canadensis. Specifically, I will test a) whether nest-drifters apportion helping effort in relation to the productivity benefits of different nests (hypothesis 1a), and b) whether nest-drifters can adjust their investment in response to changes in the productivity payoffs of different nests (hypothesis 1b). 2. To determine [continued...]DescriptionDarwin's theory of natural selection predicts that organisms should act selfishly in order to pass on as many of their genes to the next generation as possible. The evolution of social behaviour is a paradox because it requires that some individuals forgo reproduction in order to help raise the offspring of others. Explaining the evolution of helping behaviour in animal societies has been a major focus for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Most superconductors are quite sensitive to irradiation defects. Critical temperatures may be depressed, critical currents may be increased, by irradiation, but other behaviours may be encountered. In compounds, the sublattice in which defects are created is of significant importance. 24 refs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

1. Interactions of pyrazole and ethanol were studied in three laboratory test procedures. They included sleeping time in mice, rotor rod balance in rats and lever pressing behaviour of rats. 2....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Objectives:Despite its impact on health policy, the relationship between geographical proximity and health care seeking has received scant attention in the medical literature. This...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Many animals use the spectral distribution of light to guide behaviour, but whether they have colour vision has been debated for over a century. Our strong subjective experience of colour and the fact...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The EMS effect is explained in the flucton model as a consequence of scale invariance violation. Nontrivial behaviour of the ratio between structural functions and production cross sections for lepton pairs for different nuclei at x > 1 is predicted.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundIt has been assumed that the unusual tail club of ankylosaurid dinosaurs was used actively as a weapon, but the biological feasibility of this behaviour has not been examined...Full Text Available

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Energetically costly behaviours, such as flight, push physiological systems to their limits requiring metabolic rates (MR) that are highly elevated above the resting MR (RMR). Both RMR and MR during...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundManagement of nightlife in UK cities focuses on creating safe places for individuals to drink. Little is known about intoxication levels as measuring total alcohol consumption...Full Text Available

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A simulation is developed that qualitatively describes the small-zone-gel-filtration behaviour of a reversibly associating protein. The results reflect the dependence of the apparent molecular weight...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundEvent-related potentials (ERPs) may be used as a highly sensitive way of detecting subtle degrees of cognitive dysfunction. On the other hand, impairment of cognitive skills...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An introduction to the properties and behaviour of tachyons is presented. The extension of special relativity to include superluminal frames is discussed and the generalized Lorentz transformation is considered. The consequences of the existence of tachyous for general relativity and astrophysics are also summarised. (W.D.L.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Advanced structural ceramics are presently used in several tribological applications, such as precision instrument bearings, automotive engine parts and cutting tools inserts. Design and selection of advanced ceramics for these applications require reliable data on the effects of temperature, load and environment on the tribological behaviour of these materials. In the present work, the friction and wear behaviour of colloidally processed and pressureless sintered sialon ceramics with phase (#alpha#) have been studied, aiming at increasing #alpha#-sialon in industrial applications as cutting tools. The friction and wear behaviour of sialon ceramics against steel DIN-Ck45K were investigated using a pin-on-disk tribometer under dry sliding conditions at room temperature, in order to eliminate the contribution of lubricant. The experiments were performed with a constant sliding velocity of 0.5 m/s and a contact stress of 2.85 ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The thermal degradation and crystallisation behaviours of polyamide12/isotactic polypropylene (PA12/PP) blends were studied. Effects of blend ratio and compatibiliser concentration on the thermal degradation properties of the blends were analysed. The activation energy for degradation in compatibilised and uncompatibilised blends computed using Horowitz-Metzger equation was reported. The blend ratio as well as the presence of compatibiliser has significant effect on the thermal stability of the blends. Phase morphology was found to be one of the decisive factors that affected the thermal stability of both uncompatibilised and compatibilised blends. Melting and crystallisation behaviours of the blends in the presence and absence of compatibiliser were evaluated. It was observed that blendin...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The load-carrying capacity and ultimate deformation capacity of timber-concrete composite systems can be significantly influenced by the ductility of the connection between the two materials. The use of more ductile connections can increase the load-carrying capacity of the composite system as well as its ultimate deformation capacity. In this work, the potential increase that might be expected for these two parameters due to the use of ductile connections will be assessed through numerical simulations, taking the non-linear behaviour of the connections into account. Furthermore, the connection ductility required to achieve the maximum load capacity depends on the mechanical properties of the connection as well as on the geometric and mechanical properties of the composite system. There ar...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Long crack fatigue threshold ({delta} K{sub th}) and crack closure behaviour of two thermomechanically processed microalloyed (MA) ferrite-pearlite steels are reported. {delta} K{sub th} and crack closure were measured using a dynamic compliance measurement technique. Crack closure was observed at low load ratios (R < 0.5) and the fatigue thresholds decreased with increasing load ratio. In both steels, the closure-free intrinsic threshold ({delta} K{sub eff} {sub th}) was found to be independent of the load ratio. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The post (neutron) -irradiation high-temperature tensile and creep-rupture properties, deformation and fracture characteristics of austenitic alloys, particularly solution annealed Type 316 steel, are surveyed and correlated with the damage structures developed as a function of irradiation temperature (and dose). The mechanisms proposed to explain the irradiation-induced changes in properties and behaviour are summarised. The factors responsible for the observed differences in the post-irradiation and 'in-reactor' creep-rupture properties and behaviour of an austenitic steel are discussed in terms of the helium gas and stress driven growth of small intergranular bubbles and the atom plating associated with their growth and coalescence. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The decontamination factor is studied as a function of laser fluence for three kinds of clad surfaces viz., plain zircaloy, autoclaved zircaloy and SS with cesium as the test contamination. It has been found that the decontamination factor exhibits a maximal behaviour with the laser fluence and its maximum value occurs at different laser fluences in the three cases. The maximal behaviour is attributed to reduced coupling of energy from the laser beam to the substrate due to the initiation of surface-assisted optical breakdown. The results obtained in the experiment carried out in helium environment qualitatively support this explanation (author)

Science.gov (United States)

In this project the influence of residual compression stresses on the stress corrosion cracking behaviour of the turbine disc steel 26 NiCrMoV 14 5 (Rp(sub 0.2) = 850 N/mm(sup 2)) was investigated. The residual compression stresses were produced by shot p...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

One of the main problems related to optical thin film materials used in high power laser environments is the catastrophic damage caused to them due to laser irradiation. While the influence of ion bombardment on the optical properties of oxide thin films is now a well understood subject, the morphology and crystalline behaviour of these films under ion incidence is not so well studied. Hence, it is of great importance to investigate the effects of ion bombardment during growth on the microstructure and crystalline behaviour of oxide materials.

Science.gov (United States)

Parenting programmes are effective interventions for preventing and treating conduct problems in young children. Up to 20% of children in disadvantaged areas have conduct disorder. Recent government initiatives such as targeting early years services to designated disadvantaged Flying Start areas in Wales have resulted in increased nursery-care provision for pre-schoolers, yet little has been done to equip nursery staff with effective child behaviour management strategies. The purpose of this non-randomised trial platform study was to establish the feasibility of delivery and the effectiveness of the new Incredible Years Toddler Parent Programme in supporting nursery staff in managing difficult behaviour in the nursery. The Parent Programme is a 12-session (a two-hour session/week) course for carers/parents of children aged one to three years old, which encourages carers to: establish positive relationships with children through play and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The structure of the P-2, S-1 accelerator mode with one step, S-1, on double period, P-2 for systems, described by the Harper mapping as well as by standard mapping, is analyzed. Detailed analysis of stability criteria is given and comparison with the results of numerical analysis is performed. Three-period compression of the P-2, S-1 island is revealed in the standard mapping. Refs. 7, figs. 7.

Science.gov (United States)

This is an inquiry-based module created specifically for use with the PhET simulation Geometric Optics. It includes a lesson plan for teaching about convex lenses, step-by-step student directions, and a set of Power Point "clicker" questions for use as warm-up questions or informal assessment. This resource is part of a larger collection of interactive Java simulations for students of physics, developed by the Physics Education Technology project at the University of Colorado.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Full text of publication follows: Different to the very simple class of homogeneous non-equilibrium models (HEM) an one dimensional thermal-hydraulic theoretical drift-flux based and thus non-homogeneous coolant channel model and, as a result, an in itself complete thermal-hydraulic coolant channel module CCM have been established allowing to simulate in a very general way the steady state and transient behaviour of the most important parameters of a single- or two-phase fluid flowing within any type of heated or non-heated coolant channel (with an eventually varying cross flow area). To avoid mathematical discontinuities at the transition from single- to two-phase flow the coolant channel will, in its general form, be split into different regions, i.e. be looked as a basic channel (BC) which can consist of a number of different flow regimes and can, accordingly, be subdivided into a number of sub-channels (SC-s). All of them belong, obviously, to only two types of ...

Science.gov (United States)

Dust detection and control in real time, represent one of the most challenging problem in all those environments where fine and ultrafine airborne particulate solids products are present. The presence of such products can be linked to several factors, often directly related and influenced by the working-production actions performed. Independently from the causes generating dust, airborne contaminants are an occupational problem of increasing interest as they are related to a wide number of diseases. In particular, airborne dusts are well known to be associated with several classical occupational lung diseases, such as the pneumoconiosis, especially at high levels of exposure. Nowadays there is also an increasing interest in other dust related diseases, from the most serious as cancer and asthma, to those related with allergies or irritation and other illnesses, also occurring at lower levels of exposure. Among the different critical factors influencing health risk for airborne dust ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract A fabrication process for Emitter-Wrap-Through solar cells on monocrystalline material with high quality gap passivation by wet thermal silicon dioxide is investigated. Masking and structuring steps are performed by screen-printing technology. Via-holes are created by an industrially applicable high-speed laser drilling process. The cell structure features a selective emitter structure fabricated in a single high temperature step: a highly doped emitter at the via-holes and the rear side, allowing for a low via-hole resistivity as well as a low resistivity contact to screen-printed pastes, and a moderately doped front side emitter exhibiting high quantum efficiency in the low wavelength range. Therefore a novel approach is applied depositing either doped or undoped PECVD silicon d...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Desulphurization of gasoline and kerosene was carried out using organic and inorganic oxidants. Among the organic oxidants used were hydrogen peroxide in combination with acetic acid, formic acid, benzoic acid and butyric acid, while inorganic oxidants used included potassium permanganate and sodium perchlorate. The oxidation of each petroleum oil was carried out in two steps; the first step consisted of oxidation of the feed at moderate temperature and atmospheric pressure while in the second step, the oxidized mixture was extracted with azeotropic mixture of acetonitrile-water. A maximum desulphurization has occurred with NaClO4 and hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid, which are 68% and 61%, respectively in case of gasoline and 66% and 63%, respectively in case of kerosene oil. The FTIR st...

CERN Document Server

Finding interesting rule in the sixth strategy step about threshold control on generalized relations in attribute oriented induction, there is possibility to select candidate attribute for further generalization and merging of identical tuples until the number of tuples is no greater than the threshold value, as implemented in basic attribute oriented induction algorithm. At this strategy step there is possibility the number of tuples in final generalization result still greater than threshold value. In order to get the final generalization result which only small number of tuples and can be easy to transfer into simple logical formula, the seventh strategy step about rule transformation is evolved where there will be simplification by unioning or grouping the identical attribute. Our approach to measure interesting rule is opposite with heuristic measurement approach by Fudger and Hamilton where the more complex concept ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Gravity Probe-B (GP-B) spacecraft, designed to test predictions of general relativity, will fly in the mid 1990s. It will carry four electrostatically suspended gyroscopes in a cryogenic environment and will have a drag-free control system to minimize disturbances on the gyroscopes. The Stanford Test of Equivalence Principle (STEP) spacecraft, to fly later, will carry a set of test masses under very similar conditions. The possibility of using differential measurements of the GP-B gyroscopes suspension forces and the STEP tests mass displacement readout to form single-axis gravity gradiometers is explored. It is shown that the noise in the suspension systems is sufficiently small in the relevant frequency range, and that enough information is collected to compensate for the spacecrafts' attitude motion. Finally, using Breakwell's flat-earth approximation, these experiments are compared to other geodesy experiments and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In a method for formulating a multi-component explosive composition, the steps are described comprising: (a) providing a defined body of unconsolidated particulate aluminum fuel granules having an average particle size within the range of 1/64-1/4 inch and an average bulk density within the range of 0.2-1.0 gm/cc; (b) providing a phase oxidizing liquid; and (c) flooding said body of particulate aluminum fuel of step (a) with the oxidizing liquid of step (b) to provide a bulk density of said mixture of oxidizing liquid and particulate aluminum fuel mass within the range of 1.2-1.7 gm/cc and provide an explosive formulation detonable at 20 C in a diameter of 4 inches by a one pound pentolite booster.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

One-dimensional core-shell polymer nanowires offer many advantages and great potential for many different applications. In this paper we introduce a highly versatile two-step template wetting process to fabricate two-component core-shell polymer nanowires with controllable shell thickness. PLLA and PMMA were chosen as model polymers to demonstrate the feasibility of this process. Solution wetting with different concentrations of polymer solutions was used to fabricate the shell layer and melt wetting was used to fill the shell with the core polymer. The shell thickness was analyzed as a function of the polymer solution concentration and viscosity, and the core-shell morphology was observed with TEM. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating polymer core-shell nanostructures using our two-step template wetting process and opens the arena for optimization and future experiments with polymers that are desirable for specific ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The investigated hybrid nanocomposite consists of a porous silicon template with electrochemically embedded Ni or Co nanostructures and offers magnetic characteristics which can be tailored by the electrochemical process parameters during fabrication. A twofold magnetic behaviour can be observed, a first one due to the spinmagnetism at magnetic fields below the saturation magnetization of the deposited metals and a second non-saturating term at higher fields (>1 T up to 7 T) above the saturation magnetization. In case of Ni deposited within the pores this non-saturating term shows a paramagnetic characteristic and follows exactly the Curie-Weiss law, whereas for Co/porous silicon samples the temperature dependent magnetization shows some deviations from the Curie Weiss law. In this high field region a difference in the temperature dependence between Ni and Co is observed whereas the non-saturating term does not depend on the geometry of the embedded ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper analyses the complex, non-linear effects of spot price drivers in wholesale electricity markets: their intra-day dynamics and transient irregularities. The context is the UK market, after the reforms introduced in March 2001, analysed with an original set of price drivers reflecting economic, technical, strategic, risk, behavioural and market design effects. Models are estimated separately as daily time-series of the 48 half-hourly trading periods. All coefficients exhibit substantial intra-day variation, relating to the heterogeneity of operating plants and market design aspects. This reveals a market responding to economic fundamentals and plant operating properties, with learning and emergent financial characteristics, as well as some strategic manipulation of capacity, most effectively exercised by the more flexible plants. Using regime-switching parameters, the effects of capacity margin and inter-day capacity adjustment are elucidated, suggesting ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coal washery wastes comprise tailings finer than 0.5 to 0.1 mm depending on the sophistication of the washery, and coarse reject, typically finer than 50 mm. Subaerial disposal of coal tailings slurry at about 30% solids by mass results in the formation of a delta with an average slope of about 1 in 100, representing one extreme. The ravelling of coarse reject on loose-dumping, results in an angle of repose slope with an angle of about 37{degree} (1 in 1.3), representing the other extreme. The pumped co-disposal of coal tailings and coarse reject results in the formation of an upper delta with an average slope of about to one in ten, between the two extremes. The depositional behaviour of these three waste streams is discussed and compared. The important depositional and material parameters, and a theoretical description of the processes involved, are also presented. Comparisons are made between the depositional behaviour of the various coal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The electrochemical behaviour of passive films formed on one austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) and one ferritic stainless steel (AISI 446) in solutions with pH between 0.6 and 8.4 was studied by capacitance measurements and photocurrent spectroscopy. Compositional characterization of the passive films was done by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The capacitance increases with decreasing pH. Doping densities evaluated from Mott-Schottky plots are in the range 2-6 x 10{sup 20} cm{sup -3} and increased with the pH in the neutral/alkaline range while in pH 0.6, values above 10{sup 21} cm{sup -3} were found. The bandgap energy indicates two transitions, at 2.5-2.8 and 3.2 eV. The analytical data reveal that, as the pH increased, the films become enriched in Fe(II) and Fe(III), whereas the Cr(III) gradually decreases. The films formed at very low pH had a behaviour that contrasts with that of the films formed in the neutral/alkaline media. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A self-optimizing pole-shifting control algorithm has been developed for an adaptive power system stabilizer (APSS) to improve its dynamic performance and autonomous operation. The proposed algorithm deals with the system frequency and time domain characteristics simultaneously to guarantee stability and to enhance the performance of the closed-loop system. The mechanism of discrete control system control limits influencing the closed loop system behaviour is studied. Short-term behaviour is studied by introducing the concept of a short-term behaviour index. With the introduction of dynamic control limits, an effective discrete control system design method is proposed. A PSS oriented power system dynamics simulation package (PSDSP) has been developed. Using the PSDSP, simulation studies were performed with the proposed APSS applied to a single machine and a multi machine power system. The performance of the APSS is ...

Medline Plus

... be able to watch the many intricate steps Dr. Richard Alexander must accomplish to remove the cancer. ... door to informed medical care. Now let's join Dr. Richard Alexander at the University of Maryland Medical ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Patient decision support systems have a promising role in the delivery of health care. However, the best approach for further development of these systems is a matter of speculation. To help chart a...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

One of the design targets for the ITER Tokamak Exhaust Processing system is not to lose more than 10"-"5 g h"-"1 into the Normal Vent Detritiation System of the Tritium Plant. The plasma exhaust gas, therefore, needs to be processed in a way that an overall tritium removal efficiency of about 10"8 is reached. Such a high decontamination factor can only be achieved by multistage processes. The third step of the three step CAPER process developed at the TLK is based on a so-called permeator catalyst (PERMCAT) reactor, a direct combination of a Pd/Ag permeation membrane and a catalyst bed. The PERMCAT principle is based on isotopic swamping in a counter current mode. Previous tritium experiments employing laboratory scale PERMCAT reactors have revealed decontamination factors as high as 10"5 for the third CAPER step. First tritium tests with a technical scale PERMCAT reactor led to similar decontamination factors and clearly ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Normal brain development requires a series of highly complex and interrelated steps. This process presents many opportunities for errors to occur, which could result in developmental defects...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Enzymes are versatile catalysts in laboratories and on an industrial scale; improving their immobilization would be beneficial to broadening their applicability and ensuring their (re)use. Lipid-coated...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

French scientists think they have discovered one of the key steps in the methanol-to-gasoline reaction pathway and their British counterparts have learned a new way of converting methanol into acetic acid without carbon monoxide.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks has been an intensively studied topic in bioinformatics since it constitutes an intermediate step from explorative to causative gene expression...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The adenovirus fiber knob causes the first step in the interaction of adenovirus with cell membrane receptors. To obtain information on the receptor binding site(s), the interaction of labeled cell...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

With the advent of subgenomic hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicons, studies of the intracellular steps of the viral replication cycle became possible. These RNAs are capable of self-amplification in cultured...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

PurposeAuto-propagation of anatomical region-of-interests (ROIs) from the planning CT to daily CT is an essential step in image-guided adaptive radiotherapy. The...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe binding of peptide fragments of antigens to class II MHC is a crucial step in initiating a helper T cell immune response. The identification of such peptide epitopes...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For supersonic plasma flow velocities, instead of the usual shelf-step profile seen for subsonic flow, an overdense bump and cavity is observed. The profile is stable for long times even for moderate power microwaves.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This paper summarizes the findings for the African Region of the WPA Task Force on Steps, Obstacles and Mistakes to Avoid in the Implementation of Community Mental Health Care. We present an overview...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The RNA packaging process for retroviruses involves a recognition event of the genome-length viral RNA by the viral Gag polyprotein precursor (PrGag), an important step in particle morphogenesis. The...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Purpose: Understanding the kinetics of tumor growth∕shrinkage represents a critical step in quantitative assessment of therapeutics and realization of adaptive radiation therapy....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

On 12 July the Audit Commission published For Your Information, a well researched report about information and its management in acute hospitals in Britain, how and why it is failing, and steps that...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We demonstrate a two-step process used to increase the hydrogen yield from sucrose and to relieve the pollution threat caused by resultant fatty acids in dark-fermentation. In batch tests of dark-fermentation using microflora, the maximum hydrogen production rate was >360 mL H{sub 2}/Lh and the maximum hydrogen yield was 3.67 mol H{sub 2}/mol sucrose. The fatty acids produced in dark-fermentation were mainly butyrate and acetate with a small amount of propionate, valerate, n-butyl alcohol, and caproate. Photo-fermentation with Rhodobacter sphaeroides SH2C was then employed to convert these small molecular fatty acids into hydrogen. The total hydrogen yield from sucrose increased from the maximum of 3.67 mol H{sub 2}/mol sucrose in dark-fermentation to 6.63 mol H{sub 2}/mol sucrose by using the two-step process. No butyrate, acetate, propionate, or valerate was detected in the final fermentation effluent after photo-fermentation. Our ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A process for the generation of halogens from halide-containing solutions includes the step of conducting electrolysis of the solutions in an electrolytic cell having a platinum based amorphous metal alloy anode.

Wastenet

... In recent years workers in this field have focused on nucleation by nano-porous materials . This was in part motivated by a theoretical study by Page and Sear (2006) who proposed a two step model for nucleation in pores which suggest that there is ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Merozoite surface proteins have been implicated in the initial attachment to the host red blood cell membrane that begins the process of invasion, an important step in the life cycle of the malaria...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Under anaerobic conditions, several species of green algae perform a light-dependent hydrogen production catalyzed by a special group of [FeFe] hydrogenases termed HydA. Although highly interesting...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

These steps are based on work done by the AIAA. Space-Based Observation Systems Committee on Standards (SBOS COS) as well as work done in this ..... Surface Weapons Center, Code B-10, Dahlgren, VA, 22448. Although it had many ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundNetwork visualization would serve as a useful first step for analysis. However, current graph layout algorithms for biological pathways are insensitive to biologically...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Detection and quantification of prion infectivity is a crucial step for various fundamental and applied aspects of prion research. Identification of cell lines highly sensitive to prion infection led...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In order to provide pigs a comfortable sleeping area in hot weather, a floor cooling system was designed and applied to production buildings. Experiments were conducted to compare the floor temperatures and to observe the lying behaviour of pigs in the sleeping area of the buildings with and without floor cooling system. The results showed that, without the floor cooling system, the floor temperature was nearly the same as the air temperature in the open pig house. With the floor cooling system, the floor temperature of the sleeping area was controlled at 22-26degreeC, even though the air temperature was as high as 34degreeC, which improved the comfort of the pigs in the sleeping area. The pig lying behaviour was greatly affected by the floor temperature. More than 85% of the pigs were lyi...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Glass ceramics are commonly used as sealing materials for planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The major requirements of stack and module builders for these materials are the stability of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), excellent bonding (sticking) behaviour and the absence of volatile ingredients, which can lead to changes of the material properties and the sealing ability. SCHOTT Electronic Packaging has developed special glasses and glass-ceramics for various solid oxide fuel cell designs and operating temperatures. The glass compositions are based on the system MgO-Al2O3-BaO-SiO2-B2O3. In this study the evaluation of the developed materials was done by high temperature aging tests for up to 1000h, high temperature XRD-studies and Rietveld calculations, combined with scann...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

SCDAP/RELAP5 code has been developed in US for best-estimate simulation of light water reactors transients during nuclear accidents. The code models the coupled behaviour of the cooling system, reactor core and fission products release during the accident. It is the result of the coupling between RELAP5, modelling thermal hydraulic, control system, reactor kinetics and the transport of noncondensable gases, and SCDAP code modelling the behaviour of the reactor core during severe accidents. The paper briefly presents the application of SCDAP/RELAP5 code to CANDU severe accident analysis. Also, the paper proposes a summary of the needs for development that could enhance the quality of the severe accidents related predictions in CANDU reactors. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

At-pseudohalogen compounds with SCN/sup -/ and CN/sup -/ were synthesized at the first time using At(THETA)/sup +/, At/sup 0/ and At/sup -/. Investigations of the electromigration behaviour of these compounds in free electrolytes in dependence on the SCN/sup -/ and CN/sup -/ concentrations and on pH permit deductions about compound formation and hydrolysis behaviour. The formation constant for At(SCN)/sub 2//sup -/ is 4x10/sup 2/ lxmol/sup -1/ at an ion strength of 0.05/sup 2/ molxl/sup -1/. Between pH 7 and 9 hydrolysis takes place resulting in At/sup -/. The same result has been found in the case of the hydrolysis of AtCl/sub 2//sup -/ and AtBr/sub 2//sup -/.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study aimed to explore the impact of perceived service quality and self-concept on consumer attitude and purchase process using channel type (physical and Internet) as a segmentation variable. From the perspective of consumer behaviour, this study attempted to estimate a relational model and perform an empirical validation using female cosmetics and skincare products as an example. It was discovered that the influence of perceived service quality and self-concept on consumer attitude, purchase intention and behaviour, satisfaction, and loyalty varied with channel type. The analysis result revealed that physical stores presented higher levels of agreement with all research perspectives than Internet stores. However, only two relational paths have a higher influencing effect in physical...

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In this paper we describe a modelling project to improve a nuclear waste management program in charge of the creation of a new system for the permanent disposal of nuclear waste. SADT (Structural Analysis and Design Technique) is used in order to provide a work-flow description of the functions to be performed by the waste management program. This description is then translated into a number of Coloured Petri Nets (CPN or CP-nets) corresponding to different program functions where additional behavioural inscriptions provide basis for simulation. Each of these CP-nets is simulated to produce timed event charts that are useful for understanding the behaviour of the program functions under different scenarios. Then all the CPN models are linked together to form a single stand-alone application that is useful for validating the interaction and cooperation between the different program functions. A technique for linking executable CPN models is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The low-cycle fatigue behaviour of copper and a-brass CuZn30 was investigated in uniaxial and biaxial tests. Planar biaxial fatigue tests were carried out using cruciform samples with proportional stain paths with and without phase shift between the two axes. Microcharacterisation was performed by electron microscopy as well as by high-resolution X-ray line profile analysis. The biaxial cyclic stress-strain curves show good agreement with the uniaxial ones using the von Mises equivalent strain hypothesis. The dislocation densities and microhardness values of the biaxial case, however, show significantly lower values compared to the uniaxial case at equivalent von Mises stresses.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Results of numerous experiments conducted over the past 15-years by using behavioural as well as brain imaging methods have shown that musical expertise influences brain anatomy, brain functions and behaviour. The musician- brain is thus considered as a very good model of brain plasticity. Moreover, many results have demonstrated that musical expertise not only impacts on music processing but also on several aspects of speech processing including lexical pitch, sentence intonation and the metric structure of words. Conversely, recent results indicated that linguistic expertise with tone or quantity languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Thai, Finnish and Japanese, influences the processing of harmonic tones and musical intervals. We discuss possible interpretations of these findings ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of weather and available protection on the behaviour of outdoor-wintered beef cattle (Bos taurus). A herd of 78-85 cattle head was studied during four winter months in the Southwest of Sweden. Protection was offered by coniferous forest situated on and around the 12ha pasture, which we divided into protection categories. During 240h we observed 10 cows and 10 heifers as focal animals (each 3h/month) during day time and adjusted observation times to the altitude of the sun. Close to the animals and at an unprotected spot of the pasture we measured temperature, wind speed and solar radiation and combined these variables to a single measure called Wind Chill Temperature (WCT). During observations the animals were in the forest in 12...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper presents the corrosion inhibition performance of soluble self-doped copolymers of aniline and 4-amino-3-hydroxy-naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization method. The corrosion inhibition behaviour of the copolymers in 1.0M HCl has been evaluated using Tafel Extrapolation method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) which was also used to propose the mechanism besides surface morphology. The results showed that the copolymer film exhibited the significant shifting in the corrosion potential and greater charge transfer resistance. The corrosion inhibition efficiency was found to increase from 50% to 90% by increasing the concentration of copolymer from 10 to 70mg/l in HCl medium. Moreover, the copolymer showed the larger degree of surf...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors study, in forced convection, the evaporation of an Ostwaldian film flowing over an isothermal inclined plane surface to determine the influence of the behaviour index of the liquid on the dynamic and thermal characteristics of liquid-air system. The liquid flow is considered partially two-dimensional whereas for the air it is two-dimensional. The coupled equations with the interfacial conditions are solved using a fully implicit finite differences method. From the study, it appears that the behaviour index influences considerably the transfers which are more important for pseudo-plastic liquids than for dilatant ones. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of a sawtooth crash on the radial distribution of the slowing down fusion product tritons and on beams ions, is examined with measurements of the 2.5 MeV and 14 MeV neutron emission line-integrals before and after sawtooth crashes. In deuterium discharges, the 14 MeV neutron production was wholly attributable to burnup of the 1 MeV fusion product tritons from d-d fusion. The local emissivity of 14 MeV neutrons, and hence of the profile of thermalizing tritons, is shown to be only weakly affected by crashes in the discharges studied. This is in contradiction with the apparent behaviour of injected beam ions as deduced from a study of the considerable changes in local emissivity of the 2.5 MeV neutrons. Nevertheless, the behaviour of the fusion product tritons is consistent with the scaling of the beam injected deuterium. 1 ref., 6 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A detailed chemical kinetic model to describe the autoignition of gasoline surrogate fuels is presented consisting of the fuels iso-octane, n-heptane, toluene, diisobutylene and ethanol. Model predictions have been compared with shock tube ignition delay time data for surrogates of gasoline over practical ranges of temperature and pressure, and the model has been found to be sensitive to both changes in temperature and pressure. Moreover, the model can qualitatively predict the observed synergistic and antagonistic non-linear blending behaviour in motor octane number (MON) for different combinations of primary reference fuels (PRFs) and non-PRFs by correlating calculated autoignition delay times from peak pressures and temperatures in the MON test to experimental MON values. The reasons for the blending behaviour are interpreted in terms autoignition chemistry. 37 refs., 11 figs., 4 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The study of passive films formed on a nickel base alloy type Inconel 600 is performed by capacitance measurements (Mott-Schottky approach). This research is supported by the passivation study of the alloying elements Ni, Cr, Fe and high purity alloys Ni-Cr, Ni-Fe, Ni-Cr-Fe. The results obtained show that the capacitive behaviour of the Inconel 600 in the passive state is similar to that on a p-n heterojunction to which a barrier zone of nickel oxide is added. The individual or combined action of alloying elements on the development of this kind of electronic structure is discussed. (authors). 5 refs., 6 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Three experiments were conducted to study the behaviour of the new horizontal steam generator construction of the PACTEL test facility. In the experiments the secondary side coolant level was reduced stepwise. The experiments were calculated with two computer codes RELAP5/MOD3.1 and APROS version 2.11. A similar nodalization scheme was used for both codes so that the results may be compared. Only the steam generator was modeled and the rest of the facility was given as a boundary condition. The results show that both codes calculate well the behaviour of the primary side of the steam generator. On the secondary side both codes calculate lower steam temperatures in the upper part of the heat exchange tube bundle than was measured in the experiments. (orig.) 4 refs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

There is increasing evidence that adolescence, like early life, is a sensitive period in which ongoing brain development can be influenced by environmental factors. This review describes our use of social instability as a model of mild adolescent social stress, its effects on social interactions and on hypothalamic?pituitary?adrenal function over the course of the procedure and in response to new stressors. The effects of social instability are sex-specific, with qualitative differences between the sexes on HPA function over the course of the stressor procedure, and with greater effects in males on behaviour observed during the social instability and greater effects in females on behavioural responses to drugs of abuse into adulthood, long after the stress exposure. The results from invest...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Macroautophagy is a multistep, vacuolar, degradation pathway terminating in the lysosomal compartment, and it is of fundamental importance in tissue homeostasis. In this review, we consider macroautophagy in the light of recent advances in our understanding of the formation of autophagosomes, which are double-membrane-bound vacuoles that sequester cytoplasmic cargos and deliver them to lysosomes. In most cases, this final step is preceded by a maturation step during which autophagosomes interact with the endocytic pathway. The discovery of AuTophaGy-related genes has greatly increased our knowledge about the mechanism responsible for autophagosome formation, and there has also been progress in the understanding of molecular aspects of autophagosome maturation. Finally, the regulation of au...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This report issued by the Energy Economics Group and the Laboratory for Energy Systems Analysis at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) analyses current and future trends in the area of energy and mobility on a global, European level as well as with respect to the German-speaking countries Austria, Germany and Switzerland. In a first step, developments with regard to how mobility is achieved and the energy consumption involved are examined and the impact of business-as-usual trends on global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and future fuel consumption is discussed. In a second step, the paper outlines potential alternative futures in terms of energy and mobility. Finally, the paper derives and presents recommendations for policy-makers.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This handbook breaks down the complex field of nuclear reactor calculations into major steps. Each step presents a detailed analysis of the problems to be solved, the parameters involved, and the elaborate computer programs developed to perform the calculations. This book bridges the gap between nuclear reactor theory and the implementation of that theory, including the problems to be encountered and the level of confidence that should be given to the methods described. Volume III: Control Rods and Burnable Absorber Calculations. Perturbation Theory for Nuclear Reactor Analysis. Thermal Reactors Calculations. Fast Reactor Calculations. Seed-Blanket Reactors. Index.

CERN Document Server

An ideal introduction to the entire process of setting up a Web site using PHP (a scripting language), MySQL (a database management system), and Apache (a Web server)* Programmers will be up and running in no time, whether they're using Linux or Windows servers* Shows readers step by step how to create several Web sites that share common themes, enabling readers to use these examples in real-world projects* Invaluable reading for even the experienced programmer whose current site has outgrown the traditional static structure and who is looking for a way to upgrade to a more efficient, user-f

CERN Document Server

A cost effectively method to fabricate nanopores in silicon by only using the conventional wet-etching technique is developed in this research. The main concept of the proposed method is a two-step etching process, including a premier double-sided wet etching and a succeeding track-etching. A special fixture is designed to hold the pre-etched silicon wafer inside it such that the track-etching can be effectively carried out. An electrochemical system is employed to detect and record the ion diffusion current once the pre-etched cavities are etched into a through nanopore. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can cost effectively fabricate nanopores in silicon.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Because of good thermal insulation of advanced energetic buildings and their good airtightness the air hygiene is insufficient. A normal ventilation behaviour by window opening consumes too much heating energy. A calculation method is shown taking into account a required air change number, flow rate and indoor air quality as thermal comfort in the rooms occupied by different number of persons. (GL)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A comparative study by Eu-L/sub III/ X-ray absorption and /sup 151/Eu-Moessbauer spectroscopy is presented for the EuPd/sub 2-x/Au/sub x/ Si/sub 2/ series. Possible ways to distinguish between mixed-valent behaviour and final-state effects in the L/sub II /I-edge spectra are discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The principal types of corrosion are presented which can occur in CANDU steam generator. There are also presented the operation conditions, the specifications referring to the water chemistry and the construction materials of Steam Generator, the factors that have a great influence on the corrosion behaviour during the whole exploitation period of this equipment. The most important elements of CANDU Steam Generator ageing management program are also discussed. (R. P.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The influence of various alloy elements on tensile strength of the eutectic, directionally solidified superalloy 73 C was determined. The tensile properties of the base alloy has been increased by Al, Y and C as alloying elements, while Ni and Ti showed a decreasing effect (alloy softening). However, ductility and thermo-fatigue behaviour had been influenced in a positive way by these elements. The specific meachanism caused by the different elements are discussed. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The purpose of work is systematical studying of benzo (B) of thiophene-1,1-dioxides and their 2,3-di-hydro derivatives behaviour in the reactions of electrophflic, radical, nucleophilic nitration, reduction of nitro group, embodiment of synthesis of N-amino derivatives, investigation of sulfur containing hetero-cyclic compounds, including of residues of some steroids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Momentum- and speed-dependent Maxwell-Boltzmann equilibrium distributions have been derived for tachyons and compared with the corresponding relativistic distributions. This is followed by a calculation of the mean, most probable and r.m.s. speeds for both the relativistic and tachyonic distributions. The ideal gas of tachyons is discussed, including calculations of the internal energy and entropy. In each case a comparison is made with the corresponding bradyonic results. It is found that tachyons behave just like bradyons in the high-temperature limit, but have markedly different behaviour at low temperatures.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paper estimates the corrosion resistance and studies the character of dissolving of silicon-bearing austenite stainless steels in strongly oxidizing media containing phosphate and fluoride admixtures. Corrosion behaviour of the studied steels is determined to depend essentially on the content of admixture or alloying silicon, as well as, on their phase composition in many respects determined by the thermal treatment condition. Refs. 22, figs. 1, tabs. 2.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Second International Seminar on Horizontal Steam Generator Modelling was arranged to continue the international cooperation that was started during the first seminar in March 1991. The main topics of the seminar were: (1) further experimental results on horizontal steam generator behaviour, (2) resent developments in modelling, (3) results on analyses and studies on primary-to-secondary side leakages, and (4) results of the common exercise calculations.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The investigations of lignite hydroliquefaction were aimed at improving reaction control in order to minimize residue and gas portion and hence increase the oil yield. To reach this goal, the process parameters were optimized and various catalysts tested for use in sump phase hydrogenation. Detailed investigations were also carried out on the problem of calcium carbonate agglomeration and the maceral decomposition behaviour of different lignite samples under hydrogenation conditions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The goal of this lecture is to give an overview of important concepts connected to organisational factors and to provide an understanding of mechanisms by which they can contribute to safe or unsafe behaviour of people. The lecture gives examples of ways to organise work, organisational deficiencies and good practices applied in safety oriented organisations. The lecture also gives an introduction to international work and Finnish national regulation connected to organisation and management. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Analytical expressions for thermoluminescence (TL) dating based on the modified Zimmerman model were derived. The non-linear behaviour of TL sensitivity is reexamined and is found to be due to electron capturing competitions in both test-dose excitation and the readout stages. A curve fitting method is proposed to determine the paleodose for the additive dose dating method. The multiple activation technique is also investigated, from which the paleodose should be regarded as an upper limit.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nanocrystalline materials can exhibit properties which are considerably different from their coarse-grained counterparts, making them unique for basic or applied research and also very promising for potential applications. The topics which are addressed in the present paper are magnetic properties and magnetic correlations on the nanometer scale, mechanical properties, in particular the influence of grain boundaries on the elastic and plastic behaviour, and vibration models of grain boundary atoms in nanostructured materials. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

University research group with research areas: * Land based and submersible autonomous robots, (UUVs: AUVs and ROVs); * Controllers, electronics, sensor design and fusion, motion control; * Guidance and navigation of underwater vehicles; * AI, neural networks, fuzzy logic, subsumption control, behaviour based control; * Optical fibre and ultrasonic sensors for proximal object detection; * Robot arm control, visual servoing; * Imaging sonar applications; * Simulator development: UUV simulator; imaging sonar simulator; Aircraft/flight simulator.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of powder samples of heavy rare-earth (Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb) tungstates have been reported in the temperature range 300 to 900 K. Curie-Weiss law behaviour has been observed for all samples. The Curie constant, paramagnetic Curie temperature and magneton number for the magnetic ions have also been evaluated for each material. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A thesis is presented on improving the understanding of the fatigue properties of wood and fatigue failure mechanisms in the design of wind turbine blades. Three main areas were researched: the effect of R ratio on fatigue life, the effect of moisture on fatigue life and the development of cumulative damage laws. Tests were carried out on mainly four-ply laminates. Recommendations to future work are outlined. (U.K.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It if first shown, that the effective field of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of Fe-Cr-P-C and Fe-Ni-B-Si system amorphous alloys is reduced with an increase of the source melt isothermal exposure time. The behaviour noted is conditioned by microcoherence and relaxation processes in the nonequilibrium liquid phase after crystal-liquid phase transition.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The relationships of hydrogen alloyed #beta#-titanium alloy deformation behaviour to its microstructure and texture are investigated. It is shown that plasticity increases and strain induced texture changes at low hydrogen contents (0.1-0.2 mass %). Possible mechanisms responsible for specific features of #beta#-Ti alloy deformation are discussed. The study is made using alloy VT35 doped with hydrogen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The article, following and completing the issues dealt with in part 1 (CH4 Energia Metano, 1/99, p. 7), describe the operating characteristic and construction features of molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cells (MCFC and SOFC). For the latter type, construction cost are evaluated by various authors and research institutes. The article ends by presenting some tables showing the classification and the main characteristics of various fuel cells, and well as the effect of some gases on the behaviour of some of them.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Experimental results are presented on the quasi-statistic polarization reversal and on the effect of high dc electric field on the behaviour of LiNH_4SO_4 and LiND_4SO_4 monocrystals, namely in the vicinity of the II-III phase transformation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Superplasticity can be generally achieved by grain boundary sliding (GBS). The GBS in polycrystalline materials sometimes accompanies with intergranular fracture because of stress concentrations at triple points and/or GB irregularities. To develop the superplastic flow, it is necessary to suppress the intergranular cracking. In the present study, therefore, polycrystalline molybdenum with distinct GB microstructures, such as grain boundary character distribution (GBCD), has been employed to clarify the relationship between fracture behaviour and GB microstructures. Microstructures were analyzed using a FE-SEM/EBSP/OIM system prior to 4-points bending tests at 77K, thereafter, crack propagation was observed. The main results obtained are as follows. Stress fluctuations on stress - strain curves were observed for specimens with random oriented grains, whereas such behaviour rarely occurred for ones with textured grains. Difference in the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An original dc double anode plasma torch which provides a long-time and highly stable atmospheric plasma jet has been devised for the purpose of hazardous waste treatment. The arc fluctuations and dynamic behaviour of the argon and argon-nitrogen plasma jets under different operating conditions have been investigated by means of classical tools, such as the statistic method, fast Fourier transform (FFT) and correlation analysis. In our experiments, the takeover mode is identified as the fluctuation characteristic of the argon plasma jet while the restrike mode is typical in the argon-nitrogen plasma dynamic behaviour. In the case of pure argon, the FFT and correlation calculation results of electrical signals exhibit the only characteristic frequency of 150 Hz, which originates from the torch power and is independent of any change in the operating conditions. It indicates that the nature of fluctuations in an argon plasma jet is mainly induced ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The kinetic parameters, ..cap alpha.. the coupling coefficient and tau-bar the mean neutron transit time have been determined using a reactor oscillator on the coupled-core of the Queen Mary College research reactor. By using correlation techniques it has proved possible to use detectors small enough to be inserted in the fuel tanks. It is shown that the simplified Baldwin model with one-group diffusion theory is inadequate to describe the kinetic behaviour and the experimentally-determined parameters are dependent upon the positioning of the detectors.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gas turbines are used where large amounts of energy is needed, typically as engines in aircraft, ferries and power plants. From an efficiency point of view it is desirable to increase the service temperature as much as possible. One of the limiting factors is then the maximum allowable metal temperatures in the turbine stages, primarily in the blades of the first stage, that are exposed to the highest gas temperatures. Specially designed materials are used to cope with these severe conditions, such as the nickel base superalloy IN792. In order to be able to design the components for higher temperatures and tighter tolerances, a detailed understanding and computationel models of the material behaviour is needed. The models presented in this work have been developed with the objective of being physically well motivated, and with the intention of avoiding excessive numbers of parameters. The influence of the parameters should also be as easy as possible to interpret. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The early accident Sequence of the Station Blackout accident is simulated for Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant, using MELCOR code. The radioactivity of main fission products was derived after calculating the source term in containment. The data will be used for Daya Bay NPP PSA analysis

CERN Document Server

We study the high energy behaviour of Yang-Mills theory under the inclusion of gravity. In the weak-gravity limit, the running gauge coupling receives no contribution from the gravitational sector, if all symmetries are preserved. This holds true with and without cosmological constant. We also show that asymptotic freedom persists in general field-theory-based gravity scenarios including gravitational shielding as well as asymptotically safe gravity.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An interpretive theory of trace impurity transport in tokamaks is presented. It is based on an earlier phenomenological approach developed by the authors for describing tokamak plasma transport experiments. The present model is used to explain disparate phenomena observed in ALCATOR C and DITE in a unified phenomenological framework. Predictive numerical calculations are presented for DITE conditions. If experimentally confirmed, the model could be used to correlate plasma properties with trace impurity behaviour. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Full text of publication follows: General simulation objectives of any fire analysis are macroscopic in nature and deals with the grass data in respect of fire/smoke spread, structural behaviour, environmental conditions etc. However, the accuracy of predicting such macroscopic parameters is a strong function of several other microscopic parameters which govern the overall macroscopic behaviour. Some of the microscopic parameters of interesting such analysis could be buoyancy induced stable/unstable flows, relative flame behaviour, baroclinic velocity distribution etc. Only the field based fire modelling approach is capable of calculating several of these by way of detailed CFD based field modelling. One of the best known tool that could be employed for such studies is the Fire Dynamics simulator (FDS) from NIST with its popular LES based fire modelling approach. Advanced LES based fire modelling scores over the ...

CERN Document Server

In this paper, we describe our vectorized and parallelized adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) N-body code with shared time steps, and report its performance on a Fujitsu VPP5000 vector-parallel supercomputer. Our AMR N-body code puts hierarchical meshes recursively where higher resolution is required and the time step of all particles are the same. The parts which are the most difficult to vectorize are loops that access the mesh data and particle data. We vectorized such parts by changing the loop structure, so that the innermost loop steps through the cells instead of the particles in each cell, in other words, by changing the loop order from the depth-first order to the breadth-first order. Mass assignment is also vectorizable using this loop order exchange and splitting the loop into $2^{N_{dim}}$ loops, if the cloud-in-cell scheme is adopted. Here, $N_{dim}$ is the number of dimension. These vectorization schemes which ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Step-scan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with impulse stress on polymer films has been used to monitor dynamic rheological responses in real time. A novel piezo-electrically-driven polymer microrheometer was employed to apply repetitive impulses to the polymer sample while time-domain spectra were recorded. Recent results include the study of both semi-crystalline polymers such as isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and elastomers such as Estane polyester/polyurethane copolymer and Kraton tri-block copolymer. The spectral changes of iPP are consistent with frequency-domain results. For iPP at room temperature, large differences in the response times of different absorption bands are not seen. However, the orientation response of the CH{sub 3} rocking mode is slightly slower than the responses of the backbone modes. To the authors` knowledge, this is the first reported successful step-scan FTIR time-domain dynamic polymer ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Solar syngas production from CO"2 and H"2O is considered in a two-step thermochemical cycle via Zn/ZnO redox reactions, encompassing: 1) the ZnO thermolysis to Zn and O"2 using concentrated solar radiation as the source of process heat, and 2) Zn reacting with mixtures of H"2O and CO"2 yielding high-quality syngas (mainly H"2 and CO) and ZnO; the ZnO is recycled to the first, solar step, resulting in net reaction @bCO"2 + (1 - @b)H"2O -> @bCO + (1 - @b)H"2. Syngas is further processed to liquid hydrocarbon fuels via Fischer-Tropsch or other catalytic processes. Second-law thermodynamic analysis is applied to determine the cycle efficiencies attainable with and without heat recuperation for varying molar fractions of CO"2:H"2O and solar reactor temperatures in the range 1900-2300 K. Conside...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Zirconium and particularly Zr-2.5wt%Nb (Zr2.5Nb) alloy are useful for engineering bearing applications because they can be oxidized in air to form a hard surface ceramic. Oxidized zirconium (OxZr) due to its abrasion resistant ceramic surface and biocompatible substrate alloy has been used as a bearing surface in total joint arthroplasty for several years. OxZr is characterized by hard zirconium oxide (oxide) formed on Zr2.5Nb using one step thermal oxidation carried out in air. Because the oxide is only at the surface, the bulk material behaves like a metal, with high toughness. The oxide, furthermore, exhibits high adhesion to the substrate because of an oxygen-rich diffusion hardened zone (DHZ) interposing between the oxide and the substrate. In this study, we demonstrate a two step pro...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ge pre-amorphisation step is used to reduce the high diffusivity and the transient-enhanced diffusion of boron implanted in silicon. The aim of the process is to obtain shallow P{sup +}N junctions. The pre-amorphisation step was performed under different conditions (in ambient temperature and in nitrogen). Following the rapid thermal annealing step, end of range (EOR) defects appear at the amorphous-crystalline interface. These defects could influence the electrical characteristics of the P{sup +}N junctions. An experimental study concerning three samples has been performed without and under a magnetic field of 800 G. The magnetic susceptibility was essentially observed in the case of the reverse current. The impact of the magnetic field, studied by varying the sample temperature, permits us to show an increase of the magnetic susceptibility when the defects present in such structures are electrically active. These results ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A detailed kinetic study of the epoxidation of 1-octene with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by Pt(II) complexes is reported. The two systems analyzed were (diphoe)Pt(CF/sub 3/)(OH)/1-octene/H/sub 2/O/sub 2//THF and ((diphoe)Pt(CF/sub 3/)(CH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/))BF/sub 4//1-octene/H/sub 2/O/sub 2//H/sub 2/O/CH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/. Rate data were determined with GLC from epoxide formed vs time plots. Evidence for many of the organometallic intermediates and the individual steps involved was gained from IR studies, /sup 19/F NMR studies, and especially designed experiments including studies of the acidity effect. In both cases the kinetic analysis suggests a mechanism in which the actual oxidant is a PtOOH species that interacts with a Pt-olefin complex in the oxygen-transfer step (second-order dependence on platinum). 29 references, 12 figures, 3 tables.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The 2-step low temperature plasma processes (the combined carburizing and post-nitriding) were carried out for improving both the surface hardness and corrosion resistance of AISI 316L stainless steel. The effects of processing time and temperature on the surface properties during nitriding step were investigated. The expanded austenite (#gamma#N)was formed on all of the treated surface. The thickness of #gamma#N was increased up to about 20 #mu#m and the thickness of entire hardened layer was determined to be about 40 #mu#m. The surface hardness reached up to 1,200 HV_0_._1 which is about 5 times higher than that of untreated sample (250 HV_0_._1). The thickness of #gamma#N and concentration of N on the surface were increased with increasing processing time and temperature. The corrosion resistance in 2-step low temperature plasma processed austenitic stainless steels was enhanced more than that in the untreated austenitic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes the electrical design and mechanical construction of a 50 kA step switched'' battery bank. Individual fuses protect each of the forty parallel isolated strings of three series (12 V) batteries. Step current waveforms of 12.5 kA, 25 kA, 37.5 kA, and 50 kA are produced by 8 sets of pneumatically driven 20 pole step switches and current limiting stainless steel trombone'' resistors. Inexpensive, yet conservatively designed, Group 65 Motorcraft car batteries are used to give an I{sup 2}t capability of better than 5 {times} 10{sup 9}. The battery bank has well over 1500 shots, with testing of commercial switchgear continuing. In addition to the battery bank engineering data, results of repetitive testing of vacuum interrupters at their I{sup 2}t limit will be provided. 8 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

High temperature components of power plants are in many cases subjected to variable loading conditions such as cyclic creep or strain cycling. Therefore the cyclic behaviour of important heat resistant steels has been investigated under stress control and to a smaller extent under strain control. The behaviour under cyclic creep rupture conditions was determined in long term experiments covering a wide range of loading conditions. This behaviour can be described with the modified life fraction rule and a factor concept of relative life for single stage cycles and additionally with a multistep hypothesis for multi-stage cycles. The description can be adapted to estimate the life consumption under service type random conditions. The strain cycling behaviour was investigated in regard to the conditions of the heated surface of large components. To simulate this type of loading and to generate long term ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

"2"0"3Pb, an ideal radionuclide for toxicological studies, can be artificially produced by bombardment of a thallium target but due to the extreme toxicity of thallium the lead has to be separated completely from the thallium. A single step method is here described consisting of removing the thallium from a dilute acid chloride solution using a continuous ethyl ether extraction. Essentially all of the thallium and almost none of the lead is removed in a 3-hr extraction. Because the ether is recycled, only about 30 ml are needed. If other contaminants are introduced from the bombardment and its subsequent manipulations, an additional step is used in which the lead is extracted from an iodide solution with methyl isopropyl keton. (U.K.).

CERN Document Server

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are probabilistic functions of finite Markov chains, or, put in other words, state space models with finite state space. In this paper we examine subspace estimation methods for HMMs whose output lies a finite set as well. In particular we study the geometric structure arising from the non-minimality of the linear state space representation of HMMs, and consistency of a subspace algorithm arising from a certain factorisation of the singular value decomposition of the estimated linear prediction matrix. For this algorithm we show that the estimates of the transition and emission probability matrices are consistent up to a similarity transformation, and that the m-step linear predictor computed from the estimated system matrices is consistent, i.e. converges to the true optimal linear m-step predictor.