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Sample records for sa-ce brazil 1997-1998

  1. Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis among children in Brazil, 1997-1998 Epidemiologia de meningites bacterianas entre crianças no Brasil, 1997 a 1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Débora PL Weiss

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To document the incidence and the descriptive epidemiology of bacterial meningitis among individuals under age 20 in a geographically defined region in Brazil during the two-year period immediately preceding the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib vaccines into the national immunization program of Brazil. METHODS: Population-based epidemiological study of all cases of bacterial meningitis reported among residents of Campinas, Brazil, under age 20 (n=316,570 during the period of 1997-98, using comprehensive surveillance records compiled by the Campinas Health Department from cases reported among hospital inpatients, outpatients, emergency room visits, death certificates, and autopsy reports. RESULTS: The incidence of bacterial meningitis (n=274 was 334.9, 115 and 43.5 cases/10(5 person-years (pys for residents of Campinas under age 1, 5 and 20, respectively. All cases were hospitalized, with an average length of stay of 12 days. Documented prior antibiotic use was 4.0%. The case-fatality rate of bacterial meningitis in individuals under age 20 was 9% (24/274 with 75% of deaths occurring in children under the age of five. The incidence of Hib meningitis (n=26 was 62.8 and 17 cases/10(5 pys in children age OBJETIVO: Documentar a incidência e a epidemiologia descritiva de meningites bacterianas entre pessoas com idade inferior a 20 anos em uma região geográfica definida do Brasil. O período foi de dois anos, imediatamente anterior à introdução da vacina contra Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib, no Programa Nacional de Imunização do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico populacional dos casos de meningites bacterianas notificados entre residentes em Campinas, SP, Brasil, com idade inferior a 20 anos (n=316.570, entre 1997 e 1998. Baseia-se em dados de notificação da vigilância epidemiológica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Campinas, relatados entre casos provenientes de pacientes hospitalizados

  2. Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis among children in Brazil, 1997-1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Débora PL Weiss

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To document the incidence and the descriptive epidemiology of bacterial meningitis among individuals under age 20 in a geographically defined region in Brazil during the two-year period immediately preceding the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib vaccines into the national immunization program of Brazil. METHODS: Population-based epidemiological study of all cases of bacterial meningitis reported among residents of Campinas, Brazil, under age 20 (n=316,570 during the period of 1997-98, using comprehensive surveillance records compiled by the Campinas Health Department from cases reported among hospital inpatients, outpatients, emergency room visits, death certificates, and autopsy reports. RESULTS: The incidence of bacterial meningitis (n=274 was 334.9, 115 and 43.5 cases/10(5 person-years (pys for residents of Campinas under age 1, 5 and 20, respectively. All cases were hospitalized, with an average length of stay of 12 days. Documented prior antibiotic use was 4.0%. The case-fatality rate of bacterial meningitis in individuals under age 20 was 9% (24/274 with 75% of deaths occurring in children under the age of five. The incidence of Hib meningitis (n=26 was 62.8 and 17 cases/10(5 pys in children age <1 and <5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of Hib meningitis in children under the age of 5 in Campinas during 1997-98 was similar to that reported in the US, Western Europe, and Israel prior to widespread Hib vaccine use in those regions. This study provides a baseline for later studies to evaluate changes in the etiology and incidence of bacterial meningitis in children after introduction of routine Hib vaccination in Brazil.

  3. Labor report 1997-1998; Informe de labores 1997-1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-12-01

    In agreement with the disposition in the 93 rd Article of the Mexican United States Constitution Policy, the National Institute for Nuclear Research, which is directed as decentralized public organization of the Federal Government presents its labor report corresponding to the period 1997-1998. The Institution purpose is to perform research and development in the nuclear sciences and technology fields, as well as to promote the peaceful uses of the nuclear energy and divulging the advances reached for entailing them to the economic, social, scientific and technological development of the country. (Author)

  4. KURRI progress report, 1997. April 1997 - March 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-11-01

    This is a progress report of the activities of the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University (KURRI) during the fiscal year of 1997. The reactor added 1931 hours of operation during the year and 1647 researchers visited KURRI to perform 177 experimental applications or to attend 13 symposia and 4 workshops. The installation of a temperature controlled irradiation facility in the reactor core was carried out during the reactor shutdown from Feb. 16 to Jun. 5, 1998. After a week of testing, user operation of the reactor was officially launched on Jun. 16, 1998. The renewal of the instrumentation and control system of the reactor is scheduled and the upgrading of utilization facilities is expected in 1998. Being assigned to a Center of Excellence (COE) in the field of nuclear and radiation sciences, KURRI decided to receive a check and review by outside scientists including foreign ones in order to maintain an active situation and a leadership. (M.N.)

  5. Labor report 1997-1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares

    1998-01-01

    In agreement with the disposition in the 93 rd Article of the Mexican United States Constitution Policy, the National Institute for Nuclear Research, which is directed as decentralized public organization of the Federal Government presents its labor report corresponding to the period 1997-1998. The Institution purpose is to perform research and development in the nuclear sciences and technology fields, as well as to promote the peaceful uses of the nuclear energy and divulging the advances reached for entailing them to the economic, social, scientific and technological development of the country. (Author)

  6. Proceeding of the Seminar of Research Result of Multipurpose Reactor Center Year of 1997/1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jujuratisbela, U.

    1998-08-01

    The proceeding contained papers presented in seminar on research results of Multipurpose Reactor Center year 1997/1998 held on June 9-10, 1998 in Serpong, Indonesia. These papers are the significant result of research activities conducted in the Multipurpose Reactor Center, National Atomic Energy Agency during fiscal year of 1997/1998. There are 37 article which have separated index. (ID)

  7. Fiscal year 1997-1998 waste information requirements document

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poppiti, J.A.

    1997-01-01

    The Waste Information Requirements Document describes the activities of the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) Characterization Project that provide characterization information on Hanford Site waste tanks. The characterization information is required to perform operations and meet the commitments of TWRS end users. These commitments are derived from the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order, also known as the Tri-Party Agreement; the Recommendation 93-5 Implementation Plan to the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB); and other directives as listed in Section 4.0. This Waste Information Requirement Document applies to Fiscal Years 1997 and 1998 activities. Its contents are based on the best information available in August 1997. The format and content are based on the directions of DOE-RL (Sieracki, 1997) and Fluor Daniel Hanford Incorporated (Umek, 1997). Activities, such as the revision of the Tank Characterization Technical Sampling Basis (Brown et al. 1997), the revision of the data quality objectives (DQOs), issue closures, discussions with Ecology, and management decisions may cause subsequent updates to the Waste Information Requirements Document

  8. AGS experiments -- 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999. Fifteenth edition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lo Presti, P.

    1999-03-01

    This report is a compilation of two-page summaries for AGS experiments for FY 1996, FY 1997, FY 1998, FY 1999. The bulk of the experiments are for high energy physics and nuclear physics programs. Also included are the run schedules for the AGS for each of those years and a listing of publications of AGS experiments for 1982--1999.

  9. AGS experiments - 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999. Fifteenth edition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lo Presti, P.

    1999-03-01

    This report is a compilation of two-page summaries for AGS experiments for FY 1996, FY 1997, FY 1998, FY 1999. The bulk of the experiments are for high energy physics and nuclear physics programs. Also included are the run schedules for the AGS for each of those years and a listing of publications of AGS experiments for 1982--1999

  10. JAERI tandem and V.D.G. annual report 1997. April 1, 1997 - March 31, 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takeuchi, Suehiro; Ikezoe, Hiroshi; Chiba, Satoshi; Sataka, Masao; Nagame, Yuichiro; Takemori, Satoshi; Iwamoto, Akira

    1998-10-01

    This annual report describes research activities which have been performed with the JAERI tandem accelerator and the Van de Graaff accelerator from April 1, 1997 to March 31, 1998. Summary reports of 40 papers, and lists of publication, personnel and cooperative researches with universities are contained. (author)

  11. Desigualdade social e saúde no Brasil Social inequality and health in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Neri

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Esse artigo estuda a relação entre desigualdade social e saúde no Brasil. A estratégia usada foi avaliar as necessidades e o consumo dos serviços de saúde, bem como o acesso a seguro saúde ao longo da distribuição de renda. Adicionalmente, por meio da estimação de uma regressão logística, foram avaliados outros determinantes do consumo dos serviços de saúde, com o intuito de se conhecer aonde e quem utiliza esses serviços no país. Os dados foram extraídos da Pesquisas Nacional de Amostra por Domicilio da Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística levada a campo em 1998. Em geral, observou-se que os indivíduos nos primeiros décimos da distribuição de renda têm pior acesso a seguro saúde, necessitam de maiores cuidados médicos, mas consomem menos os serviços de saúde. As outras características extra rendimento indicam que os principais determinantes para o consumo dos serviços de saúde estariam fortemente associados aos grupos sociais mais privilegiados (de maior escolaridade, acesso a seguro saúde, água, esgoto, luz, coleta de lixo e a fatores que apontam para capacidade de geração de oferta desses serviços no país.This paper studies the relationship between social inequality and health in Brazil. The strategy adopted by the authors was to analyze needs and uses of medical care as well as access to health insurance plans according to income distribution. Determinants of health care consumption were also studied by means of logistic regression. The main source of data was the 1998 National Sample Household Survey of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (PNAD-IBGE. In general, individuals in the lowest income distribution deciles had less access to health insurance, greater need for medical care, and lower consumption of such services. Other determinants of health care consumption were heavily associated with the most privileged social strata (greater access to schooling, water

  12. Marginal bone level in two Danish cross-sectional population samples in 1997-1998 and 2007-2008.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bahrami, Golnosh; Vaeth, Michael; Wenzel, Ann; Isidor, Flemming

    2018-04-12

    The aim of this study was to compare the marginal bone level of two randomly selected population samples from 1997/1998 and 2007/2008, with special emphasis on the role of smoking habits and gender. Two cross-sectional randomly selected population samples [1997/1998 (N = 616) and 2007/2008 (N = 396)] were analysed with respect to the marginal bone level. The marginal bone level was measured in full-mouth intraoral radiographs. Information on smoking was gathered using questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis was used in order to adjust for correlating factors (gender, age, smoking habits and number of teeth). After adjusting for confounding factors, the population sample from 2007/2008 had on average a slightly, but statistically significantly, more reduced average marginal bone level (0.15 mm) than the population sample from 1997/1998. Men had more reduced marginal bone level than women (0.12 mm). Smokers in both population samples had more reduced marginal bone level than non-smokers (0.39 mm and 0.12 mm for 1997/1998; 0.65 mm and 0.16 mm for 2007/2008). In these populations, sampled 10 years apart, the 2007/2008 population sample had a slightly more reduced marginal bone level than the 1997/1998 population sample. Men had more reduced marginal bone level than women, and smoking is considered a major risk factor for a reduced marginal bone level.

  13. 1997-1998 annual report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The Canada-Newfoundland Petroleum Board manages the petroleum resources in the Newfoundland offshore area on behalf of the Government of Canada and the provincial Government of Newfoundland. The authority is derived from legislation which implemented the 1985 Atlantic Accord between the two governments. This report provides an account of how the Board discharged its responsibilities during fiscal year 1997-1998 with respect to rights management, exploration, reservoir engineering, environmental affairs, operations and safety and in ensuring that operators' procurement actions are discharged in accordance with the existing obligations and agreements to provide economic and social benefits to Canada, and in particular to Newfoundland. The year has been made memorable by the beginning of oil production from Hibernia and the approval for the development of the Terra Nova Oilfield. The resumption of exploration activity on the Grand Banks in the form of a very large 3-D seismic survey program and exploration drilling was notable as was an additional $ 98 million of work expenditure commitment. Publishing various documents of guidance to industry regarding the Board's practices and procedures was also cited. The report also contains the audited financial statement of the Board, as required by law

  14. Boreal forest fires in 1997 and 1998: a seasonal comparison using transport model simulations and measurement data

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    N. Spichtinger

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Forest fire emissions have a strong impact on the concentrations of trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. In order to quantify the influence of boreal forest fire emissions on the atmospheric composition, the fire seasons of 1997 and 1998 are compared in this paper. Fire activity in 1998 was very strong, especially over Canada and Eastern Siberia, whereas it was much weaker in 1997. According to burned area estimates the burning in 1998 was more than six times as intense as in 1997. Based on hot spot locations derived from ATSR (Along Track Scanning Radiometer data and official burned area data, fire emissions were estimated and their transport was simulated with a Lagrangian tracer transport model. Siberian and Canadian forest fire tracers were distinguished to investigate the transport of both separately. The fire emissions were transported even over intercontinental distances. Due to the El Niño induced meteorological situation, transport from Siberia to Canada was enhanced in 1998. Siberian fire emissions were transported towards Canada and contributed concentrations more than twice as high as those due to Canada's own CO emissions by fires. In 1998 both tracers arrive at higher latitudes over Europe, which is due to a higher North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO index in 1998. The simulated emission plumes are compared to CMDL (Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory CO2 and CO data, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS aerosol index (AI data and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME tropospheric NO2 and HCHO columns. All the data show clearly enhanced signals during the burning season of 1998 compared to 1997. The results of the model simulation are in good agreement with ground-based as well as satellite-based measurements.

  15. Natural radionuclides by gammaspectrometry in region of Vojvodina, in Yugoslavia for 1998, 1997 and 1996

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Javorina, L.R.; Vukovic, D.M.; Markovic, D.

    2000-01-01

    Region of Vojvodina, as a agriculture region in Yugoslavia is important part of Yugoslavia. Monitoring of radioactivity in environment had established in the tree points: Novi Sad and Subotica as cities and Palic as a National park. Radioactivity comes mostly from natural radionuclides and partly from long-lived radionuclides from non natural sources as a consequence of Chernobyl accident. Monitoring of environment has proceeded by vertical methodology. We analyzed: aerosol, soil, fallout (wet and dry deposition), rivers, lakes, drinking water, human and animal food. Results from analyze of samples from environment contains very low activity, actually activity of changes of basic signal. Results for 1998, 1997 and 1996 are: 1. Gamma dose was measure in Belgrade with median years values: 0.103 μG/h (1998), 0.077 μG/h (1997) and 0.072 μG/h (1996). 2. By gammaspectrometry analyze of air of months samples for each year, results shows activity of changes of basic signal. The signals are coming from natural radionuclides. 3. 137 Cs, as a long lived radionuclide, with remarkable activity in soil are: Novi Sad 4.40-19.2 Bq/kg (1998), 8.2-16.3 Bq/kg (1997) and 5.0-10.8 Bq/kg (1996) and Palic 8.9-15.9 Bq/kg (1998), - Bq/kg (1997) and 5.02-13.4 Bq/kg (1996). 4. Activity in rivers Danube (Novi Sad) and Tisa (Kanjiza) belongs to 40 K, while activities of 137 Cs, 226 Ra, 232 Th, 235 U and 238 U are in traces. Activity of river sediment comes from 137 Cs with values 0.4-46 Bq/kg of dry samples (river Danube). Activity in fish, mixture, white fish and others comes from 40 K 55-100 Bq/kg and 137 Cs 0.2-0.8 Bq/kg. 5. Activity of drinking waters, from city network shows low level of activity which comes from 40 K, for both places. 6. Activity in milk comes from 40 K: Novi Sad 31-59 Bq/l (1998), 36-59 Bq/l (1997) and 28-49.42 Bq/l (1996). Activities of 137 Cs are on the same level of detection. 7. Activity in the human food, measured in yogurt, meats, bread and agricultural

  16. Natural radionuclides by gammaspectrometry in region of Vojvodina, in Yugoslavia for 1998, 1997 and 1996

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Javorina, L.R.; Vukovic, D.M. [Institute of Occupational and Radiological Health, Deligradska 29, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12, Belgrade (Yugoslavia); Markovic, D. [Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade (Yugoslavia)

    2000-05-01

    Region of Vojvodina, as a agriculture region in Yugoslavia is important part of Yugoslavia. Monitoring of radioactivity in environment had established in the tree points: Novi Sad and Subotica as cities and Palic as a National park. Radioactivity comes mostly from natural radionuclides and partly from long-lived radionuclides from non natural sources as a consequence of Chernobyl accident. Monitoring of environment has proceeded by vertical methodology. We analyzed: aerosol, soil, fallout (wet and dry deposition), rivers, lakes, drinking water, human and animal food. Results from analyze of samples from environment contains very low activity, actually activity of changes of basic signal. Results for 1998, 1997 and 1996 are: 1. Gamma dose was measure in Belgrade with median years values: 0.103 {mu}G/h (1998), 0.077 {mu}G/h (1997) and 0.072 {mu}G/h (1996). 2. By gammaspectrometry analyze of air of months samples for each year, results shows activity of changes of basic signal. The signals are coming from natural radionuclides. 3. {sup 137}Cs, as a long lived radionuclide, with remarkable activity in soil are: Novi Sad 4.40-19.2 Bq/kg (1998), 8.2-16.3 Bq/kg (1997) and 5.0-10.8 Bq/kg (1996) and Palic 8.9-15.9 Bq/kg (1998), - Bq/kg (1997) and 5.02-13.4 Bq/kg (1996). 4. Activity in rivers Danube (Novi Sad) and Tisa (Kanjiza) belongs to {sup 40}K, while activities of {sup 137}Cs, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 232}Th, {sup 235}U and {sup 238}U are in traces. Activity of river sediment comes from {sup 137}Cs with values 0.4-46 Bq/kg of dry samples (river Danube). Activity in fish, mixture, white fish and others comes from {sup 40}K 55-100 Bq/kg and {sup 137}Cs 0.2-0.8 Bq/kg. 5. Activity of drinking waters, from city network shows low level of activity which comes from {sup 40}K, for both places. 6. Activity in milk comes from {sup 40}K: Novi Sad 31-59 Bq/l (1998), 36-59 Bq/l (1997) and 28-49.42 Bq/l (1996). Activities of {sup 137}Cs are on the same level of detection. 7. Activity in

  17. The impact of asthma medication guidelines on asthma controller use and on asthma exacerbation rates comparing 1997-1998 and 2004-2005.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rank, Matthew A; Liesinger, Juliette T; Ziegenfuss, Jeanette Y; Branda, Megan E; Lim, Kaiser G; Yawn, Barbara P; Shah, Nilay D

    2012-01-01

    The relationship between asthma controller medication use and exacerbation rates over time is unclear at the population level. To estimate the change in asthma controller medication use between 2 time periods as measured by the controller-to-total asthma medication ratio and its association with changes in asthma exacerbation rates between 1997-1998 and 2004-2005. The study design was a cross-sectional population-level comparison between individuals from 1997-1998 and 2004-2005. Study participants were individuals aged 5 to 56 years identified as having asthma in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). The main outcome measures were a controller-to-total asthma medication ratio greater than 0.5 and asthma exacerbation rates (dispensing of systemic corticosteroid or emergency department visit/hospitalization for asthma) in 1997-1998 compared with 2004-2005. The proportion of individuals with a controller-to-total asthma medication ratio greater than 0.5, when adjusted for other demographic factors, has improved by 16.1% (95% CI: 10.8%, 21.3%) for all individuals from 1997-1998 to 2004-2005. Annual asthma exacerbation rates did not change significantly in any group from 1997-1998 to 2004-2005 (0.27/year to 0.23/year). African American and Hispanic individuals with asthma had higher asthma exacerbation rates and a lower proportion with a controller-to-total asthma medication ratio greater than 0.5 than whites in both 1997-1998 and 2004-2005; however, these differences were not statistically significant. An increase in asthma controller-to-total medication ratio in a sample reflective of the US population was not associated with a decreased asthma exacerbation rate comparing 1997-1998 and 2004-2005. Copyright © 2012 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Progress report on neutron scattering research (April 1, 1997 - March 31, 1998)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Suzuki, Jun-ichi; Fujiwara, Satoru; Aizawa, Kazuya [eds.

    1999-02-01

    The present issue summarizes research progress in neutron scattering at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) by utilizing the research reactor (JRR-3M) during the period between April 1, 1997 and March 31, 1998. The 76 papers are indexed individually. (J.P.N.)

  19. Report of Activity, 1996-1997-1998; Rapport d'activite 1996-1997-1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bizot, J C [ed.; Lab. de l' Accelerateur Lineaire, Paris-11 Univ., 91 - Orsay (France)

    1999-07-01

    This report describes the activity of Linear Accelerator Laboratory at Orsay on 1996, 1997, and 1998. The physics research is focused onto three issues. The first has as objective the precise test of standard model in the sector of gauge boson interactions at LEP (ALEPH, DELPHI) and HERA (H1) and in the sector of matter properties (tau lepton, b quark, CP violation and neutrino mass). The second is a search for high energy new particles, particularly the Higgs boson and the particles predicted by supersymmetry. Finally, there is an astrophysics program aiming at gravitational wave detection and precise measurement of the relic background radiation by gravitational lensing and of high energy photon showers. The LAL plays a foremost role in the construction of the large experiments ATLAS, NEMO, VIRGO (especially mechanics) and BABAR and LHCb (electronics). The computing sector entered a new phase of critical mutations (relating to new tools and languages). Reported are also the LAL contributions to the TTF injector, the test station installed at Hamburg for the future superconductor e{sup +}e{sup -} collider TESLA and the effort in superconductor accelerator R and D of the DAPNIA-IN2P3 French collaboration. An illustration of the LAL efforts for developing applications is the electron beam project ELYSE designed for chemical utilizations, based on the experience with the photon triggered gun CANDELA.

  20. Natural radionuclides by gammaspectrometry in region of West-south Serbia, for 1998, 1997 and 1996

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tanaskovic, I.; Vukovic, D.M. [Institute of Occupational and Radiological Health, Deligradska 29, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12, Belgrade (Yugoslavia); Markovic, D. [Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade (Yugoslavia)

    2000-05-01

    Region of West Serbia, known as Uzicki region, as a agriculture and industry region, with cities: Uzice, Cacak, Kraljevo and Valjevo is important part of Yugoslavia for development. Radioactivity comes mostly from natural radionuclides and partly from long-lived radionuclides from non natural sources as a consequence of Chernobyl accident. Monitoring of environment has proceeded by vertical methodology. We analyzed: aerosol, soil, fallout (wet and dry deposition), rivers, lakes, drinking water, human and animal food. Results from analyze of samples of environment contains very low activity, actually activity of changes of basic signal. Results for 1998, 1997 and 1996 are: 1. Gamma dose was measure in Belgrade with median years values: 0.103 {mu}G/h (1998), 0.077 {mu}G/h (1997) and 0.0722 {mu}G/h (1996). 2. By gammaspectrometry analyze of air of months samples for each year, results shows activity of changes of basic signal. The signals are coming from natural radionuclides. 3. {sup 137}Cs, as a long lived radionuclide, with remarkable activity in soil analyzed from Zlatibor and result are :32.3-173 Bq/kg (1998), -Bq/kg (1997) and 33-122.7 Bq/kg (1996). 4. Activity in the rivers for these region not analyzed. 5. Activity of drinking waters, from city network shows low level of activity which comes from {sup 40}K, for both places. 6. Activity in human food, measured in yogurt, meats, bread and agricultural products comes from {sup 40}K Uzice 32.4-168 Bq/kg (1998), Bq/kg (1997) and 55.2-164 Bq/kg (1996). Activities of {sup 137}Cs are 1 Bq/kg. Results of analyze of animal food shows same results. The samples were collected according to methods determined by the Regulations. (author)

  1. Natural radionuclides by gammaspectrometry in region of West-south Serbia, for 1998, 1997 and 1996

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tanaskovic, I.; Vukovic, D.M.; Markovic, D.

    2000-01-01

    Region of West Serbia, known as Uzicki region, as a agriculture and industry region, with cities: Uzice, Cacak, Kraljevo and Valjevo is important part of Yugoslavia for development. Radioactivity comes mostly from natural radionuclides and partly from long-lived radionuclides from non natural sources as a consequence of Chernobyl accident. Monitoring of environment has proceeded by vertical methodology. We analyzed: aerosol, soil, fallout (wet and dry deposition), rivers, lakes, drinking water, human and animal food. Results from analyze of samples of environment contains very low activity, actually activity of changes of basic signal. Results for 1998, 1997 and 1996 are: 1. Gamma dose was measure in Belgrade with median years values: 0.103 μG/h (1998), 0.077 μG/h (1997) and 0.0722 μG/h (1996). 2. By gammaspectrometry analyze of air of months samples for each year, results shows activity of changes of basic signal. The signals are coming from natural radionuclides. 3. 137 Cs, as a long lived radionuclide, with remarkable activity in soil analyzed from Zlatibor and result are :32.3-173 Bq/kg (1998), -Bq/kg (1997) and 33-122.7 Bq/kg (1996). 4. Activity in the rivers for these region not analyzed. 5. Activity of drinking waters, from city network shows low level of activity which comes from 40 K, for both places. 6. Activity in human food, measured in yogurt, meats, bread and agricultural products comes from 40 K Uzice 32.4-168 Bq/kg (1998), Bq/kg (1997) and 55.2-164 Bq/kg (1996). Activities of 137 Cs are 1 Bq/kg. Results of analyze of animal food shows same results. The samples were collected according to methods determined by the Regulations. (author)

  2. A review of fast reactor program in Japan. April 1997 - March 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    This report describes the development and activities on fast reactor in Japan for the period of April 1997 - March 1998. During this period, two important results were drawn by the Special Committee on Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) and the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC) Reform Committee, respectively. The Special Committee on FBRs discussed on the future FBR development in Japan including the Prototype FBR 'Monju' operation, and proposed its conclusion as the final report to the Japan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC) on December 1, 1997. The PNC Reform Committee reviewed PNC's management and safety assurance system, and recommended to reform PNC to a new organization. Each committee result is outlined in this report. The Experimental Fast Reactor 'Joyo' operated 30th - 32nd cycle. In parallel with the operation, the Joyo Upgrading Program (MK-III program) is in progress. Five MK-III driver fuel subassemblies were loaded to the core in the 32nd cycle. Monju comprehensive safety review, which was started in December 1996, was continued through 1997, and was completed in March 1998. The DFBR Plant Optimization (phase 2) design study was launched by the Japan Atomic Power Company (JAPC) with goal of constructing FBR plant that achieves both reliability and economy from FY 1997 for three years. Research and development works are underway under the discussion and coordination of the Japanese FBR R and D Steering Committee, which is composed of PNC, JAPC, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI). (author)

  3. A report of the 1997, 1998 and 1999 Paternity Testing Workshops of the English Speaking Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hallenberg, C; Morling, N

    2001-01-01

    We present the results of the 1997, 1998 and 1999 Paternity Testing Workshops of the English Speaking Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics. The numbers of participating laboratories were 24 (1997), 31 (1998) and 32 (1999). In 1997, all laboratories drew the correct...

  4. Annual Report 1997-1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-11-01

    Objectives and achievements of each of the divisions of the Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines during fiscal year 1997-1998 are reported. Details of the Department`s financial performance, together with departmental expenditures and staffing levels are also provided. Appendix A provides a list of reports and maps produced by the Department during the year. Among the many accomplishments were the staging of the largest Manitoba Mining and Minerals Convention providing a venue for industry to learn of the latest geological information releases, exploration and mining services, business issues and opportunities; the nine Property Workshops held throughout the province to assist prospectors to market their properties to exploration companies; redesigning the Department`s web site to provide clients a greater opportunity to conduct business on-line, to access databases, download maps, order publications and contact key staff for technical and business development support; allocating some $1.4 million in assistance funds to companies proposing 53 projects under the Petroleum Exploration Assistance program, and $3.5 million under the Mineral Exploration Assistance program in support of 65 exploration projects; and launching the industry-sponsored Thompson Nickel Belt project in conjunction with the Shield Margin National Geoscience Mapping Program (NATMAP). The Department also recorded 1664 mining claims, 10 exploration permits, and issued 70 quarry mineral leases, 780 casual quarry permits and 802 registration certificates for private pits and quarries.

  5. The Research Results of Radioactive Waste Management Technology Center Year 1997/1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-12-01

    The research results of Radioactive Waste Management Technology Center, National Atomic Energy Agency of Indonesia year 1997/1998 contain paper as form of research results on radioactive waste management related fields. There were included many aspects such as radioactive waste processing, storage, decontamination, decommissioning, safety and environmental aspects. There are 26 papers indexed individually (ID)

  6. Report of Activity, 1996-1997-1998; Rapport d'activite 1996-1997-1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bizot, J.C. [ed.] [Lab. de l' Accelerateur Lineaire, Paris-11 Univ., 91 - Orsay (France)

    1999-07-01

    This report describes the activity of Linear Accelerator Laboratory at Orsay on 1996, 1997, and 1998. The physics research is focused onto three issues. The first has as objective the precise test of standard model in the sector of gauge boson interactions at LEP (ALEPH, DELPHI) and HERA (H1) and in the sector of matter properties (tau lepton, b quark, CP violation and neutrino mass). The second is a search for high energy new particles, particularly the Higgs boson and the particles predicted by supersymmetry. Finally, there is an astrophysics program aiming at gravitational wave detection and precise measurement of the relic background radiation by gravitational lensing and of high energy photon showers. The LAL plays a foremost role in the construction of the large experiments ATLAS, NEMO, VIRGO (especially mechanics) and BABAR and LHCb (electronics). The computing sector entered a new phase of critical mutations (relating to new tools and languages). Reported are also the LAL contributions to the TTF injector, the test station installed at Hamburg for the future superconductor e{sup +}e{sup -} collider TESLA and the effort in superconductor accelerator R and D of the DAPNIA-IN2P3 French collaboration. An illustration of the LAL efforts for developing applications is the electron beam project ELYSE designed for chemical utilizations, based on the experience with the photon triggered gun CANDELA.

  7. Coccolithophore response to the 1997-1998 El Niño in Santa Barbara Basin (California)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    De Bernardi, B.; Ziveri, P.; Erba, E.; Thunell, R.C.

    2005-01-01

    The response of coccolithophore export production to non-El Niño and El Niño conditions was monitored during a two year period (26 March 1996-3 April 1998) in the centre of the Santa Barbara Basin (34°14′ N; 120°02′ W), California borderland. During the 1997-1998 El Niño the seasonal cycle of the

  8. Monitoring of radionuclides in the air of Monaco during 1997-1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pham, M.K.; Povinec, P.P.; Huynh Ngoc, L.

    1999-01-01

    IAEA-MEL has been carried out monitoring of radionuclides in the air of Monaco for several years. Several natural (cosmogenic, radiogenic and primordial) and anthropogenic radionuclides are found in the atmosphere. The measurement of these radionuclides in the atmosphere is helping to study their temporal variations and to estimate their deposition rates to oceans and to seas. We report here concentrations of some radionuclides in air of Monaco during 1997-1998

  9. 1. Biologic monitoring at Barsebaeck nuclear power plant 1985-1997. 2. Biological monitoring at Swedish nuclear power plants in 1998. Annual report 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Andersson, Jan; Mo, K.; Thoernqvist, S.

    1999-06-01

    This report gives an account for two studies on the ecological effects of effluents to the aquatic environment from the Swedish nuclear power plants: 1. The results of biological monitoring at the Barsebaeck nuclear power plant during the period 1985-1997 are summarised. Comparisons are made with a previous report from 1969-1983. The fish community was studied by fyke net test fishing in the cooling water effluent area along a gradient out to unaffected sites. The loss of young eels in the cooling water intake was estimated annually. Damage on female grey mullet oocyte development was analysed on samples of cooling water exposed fish. 2. The biological monitoring at the Swedish nuclear power plants during 1998 was with minor exceptions performed according to the established programmes. The monitoring at Forsmark is running in the enclosed Biotest basin at the cooling water outlet and in the surrounding archipelago. Reference data are collected at Finbo, NW Aaland, and in the nearby Graesoe archipelago. In 1998 as in previous years the benthic macro fauna abundance within the Biotest basin showed strong variations. In the beginning of the year abundance and biomass were low, in the autumn though, higher than average. Oskarshamn: The monitoring is performed in the small effluent bay, Hamnefjaerden bay, in the waters surrounding the cooling water plume and in a reference area, Kvaedoe-fjaerden, 100 km north of the power plant. Perch and roach catches have been high in the Hamnefjaerden bay since the late 1980's. In 1998 catches of perch were on a higher level than in 1997, both in spring and in summer. The changes for roach were small. A moderate decrease in eel catches took place in 1997 and 1998, indicating a reduced effect of stockings in the late 1980's. Ringhals: The monitoring is performed in the area close to the cooling water outlet, which is located at an open coast, and in a reference area. An attraction of yellow eel to the effluent area has been

  10. Objectively measured habitual physical activity in 1997/1998 vs 2003/2004 in Danish children

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Møller, N C; Kristensen, Peter Lund; Wedderkopp, N

    2008-01-01

    -Thu in 2003/2004 when compared with 1997/1998. Gender differences in the level of HPA were found to be more distinct during Mon-Thu than during Fri-Sun. This study does not support the idea that Danish children are becoming less physically active. However, a limited statistical power should be considered when......Based on two cross-sectional studies conducted in 8-10-year-old third-grade children living in the municipality of Odense, potential differences were examined in the level of habitual physical activity (HPA) in Danish children between 1997/1998 and 2003/2004. HPA was assessed objectively...... by accelerometry. Primarily, overall differences were analyzed as gender and day type specific (i.e. Mon-Thu vs Fri-Sun) levels in HPA. Secondarily, differences were analyzed across socioeconomic gradients defined according to parents' occupation. Data were expressed as total counts per registered time. During...

  11. Natural radionuclides by gammaspectrometry in the Belgrade, capital city in Yugoslavia for 1998, 1997 and 1996

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vukovic, D.M.; Markovic, D.

    2000-01-01

    Region of Belgrade, 44 0 18' north width and 21 o 35' east length, 134 m under the sea, as a capital city of Yugoslavia is important part of monitoring of radioactivity in environment. Radioactivity comes mostly from natural radionuclides and partly from long-lived radionuclides from non natural sources as a consequence of Chernobyl accident. Monitoring of environment has proceeded by vertical methodology. We analyzed: aerosol, soil, fallout (wet and dry deposition), rivers, lakes, drinking water, human and animal food. Results from analyze of samples from environment contains very low activity, actually activity of changes of basic signal. Results for 1998, 1997 and 1996 are: 1. Gamma dose rate, with values from 0.072 μG/h to 0.170 μG/h, with median years values: 0.103 μG/h (1998), 0.077 μG/h (1997) and 0.072 μG/h (1996). 2. By gammaspectrometry analyze of air as months samples for each year, results shows activity of changes of basic signal. The signals are coming from natural radionuclides. 3. 137 Cs, as a long lived radionuclide, with remarkable activity in soil has values: 14-19 Bq/kg (1998), 12-111 Bq/kg (1997) and 7-39 Bq/kg (1996). 4. Activity in rivers Sava (Belgrade) and Danube (Zemun) belongs to 40 K, while activities of 137 Cs, 226 Ra, 232 Th, 235 U and 238 U are in traces. Activity of river sediment comes from 137 Cs with values 0.4-46 Bq/kg of dry samples (river Danube). Activity in fish, mixture, white fish and others comes from 40 K 55-100 Bq/kg and 137 Cs 0.2-0.8 Bq/kg. 5. Activity of drinking waters, from city network shows low level of activity which comes from 40 K. 6. Activity in milk comes from 40 K 46.5-61.2 Bq/l (1998), 33-59 Bq/l (1997) and 31-54 Bq/l (1996). Activities of 137 Cs are on the same level of detection. 7. Activity in the human food, measured in yogurt, meats, bread and agricultural products comes from 40 K 44-310 Bq/kg (1998), 31-238 Bq/kg (1997) and 36-122 Bq/kg (1996). Activities of 137 Cs are 1 Bq/kg. Results of analyze

  12. Implantação do Programa Saúde na escola em Fortaleza-CE: atuação de equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família Implantación del Programa de Salud Escolar en Fortaleza-CE: desempeño de equipo de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia School Health Program implementation in Fortaleza-CE: performance of the Family Health Strategy staff

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lindelvania Matias de Santiago

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho relata a experiência da implantação do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE por uma equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF em uma escola pública em Fortaleza-CE. As atividades desenvolvidas incluíram seminário de implantação do PSE com os docentes e integrantes da ESF, oficinas com os estudantes, avaliação clinica e odontológica dos adolescentes e entrega de Cadernetas de Saúde do Adolescente. A implantação do PSE permitiu aos profissionais de saúde a percepção do seu papel social de educador e possibilitou aos adolescentes maior contato com a equipe da ESF. A aproximação entre escola e ESF é fundamental para ajudar os adolescentes a transformarem a informação científica em comportamentos saudáveis.Este artículo relata la experiencia de implementación del Programa de Salud Escolar (PSE por un equipo de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF en una escuela pública en Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. Las actividades incluyeron seminario de despliegue del PSE con los maestros y los miembros de la ESF, talleres con los estudiantes, la evaluación clínica y dental de los adolescentes y la entrega de folletos de Salud del Adolescente. La aplicación del PSE permitió a los profesionales de salud a darse cuenta de su papel social como educadores y permitió a los adolescentes un mayor contacto con el personal de la ESF. El acercamiento entre la escuela y el FSE es crucial para ayudar a los adolescentes a transformar el conocimiento científico en comportamientos saludables.This work reports the experience of implementation of the School Health Program (PSE by a team from the Family Health Strategy (FHS in a public school in Fortaleza-CE , Brazil. The activities included conference about the deployment of the PSE with teachers and members of the FHS, workshops with students, clinical and dental assessment for adolescents and delivery of Booklets of Adolescent Health. The implementation of the PSE allowed health

  13. National Institute of Radiological Sciences annual report. April 1997 - March 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-03-01

    The Annual Report summarizes research activities and achievements of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in the fiscal years of 1997 (from April 1997 to March 1998). The clinical trials for cancer treatments using a heavy ion, one of the main projects at present, has been progressed for the past 4 years expanding indication to various organs. The outcomes of the trials were reported at Network Meeting for Heavy Ion Radiotherapy held semiannually in September, 1997 and March, 1998. The Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) has been operated without substantial troubles for the trial and collaborative research. Training of specialists who deal with heavy particle radiotherapy is also important role. The 5 groups of the project studies started in 1995 and 1996. The two special researches 'Biological studies on detriments and their modifying factors' and Kinetics of radioactive substances in environments and measurements of exposures 'were finalized. The summarized reports are planned to be published in the following year. A comprehensive research of 'Heavy ion projects' has been performed by the continuing 5 gropes involving domestic and overseas experts. A new project on brain researches began this year, as a basic research on human studies in order to elucidate brain functions and its disorders. The studies have been carried out by a new group crossing over the existing divisions and the research groups. New outstanding developments in the field can be expected on the basis of accumulated achievements in nuclear medicine and radiation hazard related to brain. The first Forum for Emergency Measures of Acute Radiation Exposure was held in August. The International Seminar on Heavy Ion Radiotherapy was held in November, 1977. The International Workshop on Comparative Evaluation of Health Effects of Environmental Toxicants Derived from Advanced Technologies was held in January, 1998. The annual report includes 67 articles, those are

  14. National Institute of Radiological Sciences annual report. April 1997 - March 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-03-01

    The Annual Report summarizes research activities and achievements of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in the fiscal years of 1997 (from April 1997 to March 1998). The clinical trials for cancer treatments using a heavy ion, one of the main projects at present, has been progressed for the past 4 years expanding indication to various organs. The outcomes of the trials were reported at Network Meeting for Heavy Ion Radiotherapy held semiannually in September, 1997 and March, 1998. The Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) has been operated without substantial troubles for the trial and collaborative research. Training of specialists who deal with heavy particle radiotherapy is also important role. The 5 groups of the project studies started in 1995 and 1996. The two special researches `Biological studies on detriments and their modifying factors` and Kinetics of radioactive substances in environments and measurements of exposures `were finalized. The summarized reports are planned to be published in the following year. A comprehensive research of `Heavy ion projects` has been performed by the continuing 5 gropes involving domestic and overseas experts. A new project on brain researches began this year, as a basic research on human studies in order to elucidate brain functions and its disorders. The studies have been carried out by a new group crossing over the existing divisions and the research groups. New outstanding developments in the field can be expected on the basis of accumulated achievements in nuclear medicine and radiation hazard related to brain. The first Forum for Emergency Measures of Acute Radiation Exposure was held in August. The International Seminar on Heavy Ion Radiotherapy was held in November, 1977. The International Workshop on Comparative Evaluation of Health Effects of Environmental Toxicants Derived from Advanced Technologies was held in January, 1998. The annual report includes 67 articles, those are

  15. Effects of 1997-1998 El Nino on Tropospheric Ozone and Water Vapor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chandra, S.; Ziemke, J. R.; Min, W.; Read, W. G.

    1998-01-01

    This paper analyzes the impact of the 1997-1998 El Nino on tropospheric column ozone and tropospheric water vapor derived respectively from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) on Earth Probe and the Microwave Limb Scanning instrument on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. The 1997-1998 El Nino, characterized by an anomalous increase in sea-surface temperature (SST) across the eastern and central tropical Pacific Ocean, is one of the strongest El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events of the century, comparable in magnitude to the 1982-1983 episode. The major impact of the SST change has been the shift in the convection pattern from the western to the eastern Pacific affecting the response of rain-producing cumulonimbus. As a result, there has been a significant increase in rainfall over the eastern Pacific and a decrease over the western Pacific and Indonesia. The dryness in the Indonesian region has contributed to large-scale burning by uncontrolled wildfires in the tropical rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo. Our study shows that tropospheric column ozone decreased by 4-8 Dobson units (DU) in the eastern Pacific and increased by about 10-20 DU in the western Pacific largely as a result of the eastward shift of the tropical convective activity as inferred from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data. The effect of this shift is also evident in the upper tropospheric water vapor mixing ratio which varies inversely as ozone (O3). These conclusions are qualitatively consistent with the changes in atmospheric circulation derived from zonal and vertical wind data obtained from the Goddard Earth Observing System data assimilation analyses. The changes in tropospheric column O3 during the course of the 1997-1998 El Nino appear to be caused by a combination of large-scale circulation processes associated with the shift in the tropical convection pattern and surface/boundary layer processes associated with

  16. Material balance of the nuclear sector in 1997. Press conference of 18 March 1998; Bilan du parc nucleaire en 1997. Conference de presse du 18 mars 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dupraz, Bernard; Lecocq, Pierre [Electricite de France (EDF), 75 - Paris (France)

    1998-03-18

    This press report of EDF about the material balance on 1997 presents the global figures stressing upon the effects of the competition policy conducted by the company in the last five years. A 11.2% reduction in the actual expenses of the PWR sector exploitation was recorded in the period 1992 - 1997. Good results were obtained in 1997 in the field of safety and new incentives have been recorded. The principles of a preventive maintenance are stipulated. The cooperation with servicing companies is reported, stressing, particularly, the issues like: the professionalism and safety culture; the amelioration of the economical transparency of enterprises; individual dosimetry - significant advances; regional cooperation; emergency exercises to correct dysfunctions; a better medical surveillance of the intervening servicing enterprises; new regulations foreseen to be in force in 1998. Issues like radioprotection and environmental protection, fuel management, the status of EPR (European Pressurized water Reactor) project are also presented. The technical assistance mission related to the developing in China of two 1000 MW nuclear projects is mentioned as well as the problems posed by the Super Phenix Reactor decommissioning.

  17. Monitoring of air and precipitation quality in the boarder areas of Norway and Russia, April 1997 - March 1998; Overvaaking av luft- og nedboerkvalitet i grenseomraadene i Norge og Russland, april 1997 - mars 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hagen, Leif Otto; Siversen, Bjarne; Arnesen, Kari; Innset, Bodil

    1999-11-01

    Air pollution measurements at Soer-Varanger have been carried out since 1974. In Norway the highest SO{sub 2} concentrations are determined in this area at present. On the Russian side there were even higher concentrations. At the three measuring points in the border areas the recommended air quality criteria and SO{sub 2} limiting values were exceeded in the summer months of 1997 and during the winter 1997/98. Norway is placing necessary measuring equipment at disposal to the Russian stations. Measuring program: The studies are part of a State program for pollution surveillance and the Norwegian and Russian bilateral environment co-operation efforts. The studies included meteorological conditions, air and precipitation quality in the period of April 1997 to March 1998. The air quality determinations on the Norwegian side included SO{sub 2} at Svanvik and meteorological conditions at the Viksjoefjell and Svanvik. In 1995 previous measurements of SO{sub 2} at the Viksjoefjell were finished. The precipitation quality was measured at Svanvik and the Karpdalen. Analysis of heavy metals is carried out only for the tests from Svanvik. In addition the Norwegian Meteorological Institute has made determinations at the Kirkenes airport (Hoeybuktmoen). On the Russian side SO{sub 2} concentrations were measured at Maajavri and Nikel. The hydrometeorological institute in Murmansk has studied the meteorological conditions at Nikel and Jaeniskoski as well. The joint Norwegian-Russian study program in the border areas has lasted since January 1990. The program includes propagation calculations using different types of models for determining pollution concentrations over distances up to 100 km from the emission sources. The parties have access to the necessary emission data and the meteorological data. Meteorology: The meteorological measurements at Soer-Varanger include wind directions, wind force, temperature and stability conditions at Svanvik and at the Viksjoefjell as well as

  18. Natural radionuclides by gammaspectrometry in the Belgrade, capital city in Yugoslavia for 1998, 1997 and 1996

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vukovic, D.M. [Institute for Occupational and Radiological Health, Belgrade (Yugoslavia); Markovic, D. [Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade (Yugoslavia)

    2000-05-01

    Region of Belgrade, 44 0 18' north width and 21 o 35' east length, 134 m under the sea, as a capital city of Yugoslavia is important part of monitoring of radioactivity in environment. Radioactivity comes mostly from natural radionuclides and partly from long-lived radionuclides from non natural sources as a consequence of Chernobyl accident. Monitoring of environment has proceeded by vertical methodology. We analyzed: aerosol, soil, fallout (wet and dry deposition), rivers, lakes, drinking water, human and animal food. Results from analyze of samples from environment contains very low activity, actually activity of changes of basic signal. Results for 1998, 1997 and 1996 are: 1. Gamma dose rate, with values from 0.072 {mu}G/h to 0.170 {mu}G/h, with median years values: 0.103 {mu}G/h (1998), 0.077 {mu}G/h (1997) and 0.072 {mu}G/h (1996). 2. By gammaspectrometry analyze of air as months samples for each year, results shows activity of changes of basic signal. The signals are coming from natural radionuclides. 3. {sup 137}Cs, as a long lived radionuclide, with remarkable activity in soil has values: 14-19 Bq/kg (1998), 12-111 Bq/kg (1997) and 7-39 Bq/kg (1996). 4. Activity in rivers Sava (Belgrade) and Danube (Zemun) belongs to {sup 40}K, while activities of {sup 137}Cs, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 232}Th, {sup 235}U and {sup 238}U are in traces. Activity of river sediment comes from {sup 137}Cs with values 0.4-46 Bq/kg of dry samples (river Danube). Activity in fish, mixture, white fish and others comes from {sup 40}K 55-100 Bq/kg and {sup 137}Cs 0.2-0.8 Bq/kg. 5. Activity of drinking waters, from city network shows low level of activity which comes from {sup 40}K. 6. Activity in milk comes from {sup 40}K 46.5-61.2 Bq/l (1998), 33-59 Bq/l (1997) and 31-54 Bq/l (1996). Activities of {sup 137}Cs are on the same level of detection. 7. Activity in the human food, measured in yogurt, meats, bread and agricultural products comes from {sup 40}K 44-310 Bq/kg (1998), 31

  19. Looking back on 1997 and ahead to 1998: reflections, predictions and other good things

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1997-01-01

    Representatives of various sectors of the propane business - producers, suppliers, transporters, regulators, and associations - have been asked to comment on the year just passed. They were also asked to make predictions as to how their business/association will fare in 1998. Results of the survey were varied as might be expected. For some, 1997 was the best year ever. For a few others it was average, while for yet another segment it was a year of chaos and turmoil. Predictions for 1998 were essentially more of the same. Some observers predicted essentially stable markets, some growth in facilities, fewer imports and a steady demand in petrochemicals. Others appeared determined to do better in 1998, foresaw a lessening of demand for propane, and no improvement in service to customers. However, the majority expressed optimism about the future. All seemed to feel that price stability will be the most important determinant of the industry''s fortunes in 1998

  20. Annual report of Naka Fusion Research Establishment from April 1, 1997 to March 31, 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-11-01

    This report provides an overview of research and development activities at Naka Fusion Research Establishment, JAERI, during the period from April 1, 1997 to March 31, 1998. The activities in Naka Fusion Research Establishment are highlighted by high temperature plasma research in JT-60 and JFT-2M, and progress in ITER-EDA, including technology development. (J.P.N.)

  1. Post-financial Crisis 1997/1998: Disclosure of Corporate Governance among Banks in Malaysia

    OpenAIRE

    Omar, Siti Aisyah

    2008-01-01

    This research investigates the comprehensiveness of corporate governance disclosure in the annual reports among banks in Malaysia so as to identify the improvements on corporate governance disclosure after the financial crisis 1997/1998. A sample consisting of 17 foreign and domestic commercial banks operated in Malaysia has been selected based on the list obtained from Bank Negara Malaysia for the purpose of conducting this research. From the analysis of the annual reports, a finding shows t...

  2. Reactor Engineering Department annual report. April 1, 1997 - March 31, 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ochiai, Masaaki; Ohnuki, Akira; Ono, Toshihiko [eds.] [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment] [and others

    1998-11-01

    This report summarizes the research and development activities in the Department of Reactor Engineering during the fiscal year of 1997 (April 1, 1997 - March 31, 1998). The major Department`s programs promoted in the year are the achievement of the world-strongest lasing of Free Electron Laser and the verification of the core thermal integrity during design basis events in PWRs. Other Major tasks of the Department are various basic researches on the advanced reactor system design studies, the nuclear data and group constants, the developments of theoretical methods and codes, the reactor physics experiments and their analyses, the fusion neutronics, the reactor instrumentation, the reactor control/diagnosis, the thermal hydraulics and the technology developments related to the reactor engineering facilities, the accelerator facilities and the thermal hydraulic facilities. The cooperative works to JAERI`s major projects such as the high temperature gas cooled reactor, the fusion reactor and PNC`s fast reactor project were also progressed. The activities of the research committees to which the Department takes a role of secretariat are also summarized in this report. (author)

  3. Reactor Engineering Department annual report. April 1, 1997 - March 31, 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ochiai, Masaaki; Ohnuki, Akira; Ono, Toshihiko

    1998-11-01

    This report summarizes the research and development activities in the Department of Reactor Engineering during the fiscal year of 1997 (April 1, 1997 - March 31, 1998). The major Department's programs promoted in the year are the achievement of the world-strongest lasing of Free Electron Laser and the verification of the core thermal integrity during design basis events in PWRs. Other Major tasks of the Department are various basic researches on the advanced reactor system design studies, the nuclear data and group constants, the developments of theoretical methods and codes, the reactor physics experiments and their analyses, the fusion neutronics, the reactor instrumentation, the reactor control/diagnosis, the thermal hydraulics and the technology developments related to the reactor engineering facilities, the accelerator facilities and the thermal hydraulic facilities. The cooperative works to JAERI's major projects such as the high temperature gas cooled reactor, the fusion reactor and PNC's fast reactor project were also progressed. The activities of the research committees to which the Department takes a role of secretariat are also summarized in this report. (author)

  4. Radiation protection in medical diagnostic radiology in the city of Sobral, Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Menezes, F.L.; Paschoal, C.M.M.; Ferreira, F.C.L.; Alcantara, M.C.

    2015-01-01

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability to radiation protection of four diagnostic radiology medical services in the city of Sobral-CE, Northeast of Brazil, and to analyze results of the literature for the cities of Rio Branco-AC, North of Brazil, and Rio de Janeiro-RJ, South-east of Brazil. In Sobral-CE, it was performed interviews and direct observations with reference to Brazilian law, the National Ordinance No.453/1998 of the Ministry of Health that regulates the operation of medical and odontological diagnostic radiology services. The results show the occurrence of many items in disagreement with the standard. The technical and operational infractions have basically due to unfamiliarity with the legislation, the lack of investment in training and/or professional development courses. (authors)

  5. Report of Activity, 1996-1997-1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bizot, J.C.

    1999-01-01

    This report describes the activity of Linear Accelerator Laboratory at Orsay on 1996, 1997, and 1998. The physics research is focused onto three issues. The first has as objective the precise test of standard model in the sector of gauge boson interactions at LEP (ALEPH, DELPHI) and HERA (H1) and in the sector of matter properties (tau lepton, b quark, CP violation and neutrino mass). The second is a search for high energy new particles, particularly the Higgs boson and the particles predicted by supersymmetry. Finally, there is an astrophysics program aiming at gravitational wave detection and precise measurement of the relic background radiation by gravitational lensing and of high energy photon showers. The LAL plays a foremost role in the construction of the large experiments ATLAS, NEMO, VIRGO (especially mechanics) and BABAR and LHCb (electronics). The computing sector entered a new phase of critical mutations (relating to new tools and languages). Reported are also the LAL contributions to the TTF injector, the test station installed at Hamburg for the future superconductor e + e - collider TESLA and the effort in superconductor accelerator R and D of the DAPNIA-IN2P3 French collaboration. An illustration of the LAL efforts for developing applications is the electron beam project ELYSE designed for chemical utilizations, based on the experience with the photon triggered gun CANDELA

  6. Monitoring of air and precipitation quality in the boarder areas of Norway and Russia, April 1997 - March 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hagen, Leif Otto; Siversen, Bjarne; Arnesen, Kari; Innset, Bodil

    1999-11-01

    Air pollution measurements at Soer-Varanger have been carried out since 1974. In Norway the highest SO 2 concentrations are determined in this area at present. On the Russian side there were even higher concentrations. At the three measuring points in the border areas the recommended air quality criteria and SO 2 limiting values were exceeded in the summer months of 1997 and during the winter 1997/98. Norway is placing necessary measuring equipment at disposal to the Russian stations. Measuring program: The studies are part of a State program for pollution surveillance and the Norwegian and Russian bilateral environment co-operation efforts. The studies included meteorological conditions, air and precipitation quality in the period of April 1997 to March 1998. The air quality determinations on the Norwegian side included SO 2 at Svanvik and meteorological conditions at the Viksjoefjell and Svanvik. In 1995 previous measurements of SO 2 at the Viksjoefjell were finished. The precipitation quality was measured at Svanvik and the Karpdalen. Analysis of heavy metals is carried out only for the tests from Svanvik. In addition the Norwegian Meteorological Institute has made determinations at the Kirkenes airport (Hoeybuktmoen). On the Russian side SO 2 concentrations were measured at Maajavri and Nikel. The hydrometeorological institute in Murmansk has studied the meteorological conditions at Nikel and Jaeniskoski as well. The joint Norwegian-Russian study program in the border areas has lasted since January 1990. The program includes propagation calculations using different types of models for determining pollution concentrations over distances up to 100 km from the emission sources. The parties have access to the necessary emission data and the meteorological data. Meteorology: The meteorological measurements at Soer-Varanger include wind directions, wind force, temperature and stability conditions at Svanvik and at the Viksjoefjell as well as relative humidity at the

  7. Annual report - ABACC (accounting and nuclear materials control Brazil-Argentina agency) - 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    The annual activities report of 1998 of accounting and nuclear materials control Brazil-Argentina agency introduces the next main topics: institutional activities - safeguards agreements implementation and administration; technical activities - planning and evaluation, operation, technical support, information accounting and treatment, technical cooperation, technical capacity invigoration; administrative and financial activities

  8. Inertial fusion energy research. Report of consultants meetings held in Osaka, Japan, 14-15 march 1997, Vienna, Austria, 16-17 June 1997, Culham, United Kingdom, 23-24 March 1998, and Yokohama, Japan 20-22 October 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2000-02-01

    Summarising 4 IAEA consultants meetings in 1997 and 1998, this technical document is based on the final consultants report. It contains a summary of the state of the art of inertial fusion energy research in 17 countries. The sections on individual countries were sent to the governments for their comments, which have been incorporated into the present publication

  9. Stagnation in body mass index in Denmark from 1997/1998 to 2004/2005, but with geographical diversity

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Svendstrup, Mathilde; Knudsen, Nils Jacob; Jørgensen, Torben

    2011-01-01

    INTRODUCTION: We analyzed the trend in body mass index (BMI) as well as in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Danish adults, mainly women, from 1997/1998 to 2004/2005 and evaluated any regional differences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were drawn from two cross-sectional population...

  10. Communication of 28 February 1997 received from the resident representative of Brazil to the International Atomic Energy Agency

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1997-01-01

    The document reproduces the text of the 'Joint Declaration on the Transport of Radioactive Waste' of the Governments of the Republic of Argentina, the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Republic of Chile and the Eastern Republic of Uruguay, issued to the press on 17 January 1997. The document was received by the Director General of the IAEA on 4 March 1997 from the Resident Representative of the Federative Republic of Brazil on behalf of his Government and the Governments of the other three countries involved

  11. Annual report 1997-1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The report covers the operations of the Australian Safeguards Office (ASO) and the Chemical Weapons Convention Office (CWCO) for the year ended June 1998. Positive developments during the year included conclusion of the first Additional Protocol for the strengthening of IAEA safeguards, and signature by the overwhelming majority of States of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). In the further development of the safeguards system, a major theme is 'integration', the rationalisation of classical safeguards with the new safeguards strengthening measures. As the IAEA's capability to provide assurance of the absence of undeclared nuclear activities increases, assurance of non-diversion will become less critical, at least for the majority of nuclear materials in civil programs, which require further processing - reprocessing or further enrichment - before they can be weapons-useable. During the year the Government announced plans to establish the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), to be formed through combining the Nuclear Safety Bureau and the Australian Radiation Laboratory. ARPANSA is to be responsible for regulating radiation and nuclear safety aspects of Commonwealth activities and places, and promoting national uniformity on radiation matters. Legislation for ARPANSA was introduced in April 1998, and remains before Parliament at the time of writing this Report. By 29 April 1998 108 States were States Parties of CWC, including the possessors of the two largest chemical weapon stockpiles (Russia and the United States), and by 30 June 1998 this had risen to 112. During the year the international organisation responsible for implementing the Convention, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), conducted approximately 200 routine inspections across the world, including two routine inspections in Australia. These latter inspections were facilitated by CWCO, which acted as an intermediary between inspectors

  12. Material balance of the nuclear sector in 1997. Press conference of 18 March 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dupraz, Bernard; Lecocq, Pierre

    1998-01-01

    This press report of EDF about the material balance on 1997 presents the global figures stressing upon the effects of the competition policy conducted by the company in the last five years. A 11.2% reduction in the actual expenses of the PWR sector exploitation was recorded in the period 1992 - 1997. Good results were obtained in 1997 in the field of safety and new incentives have been recorded. The principles of a preventive maintenance are stipulated. The cooperation with servicing companies is reported, stressing, particularly, the issues like: the professionalism and safety culture; the amelioration of the economical transparency of enterprises; individual dosimetry - significant advances; regional cooperation; emergency exercises to correct dysfunctions; a better medical surveillance of the intervening servicing enterprises; new regulations foreseen to be in force in 1998. Issues like radioprotection and environmental protection, fuel management, the status of EPR (European Pressurized water Reactor) project are also presented. The technical assistance mission related to the developing in China of two 1000 MW nuclear projects is mentioned as well as the problems posed by the Super Phenix Reactor decommissioning

  13. Biennial report of Radiochemistry Division 1997-1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sastry, M.D.; Manchanda, V.K.; Ramaswami, A.; Goswami, A.; Manohar, S.B.

    2000-03-01

    This report describes the work carried by Radiochemistry Division of BARC during the period 1997 and 1998. The work is divided in three main branches (1) Nuclear Chemistry (2) Actinides Chemistry (3) Actinide Spectroscopy. During this period research in nuclear chemistry was focussed on nuclear fission, nuclear reactions, neutron activation analysis, use of nuclear techniques for understanding of physico-chemical phenomena and developmental activities in non-destructive assay techniques. The research work on chemistry of actinides was directed on basic as well as applied studies related to complexation and extraction behaviour of actinides and lanthanides with a variety of novel ligands. The choice of complexing ligands was made with a view to examining the suitability in reprocessing streams, treatment of high level active waste and recovery of valuables. The third part spectroscopy of actinides describes the basic studies solid state spectroscopy of actinides and analytical spectroscopy for trace metallic assay. The solid state spectroscopy investigations were carried out using EPR, ENDOR, fluorescence, thermally stimulated luminescence and photo acoustic for spectroscopy techniques. In the analytical spectroscopy work a lot of stress was given on finding suitable chemical separation procedures for pre concentration of trace metals and a determination by ICP-AES/ETA-AAS techniques. (author)

  14. Advanced Light Source Activity Report 1997/1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Greiner, Annette

    1999-01-01

    This Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Advanced Light Source (ALS) activity report for 1997/98 discusses the following topics: Introduction and Overview; Science Highlights; Facility Report; Special Events; ALS Advisory Panels 1997/98; ALS Staff 1997/98 and Facts and Figures for the year

  15. Advanced Light Source Activity Report 1997/1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Greiner, Annette (ed.)

    1999-03-01

    This Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Advanced Light Source (ALS) activity report for 1997/98 discusses the following topics: Introduction and Overview; Science Highlights; Facility Report; Special Events; ALS Advisory Panels 1997/98; ALS Staff 1997/98 and Facts and Figures for the year.

  16. Review on the progress of research on functional materials. Superionic conductors: 1997 - 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jahja, A.K.; Effendi, Nurdin; Purnama, Safei; Marsongkohadi

    1999-01-01

    For the period of December 1997 - December 1998, two superionic compounds the non-stoichiometric Cu-base Rubidium Copper Iodide Chloride and the silver-based RbAg 4 I 5 were prepared and characterized. In this report some of the result of this cooperation is presented. Activities concerning conductivity and dielectric properties measurement at BATAN laboratory are outlined. Although the high temperature neutron scattering measurements have not been completed until now, a further cooperation involving the preparation and neutron scattering measurements of materials in thin-film and single crystalline morphology is proposed. (author)

  17. Implantação do Programa Saúde na escola em Fortaleza-CE: atuação de equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lindelvania Matias de Santiago

    Full Text Available Este trabalho relata a experiência da implantação do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE por uma equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF em uma escola pública em Fortaleza-CE. As atividades desenvolvidas incluíram seminário de implantação do PSE com os docentes e integrantes da ESF, oficinas com os estudantes, avaliação clinica e odontológica dos adolescentes e entrega de Cadernetas de Saúde do Adolescente. A implantação do PSE permitiu aos profissionais de saúde a percepção do seu papel social de educador e possibilitou aos adolescentes maior contato com a equipe da ESF. A aproximação entre escola e ESF é fundamental para ajudar os adolescentes a transformarem a informação científica em comportamentos saudáveis.

  18. Implantação do Programa Saúde na escola em Fortaleza-CE: atuação de equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lindelvania Matias de Santiago

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho relata a experiência da implantação do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE por uma equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF em uma escola pública em Fortaleza-CE. As atividades desenvolvidas incluíram seminário de implantação do PSE com os docentes e integrantes da ESF, oficinas com os estudantes, avaliação clinica e odontológica dos adolescentes e entrega de Cadernetas de Saúde do Adolescente. A implantação do PSE permitiu aos profissionais de saúde a percepção do seu papel social de educador e possibilitou aos adolescentes maior contato com a equipe da ESF. A aproximação entre escola e ESF é fundamental para ajudar os adolescentes a transformarem a informação científica em comportamentos saudáveis.

  19. Anderson Exploration Ltd. 1998 annual report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    In 1998, Anderson Exploration's undeveloped land inventory in the western provinces decreased 7% to 3,183,000 net acres largely due to lease expiries and drilling activity. The undeveloped land base is located 63% in Alberta, 19% in British Columbia, 17% in Saskatchewan, and 1% in Manitoba. During 1998, Anderson Exploration participated in drilling 446 wells for oil and gas vs. 669 for 1997. The average working interest in the wells was 63% vs. 64% in 1997. In 1998, the company spent $109 million on the construction of field gathering systems and production facilities vs. $123 million in 1997. In 1998, the company's gas sales increased to 555 million cubic feet per day from 549 million cubic feet per day in 1997. Crude oil sales averaged 29,808 barrels per day in 1998, an increase of 9% over the 1997 production. In 1998, the company replaced 148% of production with proven reserve additions, net of revisions, by spending 163% of cash flow from operations on capital spending. After a volatile year in 1 997, natural gas prices stabilized somewhat in 1998. A modest price increase was experienced in 1997. The company's average plant gate natural gas price increased modestly in 1998 to $1.94 per thousand cubic feet, marking the 3rd consecutive price increase. The company owns an average interest of 10.4% in two straddle plants at Empress, Alberta. The company operates and is a 50% owner of Federated Pipe Lines Ltd. The company is committed to protecting the health and safety of all employees and the public, as well as preserving the quality of the environment

  20. US/Russian program in materials protection, control and accounting at the RRC Kurchatov Institute: 1997--1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sukhoruchkin, V.; Rumyantsev, A.; Shmelev, V.

    1998-01-01

    Six US Department of Energy Laboratories are carrying out a program of cooperation with the Russian Research Center Kurchatov Institute to improve nuclear material protection, control and accounting (MPC and A) at Kurchatov. In 1997--1998 the primary thrust of this program has been directed to Building 106, which houses a number of test reactors and critical facilities. Substantial improvements in physical protection, upgrades in the physical inventory taking procedures, installation of equipment for the computerized materials accounting system, and installation of nuclear material portal monitors and neutron-based measurement equipment are being carried out at this facility. Software for the computerized accounting system, named KI-MACS, has been developed at Kurchatov and the system has been fully integrated with the bar code printing and reading equipment, electronic scales, and nondestructive assay equipment provided under this program. Additional 1997--1998 activities at Kurchatov include continuation of a tamper indicating device program, vulnerability assessments of several facilities, hosting of a Russian-American Workshop on Fissile Material Control and Accountability at Critical Facilities, and the development of accounting procedures for transfers of nuclear materials between material balance areas

  1. Auditoria médica: programa de pré-natal em posto de saúde na região Sul do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descreve-se a auditoria médica realizada entre as mulheres que se inscreveram em programa de pré-natal com o objetivo de verificar as características da assistência à gestação e de estabelecer diretrizes de atenção. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se levantamento epidemiológico dos cartões das gestantes inscritas no Programa de Pré-natal do Posto de Saúde da Vila Municipal, Pelotas, RS, com data provável de parto durante 1997 e no primeiro semestre de 1998. Foram incluídas as mulheres ingressadas no Programa até o quarto mês de gestação e que tiveram cinco consultas no mínimo. Foi utilizada a análise bivariada para detectar as condições marcadoras da assistência médica. RESULTADOS: Em 1997, 73 mulheres se inscreveram no Programa de Pré-natal e, em 1998, 75. A média de consultas durante o pré-natal foi de 5,2 em 1997 e 6,2 em 1998. Essa diferença foi significativa (p<0,05. Analisaram-se diversos indicadores de processo médico que traduzem a qualidade da atenção. CONCLUSÃO: Discutiu-se a utilidade do instrumental epidemiológico na organização de um serviço de saúde. Ressaltou-se que esse tipo de estudo é rápido, barato e fornece informações para o direcionamento das atividades dos serviços.

  2. Auditoria médica: programa de pré-natal em posto de saúde na região Sul do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descreve-se a auditoria médica realizada entre as mulheres que se inscreveram em programa de pré-natal com o objetivo de verificar as características da assistência à gestação e de estabelecer diretrizes de atenção. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se levantamento epidemiológico dos cartões das gestantes inscritas no Programa de Pré-natal do Posto de Saúde da Vila Municipal, Pelotas, RS, com data provável de parto durante 1997 e no primeiro semestre de 1998. Foram incluídas as mulheres ingressadas no Programa até o quarto mês de gestação e que tiveram cinco consultas no mínimo. Foi utilizada a análise bivariada para detectar as condições marcadoras da assistência médica. RESULTADOS: Em 1997, 73 mulheres se inscreveram no Programa de Pré-natal e, em 1998, 75. A média de consultas durante o pré-natal foi de 5,2 em 1997 e 6,2 em 1998. Essa diferença foi significativa (p<0,05. Analisaram-se diversos indicadores de processo médico que traduzem a qualidade da atenção. CONCLUSÃO: Discutiu-se a utilidade do instrumental epidemiológico na organização de um serviço de saúde. Ressaltou-se que esse tipo de estudo é rápido, barato e fornece informações para o direcionamento das atividades dos serviços.

  3. Mortalidade por dependência de álcool no Brasil: 1998 - 2002 Mortalidad por dependencia de alcohol en el Brasil: 1998 - 2002 Alcohol-dependence mortality in Brazil: 1998 - 2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leticia Marín-León

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Para analisar a mortalidade por dependência de álcool no Brasil (1998-2002 utilizando-se a causa básica de morte das estatísticas oficias, consideraram-se os óbitos decorrentes de "transtornos mentais e comportamentais devidos ao uso de álcool" (F10 da Classificação Internacional de Doenças CID-10. Em 2002 ocorreram 4580 óbitos masculinos e 515 femininos por dependência de álcool, correspondendo a 0,8% das mortes masculinas e 0,1% das femininas. Esses valores representaram 83,3% dos óbitos por distúrbios mentais nos homens e 34,8% nas mulheres. O coeficiente médio anual no período 1998-2002 foi de 5,8 óbitos/100.000 homens, com variações por faixa etária, sendo maior entre os de 45 a 54 anos (16,0 óbitos/100.000 homens. Comparando-se o Brasil com o Canadá, essa mortalidade, embora inferior, especialmente nas mulheres, é muito mais precoce; 46% dos casos ocorreram entre 15 e 44 anos. A Região Sudeste apresentou a maior taxa de mortalidade masculina (6,6 óbitos/100.000 homens. Apontam-se os fatores de subestimação da mortalidade neste estudo. Trata-se de óbitos evitáveis e os homens jovens na Região Sudeste são o grupo prioritário na promoção da saúde e programas de recuperação.Para analizar la mortalidad por dependencia de alcohol en el Brasil (1998-2002, utilizándose la causa básica de muerte de las estadísticas oficiales, se consideraron las muertes decurrentes de "trastornos mentales y de comportamiento debidos al uso de alcohol" (F10 de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades CID-10. En 2002 ocurrieron 4580 muertes masculinas y 515 femeninos por dependencia de alcohol, correspondiendo al 0,8% de las muertes masculinas y al 0,1% de las femeninas. Esos valores representan el 83,3% de las muertes por disturbios mentales en los hombres y el 34,8% en las mujeres. El coeficiente medio anual en el período 1998-2002 fue el de 5,8 muertes/100.000 hombres, con variaciones por gurpo de edad, siendo mayor

  4. High Temperature Materials Laboratory, Eleventh Annual Report: October 1997 through September 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pasto, A.E.; Russell, B.J.

    2000-03-01

    The High Temperature Materials Laboratory (HTML) has completed its eleventh year of operation as a designated US Department of Energy User Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This document profiles the historical growth of the HTML User and Fellowship Programs since their inception in 1987. Growth of the HTML programs has been demonstrated by the number of institutions executing user agreements and by the number of days of instrument use (user days) since the HTML began operation.A total of 522 agreements (351 industry,156 university,and 15 other federal agency) are now in effect (452 nonproprietary and 70 proprietary). This represents an increase of 75 user agreements since the last reporting period (for FY 1997). A state-by-state summary of the nonproprietary user agreements is given in Appendix A. Forty-six states are represented. During FY 1998, the HTML User Program evaluated 80 nonproprietary proposals (32 from industry, 45 from universities, and 3 from other government facilities) and several proprietary proposals. Appendix B provides a detailed breakdown of the nonproprietary proposals received during FY 1998. The HTML User Advisory Committee approved about 95% of those proposals, sometimes after the prospective user revised the proposal based on comments from the committee. This annual report discusses activities in the individual user centers as well as plans for the future. It also gives statistics about users, proposals, and publications as well as summaries of the nonproprietary research projects active during 1998.

  5. Measurement of concentrations of 7Be, 90Sr, 134,137Cs, 210Pb and 226Ra in the tropospheric and lower stratospheric air in 1997 and 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kownacka, L.; Jaworowski, Z.; Zajac, B.

    1999-01-01

    In this report the results of the vertical distribution of atmospheric particulates concentrations of fission products and natural radionuclides 7 Be, 210 Pb, 226 Ra are presented for 1997 and 1998. The measurements have been carried out over north-eastern part of Poland. The samples of aerosols were collected with airplane samplers at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 km altitudes, and with a stationary sampler near the ground level. Concentrations of radiocesium in both stratospheric and ground level air were in 1997 and 1998 lower then before the Chernobyl accident. In the troposphere in 1998 concentration increased by a factor of 6 due to a nuclear incident in Spain. (author)

  6. Streblidae (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea sobre morcegos filostomídeos (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae em cavernas do Distrito Federal Brasil Streblid batflies (Diptera, Streblidae on phyllostomid bats from eaves in Distrito Federal Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Graciolli

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available A survey of streblid batflies on phyllostomid bats was carried out from caves in Distrito Federal, Brazil during 1997 and 1998. Thirteen species were found on eight species of bats. Two species of batflies, Trichobius lonchophyllae Wenzel, 1966 and T. propinquus Wenzel, 1976, are new records for Brazil.

  7. Technical progress by major task. Semiannual technical progress report, September 29, 1997 - March 29, 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The technical progress achieved during the period 29 September 1997 through 29 March 1998 on Contract DE-AC03-91SF18852 Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators and Ancillary Activities is described in this report. The report is organized by program task structure: spacecraft integration and liaison; engineering support; safety; qualified unicouple production; RTG fabrication, assembly, and test; ground support equipment; RTG shipping and launch support; designs, reviews, and mission applications; project management, quality assurance, reliability, contract changes, CAGO acquisition (operating funds), and CAGO maintenance and repair

  8. Scientific and technical production of IPEN - Nuclear and Energetic Research Institute, SP, Brazil. 1997-1999

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2001-01-01

    This document reports the general activities results of technical and scientific research production of the Institute for Energetic and Nuclear Researches, IPEN, Brazil, during the year of 1997-1999, listing journal articles, scientific events (complete texts, communications, abstracts and panels), thesis and dissertations, books, technical and scientific reports

  9. Laureates of the Palladin Prize of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (19971998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. P. Vynogradova

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available V. A. Baraboi received the O.V. Palladin prize in 1997 for the series of works “The role of lipid peroxidation in the mechanism of ionizing radiation damage and stress”. O. Iu. Petrenko, O. M. Sukochov, L. P. Kravchenko were awarded the O.V. Palladin prize in 1998 for the series of works “The function of intracellular structures in isolated hepatocytes depending on the metabolic status and the effects of low temperatures”.

  10. Tendências nas condições de saúde e uso de serviços de saúde entre idosos brasileiros: um estudo baseado na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (1998, 2003 Trends in health conditions and use of health services by the Brazilian elderly: a study based on the National Household Sample Survey (1998, 2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar as tendências das condições de saúde e do uso de serviços de saúde entre idosos brasileiros, utilizando dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostras de Domicílios (PNAD. Foram incluídos no estudo 28.943 e 35.042 participantes das PNAD 1998 e 2003 com idade > 60 anos, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que houve melhora nas condições de saúde dos idosos nesse período, considerando-se indicadores como percepção da saúde, ter estado recentemente acamado, capacidade para realizar atividades da vida diária e número de doenças crônicas. Os resultados também monstraram que houve aumento do número de consultas médicas e odontológicas entre 1998 e 2003. Tais tendências foram consistentemente observadas em ambos os sexos. Os autores chamam a atenção para a importância do suplemento de saúde da PNAD como fonte de informação para o monitoramento e/ou vigilância das condições de saúde da população idosa brasileira.This study examined trends in health conditions and use of health services by the Brazilian elderly, based on health data from the National Household Sample Surveys (PNAD conducted in 1998 and 2003. 28,943 and 35,042 individuals aged > 60 years were included in the study, respectively. The results showed an improvement in health conditions in the study population during this period, as measured by self-rated health, having remained bedridden in the previous two weeks, ability to perform selected activities of daily living, number of chronic conditions, and self-reported arthritis. There was also an increase in the number of doctor and dentist visits from 1998 to 2003. The trends were consistent for both men and women. The results emphasize the importance of the PNAD health supplement as a source of information for the surveillance or monitoring of health and health-related conditions in the Brazilian elderly population.

  11. Evaluation of data of questionnaire Nutrition and Health (1997-1998) concerning the topic 'What consumers think about food irradiation?'

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Szabo, A.S.; Tolnay, P.

    1998-01-01

    Detailed information is presented about the evaluation of data of the title questionnaire. The data are based on 2000 questionnaires distributed and collected in 1997 and 1998. Evaluation is carried out taking into account the following parameters: age, sex, education level, living place and financial income. It is concluded that people have a rather limited information about food irradiation

  12. An overview of dental radiology in cities of Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Menezes, F.L.; Paschoal, C.M.M.; Ferreira, F.C.L.; Belinato, W.

    2015-01-01

    In Brazil, the National Ordinance No. 453/1998 of the Ministry of Health regulates the operation of medical and odontological diagnostic radiology services. However, the inspection of periapical dental X-ray equipment is not carried out by some Sanitary Surveillances. This study intended to determine the suitability to the ordinance of the dental offices of Sobral-CE, Northeast of Brazil, and to compare the results with literature data for other cities of Brazil, giving a view of dental radiology of this country. It was performed tests of radiation field and image quality, and it was applied questionnaires to the professionals of Sobral-CE. For the image quality test, it was used a dental phantom and the processing of the films was performed in the clinics and at the laboratory (standard). The questionnaire assessed physical parameters that interfere on the radiation protection and on the quality of images. The results show that the ordinance is not being properly followed and that it is necessary to inspect the periapical X-ray equipments. Moreover, in general, it is observed that dental professionals should have better training on ionizing radiation and on radiation protection. (authors)

  13. AGS experiments -- 1995, 1996 and 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Depken, J.C.; Presti, P.L.

    1997-12-01

    This report contains (1) FY 1995 AGS schedule as run; (2) FY 1996 AGS schedule as run; (3) FY 1997 AGS schedule as run; (4) FY 1998--1999 AGS schedule (proposed); (5) AGS beams 1997; (6) AGS experimental area FY 1995 physics program; (7) AGS experimental area FY 1996 physics program; (8) AGS experimental area FY 1997 physics program; (9) AGS experimental area FY 1998--1999 physics program (proposed); (10) a listing of experiments by number; (11) two-page summaries of each experiment, in order by number; and (12) listing of publications of AGS experiments.

  14. AGS experiments - 1995, 1996 and 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Depken, J.C.; Presti, P.L.

    1997-12-01

    This report contains (1) FY 1995 AGS schedule as run; (2) FY 1996 AGS schedule as run; (3) FY 1997 AGS schedule as run; (4) FY 1998--1999 AGS schedule (proposed); (5) AGS beams 1997; (6) AGS experimental area FY 1995 physics program; (7) AGS experimental area FY 1996 physics program; (8) AGS experimental area FY 1997 physics program; (9) AGS experimental area FY 1998--1999 physics program (proposed); (10) a listing of experiments by number; (11) two-page summaries of each experiment, in order by number; and (12) listing of publications of AGS experiments

  15. Energy Balance of the Sao Paulo State -1998 Base year 1997; Balanco energetico do Estado de Sao Paulo - 1998. Ano base 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-07-01

    This energy balance of the Sao Paulo State presents the following main topics that can be outstanding: panorama of the energy matrix; supply and demand of energy by source 1983-1997; energy consumption by sector 1983/1997; economic aspects; resources and reserves energy; and balance of the transformation centers 1983/1997.

  16. Cambios en la prevalencia de la caries dental en escolares de tres regiones de México: encuestas de 1987-1988 y de 1997-1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Velázquez Monroy Oscar

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Comparar la prevalencia y la gravedad de la caries dental en dos estudios de vigilancia epidemiológica realizados en tres regiones de México en los años 1987-1988 y en 1997-1998. MÉTODOS: La encuesta de 1987-1988 se aplicó a una muestra representativa de escolares de 6 a 10 años de edad de los estados de Nuevo León, Tabasco y el Distrito Federal (D.F.; adicionalmente se incluyeron escolares de 12 años del D.F. El total de alumnos examinados en 1987-1988 fue de 7590. En la encuesta de 1997-1998 se incluyó a escolares de 6 a 10 y 12 años de edad de las tres regiones estudiadas. El total de alumnos incluidos en 1997-1998 fue de 8164. Se compararon las medias del índice de dientes cariados, perdidos u obturados (CPOD de cada grupo de edad en ambos períodos. RESULTADOS: Los resultados mostraron una disminución de la prevalencia y de la gravedad de la caries dental en los grupos de edad examinados (P < 0,05. En 1997-1998, tanto en el estado de Tabasco como en el de Nuevo León se logró la meta propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud de reducir a no más de tres los dientes cariados, perdidos u obturados a los 12 años de edad, con índices de CPOD de 2,67 y 1,72, respectivamente, aunque el D.F. sobrepasó esa cifra tope (CPOD = 3,11. CONCLUSIÓN: La disminución observada en los índices CPOD podría deberse a varios factores, tales como el consumo de sal fluorada, el uso de dentífricos y enjuagues fluorados, y un mayor acceso a los servicios odontológicos.

  17. Framatome announces its 1997 results; Framatome annonce ses resultats 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-05-18

    This press dossier presents the 1997 financial year of Framatome group: turnover and key-numbers, results, sectoral analysis (nuclear engineering (nuclear realizations, fuels, services and equipments); connectors engineering (automotive, electrical, electronic, interconnection and microelectronic industries), industrial equipments). Then, the 1998 objectives are presented with the strategy of the group (Chinese, central and eastern Europe nuclear programs, French-German joint EPR project, services and nuclear fuels, connectors engineering, industrial equipments, manpower, research and development programs). This part is followed by a presentation of some 1997 events and by the text of the press conference from May 18, 1998 which presented the activities of the group, its competences and know-how in the nuclear domain. (J.S.)

  18. Reduction of social inequalities in utilization of dental care in Brazil from 1998 to 2008.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peres, Karen Glazer; Peres, Marco Aurélio; Boing, Antonio Fernando; Bertoldi, Andréa Dâmaso; Bastos, João Luiz; Barros, Aluisio J D

    2012-04-01

    To analyze access to and utilization of dental care services in Brazil. We used data from the 2003 and 2008 Brazilian National Household Surveys, which we compared to data from the 1998 survey. We investigated access and utilization variables at ages three, six, nine, 12, 15, and 19 years in the first (Q1) and fifth (Q5) quintiles of per capita family income. All analyses took into account the complex sampling strategy. The proportion of subjects that had never seen a dentist decreased during the period (18.7% in 1998, 15.9% in 2003 and 11.7% in 2008). There was an important reduction in the absolute difference in failure to use dental care services after age nine years between Q1 and Q5 from 1998 to 2008, which decreased to about half its value at 15 (30.3 percentage points - pp to 16.1 pp) and 19 years (20.4 pp to 9.9 pp). Q5/Q1 ratios for recent dental appointments fell across all age groups, especially between zero and six years (Q5/Q1 from 3.2 to 2.6); utilization of the National Health Care System for dental care increased in Q1 and Q5, with a reduction in the Q1/Q5 ratio of approximately 20%. Use of the National Health Care System for dental care increased by approximately 8% in Q1 and 35% in Q5 between 2003 and 2008. There have been considerable advances in terms of reducing inequalities in access to, and increasing the utilization of, dental care services in Brazil between 1998 and 2008. However, inequality between social groups remains substantial.

  19. Report of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section to the International Nuclear Data Committee for the period 1997-1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oblozinsky, P.

    1999-04-01

    This progress report describes the activities of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section in the years 1997 and 1998. The report provides information on the staff and budget, activities of the Nuclear Data Centre, co-ordination of the Nuclear Data Centre Networks, nuclear data development projects, technology transfer, computer support, and atomic and molecular data activities. This is complemented by additional information, including meetings, publications and new products that illustrate activities in the reported period. (author)

  20. Evolução das desigualdades sociais em saúde entre idosos e adultos brasileiros: um estudo baseado na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD 1998, 2003 Health inequality trends among Brazilian adults and old-aged: a study based on the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD 1998, 2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se as desigualdades sociais em saúde de adultos (20-64 anos e idosos (> 65 anos brasileiros se alteraram entre 1998 e 2003. O estudo foi realizado em uma amostra de 203.455 e 239.700 participantes da PNAD 1998 e 2003, respectivamente. As condições de saúde e função física, uso de serviços de saúde e filiação a plano de saúde daqueles pertencentes ao quintil inferior da distribuição da renda domiciliar per capita foram comparadas às daqueles com renda mais alta, utilizando-se métodos multivariados de análise. Os resultados mostraram que nos dois anos considerados, os indivíduos no estrato mais baixo de renda apresentavam piores condições de saúde, pior função física e menor uso de serviços de saúde, tanto na faixa etária de 20-64 quanto na de > 65 anos de idade. As forças das associações entre renda domiciliar per capita, condições de saúde e uso de serviços de saúde não se modificaram entre 1998 e 2003, indicando que não houve alterações nas desigualdades sociais em saúde no período estudado. A persistência dessas desigualdades aponta para a ineficiência de políticas, nos últimos cinco anos, que as reduzissem.The aim of this study was to verify whether health inequalities among Brazilian adults (20-64 years and old-aged (> 65 years have changed from 1998 to 2003. The study was conducted in samples of 203.455 and 239.700 participants of the National Household Sample Survey in 1998 and 2003 respectively. The health characteristics of those in the lower quintile of the per capita family income were compared to those with higher income by means of multivariate analysis methods. The characteristics considered in this study were health conditions and physical functioning, use of medical and dental services and health plan affiliation. The results from both years showed poorer health conditions, poorer physical functioning and less use of medical and dental services

  1. Acesso aos serviços de saúde nas áreas urbana e rural do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Lúcia Kassouf

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available Utilizando-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD, de 1998, analisou-se os determinantes da procura por atendimento à saúde devido à doença, nas áreas urbana e rural do Brasil. A variável estado de saúde do indivíduo foi estimada em função de variáveis de infra-estrutura do domicílio, características individuais, renda familiar, etc., e sua estimativa foi utilizada como variável explanatória na equação de procura por atendimento à saúde, para evitar endogeneidade. O fator mais importante na determinação da procura por atendimento à saúde foi o estado de saúde do indivíduo, tanto na área urbana quanto no meio rural. Na área urbana, o nível de escolaridade também teve grande impacto em reduzir a procura por serviços de saúde.The determinants of the demand for health services due to health problems is analyzed in the urban and rural areas of Brazil, based on a 1998 household survey. The variable health status of each individual was estimated as a function on the household's infrastructure, individual characteristics, family income, etc., and the estimates were used as an explanatory variable in the demand for health services, to avoid endogeneity problems. The most important factor in determining health services in urban and rural areas was the individual's health status. In urban areas, schooling was also important to reduce the demand for health services.

  2. State Theory, Grassroots Agency, and Global Policy Transfer: The Life and Death of Colombia's "Escuela Nueva in Brazil" (1997-2012)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tarlau, Rebecca

    2017-01-01

    This article analyzes the transfer and 15-year policy trajectory of Colombia's "global best practice" "Escuela Nueva in Brazil." This program, initially transferred to Brazil in 1997 with the help of the World Bank, was largely unknown for the first decade of its life span. Then, between 2008 and 2011, "after" the…

  3. Annual report for the steering committee of the association Euratom-Belgian State for fusion 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Decreton, M

    1998-10-01

    This report is prepared for the annual steering committee meting of the Association Euratom - Belgian State in the area of fusion reactor technology. The Belgian contribution focuses on the assessment of the first wall and blanket materials under radiation and coolant interaction and on developments for the remote handling in maintenance activities. The period October 1997 to September 1998 is reported on.The fusion technology work performed at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK/CEN, the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering of the Louvain University (Belgium) and S.A. Gradel, a Luxemburg-based organisation, is described.

  4. Annual report for the steering committee of the association Euratom-Belgian State for fusion 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Decreton, M.

    1998-10-01

    This report is prepared for the annual steering committee meting of the Association Euratom - Belgian State in the area of fusion reactor technology. The Belgian contribution focuses on the assessment of the first wall and blanket materials under radiation and coolant interaction and on developments for the remote handling in maintenance activities. The period October 1997 to September 1998 is reported on.The fusion technology work performed at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK/CEN, the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering of the Louvain University (Belgium) and S.A. Gradel, a Luxemburg-based organisation, is described

  5. Captura incidental de tortugas marinas durante El Niño 1997-1998, en el norte del Perú Sea turtles by-catch during El Niño 1997-1998, in northern Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Castro

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta evidencia del aumento de capturas incidentales de tortugas marinas en el norte del Perú, durante el fenómeno El Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENOS 1997-1998. El área de estudio se ubica frente a Lambayeque, entre 6°20'S y 7°10'S, y desde la costa hasta 35 mn mar afuera. Se analizaron y describieron los aparejos de enmalle por ser los que más interactuaban con estas tortugas, así como las características de las embarcaciones. Se registraron las tortugas capturadas por la flota artesanal entre enero 1996 y diciembre 1998; se identificó las especies capturadas y se analizó la captura por unidad de esfuerzo (CPUE; la información se correlacionó con la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM. Se analizó un total de 265 operaciones de pesca, capturándose un total de 383 tortugas, correspondiendo 80,4% a la tortuga pico de loro (Lepidochelys olivacea, 19,3% a la tortuga verde (Chelonia mydas y 0.2% a la tortuga carey (Eretmochelys imbricata. Se encontró una correlación altamente significativa entre las capturas de tortugas marinas y la TSM con un intervalo de confianza del 99% (Pearson; r = 0,787; σ = 0,000; N = 36. Se recomienda reforzar la colaboración entre entidades públicas y privadas para implementar medidas de manejo adecuadas para la conservación de estas especies amenazadas, sobre todo ante la eventualidad de un fenómeno ENOS.The main purpose of this work is to present evidence of sea turtles by-catch increase in northern Peru during the 1997-1998 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO process. The study area is located off Lambayeque, between 6°20'S and 7°10'S, and from the coastline up to 35 nm offshore. The gillnet artisanal fishery was analyzed and described, since this was the fishing gear which most interact with sea turtles, the boat characteristics were evaluated as well. Sea turtle captures and species identification were registered from January 1996 until December 1998. The catch per unit effort (CPUE was

  6. Traffic accidents in Brazil from 1998 to 2010: many changes and few effects.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bacchieri, Giancarlo; Barros, Aluísio J D

    2011-10-01

    The paper describes the situation of road traffic accidents in Brazil since 1998, when a new Brazilian traffic law was approved, up to the year 2010. A review of both academic and non-academic literature was carried out, including journals (both indexed and non-indexed), technical reports, author searches, searches in paper reference lists and direct contact with researchers. The main problems related to road traffic accidents in Brazil identified were the increase in the absolute number of deaths and in the mortality rates, a rapid increase in the number of motorcycles, and drink & driving. Influent authors in the field and centers of expertise were identified. Some potential solutions are presented by the authors, who suggest that the public offices related to traffic regulation and control are not taking suitable measures for control and reduction of road traffic accidents.

  7. Panorama 1998. Les faits porteurs d'avenir Panorama 1998. Presages for the Future

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Appert O.

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available L'année 1997 est à marquer d'une pierre blanche pour l'industrie pétrolière et gazière. Les bénéfices des compagnies, tant pétrolières que para pétrolières, ont ainsi atteint des sommets, alors que leurs valeurs boursières ne cessaient de grimper. Ces résultats financiers exceptionnels ont en fait reflété une conjonction d'éléments favorables au secteur. La demande mondiale est toujours en forte croissance. Le terrain de chassecontinue à s'étendre, grâce notamment aux progrès technologiques et à l'ouverture de très nombreux pays aux compagnies pétrolières internationales. Quant au raffinage, qui faisait pourtant figure de parent pauvre au sein des différentes activités des sociétés ces dernières années, il aura finalement connu un léger mieux. A travers l'analyse des événements majeurs survenus en 1997, qui ne saurait éluder la crise financière asiatique ou la conférence de Kyoto, l'objectif est avant tout de mettre en évidence les éléments qui devraient conditionner l'avenir de l'ensemble de l'industrie des hydrocarbures. Cette dernière, alors que l'année 1998 semble s'ouvrir sous des auspices moins favorables, devra tirer les leçons de ce passé récent pour être à même de relever les deux grands défis qui se présentent à elle : l'environnement, enjeu majeur à tous les niveaux, et la technologie, qui permet de repousser les limites du possible, techniquement et économiquement. 1997 has been a red-letter year for the oil and gas industry. Thus, the benefits of both oil companies and service and supply ones have rocketed, while their market values have kept shooting up. Actually, those exceptional financial results have reflected a conjunction of elements favorable to the sector. World demand is still growing rapidly. The hunting groundkeeps spreading, more particularly thanks to technological progress and the opening up of a large number of countries to international oil companies. As for

  8. Declínio da cárie em um município da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de 1998 a 2004 Declining caries rate in a municipality in northwestern São Paulo State, Brazil, 1998-2004

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ronald Jefferson Martins

    2006-05-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os índices CPOD, ceod, SiC Index e a porcentagem de crianças livres de cárie, em escolares de 5 a 12 anos da rede pública do Município de Bilac, São Paulo, Brasil, em estudos realizados nos anos de 1998, 2000, 2002 e 2004. Utilizou-se a mesma metodologia (OMS-1997 em todos os levantamentos. O teste estatístico kappa foi calculado a cada estudo, obtendo-se o valor de concordância interexaminadores mínimo de 0,86 e máximo de 0,89, e intra-examinador mínimo de 0,91. O índice ceod diminuiu pouco nos anos de 1998 e 2004. Houve uma redução contínua do índice CPOD aos 12 anos, passando de 5,28 em 1998 para 4,11 em 2000, 3,47 em 2002 e 2,62 em 2004, e o fenômeno da polarização. Na proporção inversa, a porcentagem de crianças com 5 anos livres de cárie aumentou de 37,9% em 1998 para 40% em 2000 e 2002, e 45,3% em 2004. Conclui-se que está ocorrendo a redução da cárie dentária na faixa etária de 12 anos entre escolares do ensino público do município.This study analyzes the DMF and DEF indices, SiC index, and percentage of caries-free public schoolchildren in the municipality of Bilac, São Paulo State, Brazil, in 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2004. The same methodology was employed (WHO-1997 in all the surveys. Kappa test was carried out at each stage, and the minimal and maximum inter-examiner agreement values obtained were 0.86 and 0.89, respectively, while minimal intra-examiner agreement values were 0.91. DEF indices decreased slightly in the years 1998 and 2004. There was a continuous reduction in the DMF index, as well as the phenomenon of polarization at 12 years of age. The rate was 5.28 in 1998, decreasing to 4.11 in 2000, 3.47 in 2002, and 2.62 in 2004. Inversely, the proportion of caries-free 5-year-olds increased from 37.9% in 1998 to 40% in 2000 and 2002 and 45.3% in 2004. In conclusion, there has been a decrease in dental caries in 12 year-old public schoolchildren in the municipality.

  9. Relative intensity of bilateral trade flows, regional integration, and trade performance: the case of Brazil, 1984-1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silva Valquiria da

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this research is to identify the component of trade that results specifically from bilateral relations and evaluate how the creation of trading blocs affects trade relations between countries. The trirapport coefficient of the relative intensity of bilateral agricultural sector trade flows between Brazil and other countries from 1984 and 1998 is used in the evaluation. In general, the results show that relative trade intensity between Brazil and its non-MERCOSUL trade partners fell after their entry into regional trade agreements (extra-bloc effect. The intra-bloc effect (trade expansion is reflected by changes in trade intensity between Brazil and the other MERCOSUL members and changes in trade intensity between NAFTA members Mexico, Canada, and the United States.

  10. Bering Sea Inner Front zooplankton data sets collected with CalVet net on four cruises from 6/3/1997 - 9/1/1998 (NODC Accession 0000103)

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Zooplankton and other data were collected using CalVet net in Bering sea from ALPHA HELIX. Data were collected from 01 June 1997 to 01 September 1998 by University...

  11. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among pregnant women receiving health services at the Puerto Rico University Hospital, Puerto Rico, 1997-1998.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Acosta, I; Aponte, Z; de-Jesús, Z; de-León, A; González, M C; Hernández, J; Martínez, P; Santos, E R; Pérez-Perdomo, R

    2001-06-01

    To estimate the prevalence and to describe the clinical characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women receiving health care services at the Puerto Rico University Hospital from 1997 to 1998. The study design was cross-sectional. All medical records available of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were retrospectively reviewed. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distributions and summary measures (mean and standard deviation) were used. Annual and 18-month period prevalences of GDM were calculated. Fisher's exact test was used to compare proportions. A total of 78 medical records were available during the 18-month study period (June 1997 to December 1998). The estimated prevalence of GDM was 2% for the total study period (18-month) as well as for the year 1998. The highest proportion (52.3%) of GDM cases was found in the 30 years or less age group. Forty-eight percent had a body mass index (BMI) > or = 30 m/kg2 (obese) before pregnancy; however, the weight gained during the last pregnancy was higher than 15 pounds (57%). Sixty-four percent of the cases had a family history of diabetes, meanwhile, 34.7% reported a history of GDM during previous pregnancies. During the first prenatal visit, 80.5% reflected glucose levels higher than 110 mg/ml. Preeclampsia (6.4%) and macrosomia (14%) were the most frequent complications for the mother and the fetus, respectively. More epidemiological studies about GMD in Puerto Rico need to be performed to better describe the prevalence of the condition in the island.

  12. Annual report of the Tandem Accelerator Center, University of Tsukuba. April 1, 1997 - March 31, 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-06-01

    This report briefly described the investigations performed during the period from April 1997 to March 1998 in Tandem Accelerator Center. The 12 UD Pelletron tandem accelerator was reconstructed and the first beam test was carried out in Nov. 1997. In nuclear physics, the measurement of total reaction cross sections, the non-resonant breakup of {sup 7}Li and {sup 9}Be, the investigation of hole states via (p,d) reaction, nuclear structure physics by means of in-beam {gamma} ray spectroscopy and the study of the three dimensional cranking model have been performed. In interdisciplinary fields, the development of AMS system has been continued. The trace element analysis of mineral samples has been carried out by means of PIXE with the proton beam which was focused on the sample as narrow as 50 {mu}m{sup 2}. The hydrogen analysis using H({sup 19}F,{alpha}{gamma}) reaction has been started aiming at the extension of the measurement of depth profile down to a few tens of {mu}m deep region. (M.N.)

  13. Annual report of the Tandem Accelerator Center, University of Tsukuba. April 1, 1997 - March 31, 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-06-01

    This report briefly described the investigations performed during the period from April 1997 to March 1998 in Tandem Accelerator Center. The 12 UD Pelletron tandem accelerator was reconstructed and the first beam test was carried out in Nov. 1997. In nuclear physics, the measurement of total reaction cross sections, the non-resonant breakup of 7 Li and 9 Be, the investigation of hole states via (p,d) reaction, nuclear structure physics by means of in-beam γ ray spectroscopy and the study of the three dimensional cranking model have been performed. In interdisciplinary fields, the development of AMS system has been continued. The trace element analysis of mineral samples has been carried out by means of PIXE with the proton beam which was focused on the sample as narrow as 50 μm 2 . The hydrogen analysis using H( 19 F,αγ) reaction has been started aiming at the extension of the measurement of depth profile down to a few tens of μm deep region. (M.N.)

  14. Determinantes das desigualdades na auto-avaliação do estado de saúde no Brasil: análise dos dados da PNAD/1998 Factors determining inequalities in the health condition self-assessment in Brazil: analysis of data of PNAD/1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Norberto W. Dachs

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho apresenta um panorama geral das desigualdades nos determinantes considerados na explicação das desigualdades na auto-avaliação do estado de saúde a partir dos dados da PNAD/1998. Mostra-se como existem gradientes na classificação do estado de saúde autopercebido de acordo com os níveis de educação, de renda per capita, de acordo com a raça ou cor de pele das pessoas, por grandes regiões do país e especialmente com o aumento da idade. Usando modelos de regressão logística, tenta-se explicar quais as determinações importantes dessa autoclassificação. Os resultados mais importantes indicam que educação e rendimento têm efeitos que se somam e que há diferenças entre homens e mulheres e de acordo com populações urbanas e rurais. As desigualdades na classificação do estado de saúde de acordo com a raça ou cor de pele das pessoas deixam de ser estatisticamente significativas depois de se controlar por nível de educação e de renda. Discute-se a utilidade desse tipo de informação sobre classificação autopercebida de saúde e a importância de melhorar, em futuros inquéritos, a qualidade dos dados por meio de sugestões sobre alterações nos procedimentos de entrevista.The work presents a general picture of the inequalities in the determinants considered to explain the disparities in the self-evaluation of health status using the data of the PNAD/1998. It is shown that there are large gradients in the classification of health status according to levels of education and income per capita, according to race or color of the skin, for the great regions of the country and specially with age. Using logistic regression models an attempt is made to explain which are the most important determinants of this self-classification. The results show that education and income have separate additive effects and that there are differences between men and women and according to living in urban or rural areas. The

  15. Aasta 1998 : Põhjamaalased eirasid loodusseadusi... ka kindlustuses / River Tomera

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Tomera, River

    1999-01-01

    Ülevaade Eesti kindlustusturust 1998.a. Sundkindlustuse turg, ettevõtete turg, eraisikute turg, õnnetusjuhtumi- ja reisikindlustus, elukindlustuse turg (1997. ja 1998.a. andmed: juurdekasv, segmendi osa turul). 1998.a.

  16. Umatilla Hatchery Monitoring and Evaluation, 1997-1998 Annual Report.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hayes, Michael C.; Brown, Kassandra A.; Waln, Karen (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Portland, OR)

    1999-11-01

    This report summarizes monitoring and evaluation studies of salmonids reared at Umatilla Fish Hatchery (UFH) for the period November 1, 1997 to October 31, 1998. Studies at Umatilla Hatchery are designed to evaluate rearing of chinook salmon and steelhead in ''Michigan raceways''. Characteristics of Michigan raceways include high fish densities, rapid water turnover, oxygen supplementation, reuse of water, and baffles designed to reduce cleaning. Fish health at UFH and other facilities associated with the Umatilla program are intensively monitored and evaluated as part of the overall research project. Further, under the Integrated Hatchery Operations Team guidelines, specific requirements for fish health monitoring are mandatory and have become the responsibility of the fish health staff conducting studies at UFH. Additional studies include evaluations of sport fisheries in the Umatilla River and mass marking and straying of fall chinook salmon. Except for adult recovery data, an experiment designed to evaluate rearing subyearling fall chinook salmon in Michigan and Oregon raceways has been completed. We are currently in the second year of rearing subyearling fall chinook salmon at three densities. Experimental rearing of subyearling, fall release, and yearling spring chinook salmon, and steelhead has also been conducted. Although preliminary adult return data has been recovered, data on smolt-to-adult survival for all groups is incomplete. Conclusions in this report should be viewed as preliminary and used in conjunction with additional data as it becomes available.

  17. Investigations into the Early Life History of Naturally Spring Chinook Salmon in the Grande Ronde River Basin : Fish Research Project Oregon : Annual Progress Report Project Period 1 September 1997 to 31 August 1998.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Keefe, MaryLouise; Tranquilli, J. Vincent

    1998-01-01

    We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon from three populations in the Grande Ronde River basin. We estimated 6,716 juvenile chinook salmon left upper rearing areas of the Grande Ronde River from July 1997 to June 1998; approximately 6% of the migrants left in summer, 29% in fall, 2% in winter, and 63% in spring. We estimated 8,763 juvenile chinook salmon left upper rearing areas of Catherine Creek from July 1997 to June 1998; approximately 12% of the migrants left in summer, 37% in fall, 21% in winter, and 29% in spring. We estimated 8,859 juvenile chinook salmon left the Grande Ronde Valley, located below the upper rearing areas in Catherine Creek and the Grande Ronde River, from October 1997 to June 1998; approximately 99% of the migrants left in spring. We estimated 15,738 juvenile chinook salmon left upper rearing areas of the Lostine River from July 1997 to April 1998; approximately 3% of the migrants left in summer, 61% in fall, 2% in winter, and 34% in spring. We estimated 22,754 juvenile spring chinook salmon left the Wallowa Valley, located below the mouth of the Lostine River, from September 1997 to April 1998; approximately 55% of the migrants left in fall, 5% in winter, and 40% in spring. Juvenile chinook salmon PIT-tagged on the upper Grande Ronde River were detected at Lower Granite Dam from 4 April to 26 June 1998, with a median passage date of 1 May. PIT-tagged salmon from Catherine Creek were detected at Lower Granite Dam from 3 April to 26 June 1998, with a median passage date of 8 May. PIT-tagged salmon from the Lostine River were detected at Lower Granite Dam from 31 March through 26 May 1998, with a median passage date of 28 April. Juveniles tagged as they left the upper rearing areas of the Grande Ronde and Lostine rivers in fall and that overwintered in areas downstream were detected in the hydrosystem at a higher rate than fish tagged during winter in the upper rearing areas, indicating a higher

  18. Bacteria and other data from the HERMANO GINES using bottle casts in the Caribbean Sea from 14 November 1997 to 07 November 1998 (NODC Accession 0000340)

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Bacteria and other data were collected from the HERMANO GINES from November 14, 1997 to November 7, 1998. Data were submitted by State University of New York - Stony...

  19. Saúde da família: mudando práticas? Estudo de caso no município de Natal (RN Family health: changing practices? A case study in the city of Natal (RN, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marize Barros de Souza Araújo

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho, representa um estudo de caso qualitativo, cuja unidade de análise é a equipe de Saúde do Programa Saúde da Família do município de Natal (RN. Tem como objetivos analisar as concepções dos profissionais sobre a prática do trabalho em equipe e reconhecer nessas práticas elementos que contribuam para a efetiva mudança do modelo de saúde hegemônico. Partiu-se da definição e tipologia de equipe de saúde elaborada por Peduzzi (1998, como principal fundamentação teórica. O estudo foi realizado em seis unidades de saúde da família, nos distritos sanitários Norte e Oeste. Esses serviços foram selecionados de acordo com critérios preestabelecidos. Foi utilizada como método para coleta dos dados empíricos a entrevista semi-estruturada com as equipes de saúde da família. Para análise do material empírico, utilizou-se o discurso do sujeito coletivo proposto por Lefèvre e Lefèvre (2003. Os resultados apontam para um predomínio da equipe do tipo integração. O trabalho em equipe surge como elemento essencial para o desenvolvimento da Estratégia de Saúde da Família.This article presents a qualitative case study where the unit of analysis was the Family Health Program team of Natal city, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. The objectives were to analyze the conceptualizations of the professionals regarding teamwork as well as to identify in these practices the elements that contribute to an effective change in the hegemonic health model. The study was based on the Peduzzi (1998 typology and definition of health team and was conducted in six family health units in the North and East health districts selected by a pre-established criteria. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview applied in family health teams, which were analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse proposed by Lefèvre and Lefèvre (2003. The results indicate a predominance of an integrated team type, and also that teamwork is an

  20. Myxomycetes da Chapada do Araripe (Crato - CE, Brasil Myxomycetes from Chapada do Araripe (Crato, CE, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laise de Holanda Cavalcanti

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available Foi efetuado um levantamento dos Myxomyeetes ocorrentes em área de floresta no município do Crato, CE (7º13'53" S; 39º24'28'' W; Alt. 422m, assinalando-se as seguintes famílias e gêneros: Ceratiomyxaceae (Ceratiomyxa, 1 sp.; Cribrariaceae (Cribraria, lsp., Dictydium, 1 sp.; Didymiaceae (Didymium, 2sp.; Enteridiaceae (Dicrydiaethalium, 1sp.; Physaraceae (Badhamia, 2sp., Fuligo, 2sp., Physarum, 5sp.; Steinonitaceae (Comatricha, 3sp., Sfemonitis, 6sp.; Trichiaceae (Arcyria, 3sp., Hemitrichia, 2sp., Periclwena, 1 sp.- Constatou-se preferência das espécies para frutificar em troncos mortos de dicotiledôneas, seguindo-se restos de palmeiras e folhedo. O levantamento eleva para 30 o número de espécies referidas para o Ceará. Uma família e 19 espécies são novos registros para o Estado e Arcyria magna var. rosea Rex é nova referência para o Brasil. São apresentados comentários, chave de identificação e distribuição geográfica das espécies no Nordeste do Brasil.A survey on Myxomycetes was made in the woods of Crato Municipality. State of Ceará, Brazil (7º13'53" S; 39º24,28" W; Alt. 422m. when the following families and genera were registered: Ceratiomyxaceae (Ceratiomyxa, 1 sp.; Cribrariaceae (Cribraria, 1 sp., Dictydium. 1 sp.; Didymiaceae (Didymium, 2sp.; Enteridiaceae Dictydiaethalium, 1 sp.; Physaraceae (Badhamia. 2sp., Fuligo, 2sp., Physarum, 5sp.; Stemonitaceae Comatricha, 3sp., Stemonitis, 6sp.; Trichiaceae (Arcyria, 3sp., Hemitrichia, 2sp., Perichaena, lsp..The species sporulated mostly on dead dicotyledones wood, followed by monocotyledones (Arecaceae debris and litter. The survey raises the number of registers referred to the State of Ceará to 30 species. One family and 19 species are new records for that State while Arcyria magna var. rosea Rex represents a new record for Brazil. Key for the species, comments and geographical distribution in Northeast Brazil arc presented.

  1. Was the economic crisis 1997-1998 responsible for rising suicide rates in East/Southeast Asia? A time-trend analysis for Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chang, Shu-Sen; Gunnell, David; Sterne, Jonathan A C; Lu, Tsung-Hsueh; Cheng, Andrew T A

    2009-04-01

    In 1997-1998 a widespread economic crisis hit the economies of many East/Southeast Asian countries; its impact on suicide rates across the region has not been systematically documented. We investigated the impact of the Asian economic crisis (1997-1998) on suicide in Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand. Suicide and population data for the period 1985-2006 were extracted from the World Health Organisation's mortality database and Taiwanese mortality statistics. Sex-specific age-standardised suicide rates for people aged 15years or above were analysed using joinpoint regression. Trends in divorce, marriage, unemployment, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and alcohol consumption were compared with trends in suicide rates graphically and using time-series analysis. Suicide mortality decreased in the late 1980s and early 1990s but subsequently increased markedly in all countries except Singapore, which had steadily declining suicide rates throughout the study period. Compared to 1997, male rates in 1998 rose by 39% in Japan, 44% in Hong Kong and 45% in Korea; rises in female rates were less marked. Male rates also rose in Thailand, but accurate data were incomplete. The economic crisis was associated with 10,400 more suicides in 1998 compared to 1997 in Japan, Hong Kong and Korea. Similar increases in suicide rates were not seen in Taiwan and Singapore, the two countries where the economic crisis had a smaller impact on GDP and unemployment. Time-series analyses indicated that some of the crisis's impact on male suicides was attributable to increases in unemployment. These findings suggest an association of the Asian economic crisis with a sharp increase in suicide mortality in some, but not all, East/Southeast Asian countries, and that these increases were most closely associated with rises in unemployment.

  2. Temperature profile, fluorescence, and other data collected using CTD casts in the Gulf of Alaska from 10 October 1997 to 17 July 1998 (NODC Accession 0000224)

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Depth, fluorescence, temperature and other data were collected using CTD casts from the R/V ALPHA HELIX in the Gulf of Alaska from October 10, 1997 to July 17, 1998....

  3. Mortality due to pneumoconioses in macro-regions of Brazil from 1979 to 1998 Mortalidade por pneumoconioses nas macrorregiões do Brasil no período de 1979-1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hermano Albuquerque de Castro

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available Pneumoconioses make up a group of lung diseases related to exposure to mineral dusts in work environments. They represent a public health problem, considering that such diseases could already have been eradicated from Brazil, if control measures had been taken in such environments. The aim of this research was to map the distribution of deaths due to pneumoconioses in the different geographical areas and states of Brazil, by means of an ecological survey carried out in the working population older than 15 years. The preliminary results of this investigation in the Brazilian macro-regions from 1979 to 1998 are presented. This study used mortality data provided by the Mortality Information System of Datasus - Data Processing Department of the Unified Health System, using the codes of the ICD (International Classification of Diseases 9 and ICD 10. The results showed an increase in the mortality coefficient due to pneumoconioses per 1 million inhabitants per year along the studied period of time. By shifting from ICD 9 to ICD 10, the frequency of deaths doubled. We concluded that the mortality coefficients due to pneumoconioses do not reflect the problem properly, thus masking the transcendence and magnitude of the disease. In order to obtain more representative indicators, the actually exposed population and the territorial distribution of the disease have to be known.As pneumoconioses representam um conjunto de doenças pulmonares relacionadas à exposição às poeiras minerais nos ambientes de trabalho. Constituem um problema de saúde pública, visto que poderia ser uma doença já erradicada em nosso meio com o uso de medidas de controle nesses ambientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um mapeamento da distribuição de mortalidade das pneumoconioses nas regiões geográficas e nos Estados da Federação brasileira através de um estudo ecológico que utilizou como denominador a população ativa acima de 15 anos. Apresenta-se o

  4. Historicity as a Legitimising Argument in the Case of the Greek Educational Reforms of 1985 and 1997-1998 in General and Technical-Vocational Education

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bouzakis, Siphis; Koustourakis, Gerasimos

    2009-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to investigate how the "historical argument", namely references to the educational policies and practices of other historical periods, was used by Greek politicians in the framework of the 1985 and 1997-1998 educational reforms. Employing the method of quantitative and qualitative content analysis, the…

  5. Gasto privado com saúde por classes de renda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    KILSZTAJN SAMUEL

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O artigo analisa a participação do gasto privado com saúde das famílias no PIB e no total da renda familiar per capita e a distribuição do gasto privado com saúde das famílias por classes de renda. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa utilizou os microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios de 1998, com a divisão da população em quatro classes de renda familiar per capita e a distribuição dos gastos em planos de saúde, consultas médicas, consultas com outros profissionais de saúde, exames, medicamentos, artigos ortopédicos e aparelhos médicos, óculos e lentes, odontologia, hospitais, enfermagem domiciliar e outros gastos com saúde. RESULTADOS: Apenas 7,2% da população com renda familiar per capita até 1 salário mínimo em 1998 tinha direito a algum plano de saúde, e o gasto privado com saúde das famílias desta classe, que representava 52,5% da população, era em média de R$ 5,36 por pessoa. Para as pessoas com renda familiar per capita acima de 9 salários mínimos, os planos de saúde atingiam 83,2% da população e o gasto privado com saúde das famílias R$ 133,04. CONCLUSÕES: A implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde foi acompanhada pelo crescimento expressivo dos planos de saúde nos anos 90. Mesmo se todo o gasto público com saúde fosse destinado à população sem planos de saúde, ainda assim o gasto destas pessoas em 1998 só alcançaria R$ 352,62, ou seja, 43% do gasto com saúde das pessoas com planos, R$ 819,08.

  6. O vínculo na atenção à saúde: revisão sistematizada na literatura, Brasil (1998-2007 El vínculo en la atención a la salud: revisión sistematizada en la literatura, Brasil (1998-2007 Bond in health care: a systematic review of literature in Brazil (1998-2007

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Eugênia Firmino Brunello

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi levantar produções científicas brasileiras que se relacionavam à dimensão vínculo na atenção primária à saúde. O estudo abrangeu o período de 1998 a 2007, a partir das bases de dados LILACS e SciELO por meio das palavras-chave: atenção primária à saúde, acolhimento, tuberculose (indexados, vínculo, adesão, saúde, atenção básica, longitudinalidade e abandono (não indexados. Foram selecionadas 50 produções que posteriormente foram categorizadas. Os achados mostraram que houve um interesse maior pela temática após o ano de 2004, predominando publicações em periódicos que valorizam a saúde coletiva e estudos que se inserem no nível primário de atenção. Entende-se que o vínculo é fator importante para a atenção à saúde e tende a melhorar o conhecimento dos reais problemas da população atendida pelos serviços, além de facilitar o relacionamento dos usuários com os profissionais que os atendem.El objetivo del estudio fue levantar producciones científicas brasileñas que se relacionaban con la dimensión vínculo en la atención primaria a la salud. El estudio abarcó el período de 1998 a 2007, a partir de las bases de datos LILACS y SciELO por medio de las palabras clave: atención primaria a la salud, acogimiento, tuberculosis (indexados, vínculo, adhesión, salud, atención básica, longitudinal y abandono (no indexados. Fueron seleccionadas 50 producciones que posteriormente fueron categorizadas. Los hallazgos mostraron que hubo un interés mayor por la temática después del año de 2004, predominando publicaciones en periódicos que valorizan la salud colectiva y estudios que se sitúan en el nivel primario de atención. Se entiende que el vínculo es un factor importante para la atención a la salud y tiende a mejorar el conocimiento de los reales problemas de la población atendida por los servicios, además de facilitar la relación de los usuarios con los profesionales

  7. Transport of potential vorticity and Eliassen-Palm fluxes for two contrasting years: 1995–1996 (La Niña and 19971998 (El Niño

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. H. Franchito

    2002-05-01

    Full Text Available Potential vorticity transport (PV-Eliassen and Palm (EP cross sections are studied for two contrasting years: 1995–1996 (La Niña and 19971998 (El Niño. The results show that the largest differences in PV transport-EP fluxes between El Niño and La Niña events occur in winter in both hemispheres, but the changes are higher in the Northern Hemisphere. PV transport-EP fluxes are stronger in both July 1997 and January 1998 than in July 1995 and January 1996, respectively, indicating stronger baroclinic activity in the El Niño year compared to the La Niña year. The changes in PV transport seem to be due mainly to the changes in eddy heat fluxes. Due to the increase in the wind shear the Eady growth rate is stronger in the 19971998 El Niño compared to 1995–1996 La Niña. Consequently, the zonal winds are stronger in the El Niño event, although the location of the jet streams is almost the same in both the contrasting years. However, in the Southern Hemisphere, there are two regions of maxima Eady growth rate in July 1997 and a double jet is observed while a single jet is seen in July 1995 associated with only one maximum of Eady growth rate. In the case of summer, there is little difference in PV transport-EP fluxes between the two contrasting years in the hemispheres, although they are slightly higher in the El Niño event than in the La Niña event.Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology; general circulation

  8. Framatome announces its 1997 results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    This press dossier presents the 1997 financial year of Framatome group: turnover and key-numbers, results, sectoral analysis (nuclear engineering (nuclear realizations, fuels, services and equipments); connectors engineering (automotive, electrical, electronic, interconnection and microelectronic industries), industrial equipments). Then, the 1998 objectives are presented with the strategy of the group (Chinese, central and eastern Europe nuclear programs, French-German joint EPR project, services and nuclear fuels, connectors engineering, industrial equipments, manpower, research and development programs). This part is followed by a presentation of some 1997 events and by the text of the press conference from May 18, 1998 which presented the activities of the group, its competences and know-how in the nuclear domain. (J.S.)

  9. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technologies in Residential Building Codes: June 15, 1998 to September 15, 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wortman, D.; Echo-Hawk, L.

    2005-02-01

    This report is an attempt to describe the building code requirements and impediments to the application of EE and RE technologies in residential buildings. Several modern model building codes were reviewed. These are representative of the codes that will be adopted by most locations in the coming years. The codes reviewed for this report include: International Residential Code, First Draft, April 1998; International Energy Conservation Code, 1998; International Mechanical Code, 1998; International Plumbing Code, 1997; International Fuel Gas Code, 1997; National Electrical Code, 1996. These codes were reviewed as to their application to (1) PV systems in buildings and building-integrated PV systems and (2) active solar domestic hot water and space-heating systems. A discussion of general code issues that impact these technologies is also included. Examples of this are solar access and sustainability.

  10. Office of Inspector General semiannual report to Congress, October 1, 1997--March 31, 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-04-01

    This Office of Inspector General (OIG) Semiannual Report to the Congress covers the period from October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998. The report summarizes significant audit, inspection, and investigative accomplishments for the reporting period that facilitated Department of Energy (Department) efforts to improve management controls and ensure efficient and effective operation of its programs. This report highlights OIG accomplishments in support of its Strategic Plan. Narratives of the Office`s most significant reports are grouped by the strategic goals against which the OIG measures its performance. To put the OIG accomplishments for this reporting period in context, the following statistical information is provided: audit and inspection reports issued -- 47; recommendations that funds be put to better use -- $356,257,856; management commitment to taking corrective actions -- $289,106,445; criminal indictments/convictions -- 8; fines and recoveries -- $1,612,932; and investigative reports to management recommending positive change -- 21.

  11. Quantification and Simulation of Metal Loading to the Upper Animas River, Eureka to Silverton, San Juan County, Colorado, September 1997 and August 1998

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paschke, Suzanne S.; Kimball, Briant A.; Runkel, Robert L.

    2005-01-01

    Drainage from abandoned and inactive mines and from naturally mineralized areas in the San Juan Mountains of southern Colorado contributes metals to the upper Animas River near Silverton, Colorado. Tracer-injection studies and associated synoptic sampling were performed along two reaches of the upper Animas River to develop detailed profiles of stream discharge and to locate and quantify sources of metal loading. One tracer-injection study was performed in September 1997 on the Animas River reach from Howardsville to Silverton, and a second study was performed in August 1998 on the stream reach from Eureka to Howardsville. Drainage in the upper Animas River study reaches contributed aluminum, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, sulfate, and zinc to the surface-water system in 1997 and 1998. Colloidal aluminum, dissolved copper, and dissolved zinc were attenuated through a braided stream reach downstream from Eureka. Instream dissolved copper concentrations were lower than the State of Colorado acute and chronic toxicity standards downstream from the braided reach to Silverton. Dissolved iron load and concentrations increased downstream from Howardsville and Arrastra Gulch, and colloidal iron remained constant at low concentrations downstream from Howardsville. Instream sulfate concentrations were lower than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's secondary drinking-water standard of 250 milligrams per liter throughout the two study reaches. Elevated zinc concentrations are the primary concern for aquatic life in the upper Animas River. In the 1998 Eureka to Howardsville study, instream dissolved zinc load increased downstream from the Forest Queen mine, the Kittimack tailings, and Howardsville. In the 1997 Howardsville to Silverton study, there were four primary areas where zinc load increased. First, was the increase downstream from Howardsville and abandoned mining sites downstream from the Cunningham Gulch confluence, which also was measured during

  12. Direitos femininos no Brasil: um enfoque na saúde materna Women's rights in Brazil: focus on maternal health

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Cristina da Nóbrega Marinho Torres Leite

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Aborda a trajetória dos direitos femininos em saúde no Brasil, do período pós-guerra até os dias atuais com foco na saúde materna, por meio de levantamento histórico das iniciativas mais amplas do poder público no âmbito da saúde da mulher e da implantação de ações voltadas para assistência à gravidez, ao parto e puerpério, de estímulo à amamentação, e de medidas dirigidas às mulheres durante o período reprodutivo.Focusing on maternal health care, the article explores the path of women's health rights in Brazil since World War II. It presents a historical survey of broader government initiatives in this arena and of the introduction of actions to provide prenatal, birth, and postpartum care, encourage breastfeeding, and establish measures aimed at women during their reproductive lives.

  13. U.S. Mexico Border Despite Some Progress, Environmental Infrastructure Challenges Remain

    Science.gov (United States)

    2000-03-01

    Internacional de Limites International Boundary and y Aguas (CILA) Water Commission, Mexican Section grant To fund international wastewater...1997, and 1998. Gobierno del Estado de Chichuahua, et al. Programa de Gestion de la Calidad del Aire de Ciudad Juarez, 1998-2002. N.p., 1998...Instituto Nacional de Ecologia, et al. Segundo Informe Sohre la Calidad del Aire in Ciudades Mexicanas, 1997. Litografia, S.A. de C.V., 1998. Joint Advisory

  14. AIDS by mother-to-child transmission: survival analysis of cases followed from 1983 to 2002 in different regions of Brazil AIDS por transmissão vertical: análise de sobrevivência dos casos acompanhados entre 1983 e 2002 nas diferentes regiões do Brasil

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    Luiza Harunari Matida

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Antiretroviral therapy contributes to decreasing morbidity and mortality, and ultimately to increasing survival. In Brazil, there are regional differences in HIV epidemiology regarding pregnant women and children with HIV/AIDS. This study evaluates survival time after AIDS diagnosis in 914 children infected by mother-to-child transmission, reported between 1983 and 1998 and followed until 2002, in Brazil's five regions. Time between birth and HIV diagnosis decreased over the years, mainly in the South and Southeast Regions. There was a significant improvement in survival; more than 75% of cases were still living four years after diagnosis in the 1997-1998 group. This Brazilian study demonstrates that even with regional inequalities in health care infrastructure it is possible for a developing country to establish an effective system of universal and free access to antiretroviral therapy that produces a significant increase in survival for children with AIDS.A terapia anti-retroviral contribui para a diminuição da morbidade e da mortalidade, com conseqüente aumento da sobrevida. No Brasil, há diferenças regionais relativas à dinâmica da epidemia do HIV e ao seu enfrentamento no grupo das gestantes e das crianças com HIV/AIDS. Este estudo verifica o tempo de sobrevida após o diagnóstico de AIDS em 914 crianças infectadas por transmissão vertical, entre os anos de 1983 e 1998, e acompanhadas até 2002, nas cinco regiões brasileiras. O tempo do nascimento ao diagnóstico de infecção pelo HIV, ao longo dos anos, apresenta uma diminuição, principalmente nos estados das regiões Sul e Sudeste. Houve melhora significativa da sobrevivência, mais de 75% dos casos ainda estavam vivendo quatro anos após o diagnóstico, no grupo de 1997 e 1998. Esta análise brasileira mostra ser possível para um país em desenvolvimento estabelecer um sistema efetivo de acesso gratuito e universal à terapia anti-retroviral, mesmo com dificuldades

  15. Climate dynamics along the arid northern coast of Chile: The 1997-1998 Dinámica del Clima de la Región de Antofagasta (DICLIMA) experiment

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rutllant, José A.; Fuenzalida, Humberto; Aceituno, Patricio

    2003-09-01

    The DICLIMA field experiment was designed to test and quantify the hypothesis of an afternoon enhancement of the coastal subsidence in the extremely arid northern Chile because of solar heating over the west slope of the Andes. Ten-day campaigns near Antofagasta (23°S) were carried out in January 1997, July 1997, and January 1998. Significant diurnal cycles in temperature, mixing ratio, and wind from about 1000 to 4000 m above sea level were observed. This layer was decoupled from the marine boundary layer circulation below by the subsidence inversion when its base was under the average height of the coastal mountain range. The solar heating cycle over the Andes and associated circulation resulted in a mean afternoon zonal divergence above the subsidence inversion base of about 30 × 10-6 s-1, exceeding by a factor of 5 typical subtropical west coast divergences. The corresponding early morning convergence was particularly intense during the austral winter experiment. In spite of the very strong El Niño conditions that prevailed during the July 1997 and January 1998 experiments, the overwhelming control that radiation exerts on the daily cycles of the atmospheric circulation over the west slope of the Andes seems to guarantee the general validity of the results.

  16. Energy Balance of the Sao Paulo State -1998 Base year 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    This energy balance of the Sao Paulo State presents the following main topics that can be outstanding: panorama of the energy matrix; supply and demand of energy by source 1983-1997; energy consumption by sector 1983/1997; economic aspects; resources and reserves energy; and balance of the transformation centers 1983/1997

  17. Saúde bucal em Diadema: da odontologia escolar à estratégia saúde da família Oral health in Diadema, Brazil: from schoolchildren dentistry to family health strategy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bernadete Aparecida Tavares Cunha

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Embora a política de saúde bucal no Município de Diadema, SP, no período de 1972 a 2007, objeto deste artigo, tenha acompanhado o processo de transformação das práticas do setor no Brasil, sua evolução nesta cidade industrial na Região Metropolitana da Grande São Paulo foi marcada pela singularidade do processo histórico local. Neste artigo analisa-se essa evolução, relacionando-a com o processo de lutas sociais que levou à criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS e com as políticas nacionais, estaduais e municipais de saúde bucal. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo do tipo exploratório. Os dados foram obtidos em documentos oficiais e fontes bibliográficas variadas e por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com prefeitos, secretários municipais de saúde, coordenadores de saúde bucal e cirurgiões dentistas que vivenciaram as diversas fases das políticas de saúde bucal no município. Identificam-se as características mais marcantes na organização das práticas assistenciais em saúde desenvolvidas na cidade, localizando-as no cenário estadual e nacional. Conclui-se que, não obstante a consolidação da inserção da saúde bucal no SUS e a experiência adquirida no Município com a gestão dessa modalidade assistencial, também em Diadema observam-se dificuldades para superar o modelo de atenção focado nos grupos populacionais tradicionalmente priorizados, com destaque para escolares, pré-escolares e bebês. Nesse sentido, Diadema compartilha com os demais municípios brasileiros o desafio de reestruturar a atenção básica em saúde bucal, superar o tradicional modelo da odontologia escolar e criar novas possibilidades, como a abordagem familiar, com a finalidade de assegurar a universalidade e a integralidade da atenção.Although oral health policy in the city of Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil, from 1972 to 2007, the subject of this article, has accompanied the process of transformation of the sector's practices

  18. Maine Migrant Program: 1997-1998 Program Evaluation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bazinet, Suzanne C., Ed.

    The Maine Department of Education contracts with local educational agencies to administer the Maine Migrant Education Program. The program's overall mission is to provide the support necessary for migrant children to achieve Maine's academic standards. In 1997-98, 73 local migrant programs served 9,838 students, and 63 summer programs served 1,769…

  19. Sensibilidade a antimicrobianos de bactérias isoladas do trato respiratório de pacientes com infecções respiratórias adquiridas na comunidade: resultados brasileiros do Programa SENTRY de Vigilância de Resistência a Antimicrobianos dos anos de 1997 e 1998 Susceptibility to respiratory tract isolated bacteria to antimicrobial agents in patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections: 1997 and 1998 Brazilian data of the SENTRY surveillance program of resistance to antimicrobial agents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    HÉLIO S. SADER

    2001-01-01

    surveillance network of sentinel laboratories. Three sites in Brazil participated in the 1997 and 1998 SENTRY Program. Methods: A total of 344 bacterial isolates, collected from patients with CARTI in 1997 and 1998, were tested against more than 20 antimicrobial agents by the broth microdilution method. Results: Among S. pneumoniae (176 isolates, 71.6% were susceptible to penicillin. High level resistance to penicillin and resistance to cefotaxime was found in 2.3 and 4.0%, respectively. The newer quinolones, levofloxacin, (MIC90 of 2 mug/mL and gatifloxacin (MIC90 of 0.5 mug/mL were active against 100% of the isolates tested. Among the other non-beta-lactam drugs tested, the rank order of pneumococci activity was (% susceptible: chloramphenicol (97.5% > clindamycin (94.0% > azithromycin (90.3% > clarithromycin (89.4% > tetracycline (76.4% > trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (60.2%. The percentage of Haemophilus influenzae (101 isolates susceptible to amoxicillin was 90.1%, whereas among Moraxella catarrhalis (67 isolates only 9.0% were susceptible. Clavulanic acid restored the activity of amoxicillin against both H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. However, H. influenzae showed increased levels of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfametoxazole (55.1% susceptibility, clarithromycin (80.4% susceptibility, and cefaclor (88.2% susceptibility. All H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin (MIC90, < 0.5 mug/mL for both and gatifloxacin (MIC90, < 0.06 mug/mL for both with very low MICs. Conclusion: Results indicate that the rate of S. pneumoniae showing high-level penicillin resistance is still low in Brazil. However, intermediate resistance to penicillin associated with resistance to other classes of antimicrobial agents was relatively high. On the other hand, the new quinolones were highly active against 100% of the respiratory pathogens tested.

  20. Rotavirus in Ireland: national estimates of disease burden, 1997 to 1998.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Lynch, M

    2012-02-03

    BACKGROUND: We estimated the disease burden caused by rotavirus hospitalizations in the Republic of Ireland by using national data on the number of hospitalizations for diarrhea in children and laboratory surveillance of confirmed rotavirus detections. METHODS: We examined trends in diarrheal hospitalizations among children <5 years old as coded by ICD-9-CM for the period January, 1997, to December, 1998. We collated data on laboratory-confirmed rotavirus detections nationally for the same period among children <2 years old. We calculated the overall contribution of rotavirus to laboratory-confirmed intestinal disease in children <5 years old from INFOSCAN, a disease bulletin for one-third of the population. We compared data from all sources and estimated the proportion of diarrheal hospitalizations that are likely the result of rotavirus in children <5 years old. RESULTS: In children <5 years old, 9% of all hospitalizations are for diarrheal illness. In this age group 1 in 8 are hospitalized for a diarrheal illness, and 1 in 17 are hospitalized for rotavirus by 5 years of age. In hospitalized children <2 years old, 1 in 38 have a laboratory confirmed rotavirus infection. CONCLUSIONS: The disease burden of rotavirus hospitalizations is higher than in other industrialized countries. Access to comprehensive national databases may have contributed to the high hospitalization rates, as well as a greater tendency to hospitalize children with diarrhea in Ireland.

  1. Bartonella and Coxiella infective endocarditis in Brazil: molecular evidence from excised valves from a cardiac surgery referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1998 to 2009.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lamas, Cristiane da Cruz; Ramos, Rosana Grandelle; Lopes, Gabriel Quintino; Santos, Marisa Silva; Golebiovski, Wilma Felix; Weksler, Clara; Ferraiuoli, Giovanna Ianini D'Almeida; Fournier, Pierre-Edouard; Lepidi, Hubert; Raoult, Didier

    2013-01-01

    PCR was used to detect Coxiella burnetii and Bartonella spp in heart valves obtained during the period 1998-2009 from patients operated on for blood culture-negative endocarditis in a cardiac surgery hospital in Brazil. Of the 51 valves tested, 10 were PCR-positive; two were positive for Bartonella and one for C. burnetii. Copyright © 2012 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Surface and bulk 4f-photoemission spectra of CeIn3 and CeSn3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, H.; Tjernberg, O.; Chiaia, G.; Kumigashira, H.; Takahashi, T.; Duo, L.; Sakai, O.; Kasaya, M.; Lindau, I.

    1997-01-01

    Resonant photoemission spectroscopy was performed on CeIn 3 and CeSn 3 at the 4d-4f and 3d-4f core thresholds. Using the different surface sensitivity between the two photon energies, surface and bulk 4f-photoemission spectra were derived for both compounds. With the noncrossing approximation of the Anderson impurity model, the 4d-4f resonant spectra together with the surface and bulk spectra were self-consistently analyzed to obtain the microscopic parameters such as the 4f-electron energy and the hybridization strength with conduction electrons. The result shows a substantial difference in these parameters between the surface and the bulk, indicating that it is important to take into account the surface effect in analyzing photoemission spectra of Ce compounds. It is also found that the 4f surface core-level shift is different between CeIn 3 and CeSn 3 . copyright 1997 The American Physical Society

  3. Energy balances 1997 and 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1999-01-01

    The energy balances of the Danish Statistical Office are the designation of the goods balances, which are tabulated for each energy article in both physical entities (quantities) and in base rates (values). The balance concept is connected to the definition supply = use, which is the basis for the construction of the system. The supply is determined as the sum of two items: import and production while the total use is the sum of 138 items: export, waste and transmission loss, stock increase, input in lack of the 130 industries, and private consumption divided into 5 consumption groups. The statistical analysis is performed yearly in both quantities and values for 35 energy articles. Values are computed for base rates, profits, taxes, VAT and market prices (buyer's price), respectively. The energy balances from 1975 to 1998 are presented for comparison. (EHS)

  4. Use of Thermal Data to Estimate Infiltration in Pagany Wash Associated with the winter of 1997-1998 El Nino Precipitation, Yucca Mountain, Nevada

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    LeCain, G.D.; Lu, N.; Kurzmack, M.

    2000-01-01

    Temperature and air-pressure monitoring in a vertical borehole located in Pagany Wash, a normally dry stream-carved channel northeast of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, indicated that the annual temperature wave was measurable to a depth of 11.1 m. Temperature depressions were measured at depths of 3.1, 6.1, 9.2, and 11.1 m below ground surface. The temperature depressions were interpreted to be the result of infiltration associated with the 1997-1998 El Nino precipitation. A pressure differential, of approximately 2 kiloPascals, between stations located 11.1 and 24.5 m below ground surface was interpreted to be the result of compressed air ahead of the wetting front. The pressure differences between stations indicated that the wetting front migrated deeper than 35.2 m and that the Yucca Mountain Tuff retarded the downward movement of the wetting front. An analytical method indicated that the infiltration flux through the Pagany Wash alluvium due to the 1997-1998 El Nino precipitation was approximately 940 mm. A one-dimensional numerical model indicated that the infiltration flux was approximately 1000 mm. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the potential temperature decrease due to conduction was minimal and that cooler surface temperatures could not account for the measured subsurface temperature depressions

  5. Cycling in São Paulo, Brazil (1997–2012: Correlates, time trends and health consequences

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thiago Hérick Sá

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of the study was to describe cyclists and cycling trips, and to explore correlates, time trends and health consequences of cycling in São Paulo, Brazil from 1997 to 2012. Cross-sectional analysis using repeated São Paulo Household Travel Surveys (HTS. At all time periods cycling was a minority travel mode in São Paulo (1174 people with cycling trips out of 214,719 people. Poisson regressions for individual correlates were estimated using the entire 2012 HTS sample. Men were six times more likely to cycle than women. We found rates of bicycle use rising over time among the richest quartile but total cycling rates dropped from 1997 to 2012 due to decreasing rates among the poor. Harms from air pollution would negate benefits from physical activity through cycling only at 1997 air pollution levels and at very high cycling levels (≥9 h of cycling per day. Exposure-based road injury risk decreased between 2007 and 2012, from 0.76 to 0.56 cyclist deaths per 1000 person-hours travelled. Policies to reduce spatial segregation, measures to tackle air pollution, improvements in dedicated cycling infrastructure, and integrating the bicycle with the public transport system in neighborhoods of all income levels could make cycling safer and prevent more individuals from abandoning the cycling mode in São Paulo.

  6. [The contributions of the Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública for nursing professional formation in Brazil (1942-1960)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Renovato, Rogério Dias; Bagnato, Maria Helena Salgado

    2008-01-01

    The aim of this study was to know and comprehend the strategies of the Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública (SESP) to expand associate and higher nursing education in Brazil, between 1942 to 1960. We use as historical sources Revista do SESP and Boletim do SESP published since 1944. The performance of SESP close to processes of human resources formation in nursing was it characterized by the use of several strategies as the concession of fellowships or financial and technical support for the implantation of nursing schools in Brazil. Like this, the actions of SESP converged for the ascension of a new way of nursing, not just in the rural zone, as well as, the hospital nursing.

  7. Nobel Prize in Chemistry-1997

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education; Volume 3; Issue 2. Nobel Prize in Chemistry – 1997 The Story of Two Extra-ordinary Enzymes. Subramania Ranganathan. General Article Volume 3 Issue 2 February 1998 pp 45-52 ...

  8. Morbidade referida e seus condicionantes em crianças de 5 a 9 anos em Sobral, CE, Brasil Reported morbidity and its conditionings in children 5 to 9 years old in Sobral, CE, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivana Cristina de Holanda Cunha Barreto

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a morbidade referida em crianças de 5 a 9 anos e analisar seus possíveis condicionantes. METODOLOGIA: Corte de base populacional com amostra aleatória e representativa em crianças de 5 a 9 anos da zona urbana de Sobral - CE, Brasil. Entrevistas domiciliares com 3.276 crianças e exame clínico em 2.594. A morbidade referida foi classificada segundo a CID-10. O desfecho analisado foi morbidade referida nos últimos 15 dias, utilizando Stata 7.0. RESULTADOS: 43,9% das crianças apresentaram morbidade referida: Doenças do Aparelho Respiratório (DAR, 28,7%; doenças da pele, 3,4%; doenças infecciosas, 2,2%. Daquelas que adoeceram, 41,5% procuraram atendimento. Dessas, 77,4% em Unidades de Saúde Familiar. Apresentaram maiores chances de DAR as crianças com as seguintes características: residir no núcleo urbano principal do município, ter antecedente de desnutrição e frequentar escola, com um valor de ODDS Ratio, respectivamente de 1,48 (IC95%1,10-1,99, 1,30 (IC95%1,05-1,60 e 1,54 (IC95%1,02-2,32. DISCUSSÃO: Chamou a atenção a elevada prevalência de DAR em crianças do núcleo urbano principal, cerca de duas vezes maior que a observada em outros estudos de metodologia similar, levantando hipóteses de sobrerelato ou poluição ambiental. A maioria das crianças apresentou problemas de saúde de menor gravidade e teve acesso facilitado aos serviços de saúde, principalmente ao PSF. CONCLUSÕES: Serão necessários novos estudos para identificar possíveis causas da elevada prevalência de DAR em crianças do núcleo urbano principal do município. As ocasiões em que as crianças demandam os serviços de saúde da família por doenças de baixa gravidade podem ser aproveitadas para medidas de prevenção e promoção da saúde.INTRODUCTION: This study was based on a random sample of 3,276 children aged between 5 and 9 years from the urban region of Sobral - CE, Brazil. OBJECTIVE: The main goal was to describe

  9. Monitoring of the coastal waters of Niedersachsen - routine tests 1998; Ueberwachung der niedersaechsischen Kuestengewaesser - Routineuntersuchungen 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-11-01

    Since 1994, the Niedersaechsisches Landesamt fuer Oekologie - Forschungsstelle Kueste (NLOe-FSK) has been carrying out physical-chemical and biological experiments for monitoring the coastal waters of Niedersachsen according to a concept agreed with the Niedersachsen Minister of the Environment. Owing to a lack of funds, only the first stage is being implemented at the moment (Forschungsstelle Kueste 1995a). The findings for 1994 - 1997 have been published in several reports. This is the 1998 report. [German] Seit 1994 werden vom Niedersaechsischen Landesamt fuer Oekologie - Forschungsstelle Kueste - (NLOe-FSK) physikalisch-chemische und biologische Untersuchungen zur Ueberwachung der niedersaechsischen Kuestengewaesser nach einem mit dem Niedersaechsischen Umweltministerium abgestimmten Konzept durchgefuehrt. Das Konzept enthaelt unterschiedlich umfangreiche Ueberwachungsvarianten, von denen aufgrund der geringen verfuegbaren Ressourcen derzeit ddie Ausbaustufe I, das sogenannte 'reduzierte Rumpfprogramm', verwirklicht wird (Forschungsstelle Kueste 1995a). Die in den Jahren 1994-1997 ermittelten Untersuchungsergebnisse sind in mehreren Berichten wiedergegeben (Forschungsstelle Kueste 1995b, c; 1996, 1998, 1999). Die Befunde der 'Routineuntersuchungen' des Jahres 1998 werden in dem vorliegenden Berichtsheft vorgestellt. (orig.)

  10. Annual Report - Furnas Centrais Eletricas S.A. - 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The annual report of 1998 of Furnas Centrais Eletricas S A - Brazilian electric power generation and transmission company - introduces the following main topics: Furnas system; production and supply; economic and financial data; personnel; transmission system in operation; electricity market; market, planning and construction; and generation expansion

  11. Energies and raw materials, economic energy situation april 1998; Energies et matieres premieres, conjoncture energetique avril 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-07-01

    Here is the economic energy situation in France in April 1998. The energy consumption, the evolution of the different energy sources are given. The energy invoice is decreasing with the fall of petroleum price. The imports and energy demand are studied. Energy data are given in tables, comparison between the months of January in the three years 1996, 1997,1998 for consumption, invoices, prices are reported in curves. (N.C.)

  12. Salmonellosis in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 1997 to 1999

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Costalunga Suzana

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Salmonella spp. was the major cause of reported foodborne diseases in the last years in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, South of Brazil. Epidemiological data on salmonellosis, occurred in the period of 1997 to 1999 and supplied by the Division of Sanitary Surveillance (DVS/RS, were analysed according to the following factors: total number of confirmed outbreaks, number of people involved, outbreaks incidence according to the period of the year, age and sex of involved people, food vehicle, food storage conditions, local where the disease occurred, and possible causes of the outbreaks. The results indicated that 8217 people were involved, and 1557 had to be hospitalized. The highest number of outbreaks occurred during springtime and the principal age group affected was between 16 and 50 years. The most common food vehicle was salad prepared with homemade mayonnaise (42.45%. The principal causes of salmonellosis were raw-materials not submitted to regulatory inspection (22.92%, mainly eggs, and foods maintained at room temperature for more than 2 hours (20.55%. The majority of the outbreaks occurred in private homes (43.70% and commercial food establishments (25.21%.

  13. Wavelet analysis of interannual LOD, AAM, and ENSO: 1997-98 El Niño and 1998-99 La Niña signals

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Y. H.; Zheng, D. W.; Liao, X. H.

    2001-05-01

    On the basis of the data series of the length of day (LOD), the atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) for January 1970-June 1999, the relationship among Interannual LOD, AAM, and the EL Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is analyzed by the wavelet transform method. The results suggest that they have similar time-varying spectral structures. The signals of 1997-98 El Niño and 1998-99 La Niña events can be detected from the LOD or AAM data.

  14. Qualidade da atenção ao pré-natal na Estratégia Saúde da Família em Sobral, Ceará Calidad de la atención en el pre-natal en la Estrategia Salud de Familia en Sobral, CE, Brasil Quality of pre-natal care in Family Health Strategy in Sobral, CE, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Rosemiro Guimarães Ximenes Neto

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Diante das políticas públicas que envolvem a qualidade da atenção ao pré-natal, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da atenção ao pré-natal nos territórios da Estratégia Saúde da Família, do município de Sobral, à luz do referencial teórico de Avedis Donabedian. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter descritivo-exploratório, desenvolvido em Centros de Saúde da Família de Sobral, Ceará. Dos quatorze Centros de Saúde investigados, quatro se mostraram com indicadores adequados para o pré-natal. Porém, ainda que existam inadequações na estrutura física, não existem impedimentos para que se ofereça um atendimento de qualidade haja vista que o processo e os resultados também interferem na qualidade da assistência.Frente a las políticas públicas que impliquen la calidad de la atención a la salud prenatal, el estudio tiene como objetivo: evaluar la calidad de la atención prenatal a los territorios en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia de la ciudad de Sobral, a la luz del referencial teórico de AVEDIS Donabedian. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio de carácter descriptivo, desarrollado por los Centros de Salud Familiar de Sobral - Ceará. De los catorce Centros de Salud investigaron, cuatro fueron con los indicadores apropiados para la atención prenatal. Pero a pesar de que hay deficiencias en la estructura física, no hay impedimentos a fin de proporcionar una calidad de la atención hay una opinión de que el proceso y los resultados también interferir con la calidad de la atención.Face to public policies involving the quality of care for prenatal, the study aims to: assess the quality of prenatal care to the territories in the Family Health Strategy of the city of Sobral in the light of theoretical reference of Avedis Donabedian. This is a descriptive- exploratory study, developed by Family Health Units of Sobral, CE, Brazil. Of the fourteen Centers Health investigated, four were with appropriate

  15. Evolução de homicídios por área geográfica em Pernambuco entre 1980 e 1998 Homicide progression per geographical area in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, 1980-1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Luiza C de Lima

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar magnitude e evolução temporal de homicídios na população masculina, segundo divisão geopolítica. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo do tipo ecológico, no qual se efetuou uma análise de série temporal utilizando-se as técnicas de média móvel e análise de regressão. Foi estudada a população masculina de 15 a 49 anos de idade, residente no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. A fonte de dados utilizada para os óbitos foi o Sistema de Informação em Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde. Para a população, foram usados os dados dos censos de 1980, 1991 e a contagem populacional de 1996 da Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Para os anos intercensitários, as populações foram estimadas por interpolação e, para os anos de 1997 e 1998, por projeção, usando-se o método geométrico. RESULTADOS: Na década de 1980, houve crescimento mais elevado (390% nas taxas de homicídios em Recife, capital do estado de Pernambuco. Na década de 90, o maior crescimento ocorreu na região metropolitana (68,5%, sugerindo disseminação da violência da capital em direção aos demais municípios da grande Recife. A tendência das taxas de homicídios apresentou comportamento de crescimento linear no interior do estado. Já na capital e região metropolitana, esse comportamento caracterizou-se por um crescimento exponencial. O percentual de homicídios por arma de fogo a partir de 1984 apresentou-se acima de 50% nas três áreas estudadas. CONCLUSÕES: A evolução dos homicídios nas três áreas estudadas revela um crescimento diferenciado e ressalta que embora seja o mesmo fenômeno -- homicídio masculino --, as dinâmicas geradoras desse processo possuem especificidades entre esses espaços mais urbanos e o interior que devem ser levadas em consideração no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas regionalizadas de assistência às vítimas e de prevenção desses eventos.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the magnitude

  16. Securing Tyrants or Fostering Reform? U.S. Internal Security Assistance to Repressive and Transitioning Regimes

    Science.gov (United States)

    2006-01-01

    los Derechos Humanos , “Informe de Labores, Junio 1997–Mayo 1998,” San Salvador, 1998, pp. 230–238. Also see Call, “Democratisation, War and State...countries in the region: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Haiti, Mexico, and Panama. Based on 57 Procuraduría para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos , pp. 230–238...www.state.gov/p/sa/rls/rm/26277.htm. Procuraduría para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos , “Informe de Labores, Junio 1997–Mayo 1998,” San Salvador, 1998

  17. Database Description - tRNADB-CE | LSDB Archive [Life Science Database Archive metadata

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available switchLanguage; BLAST Search Image Search Home About Archive Update History Data List Contact us tRNAD...B-CE Database Description General information of database Database name tRNADB-CE Alter...CC BY-SA Detail Background and funding Name: MEXT Integrated Database Project Reference(s) Article title: tRNAD... 2009 Jan;37(Database issue):D163-8. External Links: Article title: tRNADB-CE 2011: tRNA gene database curat...n Download License Update History of This Database Site Policy | Contact Us Database Description - tRNADB-CE | LSDB Archive ...

  18. INIS Status Report 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-07-01

    The total number of records announced in Atomindex volume 29 (1998) was 67,973. A total of 82 Members sent input for volume 29 (1998) and 88 for volume 28 (1997). The INIS Secretariat carried out a comprehensive effort to encourage Liaison Officers to participate more actively in database creation. INIS Liaison Officers of 11 countries were contacted in April to remind them that they did not send any or very few records since the beginning of 1998. As a result of this activity, 3 countries have sent input, one for the first time since joining INIS in 1993. Also in April, the Missions of 6 Member States that have not sent input for several years have been contacted and, as a result, one country has contributed for the first time in 1998. In 1998 (volume 29), INIS received 21,479 cited references of non-conventional literature. The full text 15,153 of these were available from INIS and found on 36 CD-ROMs and microfiche (6673 microfiche titles and 9238 microfiche.

  19. INIS Status Report 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    The total number of records announced in Atomindex volume 29 (1998) was 67,973. A total of 82 Members sent input for volume 29 (1998) and 88 for volume 28 (1997). The INIS Secretariat carried out a comprehensive effort to encourage Liaison Officers to participate more actively in database creation. INIS Liaison Officers of 11 countries were contacted in April to remind them that they did not send any or very few records since the beginning of 1998. As a result of this activity, 3 countries have sent input, one for the first time since joining INIS in 1993. Also in April, the Missions of 6 Member States that have not sent input for several years have been contacted and, as a result, one country has contributed for the first time in 1998. In 1998 (volume 29), INIS received 21,479 cited references of non-conventional literature. The full text 15,153 of these were available from INIS and found on 36 CD-ROMs and microfiche (6673 microfiche titles and 9238 microfiche

  20. OIL EXPLOITATION REGULATIONAL FRAMEWORK AND EFFECTS IN THE SECTOR AND ITS RELATION TO THE WHOLE ECONOMY: THE CASE OF BRAZIL’S 1997 CHANGE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Emmanuel Santana Borges

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available The world lives a context of energetic pre-crisis, and Brazil has discovered new big reserves of the “black gold”, which led to changing the regulation framework of its exploitation in the country. This paper focuses on the last change in that framework, in 1997, and tries to evaluate its effects in the production and its links to the rest of Brazilian economy. Using data derived from the I-O matrix in the supply side, and Balance of Payments data, we try to see if there were meaningful changes in the period 1998-2007 from the period 1990-1997 in terms of the oil sector linkage to the rest of the economy, technological modernization, its relation to employment and average earnings , and its impacts in the external insertion of the country (exports and dividends balance.

  1. Environmental management compliance reengineering project, FY 1997 report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    VanVliet, J.A.; Davis, J.N.

    1997-09-01

    Through an integrated reengineering effort, the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) is successfully implementing process improvements that will permit safe and compliant operations to continue during the next 5 years, even though $80 million was removed from the Environmental Management (EM) program budget. A 2-year analysis, design, and implementation project will reengineer compliance-related activities and reduce operating costs by approximately $17 million per year from Fiscal Year (FY) 1998 through 2002, while continuing to meet the INEEL''s environment, safety, and health requirements and milestone commitments. Compliance reengineer''s focus is improving processes, not avoiding full compliance with environmental, safety, and health laws. In FY 1997, compliance reengineering used a three-phase approach to analyze, design, and implement the changes that would decrease operating costs. Implementation for seven specific improvement projects was completed in FY 1997, while five projects will complete implementation in FY 1998. During FY 1998, the three-phase process will be repeated to continue reengineering the INEEL

  2. Environmental management compliance reengineering project, FY 1997 report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    VanVliet, J.A.; Davis, J.N.

    1997-09-01

    Through an integrated reengineering effort, the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) is successfully implementing process improvements that will permit safe and compliant operations to continue during the next 5 years, even though $80 million was removed from the Environmental Management (EM) program budget. A 2-year analysis, design, and implementation project will reengineer compliance-related activities and reduce operating costs by approximately $17 million per year from Fiscal Year (FY) 1998 through 2002, while continuing to meet the INEEL`s environment, safety, and health requirements and milestone commitments. Compliance reengineer`s focus is improving processes, not avoiding full compliance with environmental, safety, and health laws. In FY 1997, compliance reengineering used a three-phase approach to analyze, design, and implement the changes that would decrease operating costs. Implementation for seven specific improvement projects was completed in FY 1997, while five projects will complete implementation in FY 1998. During FY 1998, the three-phase process will be repeated to continue reengineering the INEEL.

  3. Federal Facility Agreement Annual Progress Report for FY 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Palmer, E.

    1999-08-04

    This FFA Annual Progress Report has been developed to summarize the information for activities performed during the Fiscal Year 1998 (October 1, 1997, to September 30, 1998) and activities planned for Fiscal Year 1999 by U.S. EPA, SCDHEC, and SRS at those units and areas identified for remediation in the Agreement.

  4. Analytical Chemistry Laboratory progress report for FY 1998.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Boparai, A. S.; Bowers, D. L.; Graczyk, D. G.; Green, D. W.; Lindahl, P. C.

    1999-03-29

    This report summarizes the activities of the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (ACL) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for Fiscal Year (FY) 1998 (October 1997 through September 1998). This annual progress report, which is the fifteenth in this series for the ACL, describes effort on continuing projects, work on new projects, and contributions of the ACL staff to various programs at ANL.

  5. Analytical Chemistry Laboratory progress report for FY 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boparai, A. S.; Bowers, D. L.; Graczyk, D. G.; Green, D. W.; Lindahl, P. C.

    1999-01-01

    This report summarizes the activities of the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (ACL) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for Fiscal Year (FY) 1998 (October 1997 through September 1998). This annual progress report, which is the fifteenth in this series for the ACL, describes effort on continuing projects, work on new projects, and contributions of the ACL staff to various programs at ANL

  6. Mechanisms of the intensification of the upwelling-favorable winds during El Niño 1997-1998 in the Peruvian upwelling system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chamorro, Adolfo; Echevin, Vincent; Colas, François; Oerder, Vera; Tam, Jorge; Quispe-Ccalluari, Carlos

    2018-01-01

    The physical processes driving the wind intensification in a coastal band of 100 km off Peru during the intense 1997-1998 El Niño (EN) event were studied using a regional atmospheric model. A simulation performed for the period 1994-2000 reproduced the coastal wind response to local sea surface temperature (SST) forcing and large scale atmospheric conditions. The model, evaluated with satellite data, represented well the intensity, seasonal and interannual variability of alongshore (i.e. NW-SE) winds. An alongshore momentum budget showed that the pressure gradient was the dominant force driving the surface wind acceleration. The pressure gradient tended to accelerate the coastal wind, while turbulent vertical mixing decelerated it. A quasi-linear relation between surface wind and pressure gradient anomalies was found. Alongshore pressure gradient anomalies were caused by a greater increase in near-surface air temperature off the northern coast than off the southern coast, associated with the inhomogeneous SST warming. Vertical profiles of wind, mixing coefficient, and momentum trends showed that the surface wind intensification was not caused by the increase of turbulence in the planetary boundary layer. Moreover, the temperature inversion in the vertical mitigated the development of pressure gradient due to air convection during part of the event. Sensitivity experiments allowed to isolate the respective impacts of the local SST forcing and large scale condition on the coastal wind intensification. It was primarily driven by the local SST forcing whereas large scale variability associated with the South Pacific Anticyclone modulated its effects. Examination of other EN events using reanalysis data confirmed that intensifications of alongshore wind off Peru were associated with SST alongshore gradient anomalies, as during the 1997-1998 event.

  7. Preceptoria de território, novas práticas e saberes na estratégia de educação permanente em saúde da família: o estudo do caso de Sobral, CE Preceptorship of territory, new practices and knowledge in the strategy of continuing education in family health strategy: the case study of Sobral, Ceara, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosani Pagani

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho pretende apresentar um novo ator no Sistema Único de Saúde - o preceptor de território - bem como discutir sua atuação. Com a implantação da Estratégia Saúde da Família, bastante se tem discutido sobre o desafio de formar profissionais para atuarem neste modelo através de educação permanente em saúde. Nesse processo, o município de Sobral, CE, criou em 1999 a residência multiprofissional e a preceptoria de território; em 2001, a Escola de Formação em Saúde da Família Visconde de Sabóia. Este estudo teve como objetivos analisar a implantação e a atuação da preceptoria de território, descrevendo o processo de trabalho dos preceptores e identificando suas competências; além disso, descreveu-se o processo de educação permanente desenvolvido na Estratégia de Saúde da Família em Sobral. Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso, com os seguintes instrumentos: entrevistas, questionários e grupo focal. Para a organização os dados foram analisados através da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC. Entre os achados do estudo, identifica-se o preceptor de território como um profissional que atua diretamente com os residentes nos territórios das equipes da estratégia de saúde da família, destacando-se por suas amplas competências. Entre estas, podem ser mencionados conhecimentos conceituais nos campos da saúde coletiva e das relações humanas, bem como conhecimento e desenvoltura na utilização de métodos de ensino (problematização, educação permanente em saúde e educação popular. Deve também ser capaz de desenvolver relações harmônicas e de participação. O debate vem auxiliando o preceptor de território de Sobral a estabelecer seu papel e consolidar sua função de educador na construção do SUS.This paper aims to present a new actor in the Health's Unique System of Brazil (SUS, the preceptor of territory, and discuss his performance. The

  8. Applied nuclear physics group - activities report. 1977-1997; Grupo de fisica nuclear aplicada - relatorio de atividades. 1977-1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Appoloni, Carlos Roberto

    1998-06-01

    This report presents the activities conducted by the Applied Nuclear Physics group of the Londrina State University - Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory - Brazil, from the activities beginning (1977) up to the end of the year 1997.

  9. Controle social e gestão participativa em saúde pública em unidades de saúde do município de Campo Grande, MS, 1994-2002 Social control and participatory management in public health at healthcare units in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, 1994-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Milca Lopes de Oliveira

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available A participação social no Brasil evoluiu de movimento operário e de sindicatos, culminando na institucionalização através de Conselhos. Na área da saúde, foi legalizada pela Lei 8142/90. O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer a prática do controle social exercida em Conselhos de Unidades e sua influência nas políticas de saúde do município de Campo Grande, MS. Foram feitos cinco estudos de caso, tendo como fonte principal as atas de reuniões e como referencial de análise um documento do Ilpes/Claps (1975. Os Conselhos organizam-se em plenário, com coordenador, secretário, composição hoje paritária, representatividade reduzida e periodicidade mensal. O processo decisório contempla principalmente elementos técnico-administrativos e técnico-operacionais. No período 1998-2002, o controle social fortaleceu-se por encaminhamentos mais concretos, mas a capacidade de deliberação precisa ser fortalecida por uma capacitação que inclua elementos técnicos, políticos e administrativos, representatividade, fortalecimento da cidadania, divulgação intensa das atividades dos Conselhos, inclusive na mídia, maior mobilização social e articulação entre os vários Conselhos e instâncias municipais que fazem interface com o setor de saúde.Social participation in Brazil has evolved from workers' and union movements into a legitimate process conducted through Social Councils. In the Public Health field this practice was recognized by Law 8142/90. This study aims to analyze the practice of Social Control by Healthcare Unit Councils and its influence on health policies of the municipality of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Five case studies were conducted, with minutes of meetings as the main source of data and a document of ILPES/CLAPS (1975 as reference for analysis. The councils are organized as boards with one coordinator and one secretary. Additional features include parity in composition, fragile representation, and

  10. A tendência cambiante da relação entre escolaridade e risco de obesidade no Brasil (1975-1997 The changing relationship between education and risk of obesity in Brazil (1975-1997

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Augusto Monteiro

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available A partir de três inquéritos comparáveis realizados no último quarto do século vinte nas duas mais populosas regiões brasileiras, evidenciou-se uma mudança substancial na tendência secular da obesidade segundo níveis de escolaridade da população. Enquanto no primeiro período (1975-1989, o risco de obesidade foi ascendente em todos os níveis de escolaridade, tendendo a ascensão a ser máxima para homens e mulheres com maior escolaridade; no segundo período (1989-1997, o aumento da obesidade foi máximo para indivíduos sem escolaridade, registrando-se estabilidade ou mesmo diminuição da enfermidade nos estratos femininos de média ou alta escolaridade. Como resultado da tendência recente, diminui a relação positiva entre escolaridade e risco de obesidade em homens e acentua-se a relação inversa que já vinha se observando na população feminina. As principais implicações dos achados deste estudo são apreciadas do ponto de vista da Saúde Pública.Based on three comparable surveys conducted in the last quarter of the 20th century in the most heavily populated areas of Brazil, a substantial change was observed in the secular trend towards obesity based on levels of schooling in the population. While during the first period (1975-1989 there was an increasing risk of obesity for all levels of schooling, with the greatest upward trend for men and women with more schooling, during the second period (1989-1997 the increase in obesity was the greatest for individuals with no schooling, along with a stabilization or even decrease in this condition among groups of females with medium or higher education. As a result of the upward trend, the positive relationship decreased between schooling and risk of obesity in men, and the inverse relationship already observed in the female population was further increased. The main potential implications of these findings are for public health.

  11. Asset Management Plan: 1998-2003.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jefferson County School District R-1, Denver, CO.

    The Jefferson County School District (Denver, Colorado) presents its final scheduling and funding source information for the 1998-2003 capital improvement program and the status of the 1992-1997 completed capital improvement project costs compared to the budget. Funding data are detailed for each of the district's 182 public schools, special use…

  12. Federal Facility Agreement Annual Progress Report for Fiscal Year 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Palmer, E.

    1999-01-01

    This FFA Annual Progress Report has been developed to summarize the information for activities performed during the Fiscal Year 1998 (October 1, 1997, to September 30, 1998) and activities planned for Fiscal Year 1999 by U.S. EPA, SCDHEC, and SRS at those units and areas identified for remediation in the Agreement

  13. O anacronismo dos modelos assistenciais para os idosos na área da saúde: desafios para o setor privado Anachronic health care models for the elderly: challenges for the private sector

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renato Veras

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available O Brasil envelhece rapidamente. A expectativa média de vida se amplia de tal forma que grande parte da população atual irá alcançar a velhice. Os grandes centros populacionais brasileiros, entretanto, ainda não dispõem de uma infra-estrutura de serviços que dê conta das demandas decorrentes das transformações demográficas vigentes. O propósito deste texto é o de verificar o padrão do acesso e utilização de saúde no grupo etário dos idosos, com particular ênfase no setor privado. Foram utilizadas as informações dos Suplementos de Saúde da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD de 1998 e 2003, realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE. As medidas de status sócio-demográfico incluíram sexo, idade, região de residência e renda familiar. Os microdados da PNAD, de 1998 e 2003, foram processados e analisados por meio do Banco Multidimensional Estatístico (BME/IBGE. Os dados da PNAD, apresentados no presente estudo, sobre as condições gerais de saúde da população idosa no Brasil, mostram que houve, entre o período de 1998 e 2003, uma melhoria das condições de saúde das pessoas de 60 anos ou mais.Brazil's population is aging rapidly. The average life expectancy is increasing such that a large proportion of the current population will reach old age. However, the large Brazilian cities still lack the kind of health services infrastructure needed to meet the demands resulting from present demographic changes. This article examines access to and utilization of health care among the elderly, with particular emphasis on the private sector, drawing on data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD, 1998 and 2003. Socio-demographic variables included gender, age, region of residence, and family income. According to the PNAD data presented in the current study, from 1998 to 2003, health conditions improved among Brazilians aged 60 years or older.

  14. TIARA annual report 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tanaka, Ryuichi; Saido, Masahiro; Nashiyama, Isamu

    1998-10-01

    This annual report describes research activities which have been performed with the JAERI TIARA (Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application) facilities from April 1, 1997 to March 31, 1998. Summary reports of 90 papers and brief descriptions on the status of TIARA in the period are contained. A list of publications, the type of research collaborations and organization of TIARA are also given as appendices. (author)

  15. Synthesis and luminescence of CePO4 and CePO4:Tb hollow and core-shell microspheres composed of single-crystal nanorods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guan Mingyun; Sun Jianhua; Han Min; Xu Zheng; Tao Feifei; Yin Gui; Wei Xianwen; Zhu Jianmin; Jiang Xiqun

    2007-01-01

    Lanthanide phosphate microspheres composed of single-crystal CePO 4 and CePO 4 :Tb nanorods were successfully synthesized, respectively, using the functionalized composite aggregate as a template, which is composed of P123, H 6 P 4 O 13 and Ce 3+ , and also as a resource of reaction species with high chemical potential. The shape and the phase structure of the CePO 4 nanocrystal can be easily controlled via adjusting reaction temperature, monomer concentration and annealing temperature. SEM images show the spherical superstructure composed of nanorods. HRTEM and SAED images reveal the single-crystalline nature of nanorod and TEM images show the hollow interiors of the superstructure. XRD patterns indicate that the crystal structure of the nanorods is hexagonal before and monoclinic after annealing. The formation mechanism was proposed. Strong UV and green luminescence were observed for the CePO 4 and CePO 4 :Tb microspheres, respectively. The synthesis method can be extended to the fabrication of NRHS and core-shell microspheres of other rare-earth or doped LnPO 4 materials for wide applications

  16. Resources guide and directory, 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    Work of the Alberta Chamber of Resources in 1997 were reviewed and plans for activities in 1998 were announced. Among 1997 activities, revision of the business plan for the University of Alberta School of Mining, the Forestry Surface Data Share Agreement, the study of the potential of Alberta's mineral industry, a successful Environmental Forum, work on community partnership between employers and educators that will help to bridge the gap between work and school, continuing investigation of transportation, marketing and technology issues related to oil sands, continuing research on the capture, purification, transportation and utilization of carbon dioxide, formation of the Oil Sands Lease Tenure Committee to provide effective evaluation of the current regulations regarding oil sands leases, and completion of study on bitumen mobility and markets, were highlighted. The 1998 Guide also contains profiles of several Chamber members, among them the Coal Association of Canada, Birch Mountain Resources Ltd., Apex Geoscience Ltd., and Purvin and Gertz Inc., a strategic consulting firm. A list of the current member companies, their CEOs, addresses and telephone numbers is also included

  17. Vertical Profiles of Latent Heat Release over the Global Tropics using TRMM rainfall products from December 1997 to November 2001

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tao, W.-K.; Lang, S.; Simpson, J.; Meneghini, R.; Halverson, J.; Johnson, R.; Adler, R.

    2002-01-01

    NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) derived rainfall information will be used to estimate the four-dimensional structure of global monthly latent heating and rainfall profiles over the global tropics from December 1997 to November 2001. Rainfall, latent heating and radar reflectivity structures between El Nino (DE 1997-98) and La Nina (DJF 1998-99) will be examined and compared. The seasonal variation of heating over various geographic locations (i.e., oceanic vs continental, Indian ocean vs. west Pacific, Africa vs. S. America) will also be analyzed. In addition, the relationship between rainfall, latent heating (maximum heating level), radar reflectivity and SST is examined and will be presented in the meeting. The impact of random error and bias in strtaiform percentage estimates from PR on latent heating profiles is studied and will also be presented in the meeting. The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model is being used to simulate various mesoscale convective systems that developed in different geographic locations. Specifically, the model estimated rainfall, radar reflectivity and latent heating profiles will be compared to observational data collected from TRMM field campaigns over the South China Sea in 1998 (SCSMEX), Brazil in 1999 (TRMM-LBA), and the central Pacific in 1999 (KWAJEX). Sounding diagnosed heating budgets and radar reflectivity from these experiments can provide the means to validate (heating product) as well as improve the GCE model.

  18. NuTEC annual report. April 1, 1997 - March 31, 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-11-01

    This annual report summarizes the educational works carried out at the Nuclear Technology and Education Center (NuTEC) of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute during the 1997 fiscal year. It covers all the educational courses provided at Tokyo and Tokai Education Centers and the activities of the International Technology Transfer Division, together with the R and D works for improving the educational programs, and related management works. During the 1997 fiscal year, Tokyo and Tokai Education Centers accomplished all the planned courses, both domestic and international. Total number of the trainees during the year was 1,411. The International Technology Transfer Division proceeded the preparation works of the international training courses, particularly the Asia-Pacific Nuclear Cooperation Program. In addition, various research and development efforts were made to establish new items in educational programs. (author)

  19. Quality certification - PETROBRAS differential. Exploration and Production - RN and CE States, Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Medeiros, Miguel A.C. de; Junior, Jose Ribamar C.

    2000-01-01

    This paper describes the PETROBRAS Exploration and Production -RN CE experience in implementation of Quality Systems based on ISO 9000 series standards applied on industrial gas and LPG production, oil treatment, power plants, petroleum equipment maintenance services, steam generation and distribution, reservoir studies and logistics. The ISO 9000 certification allowed several improvement in these processes. Besides the motivation of the teams, we can also see the results: heavy oil fields steam generation and distribution performance has increased from 70% to 90%; the production loss of NGL in the Natural Gas Processing Plant number 1, located in Guamare, decreased from an average of 50 m 3 /month to almost zero; the CTE - Power Plant of Alto do Rodrigues - had its performance increased in about 30 per cent between 1997 and 1999, increasing the power generation from 2,327 M wh/month to 3,017 M wh/month; and re-work level in Mossoro repair shop dropped from 4 per cent to 0,5 per cent. The paper also analyses the key factors for the success of the projects and how it made easy the job conduction for structuring and implementation of the systems, as: commitment of the upper management, resources from organization and well defined targets for the whole team. (author)

  20. Ship-source oil pollution fund : annual report 1997-1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The Ship-source Oil Pollution Fund (SOPF) receives reports of oil pollution caused by ships in Canadian waters. The reports come from a variety of sources, including individuals who wish to be advised whether they are entitled for consideration under the Canada Shipping Act as potential claimants as a result of oil pollution damage and expenses they have suffered. The SOPF fully investigates all such reports and inquiries. A summary of each investigation that fall within the SOPF purview is provided in this report. This recitation includes a number of references to incidents dating as far back as the 1970s, providing for each incident the name of the ship, a summary of the incident, the damage caused, and the claims received and paid out by the fund. The balance of the SOPF on March 31, 1998 was just over $268 million. As of April 1, 1998 the maximum liability of the SOPF is about $128 million for all claims in respect of any one oil spill. The amount of liability is indexed annually to the consumer price index. 1 fig., 1 tab

  1. Estudo ecológico sobre o desenvolvimento da saúde no Brasil Ecological study on the development of health in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Meimei Brevidelli

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Avaliar o nível de saúde das Unidades da Federação (UF do Brasil, por meio de um indicador sintético - Índice de Desenvolvimento da Saúde (IDS. O IDS foi composto pelas dimensões: (1 Recursos de saúde: disponibilidade e qualidade dos recursos de saúde; (2 Cobertura por atenção básica e saneamento; (3 Eficácia das políticas de saúde. Cada dimensão englobou um conjunto de indicadores obtidos em bases de dados nacionais. Em 2005, o Brasil apresentava nível intermediário de desenvolvimento da saúde, tendo progredido de patamares inferiores, desde 1999. A maioria das UF apresentava déficits em "recursos" e "cobertura". A dimensão da "eficácia" mostrou-se altamente desenvolvida em todo Brasil. Conclusões: A construção do indicador sintético IDS possibilitou constatar deficiências e disparidades significativas na disponibilidade e qualidade dos recursos de saúde, em grande parte do território nacional. Esses resultados podem auxiliar gestores de saúde no desafio de tornar a saúde pública universal.The scope of this paper was to assess the health level in Brazilian states using the Health Development Index (HDI. The HDI consisted of the following dimensions: (1 Health resources: Availability and quality of health resources; (2 Primary Healthcare coverage and sanitation; (3 Effectiveness of health policies. Each dimension was composed of a set of indicators obtained from national databases. In 2005, Brazil had an intermediate level of development of health, having progressed from a low level in 1999. Most states had medium and low development, with deficits in resources and coverage. The dimension of effectiveness was highly developed nationwide. With the construction of a synthetic indicator (HDI it was possible to detect that in most of the country there are severe deficiencies in the availability and quality of health resources. These results can help health managers to tackle the challenge of making public health

  2. Annual report of waste generation and pollution prevention progress 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-09-01

    This seventh Annual Report presents and analyzes DOE Complex-wide waste generation and pollution prevention activities at 45 reporting sites from 1993 through 1998. This section summarizes Calendar Year 1998 Complex-wide waste generation and pollution prevention accomplishments. More detailed information follows this section in the body of the Report. In May 1996, the Secretary of Energy established a 50 percent Complex-Wide Waste Reduction Goal (relative to the 1993 baseline) for routine operations radioactive, mixed, and hazardous waste generation, to be achieved by December31, 1999. DOE has achieved its Complex-Wide Waste Reduction Goals for routine operations based upon a comparison of 1998 waste generation to the 1993 baseline. Excluding sanitary waste, routine operations waste generation decreased 67 percent overall from 1993 to 1998. However, for the first time since 1994, the total amount of materials recycled by the Complex decreased from 109,600 metric tons in 1997 to 92,800 metric tons in 1998. This decrease is attributed to the fact that in 1997, several large ''one-time only'' recycling projects were conducted throughout the Complex. In order to demonstrate commitment to DOE's Complex-wide recycling goal, it is important for sites to identify all potential large-scale recycling/reuse opportunities.

  3. Qualitative evaluation of environmental radiological impact in a phosphate associated uranium conventional mine: Santa Quiteria Project, CE, Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reis, Rocio G. dos; Santo, Aline Sa E.

    2013-01-01

    The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate qualitatively the main potential sources of mineral and installation terms of Santa Quiteria, CE, Brazil, evaluating their possible impacts on the environment. The key terms sources in the production of phosphoric acid are usually: the dig of the mines, tailings dams and phospho plaster stack. Thus, this work intends to inform the academic community about this issue, as well as the population in general and also, acting proactively in order to warn about the possible environmental impacts, so that actions to compensate, minimize or avoid these radiological impacts on the environment, can be included in the planning of the industrial mineral project of Santa Quiteria (author)

  4. Biología poblacional de huirales submareales de Macrocystis integrifolia y Lessonia trabeculata (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae en un ecosistema de surgencia del norte de Chile: variabilidad interanual y El Niño 1997-1998 Population biology of the subtidal kelps Macrocystis integrifolia and Lessonia trabeculata (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae in an upwelling ecosystem of northern Chile: interannual variability and El Niño 1997-1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.M. ALONSO VEGA

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available This paper describes the population biology of Lessonia trabeculata and Macrocystis integrifolia during and after the 1997-1998 El Niño in an area of permanent coastal upwelling in northern Chile. Spatial and temporal patterns of distribution were evaluated seasonally for adult and juvenile sporophytes of both species between 1996 and 2003. These two kelp form an assemblage distributed between 2 and 15 m depth, with disjunct patterns along a bathymetric gradient, including two morphs of L. trabeculata, the occurrence of which depends on the presence or absence of M. integrifolia. During the 1997-1998 El Niño the spatial-temporal patterns of abundance of the kelp assemblage were maintained by the continuity of coastal upwelling, which buffered and moderated superficial warming of the sea and depletion of nutrients. In this context, localities associated with coastal upwelling areas could function as "sources" of reproductive propagules after passage of El Niño, thus increasing kelp recolonization rates in "sink" localities, which suffered local kelp extinctions. Intensification of upwelling processes after the 1998-2000 La Niña increased nutrient inputs into subtidal habitats, favoring the productivity of the kelp assemblage. However, an abrupt change in the spatial-temporal patterns of abundance of the black sea urchin Tetrapygus niger, the most conspicuous benthic grazer in northern Chile, produced local extinctions of M. integrifolia and compression of the range of bathymetric distribution of L. trabeculata. Top-down (mortality of benthic carnivores during the 1997-1998 El Niño and bottom-up effects (intensity and frequency of upwelling in this subtidal coastal ecosystem appear to regulate the kelp-herbivore interactions in the study area. The main sources of reproductive propagules for the re-establishment of the assemblage kelp were fertile sporophytes which included isolated, low density patches of M.integrifolia located within the bed

  5. The petroleum industry in 1998 - 1999 edition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    The drop of the oil quotations, which reached up to 50 % of their 1997 average value, was the outstanding event of the year 1998. A comparable event was observed more than 25 years ago before the first oil crack. 1998 was also the year of major changes in the petroleum industry with the BP-Amoco fusion, followed by the Exxon-Mobil fusion (the biggest fusion of the worldwide history of industry), and finally followed by the Total-Petrofina one. This document presents, in the form of thematic articles, the impact of the 1998 events on the entire petroleum activities. It comprises the most recent reference data, necessary for the understanding of the economy of this sector. (J.S.)

  6. Applied nuclear physics group - activities report. 1977-1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Appoloni, Carlos Roberto

    1998-06-01

    This report presents the activities conducted by the Applied Nuclear Physics group of the Londrina State University - Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory - Brazil, from the activities beginning (1977) up to the end of the year 1997

  7. Redução das internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária no Brasil entre 1998-2009 Reducción de las internaciones por condiciones susceptibles a atención primaria en Brasil entre 1998-2009 Reduction of ambulatory care sensitive conditions in Brazil between 1998 and 2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Fernando Boing

    2012-04-01

    temporales con datos secundarios relacionados con las Internaciones Hospitalarias por condiciones susceptibles a atención primaria en el Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil. Los datos fueron obtenidos del Sistema de Informaciones Hospitalarias. Las tasas de internaciones por 10.000 habitantes fueron estandarizadas por grupo etario y sexo, considerando la población brasileña masculina recensada en 2000 como patrón. El análisis de tendencia de la serie histórica fue realizado por regresión linear generalizado por el método de Prais-Winsten. RESULTADOS: Hubo reducción en el promedio anual de internaciones por condiciones susceptibles a atención primaria de 3,7% entre hombres (IC95% -2,3;-5,1 y mujeres (IC95% -2,5;-5,6 entre 1998 y 2009. La tendencia varió en cada unidad federativa, sin embargo, en ninguna hubo aumento de las internaciones. En el sexo masculino y femenino las mayores reducciones fueron observadas en las internaciones por úlceras gastrointestinales (-11,7% al año y -12,1%, respectivamente, condiciones evitables (-8,8% y -8,9% y enfermedades de las vías aéreas inferiores (-8,0% y -8,1%. Angina (hombres, infección en el riñón y tracto urinario (hombres y mujeres y condiciones relacionados al prenatal y parto (mujeres presentaron aumento en las internaciones. Los tres grupos de enfermedades que más ocasionaron internaciones fueron gastroenteritis infecciosas y complicaciones, internaciones por insuficiencia cardíaca y asma. CONCLUSIONES: Hubo reducción sustancial en las internaciones por condiciones susceptibles a atención primaria en Brasil entre 1998 y 2009, sin embargo, algunas enfermedades presentaron estabilidad o aumento, exigiendo atención del sector salud.OBJECTIVE: To describe the trends in hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions between 1998 and 2009 in Brazil. METHODS: The ecological time series study used secondary data on hospitalizations for ACSC in the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS, National Unified Health System

  8. Gravidez em adolescentes de uma unidade municipal de saúde em Fortaleza - Ceará Embarazo en adolescentes de una unidad municipal de salud en Fortaleza - Ceára (Brasil Pregnancy in adolescents of a city health unit in Fortaleza - Ceára (Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Conceição de Maria Arcanjo

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available Estudo quantitativo com objetivo de conhecer a gravidez na adolescência em unidade municipal de saúde, Fortaleza-CE. A amostra foi composta por 40 adolescentes. Como resultado, encontramos: 20% estavam entre 14 e 15 anos, 7,5% eram solteiras, 5%, casadas, 7,5% tinham união consensual; 60% tinham entre 16 e 17 anos, 5% eram solteiras, 7,5%, casadas, 47,5% tinham união consensual; 20% tinham entre 18 e 19 anos, 12,5% eram solteiras, 7,5%, casadas. E, ainda: 17,5% tiveram experiência do aborto, 50% deixaram de estudar por causa da gravidez, 25% não gostam de estudar, 20% não acham importante, 57,5% iniciaram pré-natal com três a quatro meses de gestação, 80% dos pais assumem a paternidade, 70% delas continuavam morando com a família, 70% receberam orientações sobre gravidez, 60% não utilizavam método contraceptivo, 37,5% desejam ser dona de casa, 27,5% não têm planos para o futuro. Concluímos que as adolescentes engravidam em faixa etária precoce, não percebem os riscos inerentes à gravidez e deixam de lado o estudo, lazer, vaidade ou mesmo perspectivas para o futuro. A nosso ver, o estudo pode contribuir para o redimensionamento do trabalho com adolescentes na unidade local do estudo.Estudio cuantitativo con el objetivo de conocer el embarazo en la adolescencia de una unidad municipal de salud, Fortaleza CE (Brasil. La muestra fue compuesta por 40 adolescentes. Como resultado encontramos: 20% estaban entre 14-15 años, 7,5% solteras, 5% casadas, 7,5% unión consensual; 60% entre 16 y 17años, 5% solteras, 7,5% casadas, 47,5% unión consensual; 20% entre 18-19 años, 12,5% solteras, 7,5% casadas. Y todavía 17,5% tuvieran experiencia del aborto, 50% dejaron de estudiar debido el embarazo, 25% no les gusta estudiar, 20% no encuentra importante, 57,5% empezaron prenatal con tres a cuatro meses de la gestación, 80% de los padres asumen la paternidad, 70% continúan viviendo con la familia, 70% recibieran las orientaciones en el

  9. The UNO Aviation Monograph Series: The Airline Quality Rating 1998

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bowen, Brent D.; Headley, Dean E.

    1998-01-01

    The Airline Quality Rating (AQR) was developed and first announced in early 1991 as an objective method of comparing airline performance on combined multiple factors important to consumers. Development history and calculation details for the AQR rating system are detailed in The Airline Quality Rating 1991 issued in April, 1991, by the National Institute for Aviation Research at Wichita State University. This current report, Airline Quality Rating 1998, contains monthly Airline Quality Rating scores for 1997. Additional copies are available by contacting Wichita State University or University of Nebraska at Omaha. The Airline Quality Rating 1998 is a summary of month-by-month quality ratings for the ten major U.S. airlines operating during 1997. Using the Airline Quality Rating system and monthly performance data for each airline for the calendar year of 1997, individual and comparative ratings are reported. This research monograph contains a brief summary of the AQR methodology, detailed data and charts that track comparative quality for major airlines domestic operations for the 12 month period of 1997, and industry average results. Also, comparative Airline Quality Rating data for 1991 through 1996 are included to provide a longer term view of quality in the industry.

  10. Consulting report – Natura Cosméticos SA

    OpenAIRE

    Capcha Rivera, Cinthia Enedina; Kang Cabrera, Hoseok Antonio

    2017-01-01

    Natura S.A is a Brazilian company that sells beauty products and personal care through direct sales. Currently it has a greater presence in the Latin American market: Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Peru Colombia and Chile. On the other hand, Atento is a Peruvian company that provides the services of the contact center for all operations of Natura Latin America, without including Brazil. The main problem identified is the inefficient management of the contact center by Natura which ...

  11. IPEN (Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares) - annual report - 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The annual activities report of 1997 of IPEN (Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares) - Brazilian organization - introduces the next main topics: mission; permanent goals; year main achievements - health and bioengineering, industry and materials and environmental aspects, nuclear reactor technology and fuel cycle, radiation protection and nuclear assurance, human resources formation, infrastructure and support, administration innovation; more important projects summary developed in 1997; budgetary data summary; products and services commercialization; year evaluation of 1997; perspectives for 1998; projects and researches financed for resources captivated in fomentation agencies; and clients

  12. International wind energy development. World market update 1997. Forecast 1998-2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-03-01

    This is the third issue of the annual World Market Update from BTM Consult ApS, covering the year 1997. All figures in the status part refer to end of the year 1997, the past 3 years development is also assessed and the forecast looks 5 years ahead. The annual installation of new wind power capacity increased by 21% resulting in a cumulative installation by the end of 1997 of 7,636 MW. Approx. 84% of the new capacity (1,566 MW), was installed in Europe emphasizing this region as the leading market regarding utilisation of wind energy. India remains halted (since 1996) and it has been very difficult to get reliable figures from this market. The US market is still very slow, but some very big projects are under construction. The first two years of the five year forecast has been adjusted downwards compared to forecast presented last year. The main reason is due to the economic situation in Asia. The cumulative MW in the five year forecast shows a slight increase compared to last years 5 year forecast, justified by higher expectations to other markets. The surprising pace in the commercialization of MW-turbines and their projected use for offshore applications few years ahead is assessed in the report. A total of 129 turbines of 1-1.65 MW are already in operation - most of them in Germany. On the international arena it is expected, that the wind power development will gain benefits from the Kyoto-Protocol (December 1997) and the 'White Paper' from the EU commission, although it will take some years to transfer these political targets into operational schemes. This report can be found on Internet Web-pages: http://home4.inet.tele.dk/btmcwind/index.html. (EG)

  13. Programa Saúde da Família: viabilizando a saúde pública universalizada no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fuhrmann, Nadia Lucia

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available O tema exposto neste artigo aborda a implantação do Programa Saúde da Família como estratégia de conversão do Sistema de Saúde no Brasil. No campo da saúde pública, o PSF configura-se, atualmente, na mais ampla política assistencial do setor. Está disseminado por todo o território nacional, tendo como meta principal reorganizar os serviços e ações em saúde ao nível da atenção primária. Elegemos três aspectos que nos parecem centrais para o entendimento do processo de implantação do PSF nos municípios brasileiros, a saber: a origem e os antecedentes do Programa, a implantação e o impacto desse Projeto no nível local e, finalmente, a especificidade da formação das equipes multiprofissionais que constituem as unidades de saúde. Buscamos, assim, socializar parte dos estudos que temos realizado sobre o PSF, desde 1997, no Núcleo de Pesquisas em Demandas e Políticas Sociais no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Serviço Social da PUCRS

  14. Daily birth numbers in Passo Fundo, South Brazil, 1997-1999: trends and periodicities

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Mikulecky

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available Between October 6, 1997 and April 30, 1999, 5011 births (mean: 8.76 per day were registered in the city of Passo Fundo, South Brazil. The sequence of 572 daily birth numbers was not random (iteration test. Neyman distribution (m = ¥ showed the best fit. Clusters of days with higher birth numbers alternated with days with low numbers of births. Periodogram analysis revealed a significant periodicity of 6.98 days. The cosinor regression, testing 10 a priori supposed period lengths, found significant seasonality peaking in August-September and significantly highest birth numbers on Thursdays. Among the lunar and solar rotation cycles, the tropic lunar cycle and its 4th harmonic were most pronounced, in agreement with results concerning natality in Germany obtained by Svante Arrhenius in the 19th century. These findings confirm Derer-Halberg's concept of multiseptans. In addition to cycling, a significantly increasing linear trend with a daily increase of 0.0045 births was encountered. This documents a growth of the population in agreement with national statistical data.

  15. Case studies in international tobacco surveillance: cigarette smuggling in Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shafey, O; Cokkinides, V; Cavalcante, T M; Teixeira, M; Vianna, C; Thun, M

    2002-09-01

    This article is the first in a series of international case studies developed by the American Cancer Society to illustrate use of publicly available surveillance data for regional tobacco control. A descriptive analysis of Brazil and Paraguay cigarette production and trade data from official sources. Per capita cigarette consumption for Brazil and its neighbour was calculated from 1970 to 1998 using data on production, imports, and exports from NATIONS, the National Tobacco Information Online System. A 63% decrease was observed in the estimate of per capita consumption of cigarettes in Brazil between 1986 and 1998 (from 1913 cigarettes per person in 1986 to 714 cigarettes per person in 1998) and a 16-fold increase in Paraguay was observed during the same period (from 678 cigarettes per person in 1986 to 10 929 cigarettes per person in 1998). Following Brazil's 1999 passage of a 150% cigarette export tax, cigarette exports fell 89% and Brazil's estimated per capita consumption rose to 1990 levels (based on preliminary data). Per capita consumption in Paraguay also fell to 1990 levels. These trends coincide with local evidence that large volumes of cigarettes manufactured in Brazil for export to Paraguay are smuggled back and consumed as tax-free contraband in Brazil. It is hoped that this case study will draw wider public attention to the problems that smuggling presents for tobacco control, help identify other countries confronting similar issues, and stimulate effective interventions.

  16. TransCanada PipeLines Limited 1998 annual report : TransCanada energy solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    Financial information from TransCanada PipeLines Limited and a review of the company's 1998 operations was made available for the benefit of shareholders. TransCanada's pipeline system transports natural gas and crude oil from Western Canada Sedimentary Basin to North America's major energy markets. Net earnings from continuing operations for 1998, before unusual charges, were $575 million ($ 355 million after unusual charges) compared to $522 million for 1997. Solid performances from the energy transmission and international business, when compared to 1997, were more than offset by a decreased contribution from energy processing. TransCanada recorded integration costs of $166 million, after tax, related to the merger with NOVA in 1998, which was the major operational accomplishment during the year, creating a seamless economic energy delivery, processing and marketing system from the wellhead to the market. tabs., figs

  17. [The history of the public health reform in Brazil and of the Sistema Único de Saúde: changes, continuities, and the current agenda].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Menicucci, Telma Maria Gonçalves

    2014-01-01

    The paper offers a historical retrospective of Brazil's Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), including its background and its legacy on its current design. It begins describing some of the system's structural problems, especially the co-existence of a public system alongside a private one. It identifies problems that have hampered a firmer solidification of SUS, while it also highlights the immense import of establishing a unified, universal system in a country the size of Brazil. The discussion includes the effects of the system, which has represented a major change in the field of social rights, introducing new actors, and internalizing the notion of health as a right. Lastly, recent developments that have put SUS on the public agenda are discussed.

  18. Hanford Site comprehensive compliance evaluation report - July 1, 1997 through June 30, 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Haggard, R.D.

    1998-01-01

    On September 9, 1992, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued General Permit No. WA-R-00-OOOF, Authorization to Discharge Under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activity to the US Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL). DOE-RL submitted a Notice of Intent to comply with this permit to the EPA in accordance with the General Permit requirements on October 1, 1992. On February 14, 1994, EPA issued a Storm Water General Permit Coverage Notice (WA-R-00-Al 7F). The Hanford Site Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) (WHC-SD-EN-EV-02 1) was certified by DOE-RL on September 24, 1996, in compliance with Part 4.B(i) of the General Permit. As required by General Permit, Section 4, Part D, Section 4.c, an annual report must be developed by DOE-RL and retained onsite to verify that the requirements listed in the General Permit are implemented. This document fulfills the requirement to prepare an annual report and contains the results of inspections of the storm water discharges listed in Appendix B. This report also describes the methods used to conduct the Storm Water Comprehensive Site Compliance Evaluation (SWCSCE) as required in the General Permit, Part 4, Section D.4.c; summarizes the results of the compliance evaluation; and documents significant leaks and spills. The time frames for this SWCSCE report is July 1, 1997 through June 30, 1998. There were no significant spills or leaks during this reporting period

  19. Annual report of waste generation and pollution prevention progress 1998; ANNUAL

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    NONE

    1999-01-01

    This seventh Annual Report presents and analyzes DOE Complex-wide waste generation and pollution prevention activities at 45 reporting sites from 1993 through 1998. This section summarizes Calendar Year 1998 Complex-wide waste generation and pollution prevention accomplishments. More detailed information follows this section in the body of the Report. In May 1996, the Secretary of Energy established a 50 percent Complex-Wide Waste Reduction Goal (relative to the 1993 baseline) for routine operations radioactive, mixed, and hazardous waste generation, to be achieved by December31, 1999. DOE has achieved its Complex-Wide Waste Reduction Goals for routine operations based upon a comparison of 1998 waste generation to the 1993 baseline. Excluding sanitary waste, routine operations waste generation decreased 67 percent overall from 1993 to 1998. However, for the first time since 1994, the total amount of materials recycled by the Complex decreased from 109,600 metric tons in 1997 to 92,800 metric tons in 1998. This decrease is attributed to the fact that in 1997, several large ''one-time only'' recycling projects were conducted throughout the Complex. In order to demonstrate commitment to DOE's Complex-wide recycling goal, it is important for sites to identify all potential large-scale recycling/reuse opportunities

  20. Planos privados de assistência à saúde: cobertura populacional no Brasil Private health plans: populational coverage in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Felipe Pinto

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Foram utilizados o Cadastro de Beneficiários da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS e a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD/IBGE para descrever o perfil da cobertura dos serviços por planos privados de saúde. Apesar da regulação pela ANS, não se deve perder de vista que o acesso, a utilização e a cobertura populacional em planos de saúde precisam ser periodicamente monitorados, principalmente na região Sudeste, que concentra 70% da população coberta por planos de saúde. Também são necessários estudos mais detalhados sobre as capitais brasileiras, que constituem grandes centros de concentração de clientela; e investigações para os subgrupos etários que mais utilizam os serviços de saúde: crianças menores de 5 anos, mulheres em idade fértil e idosos. Os resultados do estudo indicam que, no Sistema de Saúde Brasileiro, os planos privados de assistência à saúde se configuram como mais um fator de geração de desigualdades sociais no acesso e na utilização de serviços de saúde, pois cobrem apenas uma parcela específica da população brasileira: pessoas de maior renda familiar, de cor branca, com maior nível de escolaridade, inseridas em determinados ramos de atividade do mercado de trabalho, moradores das capitais/regiões metropolitanas.The Beneficiaries' Frame from ANS and the data of the PNAD/IBGE have been used to describe the profile of the private health plans' coverage. Although the regulation functions of ANS, one should not forget that private health insurance access, use and coverage should be monitored continuously, specially the private market of Southeast Region, which concentrate 70% of coverage people in Brazil. Others studies are also necessary for Brazilian capitals, which constitute great urban cities of insurance people. Besides this, more detailed investigation must be developed for age groups with higher utilization of health services: children up to 5 years, women

  1. Trends in drug use among students in Brazil: analysis of four surveys in 1987, 1989, 1993 and 1997

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Galduróz J.C.F.

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available The consumption of psychotropic drugs among Brazilian secondary school students was examined by comparing data from four surveys using a questionnaire adapted from the WHO's Program on Research and Reporting on the Epidemiology of Drug Dependence. Students filled out the form in their classrooms without the presence of teachers. The target population consisted of 10-18-year-old students (on average, 15,000 students responded to each survey in Brazil's ten largest state capitals: Belém, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, and São Paulo. Among the legal drugs, lifetime use (use at least once during life of tobacco was increased in seven cities (the exceptions were Brasília, Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro. There was also a significant increase in frequent use of alcohol (six times or more per month in 6 of the cities, from an average of 9.2% in 1987 to 15.0% in 1997. With respect to illegal drugs, there was a significant increase in lifetime use of marijuana (a 3-fold increase from 2.8% in 1987 to 7.6% in 1997. Cocaine use increased 4-fold over the survey period (0.5% in 1987 to 2.0% in 1997. Lifetime use of cocaine significantly increased in eight capitals (except Recife and Rio de Janeiro. However, frequent cocaine use increased in only three capitals (Belém, Fortaleza and Porto Alegre, from an average of 1.0% in 1987 to 3.6% in 1997. Lifetime use of medications such as anxiolytics and amphetamines increased 2-fold on average over the survey period. Comparing the four studies, the main conclusion is that there were significant increases in the frequencies for lifetime use, frequent use and heavy use of many drugs.

  2. O Programa Saúde da Família segundo profissionais de saúde, gestores e usuários Brazil's Family Health Program according to healthcare practitioners, managers and users

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Telmo Mota Ronzani

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde, gestores e usuários sobre o Programa Saúde da Família (PSF de dois municípios de Minas Gerais, Brasil. METODOLOGIA: Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os profissionais e gestores com os temas: formação profissional, objetivos do PSF, equipes e dificuldades do programa no município. Foi utilizado um questionário estruturado, usando como critério de inclusão o sorteio de domicílios cadastrados em quatro unidades dos municípios. RESULTADOS: Os profissionais relataram que: os atributos pessoais de seus membros são o requisito para uma boa equipe; há insatisfação com a organização do PSF; a prevenção é o principal objetivo do PSF. Os gestores destacaram que o maior benefício do PSF é a intervenção junto às famílias. Citaram também a educação, a assistência e a promoção da saúde como pontos importantes do PSF. Os usuários revelaram que: o agente de saúde representa a categoria profissional de maior destaque; a presença de especialistas no PSF é necessária; a maior parte dos entrevistados não participa de atividade extra-consulta; o serviço especializado é preferível ao PSF. CONCLUSÃO: Os envollvidos na proposta do PSF têm expectativas diferentes quanto à estratégia, o que pode afetar a efetividade do serviço.OBJECTIVE: To examine perceptions among Healthcare Practitioners, Managers and Users of Brazil's Family Health Program (FHP in two municipalities in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. METHODOLOGY: Semi-structured interviews with the Practitioners and Managers focused on: professional training, Family Health Program goals, teams and difficulties encountered in the municipalities; Users responded to a structured questionnaire in households registered with four healthcare units in these municipalities, selected through a random draw. RESULTS: Practitioners reported that: the requirements for a good team include the personal

  3. Saúde sexual e reprodutiva em penitenciária feminina, Espírito Santo, Brasil Sexual and reproductive health of female inmates in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angélica Espinosa Miranda

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e as condições de saúde das mulheres encarceradas em penitenciária feminina. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo descritivo de março a setembro de 1997, em penitenciária feminina do Estado do Espírito Santo. Todas as presidiárias foram convidadas a participar da pesquisa. Participaram 121 mulheres com idade superior a 18 anos, avaliadas por meio de entrevista aplicada, explorando informações sociodemográficas, clínicas e criminais, registradas em questionário estruturado, seguida de exame clínico-ginecológico. RESULTADOS: Um total de 121 mulheres foram incluídas. A média de idade das participantes foi de 30,2 anos (DP 8,98 e de escolaridade, 4,8 anos (DP 3,50. Todas já haviam tido atividade sexual pregressa; a idade média do primeiro coito foi de 15,2 anos (DP 2,55, variando de nove a 27 anos; e 28% apresentavam história de doença sexualmente transmissível (DST. Doze (9,9% mulheres estavam grávidas no momento da entrevista. História de gravidez na adolescência foi freqüente. A maioria não adotava nenhum método contraceptivo e nem fazia uso de preservativos. Laqueadura tubária foi observada em 19,8% e citologia cervical anormal em 26,9%. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento sobre problemas de saúde existentes dentro do sistema carcerário pode contribuir para fortalecer e ampliar o papel de reabilitação que lhe é conferido. Entretanto, somente a cooperação entre os órgãos de saúde pública e o sistema penitenciário pode produzir resultados eficientes.OBJECTIVE: To describe the sociodemographic profile and health problems of inmates in a women's prison. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted from March to September 1997 in a women's prison in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. All inmates were invited to participate in the study. A total of 121 women aged more than 18 years were interviewed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographics

  4. Mesoscale primary production and bio-optical variability off Antofagasta (23-24º S during the transition to El Niño 1997-1998 Variabilidad de la producción primaria y bio-óptica a mesoescala frente a las costas de Antofagasta (23-24º S durante la transición a El Niño 1997-1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    GEMITA PIZARRO

    2002-03-01

    Full Text Available The spatial variability of primary production (PP, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a and the photosynthetic parameters were studied off Antofagasta, Chile (23-24ºS, 70-72º W during austral summer and winter. Between cruises (January and July 1997, significant changes occurred in the water column, including higher temperatures in the euphotic zone (Zeu deepening of thermocline below Zeu, an increase of oxygen concentration and the intrusion of Subtropical Waters with potential limitation of nutrients. These strong physical anomalies due to the transition period of El Niño 1997-1998 appeared in this study area during March 1997. During the July cruise, the El Niño event 1997-1998 was in the middle of its development (IOS-2. The hypothesis that chlorophyll-a concentrations and primary production differ significantly in the coastal areas in the Antofagasta region due to year-round coastal upwelling was tested in this study. Photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-E experiments were performed daily, using simulated in situ incubations with samples collected within the Zeu. Also in vitro incubations were done at several selected stations. For results analyses, stations were pooled in coastal and oceanic sites according to distance from the narrow shelf and differential influence of local upwelling. Integrated Chl-a values during both cruises were significantly higher at the coastal stations, and since between cruises no differences were found, a mean value of 44 mg Chl-a m-2 can be reported for the coastal area. Daily PP values were significantly different in space and time (P Durante el verano e invierno austral, se estudió la variabilidad espacial de la producción primaria (PP, clorofila-a (Cl-a y los parámetros fotosintéticos en las costas de Antofagasta, Chile (23-24º S, 70-72º O. Entre ambos cruceros (enero y julio 1997 hubo cambios significativos en la columna de agua, los que incluyeron aumento de la temperatura en la zona eufótica (Zeu, profundizaci

  5. Vertical Profiles of Latent Heat Release over the Global Tropics using TRMM Rainfall Products from December 1997 to November 2002

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tao, W.-K.; Lang, S.; Simpson, J.; Meneghini, R.; Halverson, J.; Johnson, R.; Adler, R.

    2003-01-01

    NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) derived rainfall information will be used to estimate the four-dimensional structure of global monthly latent heating and rainfall profiles over the global tropics from December 1997 to November 2000. Rainfall, latent heating and radar reflectivity structures between El Nino (DJF 1997-98) and La Nina (DJF 1998-99) will be examined and compared. The seasonal variation of heating over various geographic locations (i.e., oceanic vs continental, Indian ocean vs west Pacific, Africa vs. S. America ) will also be analyzed. In addition, the relationship between rainfall, latent heating (maximum heating level), radar reflectivity and SST is examined and will be presented in the meeting. The impact of random error and bias in stratiform percentage estimates from PR on latent heating profiles is studied and will also be presented in the meeting. The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model is being used to simulate various mesoscale convective systems that developed in different geographic locations. Specifically, the model estimated rainfall, radar reflectivity and latent heating profiles will be compared to observational data collected from TRMM field campaigns over the South China Sea in 1998 (SCSMEX), Brazil in 1999 (TRMM-LBA), and the central Pacific in 1999 (KWAJEX). Sounding diagnosed heating budgets and radar reflectivity from these experiments can provide the means to validate (heating product) as well as improve the GCE model. Review of other latent heating algorithms will be discussed in the workshop.

  6. Migration and mental health: Japanese Brazilians in Japan and in Brazil Migração e saúde mental: brasileiros descendentes de japoneses no Japão e no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lincoln Sakiara Miyasaka

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Brazil is the country with the largest community of Japanese descendants in the world, from a migration movement that started in 1908. However, more recently (1988, a movement in the opposite direction began. Many of these descendants went to Japan for work purposes and suffered mental distress. Some of them sought treatment in Japan, while others returned to Brazil to seek treatment. The aim of the present study was to compare the sociodemographic profile and diagnoses of Japanese Brazilian psychiatric outpatients in Japan (remaining group and in Brazil (returning group. METHOD: All consecutive Japanese Brazilian outpatients who received care from the psychiatric units in Japan and Brazil from April 1997 to April 2000 were compared. The diagnoses were based on ICD-10 and were made by psychiatrists. Sociodemographic data and diagnoses in Brazil and Japan were compared by means of the Chi-Squared Test. RESULTS: The individuals who returned to Brazil were mostly male and unmarried, had lived alone in Japan, had stayed there for short periods and were classified in the schizophrenia group. The individuals who remained in Japan were mostly female and married, were living with family or friends, had stayed there for long periods and were classified in the anxiety group. Logistic regression showed that the most significant factors associated with the returning group were that they had lived alone and stayed for short periods (OR = 0.93 and 40.21, respectively. CONCLUSION: We conclude that living with a family and having a network of friends is very important for mental health in the context evaluated.OBJETIVO: O Brasil é o país com a maior comunidade de descendentes japoneses do mundo (migração iniciada em 1908. No entanto, mais recentemente (1988 um movimento migratório em direção oposta se iniciou. Muitos desses descendentes têm migrado para o Japão a trabalho e sofrem distúrbios mentais. Alguns deles procuram tratamento no Jap

  7. Evaluation Study of the Monitoring Result for River Water Environment Component Around U Mining Research Area at, Kalan West Kalimantan from 1997/1998 up to 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Achmad-Sorot-Soediro

    2004-01-01

    The Uranium research which have been carrying out since 1980/1981 up to now and uranium processing activities which was carried out since 1981/1982 to 1996/1997 have probably decreased environment quality. Therefore the environment component would be monitored through Kalan river water every year. From 1997/1998 up to 2002 the environment quality decreased. So, the environment quality is necessarily to be evaluated doing those period. Aim of study is to recover development information of environmental quality at river water component up to 5 years. Evaluation has been done by comparing research the yearly data obtained and construct the correlation with U mining and processing activities on that year. BOD, COD, As, Ca, Mg, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo and radioactivity of U, Th and Ra content with in Kalan water river tends to become lower in accordance with the decreasing of U mining and processing research activities. (author)

  8. The New Zealand cataract and refractive surgery survey 1997/1998.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elder, M; Tarr, K; Leaming, D

    2000-04-01

    This study documents the current practice for cataract and refractive surgery in New Zealand. A postal questionnaire was distributed in late 1997 to all consultant members of the Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand that were resident in the country at that time. Most questions were identical to the 1997 survey of the American Society of Cataract and Refraction Surgeons (ASCRS) to enable a comparison. There were 98 returns from 101 surveys distributed. Of the returns, 72 performed cataract surgery, 23 performed PRK and 11 performed LASIK. ASCRS members did more refractive surgery than did New Zealanders: 28 versus 1% of 1-5 RK per month, 7 versus 1% of 1-2 clear lens extractions per month and 85 versus 51% had access to an excimer laser. For cataract surgery, ASCRS members used more topical anaesthesia (30 vs 5.5%), used no sutures more often (73 vs 51%), used more preoperative antibiotics (76 vs 26%) and used fewer injections of antibiotic/steroids (38 vs 61%). Otherwise the two groups were broadly similar.

  9. PCBs and OH-PCBs in polar bear mother-cub pairs: a comparative study based on plasma levels in 1998 and 2008.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bytingsvik, Jenny; Lie, Elisabeth; Aars, Jon; Derocher, Andrew E; Wiig, Øystein; Jenssen, Bjørn M

    2012-02-15

    The aim of this study was to examine the plasma concentrations and prevalence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hydroxylated PCB-metabolites (OH-PCBs) in polar bear (Ursus maritimus) mothers (n=26) and their 4 months old cubs-of-the-year (n=38) from Svalbard to gain insight into the mother-cub transfer, biotransformation and to evaluate the health risk associated with the exposure to these contaminants. As samplings were performed in 1997/1998 and 2008, we further investigated the differences in levels and pattern of PCBs between the two sampling years. The plasma concentrations of Σ(21)PCBs (1997/1998: 5710 ± 3090 ng/g lipid weight [lw], 2008: 2560 ± 1500 ng/g lw) and Σ(6)OH-PCBs (1997/1998: 228 ± 60 ng/g wet weight [ww], 2008: 80 ± 38 ng/g ww) in mothers were significantly lower in 2008 compared to in 1997/1998. In cubs, the plasma concentrations of Σ(21)PCBs (1997/1998: 14680 ± 5350 ng/g lw, 2008: 6070 ± 2590 ng/g lw) and Σ(6)OH-PCBs (1997/1998: 98 ± 23 ng/g ww, 2008: 49 ± 21 ng/g ww) were also significantly lower in 2008 than in 1997/1998. Σ(21)PCBs in cubs was 2.7 ± 0.7 times higher than in their mothers. This is due to a significant maternal transfer of these contaminants. In contrast, Σ(6)OH-PCBs in cubs were approximately 0.53 ± 0.16 times the concentration in their mothers. This indicates a lower maternal transfer of OH-PCBs compared to PCBs. The majority of the metabolite/precursor-ratios were lower in cubs compared to mothers. This may indicate that cubs have a lower endogenous capacity to biotransform PCBs to OH-PCBs than polar bear mothers. Exposure to PCBs and OH-PCBs is a potential health risk for polar bears, and the levels of PCBs and OH-PCBs in cubs from 2008 were still above levels associated with health effects in humans and wildlife. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. Desigualdade social e saúde no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neri Marcelo

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Esse artigo estuda a relação entre desigualdade social e saúde no Brasil. A estratégia usada foi avaliar as necessidades e o consumo dos serviços de saúde, bem como o acesso a seguro saúde ao longo da distribuição de renda. Adicionalmente, por meio da estimação de uma regressão logística, foram avaliados outros determinantes do consumo dos serviços de saúde, com o intuito de se conhecer aonde e quem utiliza esses serviços no país. Os dados foram extraídos da Pesquisas Nacional de Amostra por Domicilio da Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística levada a campo em 1998. Em geral, observou-se que os indivíduos nos primeiros décimos da distribuição de renda têm pior acesso a seguro saúde, necessitam de maiores cuidados médicos, mas consomem menos os serviços de saúde. As outras características extra rendimento indicam que os principais determinantes para o consumo dos serviços de saúde estariam fortemente associados aos grupos sociais mais privilegiados (de maior escolaridade, acesso a seguro saúde, água, esgoto, luz, coleta de lixo e a fatores que apontam para capacidade de geração de oferta desses serviços no país.

  11. Critical analysis of the PETROBRAS monopoly end - particularities of the Bahia state, Brazil; Uma analise critica do fim do monopolio da PETROBRAS - particularidades para o Estado da Bahia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cerqueira, Alexandre B.; Ribeiro, Bradson F. [Bahia Univ., Salvador, BA (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Quimica. Curso de Especializacao em Engenharia do Gas Natural; Rocha, Georges S. [Centro Federal de Tecnologia da Bahia, Salvador, BA (Brazil)

    2005-07-01

    The Agencia Nacional de Petroleo - ANP - created in 1997 by the petroleum law has the role of regulating oil and natural gas industry activities in Brazil inciting the power self-sufficiency. The petroleum law states the end of petroleum exploration monopoly in Brazil performed by PETROBRAS. Between 1998 and 2004 ANP carried out six bid rounds in brazilian sedimentary basins offered to national and foreign companies. The exploratory activities in Bahia are resulting in commercial discoveries and positive impact to local economy. The petrochemical industry expects the startup of Manati field operation to supply repressed demand of natural gas as fuel and raw material. This article analyzes the legal and institutional processes and economics performances of these activities in Bahia's state. (author)

  12. Semiannual report to Congress on Inspector General audit reports, October 1, 1997--March 31, 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-05-01

    This is the Secretary of Energy`s eighteenth Semiannual Report to Congress submitted under the Inspector General Act of 1978, as amended. Pursuant to the Inspector General Act Amendments of 1988 (Public Law 100-504), agency heads are to report to Congress on the status of final action taken on audit report recommendations. This report complements a report prepared by the Department`s Office of Inspector General that provides information on audit reports issued during the period and on the status of management decisions made on Inspector General audit reports. During the period covered by this report, October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998, the Department took final action on 20 operational, financial, and preaward audit reports. At the end of the period 80 reports awaited final action. Final action was taken on one contract and financial assistance audit, leaving two reports requiring final action at the end of the period. This report has three sections. The first section outlines significant audit resolution and followup accomplishments achieved by the Department during the reporting period. The second section contains the statistical tables that illustrate the status of final action on Inspector General audit reports. The third lists the audit reports that are one year or more past management decision and have not completed final action. This section also provides the status of corrective actions on each of those reports.

  13. Electron traps and scintillation mechanism in YAlO3:Ce and LuAlO3:Ce scintillators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wojtowicz, A.J.; Glodo, J.; Drozdowski, W.; Przegietka, K.R.

    1998-01-01

    In this paper we present the results of thermoluminescence, isothermal decay and scintillation light yield measurements on two isostructural scintillator materials, YAlO 3 :Ce and LuAlO 3 :Ce. In addition to the variety of deep traps identified by thermoluminescence and isothermal decays, scintillation light yield experiments demonstrate the presence in both materials of a number of relatively shallow traps. While the deep traps may reduce the scintillation light yield, they do not influence the kinetics of the process. The shallow traps, on the other hand, by interfering with the process of radiative recombination of charge carriers via Ce 3+ ions, can strongly affect not only the yield of the scintillation process but its kinetics as well. The presence of shallow traps provides a consistent explanation for a number of poorly understood relationships between the two scintillator materials, including a higher room temperature scintillation light yield and longer scintillation decay time in YAlO 3 :Ce, and a longer scintillation rise time in LuAlO 3 :Ce. Theoretical analysis indicates that elimination of these traps would make the two materials nearly identical in scintillator performance. Although the specific identity of all traps remains elusive, the performance of both scintillator materials is now, in practical terms, fully understood. (Copyright (c) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)

  14. Annual report of JMTR. FY1997 (April 1, 1997 - March 31, 1998)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ooka, Norikazu; Hoshiya, Taiji; Tabata, Toshio [eds.; Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Oarai, Ibaraki (Japan). Oarai Research Establishment; and others

    1999-03-01

    During FY1997, the JMTR was operated for 3 complete cycles (120th, 121st and 122nd cycles) and was utilized for the research and development programs on the technology of LWRs and fusion reactor, as well as for fundamental research of fuels and materials, and for radioisotope productions. The improvement of evaluation technique in a local neutron spectrum for irradiation utilization and development of capsule having the vertical migration, the reinstrumentation and loading mechanism have been carried out. Development of a new oxygen potential sensor for oxide fuel pellets has been done as an elemental technology of irradiation for high burn-up fuels. As for post irradiation examination, the techniques for measuring of crack length using an alternating current potential drop method and machining of miniaturized specimen by the remote handling have been developed. A research on the blanket materials and components for thermonuclear fusion reactor were also progressed. (author)

  15. 1998 annual report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    Operational activities and financial performance of Purcell Energy Ltd., an emerging junior in oil and gas exploration and production in Alberta are detailed. Production in 1998 grew to 966 boe/day, up from 860 boe/day in 1997. Revenues of 5.6 million dollars were slightly under the 5.7 million dollars earned in 1997, due solely to the substantial decrease in product prices. Net income was recorded at a loss of 2.5 million dollars after four consecutive years of positive earnings. The company's future prospects and opportunities lie in the very positive results achieved at Fort Liard where preliminary K-29 reserves increased proven and probable reserves to 44.2 billion cubic feet of natural gas, in leveraging these results, in capitalizing on opportunities that arise in the low point of the price cycle and grassroots exploration. Details of the company's operations at its various sites in Saskatchewan and Alberta are reviewed. Audited financial reports are also provided

  16. Incidence rate and spatio-temporal clustering of type 1 diabetes in Santiago, Chile, from 1997 to 1998 Taxa de incidência e agrupamento espaço-temporal de diabetes tipo 1 em Santiago, Chile, de 1997 a 1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JL Santos

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence rate of type 1 diabetes in the urban area of Santiago, Chile, from March 21, 1997 to March 20, 1998, and to assess the spatio-temporal clustering of cases during that period. METHODS: All sixty-one incident cases were located temporally (day of diagnosis and spatially (place of residence in the area of study. Knox's method was used to assess spatio-temporal clustering of incident cases. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate of type 1 diabetes was 4.11 cases per 100,000 children aged less than 15 years per year (95% confidence interval: 3.06--5.14. The incidence rate seems to have increased since the last estimate of the incidence calculated for the years 1986--1992 in the metropolitan region of Santiago. Different combinations of space-time intervals have been evaluated to assess spatio-temporal clustering. The smallest p-value was found for the combination of critical distances of 750 meters and 60 days (uncorrected p-value = 0.048. CONCLUSIONS: Although these are preliminary results regarding space-time clustering in Santiago, exploratory analysis of the data method would suggest a possible aggregation of incident cases in space-time coordinates.OBJETIVO: Estimar a taxa de incidência de diabetes tipo 1 na área urbana de Santiago, Chile, entre os dias 21 de março de 1997 e 20 de março 1998, assim como a avaliação do agrupamento espaço-temporal dos casos incidentes no período. MÉTODOS: Foram localizados 61 casos incidentes no tempo (dia do diagnóstico e no espaço (lugar de residência na área do estudo. O método de Knox foi usado para avaliar o agrupamento dos casos no espaço e no tempo. RESULTADOS: A taxa de diabetes tipo 1 foi estimada em 4,11 casos por 100.000 menores de 15 anos por ano (Intervalo de confiança 95%: 3,06 -- 5,14. Essa taxa de incidência parece ter aumentado desde a última estimativa realizada na região metropolitana de Santiago, nos anos 1986-1992. Foram constru

  17. Local and regional air quality over 1997 based on decrees

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vissenberg, H.A.; Warmenhoven, R.C.G.

    1999-01-01

    Eleven of the 12 Dutch provinces and 52 of the 79 municipalities (over 40.000 inhabitants) reported on their air quality for 19997. The National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) and the Directorate-General for Environmental Protection of the Ministry of VROM then combined these reports into an annual national report for 1997. The largest in several years, still 35 percent of the municipalities failed to meet their reported obligations. Most of the reports on air quality are incomplete on the contribution of large point sources and traffic to local air quality. For 1997 one province reported an exceedence of the limit value of nitrogen dioxide. In four provinces the target value of nitrogen dioxide was exceeded. The province of Zuid-Holland has to report next year on its air quality over 1998 because of exceeding of the limit value and the provinces Friesland and Utrecht have to report because they did not report (completely) over 1997. The 52 municipalities reported in total 60 exceedences of the (provisional) limit value over 1997: 20 roads with an exceedence of the nitrogen dioxide (provisional) limit value, 2 roads with an exceedence of the carbon monoxide limit value and 38 roads with an exceedance of the benzene limit value. Nine municipalities have to report on their air quality over 1998; Amsterdam, Arnhem, Breda, Den Haag, Leiden, Nijmegen, Sittard, Utrecht and Zwolle. Also the 27 municipalities which did not report over 1997 have to report over 1998; Alphen a/d Rijn, Dordrecht, Ede, Eindhoven, Enschede, Gouda, Groningen, Heerhugowaard, Heerlen, Helmond, 's Hertogenbosch, Heusden, Katwijk, Leeuwarden, Maarssen, Maastricht, Oosterhout, Oss, Purmerend, Ridderkerk, Roosendaal, Veldhoven, Smallingerland, Tilburg, Velsen, Vlaardingen and Zwijndrecht. Seven provinces and eight municipalities also reported on their policy to either maintain their air quality or improve it. Exceedance of limit values means that on a local scale air quality

  18. Programa saúde da família no brasil: um enfoque sobre seus pressupostos básicos, operacionalização e vantagens Family health program in brazil: a focus on its basic assumptions, performance and advantages

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Milena Lopes Santana

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available De sua concepção até o momento atual, são muitas as análises a respeito do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF no Brasil. Embora ainda em número reduzido, integrantes das unidades de saúde da família, secretários municipais de saúde, prefeitos, elementos do Ministério da Saúde, bem como docentes de universidades e pesquisadores renomados da saúde pública e outras áreas afins, têm se disposto a discutir e a refletir sobre tal estratégia. Dessa forma, tornou-se pertinente fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre o PSF, a qual foi abordada em temas: retrospectiva histórica do período que antecedeu o PSF; seus pressupostos básicos; estratégias de operacionalização: a família como foco de assistência, o princípio da vigilância à saúde, a atuação da equipe multidisciplinar; os diferentes modelos de implantação no Brasil; aspectos facilitadores ou não dessa implantação, bem como as vantagens e desvantagens do PSF no sistema de saúde brasileiro.Since its conception up to the moment, many have been the analysis concerning the Family Health Program in Brazil (FHP. Although still in a small number, members of the Family Health Units, Health Municipal Secretaries, Mayors, members of health Ministry, as well as Universities teaching staff and renowned researchers of public health and other similar branches, they have disposed themselves towards discussing and considering such strategy. Thus, it became appropriate to carry out a review on the literature about The FHP, which was approached in topics: historic retrospective of the period that preceded The FHP; its basic assumptions; performance strategies; the family as the center of assistance, the principle of health vigilance, the performance of the multidisciplinarian staff, the different patterns of implantation in Brazil, the facilitating aspects or not of this launching in Brazil, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of The FHP in Brazilian Health System.

  19. Desigualdades na saúde reprodutiva das mulheres no Paraná Inequalities in the reproductive health of women in the State of Paraná, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vânia Muniz Néquer Soares

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available As desigualdades sociais afetam especialmente as mulheres no mundo em desenvolvimento, com reflexos sobre a saúde das mulheres e sobre os indicadores de saúde reprodutiva. Este estudo objetiva identificar as desigualdades sociais e em saúde reprodutiva das mulheres no Estado do Paraná. Desenvolveu-se estudo ecológico cujas unidades de análise foram os municípios paranaenses agregados em áreas homogêneas segundo indicadores socioeconômicos gerais e da inserção social feminina com base nas técnicas de análise multivariada. Foram calculados os indicadores sociais de gênero a partir do banco de dados do Censo/IBGE 2000 e de saúde reprodutiva (qüinqüênio 1998-2002 construídos a partir dos dados dos sistemas de informação do SUS, para estes agrupamentos. Calculou-se a Razão entre Taxas para medir as desigualdades sociais de gênero e a Variância das Médias Brutas para medir as desigualdades em saúde reprodutiva das mulheres entre os grupos de municípios. Verificou-se dentre os resultados que existem profundas diferenças nos indicadores de saúde reprodutiva das mulheres entre os municípios, tanto na tipologia socioeconômica como na inserção social das mulheres. Os agrupamentos socioeconômicos 4 e 5 apresentaram em geral indicadores de saúde reprodutiva feminino mais desfavoráveis. Estes dois grupos envolvem 160 municípios (40% do total do Estado e uma população de 1,4 milhões de pessoas. Estes municípios estão concentrados em 9 das 22 regionais de saúde do Estado. Foram identificadas diferenças sociais de gênero com desvantagens para as mulheres. O permanente dimensionamento das desigualdades em saúde reprodutiva no Paraná poderá auxiliar na tomada de decisões no sentido de revertê-las.Social inequalities affect specially women in the developing world, with effects on reproductive and sexual health indicators. This study aims to identify both social and women's reproductive health inequalities in the

  20. Primary health care lessons from the northeast of Brazil: the Agentes de Saúde Program.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cufino Svitone, E; Garfield, R; Vasconcelos, M I; Araujo Craveiro, V

    2000-05-01

    Market-led economic reforms are usually viewed as being in conflict with government-stimulated socioeconomic development for disadvantaged groups. Nevertheless, Ceará, a poor state in the Northeast of Brazil, has since 1987 pursued both of those strategies simultaneously. One part of that approach has been a program of nurse-directed auxiliary health workers serving about 5 million people--almost all the persons outside the capital city and half of those in the capital. The system requires that the auxiliaries, called agentes de saúde, live in the local communities that they serve. The health agents visit each home once a month to carry out a small number of priority health activities. While health agent positions are in high demand, the minimum-wage salary that the agents receive makes up only a small portion of the state budget. A key aspect of the system is timely and comprehensive information, which is based on agent visits and is managed by trained nurses. Since the health agents system was launched, there has been a rapid decline in infant mortality, a rapid rise in immunization, identification of bottlenecks limiting the utilization of other medical resources, and timely interventions in times of crisis. The health agents system has combined administrative decentralization with financial centralization during a period of electoral democratization. The system has strengthened Ceará's commitment to primary care even as market-oriented changes have reduced the overall role of government. The Ceará program is being copied throughout the Northeast and other regions of Brazil. The key role that nurses play in the Ceará program in organizing and leading a system of basic primary care in poor neighborhoods and rural areas may provide useful lessons for other countries. In addition, Ceará does not have many of the favorable characteristics of other countries that have successfully invested in primary health care. Ceará thus represents a more achievable model

  1. Smolt monitoring at the head of Lower Granite Reservoir and Lower Granite Dam, 1998.; ANNUAL

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2000-01-01

    This project monitored the daily passage of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, steelhead trout O. mykiss, and sockeye salmon smolts O. nerka, during the 1998 spring outmigration at migrant traps on the Snake and Salmon rivers. All hatchery chinook salmon released above Lower Granite Dam 19 1998 were marked with a fin-clip. Total annual hatchery chinook salmon catch at the Snake River trap was 226% of the 1997 number and 110% of the 1996 catch. The wild chinook catch was 120% of the 1997 catch but was only 93% of 1996. Hatchery steelhead trout catch was 501% of 1997 numbers but only 90% of the 1996 numbers. Wild steelhead trout catch was 569% of 1997 and 125% of the 1996 numbers. The Snake River trap collected 106 age-0 chinook salmon. During 1998, for the first time, the Snake River trap captured a significant number of hatchery sockeye salmon (1,552) and hatchery coho salmon O. kisutch (166). Differences in trap catch between years are due to fluctuations not only in smolt production, but also differences in trap efficiency and duration of trap operation associated with high flows. Trap operations began on March 8 and were terminated for the season due to high flows on June 12. The trap was out of operation for 34 d during the season due to high flow and debris. Hatchery chinook salmon catch at the Salmon River trap was 476% and wild chinook salmon catch was 137% of 1997 numbers and 175% and 82% of 1996 catch, respectively. The hatchery steelhead trout collection in 1998 was 96% of the 1997 catch and 13% of the 1996 numbers. Wild steelhead trout collection in 1998 was 170% of the 1997 catch and 37% of the 1996 numbers. Travel time (d) and migration rate (km/d) through Lower Granite Reservoir for PIT-tagged chinook salmon and steelhead trout, marked at the head of the reservoir were affected by discharge. For fish tagged at the Snake River trap, statistical analysis of 1998 detected a significant relation between migration rate and discharge. For hatchery and

  2. Aspectos biológico-pesqueros del pejerrey (Odontesthes regia regia) en el puerto de Ilo durante 1996-1998

    OpenAIRE

    Hugo Treviño; Walter Condori; Martín Zambrano

    2014-01-01

    Se analizaron los aspectos biológicos y pesqueros del pejerrey peruano (Odontesthes regia regia) población en Ilo, desde enero de 1996 a septiembre de 1998. Las capturas fueron tres veces más alta (72,76 t) que las de 1996 hasta 1997, mientras que con el calentamiento de "El Niño" en 1998 éstas se redujeron a 0,62 t. Durante el evento "El Niño 1997-1998" la población mostró también una serie de cambios en la distribución, la reproducción y la composición de la dieta. Estos cambios se asociaro...

  3. Characterization by PCR of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates collected during the 1997-1998 Chilean outbreak

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JOSÉ LUIS CÓRDOVA

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Between November 1997 and April 1998, several human gastroenteritis cases were reported in Antofagasta, a city in the north of Chile. This outbreak was associated with the consumption of shellfish, and the etiologic agent responsible was identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This was the first report of this bacterium causing an epidemic in Chile. V. parahaemolyticus was the only pathogenic bacterium isolated from patient stools and from shellfish samples. These isolates were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR amplification of the pR72H gene, a species-specific sequence. Based on the pR72H gene amplification pattern, at least three different isolates of V. parahaemolyticus were found. Two isolates (named amplicons A and C generated PCR products of approximately 400 bp and 340 bp respectively, while another type of isolate designated B, did not generate a PCR product, regardless of which method of DNA purification was used. Sequence analysis of the amplicons A and C shows that they have an 80 bp and 183 bp conserved region at the 5'end of the gene. However, both isolates have different sequences at their 3' terminus and are also different from the pR72H sequence originally reported. Using this PCR assay we demonstrated that these three isolates were found in clinical samples as well as in shellfish. The warm seawater caused by the climatological phenomena "El Niño" perhaps favored the geographic dispersion of the bacterium (bacterial bloom occurring in Antofagasta that occurred during that time of year

  4. Characterization by PCR of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates collected during the 1997-1998 Chilean outbreak.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Córdova, José Luis; Astorga, Josefa; Silva, Wally; Riquelme, Carlos

    2002-01-01

    Between November 1997 and April 1998, several human gastroenteritis cases were reported in Antofagasta, a city in the north of Chile. This outbreak was associated with the consumption of shellfish, and the etiologic agent responsible was identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This was the first report of this bacterium causing an epidemic in Chile. V. parahaemolyticus was the only pathogenic bacterium isolated from patient stools and from shellfish samples. These isolates were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the pR72H gene, a species-specific sequence. Based on the pR72H gene amplification pattern, at least three different isolates of V. parahaemolyticus were found. Two isolates (named amplicons A and C) generated PCR products of approximately 400 bp and 340 bp respectively, while another type of isolate designated B, did not generate a PCR product, regardless of which method of DNA purification was used. Sequence analysis of the amplicons A and C shows that they have an 80 bp and 183 bp conserved region at the 5' end of the gene. However, both isolates have different sequences at their 3' terminus and are also different from the pR72H sequence originally reported. Using this PCR assay we demonstrated that these three isolates were found in clinical samples as well as in shellfish. The warm seawater caused by the climatological phenomena "El Niño" perhaps favored the geographic dispersion of the bacterium (bacterial bloom) occurring in Antofagasta that occurred during that time of year.

  5. Brazil and Mexico's manufacturing performance in international perspective, 1970-1998

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Mulder, Nanno; Montout, Sylvie; Perez Lopes, Luis

    2002-01-01

    This paper studies the labour productivity performances of Brazil and Mexico in international perspective by comparing them with the United States, one of the international productivity leaders, during the period 1970-99. Brazil and Mexico are compared separately with the USA, in 1985 and 1988

  6. Report on ticks collected in the Southeast and Mid-West regions of Brazil: analyzing the potential transmission of tick-borne pathogens to man

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Figueiredo Luiz Tadeu Moraes

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Specimens of ticks were collected in 1993, 1996, 1997, and 1998, mostly from wild and domestic animals in the Southeast and Mid-West regions of Brazil. Nine species of Amblyommidae were identified: Anocentor nitens, Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma fulvum, Amblyomma striatum, Amblyomma rotundatum, Boophilus microplus, Boophilus annulatus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The potential of these tick species as transmitters of pathogens to man was analyzed. A Flaviviridade Flavivirus was isolated from Amblyomma cajennense specimens collected from a sick capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris. Amblyomma cajennense is the main transmitter of Rickettsia rickettsii (=R. rickettsi, the causative agent of spotted fever in Brazil. Wild mammals, mainly capybaras and deer, infested by ticks and living in close contact with cattle, horses and dogs, offer the risk of transmission of wild zoonosis to these domestic animals and to man.

  7. Observing and analysing the 1997 general election : an introduction

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rutten, M.M.E.M.; Mazrui, A.; Grignon, F.; Rutten, M.M.E.M.; Mazrui, A.; Grignon, F.

    2001-01-01

    The outcome of a three-day conference held at the African Studies Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands, in September 1998, this book on the 1997 Kenya general elections is organized in four parts: the direct pre-electoral background; technical and national analysis of the general elections, including the

  8. Annual report of Department of Research Reactor, 1997. April 1, 1997 - March 31, 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    The Department of Research Reactor is responsible for the operation, maintenance, utilization and related R and D works of the research reactors including JRR-2, JRR-3M (new JRR-3) and JRR-4. This report describes the activities of the department in fiscal year of 1997 and it also includes some of the technical topics on the works mentioned above. As for the research reactors, we carried out the operation, maintenance, the utilization of irradiation and neutron beam experiments, technical management including fuels and water chemistry, radiation monitoring as related R and D works. The international cooperations between the developing countries and the department were also made concerning the operation, utilization and safety analysis for nuclear facilities. (author)

  9. Brazil, the United States, and the Missile Technology Control Regime

    Science.gov (United States)

    1990-03-19

    Pursues Dream in Space," Washington Post, 13 December 1984, lf, 4f. According to Defense News, "Brazil’s Andrade Gutierrez Quimica produces ammonium...owned by Engesa (EnQenheiros Especializados S.A. - 40 percent), Embraer (Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A. - 40 percent), Esca ( Engenharia de...AeronAutica S.A. EMFA - Estado Maior das Forcas Armadas (General Staff of the Armed Forces) Engesa - Engenheiros Es~ecializados S.A. Esca - Engenharia de

  10. Progress at ROEN - Fortaleza Geodetic Station

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kaufman, Pierre; Macilio Pereira de Lucena, A.; Tateyama, Claudio E.

    1999-08-01

    This report presents the works developed at ROEN: Radio-Observatorio Espacial do Nordeste, Eusebio near Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, in 1998. Activities were related to observing sessions, major maintenance items, and scientific results obtained.

  11. Why were cool SST anomalies absent in the Bay of Bengal during the 1997 Indian Ocean Dipole event?

    Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

    Rao, S.A.; Gopalakrishna, V.V.; Shetye, S.R.; Yamagata, T.

    surface temperature anomalies (C176C) (middle row) and NCEP outgoing longwave radiation anomalies (watts.m C02 ) (bottom row) during September 1997 (first column), November 1997 (middle column) and January 1998 (right column). XBT lines (in pink) whose...

  12. Annual report to shareholders 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    Financial information from Imperial Oil Limited and a review of operations during 1998 was presented for the benefit of shareholders. Imperial is Canada's largest producer of crude oil, a major producer of natural gas, and the largest refiner and marketer of petroleum products sold mostly under the Esso brand. Imperial is also a major producer of petrochemicals. Revenue and expenditure statements are summarized by source. Financial highlights for 1998 show that Imperial Oil's earnings totaled a record $554 million. Return on shareholders' equity for the year was 12.9 per cent, down from 18.9 per cent in 1997. The continued weakness in international crude oil markets was the most significant factor affecting Imperial's business results in 1998. All in all, the company was successful in maintaining its four major priorities of flawless execution, growth in profitable sales volumes, best-in-class cost structure, and improved productivity in asset mix. Imperial remains concerned over issues regarding Canada's response to potential climate change. The company considers this to be the most important economic public policy issue facing Canada today. tabs., figs

  13. Yellow fever in Pará State, Amazon region of Brazil, 1998-1999: entomologic and epidemiologic findings.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vasconcelos, P F; Rosa, A P; Rodrigues, S G; Rosa, E S; Monteiro, H A; Cruz, A C; Barros, V L; Souza, M R; Rosa, J F

    2001-01-01

    Yellow fever (YF) is frequently associated with high severity and death rates in the Amazon region of Brazil. During the rainy seasons of 1998 and 1999, 23 (eight deaths) and 34 (eight deaths) human cases of YF were reported, respectively, in different geographic areas of Pará State; most cases were on Marajó Island. Patients were 1 to 46 years of age. Epidemiologic and ecological studies were conducted in Afuá and Breves on Marajó Island; captured insects yielded isolates of 4 and 11 YF strains, respectively, from Haemagogus janthinomys pooled mosquitoes. The cases on Marajó Island in 1999 resulted from lack of vaccination near the focus of the disease and intense migration, which brought many nonimmune people to areas where infected vectors were present. We hypothesize that YF virus remains in an area after an outbreak by vertical transmission among Haemagogus mosquitoes.

  14. Complementary feeding patterns in the first year of life in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: time trends from 1998 to 2008

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Alves de Oliveira

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed to analyze time trends in complementary feeding practices among children under one year of age in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1998 to 2008. Based on comparable questions on food consumption in five surveys conducted in representative randomized samples of children in 1998 (n = 3,762, 2000 (n = 3,670, 2003 (n = 4,305, 2006 (n = 3,686, and 2008 (n = 2,621, 16 complementary feeding indicators were constructed. The percentage frequency of all indicators was estimated for each year of the study. Linear trend analyses were also conducted by means of multivariate regression models. All indicators of early complementary feeding decreased from 1998 to 2008. In the 6-11.9 month age group, there was a significant downward trend in the proportion of children receiving food with adequate consistency for their age, consumption of iron-rich foods, and overall adequacy of the diet. A significant upward trend in fruit consumption was observed. There was a decrease in the early complementary feeding, and generally a worsening of complementary feeding practices in children aged 6-11.9 months in Rio de Janeiro during the period studied.

  15. O impacto do trabalho infantil no setor agrícola sobre a saúde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre Chibebe Nicolella

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desse artigo é verificar se o trabalho infantil no setor agrícola produz impacto negativo sobre a saúde. Para a análise foram utilizadas as PNADs (Pesquisas Nacionais por Amostra de Domicílios de 1998 e 2003, que trazem suplemento especial sobre saúde, empregando a técnica econométrica de pseudo-painel. Assim, foram consideradas as crianças de 5 a 15 anos em 1998 e de 10 a 20 anos em 2003. Os resultados mostram que, para os indivíduos economicamente ativos, a atividade no setor agrícola e o trabalho de risco no setor agrícola não diferem dos outros setores, ou seja, trabalhar no setor agrícola não impõe um maior desgaste à saúde em relação aos outros setores da economia. Se considerados todos os indivíduos economicamente ativos, os resultados mostram que o trabalho agrícola não afeta a saúde e que o trabalho não-agrícola tem impacto negativo. Dessa forma, acredita-se que a atuação do governo deve ser setorial, visando uma melhoria no acesso ao sistema de saúde, bem como aos medicamentos, e a promoção da educação materna com relação à saúde.The aim of this dissertation is to identify the causal relation between rural child labour and health. The analysis utilized the PNAD, a Brazilian household survey, from 1998 and 2003. The econometric modeling was based on the pseudo-panel approach and was considered the children from 5 to 15 years old in 1998 and from 10 to 20 years old in 2003. The results show that work and work in risky jobs in the agricultural sector do not differ from those impacts of other sectors. It was also presented, for all individuals that work in the agricultural sector does not impact the health capital and work in the non rural sector impact negatively the health capital. So, the government intervention in rural areas should be different from the one implemented on the urban area to mitigate the impact of child labour on health and also, the government intervention should be

  16. National report of Brazil: nuclear safety convention - September 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-09-01

    This National Report was prepared by a group composed of representatives of the various Brazilian organizations with responsibilities in the field of nuclear safety, aiming the fulfilling the Convention of Nuclear Energy obligations. The Report contains a description of the Brazilian policy and programme on the safety of nuclear installations, and an article by article description of the measures Brazil is undertaking in order to implement the obligations described in the Convention. The last chapter describes plans and future activities to further enhance the safety of nuclear installations in Brazil.

  17. National report of Brazil: nuclear safety convention - September 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-09-01

    This National Report was prepared by a group composed of representatives of the various Brazilian organizations with responsibilities in the field of nuclear safety, aiming the fulfilling the Convention of Nuclear Energy obligations. The Report contains a description of the Brazilian policy and programme on the safety of nuclear installations, and an article by article description of the measures Brazil is undertaking in order to implement the obligations described in the Convention. The last chapter describes plans and future activities to further enhance the safety of nuclear installations in Brazil

  18. Em defesa da vida: : modelo do Sistema Único de Saúde de Volta Redonda In defese of life: a SUS model in Volta Redonda, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roseni Pinheiro

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available A reforma do sistema de saúde brasileiro é um dos mais bem-sucedidos exemplos de descentralização institucional, a despeito de ser uma experiência que contém limites. Esses limites estão relacionados com a natureza das instituições responsáveis pela prestação dos serviços, e pelas demandas apresentadas pela população. Na Constituição de 1998 que deu forte ênfase à democratização das relações políticas, ocorreu a incorporação da saúde enquanto direito de cidadania, através do qual foram fixados atributos para o Estado, de modo a definir um outro patamar em seu relacionamento com a sociedade. O direito à saúde conduziu a uma centralidade nas questões relativas ao acesso aos serviços de saúde. Assim, produziu-se um reordenamento político e institucional do aparato estatal, orientado para potencializar a ação dos municípios, pois essa era a esfera de governo que caberia ampliar a oferta local de serviços básicos de saúde. Neste sentido, o direito à saúde torna-se direito universal a serviços locais de atenção à saúde. O presente estudo é uma investigação exploratória sobre a relação da demanda e oferta, na perspectiva da prática quotiadiana dos diversos atores. Essa relação foi examinada através de um estudo de um caso concreto, de reforma do sistema de saúde do município de Volta Redonda, o qui se desenvolveu um modelo de SUS denominado "Em Defesa da Vida", que é a base dessa investigação. A experiência de Volta Redonda revelou que nesse município os preceitos institucionais do SUS - universalidade, integralidade, descentralização e participação social - foram plenamente incorporados, em paralelo à adoação de inciativas inovadoras de reorganização das práticas em saúde e medicina, tais como: o Programa Saúde da Família e a medicina homepática. Esse êxito, no entanto foi limitado pela presença de variáveis relacionadas não somente ao campo biomédico, mas também aos

  19. The risk of aseptic meningitis associated with the Leningrad-Zagreb mumps vaccine strain following mass vaccination with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 1997.

    Science.gov (United States)

    da Silveira, Claudio Marcos; Kmetzsch, Claudete Iris; Mohrdieck, Renate; Sperb, Alethea Fagundes; Prevots, D Rebecca

    2002-10-01

    Few data are available on the risk of aseptic meningitis following vaccination with the Leningrad-Zagreb (L-Z) strain of mumps vaccine. In 1997 the mumps vaccine was introduced into the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil through mass vaccination with mumps-measles-rubella (MMR), targeting children aged 1-11 years. Five municipalities used exclusively MMR vaccine containing the L-Z strain of mumps. An outbreak of aseptic meningitis was observed shortly after the mass campaign. To estimate the risk of aseptic meningitis associated with this strain, we analysed vaccination and meningitis case surveillance data from the selected municipalities. A case of vaccine-associated aseptic meningitis was defined as one with a pleocytosis of 10-1,500 leukocytes/ml and occurring within 15-35 days after vaccine receipt. We estimated a risk of 2.9 cases per 10,000 doses of L-Z administered, equivalent to 1 case per 3,390 doses administered. The overall risk of aseptic meningitis following the campaign was increased 12.2-fold (95% CI: 6.0-24.7) compared with the same period in 1995-1996. Following the mass campaign, the incidence of mumps declined 93% during 1998-2000. Vaccination with the L-Z strain of mumps vaccine as part of a mass campaign was associated with a significantly increased risk of aseptic meningitis. Decisions about type of mumps vaccine and mumps vaccination strategies must consider vaccine safety issues in addition to other criteria.

  20. Ten Cities, 1997-1998: A Snapshot of Family Homelessness across America.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Homes for the Homeless, Inc., New York, NY.

    In 1997, the Institute for Children and Poverty of Homes for the Homeless joined with more than 58 organizations from 10 cities across the country to develop a national snapshot of family homelessness in the United States. Nearly 800 families were surveyed. This report presents the results of this research. The typical homeless family in the…

  1. Facts and data concerning energy in France and in the world during 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lavergne, R.; Meuric, L.; Gombert, M.; Paquel, V.; Vaillant, C.; Quintaine, Th.

    1999-01-01

    This series of short articles presents a preliminary study of the energy consumption in France in 1998. The electricity production and the consumption of natural gas, of solid fossil fuels and of petroleum are detailed through various tables. In 1998 the global cost of energy for France was cut by 29% in comparison with 1997. This drop in costs is due to the fall of crude oil prices (-33,2% for Brent oil) whereas the dollar exchange rate remained quite constant through the year. The CO 2 emissions computed from the quantity of energy burnt show a 4,7% rise in comparison with 1997. Different tables give the consumption of energy in the world, they allow the reader to situate the position of France. (A.C.)

  2. The situation of radiation oncology practice training programs and their graduates in 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bushee, Gerald R.; Sunshine, Jonathan H.; Schepps, Barbara

    2000-01-01

    Purpose: To keep the profession apprised of current trends in the job market, the American College of Radiology (ACR) studied the employment situation of 1998 radiation oncology graduates and the status and plans of radiation oncology training programs in the United States. Methods and Materials: In April-May 1998, and again in a December 1998-January 1999 follow-up, the ACR surveyed all radiation oncology residency directors in the U.S. about the employment situation of their 1998 residency and fellowship graduates as well as changes in their programs. Eighty-five percent (71/84) of those surveyed responded. We compare current findings with similar 1997 and earlier surveys and report statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). Results: By 6 months after graduation, there were no graduating residents or fellows who had not secured a position, although the status of two was unknown. At that time, about 93% of all graduates had secured positions that directors said reasonably matched graduates' training and personal goals. Program directors reported that accomplished and planned changes in their programs will reduce the annual number of residency graduates by about one-fifth since 1993. However, the number of beginning residency positions offered in 1998 was 149, up from 116 in 1997 and only a few percent below the 1993 level. By the December 1998-January 1999 follow-up, fill rates for offered training positions were 94% for residencies and 80% for fellowships, figures that are similar to those reported for past years. Directors' perceptions of the job market are much more positive. For example, only 11% of residency directors viewed the market as more difficult this year than typical of recent years, as against 48% in 1997 and 82% in 1996. Conclusion: Unemployment continues to be low, and another, 'softer' indicator, the job market perceptions of residency program directors, continues to improve. Possibly as a result, plans for program reductions are

  3. NCPV FY 1998 Annual Report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    McConnell, R. D.; Hansen, A.

    1999-01-01

    This report summarizes the in-house and subcontracted research and development (R and D) activities under the National Center for Photovoltaics (NCPV) from October 1, 1997 through September 30, 1998 (FY 1998). The NCPV is part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Photovoltaics Program, as described in the DOE National Photovoltaics Program Plan for 1996-2000. The mission of the DOE National Photovoltaics Program is to make PV a significant part of the domestic economy--as an industry and as an energy resource. The two primary goals of the national program are to (1) maintain the U.S. industry's world leadership in research and technology development and (2) help the U.S. industry remain a major, profitable force in the world market. The NCPV provides leadership and support to the national program toward achieving its mission and goals

  4. Comportamiento de las masas de agua en el Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica durante El Niño (1997 - 1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco A Quesada-Alpízar

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Los patrones de circulación oceánica, la estructura vertical de la columna de agua y la posición vertical de la termoclina son factores de gran importancia para comprender la distribución vertical de los organismos planctónicos en los océanos. Este trabajo estudia la hidrografía del Golfo Dulce, un fiordo tropical en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical (POT, y la posible influencia sobre dicho sistema del ENOS 1997-1998. Se seleccionó un total de cinco estaciones de muestreo, para las cuales se obtuvo, mensualmente, perfiles verticales de temperatura (ºC, salinidad (‰ y oxígeno disuelto (mg O2 /l durante un periodo de dos años. Los resultados muestran una fuerte estratificación vertical de la columna de agua asociada a la morfología de la cuenca del Golfo Dulce y a la incidencia del fenómeno ENOS. Además, se determinó que existen diferencias significativas en las características hidrográficas de las partes interna y externa de la cuenca del Golfo Dulce. Finalmente, se detectaron eventos bianuales de entrada de agua oceánica fría, con salinidad y concentraciones de oxígeno disuelto relativamente altas, a la cuenca. Estos eventos podrían estar asociados al sistema de afloramiento costero del Golfo de PanamáIn order to understand the vertical distribution of planktonic organisms in the oceans, it is important to consider a number of factors. Including oceanic circulation patterns, the vertical structure of the water column and the vertical position of the thermocline. This study examines the hydrography of Golfo Dulce, a tropical fjord -like embayment in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, and the influence of the 1997-1998 ENSO on the system. Five sampling stations were selected and visited once a month for two years in order to obtain vertical profiles of temperature (ºC, salinity (‰ and dissolved oxygen (mg O² /l. Results show a strong vertical stratification of the water column associated to the morphology of Golfo Dulce

  5. Renewable energy annual 1998, with data for 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-12-01

    This is the fourth annual report published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) which presents information on renewable energy consumption, capacity, and electricity generation data; US solar thermal and photovoltaic collector manufacturing activities; and US geothermal heat pump manufacturing activities. It updates and provides more detail on renewable energy information than what`s published in the Energy Information Administration`s (EIA) Annual Energy Review 1997. The renewable energy resources included in the report are: biomass (wood, wood waste, municipal solid waste, ethanol, and biodiesel); geothermal; wind; solar (solar thermal and photovoltaic); and hydropower. However, hydropower is also regarded as a conventional energy source because it has furnished a significant amount of electricity for more than a century. Therefore, the contribution of hydropower to total renewable energy consumption is discussed, although hydropower as an individual energy source is not addressed. Since EIA collects data only on terrestrial (land-based) systems, satellite and military applications are not included in this report. 13 figs., 44 tabs.

  6. Oil exploitation regulational framework and effects in the sector and its relation to the whole economy: the case of Brazil’s 1997 change

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Emmanuel Santana Borges

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available The world lives a context of energetic pre-crisis, and Brazil has discovered newbig reserves of the “black gold”, which led to changing the regulation framework of itsexploitation in the country. This paper focuses in analysis, from last years, thechanges in oil production and tries to evaluate its effects in growth of production andits links to the rest of Brazilian economy. Using data derived from the I-O matrix in thesupply side, and Balance of Payments data, we try to see if there were meaningfulchanges in the period 1998-2007 from the period 1990-1997 in terms of the oil sectorlinkage to the rest of the economy, technological modernization, its relation toemployment and average earnings, and its impacts in the external insertion of thecountry (exports and dividends balance.

  7. Desigualdade social e saúde entre idosos brasileiros: um estudo baseado na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Socioeconomic circumstances and health among the brazilian elderly: a study using data from a National Household Survey

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available A influência da situação sócio-econômica sobre a saúde dos idosos é controversa. Nós utilizamos dados da PNAD 1998 para examinar esta influência em uma amostra de 19.068 idosos representativos da população brasileira com ³ 65 anos de idade. Aqueles com renda domiciliar per capita situada no quintil mais baixo foram comparados àqueles com renda mais alta (³ 0,67 salários mínimos. Os idosos com renda mais baixa apresentaram piores condições de saúde (pior percepção da saúde, interrupção de atividades por problemas de saúde, ter estado acamado e relato de algumas doenças crônicas, pior função física (avaliada através de seis indicadores e menor uso de serviços de saúde (menor procura e menos visitas a médicos e dentistas. Esses resultados não confirmam observações realizadas em alguns países desenvolvidos quanto à ausência de associação entre o nível sócio-econômico e a saúde do idoso. Ao contrário, os resultados deste trabalho mostram que mesmo pequenas diferenças na renda domiciliar são suficientemente sensíveis para identificar idosos com piores condições de saúde e menor acesso aos serviços de saúde no Brasil.The influence of socioeconomic circumstances on senior citizens' health is still controversial. We used data from the 1998 Brazilian National Household Survey (PNAD 1998 to examine this influence. A representative sample of the Brazilian population aged ³ 65 years (n = 19,068 were included in the study. The characteristics of those in the lower quintile of per capita household income were compared with those with higher income (³ 0.67 the Brazilian minimum wage. The lower income group presented worse health conditions (self-rated health, inability to perform routine activities due to a health problem, bedridden conditions, and a report of any disease, and worse physical functioning (level of difficulty in performing selected physical activities, and less frequent use of medical and

  8. Aspectos biológico-pesqueros del pejerrey (Odontesthes regia regia en el puerto de Ilo durante 1996-1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hugo Treviño

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Se analizaron los aspectos biológicos y pesqueros del pejerrey peruano (Odontesthes regia regia población en Ilo, desde enero de 1996 a septiembre de 1998. Las capturas fueron tres veces más alta (72,76 t que las de 1996 hasta 1997, mientras que con el calentamiento de "El Niño" en 1998 éstas se redujeron a 0,62 t. Durante el evento "El Niño 1997-1998" la población mostró también una serie de cambios en la distribución, la reproducción y la composición de la dieta. Estos cambios se asociaron a la incursión de agua subtropical superficial.

  9. Em pauta a produção do Grupo de Trabalho Temático Atividade Física e Saúde do Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte (1997-2011

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Isabel Brandão de Souza Mendes

    Full Text Available Resumo Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo mapear a produção científica do Grupo de Trabalho Temático (GTT Atividade Física e Saúde publicada nos Anais dos Congressos Brasileiros de Ciências do Esporte (Conbrace de 1997 a 2011, com vistas a refletir sobre indicadores epistemológicos. A partir da análise de conteúdo feita destaca-se a pluralidade de estudos sobre saúde em diferentes abordagens científicas, de acordo com cada biênio, tendo um acréscimo dos estudos relacionados às humanidades, principalmente a partir de 2007. Aponta-se a necessidade de uma política científica e de produção do conhecimento em educação física que valorize pesquisas sobre o SUS, tanto por meio do CBCE quanto pelas instituições de ensino superior.

  10. Overview of flue gas treatment in Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Calvo, W.A.P.; Duarte, C.L.; Omi, N.M.; Poli, D.C.R.; Lima, W.

    2011-01-01

    The coal mines in Brazil are primarily located in southern part areas. The total coal reserves are approximately 32.8 billions tons, 89% of which are located in Rio Grande do Sul state. The Brazilian agriculture potentiality is very high, mainly due to the availability of flat land and the existence of industrial capacity to supply the main fertilizers needs. Electron beam flue gas treatment process ensures simultaneous removal of SO 2 and NO X from flue gases by single process, requiring no additional wastewater treatment system and can produce useful nitrogen fertilizer consisting of ammonium sulfate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and ammonium nitrate NH 4 NO 3 as by-products. During the TC Project BRA/8/021 - Pilot Plant for Electron Beam Purification of Flue Gas supported by IAEA (1995-1996), a laboratory facility for electron beam flue gas treatment was set at IPEN. In 1997, an official request from Brazilian Government, Ministry of Science & Technology (MCT) and IPEN was made for the Japan Consulting Institute (JCI) to prepare feasibility studies of air pollution control by electron beam flue gas treatment in three power generation companies. These companies are responsible for the power generation, the transmission and the supply of electricity to Brazil: Jorge Lacerda – Eletrosul Centrais Eletricas do Sul do Brasil S.A., Presidente Medici – Companhia Estadual de Energia Eletrica (CEEE) and Piratininga – AES Eletropaulo Thermal Power Plants. (author)

  11. Overview of flue gas treatment in Brazil

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Calvo, W. A.P.; Duarte, C. L.; Omi, N. M. [National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN), Institute for Nuclear and Energy Research (IPEN), Radiation Technology Center - CTR, Sao Paulo (Brazil); Poli, D. C.R.; Lima, W. [National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN), Institute for Nuclear and Energy Research (IPEN), Cyclotron Accelerator Center - CAC, Sao Paulo (Brazil)

    2011-07-01

    The coal mines in Brazil are primarily located in southern part areas. The total coal reserves are approximately 32.8 billions tons, 89% of which are located in Rio Grande do Sul state. The Brazilian agriculture potentiality is very high, mainly due to the availability of flat land and the existence of industrial capacity to supply the main fertilizers needs. Electron beam flue gas treatment process ensures simultaneous removal of SO{sub 2} and NO{sub X} from flue gases by single process, requiring no additional wastewater treatment system and can produce useful nitrogen fertilizer consisting of ammonium sulfate (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4} and ammonium nitrate NH{sub 4}NO{sub 3} as by-products. During the TC Project BRA/8/021 - Pilot Plant for Electron Beam Purification of Flue Gas supported by IAEA (1995-1996), a laboratory facility for electron beam flue gas treatment was set at IPEN. In 1997, an official request from Brazilian Government, Ministry of Science & Technology (MCT) and IPEN was made for the Japan Consulting Institute (JCI) to prepare feasibility studies of air pollution control by electron beam flue gas treatment in three power generation companies. These companies are responsible for the power generation, the transmission and the supply of electricity to Brazil: Jorge Lacerda – Eletrosul Centrais Eletricas do Sul do Brasil S.A., Presidente Medici – Companhia Estadual de Energia Eletrica (CEEE) and Piratininga – AES Eletropaulo Thermal Power Plants. (author)

  12. Portsmouth annual environmental report for 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-09-01

    The Portsmouth plant is one of two US Department of Energy (DOE)-owned, contractor-managed uranium enrichment facilities in operation. As of July 1, 1993, responsibility for implementing environmental compliance at the facility was split between DOE, as site owner, and the US Enrichment Corporation (USEC), a government-owned corporation formed by the Energy Policy Act of 1992, to operate the nation`s uranium enrichment business. The management contractor for DOE in 1997 was Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, which was responsible for environmental restoration, waste management, removal of highly enriched uranium, and operation of nonleased facilities at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant (DOE/PORTS). A new 5 1/2-year management and integration contract was awarded by DOE to Bechtel Jacobs Company LLC on December 18, 1997. Bechtel Jacobs Company officially assumed management responsibilities on April 1, 1998, when the Lockheed Martin Energy Systems contract expired. Lockheed Martin Utility Services provides management services for USEC. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission assumed direct oversight of USEC operations, formerly a DOE function, in March 1997.

  13. Portsmouth annual environmental report for 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-09-01

    The Portsmouth plant is one of two US Department of Energy (DOE)-owned, contractor-managed uranium enrichment facilities in operation. As of July 1, 1993, responsibility for implementing environmental compliance at the facility was split between DOE, as site owner, and the US Enrichment Corporation (USEC), a government-owned corporation formed by the Energy Policy Act of 1992, to operate the nation's uranium enrichment business. The management contractor for DOE in 1997 was Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, which was responsible for environmental restoration, waste management, removal of highly enriched uranium, and operation of nonleased facilities at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant (DOE/PORTS). A new 5 1/2-year management and integration contract was awarded by DOE to Bechtel Jacobs Company LLC on December 18, 1997. Bechtel Jacobs Company officially assumed management responsibilities on April 1, 1998, when the Lockheed Martin Energy Systems contract expired. Lockheed Martin Utility Services provides management services for USEC. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission assumed direct oversight of USEC operations, formerly a DOE function, in March 1997

  14. Evolução da mortalidade por câncer cérvico-uterino em Salvador - BA, 1979-1997 Evolution of the mortality for cervico-uterine cancer in Salvador - BA, 1979-1997

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susanne Andrade Derossi

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available O câncer cérvico-uterino, quando diagnosticado e tratado precocemente, constitui-se em uma causa de morte perfeitamente evitável. Entretanto, no Brasil, a mortalidade por esta causa ainda é elevada, persistindo como problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a evolução da mortalidade e estimar os anos potenciais e produtivos de vida perdidos por esta neoplasia, em Salvador-Bahia, entre 1979 e 1997. Trata-se de um estudo de agregados de série temporal, no qual foram considerados todos os óbitos de mulheres com idade igual ou superior a 20 anos, que tiveram como causa básica de morte o câncer de colo uterino e de porção não especificada do útero. Utilizou-se como fontes de dados o CD ROM: DATA SUS/ MS, o IBGE e a Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia/SESAB. Os indicadores empregados foram as taxas de mortalidade específicas por idade, brutas e padronizadas por idade. Houve um decréscimo de 50,6% na taxa padronizada de mortalidade por este tipo de câncer, no período analisado, cujos valores variaram de 17,6/100.000 mulheres em 1979 a 8,7 em 1997. Observou-se ainda que o risco de morte por esta causa cresce à medida que aumenta a idade e que a sua magnitude torna-se mais expressiva a partir de 40 anos. A variação da média de anos potenciais de vida perdidos por mulher foi de 15,5 no ano de 1986 a 20,4 em 1980. Os autores concluem que a mortalidade por câncer cérvico-uterino neste município ainda é alta e discutem os possíveis fatores determinantes da evolução desta mortalidade. Destacam a necessidade de ações efetivas na prevenção da morbi-mortalidade por esta causa.When early diagnosed and treated, cervical cancer is a perfectly avoidable cause of death. In Brazil, however, mortality from cervical cancer is still high and remains a public health problem. This study is aimed at both describing the evolution of such mortality and estimating the potential and productive years of life lost due

  15. ITER council proceedings: 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1997-01-01

    This volume of the ITER EDA Documentation Series presents records of the 12th ITER Council Meeting, IC-12, which took place on 23-24 July, 1997 in Tampere, Finland. The Council received from the Parties (EU, Japan, Russia, US) positive responses on the Detailed Design Report. The Parties stated their willingness to contribute to fulfil their obligations in contributing to the ITER EDA. The summary discussions among the Parties led to the consensus that in July 1998 the ITER activities should proceed for additional three years with a general intent to enable an efficient start of possible, future ITER construction

  16. Evaluation of Juvenile Fall Chinook Stranding on the Hanford Reach, 1997-1999 Interim Report.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wagner, Paul; Nugent, John; Price, William (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA)

    1999-02-15

    Pilot work conducted in 1997 to aid the development of the study for the 1998 Evaluation of Juvenile Fall Chinook Stranding on The Hanford Reach. The objectives of the 1997 work were to: (1) identify juvenile chinook production and rearing areas..., (2) identify sampling sites and develop the statistical parameters necessary to complete the study, (3) develop a study plan..., (4) conduct field sampling activities...

  17. Hydrologic resources management program, FY 1998 progress report; FINAL

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Benedict, F.C.; Criss, R.E.; Davisson, M.L.; Eaton, G.F.; Hudson, G.B.; Kenneally, J.M.; Rose, T.P.; Smith, D.

    1999-01-01

    This report presents the results from FY 1998 technical studies conducted by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) as part of the Hydrology and Radionuclide Migration Program (HRMP) and Underground Test Area (UGTA) project. The HRMP is sponsored by Defense Programs (DP) of the U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office (DOE/NV), and supports DP operations at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) through studies of radiochemistry and resource management related to the defense programs mission. Other participating organizations include the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the Desert Research Institute (DRI) of the University of Nevada, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Bechtel-Nevada (BN). The UGTA project is an Environmental Management (EM) activity of DOE/NV that supports a Federal Facilities Agreement and Consent Order between the Department of Energy, the Department of Defense, and the State of Nevada. UGTA's primary function is to address the legacy release of hazardous constituents at the Nevada Test Site, the Tonopah Test Range, and off-Nevada Test Site underground nuclear testing areas. Participating contractors include LLNL (Earth and Environmental Sciences Directorate, Analytical and Nuclear Chemistry Division), LANL, DRI, USGS, BN, HSI-GeoTrans, and IT Corporation. The FY 1998 HRMP and UGTA annual progress report follows the organization and contents of our FY 1997 report (Smith et al., 1998), and includes our results from CY 1997-1998 technical studies of radionuclide migration and isotope hydrology at the Nevada Test Site. During FY 1998, LLNL continued its efforts under the HRMP to pursue a technical agenda relevant to the science-based stockpile stewardship program at DOE/NV. Support to UGTA in FY 1998 included efforts to quantitatively define the radionuclide source term residual from underground nuclear weapons testing and the derivative solution, or hydrologic source

  18. 1997-1998 Annual Review of the 200 West and 200 East area performance assessments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    WOOD, M.I.

    1999-01-01

    An annual review of the 200 West and 200 East Area Performance Assessment (PA) analyses for fiscal year 1998 was completed. Burial ground disposal operations were found to be compliant with performance objectives in DOE Order 5820.2A. Other newly generated information and analyses relevant to PA assumptions and results were summarized. This report was initially submitted to the Department of Energy-Richland Office (DOE-RL) as a letter report in October, 1998

  19. Hipovitaminose A no Brasil: um problema de saúde pública Hypovitaminosis A in Brazil: a public health problem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rejane Andréa Ramalho

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available A deficiência de vitamina A é considerada um dos problemas de saúde pública de fácil prevenção mais importantes em diversos países, inclusive o Brasil. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi revisar a literatura sobre carência de vitamina A publicada entre 1970 e 2000, disponível nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, e avaliar a hipovitaminose A na América Latina e no Brasil. A pesquisa revelou que até os anos 1980, a atenção dada pela saúde pública à vitamina A se concentrou na importância dessa vitamina para a visão. Na segunda metade dessa década, estudos epidemiológicos sugeriram que, em nível populacional, a deficiência sub-clínica de vitamina A também poderia ser deletéria para certas etapas do metabolismo, com grande influência sobre os índices de morbidade e mortalidade infantil. Em todas as regiões brasileiras para as quais existem dados, foi constatada a carência marginal de vitamina A, com alta prevalência em diferentes faixas etárias, o que não se justifica com a tecnologia e os recursos atualmente disponíveis. É preciso que se assuma o compromisso de reduzir a deficiência de vitamina A para garantir o desenvolvimento adequado das próximas gerações.Vitamin A deficiency is considered one of the most important of the easily preventable public health problems in a number of countries, including Brazil. The objective of this study was to review the scientific literature in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases that was published between 1970 and 2000 concerning vitamin A deficiency, and to assess the occurrence of hypovitaminosis A in Latin America, especially Brazil. Our research showed that until around 1980 the public health concerns focused mainly on the importance of vitamin A in ensuring good vision. In the second half of the 1980s, epidemiological studies suggested that, on a population level, subclinical vitamin A deficiency could also have a negative effect on metabolic functions, with a

  20. Annual report to shareholders 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-05-01

    Financial information from Imperial Oil Limited and a review of operations during 1998 was presented for the benefit of shareholders. Imperial is Canada`s largest producer of crude oil, a major producer of natural gas, and the largest refiner and marketer of petroleum products sold mostly under the Esso brand. Imperial is also a major producer of petrochemicals. Revenue and expenditure statements are summarized by source. Financial highlights for 1998 show that Imperial Oil`s earnings totaled a record $554 million. Return on shareholders` equity for the year was 12.9 per cent, down from 18.9 per cent in 1997. The continued weakness in international crude oil markets was the most significant factor affecting Imperial`s business results in 1998. All in all, the company was successful in maintaining its four major priorities of flawless execution, growth in profitable sales volumes, best-in-class cost structure, and improved productivity in asset mix. Imperial remains concerned over issues regarding Canada`s response to potential climate change. The company considers this to be the most important economic public policy issue facing Canada today. tabs., figs.

  1. Slovak power stations (Annual report 1997)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    A brief account of activities carried out by the Slovak power stations, s.a. (SE) in 1997 is presented. These activities are reported under the headings: (1) Foreword of the chairman of the Board of directors; (2) Highlights of 1997; (3) Board of directors; (4) Supervisory board; (5) Organisation structure of SE; (6) Branches of SE; (7) Auditor's report; (8) Balance sheet / Economic balance; (9) Economic results; (10) Analysis of economic result; (11) SE capital investment in other trade companies; (12) Basic data; (13) Management and operation of the Slovak Republic's power system; (14) Labour safety and health, fire protection; (15) Electricity trade; (16) Trade heat; (17) Customer services provided to electricity users (18) Investment programme; (19) Environmental protection; (20) Support of renewable; (21) Nuclear safety; (22) Quality system; (23) International co-operation; (24) Centrel; (25) Information technology; (26) Public relations; (27) Business strategy and development programme; (28) Strategic change programme

  2. NCPV FY 1998 Annual Report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    McConnell, R. D.; Hansen, A.

    1999-07-19

    This report summarizes the in-house and subcontracted research and development (R and D) activities under the National Center for Photovoltaics (NCPV) from October 1, 1997 through September 30, 1998 (FY 1998). The NCPV is part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Photovoltaics Program, as described in the DOE National Photovoltaics Program Plan for 1996-2000. The mission of the DOE National Photovoltaics Program is to make PV a significant part of the domestic economy--as an industry and as an energy resource. The two primary goals of the national program are to (1) maintain the U.S. industry's world leadership in research and technology development and (2) help the U.S. industry remain a major, profitable force in the world market. The NCPV provides leadership and support to the national program toward achieving its mission and goals.

  3. Réponse équilibrée aux besoins en eau dans le bassin du Saïss au ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    ACCA

    par les changements climatiques. Ce projet du programme ACCA met l'accent sur l'agriculture, à l'origine de plus de 82 % de la consommation d'eau dans le bassin. Réponse équilibrée aux besoins en eaudans le bassin du Saïss au Maroc. De petits exploitants agricoles du bassin du Saïss font face aux pénuries d'eau ...

  4. Prostate cancer in South Africa: pathology based national cancer registry data (1986-2006) and mortality rates (1997-2009).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Babb, Chantal; Urban, Margaret; Kielkowski, Danuta; Kellett, Patricia

    2014-01-01

    Prostate cancer is one of the most common male cancers globally; however little is known about prostate cancer in Africa. Incidence data for prostate cancer in South Africa (SA) from the pathology based National Cancer Registry (1986-2006) and data on mortality (1997-2009) from Statistics SA were analysed. World standard population denominators were used to calculate age specific incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR) using the direct method. Prostate cancer was the most common male cancer in all SA population groups (excluding basal cell carcinoma). There are large disparities in the ASIR between black, white, coloured, and Asian/Indian populations: 19, 65, 46, and 19 per 100 000, respectively, and ASMR was 11, 7, 52, and 6 per 100 000, respectively. Prostate cancer was the second leading cause of cancer death, accounting for around 13% of male deaths from a cancer. The average age at diagnosis was 68 years and 74 years at death. For SA the ASIR increased from 16.8 in 1986 to 30.8 in 2006, while the ASMR increased from 12.3 in 1997 to 16.7 in 2009. There has been a steady increase of incidence and mortality from prostate cancer in SA.

  5. Gambling Participation, Expenditure and Risk of Harm in Australia, 1997-1998 and 2010-2011.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Armstrong, Andrew Richard; Thomas, Anna; Abbott, Max

    2018-03-01

    Gambling-related harm results primarily from financial losses. Internationally Australia continues to rank as the largest spending nation per capita on gambling products. This would suggest that Australian gamblers are at disproportionately high risk of harm despite almost two decades of industry scrutiny and regulation, and investment in research, treatment and education programs. However, declines in participation rates, per capita expenditure, household expenditure, national disposable income spent on gambling and problem gambling rates have been cited as evidence that fewer people are gambling, that gamblers are spending less, and that gambling safety in Australia has improved. The current study investigated these propositions using national population and accounts data, and statistics from Australia's two population-representative gambling surveys conducted in 1997-1998 and 2010-2011. Despite a falling participation rate the study found no real change in the number of people gambling overall, and increasing numbers consuming casino table games, race wagering and sports betting. Further found were increases rather than decreases in average gambler expenditure, overall, and across most products, particularly electronic gaming machines (EGMs). Potentially risky levels of average expenditure were observed in both periods, overall and for race wagering, casino table gaming, and EGMs. Changes in the proportion of income spent on gambling suggest risks declined overall and for race wagering and casino table gaming, but increased for EGMs. Finally, while problem gambling statistics were not comparable between periods, the study found double the number of moderate risk gamblers previously estimated for 2010-2011 amongst the 2 million Australians found to have experienced one or more gambling-related problems. The findings have implications for public health policy and resourcing, and the way in which prevalence and expenditure statistics have been interpreted by

  6. Rabies in southeast Brazil: a change in the epidemiological pattern.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Queiroz, Luzia Helena; Favoretto, Silvana Regina; Cunha, Elenice Maria S; Campos, Angélica Cristine A; Lopes, Marissol Cardoso; de Carvalho, Cristiano; Iamamoto, Keila; Araújo, Danielle Bastos; Venditti, Leandro Lima R; Ribeiro, Erica S; Pedro, Wagner André; Durigon, Edison Luiz

    2012-01-01

    This epidemiological study was conducted using antigenic and genetic characterisation of rabies virus isolates obtained from different animal species in the southeast of Brazil from 1993 to 2007. An alteration in the epidemiological profile was observed. One hundred two samples were tested using a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies, and 94 were genetically characterised by sequencing the nucleoprotein gene. From 1993 to 1997, antigenic variant 2 (AgV-2), related to a rabies virus maintained in dog populations, was responsible for rabies cases in dogs, cats, cattle and horses. Antigenic variant 3 (AgV-3), associated with Desmodus rotundus, was detected in a few cattle samples from rural areas. From 1998 to 2007, rabies virus was detected in bats and urban pets, and four distinct variants were identified. A nucleotide similarity analysis resulted in two primary groups comprising the dog and bat antigenic variants and showing the distinct endemic cycles maintained in the different animal species in this region.

  7. Effects of Mitigative Measures on Productivity of White Sturgeon Populations in the Columbia River Downstream from McNary Dam: Determine Status and Habitat Requirements of White Sturgeon Populations in the Columbia and Snake Rivers Upstream from McNary Dam, 1997-1998 Annual Report.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ward, David L. (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Portland, OR)

    1999-02-01

    The authors report on their progress from April 1997 through March 1998 on determining the effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam, and on determining the status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam. The study is a cooperative effort by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW; Report A), Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW; Report B), U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division (USGS; Report C), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS; Report D), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS; Report E), and Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (CRITFC; Report F). This is a multi-year study with many objectives requiring more than one year to complete. Therefore, findings from a given year may be part of more significant findings yet to be reported. Highlights of results of the work from April 1997 through March 1998 listed.

  8. A vigilância sanitária em Feira de Santana no processo de descentralização da saúde (1998-2000

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iraildes Andrade Juliano

    Full Text Available Este estudo analisa a organização da Vigilância Sanitária (Visa de Feira de Santana no processo de descentralização da saúde (1998-2000, apontando avanços e limites no cenário local. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, numa perspectiva histórico-social, cujo recorte espacial foi a Divisão de Vigilância Sanitária da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Os materiais empíricos foram os depoimentos de gestores, técnicos, inspetores sanitários e fontes documentais. A análise evidenciou a ausência de um projeto político para a gestão descentralizada das ações de Visa no município. Aponta limites: (desarticulação com o nível regional, recursos humanos temporários e sem qualificação técnica, dificuldades na utilização do incentivo financeiro, insuficiência de infra-estrutura e interferências políticas. Destaca avanços: cumprimento da Programação Pactuada e Integrada, cadastramento dos estabelecimentos sujeitos à fiscalização sanitária, articulações interinstitucionais. Esse processo necessita da mobilização de sujeitos sociais com capacidade de vocalização para inscrevê-lo numa agenda de prioridades, em prol da qualidade de vida da população.

  9. A vigilância sanitária em Feira de Santana no processo de descentralização da saúde (1998-2000

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliano Iraildes Andrade

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo analisa a organização da Vigilância Sanitária (Visa de Feira de Santana no processo de descentralização da saúde (1998-2000, apontando avanços e limites no cenário local. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, numa perspectiva histórico-social, cujo recorte espacial foi a Divisão de Vigilância Sanitária da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Os materiais empíricos foram os depoimentos de gestores, técnicos, inspetores sanitários e fontes documentais. A análise evidenciou a ausência de um projeto político para a gestão descentralizada das ações de Visa no município. Aponta limites: (desarticulação com o nível regional, recursos humanos temporários e sem qualificação técnica, dificuldades na utilização do incentivo financeiro, insuficiência de infra-estrutura e interferências políticas. Destaca avanços: cumprimento da Programação Pactuada e Integrada, cadastramento dos estabelecimentos sujeitos à fiscalização sanitária, articulações interinstitucionais. Esse processo necessita da mobilização de sujeitos sociais com capacidade de vocalização para inscrevê-lo numa agenda de prioridades, em prol da qualidade de vida da população.

  10. Presidentes e Congresso Nacional no processo decisório da política de saúde no Brasil democrático (1985-1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigues Marta M. Assumpção

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available The article assesses the dynamics of the decision-making process of health policy in Brazil from the viewpoint of Executive-Legislative relations. It examines institutional mechanisms, negotiation strategies and political resources available to introduce, amend and regulate laws in this social arena. It shows that congressional capacity to refine laws proposed by the Executive branch is still limited (particularly due to both the Medidas Provisórias (Provisional Measure and veto power of the Executive, but concludes that the legislative power of Presidents in the area of health must be tempered. After all, during the period under analysis (1985-1998, Congress displayed enough power to approve a growing number of bills and constitutional amendments in the area of health - significantly greater than the Executive?s.

  11. Life Sciences Division progress report for CYs 1997-1998[Oak Ridge National Laboratory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mann, Reinhold C.

    1999-01-01

    This is the first formal progress report issued by the ORNL Life Sciences Division. It covers the period from February 1997 through December 1998, which has been critical in the formation of our new division. The legacy of 50 years of excellence in biological research at ORNL has been an important driver for everyone in the division to do their part so that this new research division can realize the potential it has to make seminal contributions to the life sciences for years to come. This reporting period is characterized by intense assessment and planning efforts. They included thorough scrutiny of our strengths and weaknesses, analyses of our situation with respect to comparative research organizations, and identification of major thrust areas leading to core research efforts that take advantage of our special facilities and expertise. Our goal is to develop significant research and development (R and D) programs in selected important areas to which we can make significant contributions by combining our distinctive expertise and resources in the biological sciences with those in the physical, engineering, and computational sciences. Significant facilities in mouse genomics, mass spectrometry, neutron science, bioanalytical technologies, and high performance computing are critical to the success of our programs. Research and development efforts in the division are organized in six sections. These cluster into two broad areas of R and D: systems biology and technology applications. The systems biology part of the division encompasses our core biological research programs. It includes the Mammalian Genetics and Development Section, the Biochemistry and Biophysics Section, and the Computational Biosciences Section. The technology applications part of the division encompasses the Assessment Technology Section, the Environmental Technology Section, and the Toxicology and Risk Analysis Section. These sections are the stewards of the division's core competencies. The

  12. Life Sciences Division progress report for CYs 1997-1998 [Oak Ridge National Laboratory

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mann, Reinhold C.

    1999-06-01

    This is the first formal progress report issued by the ORNL Life Sciences Division. It covers the period from February 1997 through December 1998, which has been critical in the formation of our new division. The legacy of 50 years of excellence in biological research at ORNL has been an important driver for everyone in the division to do their part so that this new research division can realize the potential it has to make seminal contributions to the life sciences for years to come. This reporting period is characterized by intense assessment and planning efforts. They included thorough scrutiny of our strengths and weaknesses, analyses of our situation with respect to comparative research organizations, and identification of major thrust areas leading to core research efforts that take advantage of our special facilities and expertise. Our goal is to develop significant research and development (R&D) programs in selected important areas to which we can make significant contributions by combining our distinctive expertise and resources in the biological sciences with those in the physical, engineering, and computational sciences. Significant facilities in mouse genomics, mass spectrometry, neutron science, bioanalytical technologies, and high performance computing are critical to the success of our programs. Research and development efforts in the division are organized in six sections. These cluster into two broad areas of R&D: systems biology and technology applications. The systems biology part of the division encompasses our core biological research programs. It includes the Mammalian Genetics and Development Section, the Biochemistry and Biophysics Section, and the Computational Biosciences Section. The technology applications part of the division encompasses the Assessment Technology Section, the Environmental Technology Section, and the Toxicology and Risk Analysis Section. These sections are the stewards of the division's core competencies. The

  13. Infrared Solar Spectroscopic Measurements of Free Tropospheric CO, C2H6, and HCN above Mauna Loa, Hawaii: Seasonal Variations and Evidence for Enhanced Emissions from the Southeast Asian Tropical Fires of 1997-1998

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rinsland, C. P.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Stephen, T. M.; Pougatchev, N. S.; Fishman, J.; David, S. J.; Blatherwick, R. D.; Novelli, P. C.; Jones, N. B.

    1999-01-01

    High spectral resolution (0.003 per cm) infrared solar absorption measurements of CO, C2H6, and HCN have been recorded at the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change station on Mauna Loa, Hawaii, (19.5N, 155.6W, altitude 3.4 km). The observations were obtained on over 250 days between August 1995 and February 1998. Column measurements are reported for the 3.4-16 km altitude region, which corresponds approximately to the free troposphere above the station. Average CO mixing ratios computed for this layer have been compared with flask sampling CO measurements obtained in situ at the station during the same time period. Both show asymmetrical seasonal cycles superimposed on significant variability. The first 2 years of observations exhibit a broad January-April maximum and a sharper CO minimum during late summer. The C2H6 and CO 3.4-16 km columns were highly correlated throughout the observing period with the C2H6/CO slope intermediate between higher and lower values derived from similar infrared spectroscopic measurements at 32'N and 45'S latitude, respectively. Variable enhancements in CO, C2H6, and particularly HCN were observed beginning in about September 1997. The maximum HCN free tropospheric monthly mean column observed in November 1997 corresponds to an average 3.4-16 km mixing ratio of 0.7 ppbv (1 ppbv = 10(exp -9) per unit volume), more than a factor of 3 above the background level. The HCN enhancements continued through the end of the observational series. Back-trajectory calculations suggest that the emissions originated at low northern latitudes in southeast Asia. Surface CO mixing ratios and the C2H6 tropospheric columns measured during the same time also showed anomalous autumn 1997 maxima. The intense and widespread tropical wild fires that burned during the strong El Nino warm phase of 1997- 1998 are the likely source of the elevated emission products.

  14. Annual report 1998, activities in fiscal 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-12-01

    NUPEC was founded in March, 1976 under the initiative of scholars and private corporations including electric power companies, electric machinery and general construction companies. Ever since, NUPEC has been proceeding with its operations to meet the needs of the times with the support and cooperation of the government and academic circles. The specific activities so far include solving problems in the initial stage of light water reactors(LWRs) operation, engineering tests for improvement and standardization programs to develop domestic LWRs, seismic technology development and testing, assistance with accident analysis during safety examinations by government agency, human factor research, safety analysis of nuclear facilities, research of safety-related information, countermeasures for aging of LWRs and public acceptance activities. For such purposes, NUPEC has engineering laboratories in Tadotsu, Takasago, Isogo and Katsuta as well as a high performance parallel computer system for safety analysis at its headquarters. Among these facilities, the large-scale high-performance shaking table at Tadotsu Engineering Laboratory is attracting international attention for its capability for seismic testing. NUPEC is actively promoting international cooperation with international organizations and partners in the U.S., France, Germany, Russia and Asian countries through joint projects, information exchange, etc. NUPEC's testing and analysis have contributed to improvement of safety and credibility of Nuclear power generation and to establishment and improvement of Japanese-originated LWR technology. A summary of our achievements in fiscal 1997 is presented in this annual report. (J.P.N.)

  15. A comparison of sea surface salinity in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1997-1998, 2012-2013, and 2014-2015 ENSO events

    Science.gov (United States)

    Corbett, Caroline M.; Subrahmanyam, Bulusu; Giese, Benjamin S.

    2017-11-01

    Sea surface salinity (SSS) variability during the 1997-1998 El Niño event and the failed 2012-2013 and 2014-2015 El Niño events is explored using a combination of observations and ocean reanalyses. Previously, studies have mainly focused on the sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) variability. This analysis utilizes salinity data from Argo and the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis to examine the SSS variability. Advective processes and evaporation minus precipitation (E-P) variability is understood to influence SSS variability. Using surface wind, surface current, evaporation, and precipitation data, we analyze the causes for the observed SSS variability during each event. Barrier layer thickness and upper level salt content are also examined in connection to subsurface salinity variability. Both advective processes and E-P variability are important during the generation and onset of a successful El Niño, while a lack of one or both of these processes leads to a failed ENSO event.

  16. Recycling of actinides and nuclear waste products. Annual report of the research programme 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Konings, R.J.M.; Bakker, K.; Boerrigter, H.; Damen, P.G.M.; Gruppelaar, H.; Huntelaar, M.E.; Kloosterman, J.L.

    1998-07-01

    The research program on the title subject started in 1994 and is planned to be completed in 1998. In this period several technical and scientific aspects of recycling and transmutation are investigated in different projects. The results of the 1997 projects, carried out in the period July 1997 to June 1998, are summarized and described in this report. The 1997 projects concern (1) transmutation of actinides in inert matrices with the aim to design, test and characterize uranium-free fission materials for the transmutation of actinides, both for single as for multiple recycling strategies; (2) scenario studies for plutonium recycling with the aim to gain insight into the possibilities to reduce plutonium reserves by using plutonium as a fissionable material in reactors; (3) transmutation by means of accelerator-driven systems with the aim to analyze the options for the burning of plutonium in accelerator-driven, thorium-based systems; and (4) separation of actinides and lanthanides by means of Supported Liquid Membranes with the aim to study the possibility to extract americium from nuclear waste materials. refs

  17. Results of Soil Vapor Sampling at SA 6, McClellan Air Force Base, California

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    1998-01-01

    ...) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination in site soil. The soil vapor sampling event was performed in accordance with the Final Sampling and Analysis Plan to Support Recommendation for No Further Investigation at SA 6 (Parsons ES, 1998...

  18. Saúde e comunidades quilombolas: uma revisão da literatura Health and quilombolas communities

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Antunes Freitas

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available TEMA: os quilombos fazem parte de uma época triste da história do Brasil. A escravidão deixou profundas marcas no país; feridas que ainda insistem em não cicatrizar. Neste enredo de exclusão, desigualdades e racismo institucionalizado, emergem as comunidades de remanescentes quilombolas, lutando por acesso e políticas inclusivas para suas populações. O acesso em saúde no Brasil é, ainda, uma questão muito polêmica desde a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde. As populações quilombolas reivindicam direito à saúde plena e integral. OBJETIVO: apresentar aos profissionais de saúde uma reflexão sobre as questões pertinentes às populações quilombolas e suas dificuldades na defesa de seus direitos de acesso à atenção em saúde. CONCLUSÃO: são evidentes na trajetória do SUS no Brasil as grandes falhas na inclusão de pessoas historicamente marginalizadas, alijando-as do processo de crescimento humano e social. As políticas públicas em saúde devem buscar a equidade por meio da atenção inclusiva a grupos especiais, de maneira especial à comunidades quilombolas brasileiras.BACKGROUND: Quilombos are part of a sad time in the history of Brazil. Slavery has left deep marks in the country; wounds that still insist on not healing. In this story of exclusion, inequality and institutionalized racism, emerging communities of afro-descendents, fighting for access and inclusion policies for their populations. Access to health care in Brazil is still a very controversial issue since the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS. The quilombolas claim full right and access to complete health care. PURPOSE: to introduce health professionals to reflect on issues relevant to the said populations and their difficulties in defending their rights of access to health care. CONCLUSION: it is evident in the trajectory of SUS in Brazil that there are major flaws in the inclusion of historically marginalized people, jettisoning them in the

  19. Trends in antibiotic utilization in eight Latin American countries, 1997-2007.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wirtz, Veronika J; Dreser, Anahí; Gonzales, Ralph

    2010-03-01

    To describe the trends in antibiotic utilization in eight Latin American countries between 1997-2007 We analyzed retail sales data of oral and injectable antibiotics (World Health Organization (WHO) Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code J01) between 1997 and 2007 for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Antibiotics were aggregated and utilization was calculated for all antibiotics (J01); for macrolides, lincosamindes, and streptogramins (J01 F); and for quinolones (J01 M). The kilogram sales of each antibiotic were converted into defined daily dose per 1 000 inhabitants per day (DID) according to the WHO ATC classification system. We calculated the absolute change in DID and relative change expressed in percent of DID variation, using 1997 as a reference Total antibiotic utilization has increased in Peru, Venezuela, Uruguay, and Brazil, with the largest relative increases observed in Peru (5.58 DID, +70.6%) and Venezuela (4.81 DID, +43.0%). For Mexico (-2.43 DID; -15.5%) and Colombia (-4.10; -33.7%), utilization decreased. Argentina and Chile showed major reductions in antibiotic utilization during the middle of this period. In all countries, quinolone use increased, particularly sharply in Venezuela (1.86 DID, +282%). The increase in macrolide, lincosaminde, and streptogramin use was greatest in Peru (0.76 DID, +82.1%), followed by Brazil, Argentina, and Chile Analyzing antibiotic utilization in Latin America presents a series of challenges. Creating policy-relevant evidence based on antimicrobial consumption patterns is needed in order to foster policies aimed at improving appropriate use of antibiotics in the region.

  20. Tendência secular do peso ao nascer na cidade de São Paulo (1976-1998 Secular trends in birth weight in S. Paulo city, Brazil (1976-1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Augusto Monteiro

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Resgatar a tendência secular da distribuição do peso ao nascer na cidade de São Paulo, SP, bem como examinar suas possíveis causas, com base em dados coletados por dois inquéritos domiciliares sobre condições de saúde na infância realizados em 1984/85 e em 1995/96, complementados por informações procedentes de levantamento de prontuários de maternidades e por informações do Sistema Estadual de Declarações de Nascidos Vivos. MÉTODOS: Os inquéritos domiciliares estudaram amostras probabilísticas da população infantil de São Paulo com idade inferior a cinco anos (n=1.016 em 1984/85; n=1.280 em 1995/96. O levantamento de prontuários estudou uma amostra probabilística dos partos ocorridos nas maternidades da cidade no ano de 1976 (n=5.734. As declarações de nascidos vivos referem-se às coortes de crianças nascidas na cidade entre 1993 e 1998 (cerca de 200 mil crianças por ano. O estudo da distribuição social do peso ao nascer levou em conta a renda familiar per capita e a escolaridade materna. A estratégia analítica para estudar os determinantes da tendência secular do peso ao nascer empregou modelos hierárquicos de causalidade, análises multivariadas de regressão e procedimentos análogos aos utilizados para calcular riscos atribuíveis populacionais. RESULTADOS/CONCLUSÕES: A distribuição do peso ao nascer na cidade de São Paulo (média de 3.160 g com 8,9% de pesos OBJECTIVE: Data from two household surveys on infant and child health status undertaken in the mid-80s and mid-90s, complemented with previous data collected from maternity hospitals records and more recent data provided by the state system on birth registries, allowed to characterize and analyse secular trends in birth weight in the city of S. Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The household surveys included random samples of children under 5 years old (n=1,016 children in 1984-85 and n=1,280 children in 1995-96. A random sample of births that

  1. Saúde e ambiente: as doenças emergentes no Brasil Health and environment: emergent diseases in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta G. Pignatti

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo faz uma revisão das principais abordagens teóricas da área da Saúde em relação ao estudo das doenças resultantes das mudanças ambientais e a ocorrência de doenças emergentes no Brasil. Apresenta, de forma geral, a dinâmica de transmissão de doenças como a dengue, as leishmanioses, a febre maculosa, a cólera, a malária. Aponta para a necessidade de estudos interdisciplinares e estratégias políticas integradas.This article is a critical review on the main Health theories concerned with diseases resulting from environmental changes and the occurrence of some infectious diseases in Brazil. It addresses the relationship between urbanization, human migration, life quality, institutional intervention policy and the emergence of dengue, cholera, malaria, spot fever, and leishmaniasis. In conclusion, it points out the necessity of carrying out interdisciplinary studies and integrated political strategies.

  2. Tendência temporal de asma em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil no período de 1998 a 2008 Tendencia temporal de asma en niños y adolescentes en Brasil en el período de 1998 a 2008 Time trend of asthma in children and adolescents in Brazil, 1998-2008

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando César Wehrmeister

    2012-04-01

    fue observado en la región Sureste y Norte (1,4%. Entre el grupo de adolescentes, la prevalencia de asma fue de 4,4% en 1998, 5,0% en 2003 y 5,5% en 2008, con aumento de 2,2% al año. En la región Noreste, el aumento anual en la prevalencia de asma fue de 3,5%. Los mayores incrementos fueron observados entre los varones y entre habitantes de la zona rural. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de el asma presentar una disminución en países en desarrollo, en Brasil, los resultados señalan un incremento del asma entre niños y adolescentes en el período de 1998 y 2008, especialmente en la zona rural.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trends in asthma prevalence in children and adolescents between 1998 and 2008 in Brazil. METHODS: Data on asthma prevalence from the 1998, 2003 and 2008 National Household Sample Surveys were analyzed. The sample was comprised of 141,402, 144,443 and 134,032 individuals in 1998, 2003 and 2008, respectively, and the analysis was adjusted for the sample design. Trends in asthma prevalence were described for sex, Brazilian regions and place of residence of children (zero to nine years of age and adolescents (ten to 19 years of age. RESULTS: The prevalence of asthma in children was 7.7% in 1998, 8.1% in 2003 and 8.5% in 2008, with an annual increase of 1%. The highest annual increase was observed in the Southeast and North regions (1.4%. Among adolescents, the prevalence of asthma was 4.4% in 1998, 5.0% in 2003 and 5.5% in 2008, with an increase of 2.2% per year. In the Northeast region, the annual increase in the prevalence of asthma was 3.5%. The greatest increases were observed in boys and in residents of rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: Although asthma has decreased in some developing countries, the results found in Brazil point to an increase in this disease in children and adolescents between 1998 and 2008, especially in rural areas.

  3. Bernardo Alberto Houssay (1887-1971) : sa contribution à la physiologie hypophysaire

    OpenAIRE

    VALDES SOCIN, Hernan Gonzalo

    2018-01-01

    Il y a bientôt 70 ans, en 1947, Bernardo Alberto Houssay recevait un télégramme en provenance de Stockholm à son domicile, à Buenos Aires. Il lui était annoncé sa nomination au Prix Nobel de Médecine ou Physiologie, pour ses découvertes sur le rôle de l’antéhypophyse sur la régulation du métabolisme glucidique. Ce prix Nobel sera partagé le 10 décembre de cette année avec Gerty et Carl Cori (pour leurs découvertes sur les voies métaboliques du glycogène). Sa vie et son œuvre, que nous remémor...

  4. Educação permanente com os auxiliares de enfermagem da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Sobral, Ceará Continuing education with nursing assistants from the Family Health Strategy in Sobral, Ceará

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aldiania Carlos Balbino

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available A proposta da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde (PNEPS é a formação e o desenvolvimento dos trabalhadores para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS. A partir desse pressuposto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção dos auxiliares de enfermagem sobre o processo de Educação Permanente (EP que vem sendo realizado pela Escola de Formação em Saúde da Família Visconde de Sabóia (EFSFVS em Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Desenvolveu-se um estudo exploratório-descritivo de natureza qualitativa com dez auxiliares de enfermagem que participaram pelo menos uma vez das atividades de EP desenvolvidas pela Coordenação de EP de Sobral. Os dados foram coletados por meio da técnica de grupo focal, e os resultados, analisados a partir do discurso do sujeito coletivo. Os resultados evidenciaram que houve mudanças na prática dos auxiliares de enfermagem após a inserção destes nas atividades de EP através do apoderamento e aperfeiçoamento de competências (habilidades, atitudes e conhecimentos. Destarte, faz-se necessária a permanência desses trabalhadores no processo de EP, assim como de avaliação sistemática nesse processo, para que se alcance uma prática profissional eficiente e transformadora, pelo aprender constante, qualificando a atenção à saúde.The proposal set forth by the National Policy on Continuing Education in Health (PNEPS is to train and develop workers for the Unified Health System (SUS. Based on this assumption, the purpose of this study was to analyze the perceptions nursing assistants have about the Continuing Education (CE process being carried out by the Visconde de Sabóia School for Education in Family Health (EFSFVS, in Sobral, state of Ceará, Brazil. A qualitative descriptive-exploratory study was undertaken involving ten nursing assistants who participated at least once in the CE activities undertaken by the Sobral CE Coordination. Data were collected through focus group techniques, and

  5. Fast reactor development program in France in 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Langrand, J.C.; Hubert, G.; Marmonier, P.; Del Negro, R.; Saint-Arroman, G.; Coulon, P.; Mesnage, B.; Pillon, S.; Lefevre, J.C.

    1998-01-01

    The operating performance of the French nuclear plants in 1997 were again satisfactory, confirming the good 1996 results; 78% of the national electricity production was of nuclear origin (376/481 TWh); the nuclear safety indicators were even better with a slight decrease in the number of reported incidents; the availability factor was higher than 82,5%; the kWh production cost continue to decrease by about 1,7% per year; thanks to an ALARA approach, individual and collective doses are still decreasing; the liquid and gaseous releases are also still decreasing and the volume of nuclear wastes is equivalent to last year. The major event of 1997 was the confirmation for the start up of the most advanced nuclear plants, N4 type, with Chooz B1 reaching full power on May 9, 1997 and Chooz B2 following soon with first criticality on March 10 and full power on September 18. As a confirmation and enjoying the experience of Chooz B the first unit of Civaux was synchronised to the grid end of 1997 after fuel loading in Sept 1997. The status of fast reactors was deeply modified, with the governmental decision to abandon Superphenix, which led to decide to close also EFR studies in 1997, and the perspective of operating Phenix till 2004, mainly for studies on radioactive wastes incineration. Three meetings were held during the second half of the year by the > (GP - Permanent Committee) on Phenix; after reviewing all the safety aspects, they concluded to the possibility to resume operation according to the general following scheme: one cycle in 1998, about one year for works, then 6 cycles between 2000 and 2004. Of course, the main event concerning Superphenix is the decision of abandon announced in June 1997. The decree allowing operation had been cancelled in February. The works foreseen in the frame of the planned > shutdown had been conducted satisfactorily, during the first-half of the year. At the beginning of 1998, it was stated that the reactor would not operate again

  6. A saúde mental infantil na Saúde Pública brasileira: situação atual e desafios Child mental health and Public Health in Brazil: current situation and challenges

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Cristina Ventura Couto

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar a situação atual de desenvolvimento da política pública brasileira de saúde mental infantil e juvenil, com foco nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-juvenil e na rede intersetorial potencial de atenção à saúde mental infantil e juvenil que engloba outras políticas relacionadas à criança e ao adolescente em âmbito nacional. MÉTODO: Análise de publicações e dados oficiais do governo brasileiro sobre a implantação e/ou distribuição de serviços públicos nacionais relacionados à criança e ao adolescente. RESULTADOS: A política brasileira de saúde mental infantil e juvenil tem como ação central a implementação de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil para atendimento dos casos de transtornos mentais que envolvem prejuízos funcionais severos e persistentes. Existe uma rede intersetorial potencial de cuidado que pode se efetivar com a articulação das ações específicas de saúde mental infantil e juvenil nos setores da saúde geral/atenção básica, educação, assistência social e justiça/direitos. Esta articulação será de grande importância para o atendimento de problemas mais freqüentes, que envolvem prejuízos mais pontuais. DISCUSSÃO: No Brasil, o incremento do sistema de cuidados depende da expansão da rede de serviços de saúde mental infantil e juvenil, dos mais aos menos especializados, e de sua articulação efetiva com outros setores públicos dedicados ao cuidado da infância e adolescência.OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze current developments in the Brazilian child and adolescent mental health public policy, focusing on the Centers for Psychosocial Care for Children and Adolescents and in a potential child and adolescent mental health care system, derived from other child and adolescent public policies in the national context. METHOD: Examination of publications and official data produced by the Brazilian government about the implementation

  7. Prevalence and factors associated with breastfeeding in brazil between the years 1998 and 2013: a systematic review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberta Tognollo Borotta Uema

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available The study aimed to compare the prevalence and the determinants of breastfeeding in different cities and states in Brazil, based on researches which used similar methodology to the one proposed by the Breastfeeding and Municipalities Project. To this end, we performed a systematic review and a search for articles in the Lilacs, SciELO, Cochrane, Bdenf, Medline and PubMed through the keywords breastfeeding/aleitamento materno, prevalence/prevalência, indicators/indicadores, cross-sectional studies/estudos transversais, nutrition surveys/inquéritos nutricionais, diet surveys/inquéritos alimentares and Brazil/Brasil, in the period between 1998 and 2013. Twenty-seven articles were selected, 8 of which presented the prevalence of breastfeeding in children under one year of age, 11 in children under four months, 10 in children under six months, 07 in children under four and six months and 04 articles of the temporal trends of breastfeeding. The articles analyzed the association between breastfeeding and maternal variables such as age, education, occupation, parity, mode of delivery, number of prenatal visits, income, and maternity leave. Regarding the variables of the infant, the most studied factors were: pacifier use, birth weight, birth in institutions participating in the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative, bottle feeding, introduction of other milk and tea, breastfeeding in the first 24 hours of life and sex. The results indicate the need for evaluation and understanding about the effectiveness of existing actions, and the creation of strategies to encourage and support breastfeeding, especially to first-time mothers, teenagers, worker mothers and the ones with difficulties handling breastfeeding initiation.

  8. Prostate Cancer in South Africa: Pathology Based National Cancer Registry Data (1986–2006 and Mortality Rates (1997–2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chantal Babb

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Prostate cancer is one of the most common male cancers globally; however little is known about prostate cancer in Africa. Incidence data for prostate cancer in South Africa (SA from the pathology based National Cancer Registry (1986–2006 and data on mortality (1997–2009 from Statistics SA were analysed. World standard population denominators were used to calculate age specific incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR using the direct method. Prostate cancer was the most common male cancer in all SA population groups (excluding basal cell carcinoma. There are large disparities in the ASIR between black, white, coloured, and Asian/Indian populations: 19, 65, 46, and 19 per 100 000, respectively, and ASMR was 11, 7, 52, and 6 per 100 000, respectively. Prostate cancer was the second leading cause of cancer death, accounting for around 13% of male deaths from a cancer. The average age at diagnosis was 68 years and 74 years at death. For SA the ASIR increased from 16.8 in 1986 to 30.8 in 2006, while the ASMR increased from 12.3 in 1997 to 16.7 in 2009. There has been a steady increase of incidence and mortality from prostate cancer in SA.

  9. Características da oferta de contracepção de emergência na rede básica de saúde do Recife, Nordeste do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Benita Alves da Silva Spinelli

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as características da utilização da contracepção de emergência (CE em unidades de saúde da família (USF da cidade do Recife entre março e setembro de 2011. O questionário foi respondido por 234 profissionais, 154 enfermeiros e 80 médicos selecionados por amostragem aleatória em 117 USF. Quase todos os profissionais (90,6% informaram disponibilidade da CE na USF; médico e/ou enfermeiro foram os principais dispensadores (73,9% e 27,4% conheciam a estratégia de distribuição através do “kit saúde da mulher”. Apesar de 85,0% dos profissionais já terem prescrito a CE, apenas 8,5% a consideram como direito da mulher. A maioria (80,7% conhecia o manual de Planejamento Familiar do Ministério da Saúde e cerca de metade (51,2% conhecia o manual de Direitos Reprodutivos do município. Entre os entrevistados, 51,3% conheciam o correto mecanismo de ação e 77,4% costumam informar às mulheres sobre CE. Os principais motivos para não informar foram: “falta de oportunidade” (10,0% para os médicos e “para evitar que se tornem rotina” (6,5% para os enfermeiros. Metade dos profissionais (50,0% informaram prescrever nas três situações preconizadas (relação desprotegida, estupro e falha do método contraceptivo em uso e 65,8% concordam que a religião interfere na decisão da prescrição/orientação. Os profissionais de saúde demonstraram ter conhecimento técnico suficiente para prescrever a CE, porém não a reconhecem como um direito das mulheres. Além disso, consideram que a influência religiosa pode interferir na decisão da prescrição e no uso da CE pelas mulheres.

  10. Ku Klux Rising: Toward an Understanding of American Right Wing Terrorist Campaigns

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-09-01

    leadership of Adolf Hitler and his paramilitary Sturm Abteilung (SA); even Japanese succumbed to the ideas of the Society for the Preservation of the...Jihad (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2008). 634 Tony Kaye, “American History X,” (United States: New Line Cinema , 1998). 241 and respected...Summer 1997). 262 Kaye, Tony. “American History X.” United States: New Line Cinema , 1998. Keefer, Philip, and Norman Loayza. Terrorism, Economic

  11. Nye County Nuclear Waste Repository Project Office independent scientific investigations program annual report, May 1997 - April 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-07-01

    This annual summary report, prepared by the Nye County Nuclear Waste Repository Project Office (NWRPO), summarizes the activities that were performed during the period from May 1, 1997 to April 30, 1998. These activities were conducted in support of the Independent Scientific Investigation Program (ISIP) of Nye County at the Yucca Mountain Site (YMS). The Nye County NWRPO is responsible for protecting the health and safety of the Nye County residents. NWRPO's on-site representative is responsible for designing and implementing the Independent Scientific Investigation Program (ISIP). Major objectives of the ISIP include: Investigating key issues related to conceptual design and performance of the repository that can have major impact on human health, safety, and the environment; identifying areas not being addressed adequately by the Department of Energy (DOE). Nye County has identified several key scientific issues of concern that may affect repository design and performance which were not being adequately addressed by DOE. Nye County has been conducting its own independent study to evaluate the significance of these issues. This report summarizes the results of monitoring from two boreholes and the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) tunnel that have been instrumented by Nye County since March and April of 1995. The preliminary data and interpretations presented in this report do not constitute and should not be considered as the official position of Nye County. The ISIP presently includes borehole and tunnel instrumentation, monitoring, data analysis, and numerical modeling activities to address the concerns of Nye County

  12. Nye County Nuclear Waste Repository Project Office independent scientific investigations program annual report, May 1997--April 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-07-01

    This annual summary report, prepared by the Nye County Nuclear Waste Repository Project Office (NWRPO), summarizes the activities that were performed during the period from May 1, 1997 to April 30, 1998. These activities were conducted in support of the Independent Scientific Investigation Program (ISIP) of Nye County at the Yucca Mountain Site (YMS). The Nye County NWRPO is responsible for protecting the health and safety of the Nye County residents. NWRPO`s on-site representative is responsible for designing and implementing the Independent Scientific Investigation Program (ISIP). Major objectives of the ISIP include: Investigating key issues related to conceptual design and performance of the repository that can have major impact on human health, safety, and the environment; identifying areas not being addressed adequately by the Department of Energy (DOE). Nye County has identified several key scientific issues of concern that may affect repository design and performance which were not being adequately addressed by DOE. Nye County has been conducting its own independent study to evaluate the significance of these issues. This report summarizes the results of monitoring from two boreholes and the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) tunnel that have been instrumented by Nye County since March and April of 1995. The preliminary data and interpretations presented in this report do not constitute and should not be considered as the official position of Nye County. The ISIP presently includes borehole and tunnel instrumentation, monitoring, data analysis, and numerical modeling activities to address the concerns of Nye County.

  13. Incorporação da saúde ocupacional à rede primária de saúde Integration of occupational health measures into the health system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diogo Pupo Nogueira

    1984-12-01

    Full Text Available Os trabalhadores em geral constituem uma das frações mais importantes das comunidades e a proteção à sua saúde é elemento indispensável para o desenvolvimento social e econômico dos países. Muito tem sido feito, em todo o mundo, para proteger os trabalhadores contra acidentes do trabalho e doenças profissionais, mas muito pouco tem sido feito no sentido de se estudar o efeito do trabalho sobre doenças de natureza não-profissionais. Essa situação é especialmente grave quando se considera os trabalhadores de médias e pequenas empresas e os trabalhadores rurais que, em geral, não tem acesso aos centros de saúde ocupacional e que procuram atendimento para seus problemas de saúde na rede primária de saúde. Tal situação levou a Organização Mundial da Saúde a propor, a todos os países, especialmente os em desenvolvimento, que desenvolvam programas especiais de proteção à saúde dos trabalhadores a serem levados a efeito pela rede geral de saúde, especialmente pelos Centros de Saúde, quando existentes. São apresentados exemplos de planos-piloto já realizados em alguns países em desenvolvimento, e mesmo no Brasil, recomendando-se que o Brasil passe a adotar essa estratégia para proteger integralmente a saúde de seus trabalhadores conforme o propõe aquela agencia internacional.Workers in general constitute one of the most important parts of the community and, their health is therefore, an essential element in social and economic development. Much is being done throughout the world to protect workers against accidents at work and occupational diseases, but very little is being done to study the effects of work on non-occupational diseases. This situation is specially serious regarding workers of medium and small undertakings and agricultural workers, who, specially in developing countries, have no access whatsoever to occupational health centers and who usually are attended to by their countries' general health system

  14. Políticas de saúde e alegações de propriedades funcionais e de saúde para alimentos no Brasil Health policies and functional property and health claims for food in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo César Stringheta

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho estabelece a relação entre as diretrizes das políticas públicas de saúde brasileiras e os critérios adotados pela Anvisa para aprovação das alegações de propriedades funcionais e, ou, de saúde para alimentos e para substâncias bioativas e probióticos isolados. Comenta a legislação brasileira sobre alimentos com alegações de propriedades funcionais e, ou, de saúde, novos alimentos e substâncias bioativas e probióticos isolados, evidenciando a obrigatoriedade de registro destes produtos junto aos órgãos competentes. Apresenta as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição, Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde, Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira e Estratégia Global sobre Dieta, Atividade Física e Saúde da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Ressalta a convergência das diretrizes destas políticas que objetivam a redução das doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis na população através da promoção da alimentação saudável e da atividade física. Destaca as orientações direcionadas aos governos e à indústria para a implementação dessas medidas. Apresenta critérios de avaliação da base científica das alegações propostos por órgãos internacionais. Objetiva oferecer subsídios para o entendimento da influência da tecnologia de alimentos sobre a saúde pública e para o entendimento dos critérios adotados pela Anvisa, na avaliação das alegações de propriedades funcionais e de saúde.This article establishes the relationship between public health policies in Brazil and the criteria adopted by Anvisa for the approval of functional property claims and, or, of health for food and for bioactive substances and isolated products. It also comments on Brazilian Legislation about functional property claimed food and, or, on healthy claimed food, new foods, bioactive substances and isolated probiotics, emphasizing the obligation to registering such products before the

  15. Revista de Saúde Pública: 50 years disseminating the knowledge in nutrition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosely Sichieri

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT This work describes and comments on articles in the area of Public Health Nutrition published in Revista de Saúde Pública (RSP – Public Health Journal from 1967 to 2016. We searched in the PubMed database restricted to the periodical “Revista de Saúde Pública” and using terms related to key topics in the area of Public Health Nutrition. We retrieved 742 articles and, after exclusion of duplicates and articles unrelated to the subject, we analyzed 441 articles, grouped according to subject: dental caries, anemia, hypovitaminosis A, macro/micronutrients, malnutrition, nutritional assessment, overweight/obesity, food consumption, low birthweight, and breastfeeding. We observed significant increase in the number of articles published and diversification of subjects addressed over the 50 years, representing the consistent development of the scientific field of Nutrition in Brazil. Since its inception, RSP has played an important role in the dissemination of knowledge about the main nutritional issues in Brazil.

  16. Políticas de saúde materna no Brasil: os nexos com indicadores de saúde materno-infantil Maternal health policies in Brazil: relations to maternal and child health indicators

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edson Theodoro dos Santos Neto

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Desde o início do processo de medicalização diversos esforços ocorreram para a perpetuação da força de trabalho. Uma das medidas para o exercício do controle estatal foi a institucionalização do parto. Com isso, o entendimento sobre os processos fisiológicos e patológicos referentes à gestante, ao parto e ao recém-nascido avançou nos campos científico e tecnológico, permitindo a intervenção médica para melhoria das condições de saúde materno-infantil. O presente estudo se propõe a identificar as principais legislações que fundamentaram a formulação e a execução de políticas públicas para a saúde materno-infantil no Brasil, a partir da década de 1980, além de estabelecer as relações dessas políticas com indicadores de mortalidade materna e neonatal, no período de 1996 a 2005. Uma pesquisa documental foi realizada para identificar as principais legislações aprovadas e políticas implementadas pelo Ministério da Saúde relacionadas à saúde materno-infantil; enquanto os dados referentes aos indicadores de saúde foram coletados nas bases de dados do SINASC e SIM e disponibilizados on-line. Concluiu-se que as políticas públicas geradas no seio da sociedade pelos movimentos sociais na década de 1980, apesar de seus limites, culminaram na consolidação de diversas leis e programas de saúde voltados à atenção materno-infantil e estas tiveram papel importante na organização dos sistemas e serviços de saúde, de modo a refletir na melhoria dos indicadores de mortalidade neonatal nos anos 1990 e 2000. Entretanto, a persistência dos elevados índices de mortalidade materna leva ao questionamento inevitável de que as políticas de gênero não têm conseguido êxito tão significativo.Since the beginning of the medicalization process, there has been a huge effort towards the maintenance of the working force. One of the measures taken to control the work forces was the institutionalization of delivery

  17. Simulation of the Onset of the Southeast Asian Monsoon during 1997 and 1998: The Impact of Surface Processes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Yansen; Tao, W.-K.; Lau, K.-M.; Wetzel, Peter J.

    2004-01-01

    The onset of the southeast Asian monsoon during 1997 and 1998 was simulated by coupling a mesoscale atmospheric model (MM5) and a detailed, land surface model, PLACE (the Parameterization for Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Exchange). The rainfall results from the simulations were compared with observed satellite data from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) and GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project). The control simulation with the PLACE land surface model and variable sea surface temperature captured the basic signatures of the monsoon onset processes and associated rainfall statistics. Sensitivity tests indicated that simulations were sigmficantly improved by including the PLACE land surface model. The mechanism by which the land surface processes affect the moisture transport and the convection during the onset of the southeast Asian monsoon were analyzed. The results indicated that land surface processes played an important role in modifying the low-level wind field over two major branches of the circulation: the southwest low-level flow over the Indo-china peninsula and the northern, cold frontal intrusion from southern China. The surface sensible and latent heat fluxes modified the low-level temperature distribution and gradient, and therefore the low-level wind due to the thermal wind effect. The more realistic forcing of the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the detailed, land surface model improved the low-level wind simulation apd associated moisture transport and convection.

  18. CO oxidation catalyzed by ag nanoparticles supported on SnO/CeO2

    KAUST Repository

    Khan, Inayatali

    2015-01-01

    Ag-Sn/CeO2 catalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method with different Ag-Sn wt.% loadings and were tested for the oxidation of CO. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) techniques. UV-Vis measurements were carried out to elucidate the ionic states of the silver particles, and the temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) technique was employed to check the reduction temperature of the catalyst supported on CeO2. There are peaks for silver crystallites in the X-ray diffraction patterns and the presence of SnO was not well evidenced by the XRD technique due to sintering inside the 3D array channels of CeO2 during the calcination process. The Ag-Sn/CeO2 (4%) catalyst was the most efficient and exhibited 100% CO oxidation at 100 °C due to small particle size and strong electronic interaction with the SnO/CeO2 support. © 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Química.

  19. Magnetic properties of Ce{sup 3+} in Pb{sub 1{minus}x}Ce{sub x}Se: Kondo and crystal-field effect

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gratens, X.; Charar, S.; Averous, M. [Groupe dEtude des Semiconducteurs URA 357, Universite Montpellier II, Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France); Isber, S. [Department of Physic, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1M8 (CANADA); Deportes, J. [Laboratoire Louis Neel, Avenue des Martyres, BP 166X, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 (France); Golacki, Z. [Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pl. 02-668, Warsaw (Poland)

    1997-10-01

    Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments were performed on a Pb{sub 1{minus}x}Ce{sub x}Se crystal at liquid-helium temperatures and show very clearly that the doublet {Gamma}{sub 7} is the ground state for cerium ions. The cubic symmetry is shown and the effective Land{acute e} factor for the Ce{sup 3+} is determined to be 1.354{plus_minus}0.003. An orbital reduction factor is introduced to explain the g experimental value. High-field magnetization results are in good agreement with the EPR results. The nominal Ce composition in PbSe deduced from saturation of the magnetization, x=0.0405{plus_minus}0.0003, is very closed to the value determined by microprobe analysis (x=0.04). At 1.5 K, an antiferromagnetic interaction between the nearest-neighbor cerium atoms is found, J{sub ex}/k{sub B}={minus}0.715thinspK. The low-field magnetic-susceptibility results show that the magnetic moment of cerium impurities is strongly temperature dependent, explained by the presence of the crystal-field effect and the Kondo effect. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

  20. Evolução espaço-temporal dos casos de tuberculose em Ribeirão Preto (SP, nos anos de 1998 a 2002 Spatial and temporal patterns of tuberculosis in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil from 1998 to 2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Hino

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estabelecer a distribuição espacial da tuberculose no Município de Ribeirão Preto (SP de 1998 a 2002, buscando verificar a dependência entre sua ocorrência e o espaço. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizada a base de dados secundários Epi-Tb da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto. O georreferenciamento dos casos de tuberculose foi realizado através do software MapInfo 6.5 e a análise estatística espacial através do software Spring. RESULTADOS: Por meio da análise do padrão espacial existente no decorrer dos anos estudados, foi concluído que para cada ano houve um padrão para a distribuição espacial da tuberculose em Ribeirão Preto, tendo sido identificadas áreas homogêneas de risco para a doença, embora os casos estivessem sempre concentrados em uma faixa da região noroeste do município, que consiste de bairros de classe média e/ou média baixa da população. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados contribuíram para o conhecimento da distribuição espacial da tuberculose em Ribeirão Preto, em diferentes períodos, ressaltando a importância da categoria espaço como alternativa metodológica para auxiliar no planejamento, monitoramento e avaliação das ações em saúde, com direcionamento mais adequado das intervenções para diminuir as iniqüidades.OBJECTIVE: To determine the spatial distribution of tuberculosis in the city of Ribeirão Preto, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between 1998 and 2002, with a focus on the potential spatially-dependent nature of its occurrence. METHODS: The secondary Epi-Tb database of the Ribeirão Preto Municipal Secretary of Health. Georeferencing of tuberculosis cases was performed using MapInfo 6.5 software, and the Spring program was used for statistical analysis of spatial data. RESULTS: Through analysis of the existing spatial pattern and those of the previous years analyzed, we found a consistent pattern of spatial distribution of tuberculosis in Ribeirão Preto

  1. Constructing public oral health policies in Brazil: issues for reflection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Soares, Catharina Leite Matos

    2012-01-01

    This paper addresses the construction of public oral health policies in Brazil by reviewing the available literature. It includes a discussion of the social responses given by the Brazilian State to oral health policies and the relationship of these responses with the ideological oral health movements that have developed globally, and that have specifically influenced oral health policies in Brazil. The influence of these movements has affected a series of hegemonic practices originating from both Market Dentistry and Preventive and Social Dentistry in Brazil. Among the state activities that have been set into motion, the following stand out: the drafting of a law to regulate the fluoridation of the public water supply, and the fluoridation of commercial toothpaste in Brazil; epidemiological surveys to analyze the status of the Brazilian population's oral health; the inclusion of oral health in the Family Health Strategy (Estratégia de Saúde da Família - ESF); the drawing up of the National Oral Health Policy, Smiling Brazil (Brasil Sorridente). From the literature consulted, the progressive expansion of state intervention in oral health policies is observed. However, there remains a preponderance of hegemonic "dental" practices reproduced in the Unified Public Health Service (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) and the Family Health Strategy.

  2. O mercado de planos de saúde no Brasil: uma criação do estado? The creation of health insurance market in Brazil: did the state play a key role?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Octávio Ocké-Reis

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available A hipótese central do trabalho afirma que o mercado de planos de saúde se expandiu no Brasil contando com o apoio do padrão de financiamento público mediante a aplicação de um conjunto variado de incentivos governamentais. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados para investigar esta hipótese se apoiaram no estudo de parte da produção teórica que ilumina a área da economia política da saúde e na descrição de determinadas ações do Estado no campo das políticas de saúde, que acabaram patrocinando o crescimento dos planos e seguros privados de saúde nos últimos quarenta anos.The article's central hypothesis is that the health insurance market has expanded in Brazil thanks to the pattern of government financing, which has involved a varied set of government incentives. The methodological procedures adopted to investigate this hypothesis are based on the study of theory concerning the political economics of health services and the description of specific measures implemented by the State in the field of health policy, which have ended up supporting the growth of private health plans and insurance over the past forty years.

  3. Percepção de caieiros quanto às conseqüências do trabalho no processo saúde-doença Lime workers' perception of work-related health-disease process, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cheila Portela Silva

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a percepção de trabalhadores das fábricas de cal quanto às conseqüências do trabalho ao processo saúde-doença. Foram coletados dados de dez trabalhadores, por meio de observação não estruturada e entrevistas semi-estruturadas em fábricas de cal do Ceará, em dezembro de 2005. A seriedade das conseqüências à saúde percebida pelos trabalhadores não foi suficiente para os impulsionar a desenvolverem ações de promoção de saúde.The objective of the study was to evaluate the perception of lime factory workers regarding work-related health-disease process. Data were collected from ten workers through non-structured observation and semi-structured interviews conducted in lime factories in the state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil, in December 2005. Lime workers did not perceive themselves as being at risk for serious health outcomes, which has led them not to develop health promotion actions.

  4. In the Name of Growth and Equity: The Future of Oil Palm Smallholders in Indonesia Au nom de la croissance et de l’équité : l’avenir des petits producteurs de palmiers à huile en Indonésie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wayan R. Susila

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available In 1997-1998 the economic crisis hit almost all industries and Indonesia’s GNP experienced a negative growth (-13.2% in 1998. Under these circumstances, the oil palm sector showed its strength and resilience. Oil palm plantation area and output respectively increased by almost 7% and 6% per year between 1996 and 2001. All three coexisting management systems—private estates, smallholders and government-owned estates—experienced this growth. Smallholders’ welfare in oil palm producing areas is significantly higher than most of other tree crop or annual crop smallholders and oil palm, with an average net income of 500 dollars per hectare, and this attracts more and more farmers. This paper combines secondary data and field survey results to address two key issues for the future of the oil palm smallholder sector. First is the question of the contribution of oil palm to the emergence and existence of wealthy households on a long-term run; are the conditions currently met to guarantee them a sustainable livelihood? Second is the political issue of smallholder development versus private estate development in relation to growth and equity; what are the terms of the alternative? Finally, this paper discusses policy options and implementation issues.Presque toute l’industrie indonésienne fut frappée par la crise de 1997-1998 et le PNB décrût (-13,2 % in 1998. Dans ce contexte, le secteur de l’huile de palme montra sa force et sa résistance. Les surfaces plantées et la production d’huile augmentent respectivement de 7 % et 6 % par an entre 1996 et 2001. Les trois systèmes de gestion qui co-existent dans ce secteur – grandes plantations privées, petites plantations familiales et plantations d’état – bénéficient de cette croissance. Le bien-être des petits planteurs dans les zones de production d’huile de palme est notablement plus élevé que celui de la plupart des autres planteurs et le palmier à huile, avec un b

  5. Oil pipeline performance review 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 : Technical/statistical report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2000-12-01

    This document provides a summary of the pipeline performance and reportable pipeline failures of liquid hydrocarbon pipelines in Canada, for the years 1995 through 1998. The year 1994 was the last one for which the Oil Pipeline Performance Review (OPPR) was published on an annual basis. The OPPR will continue to be published until such time as the Pipeline Risk Assesment Sub-Committee (PRASC) has obtained enough pipeline failure data to be aggregated into a meaningful report. The shifts in the mix of reporting pipeline companies is apparent in the data presented, comparing the volumes transported and the traffic volume during the previous ten-year period. Another table presents a summary of the failures which occurred during the period under consideration, 1995-1998, allowing for a comparison with the data for the previous ten-year period. From the current perspective and from an historical context, this document provides a statistical review of the performance of the pipelines, covering refined petroleum product pipelines, clean oil pipelines and High Vapour Pressure (HVP) pipelines downstream of battery limits. Classified as reportable are spills of 1.5 cubic metre or more of liquid hydrocarbons, any amount of HVP material, any incident involving an injury, a death, a fire, or an explosion. For those companies that responded to the survey, the major items, including number of failures and volumes released are accurate. Samples of the forms used for collecting the information are provided within the document. 6 tabs., 1 fig

  6. Fatores de risco para mortalidade infantil em municípios do Estado do Paraná, de 1997 a 2008 Factores de riesgo para mortalidad infantil en municipios de la Provincia de Paraná (Brasil, de 1997 a 2008 Risk factors for child mortality in towns of Paraná State (South Brazil, from 1997 to 2008

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mônica Augusta Mombelli

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar e analisar os fatores de risco para a mortalidade infantil nos municípios que compõem a 9ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, entre os anos de 1997 a 2008. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, com dados secundários a partir do Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC e do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM. Foi considerado variável dependente o óbito antes do primeiro ano de vida e variáveis independentes: sexo, peso ao nascer, duração da gestação, local de ocorrência do óbito, tipo de gravidez, tipo de parto, idade materna e escolaridade da mãe. Os fatores de risco associados ao óbito foram avaliados por meio da análise univariada. RESULTADOS: Entre os anos de 1997 e 2008, foram registrados 92.716 nascimentos pelo SINASC e 1.535 óbitos em crianças menores de um ano pelo SIM. Foram fatores de risco para a mortalidade nascidos vivos do sexo masculino (OR 1,09; IC95% 1,04-1,15, com baixo peso (OR 4,37; IC95% 4,14-4,62, prematuros (OR 4,83; IC95% 4,18-5,58, nascidos vivos de parto vaginal (OR 1,11; IC95% 1,05-1,17, mães adolescentes (OR 1,11; IC95% 1,02-1,22 e com baixa escolaridade (OR 1,97; IC95% 1,84-2,10. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados mostram diminuição da mortalidade infantil e de informações consideradas ignoradas nos bancos de dados e identificam os fatores de risco sugerindo atenção dos profissionais da saúde para o grupo de maior vulnerabilidade desde a assistência no pré-natal.OBJETIVO: Identificar y analizar los factores de riesgo para la mortalidad infantil en los municipios que componen la 9ª Regional de Salud de la provincia de Paraná (Brasil, entre los años de 1997 a 2008. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, con datos secundarios a partir del Sistema de Informaciones de Nacidos Vivos (SINASC y del Sistema de Informaciones sobre Mortalidad (SIM. Se consideró variable dependiente el óbito antes del primer año de vida y variables independientes el sexo, el peso al nacer

  7. Does campaign finance imply political favors? The case of the 1998 Brazilian elections

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Feijen, E.

    2005-01-01

    This paper provides empirical evidence that campaign contributions are strongly associated with expectations of future firm-specific political favors. Using a novel dataset, we find that during the 1998 elections in Brazil higher campaign contributions to federal deputies were robustly associated

  8. Saúde Mental no contexto da atenção básica: potencialidades, limitações, desafios do Programa Saúde da Família

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denize Bouttelet Munari

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Esse estudo destaca as possibilidades da inclusão da atenção em saúde mental no Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF. O objetivo foi analisar na literatura nacional as possibilidades, limites e desafios dos profissionais do PSF no enfrentamento das questões concernentes à prática. Revisão de literatura realizada em agosto/2007, na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, sendo acessadas bases LILACS e SciELO. A busca foi realizada por meio dos descritores “saúde mental”, “família”, e “programa saúde da família”, recuperando apenas artigos publicados em periódicos disponíveis nessas bases entre 1997 e 2007. Identificamos 155 títulos inicialmente que, ao serem analisados possibilitou seleção de 50 artigos (30 LILACS e 20 SciELO. Esse exercício levou a organização do material em dois pontos de convergência: 1. Programa Saúde da Família e a Reabilitação Psicossocial: o que há de comum? 2. Do descompasso aos vôos possíveis: limites, contradições, impasses e possibilidades na atenção em saúde mental no PSF. Concluímos que embora haja tendência de expansão da produção do conhecimento sobre a temática ainda é necessário investimento em iniciativas de superação do modelo assistência, que de fato tenha impacto na prática assistencial.

  9. Cervical cancer screening in Greenland, 1997-2011

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holst, Signe; Wohlfahrt, Jan; Kjær, Susanne Krüger

    2016-01-01

    of the screening program and to examine possible changes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) incidence in Greenland during 1997-2011 according to calendar period and age. METHODS: Using nationwide registries, we calculated age-standardized incidence rates for all women born and living in Greenland......OBJECTIVE: In spite of the high incidence of cervical cancer in Greenland, no assessment has been made of the impact of organized cervical screening, introduced in 1998, in relation to occurrence of high-grade cervical lesions. The objectives of the present study were to estimate coverage...

  10. Bookshelf 1997

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Richard Price

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available [First paragraph] Once again it is our sad duty to announce the annual Caribbeanist Hall of Shame. As always, we list those books that, as of press time (January 1998, have not been reviewed because the scholars who agreed to the task have - despite reminder letters - neither provided a text nor relinquished the books so that they could be assigned to someone else. (Continuing the practice initiated in 1997, we indicate names with both initial and final letters, in an attempt to forestall false accusations and protect the reputations of the innocent. And as in past years, we hope these paragraphs may serve as a kind of backlist "books received." We are pleased to report that this year's list is significantly briefer than in the past. And we join our readers in expressing heartfelt thanks to all those scholars who did take the time to prepare reviews and share their assessments with us.

  11. Health in Brazil: examples for the world Saúde no Brasil: exemplos para o mundo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Malaquias Batista Filho

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available In the year 2012, for the first time in the history of humanity, the urban population has exceeded the rural population. This change has been conditioned, in large part, by migratory flows in the direction of the field to the cities, singularizing the importance of the situation according to epidemiological, ecological, political, and social aspects. These issues are highlighted by the United Nations (UNICEF and WHO especially considering the remarkable and growing relevance that the poverty condition of rural families exercises in this displacement, creating a remarkable adverse and conflictive environment, mainly in the health sector. This fact occurs because the infrastructure of urban services is not keeping up with the sprawls in the outskirts of the cities of medium and large sizes. These arguments, of universal character, assume a crucial importance in developing countries, as in the case of Brazil, Latin America, an Asian subcontinent and the greater part of Africa. It is a context that justifies the I Brazilian Workshop on the Health of Subnormal Urban Clusters (old slums to be held in Recife, as a strategy to consolidate a basic information framework about the epidemiological scenario, the supply and demand for health care services in urban areas of poverty. With an propositional objective: establish an agenda for research and intervention models having as focus the priorities of health of these urban spaces submitted to socio-economic conditions of recognized vulnerability.O fato de que, a partir de 2012, pela primeira vez na história da humanidade a população urbana tenha ultrapassado a população rural, e que esta mudança tenha sido condicionada, em grande parte, por correntes migratórias no sentido campo/cidade, singulariza a importância dessa situação em termos epidemiológicos, ecológicos, políticos e sociais. São estes os aspectos destacados pelas Nações Unidas (UNICEF e OMS considerando sobretudo a marcante e

  12. CACTUS technology programme. Yearbook 1998; CACTUS teknologiaohjelman vuosikirja 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alakangas, E. [ed.

    1998-12-31

    In the future, the paper industry must be prepared for more environmentally friendly. The main challenge is to develop technologies capable of lowering emissions to air and water and at the same time reducing the formation of waste. To achieve a significant reduction in water consumption at paper mills it will be necessary to develop and to introduce new processes and products. The requirements are better paper quality and runnability and better process management. To assess the process alternatives a technology programme was established in 1996. The goal of this four year programme is to create knowledge that can be used at paper mills to achieve substantial reductions in raw water consumption without jeopardizing paper quality and runnability, increasing the consumption chemicals and impairing the energy efficiency. The costs of the programme are evaluated to be FIM 140-160 million, of which Tekes will supply FIM 70-80 million. The rest of funding is covered by participating companies from paper and chemical industry and from equipment producers. At present, the CACTUS Programme is focused on four research areas, (1) separation techniques and treatment methods, (2) measurements and process chemistry, (3) process modelling and simulation and (4) final placement of concentrates. The total cost of research projects within these areas in 1998 is about FIM 14 million. This yearbook summarises the main research results and future plans of the CACTUS projects. There are 26 research projects and 15 industrial joint projects going on in 1997- 1998. (orig.)

  13. CACTUS technology programme. Yearbook 1998; CACTUS teknologiaohjelman vuosikirja 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alakangas, E [ed.

    1999-12-31

    In the future, the paper industry must be prepared for more environmentally friendly. The main challenge is to develop technologies capable of lowering emissions to air and water and at the same time reducing the formation of waste. To achieve a significant reduction in water consumption at paper mills it will be necessary to develop and to introduce new processes and products. The requirements are better paper quality and runnability and better process management. To assess the process alternatives a technology programme was established in 1996. The goal of this four year programme is to create knowledge that can be used at paper mills to achieve substantial reductions in raw water consumption without jeopardizing paper quality and runnability, increasing the consumption chemicals and impairing the energy efficiency. The costs of the programme are evaluated to be FIM 140-160 million, of which Tekes will supply FIM 70-80 million. The rest of funding is covered by participating companies from paper and chemical industry and from equipment producers. At present, the CACTUS Programme is focused on four research areas, (1) separation techniques and treatment methods, (2) measurements and process chemistry, (3) process modelling and simulation and (4) final placement of concentrates. The total cost of research projects within these areas in 1998 is about FIM 14 million. This yearbook summarises the main research results and future plans of the CACTUS projects. There are 26 research projects and 15 industrial joint projects going on in 1997- 1998. (orig.)

  14. Caspian Sea Environmental Security Game: 16-17 November 1998

    Science.gov (United States)

    1999-07-01

    Further, Iran has developed export products based on fish protein concentrate (FPC) targeted at a far east market in Japan and China (Shojaei 1998). At...a major dietary change program involving a shift to fish as a protein source, and an export product-generating program, with several foreign...Fishes 48: 209-219. Khrushchev, S. 1997. Caviar Will Go the Way of Dinosaur Eggs. In Asia Inc. Ltd. Available online: http://www.asia-inc.com:80

  15. Participação social em saúde em áreas rurais do Nordeste do Brasil Social participation in health in rural northeastern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Patrício Bispo Júnior

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Analisar a participação social por meio dos Conselhos Municipais de Saúde (CMS em dois municípios de pequeno porte do Nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, qualitativo, do tipo casos múltiplos, tendo como objeto de pesquisa os CMS de Lafayete Coutinho (Estado da Bahia e Groaíras (Ceará. Os dados foram obtidos entre fevereiro e abril de 2005 por meio de análise documental, observação direta das reuniões dos CMS e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Foram analisados decretos, leis e portarias municipais; relatórios anuais de gestão das secretarias municipais de saúde; planos municipais de saúde; e relatórios das conferências municipais de saúde. Também foram analisadas as atas dos conselhos desde a sua criação até o ano de 2004. Foram entrevistados 17 conselheiros de saúde, oito de Lafayete Coutinho e nove de Groaíras. RESULTADOS: Ambos os conselhos apresentaram irregularidades quanto à composição e à posse dos conselheiros, como a alta rotatividade de representantes e as constantes "reformulações" da composição do conselho. Além disso, o quadro dos CMS era totalmente renovado quando da posse de um novo prefeito. Também foram observadas irregularidades na freqüência das reuniões. Em Lafayete Coutinho, das 96 reuniões previstas foram realizadas 37; em Groaíras, das 186 reuniões previstas o CMS realizou 93. Na análise da atuação do CMS como formulador e controlador das políticas municipais de saúde, emergiram três categorias temáticas: estado de saúde da população e políticas públicas; organização e funcionamento dos serviços de saúde; e gestão financeira e prestação de contas. As entrevistas mostraram a insatisfação dos participantes com as práticas do CMS e a sua descrença quanto à representatividade e ao poder desses conselhos. CONCLUSÕES: É preciso repensar as estratégias de participação social no Brasil a partir da perspectiva do

  16. Saúde e desenvolvimento Healthcare and development

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Luiza D'Ávila Viana

    2007-11-01

    Full Text Available Considerando que os modernos sistemas de saúde são o resultado da complexa interação de processos econômicos, políticos e sociais, o objetivo do trabalho é discutir a relação entre saúde e desenvolvimento no Brasil, mostrando que o esgotamento do modelo liberal de política econômica abre nova perspectiva para a retomada do desenvolvimento, entendido como combinação entre crescimento da economia, mudanças na estrutura produtiva e melhora das condições de vida da população. O complexo produtivo da saúde joga papel decisivo nesse processo, pois constitui um campo em que inovação tecnológica e acumulação de capital geram oportunidades de investimento, trabalho e renda, além de produzir avanços importantes para melhorar o estado de saúde das pessoas. A recente adoção de políticas públicas voltadas para articular, de forma positiva, aspectos da política econômica e da política social revela que a questão do desenvolvimento nacional ganhou nova centralidade na agenda governamental, o que abre a perspectiva de maior integração entre a lógica econômica e a lógica sanitária. Entretanto, é preciso reconhecer que o Brasil ainda não logrou alcançar uma associação virtuosa entre saúde e desenvolvimento.As modern healthcare systems are the outcome of complex interactions among economic, political and social processes, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the links between health and development in Brazil, showing that the depletion of the liberal economic policy model paves the way for a return to development, understood as a blend of economic growth, changes in the production structure and better living standards. The healthcare production complex plays a crucial role in this process, as a field where technological innovation and capital build-up generate opportunities for investment, work and income, in addition to spurring major steps forward in terms of upgrading individual health. The recent adoption of

  17. Neutron scattering. Annual progress report 1997; Neutronenstreuung. Annual progress report 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Allenspach, P.; Boeni, B.; Fischer, P.; Furrer, A. [Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule, Zurich (Switzerland). Lab. fuer Neutronenstreuung

    1998-02-01

    The present progress report describes the scientific and technical activities obtained by LNS staff members in 1997. It also includes the work performed by external groups at our CRG instruments D1A and IN3 at the ILL Grenoble. Due to the outstanding properties of neutrons and x-rays the research work covered many areas of science and materials research. The highlight of the year 1997 was certainly the production of neutrons at the new spallation neutron source SINQ. From July to November, SINQ was operating for typically two days/week and allowed the commissioning of four instruments at the neutron guide system: - the triple-axis spectrometer Druechal, - the powder diffractometer DMC, - the double-axis diffractometer TOPSI, the polarised triple-axis spectrometer TASP. These instruments are now fully operational and have already been used for condensed matter studies, partly in cooperation with external groups. Five further instruments are in an advanced state, and their commissioning is expected to occur between June and October 1998: - the high-resolution powder diffractometer HRPT, - the single-crystal diffractometer TriCS, - the time-of-flight spectrometer FOCUS, - the reflectometer AMOR, - the neutron optical bench NOB. Together with the small angle neutron scattering facility SANS operated by the spallation source department, all these instruments will be made available to external user groups in the future. (author) figs., tabs., refs.

  18. LBA-ECO TG-07 Ground-based Biometry Data at km 83 Site, Tapajos National Forest: 1997

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration — A field inventory of trees was conducted in March of 1997 in a logging concession at the Tapajos National Forest, south of Santarem, Para, Brazil. The inventory was...

  19. Recovery Ce from Ce - TBP Used Oxalic Acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Purwani, MV; Subagiono, R.; Suyanti

    2007-01-01

    Recovery or stripping Ce from Ce - TBP product of monazite sand used oxalic acid. Ce - TBP as organic phase and oxalic acid as aqueous phase and as strong precipitant compound to precipitate metal element. The stripping product as Ce - oxalic precipitate. The influence parameter were percentage of oxalic acid, volume ratio of Ce-TBP with oxalic acid, time and rate of stripping. At stripping of 25 ml Ce - TBP used oxalic acid, the optimum condition were achieve at using 5% oxalic acid, volume ratio of Ce - TBP : 5% oxalic acid = 1 : 1, time of stripping 7.5 minute and rate of stripping 150 rpm. At the optimum condition was obtained the recovery efficiency was 100%. (author)

  20. Westinghouse Savannah River Company: Report from the DOE Voluntary Protection Program onsite reviews, February 24--March 7, 1997, and June 15--19, 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-05-01

    This report summarizes the Department of Energy Voluntary Protection Program (DOE-VPP) Initial and Update Review Teams` findings from the onsite evaluations of the Westinghouse Savannah River Site (SRS), conducted February 24--March 7, 1997, and June 15-19, 1998. The site was evaluated against the program requirements contained in US Department of Energy Voluntary Protection Program, Part 1: Program Elements to determine its success in implementing the five tenets of DOE-VPP. The Initial Review Team concluded that WSRC met or surpassed all DOE-VPP requirements, with the exception of 12 minor findings and 5 recommendations. WSRC was asked to resolve the findings within 90 days. During a follow-up visit in January 1996, representatives of the Team verified that all 90-day actions were completed. The Update Team detected though that the program did not demonstrate thorough and meaningful employee involvement. The ability to attain and sustain VPP-level performance on employee involvement is a significant challenge. Large companies with multiple layers of management and geographically disperse personnel have particular difficulty.

  1. Westinghouse Savannah River Company: Report from the DOE Voluntary Protection Program onsite reviews, February 24-March 7, 1997, and June 15-19, 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-05-01

    This report summarizes the Department of Energy Voluntary Protection Program (DOE-VPP) Initial and Update Review Teams' findings from the onsite evaluations of the Westinghouse Savannah River Site (SRS), conducted February 24--March 7, 1997, and June 15-19, 1998. The site was evaluated against the program requirements contained in US Department of Energy Voluntary Protection Program, Part 1: Program Elements to determine its success in implementing the five tenets of DOE-VPP. The Initial Review Team concluded that WSRC met or surpassed all DOE-VPP requirements, with the exception of 12 minor findings and 5 recommendations. WSRC was asked to resolve the findings within 90 days. During a follow-up visit in January 1996, representatives of the Team verified that all 90-day actions were completed. The Update Team detected though that the program did not demonstrate thorough and meaningful employee involvement. The ability to attain and sustain VPP-level performance on employee involvement is a significant challenge. Large companies with multiple layers of management and geographically disperse personnel have particular difficulty

  2. An Annotated Bibliography of HVDC Transmission and FACTS Devices, 1996-1997.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Litzenberger, Wayne H.; Varma, Rajiv K.; Flanagan, John D. [eds.

    1998-06-01

    This edition of the Annotated Bibliography of HVDC Transmission and FACTS Devices continues work begun in 1962 by the late Erik Bromberg, Bonneville Power Administration Librarian. His original bibliography covered the period 1932--1962. Subsequent editions were compiled by Bromberg, Val S. Lava, and Wayne Litzenberger, all of Bonneville Power Administration. Beginning with the 1991--1993 edition, the scope of the bibliography was expanded to include flexible ac transmission (FACTS) devices. This 1996--1997 edition also contains information for 1998. Preparation of the present edition took place primarily in May-June of 1998. All pertinent references have been included that were available to the editors at the time of preparation. Papers for the 1998 IEEE Winter and Summer Power Meetings and 1998 T and D Conference have been included. This edition contains the organizational affiliation of the first-named author as an aid to accessing the reference. Unfortunately, space limitations prevented the inclusion of the affiliations of all authors. Some minor editorial changes have been made to abstracts to ensure consistency in style and syntax.

  3. Office of Inspector General audit report on the U.S. Department of Energy`s consolidated financial statements for fiscal year 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-02-01

    The Department prepared the Fiscal Year 1998 Accountability Report to combine critical financial and program performance information in a single report. The Department`s consolidated financial statements and the related audit reports are included as major components of the Accountability Report. The Office of Inspector General audited the Department`s consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended September 30, 1998 and 1997. In the opinion of the Office of Inspector General, except for the environmental liabilities lines items in Fiscal year 1998, these financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Department as of September 30, 1998 and 1997, and its consolidated net cost, changes in net position, budgetary resources, financing activities, and custodial activities for the years then ended in conformity with Federal accounting standards. In accordance with Government Auditing Standards, the Office of Inspector General issued a separate report on the Department internal controls. This report discusses needed improvements to the environmental liabilities estimating process and the reporting of performance measure information.

  4. Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund : 1998 annual report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    A review of the Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund as it operated under the new investment framework established in 1997 was presented. The new statutory mission of the Fund is to provide stewardship of the savings from Alberta's non-renewable resources by providing the greatest financial returns on those savings for current and future generations of Albertans. In 1998, the Fund earned $947 million in income with nearly $25 million of income being retained to ensure that the value of the Fund grows to off-set the effects of inflation. Net assets of the Fund on March 31, 1998 was $ 12.3 billion. Operation of the Fund, the accounting method used, and details about the Transition Portfolio and the Endowment Portfolio are provided. An assessment of Alberta's economic climate accompanies the auditor's report and the detailed financial statements of the Fund. tabs

  5. Paracoccidioidomycosis mortality in the State of Paraná, Brazil, 1980/1998 Mortalidade por paracoccidiodomicose no Estado do Paraná, Brasil, 1980/1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jeanine Izabel Margraf Bittencourt

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available The paracoccidioidomycosis mortality rate in the State of Paraná, Brazil (1980/1998 was analyzed using the death registry data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System and the estimated population from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. To qualify the deaths, we deployed ICD-9 for 1980/1995 and ICD-10 for the more recent years. During this period there were 551 deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis in the State of Paraná. Most of the deaths were in male in the 30-59-year age group. The average annual mortality rate was 3.48 per million inhabitants, showing a tendency to stabilize during the study period. Paracoccidioidomycosis was the fifth cause of mortality among the predominantly chronic infectious diseases and had the highest mortality rate among the systemic mycoses. Paracoccidioidomycosis was observed in 184 counties in the State of Paraná. Most deaths were recorded in the North-Central meso-region, and the highest mortality rate occurred in the West meso-region.Foi conduzido um estudo de mortalidade por paracoccidioidomicose no Estado do Paraná, Brasil, no período de 1980 a 1998, utilizando-se como fonte de dados os registros de óbitos do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e a população estimada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Para classificação dos óbitos, empregou-se a CID-9 para os anos de 1980 a 1995 e a CID-10 para os anos mais recentes. Nesse período, no Paraná, ocorreram 551 óbitos por paracoccidioidomicose, com prevalência do sexo masculino, na faixa etária compreendida ente 30 a 59 anos. A taxa de mortalidade média anual foi de 3,48 por milhão de habitantes, demonstrando estabilidade no período de estudo. Destacou-se como a quinta causa de mortalidade entre as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias redominantemente crônicas, apresentando a mais alta taxa de mortalidade entre as micoses sistêmicas. Foi observada em 184 municípios, verificando-se, no estudo por

  6. Informe sobre a cooperação Brasil-Canadá em promoção da saúde Report on the cooperation Brazil-Canada in health promotion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lenira Zancan

    2004-09-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho relata a experiência de cooperação no campo da Promoção da Saúde, estabelecida entre a Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP, a Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Abrasco e a Associação Canadense de Saúde Pública (CPHA nos últimos quatro anos. Tal experiência tem evidenciado que a promoção da saúde e o desenvolvimento local são guiados por valores comuns e estratégias de ação similares, fundamentados em participação social, empowerment e colaboração intersetorial. No Brasil, as estratégias para promoção da saúde e desenvolvimento local ainda são insipientes e, por sua complexidade, necessitam ser sistematicamente analisadas. Nesse contexto, os parceiros canadenses e brasileiros se propõem, através de um novo Projeto de Cooperação, apoiar municípios selecionados nas várias regiões do país, na implementação e avaliação de intervenções em promoção da saúde e na construção de capacidades para o desenvolvimento local e ação intersetorial para a saúde. Essa agenda colaborativa toma por base as teorias da avaliação participativa, contribuindo para a construção de modelos e ferramentas de reflexive practices em desenvolvimento local e promoção da saúde, criando processos sustentáveis de melhoria dos ambientes físicos e sociais com impacto na saúde.This report presents the Project Development Phase of a Cooperation on Health Promotion involving the National School of Public Health (ENSP, the Brazilian Association of Collective Health (ABRASCO, and the Canadian Association of Public Health (CPHA. That experience evidenced that health promotion and local development are guided by common values and similar strategies for action, which are based on public participation, empowerment, and intersectoral collaboration. In Brazil the strategies for health promotion and local development are still undergoing and, for theirs complexity, need to be systematically analyzed. Within this

  7. Os vários mundos do financiamento da Saúde no Brasil: uma tentativa de integração Healthcare financing options in Brazil: an attempt at integration

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sulamis Dain

    2007-11-01

    Full Text Available O artigo aborda o dilema subjacente ao financiamento da Saúde, entre a visão de longo prazo proposta pela Seguridade Social em 1988, e a visão de curto prazo, centrada nos sucessivos ajustes fiscais, que vem frustrando a expansão de recursos da Saúde no Brasil. No contexto da regulamentação da Emenda Constitucional 29, da renovação da CMPF e da DRU, e de uma próxima reforma tributária, são tratados aspectos do sistema tributário, das contribuições sociais, dos subsídios, incentivos e renúncia de arrecadação. Considera também aspectos político-institucionais das relações intergovernamentais e das relações entre o setor público e o setor privado, presentes ao financiamento da Saúde. O trabalho torna evidente a existência de espaço para ampliar o patamar de financiamento do SUS, de modo a superar os vazios sanitários, bem como as desigualdades de oferta de serviços no território. Sugere também a revisão das relações financeiras intergovernamentais e entre o setor público e o setor privado. Finalmente, apresenta aspectos virtuosos do gasto público e dos instrumentos de financiamento do setor para o desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico do Brasil.This paper addresses the dilemma underlying Healthcare financing, caught between the long-term view proposed by the Social Security segment in 1988 and the short-term view imposed by a series of fiscal adjustments, hampering the expansion of healthcare resources in Brazil. Within the context of Constitutional Amendment Nº 29, the extension of the Provisional Financial Transactions Levy (CPMF, the Federal Funds Earmarking Removal Provision (DRU, and forthcoming tax reforms, aspects of the taxation system, social security dues, subsidies, incentives and tax revenue waivers are examined, also exploring political and institutional aspects of intergovernmental relationships and the links between the public and private sectors, in terms of Healthcare financing. This paper

  8. How does Suncor create value : 1998 annual report of Suncor Energy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    A financial and operational review of accomplishments during 1998 from Suncor Energy is presented. Suncor Energy is a leader in oil sands extraction and upgrading technology. Despite low oil prices, Suncor continued to deliver solid results, record production, higher cash flow and significant growth in its growth plans. The company remains on track with its $2 billion Project Millennium oil sands expansion project which is scheduled to begin in the spring of 1999. Natural gas, crude oil and natural gas liquids production continued its upward trend for the eighth year in a row and was responsible for partially offsetting the financial impact of lower crude oil prices. Cash flow from operations increased for the sixth consecutive year. Higher net debt level reflected increased capital spending on growth projects. Share prices declined by 6 per cent in 1998 over year-end 1997, however the decline was moderate compared to a 22 per cent decline in the integrated oil and gas index on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Return on shareholders' equity was 12.9 per cent, compared to 16.9 per cent in 1997. tabs., figs

  9. Production-distribution of electric power in France: 1997-98 statistical data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    This document has been realized using the annual inquiry carried out by the French direction of gas, electricity and coal (Digec). It brings together the main statistical data about the production, transport and consumption of electric power in France: 1997 and 1998 balance sheets, foreign exchanges, long-term evolutions, production with respect to the different energy sources, consumption in the different departments and regions.. (J.S.)

  10. Uma saúde pública molecular!? A molecular public health?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis David Castiel

    1994-09-01

    Full Text Available As relações da Saúde Pública com a Genética Molecular são enfocadas. Para isto, discutese a noção de Saúde Pública e expressões correlatas, procurando estabelecer seu objeto de estudo e campo de práticas. Além disto, fazse uma breve descrição do precário panorama sanitário no nosso país, destacando a pequena efetividade social do papel atribuído ao sanitarista. Apresenta técnicas e conceitos, desenvolvidos pela Genética Molecular e sua relevância em Saúde Pública. O risco genético é discutido e comparado com a idéia de propensão hereditária, enfatizando aspectos epistemológicos e repercussões éticas. Considera-se a noção de expert e suas relações com o possível perfil do sanitarista para lidar com as questões postas pela Biologia Molecular/Genética Humana nos domínios da Saúde Pública. Por fim, a participação do Estado no estabelecimento das prioridades sociais em Saúde é discutida.This article focuses on the relationship between Public Health and Molecular Genetics. Both the notion of Public Health and correlate expressions are discussed in an attempt to establish their respective objects of investigation and fields of practice. In addition, a brief description is given of the precarious health conditions in Brazil. The author remarks on the limited social effectiveness of the role ascribed to public health professionals in Brazil. Techniques and concepts developed by Molecular Genetics are presented and their importance for Public Health is analyzed. Genetic risk is discussed and compared to the idea of inherited disposition to disease, with special emphasis on ethical and epistemological points of view. The notion of expert is considered in terms of its adequacy for training health professionals to deal with issues pertaining to Molecular Biology and Human Genetics in Public Health matters. Lastly, the author argues for the role of the state in defining social priorities in health.

  11. Research, development and innovation in the electrical energy sector of Brazil: toward a tool for the support of the decision-making process

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Machado, Fernando Vieira; Salles-Filho, Sergio; Brittes, Jose Juiz Pereira; Corder, Solange Maria; Boer, Denile Cominato [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil)

    2008-07-01

    The objective of this article is to present a tool to help in the decision making process for the allocation of resources for research, development and innovation in the electrical energy sector in Brazil. It provides a computerized tool for the management of a portfolio of projects which contains myriads of information of projects of research, development, and innovation financed by companies in the area of the generation, transmission and distribution of electrical energy in Brazil. This tool permits the collection and analysis of this information with a view to evaluating the direction and progress of investments made in the past five years. The electrical energy sector of Brazil invests hundreds of millions of reals each year in research and development (henceforth 'R and D'). The investment of these resources is required by a set of federal laws. This legal framework is a consequence of the process of the privatization of the sector which began in 1997. The investment of the financial resources in R and D projects is supervised by the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (henceforth 'ANEEL'). It is the responsibility of ANEEL to evaluate and approve proposed R and D projects, and monitor their results, as per the 'Handbook of R and D of the Electrical Energy Sector.' This tool for supporting the decision-making process serves exactly the purpose of helping both ANEEL in the approval of resources under its supervision, as well as helping companies within the electrical energy sector in the management of applied resources. Almost one billion reals (approximately US $500,000,000) were invested in more than 3000 projects from 1998 to 2006. The data base associated with these projects already contains information concerning 1412 projects from 1998 to 2004, permitting significant analyses of the results and impacts of the allocation of resources. (author)

  12. LANSCE Activity Report 1995-1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Amy Robinson; Audrey Archuleta; Barbara Maes; Dan Strottman; Earl Hoffman; Garth Tietjen; Gene Farnum; Geoff Greene; Joyce Roberts; Ken Johnson; Paul Lewis; Roger Pynn; Stan Schriber; Steve Sterbenz; Steve Wender; Sue Harper

    1999-01-01

    The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center Activity Report describes scientific and technological progress and achievements in LANSCE Division during the period of 1995 to 1998. This report includes a message from the Division Director, an overview of LANSCE, sponsor overviews, research highlights, advanced projects and facility upgrades achievements, experimental and user program accomplishments, news and events, and a list of publications. The research highlights cover the areas of condensed-matter science and engineering, accelerator science, nuclear science, and radiography. This report also contains a compact disk that includes an overview, the Activity Report itself, LANSCE operations progress reports for 1996 and 1997, experiment reports from LANSCE users, as well as a search capability

  13. Saúde reprodutiva e mulheres indígenas do Alto Rio Negro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Azevedo

    Full Text Available O presente artigo descreve e analisa as concepções próprias das mulheres indígenas do Alto Rio Negro sobre saúde reprodutiva, relacionando-as a indicadores de fecundidade. As informações qualitativas apontam para um conhecimento detalhado e complexo que as mulheres indígenas dessa região possuem sobre seu corpo e os cuidados com sua saúde. Os níveis e padrões etários da fecundidade estão relacionados com a etnia das mulheres, portanto, aos sistemas tradicionais de cuidados com a saúde desses povos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida entre 1997 e 2003, na região de Iauaretê, Terra Indígena Alto Rio Negro (AM, e teve como primeira fonte de dados o Censo Indígena Autônomo do Rio Negro - CIARN-, levado a efeito pela Federação das Organizações Indígenas do Rio Negro - FOIRN - em 1992.

  14. Enfermagem e saúde ambiental: possibilidades de atuação para a promoção da saúde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria do Socorro Vieira Lopes

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo qualitativo objetivou compreender o significado de participação para os integrantes do Comitê da Sub-Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Salgado, CE, Brasil, subsidiando a promoção da saúde para um ambiente sustentável no que se refere aos recursos hídricos; refletir sobre a interface enfermagem/ambiente a partir do componente hídrico. Os sujeitos foram 18 representantes do comitê. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista, analisados através do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A compreensão de participação pelos sujeitos foi resumida no discurso síntese: participação envolve consciência social, informação, comunicação em busca de soluções que representem a coletividade. A interface da enfermagem no comitê se apresenta como uma possibilidade de ampliação de seu objeto ao incorporar o campo ambiental nas ações de promoção da saúde

  15. Revista de Saúde Pública: 50 years disseminating the knowledge in nutrition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sichieri, Rosely; Pereira, Rosangela A

    2016-12-22

    This work describes and comments on articles in the area of Public Health Nutrition published in Revista de Saúde Pública (RSP - Public Health Journal) from 1967 to 2016. We searched in the PubMed database restricted to the periodical "Revista de Saúde Pública" and using terms related to key topics in the area of Public Health Nutrition. We retrieved 742 articles and, after exclusion of duplicates and articles unrelated to the subject, we analyzed 441 articles, grouped according to subject: dental caries, anemia, hypovitaminosis A, macro/micronutrients, malnutrition, nutritional assessment, overweight/obesity, food consumption, low birthweight, and breastfeeding. We observed significant increase in the number of articles published and diversification of subjects addressed over the 50 years, representing the consistent development of the scientific field of Nutrition in Brazil. Since its inception, RSP has played an important role in the dissemination of knowledge about the main nutritional issues in Brazil. RESUMO Este trabalho descreve e comenta os artigos na área de Nutrição em Saúde Pública, publicados na Revista de Saúde Pública (RSP) de 1967 a 2016. Foi realizada busca na base de dados PubMed restrita ao periódico "Revista de Saúde Pública" e utilizando termos relacionados com temáticas chaves da área de Nutrição em Saúde Pública. Foram recuperados 742 artigos e, após as exclusões dos artigos repetidos e daqueles não relacionados com a temática, foram analisados 441 artigos, agrupados segundo o tema: cárie dental, anemia, hipovitaminose A, macro/micronutrientes, desnutrição, avaliação do estado nutricional, sobrepeso/obesidade, consumo de alimentos, baixo peso ao nascer, e aleitamento materno. Observou-se incremento significativo no número de artigos publicados e a diversificação dos temas tratados ao longo destes 50 anos, retratando o consistente desenvolvimento do campo científico da Nutrição no Brasil. Desde seu início, a

  16. Indicadores de saúde para idosos: comparação entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos Health indicators in the elderly: a comparison of Brazil and the United States

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mônica Rebouças

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar no Brasil indicadores equivalentes aos utilizados nos Estados Unidos para avaliar a população com idade de 65 anos ou mais no ano de 2000 e comparar a situação nos dois países. MÉTODO: Este é um estudo descritivo e transversal, baseado em dados secundários. A partir de uma lista de indicadores de bem-estar empregada nos Estados Unidos, equivalentes brasileiros foram pesquisados nos sites de instituições públicas de saúde ou de planejamento. Também foram utilizados dados de pesquisas nacionais e, se necessário, foram feitas reanálises de bases de dados. RESULTADOS: Dos 31 indicadores que compõem a lista norte-americana, somente para três não foi encontrado um equivalente brasileiro: comprometimento de memória, atividade social e crimes violentos. Nos Estados Unidos, o número de idosos foi maior e a escolaridade desse grupo foi mais alta. Os dois países foram semelhantes em termos de condição de saúde e expectativa de vida aos 65 anos. Maiores taxas de óbito por doença cerebrovascular e diabetes foram registradas no Brasil e por neoplasias malignas nos Estados Unidos. A morbidade auto-referida por artrite e por depressão foi mais freqüente nos Estados Unidos, assim como as incapacidades. A autopercepção de bom estado de saúde foi superior no Brasil, ao passo que os indicadores de hábitos de vida e os fatores de risco revelaram uma melhor situação nos Estados Unidos. CONCLUSÕES: Se o poder discriminatório dos indicadores utilizados for de fato adequado, as condições de saúde dos idosos no ano de 2000 eram próximas nos dois países.OBJECTIVE: To identify indicators used in evaluating the population 65 years of age and older in Brazil that are comparable to those used in the United States, and to compare the situation of this age group in the two countries. METHOD:This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, based on secondary data. Brazilian equivalents to the well-being indicators

  17. Suicidal behavior in the Ukraine, 1988-1998.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kryzhanovskaya, L; Pilyagina, G

    1999-01-01

    This report studies the available data concerning suicide rates in the Ukraine and points to the importance of appropriate monitoring of suicides and attempted suicides. It illustrates the necessity of collecting this information and of developing "The Ukrainian National Program on Suicide Prevention." Unfortunately, suicide research and publications about suicide rates were prohibited in the former Soviet Union, so some of the data about suicidal behavior in the Ukraine is incomplete. We used the official suicide death statistics of the Ukraine from the Center of Statistics (Ukrainian Ministry of Health) for the period 1988-1998. The overall rate of suicide in the Ukraine is relatively high. Official statistics in the Ukraine show that there were 29.6 suicides per 100,000 population in 1998. The frequency of completed suicide differs in the various regions of the country, suicides being more frequent in the industrially developed regions and in the rural areas of the country than in the cities. In the western part of the Ukraine the frequency of suicide is relatively low (11.1 per 100,000). Between 1988 and 1997 the suicide rate increased by 57%. In 1998 the suicide rate for women was approximately five times lower than that for men.

  18. Quarterly coal report, January--March 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Young, P.

    1998-08-01

    The Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) provides comprehensive information about US coal production, distribution, exports, imports, receipts, prices, consumption, and stocks to a wide audience, including Congress, Federal and State agencies, the coal industry, and the general public. Coke production, consumption, distribution, imports, and exports data are also provided. This report presents detailed quarterly data for January through March 1998 and aggregated quarterly historical data for 1992 through the fourth quarter of 1997. Appendix A displays, from 1992 on, detailed quarterly historical coal imports data. To provide a complete picture of coal supply and demand in the United States, historical information has been integrated in this report. 58 tabs.

  19. Characterization engineering status report April 1997 - September 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kostelnik, A.J.

    1997-01-01

    The report identifies the activities of the Characterization Engineering organization for the time period of April through September 1997. Characterization Engineering (CE) continues to make progress in support of the project goal of characterizing the Hanford high level waste tanks. Two core sampling systems were operational during this reporting period, rotary mode core sample truck system No. 2 and push mode core sample truck system No. 1. The deployment of the third rotary mode core sample truck system No. 4 continued to be delayed during the reporting period due to exhauster design issues. The schedule to close the exhauster design issues had not yet been finalized at the end of the reporting period. The availability average for all core sampling systems for this period is 49%. This is an increase compared to 37% during the last reporting period. Sixteen tanks were core sampled during the reporting period and l40 samples were retrieved. This is the most tanks cores and segments ever sampled in a six month period. Average sampler recoveries exceeded the performance goals of 80% for system No. 1 and 60% for systems No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4

  20. Situação do indivíduo no mercado de trabalho e iniqüidade em saúde no Brasil The individual's status in the labor market and health inequity in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luana Giatti

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Investigar as desigualdades na condição de saúde pessoal e na utilização de serviços de saúde em relação à situação do indivíduo no mercado de trabalho. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 39.925 homens de 15 a 64 anos de idade residentes em 10 regiões metropolitanas brasileiras, participantes da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios de 1998. Eles foram classificados como trabalhadores formais, informais, desempregados ou fora do mercado de trabalho. Os demais trabalhadores foram comparados aos trabalhadores formais em relação às características sociodemográficas, indicadores de saúde e de utilização de serviços de saúde. A análise incluiu o qui-quadrado de Pearson e associação independente entre situação no mercado de trabalho e indicadores de saúde e utilização de serviços de saúde foi feita por meio de regressão logística multinomial. RESULTADOS: Dos participantes do estudo, 52,2% eram trabalhadores formais, 27,7% informais, 10% desempregados e 10,2% estavam fora do mercado de trabalho. Foram identificadas diferenças significativas relativas à idade, escolaridade, renda domiciliar, posição no domicílio e região de residência. O desemprego, o trabalho informal e, sobretudo, a exclusão do mercado de trabalho estiveram associados à pior condição de saúde entre adultos brasileiros, independentemente das características sociodemográficas. CONCLUSÕES: A situação do indivíduo no mercado de trabalho expressa um gradiente de desigualdade nas condições de saúde. Os achados reforçam que a situação do indivíduo no mercado de trabalho também deve ser considerada nos estudos das desigualdades em saúde.OBJECTIVE: To investigate inequalities in personal health conditions and in the utilization of healthcare services according in relation to the individual's status in the labor market. METHODS: This study was based on 39,925 males aged 15 to 64 years living in 10 Brazilian metropolitan

  1. Hanford, diversification, and the Tri-Cities Economy FY 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    SCOTT, M.J.

    1999-01-01

    The missions of the U.S. Department of Energy's Richland Operations Office (DOE/RL) are to safely manage the Hanford Site, to manage and clean up its legacy wastes, and to develop and deploy new science and technology in the environmental and energy fields. Collectively, DOE/RL and its contractors are the most important single entity in the Tri-Cities local economy (Pasco, Kennewick, and Richland, Washington, and the surrounding area). Although the relevant economic region affected by DOE/RL and its contractors actually embraces a geographic area reaching from Yakima in the west to Walla Walla in the east and from Moses Lake in the north to Pendleton, Oregon, in the south, over 90% of economic impacts likely occur in Benton and Franklin Counties. These two counties are defined as the ''local'' Tri-Cities economy for purposes of this study (see Figure 1). In the federal fiscal year (IV) 1998 (October 1, 1997 through September 30, 1998), the total impact of DOEs local $1.6 billion budget was felt through payrolls of $519 million and local purchases of goods and services of $246 million. The total local spending of $765 million was down slightly from the FY 1997 total of $774 million. Taking into account the slightly greater multiplier effects of this spending due to changes in its mix, the DOE/RL budget sustained an estimated 36% of all local employment (31,200 out of 86,000 jobs) and up to 64% of local wage income ($1.55 billion out of $2.40 billion). This was up slightly from the year before (29,500 jobs, $1.49 billion income). DOE budget increases in FY 1999 are expected to result in a net increase of about 200 local DOE contractor jobs over the September 30, 1998 level, or about equal to the FY 1998 average. In addition, economic diversification more than offset the impact of the local DOE losses in FY 1998 and, together with an initial economic boost from privatization of Hanford's tank waste cleanup, is expected to play a significant expansive role in FY 1999

  2. Brazil: improved environmental policy in spite of the financial crisis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kasa, Sjur; Naess, Lars Otto

    2002-01-01

    Globalization is often thought of as being associated with increasing environmental problems. In particular this is true in connection with dramatic financial crises. Experience from the financial crisis in Brazil in 1998 to 1999, however, shows a more varied picture in which parts of the environmental policy were indeed improved. The article also discusses how representative the example of Brazil might be for generalization and points out that the reaction of Brazil on the financial crisis was mitigated by that country being a strong democracy with robust institutions

  3. Phytoplankton blooms induced/sustained by cyclonic eddies during the Indian Ocean Dipole event of 1997 along the southern coasts of Java and Sumatra

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reddy, P. Rahul Chand; Salvekar, P. S.

    2008-09-01

    The Indonesian archipelago is the gateway in the tropics connecting two oceans (Pacific and the Indian Ocean) and two continents (Asia and Australia). During the Indian Ocean Dipole 1997, record anomalous and unanticipated upwelling had occurred along the southern coasts of Java and Sumatra causing massive phytoplankton blooms. But the method/mode/process for such anomalous upwelling was not known. Using monthly SeaWifs chlorophyll-a anomalies, TOPEX Sea Surface Height (SSH) anomalies, Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) and currents from a state-of-the-art OGCM, we report the presence of a series of cyclonic eddies along southern coasts of Sumatra and Java during November, December 1997 and January 1998. Upwelling caused by these cyclonic eddies, as also supported by the SSH and SST anomalies, has been responsible for the phytoplankton blooms to persist and dissipate during the 3 months (November, December 1997 and January 1998).

  4. Improvement of HAART in Brazil, 1998-2008: a nationwide assessment of survival times after AIDS diagnosis among men who have sex with men.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Malta, Monica; da Silva, Cosme M F P; Magnanini, Monica Mf; Wirtz, Andrea L; Perissé, André R S; Beyrer, Chris; Strathdee, Steffanie A; Bastos, Francisco I

    2015-03-07

    In 1996, Brazil became the first developing country to provide free, universal access to HAART, laboratory monitoring, and clinical care to any eligible patient. As of June 2014, approximately 400,000 patients were under treatment, making it the most comprehensive HIV treatment initiative implemented thus far in a middle-income country, worldwide. The Brazilian epidemic is highly concentrated among men who have sex with men (MSM). Four national information systems were combined and Cox regression was used to conduct retrospective cohort analysis of HAART availability/access on all-cause mortality among MSM diagnosed with AIDS reported to the information systems between 1998-2008, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors and controlling for spatially-correlated survival data by including a frailty effect. Multiple imputation by chained equations was used to handle missing data. Among 50,683 patients, 10,326 died during the 10 year of period. All-cause mortality rates declined following introduction of HAART, and were higher among non-white patients and those starting HAART with higher viral load and lower CD4 counts. In multivariable analysis adjusted for race, age at AIDS diagnosis, and baseline CD4 cell count, MSM diagnosed in latter periods had almost a 50% reduction in the risk of death, compared to those diagnosed between 1998-2001 (2002-2005 adjHR: 0.54, 95% CI:0.51-0.57; 2006-2008 adjHR: 0.51, 95% CI:0.48-0.55). After controlling for spatially correlated survival data, mortality remained higher among those diagnosed in the earliest diagnostic cohort and lower among non-white patients and those starting HAART with higher viral load and lower CD4 lymphocyte counts. Universal and free access to HAART has helped achieve impressive declines in AIDS mortality in Brazil. However, after a 10-years follow-up, differential AIDS-related mortality continue to exist. Efforts are needed to identify and eliminate these health disparities, therefore

  5. Savannah River Site FY 1998 Spent Nuclear Fuel Interim Management Plan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dupont, M.E.

    1998-01-01

    This document has been prepared to present in one place the near and long-term plans for safe management of Savannah River Site (SRS) spent nuclear fuel inventories until final disposition has been identified and implemented. The activities described are consistent with FY 1998 Annual Operational Plan guidance and with the December 1997 SRS Accelerated Cleanup Plan update. Summarized are highlights, key decision dates, and baseline assumptions of this plan

  6. O papel dos estados na política de saúde mental no Brasil The role of States in mental health policy in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aline Gabriela Simon

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa o papel dos estados na política de saúde mental no Brasil no período de 1990 a 2009. A metodologia incluiu a aplicação de questionário eletrônico nas coordenações estaduais de saúde mental de 24 estados brasileiros, revisão documental e análise de base de dados oficiais. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que os estados utilizam várias estratégias e instrumentos na condução da política de saúde mental, principalmente no monitoramento e na prestação de serviços. No entanto, percebeu-se que os estados ainda não desenvolvem de forma sistemática as funções de planejamento, coordenação federativa e coordenação da atenção. O financiamento em saúde mental representa um dos grandes desafios para a gestão dessa área nos estados. Os achados deste estudo sugerem que a superação dos desafios relacionados à condução estadual da política de saúde mental depende da articulação entre governo federal, estados e municípios na elaboração de políticas que atendam à especificidade de cada região, da promoção de um planejamento participativo e de investimentos para o setor.This article examines the role of States in mental health policy in Brazil from 1990 to 2009. The methods included the use of an electronic questionnaire on State coordination of mental health in 24 Brazilian States, document review, and analysis based on official data. The results showed that the States use various strategies and tools to conduct mental health policy, especially in monitoring and services delivery. However, the study showed that States have not developed systematic approaches to planning, coordination with other levels of government, or coordination of care. Funding poses a major challenge for management of mental health at the State level. The study suggests that overcoming the challenges in mental health policy depends on the relationship between the Federal government, States, and Municipalities in drafting

  7. Progress towards sustainable development : 1997 sustainable development report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The ways in which Shell Canada has been able to incorporate sustainable development concepts into the Company's business strategies were highlighted. The report describes Shell Canada's plans for protecting the air, water, wilderness, wildlife, soil and groundwater. Land reclamation of abandoned well sites, building a solid capability in emergency preparedness and a strong program to ensure health and safety, are also high on Shell Canada's priorities list. Achievements in 1997, led by the completion of environmental and socio-economic impact assessment of the Sable Offshore Energy Project and the announcement of plans for the construction of a mine and extraction plant north of Fort McMurray (Musked River Mine) Alberta, were reviewed. An ambitious list of objectives and targets for 1998 were also outlined. While in 1997 improvements in safety and sustainable development performance were impressive, financial results were also gratifying, with the Company reporting its best financial results ever. tabs., figs

  8. Post-Release Attributes and Survival of Hatchery and Natural Fall Chinook Salmon in the Snake River, Annual Report 1998.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tiffan, Kenneth F.; Rondorf, Dennis W.; Connor, William P.; Burge, Howard L.

    1999-12-01

    This report summarizes results of research activities conducted primarily in 1997 and 1998. This report communicates significant findings that will aid in the management and recovery of fall chinook salmon in the Columbia River Basin.

  9. Grau de cobertura dos planos de saúde e distribuição regional do gasto público em saúde Level of private health insurance coverage and regional distribution of public health expenditure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samuel Kilsztajn

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available O artigo analisa o grau de cobertura dos planos de saúde segundo as classes de rendimento mensal familiar e por unidade da federação e a distribuição dos recursos da Rede-SUS e do gasto público total em saúde por usuário dos serviços públicos de saúde nas regiões Norte-Nordeste e Centro-Sul do país. São apresentados e discutidos também os indicadores do gasto público total em saúde como percentual do PIB gerado nas regiões.This paper analyses the level of private health insurance coverage by classes of income and by states in Brazil and the distribution of the total public health expenditure by public health users in the North-Northeast and Central-South regions of the country. The paper also presents and discusses the total public health expenditure as a percentage of regional GDP.

  10. Políticas de saúde no Brasil nos anos 2000: a agenda federal de prioridades Health policies in Brazil in the 2000s: the national priority agenda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristiani Vieira Machado

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available O artigo analisa as prioridades da política nacional da saúde no período de 2003 a 2008, correspondente ao Governo Lula. A pesquisa envolveu revisão bibliográfica, análise documental, análise de dados e entrevistas com dirigentes federais. Foram identificadas quatro prioridades na agenda federal da saúde: a Estratégia Saúde da Família, o Brasil Sorridente, os Serviços de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência e o programa Farmácia Popular. A primeira configura uma política de alta densidade institucional, iniciada no governo anterior, constituindo um exemplo de "dependência da trajetória". As demais foram adotadas como marcos de governo e trouxeram inovações em áreas em que havia fragilidades da atuação federal. As quatro políticas prioritárias analisadas se voltam para problemas relevantes do sistema de saúde brasileiro, porém apresentam diferenças quanto à sua trajetória, base de apoio e implicações para os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde. Apesar de mudanças incrementais, observou-se a predominância de elementos de continuidade na política nacional de saúde no período.This article analyzes Brazilian national health priorities from 2003 to 2008 under the Lula Administration. The study included a literature review, document analysis, and interviews with Federal health administrators. Four priorities were identified on the national health agenda: the Family Health Program, Smiling Brazil, Mobile Emergency Services, and the Popular Pharmacy Program. The first is a policy with high institutional density launched by the previous Administration, constituting an example of path dependence. The other three are innovations in areas where there had been weaknesses in Federal government action. The four policy priorities are strategies focused on solving key problems in the Brazilian health system. However, they display important differences in their historical development, political and institutional base, inclusion on

  11. Cat-transmitted Sporotrichosis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    OpenAIRE

    Schubach, Armando; Schubach, Tânia Maria Pacheco; Barros, Mônica Bastos de Lima; Wanke, Bodo

    2005-01-01

    Sporotrichosis is an emerging zoonosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From 1998 to 2003, 497 humans and 1,056 cats with culture-proven sporotrichosis were studied. A total of 421 patients, 67.4% with a history of a scratch or bite, reported contact with cats that had sporotrichosis.

  12. Análise do diagrama do modelo de promoção da saúde de Nola J. Pender

    OpenAIRE

    Victor,Janaína Fonseca; Lopes,Marcos Venícios de Oliveira; Ximenes,Lorena Barbosa

    2005-01-01

    INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil, não encontramos referencias teóricas quanto ao uso do Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola J. Pender , apesar de sua ampla utilização por pesquisadores americanos, asiáticos e europeus, para estudar comportamentos que levam à promoção da saúde. OBJETIVO: Analisar o diagrama do modelo de Promoção da saúde de Nola J. Pender. MÉTODO: Utilizou-se o método de análise de teorias proposto por Meleis em 1997. RESULTADOS: A análise permitiu evidenciar que a representação gráfica ...

  13. Voluntary reporting of greenhouse gases 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-05-01

    The Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program, required by Section 1605(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, records the results of voluntary measures to reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas emissions. In 1998, 156 US companies and other organizations reported to the Energy information Administration that, during 1997, they had achieved greenhouse gas emission reductions and carbon sequestration equivalent to 166 million tons of carbon dioxide, or about 2.5% of total US emissions for the year. For the 1,229 emission reduction projects reported, reductions usually were measured by comparing an estimate of actual emissions with an estimate of what emissions would have been had the project not been implemented.

  14. Developing a Partnership with Brazil - An Emerging Power

    Science.gov (United States)

    2004-03-19

    Cultura e Opulência do Brasil ” (1711) was one of those who set the path of national pride, emphasizing the nation’s natural majesty and greatness. After...www.latinnews.com/leb/LEB2370.asp? instance=3& mode=a>. Internet. Accessed 7 October 2003. “Avance de Lula: Brasil como sitio del diálogo entre Farc y ONU...of Brazil, 1997 Revised ed. Brasília: Senado Federal, 1997. Costa, Roberto Teixeira da. “ Brasil y Argentina: más diálogo y sentido común.” El

  15. A saúde bucal em pauta: análise de registros dos Conselhos Municipais de Saúde de municípios pertencentes à 17ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Brasil Oral health on the public agenda: an analysis of Municipal Health Council records in cities from the 17th Regional Health Division in the State of Paraná, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosani Aparecida Alves-Souza

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo a análise das intervenções em saúde bucal, registradas em atas de reuniões, de 15 Conselhos Municipais de Saúde, próprios de municípios pertencentes à 17ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná. A análise documental deu-se a partir da identificação das temáticas em saúde, com ênfase na categorização por assunto das intervenções em saúde bucal. Os resultados evidenciaram os registros relativos à programação e organização da prestação de serviços, seguida pelo orçamento em saúde, como sendo os mais freqüentes do conjunto de temáticas analisadas. Pôde-se identificar, em 90 atas das 591 estudadas, o total de 134 registros de intervenções em saúde bucal. Por meio da análise desses últimos, percebeu-se que as intervenções em saúde bucal eram relatos de ações já concretizadas, desprovidas de características propositivas quando analisadas sob a dimensão do planejamento em saúde. Sinaliza-se para a necessidade da categoria odontológica de adquirir um maior padrão de representatividade nesses espaços, de forma a possibilitar vínculos importantes no processo de planejamento e de fortalecimento da saúde bucal enquanto direito de cidadania.The present study analyzes interventions pertaining to oral health recorded in the minutes of meetings held by 15 Municipal Health Councils in cities from the 17th Regional Health Division of the State of Paraná, Brazil. Document analysis was performed by identifying health themes, emphasizing categorization of issues related to interventions in oral health. The most frequently analyzed themes were records concerning the programming and organization of oral health services, followed by health budget issues. In 90 of the 591 minutes studied, 134 records pertaining to oral health interventions were identified. An analysis of the latter showed that oral health interventions involve reports of actions already implemented and lack the

  16. Communication of 25 June 1998 received from the Permanent Mission of India to the International Atomic Energy Agency

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The document reproduces the text of a communication dated 25 June 1998 received by the Director General of the IAEA from the Permanent Mission of India to the IAEA regarding the Joint Ministerial Declaration released by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Slovenia, South Africa and Sweden (INFCIRC/565). The Press Statement issued by the Government of India on 23 June 1998 is attached

  17. Communication of 25 June 1998 received from the Permanent Mission of India to the International Atomic Energy Agency

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-06-30

    The document reproduces the text of a communication dated 25 June 1998 received by the Director General of the IAEA from the Permanent Mission of India to the IAEA regarding the Joint Ministerial Declaration released by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Slovenia, South Africa and Sweden (INFCIRC/565). The Press Statement issued by the Government of India on 23 June 1998 is attached

  18. Impacto das ações de imunização pelo Programa Saúde da Família na mortalidade infantil por doenças evitáveis em Olinda, Pernambuco, Brasil Impact of immunization measures by the Family Health Program on infant mortality from preventable diseases in Olinda, Pernambuco State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tânia Maria Rocha Guimarães

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo aborda o impacto do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF na saúde infantil no Município de Olinda, Pernambuco, Brasil, por meio da avaliação da vacinação e mortalidade infantil por causas evitáveis. Realizou-se um estudo de série temporal com os dados dos principais sistemas de informação em saúde, usando-se a análise dos indicadores ex-ante e ex-post da implantação do PSF, em 1995. A variável independente foi o ano de nascimento relacionado com grau de cobertura da população pelo PSF. Analisou-se três períodos: 1990/1994 (anterior, 1995/1996 (implantação: cobertura de 0% a 30%, 1997/2002 (intervenção: cobertura de 38,6% a 54%. A tendência dos indicadores foi analisada pela regressão linear simples, sendo testada a significância pelo teste t. No período de implantação houve aumento de todas as médias das coberturas vacinais (176% BCG, 223% pólio, 52% DPT, 61% sarampo e redução da mortalidade infantil por causas evitáveis (12,7 óbitos/ano, mesmo não havendo diminuição da pobreza absoluta no município ou aumento das coberturas das redes públicas de saúde nem de esgotamento. A melhoria nos indicadores demonstra a efetividade das ações do PSF no município.This article analyzes the impact of the Family Health Program (FHP on infant health in Olinda, Pernambuco State, Brazil, evaluating immunization and infant mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. A time-series study was conducted with data from the principal health information systems, analyzing indicators before and after implementation of the FHP in 1995. The independent variable was year of birth, related to degree of population coverage by the FHP. Three periods were analyzed: 1990-1994 (prior, 1995-1996 (implementation phase: 0 to 30% coverage, and 1997-2002 (intervention: coverage of 38.6% to 54%. Trends in the indicators were analyzed by simple linear regression, testing significance with the t test. During the implementation period

  19. PSAC 1998 - Western Canada Activity forecast: Mid-stream update

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-05-01

    This mid-term update of drilling activity in Western Canada during the last quarter of 1997 and the first quarter of 1998 was prepared as a tool to aid oilfield service companies in their near-term planning. The forecast is based on an examination of the activity in the last two quarters and identifiable developing trends. Cost figures have been updated based on the revised activity projections and a review of current costs of goods and services as compared to the 1997 Well Cost Study. The data provided is based on information supplied by the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (EUB) and similar agencies in the other provinces. The data has been reorganized and reinterpreted to meet the needs of the intended target group, the oilfield service companies. This reorganization was needed because the data had been originally provided by operators to a regulatory agency and these various provincial agencies are not standardized in their information requirements. In general, oil well drilling activity is projected to decline in the near-term due to a significant decline in world oil prices. Gas drilling activity is expected to increase substantially over 1997, possibly by as much as 10 per cent

  20. The interdisciplinarity experienced in the PET- Saúde program A interdisciplinaridade vivenciada no PET-Saúde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sueli Moreira Pirolo

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: The incorporation of the oral health team in the Family Health Strategy (ESF, in 2000, enabled the adoption of a more active attitude of Primary Health Care in this field, in as much as oral health consists of an inseparable and integral part of the individual’s health. The interaction of health professionals becomes possible through policies like “PET-Saúde” which promotes the professional formation articulated with the ESF professionals as well as the process of integration of teaching, service and community in the perspective of interdisciplinarity. Objective: To report the experience of students during an interdisciplinary research. Description of the experience: This report was experienced in “PET-Saúde” of the Faculty of Medicine of Marília, at the “Man’s Health” subproject aiming at elaborating and validating a data collection instrument through Delphi Technique in order to help the health care team to detect early dental problems because of the damaged oral health pattern of the age group between 35 and 44 in Brazil. The members of this study are: medical and nursing students, a dentist preceptor and a nursing tutor. For the educational activities, the active methodology of teaching-learning was used. Conclusion: The reflexive actions, the moments for discussions provided the development of scientific investigation. The approximation of the process of validation through Delphi Technique also allowed the expansion of multidisciplinary knowledge on oral health. This experience made it possible to qualify the academic-professional formation on the interdisciplinary approach, and it’s important to strengthen the interaction among professionals and the articulation of health actions.Introdução: A incorporação da equipe de saúde bucal na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF, em 2000, possibilitou a adoção de uma postura mais ativa de atenção primária nesta área, visto que a saúde bucal consiste

  1. Annual report 1998-1999

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-07-01

    The Sustainable Development Fund was created in October 1989 to provide financial assistance towards the development, implementation and promotion of innovative projects, activities, research and developments which support sustainable development. The Fund provides grants in support of innovative projects that further the sustainability of Manitoba's economy, environment, human health and social well-being, and encourages partnerships to make a contribution towards these same ends. Revenue for the Fund is derived from an environmental protection tax on glass liquor bottles and disposable diapers. During 1998/1999 the Fund provided financial assistance to 81 projects, expending a total of $2,520,743. Twenty-three projects were carried over from 1997/1998; funding for these projects totalled $ 263,401. The fund supported projects in eco-tourism (2 projects); education (15 projects); energy conservation (two projects); natural environment (13 projects); sustainable agriculture (five projects); sustainable development policy (two projects); urban/community environment (30 projects); waste management (five projects); water conservation (three projects); and Tax equivalency grants and broad allocations (4 projects). Fund-approved projects are submitted to Cabinet for review and final approval. Approved projects over $ 25,000 also require the approval of Treasury Board. The annual report provides a statistical summary of all projects by categories, and all associated expenditures.Text of Chapter 270 of the Sustainable Development Act under which this Fund was created, is appended.

  2. Suppression or knockout of SaF/SaM overcomes the Sa-mediated hybrid male sterility in rice

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Yongyao Xie; Baixiao Niu; Yunming Long; Gousi Li; Jintao Tang; Yaling Zhang; Ding Ren; Yao-Guang Liu; Letian Chen

    2017-01-01

    Hybrids between the indica and japonica subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa) are usually sterile, which hinders utilization of heterosis in the inter-subspecific hybrid breeding. The complex locus Sa comprises two adjacently located genes, SaF and SaM, which interact to cause abortion of pollen grains carrying the japonica allele in japonica-indica hybrids. Here we showed that silencing of SaF or SaM by RNA interference restored male fertility in indica-japonica hybrids with heterozygous Sa. We further used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-based genome editing to knockout the SaF and SaM alleles, respectively, of an indica rice line to create hybrid-compatible lines. The resultant artificial neutral alleles did not affect pollen viability and other agricultural traits, but did break down the reproductive barrier in the hybrids. We found that some rice lines have natural neutral allele Sa-n, which was compatible with the typical japonica or indica Sa alleles in hybrids. Our results demonstrate that SaF and SaM are required for hybrid male sterility, but are not essential for pollen development. This study provides effective approaches for the generation of hybrid-compatible lines by knocking out the Sa locus or using the natural Sa-n allele to overcome hybrid male sterility in rice breeding.

  3. ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE CUSTOS DE PRODUÇÃO E RENDA NA ATIVIDADE LEITEIRA NA REGIÃO SUL GOIANO: 1997/1998 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DAIRY PRODUCTION COSTS AND INCOME IN SOUTHERN GOIÁS STATE 1997/1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renato Pinto da Silva Júnior

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available

    O estudo visa a analisar comparativamente o custo de produção e a renda da atividade leiteira na Mesorregião Sul Goiano, de outubro de 1997 a setembro de 1998, a partir de uma amostra intencional composta por 34 produtores, divididos em três grupos. Os elementos de análise foram: unidade animal (UA, vaca em lactação (VL, hectare de pastagem (ha e relação renda total e custo total. Os dois primeiros indicam o desempenho relativo do plantel leiteiro, enquanto o terceiro avalia o das pastagens. A relação renda total-custo total apresenta índices inferiores à unidade (0,60 a 0,93 que indicam que, em termos médios, os empresários não conseguiram obter retornos positivos líquidos para suas inversões. Os resultados e índices, calculados a partir dos valores “caixa”, revelam que todas as relações renda-custo são maiores que a unidade (1,06 a 1,31, que indica o relativo sucesso financeiro dos empresários do setor leiteiro da região Sul Goiano. Dificuldades devem ser superadas pelo setor leiteiro, tais como reduzir os custos fixos da atividade; melhorar a produtividade, o manejo do rebanho e a utilização das pastagens; reduzir as diferenças na profissionalização dos produtores; evitar a instabilidade na produção mensal de leite e nos preços recebidos pelos produtores.

    PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Renda; custo; rentabilidade leiteira.

    This paper shows a comparative analysis of the dairy cattle production cost and income in the Southern Goiás State mesoregion using data from an intentional sample of 34 producers, from October 1997 to September l998. The main variables were the animal unit (UA, the number of milking cows (VL, hectare of pasture (ha, and total income/total cost ratio. The first two indicate the herd relative performance while the third evaluates

  4. Cat-transmitted Sporotrichosis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schubach, Tânia Maria Pacheco; Barros, Mônica Bastos de Lima; Wanke, Bodo

    2005-01-01

    Sporotrichosis is an emerging zoonosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From 1998 to 2003, 497 humans and 1,056 cats with culture-proven sporotrichosis were studied. A total of 421 patients, 67.4% with a history of a scratch or bite, reported contact with cats that had sporotrichosis. PMID:16485488

  5. Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Properties of Ce Doped Bi2MoO6 Nanoplates

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anukorn Phuruangrat

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Undoped and Ce doped Bi2MoO6 samples were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction at 180°C for 20 h. Phase, morphology, atomic vibration, and optical properties were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Raman spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, selected area electron diffraction (SAED, and UV-visible spectroscopy. In this research, the products were orthorhombic Bi2MoO6 nanoplates with the growth direction along the [0b0], including the asymmetric and symmetric stretching and bending modes of Bi–O and Mo–O. Undoped and Ce doped Bi2MoO6 samples show a strong absorption in the UV region.

  6. Electrical equipment service. 1997-1998; Service materiel electrique. 1997-1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    1997-12-31

    This brochure edited by the electrical equipment service from the direction of studies and researches (DER) of Electricite de France (EdF) presents some of their remarkable realizations in the domain of energy, their expertise activity in attendance on electricity producers, forwarders and distributors, their expertise activity in attendance on industrialists, and the know-how of their testing laboratories in attendance on designers and operators. (J.S.)

  7. 1997-1999 Philippine Economic Downturn : A Preventable One

    OpenAIRE

    Edita A. Tan

    2000-01-01

    The paper tries to trace the downturn in the economy in 1997-1998 and compares it with the crisis experienced in Thailand, Korea and Indonesia. The downturn was not of the magnitude of their crisis and had different causes. GDP fell by a lower rate from 5.2% to -.5%. The decline was of the same magnitude as in the 1990-1991 recession when GDP fell from the average rate of 5.4% in 1986-1990 to .5% in 1991. Supply shocks were the major cause of both recession- in 1990-91 there were the earthqua...

  8. 1997 Annual report: Reaching Canadians coast-to-coast

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1997-01-01

    The Petroleum Communication Foundation was established in 1975 with the mandate to increase public awareness and public understanding of Canada's petroleum industry through factual and balanced communication and educational services. The Foundation's programs and services are intended to be used in employee training and communication, in school projects and curricula, as background information for business, the media, government and the investment community, as well as in customer/client communications. This booklet reviews activities and accomplishments in 1997, provides an audited financial statement, a brief summary of projects planned for 1998 and a list of the Foundation's various committees and their membership

  9. Estudo comparativo de alguns indicadores em municípios do Estado de São Paulo segundo a implantação do Saúde da Família Estudio comparativo de algunos indicadores en municipios del Estado de São Paulo según la implantación del Programa Salud de la Familia Comparative study of some health indicators in municipalities of the State of São Paulo in accordance to the implementation of the Family Health Program

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariângela Guanaes Bortolo da Cruz

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever comparativamente o comportamento de três indicadores de saúde: mortalidade infantil; cobertura vacinal/taxa de abandono da vacina DPT e hospitalizações em menores de 5 anos, em dois Blocos de sete municípios paulistas, com características sócio-econômicas semelhantes, mas diferenciados por terem implantado (Bloco A e não implantado (Bloco B o Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF, sendo parâmetro para esta comparação os mesmos indicadores de saúde para o Estado de São Paulo. Utilizou-se do cálculo e da descrição dos indicadores para cada Bloco estudado, nos seguintes períodos: mortalidade infantil (triênio 1995-997 e 1998-2000, cobertura vacinal básica (de 1996 a 2000, taxa de abandono da vacina DPT (triênio 1998-2000 e hospitalizações em menores de cinco anos (triênio 1998-2000. Verificou-se que a implantação do PSF foi um dos fatores que contribuiu para a queda das taxas de mortalidade infantil e abandono da vacina DPT.Este estudio tuvo por objetivo describir el comportamiento de tres indicadores de salud: mortalidad infantil; cobertura vacuna/tasa de abandono de la vacuna DPT y hospitalizaciones en menores de 5 años, en dos Grupos de siete municipios paulistas, con semejantes características socio económicas pero diferenciados por la implantación (Grupo A o no (Grupo B del Programa de Salud de la Familia (PSF siendo el parámetro para esta descripción los mismos indicadores del Estado de São Paulo. Se utilizó el cálculo y la descripción de los indicadores para cada grupo estudiado, en los siguientes períodos: mortalidad infantil (trienio 1995-1997 y 1998-2000, cobertura de vacunas básica (de 1996 al 2000, tasa de abandono de la vacuna DPT (trienio 1998-2000 y hospitalizaciones en menores de cinco años (trienio 1998-2000. Se verificó que la implantación del PSF fue uno de los factores que contribuyó para la caída de las tasas de mortalidad infantil y abandono de la

  10. Suppression or knockout of SaF/SaM overcomes the Sa-mediated hybrid male sterility in rice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xie, Yongyao; Niu, Baixiao; Long, Yunming; Li, Gousi; Tang, Jintao; Zhang, Yaling; Ren, Ding; Liu, Yao-Guang; Chen, Letian

    2017-09-01

    Hybrids between the indica and japonica subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa) are usually sterile, which hinders utilization of heterosis in the inter-subspecific hybrid breeding. The complex locus Sa comprises two adjacently located genes, SaF and SaM, which interact to cause abortion of pollen grains carrying the japonica allele in japonica-indica hybrids. Here we showed that silencing of SaF or SaM by RNA interference restored male fertility in indica-japonica hybrids with heterozygous Sa. We further used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-based genome editing to knockout the SaF and SaM alleles, respectively, of an indica rice line to create hybrid-compatible lines. The resultant artificial neutral alleles did not affect pollen viability and other agricultural traits, but did break down the reproductive barrier in the hybrids. We found that some rice lines have natural neutral allele Sa-n, which was compatible with the typical japonica or indica Sa alleles in hybrids. Our results demonstrate that SaF and SaM are required for hybrid male sterility, but are not essential for pollen development. This study provides effective approaches for the generation of hybrid-compatible lines by knocking out the Sa locus or using the natural Sa-n allele to overcome hybrid male sterility in rice breeding. © 2017 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

  11. PPARC. 1998 business plan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The 1998 PPARC Business Plan is based on the allocation of Pound Sterling 191.268M for 1998/99 set out in 'Allocation of the Science Budget 1998-99'. The objectives and programme to be pursued by PPARC in the years 1998/99 to 2001/02 inclusive are set out; the internal programme guidelines remain largely as in the 1997 Business Plan. Detailed spending plans have only been drawn up for 1998/99, pending the outcome of the government's Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR), and may have to be revised in the light of that Review. Firm commitments for domestic expenditure already made, or to be made before the outcome of the CSR is known, will not exceed 95% of the domestic expenditure allocation for 1998/99 in 1999/00, and 90% thereof in 2000/01. The past decade has been one of exceptional progress in both astronomy and particle physics, with the very real prospect of making further major advances in the next decade. PPARC supported scientists have played a significant role in securing this progress, and Council is concerned to ensure that they should continue to do so. The recognised world-class strength of current and past UK research and training in astronomy and particle physics is in large measure due to investments made ten or more years ago, and this investment must continue into the future. Since its inception in 1994, Council has been striving to create additional headroom for new investment, and this Business Plan is the first in which Council's efforts will be fully realised, with the restructuring of the Royal Observatories being completed in 1998199, continued efficiency gains at all sites, and reduction in the CERN and ESA budgets, all contributing to increased flexibility in the domestic science programme. The PPARC programme is dominated by long term international commitments with a planning horizon which extends well beyond 2001/02. Council therefore plans on a correspondingly long timescale, drawing on the 'Road Map' of opportunities of the highest

  12. Cadeia de valor da saúde: um modelo para o sistema de saúde brasileiro Healthcare value chain: a model for the Brazilian healthcare system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Caldeira Pedroso

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta um modelo de cadeia de valor da saúde que representa, de maneira esquemática, o sistema de saúde do Brasil. O modelo proposto tem como intuito apresentar uma adequação à realidade brasileira, bem como abrangência e flexibilidade para utilização em atividades acadêmicas e análises do setor de saúde do Brasil. O modelo coloca ênfase em três componentes: principais atividades dessa cadeia, agrupadas em elos verticais e horizontais; missão de cada um desses elos; e principais fluxos da cadeia. A cadeia proposta é formada por seis elos verticais e três horizontais, perfazendo um total de nove: desenvolvimento de conhecimento em saúde; fornecimento de produtos e tecnologias; serviços de saúde; intermediação financeira; financiamento da saúde; consumo de saúde; regulação; distribuição de produtos de saúde; e serviços de apoio e complementares. A análise da cadeia proposta pode ser realizada por meio de quatro fluxos: inovação e conhecimento; produtos e serviços; financeiro; e de informação.This article presents a model of the healthcare value chain which consists of a schematic representation of the Brazilian healthcare system. The proposed model is adapted for the Brazilian reality and has the scope and flexibility for use in academic activities and analysis of the healthcare sector in Brazil. It places emphasis on three components: the main activities of the value chain, grouped in vertical and horizontal links; the mission of each link and the main value chain flows. The proposed model consists of six vertical and three horizontal links, amounting to nine. These are: knowledge development; supply of products and technologies; healthcare services; financial intermediation; healthcare financing; healthcare consumption; regulation; distribution of healthcare products; and complementary and support services. Four flows can be used to analyze the value chain: knowledge and innovation; products and

  13. Report for fiscal 1997 by gasification technology subcommittee, Coal Gasification Committee; 1997 nendo sekitan gas ka iinkai gas ka gijutsu bukai hokokusho

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-03-01

    The 1st meeting of the subcommittee was held on August 1, 1997, and the 2nd meeting on February 24, 1998. Research plans for developing coal hydrogasification technology were reported and the achievements were brought under deliberation. The Coal Gasification Committee met in a plenary session on March 10, 1998, and reports were delivered and deliberation was made on the progress of coal gasification technology development. Reported in relation with studies using an experimental coal hydrogasification system were findings obtained by use of a small test unit, development of an injector, hot model test, cold model test, development of a cooled char extraction technology, development of a concentrated coal transportation technology, etc. Reported in relation with studies of assistance were the basic study of coal hydrogasification reaction, structure of and materials for a hydrogasification furnace, etc. Reports were also delivered on the survey and research of friendliness toward the community of coal hydrogasification technology development and on the study of coal gasification for fuel cells. (NEDO)

  14. Saúde e ambiente no Brasil: desenvolvimento, território e iniqüidade social Health and environment in Brazil: development, territory, and social iniquity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Maria Rigotto

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available As autoras apresentam uma abordagem das iniqüidades sócio-ambientais no Brasil, decorrentes do modelo de desenvolvimento, no contexto atual da globalização, e as perspectivas da luta social. A realização histórica da ideologia do desenvolvimento tem implicado em profundas transformações do território, com sérias repercussões sobre a saúde das populações e dos ecossistemas, as quais apenas muito recentemente começam a ser reconhecidas como problemas na agenda social. A tentativa de conciliar soluções para a crise social e a crise ambiental resultou na formulação da proposta de desenvolvimento sustentável - incorporada em alguns novos discursos no campo da saúde coletiva - cuja análise crítica é o ponto de partida deste artigo. O território foi examinado como um operador útil para analisar a expressão da ligação entre saúde, ambiente e desenvolvimento, revelador do paradoxo entre as potencialidades naturais e humanas do Brasil e sua pobreza, espelho da injustiça ambiental e da violação de direitos humanos. Trata-se de um conceito expandido de ordenação territorial, importante para criar a possibilidade de se compreender o contexto de modernização e de possibilidade das populações pobres conquistarem uma vida melhor.The present paper deals with the subject of socio-environmental injustice in Brazil as a consequence of the country's current development model in the context of globalization and from the perspective of social struggle. Over time the realization of the development ideology has introduced profound changes in the country's territory, with severe repercussions for population and ecosystem health that have only recently been included on the social agenda. Efforts to reconcile solutions to the social and environmental crises have converged in the concept of sustainable development, within new discourses in the field of collective health (and whose analysis provides the point of departure for this

  15. Energy report for Bavaria, 1998/99. Data on the development of the Bavarian energy industry, with an energy balance; Energiebericht Bayern 1998/99. Daten zur Entwicklung der bayerischen Energiewirtschaft mit Energiebilanz

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-07-01

    The energy report presents an annotated statistical review of energy supply in Bavaria and addresses the energy policy and resulting activities of the Bavarian Land government. The energy balance and tabulated data for the various branches of the energy industry predominantly cover the year 1997, but whenever available, data for the years 1998 and 1999 have been included. As in previous energy reports, an annex to the report contains statements of the Bavarian Land government in reply to written questions of members of the Land Parliament, and energy policy decisions of the Land Parliament taken within the reporting period. (orig./CB) [German] Der vorliegende Bericht zeigt die Entwicklung der Energieversorung in Bayern und gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die energiepolitischen Aktivitaeten der Staatsregierung. Die Energiebilanz und die Datentabellen zu den einzelnen Energiezweigen beziehen sich im allgemeinen auf das Jahr 1997. Soweit bei einigen Energietraegern bereits Zahlen fuer 1998 und 1999 vorliegen, wurden sie in den Bericht mit aufgenommen. Im Anhang des Energieberichts sind wieder Stellungnahmen der Bayerischen Staatsregierung zu Schriftlichen Anfragen von Abgeordneten sowie Beschluessen des Bayerischen Landtags zur Energiepolitik aus dem Berichtszeitraum wiedergegeben. (orig.)

  16. Impacto de "El Niño 1997-98" sobre el ecosistema marino somero de la costa central del Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Tarazona B.

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Se analizó las características de intensidad y precocidad de las respuestas a "El Niño 1997-98" manifestada por el fitoplancton superficial, macroalgas de la orilla rocosa y macrobentos de fondo blando en la Bahía de Ancón (11º46' LS y 77211' LW, entre diciembre de 1996 y agosto de 1998. Este evento se caracterizó por un incremento significativo de la temperatura desde abril (17,4ºC y del oxígeno (2,46 mi x l" a partir de mayo de 1997, en los fondos del área de estudio. En el fitoplancton superficial se registró la presencia de especies indicadoras de aguas oceánicas cálidas desde enero y un inusual aumento en la densidad de dinoflagelados y microflagelados a inicios de abril de 1997. La densidad de la población de la macroalga Chondracanthus chamissoi alcanzó 2 684 indo x 32 m' de línea de orilla en octubre de 1997, y la proporción de gametofitos se incrementó durante 1998. La densidad y el número de especies del macrobentos de fondo blando alcanzaron los valores máximos de 90 indo x 0,04 m•2 y 20 especies en junio y noviembre de 1997, respectivamente; estas variaciones correlacionaron bien con los cambios en la intensidad de "El Niño". La biomasa llegó a su máximo valor de 0,55 g pssc x 0,04 m•2 recién en enero de 1998. Finalmente, se demuestra que el impacto biológico de "El Niño 1997-98" fue menor al del evento de 1982-83, no obstante la similitud en la intensidad de ambos eventos; y que las aguas someras presentaron indicadores tempranos y confiables de "El Niño", tanto en el fitoplancton como en el bentos. Además, la presencia de un período post-Niño demuestra que el impacto de "El Niño" sobre las poblaciones y comunidades puede ser complejo.

  17. 1997-98 statistical data of the natural gas industry in France

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    This document summarizes the main economical results of the natural gas industry sector in France for 1997 and 1998. An overview of the gas market is also given (natural gas, LPG, fire damp gas, etc..). Several statements are provided for the natural gas: sectoral analysis of consumptions, number of consumers and amount of supplies, personnel status of the natural gas industry, consumptions in the industry, share of natural gas in the French energy balance sheet.. (J.S.)

  18. Alguns desafios conceituais e técnico-operacionais para o desenvolvimento do Programa de Saúde da Família como uma proposta transformadora do modelo assistencial Some conceptual and technicanoperational chanenges for the development of the Family Health Program as a proposal to change the health care model in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Augusto Orazem Favoreto

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo discute algumas questões teórico-conceituais e técnico-operacionais que vêm fundamentando os serviços e as práticas dos profissionais médicos do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF no Brasil. Foram utilizados dados de três fontes distintas: a textos que configuraram o debate internacional sobre promoção de saúde e saúde da família; b documentos e propostas do Ministério da Saúde e c dados produzidos em estudos empíricos sobre a implantação do PSF em algumas localidades no Brasil. Procura-se situar, no novo arranjo organizacional proposto pelo programa, os limites e desafios postos ao desenvolvimento de saberes e práticas de saúde capazes de contribuir para a ampliação da resolutividade e da integralidade das intervenções individuais e coletivas em saúde, no âmbito da atenção básica do SUS.This article discusses key theoretical/conceptual and technical/operational issues underlying the services provided and practices performed by physicians in the Family Health Program (PSF in Brazil. Three different data sources were used: a literature from the international debate on health promotion and family health; b documents and proposals by the Brazilian Ministry of Health; and c data from empirical studies on the implementation of the PSF in selected areas of Brazil. Within the new organizational framework proposed by the Program, the article attempts to identify the limits and chanenges to the development of health-related knowledge and practice capable of helping expand the case-resolving capacity and integrality of individual and conective health interventions within the basic care provided under the Unified Health System (SUS.

  19. Fatores associados às internações hospitalares no Brasil Analysis of hospital admissions associated factors in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mônica Silva Monteiro de Castro

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo foi identificar fatores associados às admissões hospitalares no Brasil, analisando se essa utilização é eqüitativa e identificando características associadas aos grandes usuários. A PNAD/1998 foi analisada, utilizando regressão logística e regressão logística multinomial, com pesos normalizados e técnicas estatísticas para correção do efeito de desenho. O modelo teórico utilizado foi o Comportamental de Andersen. No modelo ajustado por necessidade de saúde e fatores capacitantes, pessoas com menor renda apresentaram maior chance de se internar; o contrário ocorreu no modelo ajustado somente por necessidade de saúde. Todas as variáveis de necessidade mostraram-se menos relacionadas ao uso nas pessoas com duas internações, em comparação com aquelas com mais do que duas internações. Não houve associação entre variáveis sociais e ocorrência de duas internações, mas essa associação ocorreu para três ou mais internações. A redução das desigualdades sociais nos aspectos que "capacitam" ao uso de admissões hospitalares reduziria as desigualdades neste uso. Um sistema de saúde que ofereça um "serviço de uso regular", além de baixo ou nenhum pagamento no ato do consumo, seriam medidas de impacto positivo na eqüidade do consumo de serviços hospitalares no Brasil.The objective was to identify hospital admission associated factors in Brazil, analyzing if that utilization is equitable and identifying which characteristics are associated with heavy users. We analyzed data from the 1998 National Household Survey, using logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression, with normalized weights and statistical techniques to correct for design effect. We used Andersen's Behavioral Model as the theoretical model for this analysis. In model adjusted for health needs and enabling factors, people with smaller income had more chance of being admitted to hospital; and in model adjusted only for health

  20. Mangrove bird community of Paranaguá Bay - Paraná, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Augusto Macedo Mestre

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available This study describes the mangrove bird community of Paranaguá Bay in Paraná - South Brazil. Seasonal surveys were conducted during September 1997 to September 1998 at three sites in Paranaguá Bay. Frequencies and abundances of birds were registered in 200m transects and one hour point counts. A total of 81 bird species were observed in the three sampling sites. Most of the bird species in Paranaguá mangroves are fruits, seeds and arthropods consumers, and predators of flying insects. The most frequent and abundant species were Egretta caerulea, Ceryle torquata, Chloroceryle amazona, Pitangus sulphuratus, Turdus amaurochalinus and Parula pitiayumi. The bird community of these three sites is composed mainly by forest bird species. The mangroves of Paranaguá Bay shelter one of the richest avifauna of Brazilian mangroves. Differences between sampling sites could be related to the proximity of the Paranaguá city and human impacts in the areas. Only in the most disturbed site were observed Passer domesticus and large flocks of Coragyps atratus. This study contributed to the knowledge of mangrove communities, and could be an important basis to fluvial-marine conservation plans in Paraná- Brazil.Este estudo teve como objetivos caracterizar a comunidade de aves de manguezais na baía de Paranaguá e comparar descritivamente a comunidade das três áreas amostradas, diferentes em relação à proximidade de centros urbanos. Foram amostradas sazonalmente, entre setembro de 1997 a setembro 1998, três áreas de manguezais a diferentes distâncias da cidade e do porto de Paranaguá. A avifauna foi registrada em transectos de 200m no interior dos manguezais e em observações de 1 hora em pontos fixos. Foram determinadas freqüência, abundancia relativa e densidade de espécies em cada área. Foram observadas 81 espécies de aves nas três áreas de manguezais. As guildas mais significativas foram das espécies consumidoras de frutos, sementes e artr

  1. Price-Anderson Nuclear Safety Enforcement Program. 1997 annual report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    This report summarizes activities in the Department of Energy's Price-Anderson Amendments Act (PAAA) Enforcement Program in calendar year 1997 and highlights improvements planned for 1998. The DOE Enforcement Program involves the Office of Enforcement and Investigation in the DOE Headquarters Office of Environment, Safety and Health, as well as numerous PAAA Coordinators and technical advisors in DOE Field and Program Offices. The DOE Enforcement Program issued 13 Notices of Violation (NOV's) in 1997 for cases involving significant or potentially significant nuclear safety violations. Six of these included civil penalties totaling $440,000. Highlights of these actions include: (1) Brookhaven National Laboratory Radiological Control Violations / Associated Universities, Inc.; (2) Bioassay Program Violations at Mound / EG ampersand G, Inc.; (3) Savannah River Crane Operator Uptake / Westinghouse Savannah River Company; (4) Waste Calciner Worker Uptake / Lockheed-Martin Idaho Technologies Company; and (5) Reactor Scram and Records Destruction at Sandia / Sandia Corporation (Lockheed-Martin). Sandia / Sandia Corporation (Lockheed-Martin)

  2. Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the United States, 1997-2002.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chapman, Alice S; Murphy, Staci M; Demma, Linda J; Holman, Robert C; Curns, Aaron T; McQuiston, Jennifer H; Krebs, John W; Swerdlow, David L

    2006-01-01

    Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is the most commonly reported fatal tick-borne disease in the United States. During 1997-2002, 3,649 cases of RMSF were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention via the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance; 2,589 case report forms, providing supplemental information, were also submitted. The average annual RMSF incidence during 1997-2002 was 2.2 cases/million persons. The annual incidence increased during 1997-2002 to a rate of 3.8 cases/million persons in 2002. The incidence was lowest among persons aged<5 and 10-29 years, and highest among adults aged 60-69 years. The overall case-fatality rate was 1.4%; the rate peaked in 1998 at 2.9% and declined to 0.7% in 2001 and 2002. Children<5 years of age had a case-fatality rate (5%) that was significantly greater than the rates for age groups<60 years of age, except for that for 40-49 years of age. Continued national surveillance is needed to assess the effectiveness of prevention efforts and early treatment in decreasing severe morbidity and mortality associated with RMSF.

  3. QUEST: An Assessment Tool for Web-Based Learning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choren, Ricardo; Blois, Marcelo; Fuks, Hugo

    In 1997, the Software Engineering Laboratory at Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) implemented the first version of AulaNet (TM) a World Wide Web-based educational environment. Some of the teaching staff will use this environment in 1998 to offer regular term disciplines through the Web. This paper introduces Quest, a tool…

  4. Associativismo, participação e cultura cívica: O potencial dos conselhos de saúde Associativism, participacion, civic culture and health councils in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Eliana Labra

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available No Brasil, a democratização e a descentralização abriram espaço para inúmeras experiências de participação popular em arenas de decisão de políticas públicas. O setor saúde se destaca no país e na América Latina pelo funcionamento de mais de 5.500 conselhos de saúde, nos quais a representação da sociedade civil organizada é compartilhada de forma paritária com autoridades setoriais, prestadores profissionais e institucionais e trabalhadores do setor. Este trabalho apresenta resultados de pesquisa que buscou traçar um perfil sociopolítico dos representantes dos usuários nos conselhos de saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A exposição aborda elementos teóricos relativos a temas como democracia, associativismo e cultura cívica, examina a democratização brasileira, a reforma do sistema de saúde e os conselhos de saúde, e analisa os dados da investigação. Entre as considerações finais, postula-se que a participação nos conselhos de saúde fomenta um círculo virtuoso caracterizado pelo envolvimento dos cidadãos em questões de interesse geral, pela acumulação de capital social e pelo despertar de uma cultura cívica, contribuindo, em última instância, para o fortalecimento da democracia.In Brazil, the political democratization and decentralization processes opened spaces for a number of experiences of popular participation in policy decision arenas. The health sector outstands in the country as well as in Latin America because of the existence of more than 5.500 health councils in which representatives of the civil society organizations share half of the seats with those of health authorities, professional and institutional providers of health care, and of health workers. The purpose of this article is to present the main results of research endured to design a sociopolitical profile of the users' representatives in the health councils. The contents focuses on some theoretical issues concerning democracy

  5. Plains Energy Services Ltd. 1998 annual report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    Plains Energy Services Ltd. (Plains) is a two year old public company in the oil and gas service industry. It provides an integrated pool of services, concentrating on the life cycle of oil and gas wells as the driver for its expansion. Although the industry saw a marked decrease in well drilling activity for 1998, Plains was able to sustain a consistent income and cash flow because of its focus on ensuring access to the well during drilling, completion, production and abandonment. For 1998, revenue reached a record $93.3 million, an 85 per cent increase over 1997. This report presented Plain's major achievements for 1998. These included the completed construction of a technical, machining and manufacturing facility to enhance the development and implementation of technology and equipment among all business units. The company also introduced coiled tubing drilling services in the North American marketplace, as well as the first commercial version of a casing inspection tool. Plain's also introduced production logging through their wireline services business and applied for four new patents in relation to downhole tool development. In 1998, the company consolidated their operations into four divisions including consolidation of administration, benefits, banking and related overhead services. This report also described the company's efforts in addressing the year 2000 challenge. The company's consolidated financial statements were presented for the benefit of shareholders. These included statements of earnings and deficit, balance sheets, as well as statements of changes in financial position. Notes to the consolidated financial statements included highlights of significant accounting policies, changes in accounting policies, acquisitions, discontinued operations, and capital assets. tabs., figs

  6. Maternal mortality due to hemorrhage in Brazil Mortalidad materna en Brasil debida a hemorragia Mortalidade materna por hemorragia no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria de Lourdes de Souza

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: to analyze the rates of maternal mortality due to hemorrhage identified in Brazil from 1997 to 2009. Methods: the time series and population data from the Brazilian Health Ministry, Mortality Information System and Live Birth Information System were examined. From the Mortality Information System, we initially selected all reported deaths of women between 10 and 49 years old, which occurred from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2009 in Brazil, recorded as a "maternal death". RESULTS: during the research period, 22,281 maternal deaths were identified, among which 3,179 were due to hemorrhage, accounting for 14.26% of the total deaths. The highest rates of maternal mortality were found in the North and Northeast areas of Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: the Brazilian scenario shows regional inequalities regarding maternal mortality. It presents hemorrhaging as a symptom and not as a cause of death. OBJETIVO: analizar las tasas de mortalidad materna debida a hemorragia, identificadas en Brasil durante el periodo de 1997 a 2009. MÉTODOS: fueron examinados los datos de series temporales y de población del Ministerio de la Salud de Brasil, del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad y del Sistema de Información de Nacidos Vivos. Del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad, inicialmente seleccionamos todos los informes sobre muerte de mujeres con edad entre 10 y 49 años, que ocurrieron entre el 01 de enero de 1997 y el 31 de diciembre de 2009, en Brasil, clasificadas como "muertes maternas". RESULTADOS: durante el periodo de investigación, fueron identificadas 22.281 muertes maternas, entre las cuales 3.179 se debieron a hemorragia, siendo responsables por 14,26% del total de muertes. La tasa más alta de mortalidad materna fue encontrada en las regiones Norte y Noreste de Brasil. CONCLUSIONES: el escenario brasileño muestra desigualdades regionales en lo que se refiere a mortalidad materna; este presenta la hemorragia como un síntoma y no como la

  7. Organization of cervical cancer screening in Campinas and surrounding region, São Paulo State, Brazil Organização do rastreamento do câncer do colo uterino em Campinas e região, São Paulo, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Carlos Zeferino

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Cervical cancer screening remains a challenge in developing countries due to a complex array of problems. This paper aimed to describe the experience with organization of cervical cancer screening in three districts of Campinas and the surrounding region in São Paulo State, Brazil, and to report the resulting data. The program was organized in a pyramid format, and the health care hierarchy was defined according to the complexity and total number of medical procedures. Screening has been extended currently to 88 municipalities, of which 51 are equipped with colposcopy and eight have facilities for treating advanced cervical cancer. The standardized incidence rate for cervical cancer in Campinas was 14.2/100,000 women per year in 1993-1995, and the standardized mortality rate per district ranged from 2.7 to 3.0 per 100,000 women in 1997-1998. This project has clearly shown that hierarchical and decentralized organization of health procedures is a necessary condition for achieving the goals of an effective cervical cancer screening program.O programa de rastreamento do câncer do colo uterino ainda é um desafio para os países em desenvolvimento devido a uma série complexa de problemas. Este estudo objetivou descrever a experiência adquirida com a organização e mostrar alguns dados sobre o rastreamento deste câncer em três distritos de Campinas e região, São Paulo, Brasil. A hierarquia das ações de saúde foi estabelecida de acordo com a complexidade dos procedimentos e do total destes procedimentos que precisavam ser realizados. Atualmente, o rastreamento se estende a 88 municípios, dos quais 51 realizam colposcopia e oito têm serviços para tratar câncer avançado do colo uterino. A taxa de incidência ajustada em Campinas foi de 14,2/100 mil mulheres por ano em 1993-1995, e a taxa de mortalidade ajustada por distrito variou entre 2,7 e 3,0 por 100 mil mulheres em 1997-1998. De acordo com a experiência adquirida, a organiza

  8. Monitoring the domiciliary and peridomiciliary invasion process of Triatoma rubrovaria in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Almeida Carlos Eduardo

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available The presence of Triatoma rubrovaria in Brazil has only been confirmed in the States of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul (RS, where it is found naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. In the wild environment it occurs in rocky habitats and has an eclectic diet, feeding from cockroaches, reptiles and mammals. Data from the Chagas Disease Control Program obtained by the Fundação Nacional de Saúde, between 1975 and 1997, indicate a growing domiciliary and peridomiciliary invasion of T. rubrovaria in RS, where it has become the most frequently Triatominae species captured in this state since the control of Triatoma infestans. In order to monitor this process, we analyzed collection data derived from 22 years of control campaigns against T. infestans. Collection data for triatomines from domestic habitats show an inverse relationship, with high numbers of T. infestans and low numbers of T. rubrovaria during 1976-1987, compared to the following ten years, 1986-1997, when the number of T. infestans dropped drastically and that of T. rubrovaria increased. There are no consistent indications of intradomiciliary colonization by T. rubrovaria, since only low numbers of nymphs have been captured in the intradomiciliary ecotopes. Nevertheless, this species appears to have preadaptive characteristics for anthropic ecotopes, and should be kept under constant epidemiological surveillance.

  9. Ichthyoplankton of arvoredo biological marine reserve, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thais Rutkowski

    Full Text Available Arvoredo Island, located in Santa Catarina state - south Brazil, and its surrounding area were defined as a Conservation Unit (CU in the category of Biological Reserve since 1990. This research aimed to analyze the inter-annual and seasonal (winter and summer variations of ichthyoplankton densities at Arvoredo Biology Marine Reserve (ABMR, and their relationship with environmental variables in 1997/1998 (Campaign 1, 2007/2008 (Campaign 2 and 2008/2009 (Campaign 3. Fish eggs and larvae were sampled using a WP-2 net with 200 µm mesh size. The study area was influenced by three water masses, (i Coastal Water throughout the whole year, (ii Subtropical Shelf Water during the winter, and (iii South Atlantic Central Water mainly in summer. A total of 4,891 eggs were collected and classified as Engraulidae and Sardinella brasiliensis (Clupeidae. The total number of larvae was 467 belonging to 5 orders, 19 families, and 21 species. Taxonomic composition demonstrated a seasonal pattern among periods, with the highest densities of Engraulidae occurring in winter and the families Carangidae, Clupeidae and Gerreidae in summer. The high number of families and abundance of ichthyoplankton observed in ABMR may be important in supplying the adjacent coastal areas impacted by fishing.

  10. GAAT dry well conductivity monitoring report, July 1997 through January 1998, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    A waste removal program is being implemented for the Gunite and Associated Tanks (GAAT) Operable Unit at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The waste is being removed by means of remotely operated, in-tank, confined sluicing equipment. The waste removal operations in Tanks W-3 and W-4 in the North Tank Farm (NTF) have been completed and the equipment is being moved to the South Tank Farm (STF), where it will be used to remove the sludges from the six STF tanks (W-5, W-6, W-7, W-8, W-9, and W-10) beginning later this year. During sluicing operations the dry wells adjacent to each of the tanks are instrumented so that potential releases can be detected by means external to the tank. The method of detection is by monitoring the electrical conductivity of the water in the dry well associated with each tank. This report documents the dry well conductivity monitoring data for the period from July 1997 through January 1998. The dry wells monitored during this period include DW-3, DW-4, DW-8, DW-9, and DW-10. The conductivity of the water passing through Pump Station 1 (PS 1) was also monitored. The principal activities that occurred during this period were the sluicing of Tanks W-3 and W-4 in the NTF, transfer of tank liquids from the NTF to the STF, and the installation of new risers, tank dome leveling, and emplacement of stabilized base backfill in the STF. Presented in this report are the dry well conductivity, rainfall, tank level, and STF construction information that is relevant to the analysis and interpretation of the monitoring data for the reporting period. A thorough analysis of the monitoring results for the period indicates that no releases have occurred from the gunite tanks being monitored

  11. Bolivia-Brazil gas line route detailed

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1992-01-01

    This paper reports that state oil companies of Brazil and Bolivia have signed an agreement outlining the route for a 2,270 km pipeline system to deliver natural gas from Bolivian fields to Southeast Brazil. The two sides currently are negotiating details about construction costs as well as contract volumes and prices. Capacity is projected at 283-565 MMcfd. No official details are available, but Roberto Y. Hukai, a director of the Sao Paulo engineering company Jaako Poyry/Technoplan, estimates transportation cost of the Bolivian gas at 90 cents/MMBTU. That would be competitive with the price of gas delivered to the Sao Paulo gas utility Comgas, he the. Brazil's Petroleos Brasileiro SA estimates construction of the pipeline on the Brazilian side alone with cost $1.2-1.4 billion. Bolivia's Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB) is negotiating with private domestic and foreign investors for construction of the Bolivian portion of the project

  12. Saúde e espiritualidade: a visão sistemica da família e o processo de ampliação da consciência

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    Viridiana de Fatima Robaina Pacheco

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo é resultado de uma análise reflexiva e resultou da necessidade de se construir um pensamento complexo a respeito da família e de se buscar o sentido do conceito de saúde transcendendo a abordagem sistêmica da vida em família, a partir da busca da espiritualidade e do processo de ampliação da consciência (PARODE, 2004 A “Ecologia Profunda” que se remete Fritjof Capra (1998 e a Estética Biocósmica (PARODE, 2004 serão os aportes teóricos para fundamentação desta tese. A ideia a partir de Capra (1998 e com o Enfoque da Ecologia Profunda, poder assumir o Princípio Biocósmico (PARODE, 2004 para o Processo de Ampliação da Consciência, quanto à questão da família e da saúde, ressaltando a importância da espiritualidade como fonte geradora de saúde, a partir da transcendência e naquilo que pode se constituir na imanência do ser.

  13. De l'impuissance de l'enfance à la revanche par l'écriture : le parcours de Driss Chraïbi et sa représentation du couple

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Guinoune, Anne-Marie

    2003-01-01

    A-t-il jamais réussi à accéder au monde d’autrui, ce héros que nous avons vu vieillir au fil des livres ? Oui, avec l’aide de l’écriture, il va arriver à ne plus se retourner sur le passé mais à se projeter dans l’avenir, vers sa fin. Le moment est venu de transmettre l’héritage, celui-ci trouve sa

  14. [The regulatory regime and the health insurance industry in Brazil].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Costa, Nilson do Rosário

    2008-01-01

    This paper analyzes the regulatory regime for health insurance and prepayment schemes in Brazil. It describes the ideas that have influenced the creation of the Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar-ANS (National Agency of Supplementary Health) in 2000, showing that the independent agency model was a direct result of the privatization process and of the induction of new competition mechanisms in a natural state monopoly. The paper concludes that the prepayment firms in Brazil are facing a new institutional environment as refers to their market entry or exit conditions.

  15. Emission from power plants 1989-1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1999-01-01

    Emissions from power plants consist of several substances with different environmental effects. Most important is emission of CO 2 ,SO 2 and NO x . The actual emission of CO 2 declined from 33 million ton in 1997 to 29 million ton in 1998, while the corrected emission of CO 2 declined from 27 million ton to 26 million ton. The primary cause to the decline in the actual emission of CO 2 is the constant changing of the energy consumption from coal towards natural gas. The corrected emission of CO 2 increased a little from 1989 to 1991, but has declined since 1991. The actual emission of CO 2 has been more variable, which especially reflects the fluctuating import and export of electricity. The actual emission of SO 2 has in the period varied, but the tendency is declining emission of SO 2 . In the years 1991 and 1996 the actual emission of SO 2 increased, these being the years where the net export of electricity increased. The corrected emission of SO 2 has generally declined during the period. The actual emission of NO x has varied during the period, but the tendency is declining emission. Emission of NO x has been large this year with large electricity export. Correction the emission for net import and export of electricity the NO x emission has declined during 1989-1998. The corrected emission of NO x has declined 54 % during the period 1989-1998. The reason is primary the usage of low NO x burners. (EHS)

  16. Informe Final. Investigación evaluación del stock de anchoveta 1997 en la I y II regiones

    OpenAIRE

    Barría Martínez, P. L.

    1998-01-01

    Este informe entrega como resultado los cálculos de la evaluación de stock de anchoveta, su diagnosis, resultados de un modelo de proyección determinista de capturas para el período 1997-2016 y captura total permisible de 1998.

  17. La vérite sur ce qui nous motive

    CERN Document Server

    Pink, Daniel H

    2011-01-01

    Voici enfin la traduction française du best-seller international DRIVE ! Qu'est-ce qui nous motive vraiment ? Dans quels cas sommes-nous les plus performants et les plus enthousiastes ? La plupart d'entre nous sommes persuadés que les récompenses (salaire, primes...) sont notre meilleure motivation. La logique de la carotte et du bâton finalement... Et si nous faisions fausse route ? En s'appuyant sur quatre décennies d'études scientifiques et psychologiques sur la motivation humaine, Pink démontre que les entreprises dirigent très mal leurs équipes avec d'énormes conséquences sur notre vie (absence d'ambition, lassitude, morosité). Le secret de la performance (et de la satisfaction) dans les entreprises, l'enseignement ou dans notre vie personnelle , c'est le besoin profondément humain de diriger sa propre vie, d'apprendre, de créer de nouvelles choses et de s'améliorer. Dans ce livre, Pink examine les 3 éléments de la motivation, l'autonomie, la maîtrise et le besoin de donner un sens ...

  18. No visible means of subsistence : rural livelihoods, gender and social change in Mooiplaas, Eastern Cape 1950-1998

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bank, Leslie; Qambata, Linda

    1999-01-01

    Based on fieldwork in Ngxingxolo in 1997-1998, this study highlights some of the key changes that have taken place in the way rural livelihoods have been made in Mooiplaas location, situated 45 km outside the city of East London in the Eastern Cape Province (South Africa). In line with developments

  19. Evaluasi Nilai Ekspor dan Impor Regional Association of Southeast Asian Nations Sebelum dan Setelah Krisis Ekonomi Tahun 1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agus Eko Sujianto

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available The purposes of this research are to evaluate the difference of export value of ASEAN member countries before and after economic crisis in 1998 and to evaluate the difference of import value of ASEAN member countries before and after economic crisis in 1998. While export and import become the main variable of research this sekgus is an important component of the preparation of the trade balance. The research data used secondary data of export and import in 1982-1997 (period before economic crisis in 1998 and 1999-2014 (period after economic crisis in 1998 from annual publication of ADB. Based on the Paired Sample t-Test test it can be argued that: the export value of ASEAN member countries before and after the crisis differed significantly and the import value of ASEAN member countries before and after crisis differed significantly

  20. Nursing research in Latin America: 1988-1998 La investigación en enfermería en América Latina: 1988-1998 A pesquisa em enfermagem na América Latina: 1988-1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rita L. Ailinger

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of nursing research in Latin America during the decade from 1988 to 1998. Data from the bi-annual Pan American Colloquia in Nursing Research from 1988 to 1998 were subject to secondary analysis. Findings indicate that most of the research emanated from Brazil, the only country with a doctoral program in nursing in the 1990's. Research topics included: public health issues, clinical studies (usually of adults, nursing care studies of process, therapeutic communication, and administrative issues such as standards of care and quality. The most common design was descriptive quantitative, although there were several qualitative studies. The analysis provides directions for future research and indicates areas of concern, especially the need for theory based nursing research.El propósito de este artículo es ofrecer un panorama sobre la investigación en enfermería en América Latina durante la década de 1988 a 1998. La información reunida en los Coloquios Panamericanos de Investigación en Enfermería, que se celebran cada dos años, fue sometida a análisis secundario. Descubrimos que la mayor parte de las investigaciones emana del Brasil, el único país con un programa de doctorado en enfermería en los años noventa. Los tópicos de investigación incluyen asuntos de salud pública, estudios clínicos (normalmente de adultos, estudios del proceso de atención de enfermería, comunicación terapéutica y asuntos administrativos tales como normas de atención y calidad. El diseño más común fue el estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, aunque también encontramos varios estudios cualitativos. El análisis ofrece direcciones para futuras investigaciones e indica áreas de preocupación, especialmente la necesidad de una investigación en enfermería con base teórica.O objetivo do presente artigo é oferecer um panorama da pesquisa em enfermagem na América Latina realizada durante a década de

  1. Reactor safety and radiation protection. Draft of the BMU deparmental budget 16 of the 1998 German federal budget

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1997-01-01

    The expenditures earmarked for reactor safety and radiation protection in the 1998 budget of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Reactor Safety (BMU) total DM 101 million. The expenditures of the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) are to amount to a total of DM 579 million. These are the figures included in departmental budget 16 of the 1998 federal budget, which was discussed by the Federal Parliament in September 1997. The atw compilation singles out a number of significant items of the departmental budget. (orig.) [de

  2. Saúde, trabalho e envelhecimento no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luana Giatti

    Full Text Available O envelhecimento da população tem importante reflexo na composição etária da população economicamente ativa. O objetivo do presente estudo é determinar os diferenciais de saúde dos idosos, segundo sua inserção no mercado de trabalho, após considerar a influência dos fatores sócio-demográficos. Este trabalho incluiu 2.886 idosos do sexo masculino, com 65 anos ou mais de idade, residentes em dez regiões metropolitanas brasileiras e participantes da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, Fundação Instituto Nacional de Geografia e Estatística realizada em 1998. A análise incluiu o qui-quadrado e a odds ratio estimado através de regressão logística múltipla. Mais de um quarto dos idosos trabalhava. Em relação aos aposentados, os que trabalhavam eram mais jovens, tinham maior escolaridade e maior renda domiciliar per capita; eles relataram menor freqüência de doenças crônicas, apresentaram menor dificuldade para realização das atividades da vida diária, mas não apresentaram diferenças com relação ao uso de serviços de saúde. Nossos resultados indicam que a saúde e em especial os indicadores de autonomia e mobilidade física são fatores preditivos independentes da permanência na vida ativa em idades mais elevadas.

  3. Revisiting the La Nina 1998 phytoplankton blooms in the equatorial Pacific

    OpenAIRE

    Gorgues, T.; Menkès, Christophe; Slemons, L.; Aumont, Olivier; Dandonneau, Yves; Radenac, Marie-Hélène; Alvain, S.; Moulin, C.

    2010-01-01

    A biogeochemical model of the tropical Pacific has been used to assess the impact of interannual variability in a western Pacific iron source on the iron-limited ecosystem of the central and eastern Pacific during the 1997-1998 El Nino A reference simulation and two simulations with an iron source in the western Pacific have been performed The two "source" simulations differed only in the temporal variability of the iron source. In the variable source simulation, the iron concentration in the...

  4. Relationship between spatial distribution of chaetognaths and hydrographic conditions around seamounts and islands of the tropical southwestern Atlantic.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Souza, Christiane S de; Luz, Joana A G; Mafalda, Paulo O

    2014-09-01

    Relationship between spatial distribution of chaetognaths and hydrographic conditions around seamounts and islands off Northeastern Brazil were analyzed from 133 oceanographic stations during the months of January - April of 1997 and April - July of 1998. Oblique zooplankton tows, using 50 cm diameter Bongo nets with 500µm mesh with a flowmeter to determine the filtered volume, were carried out to a maximum of 200m depth. The Superficial Equatorial Water, which had a salinity > 36 PSU and temperature > 20°C, occupied the top 80 to 200m depth. Below this water mass was the South Atlantic Central Water with salinity ranging from 34.5 to 36 PSU and temperature from 6 to 20°C. The community of chaetognaths showed six species: Pterosagitta draco, Flaccisagitta enflata, Flaccisagitta hexaptera, Pseudosagitta lyra, Serratosagitta serratodentata, and Sagitta helenae. Of these species, F. enflata was the most abundant (32.05% in 1997 and 42.18% in 1998) and the most frequent (87.88% in 1997 and 95% in 1998) during both periods. A mesopelagic specie was identified (P. lyra). This specie was more abundant in 1997 (3.42%), when the upwelling was more intense. P. lyra occurred in 22% of the samples during 1997. The abundance of F. enflata, an epiplanktonic species, increased, associated with greater water-column stability.

  5. Relationship between spatial distribution of chaetognaths and hydrographic conditions around seamounts and islands of the tropical southwestern Atlantic

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CHRISTIANE S. DE SOUZA

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Relationship between spatial distribution of chaetognaths and hydrographic conditions around seamounts and islands off Northeastern Brazil were analyzed from 133 oceanographic stations during the months of January – April of 1997 and April – July of 1998. Oblique zooplankton tows, using 50 cm diameter Bongo nets with 500µm mesh with a flowmeter to determine the filtered volume, were carried out to a maximum of 200m depth. The Superficial Equatorial Water, which had a salinity > 36 PSU and temperature > 20°C, occupied the top 80 to 200m depth. Below this water mass was the South Atlantic Central Water with salinity ranging from 34.5 to 36 PSU and temperature from 6 to 20°C. The community of chaetognaths showed six species: Pterosagitta draco, Flaccisagitta enflata, Flaccisagitta hexaptera, Pseudosagitta lyra, Serratosagitta serratodentata, and Sagitta helenae. Of these species, F. enflata was the most abundant (32.05% in 1997 and 42.18% in 1998 and the most frequent (87.88% in 1997 and 95% in 1998 during both periods. A mesopelagic specie was identified (P. lyra. This specie was more abundant in 1997 (3.42%, when the upwelling was more intense. P. lyra occurred in 22% of the samples during 1997. The abundance of F. enflata, an epiplanktonic species, increased, associated with greater water-column stability.

  6. Luther contre le protocole de Kyoto ou le retour des « indulgences ».

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bernard Jouve

    2005-05-01

    Full Text Available Le 16 février 2005 a marqué la mise en œuvre du Protocole de Kyoto. En fait, depuis l’annonce par la Russie, le 25 octobre 2004, de sa décision de ratifier ce protocole, l’affaire était entendue. Menacé depuis le refus des États-Unis, l’un des plus grands pollueurs de la planète, de ne pas le ratifier pour des raisons purement économiques alors que ce pays produit à lui seul 40 % des gaz à effet de serre ( ges , l’accord survenu à Kyoto en 1997 est enfin entériné et ...

  7. Magnetic behaviour of cerium in Ce2 Sn5 and Ce3 Sn7, surstructures of Ce Sn3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stunault, A.

    1988-07-01

    The compound studied, Ce 2 Sn 5 and Ce 3 Sn 7 are both orthorhombic, surstructure of cubic Ce Sn 3 . Magnetic susceptibility measurements show in both compounds an antiferromagnetic order at low temperature and magnetization shows a high anisotropy. Magnetization densities are determined by polarized neutron diffraction. The cerium site which has two Ce atoms as nearest neighbourgs carries all the magnetism in both structures. For Ce 2 Sn 5 moments are directed as the high magnetization axis and structure is modulated. Ce 3 Sn 7 presents a simple antiferromagnetic order but moment are directed as low magnetization axis. Various transitions towards a ferromagnetic order are presented. Results are interpreted by measuring the difference between energy levels of crystalline field. A model of crystalline field and isotrope exchange agrees well with Ce 3 Sn 7 , but for Ce 2 Sn 7 it is necessary to reduce the magnetic moment which is typical of the Kondo effect [fr

  8. The tobacco international competitiveness of the South Brazil :1997-2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Candéa Sá Barreto

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available The research analyses the international competitiveness of the southern tobacco in international trade. We used data analysis system of the Foreign Trade Information Internet (ALICE-Web, the Foreign Trade Secretariat (SECEX of the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC in the years 1997-2014. Additionally, advantages index were constructed for and competitiveness revealed to observe the state of the production behavior in international trade. The results show that the southern region has a high relative advantage in tobacco exports over the years considered. The revealed competitiveness was positive, however, advantage of greater magnitude since 2005.

  9. Thyroid Cancer Incidence Patterns in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and the U.S. SEER Program, 1997–2008

    Science.gov (United States)

    Neta, Gila; Aschebrook-Kilfoy, Briseis; Ron, Elaine; Devesa, Susan S.

    2013-01-01

    Background Thyroid cancer incidence has risen steadily over the last few decades in most of the developed world, but information on incidence trends in developing countries is limited. Sao Paulo, Brazil, has one of the highest rates of thyroid cancer worldwide, higher than in the United States. We examined thyroid cancer incidence patterns using data from the Sao Paulo Cancer Registry (SPCR) in Brazil and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) program in the United States. Methods Data on thyroid cancer cases diagnosed during 1997–2008 were obtained from SPCR (n=15,892) and SEER (n=42,717). Age-adjusted and age-specific rates were calculated by sex and histology and temporal patterns were compared between the two populations. Results Overall incidence rates increased over time in both populations and were higher in Sao Paulo than in the United States among females (SPCR/SEER incidence rate ratio [IRR]=1.65) and males (IRR=1.23). Papillary was the most common histology in both populations, followed by follicular and medullary carcinomas. Incidence rates by histology were consistently higher in Sao Paulo than in the United States, with the greatest differences for follicular (IRR=2.44) and medullary (IRR=3.29) carcinomas among females. The overall female/male IRR was higher in Sao Paulo (IRR=4.17) than in SEER (IRR=3.10) and did not change over time. Papillary rates rose over time more rapidly in Sao Paulo (annual percentage change=10.3% among females and 9.6% among males) than in the United States (6.9% and 5.7%, respectively). Regardless of sex, rates rose faster among younger people (8 among both Sao Paulo males and females, in contrast to increases from 9 to 12 and from 6 to 7 among U.S.males and females, respectively. Conclusions Increased diagnostic activity may be contributing to the notable rise in incidence, mainly for papillary type, in both populations, but it is not likely to be the only reason. Differences in

  10. Paism: um marco na abordagem da saúde reprodutiva no Brasil The Program for Integrated Women's Health Care (PAISM: a landmark in the approach to reproductive health in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria José Martins Duarte Osis

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available O Programa de Assistência Integral à Saúde Mulher (PAISM foi lançado pelo Ministério da Saúde em 1983, sendo anunciado como uma nova e diferenciada abordagem da saúde da mulher. Paradoxalmente, o PAISM constitui-se também na primeira vez em que o Estado brasileiro propôs explicitamente, e implantou, embora de modo parcial, um programa que contemplava a regulação da fecundidade. Isso suscitou suspeitas acerca de possíveis intenções ocultas de controle da natalidade. Porém, analisando brevemente a história desse Programa e seu significado social, conclui-se que o PAISM foi pioneiro, inclusive no cenário mundial, ao propor o atendimento à saúde reprodutiva das mulheres, no âmbito da atenção integral à saúde, e não mais a utilização de ações isoladas em planejamento familiar. Por isso mesmo, os movimentos de mulheres, de imediato, passaram a lutar por sua implementação. Seu conteúdo inclui plenamente a definição de saúde reprodutiva adotada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde em 1988, ampliada e consolidada no Cairo em 1994 e em Beijing em 1995. Conseqüentemente, a adoção do PAISM representou, sem dúvida, um passo significativo em direção ao reconhecimento dos direitos reprodutivos das mulheres, mesmo antes que essa expressão ganhasse os diversos foros internacionais de luta.The Program for Integrated Women's Health Care (PAISM was launched by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 1983 as a new and different approach to women's health. Paradoxically, the PAISM also became the first case in which the Brazilian state explicitly proposed and implemented (albeit partially a program regulating fertility. This raised suspicions as to disguised promotion of birth control. However, a brief analysis of the history of this program and its social significance suggests that the PAISM was a pioneering undertaking (even within the international scenario in proposing integrated women's health care as opposed to isolated

  11. Issues in midterm analysis and forecasting 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-07-01

    Issues in Midterm Analysis and Forecasting 1998 (Issues) presents a series of nine papers covering topics in analysis and modeling that underlie the Annual Energy Outlook 1998 (AEO98), as well as other significant issues in midterm energy markets. AEO98, DOE/EIA-0383(98), published in December 1997, presents national forecasts of energy production, demand, imports, and prices through the year 2020 for five cases -- a reference case and four additional cases that assume higher and lower economic growth and higher and lower world oil prices than in the reference case. The forecasts were prepared by the Energy Information Administration (EIA), using EIA`s National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). The papers included in Issues describe underlying analyses for the projections in AEO98 and the forthcoming Annual Energy Outlook 1999 and for other products of EIA`s Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. Their purpose is to provide public access to analytical work done in preparation for the midterm projections and other unpublished analyses. Specific topics were chosen for their relevance to current energy issues or to highlight modeling activities in NEMS. 59 figs., 44 tabs.

  12. Crestar Energy Inc. 1998 annual report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    Crestar Energy Inc. is a senior Canadian oil and gas producer operating in western Canada. In 1998, in spite of the collapse in oil prices, cash flow per unit of production improved during every quarter of the year. The company's operating results for the year were solid, fuelled by a three-tiered strategy of development, acquisition and and exploration. Exploration efforts are directed equally towards natural gas and liquid projects, while development activity is driven by near term commodity prices. This three-tiered strategy ensures steady growth at the present, and provides the foundation for accelerated growth over the longer term. This report presents a review of operations, including a 12 per cent increase in sales volume for both natural gas and liquids from 1997 to average 401 mmcf/day and 49,000 bbls/day respectively. Significant additions were made to the natural gas reserves, while crude oil reserves were slightly reduced by economic limit revisions of 3.5 mmBOE. Finding and development costs for established reserves, before economic limit revisions, were $ 7.73 per BOE, contributing to a three-year average cost of $ 6.74 per BOE. Financial highlights and consolidated balance sheets for 1998 are included. tabs., figs

  13. Milk microbiological profile of four dairy farms from São Paulo State, Brazil

    OpenAIRE

    Adna Crisleia Rodrigues Monção; Juliana Rodrigues Pozzi Arcaro; Thiago Pereira Motta; Lívia Castelani; Thamires Martins; Adriana Frizzarin; Heloisa de Azevedo; Cláudia Rodrigues Pozzi

    2012-01-01

    The concern in milk quality, milk production, and in animals’ welfare is in constant increase. Mastitis is recognized as the main disease affecting dairy animals because of changing in milk composition and reduction in milk production. In Brazil, the highest incidence of mastitis is related to infectious agents. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of pathogenic microorganisms in milk produced by 60 cows from four dairy farms (15 cows/farm) located at Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Milk sa...

  14. Financial restatement trends in Brazil from 1997-2012

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vagner Antönio Marques

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This study  analyzes the characteristics of the financial restatements issued by Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa stock exchange from 1997 through 2012. The study,  descriptive in nature, employed a mixed, qualitative and quantitative approach in which data from 5608 financial statements and audit reports were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. The results evidenced that on average 25% of financial statements are republished. Only 17% of these restatements, however, are of the mandatory type and only 8.40% involve quantitative changes to the original financial statements. An increasing tendency to issue restatements was identified, accompanying the increase in the number of listed companies. However, 77.13% of the total restatements issued during the period involved qualitative data changes. This study contributes to the literature on the topic, revealing the movement undergone with respect to financial restatements during a period in which relevant changes were experienced in the regulatory environment, in particular the promulgation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX and the adoption of International Standards (IFRS.

  15. Paradoxos das políticas de descentralização de saúde no Brasil Paradoxes of health decentralization policies in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dário Frederico Pasche

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available The constitution of Brazil directs that the country’s health system, the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, be politically and administratively decentralized. Nevertheless, handing over competencies, responsibilities, and resources to subnational levels, especially to municipal governments, has been a slow process, lasting almost two decades. Advances have been brought about by the Unified Health System, which, from a analytical perspective, is a public and universal system. Despite that, the decentralization process needs to overcome norms that keep all levels of management dependent on Brazil’s federal Government. The subnational levels have consistently faced difficulties in performing their macromanagement functions with autonomy, especially when it comes to financing and to the establishment or organization of health care networks. Boldness and responsibility will be needed to prevent Brazil’s health decentralization process from leading to fragmentation. New political agreements between different levels of government, with a reassignment of responsibilities and the enhancement of a culture of technical cooperation, are fundamental requisites to making the Unified Health System have a health policy that is truly public and universal.

  16. A participação dos agentes indígenas de saúde nos serviços de atenção à saúde: a experiência em Santa Catarina, Brasil Participation by indians health agents in health services: the experience in Santa Catarina State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esther Jean Langdon

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho analisa a formação e o papel do agente indígena de saúde (AIS nas Terras Indígenas (T.I. Xapecó e Laklãnõ, Santa Catarina, Brasil, frente à Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde dos Povos Indígenas. O papel do AIS na atenção básica de saúde é definido com base na mediação entre os saberes e práticas de atenção à saúde tradicionais e biomédicos, inserido no conceito de atenção diferenciada. Em ambas as T.I. foi constatada uma grande rotatividade de AIS, bem como a falta e/ou a inadequação de cursos de capacitação. Observaram-se ainda dificuldades dos AIS para entender a justificativa das atividades delegadas a eles, agravadas pela ambigüidade de seu papel frente à comunidade e por problemas na comunicação com os outros profissionais de saúde. Considerando os pressupostos da Política Nacional, esta pesquisa indicou que a articulação entre as práticas indígenas de auto-atenção e os serviços biomédicos é precária, necessitando de um aprofundamento nas discussões, com a efetiva participação de todos os atores envolvidos na atenção à saúde.This study analyzes the role and training of indian health agents as defined by the National Policy for Health Care of Indians Peoples on two Indian reservations in Santa Catarina, Brazil. The health agent's role in primary care is based on mediation between traditional health practices and biomedicine, subsumed in the concept of differentiated care. On both reservations, a large turnover of indigenous health agents and lack of adequate training were observed. The indigenous health agents expressed difficulty in understanding the reasons for their activities, role ambiguity vis-à-vis the community, and communications problems with other health professionals. Considering the national policy guidelines, this study indicates that the provision of differentiated care is precarious and that a dialogue is necessary, with actual participation by all

  17. Linhas de tensões no processo de acolhimento das equipes de saúde bucal do Programa Saúde da Família: o caso de Alagoinhas, Bahia, Brasil Conflicting situations in the reception of oral health teams from the Family Health Program in Alagoinhas, Bahia, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriano Maia dos Santos

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available O estudo discute as linhas de tensões do processo de acolhimento das equipes de saúde bucal, no Programa Saúde da Família, no Município de Alagoinhas, Bahia, Brasil, tomando como eixo orientador os fluxogramas analisadores do processo de trabalho em saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como técnicas de coleta de dados: entrevista semi-estruturada e observação sistemática. Os sujeitos do estudo foram 17 pessoas: grupo I (cirurgiões-dentistas e auxiliares de consultórios dentários - 6; grupo II (outros trabalhadores de saúde - 6; grupo III (usuários - 5. Os resultados revelaram que o primeiro contato do usuário com a unidade de saúde da família é realizado na recepção, espaço privilegiado para utilização das tecnologias leves, sendo manifestado de forma tensa e conflitante, porém com potencialidade para construir alternativas de mudança. O processo terapêutico ocorre de distintas maneiras: consulta clínica, atendimento de urgência, retornos programados e encaminhamentos externos a outros serviços da rede. Contudo, as equipes de saúde bucal imprimem diferentes formas de acolhimento, ficando na dependência do compromisso e da singularidade dos sujeitos que atuam na prática.The study discusses the conflicting situations that arise while receiving oral health teams in Alagoinhas, Bahia, Brazil. The main orientation for the Family Health Program is based on analyzing health care work flowcharts. The current qualitative research used semi-structured interviews and practical observation as the data collection techniques. There were 17 study subjects: group I (dentists and dental assistants - 6; group II (other health workers - 6; and group III (users - 5. Users' first contact with the family health team is in the reception, often in a tense and conflicting atmosphere, but with the potential for alternatives for change, as a privileged space for the use of low-key technologies. The therapeutic process varies

  18. Análise comparativa dos sistemas de saúde da tríplice fronteira: Brasil/Colômbia/Peru Comparative analysis of health systems on the triple border between Brazil, Colombia, and Peru

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Levino

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Os objetivos deste artigo são: descrever o processo de reforma sanitária ocorrido em países da América Latina e suas repercussões nos sistemas de saúde do Brasil, da Colômbia e do Peru; analisar a conformação dos sistemas nacionais de saúde desses três países fronteiriços; e avaliar os limites e possibilidades de uma integração dos sistemas locais de saúde no contexto da tríplice fronteira amazônica. A partir de documentos e bases de dados oficiais, faz-se uma análise do desenvolvimento dos sistemas de saúde e da organização da rede de serviços nesse segmento de fronteira localizado em plena região amazônica. Na comparação entre os três países, constata-se que o modelo adotado pelo Brasil tem as características de um sistema nacional de saúde de finalidade pública, enquanto na Colômbia e no Peru vigoram sistemas de asseguramento, com adoção de planos obrigatórios de assistência, segmentação dos usuários e contingenciamento da cobertura. Os três países convergem quanto à mescla de público e privado na provisão de serviços, mas diferem no nível de acesso e no tipo de regulação por parte do Estado. Conclui-se que as especificidades dos sistemas de saúde dos três países fronteiriços tornam complexo o desafio da construção de um sistema único de saúde na fronteira que possa garantir a universalidade do acesso, a equidade no atendimento e a integralidade da assistência. Apesar das discrepâncias identificadas, porém, constata-se que a preponderância do setor público na rede de atenção básica permite vislumbrar a possibilidade de integração dos sistemas locais de saúde no que concerne à oferta organizada de ações programáticas de saúde do primeiro e segundo níveis de assistência.The objectives of this article are to describe the health sector reform process in Latin American countries and its impact on the health systems of Brazil, Colombia, and Peru; analyze the structure of the

  19. Privatization of Brazil's petroleum sector on track despite scandal

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1992-01-01

    This paper reports that the push to privatize Brazil's petroleum sector remains on track despite the taint of scandal that hit state oil company Petroleos Brasileiro SA and the ensuing political crisis for the administration of President Fernando Collor de Mello. Collor's efforts to reform Brazil's beleaguered economy have focused heavily on privatizing state-owned companies by selling assets or ending monopolies. Nowhere is that task more daunting than with Petrobras, one of the world's biggest petroleum companies, which has an entrenched monopoly over most upstream and downstream operations in the country. Collor and the energy ministers and chiefs of Petrobras during his administration have pressed measured to inject free market principles in Brazil's petroleum sector. The Collor administration earlier this year sent a bill to Brazil's Congress calling for a constitutional amendment to end Petrobras monopoly over exploration, production, transportation, refining, and exports and imports of oil and gas. The amendment is expected to be voted upon in 1993

  20. Atmospheric alcohols and aldehydes concentrations measured in Osaka, Japan and in Sao Paulo, Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nguyen, Ha Thi-Hoang; Takenaka, Norimichi; Bandow, Hiroshi; Maeda, Yasuaki; Oliva, S.T. de; Botelho, M.M.; Tavares, T.M.

    2001-01-01

    The use of alcohol fuel has received much attention since the 1980s. In Brazil, ethanol-fuelled vehicles have been currently used on a large scale. This paper reports the atmospheric methanol and isoproponal concentrations which were measured from May to December 1997, in Osaka, Japan, where alcohol fuel was not used and from 3 to 9 February 1998 in Sao Paulo, Brazil, where ethanol was used. The alcohols were determined by the alkyl nitrite formation reaction using gas chromatography (GC-ECD) analysis. The concentration of atmospheric alcohols, especially ethanol, measured in Sao Paulo were significantly higher than those in Osaka. In Osaka, the average concentrations of atmospheric methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were 5.8 ± 3.8, 8.2 ± 4.6, and 7.2 ± 5.9ppbv, respectively. The average ambient levels of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol measured in Sao Paulo were 34.1± 9.2, 176.3 ± 38.1, and 44.2 ± 13.7ppbv, respectively. The ambient levels of aldehydes, which were expected to be high due to the use of alcohol fuel, were also measured at these sampling sites. The atmospheric formaldehyde average measured in Osaka was 1.9± 0.9ppbv, and the average acetaldehyde concentration was 1.5 ± 0.8ppbv. The atmospheric formaldehyde and acetaldehyde average concentrations measured in Sao Paulo were 5.0 ± 2.8 and 5.4 ± 2.8ppbv, respectively. The C 2 H 5 OH/CH 3 OH and CH 3 CHO/HCHO were compared between the two measurement sites and elsewhere in the world, which have already been reported in the literature. Due to the use of ethanol-fuelled vehicles, these ratios, especially C-2H 5 OH/CH 3 OH, are much higher in Brazil than those measured elsewhere in the world. (Author)

  1. Memoria tècnica de la implementación del sistema de tratamiento externo de efluentes en papelera nacional s.a

    OpenAIRE

    Lozano Bravo, Juan; Wiesner Falconi, Ignacio

    2009-01-01

    Este proyecto se desarrollará en la Planta Industrial de PAPELERA NACIONAL S.A., empresa agro-industrial localizada en el Cantón Marcelino Maridueña Provincia del Guayas. Dedicada a la fabricación de papel Kraft, (Corrugado Medio, Extensible, y Test Liner) y sus derivados (Sacos de Papel Extensible para la Industria Azucarera y Cementera) y tubos Espiralados de cartón. La presente Tesis trata sobre los proyectos que se implementaron en Papelera Nacional S.A. a partir del, año 1998, tendie...

  2. Multiwavelength Photometric Imaging of X-Ray and EUV Emission from Comet P/Tempel-Tuttle 1998

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lisse, Carey M.

    2004-01-01

    The unexpected discovery of x-ray emission from Comet Hyakutake in March 1996 (Lisse et ai. 1996) has produced a number of questions about the physical mechanism producing the radiation. The original detection and subsequent observations (Dennerl et ai. 1997, Mumma et al. 1997, Krasnopolsky et al. 1998, Owens et al. 1998. Lisse et al. 1999) have shown that the very soft (best fit thermal bremsstrahlung model kT approx. 0.2 keV) emission is due to an interaction between the solar wind and the comet's atmosphere. Using the results fiom the 15 comets detected to date in x-rays, we report on the latest results on cometary x-ray emission, including new results from Chandra and XMM. As-observed morphologies, spectra, and light curves will be discussed. Our emphasis will be on understanding the physical mechanism producing the emission, and using this to determine the nature of the cometary coma, the structure of the solar wind in the heliosphere, and the source of the local soft x-ray background. This work has been graciously supported by grants from the NASA Planetary Astronomy and Astrophysical Data Programs.

  3. CE and nanomaterials - Part II: Nanomaterials in CE.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adam, Vojtech; Vaculovicova, Marketa

    2017-10-01

    The scope of this two-part review is to summarize publications dealing with CE and nanomaterials together. This topic can be viewed from two broad perspectives, and this article is trying to highlight these two approaches: (i) CE of nanomaterials, and (ii) nanomaterials in CE. The second part aims at summarization of publications dealing with application of nanomaterials for enhancement of CE performance either in terms of increasing the separation resolution or for improvement of the detection. To increase the resolution, nanomaterials are employed as either surface modification of the capillary wall forming open tubular column or as additives to the separation electrolyte resulting in a pseudostationary phase. Moreover, nanomaterials have proven to be very beneficial for increasing also the sensitivity of detection employed in CE or even they enable the detection (e.g., fluorescent tags of nonfluorescent molecules). © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  4. Haemophilus influenzae tipo b: situação epidemiológica no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, 1993 a 1997 Haemophilus influenzae type b: epidemiological situation in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 1993-1997

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sybelle de Souza Castro Miranzi

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available Entre as doenças invasivas causadas pelo Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib, destacam-se, pela freqüência e gravidade, as pneumonias e as meningites. No período de 1993 a 1997, foram notificados, em Minas Gerais, 720 casos de meningites por Hib, sendo a causa mais freqüente de meningite bacteriana em menores de um ano e a segunda causa no total de meningites. Entretanto, estimou-se uma ocorrência total de 1.160 casos considerando as meningites bacterianas não especificadas. O total de casos estimados de doença invasiva por Hib parece justificar a recente inclusão da vacina no esquema básico de imunizações. O alto custo da vacina reforça a necessidade de melhorar a vigilância epidemiológica da meningite, que constitui uma das fragilidades das ações de controle desta doença.Among Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib invasive diseases, pneumonia and meningitis are the most relevant in public health due to their frequency and severity. From 1993 to 1997, there were 720 cases of Hib meningitis in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, representing the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis in infants (< 1 year and the second most frequent among all causes of meningitis. The total estimated cases of invasive Hib diseases thus appear to justify the recent inclusion of the vaccine in the basic immunization protocol. The vaccine's high cost reinforces the need for more precise monitoring of the etiological diagnosis of meningitis cases, representing one of the weaknesses in the prevailing epidemiological surveillance system.

  5. Brazil in the global energy world

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Frank D.; Vossoughi, Shapour [University of Kansas (KU), KS (United States)

    2012-07-01

    Brazil is the 10th largest energy consumer in the world and the third largest in the Western Hemisphere, behind the United States and Canada. Total primary energy consumption in Brazil has increased significantly in recent years; and over the past decade, Brazil has made great strides in increasing its total energy production, particularly oil. Brazil has the second-largest crude oil reserves in South America (behind Venezuela), and is one of the fastest growing oil producers in the world. According to United States Energy Information Administration (EIA), Brazil had 12.2 billion barrels of proven oil reserves in 2008. In 2007, Brazil's state owned Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS) announced that it had discovered an estimated 5-8 billion barrels of recoverable reserves (including both oil and natural gas) in the Tupi field, located in the Santos Basin. In 2008, subsequent discoveries were announced, to include Jupiter and Carioca (aka Sugar Loaf). Although PETROBRAS has yet to confirm the size of the discoveries, some industry analysts estimate the total extent of recoverable oil and natural gas reserves in the entire pre-salt layer have approached 40 to 80 billion barrels of oil equivalent. The reserves occur below a salt zone that is estimated to be 7,000 meters below the ocean surface. However, Brazil faces many challenges to recover the hydrocarbons to include technical, political, fiscal, and infrastructure hurdles. In spite of the challenges ahead, these discoveries transformed the nature and focus of Brazil's oil industry, economy, and future; and the potential impact of the pre-salt discoveries upon world oil markets is vast. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the recent discoveries will affect Brazil's future and the impact it will have on the global energy world. (author)

  6. The Relationship Between Air Particulate Levels and Upper Respiratory Disease in Soldiers Deployed to Bosnia (1997-1998)

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Hastings, Deborah

    2001-01-01

    This study had three objectives: to determine if there is a relationship between air particulate levels and upper respiratory disease in soldiers deployed to Bosnia between 1997-98, to establish a method for linking environmental...

  7. Conselhos de saúde e a participação social no Brasil: matizes da utopia Health councils and social participation in Brazil: shades of an utopia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Poliana Cardoso Martins

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo discute a construção social da participação da sociedade civil no Sistema Único de Saúde, tendo como reflexão inicial os avanços alcançados no plano legal, em contrapartida aos obstáculos observados no cotidiano da construção dos espaços de exercício da democracia; ou seja, a distância entre "o espírito e a letra da lei". Visa a analisar o processo de criação dos conselhos de saúde no Brasil, descrevendo sua importância para uma efetiva participação da sociedade civil na tomada de decisão na área da saúde, refletindo sobre os matizes desta utopia; destaca os desafios encontrados e as possibilidades apresentadas para concretização desta ação; ressalta a possibilidade da presença ativa dos sujeitos na construção do processo democrático no SUS e abre a discussão sobre a necessidade de empoderamento e libertação da população. Por fim, discorre sobre a exclusão e marginalização de um substantivo contingente da população, colocando em questão não apenas a construção da cidadania no país, mas o próprio conceito de cidadania.This article discusses the social construction of the participation of civil society in the Unified Health System, and initially reflects on the progress in the legal area, against the daily obstacles in the construction of spaces to practice democracy; in other words, the distance between "the spirit and the letter of the law". It focuses on the analysis of the process of creation of health councils in Brazil, describing its importance for an effective participation of the civil society in decision-making in the health area, thinking over the shades of this utopia; it points out the challenges and possibilities for an effective social participation; it emphasizes the possibility of the active presence of subjects in the construction of the democratic process in the SUS and starts the discussion on the need to empower and to release the population. Finally it discusses the

  8. Análisis del plan financiero de la empresa papeles s.a

    OpenAIRE

    Alvarado, Jorge; Cevallos, Maria Susana; Esparza, Cecilia; Gomez, Jackeline; Puertas, Monica; Ramirez, Alberto; Hidalgo, Willian

    2009-01-01

    El presente proyecto centra su atención en el análisis de la estructura financiera de Papeles S.A. El análisis incluye la revisión de sus estados financieros para los años 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 y 1997. Conociendo de antemano, que los estados financieros se utilizan para identificar y describir la situación actual y las estrategias utilizadas en una empresa. Se analizaran sus balances generales, que describirán su liquidez y el crecimiento de la empresa durante los cinco años, sus estados...

  9. Pyrazolates advance cerium chemistry: a CeIII/CeIV redox equilibrium with benzoquinone.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Werner, Daniel; Deacon, Glen B; Junk, Peter C; Anwander, Reiner

    2017-05-16

    Two stable cerium(iv) 3,5-dialkylpyrazolate complexes are presented, namely dimeric [Ce(Me 2 pz) 4 ] 2 (Me 2 pz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolate) and monomeric Ce(tBu 2 pz) 4 (tBu 2 pz = 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolate) along with their trivalent counterparts [Ce(Me 2 pz) 3 ] and [Ce(tBu 2 pz) 3 ] 2 . All complexes were obtained from protonolysis reactions employing the silylamide precursors Ce[N(SiHMe 2 ) 2 ] 4 and Ce[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 . Treatment of homoleptic Ce IV and Ce III Me 2 pz complexes with 1,4-hydroquinone (H 2 hq) or 1,4-benzoquinone (bq), respectively, ultimately gave the same trimetallic Ce III species via a cerium redox equilibrium. The Ce III complex Ce 3 (Me 2 pz) 5 (pchd) 2 (L) (pchd = 1,4-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)cyclohex-2,5-diene-1,4-diolato; L = Me 2 pzH or (thf) 2 ) results from a di-1,4-pyrazolyl attack on pre-coordinated bq. The reduction of bq by [Ce(Me 2 pz) 3 (thf)] 2 , and re-oxidation by the resulting Ce IV species was supported by UV-vis spectroscopic investigations. Comparisons with the redox-innocent complexes [Ln(Me 2 pz) 3 (thf)] 2 (Ln = La and Pr) revealed far less selective reactions with bq, giving hexametallic and octametallic rare-earth metal side products containing 2-Me 2 pz substituted hq ligands.

  10. Energetic intensity and exportation: an analysis of the period 1997-2004; Intensidade energetica e exportacao: uma analise do periodo 1997-2004

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Soares, Munir Younes; Bermann, Celio [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Programa Interunidades de Pos-Graduacao em Energia (PIPGE)]. E-mails: munir@iee.usp.br; muniryounes@yahoo.com.br; cbermann@iee.usp.br; Cavaliero, Karla Kazue Nakao [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica. Programa de Pos-graduacao em Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos]. E-mail: cavaliero@fem.unicamp.br

    2006-07-01

    This paper aims to analyze the course of industrial energy intensity from 1997 to 2004. A historical retrospective was done in order to explain how the Brazilian industrial option has been influencing the profile of this index, demonstrating that Brazil is following a different trajectory in comparison to the developed countries. To achieve this, an analysis was conducted of the whole metallurgical industry, along with the paper, cellulose and mineral industries and the total Brazilian Industry. The energy intensity, the elasticity energy consume product and the export quantum indicators were calculated for the industry and for each sub sector. To conclude, the results will be discussed and commented. (author)

  11. EPR study of concentration dependence in Ce, Ce : La and Ce:Y doped SrF2

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Dankert, O.; Vainchtein, David; Datema, H.C.; den Hartog, Hendrik

    1995-01-01

    Experimental results of an EPR-study of the concentration dependence of the doubly integrated intensity and linewidth of the signals associated with tetragonal Ce3+-F--dipoles in Sr1-xCexF2+x, Sr-1-0.005-x Ce0.005LaxF2+0.005+x and Sr-1-0.005-x Ce0.005YxF2+0.005+x are presented. Both show a nonlinear

  12. Advanced Light Source. Compendium of User Abstracts and Technical Reports 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cross, J.; Devereaux, M.K.; Dixon, D.J.; Greiner, A.

    1998-01-01

    The Advanced Light Source (ALS), a national user facility located at Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory of the University of California is available to researchers from academia, industry, and government laboratories. Operation of the ALS is funded by the Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences. This Compendium contains abstracts written by users summarizing research completed or in progress during 1997, ALS technical reports describing ongoing efforts related to improvement in machine operations and research and development projects, and information on ALS beamlines planned through 1998

  13. Advanced Light Source Compendium of User Abstracts andTechnical Reports 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cross, J.; Devereaux, M.K.; Dixon, D.J.; Greiner, A.; editors

    1998-07-01

    The Advanced Light Source (ALS), a national user facility located at Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory of the University of California is available to researchers from academia, industry, and government laboratories. Operation of the ALS is funded by the Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences. This Compendium contains abstracts written by users summarizing research completed or in progress during 1997, ALS technical reports describing ongoing efforts related to improvement in machine operations and research and development projects, and information on ALS beamlines planned through 1998.

  14. LLW Forum meeting report, October 20--22, 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Norris, C.; Brown, H.; Lovinger, T.; Scheele, L.; Shaker, M.A.

    1997-10-01

    The Low-Level Radioactive Waste Forum met in Annapolis, Maryland, on October 20--22, 1997. Twenty-six Forum Participants, Alternate Forum Participants, and meeting designees representing 22 compacts and states participated. A report on the meeting is given under the following subtitles: New developments in states and compacts; Discussion with NRC Commissioner McGaffigan; Regulatory issues session; Executive session; LLW forum business session; DOE low-level waste management program; Transportation of radioactive waste; Environmental equity: Title VI; Congressional studies on Ward Valley Site; Implementation of DOE's strategy for waste management; Relicensing Envirocare; Draft agreement for uniform application of manifesting procedures; CRCPD report; Panel: Future of low-level radioactive waste management; Agenda planning: February 1998; Resolutions; and Attendance

  15. A utilização de serviços de saúde por sistema de financiamento An analysis of health services utilisation, by financing system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia Marta Porto

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa, a partir de microdados de 1998 e 2003 da PNAD/IBGE, a utilização de serviços de saúde sob a perspectiva de seu financiamento ou, em outras palavras, sob o prisma do sistema de proteção à saúde pelo qual o serviço foi utilizado: se pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS, ou seja, pelo sistema público financiado por meio de tributos; se por planos e seguros de saúde privados e financiados por prêmios pagos por beneficiários e/ou seus empregadores; ou, finalmente, se mediante a compra direta de serviços (pagamento direto no ato da utilização de serviços. Entre os principais resultados da análise, destacam-se os seguintes: 1 o SUS financia a maioria dos atendimentos e das internações realizados no País, participação que aumentou significativamente entre 1998 e 2003; 2 embora o número absoluto de atendimentos realizados pelos três sistemas de financiamento tenha aumentado, a expansão do SUS foi muito mais significativa e a ela correspondeu uma desaceleração do crescimento do gasto privado direto; 3 o SUS é o principal financiador dos dois níveis extremos de complexidade da atenção à saúde: o de atenção básica e o da alta complexidade.This article analyses, from micro-data of the National Sample Household Survey (PNAD/IBGE from 1998 and 2003, the utilisation of health services according to different financing systems. In other words, it analyses if this utilisation has been done through the National Health System SUS (public and universal health insurance, financed by taxes, through private health insurance (premiums paid by the insured population and/or their employers or through out-of-pocket payments. The main results are: 1 SUS finances most of inpatient and outpatient utilisation and its participation has strongly increased from 1998 to 2003; 2 although the absolute number of outpatient utilisation made through the three systems has increased, SUS expansion has been much stronger (it increased

  16. Transformações e desafios da atenção privada em saúde no Brasil nos anos 90 Transformations and challenges in private health care in Brazil in the 1990s

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria de Fátima Siliansky de Andreazzi

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available Este texto procura extrair, da heterogeneidade apresentada pelo setor privado em saúde, no Brasil, o dado qualitativamente novo dos anos 90, bem como os desafios da nova dinâmica desse setor, especialmente em sua relação com o Estado. Apresenta uma introdução, apontando elementos considerados essenciais para a compreensão das mudanças ocorridas no setor saúde. Nessa perspectiva, localiza as mudanças no quadro de referência do modelo econômico adotado pelo país, nos anos 90, com foco nos desenvolvimentos vinculados aos ditames da globalização produtiva e, sobretudo, financeira. Em seguida, na segunda e terceira seções, são apresentadas as principais mudanças no interior do setor privado em saúde, quanto a demanda, oferta e suas inter-relações. Finalmente, à guisa de epílogo, são apresentados alguns dos desafios interpostos na relação entre os provedores e os consumidores de atenção à saúde, dita suplementar, ou a assistência à saúde "hors-SUS".This paper attempts to extract from the heterogeneity of the Brazilian private health care sector a qualitatively new characteristic of the 1990s, as well as the challenges of the sector's new dynamics, especially in its relationship to the public sector. The article's introduction discusses what are considered essential elements for understanding the changes occurring in the health sector. It situates the challenges within the framework of the economic model adopted in Brazil in the 1990s, focusing on developments linked to the dictates of productive (and especially financial globalization. The second and third sections present the principal changes in the private health care sector in relation to supply and demand and their interrelations. Finally, by way of epilogue, the article discusses some of the challenges arising in the relationship between suppliers and consumers of so-called supplementary health care, i.e., "à la National Health System".

  17. Coherence Kondo gap in CeNiSn and CeRhSb

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takabatake, T.; Nakamoto, G.; Tanaka, H.; Bando, Y.; Fujii, H.; Nishigori, S.; Goshima, H.; Suzuki, T.; Fujita, T.; Oguro, I.; Hiraoka, T.; Malik, S.K.

    1994-01-01

    CeNiSn and CeRhSb are Kondo-lattice compounds showing the behavior of a small-gap semiconductor at temperatures below 7 K. We review and discuss the magnetic, transport and specific-heat measurements performed on single crystals of CeNiSn and polycrystals of CeRhSb. Prerequisites for gap formation are deduced from the effects of substitution and application of a magnetic field and pressure on the gapped state. ((orig.))

  18. Causas básicas e associadas de morte por Aids, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 1998 Aids as underlying and associated causes of death, State of S. Paulo, Brazil, 1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Augusto Hasiak Santo

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Descrever o padrão da mortalidade devida a Aids segundo causas básica e associadas de morte no Estado de São Paulo, em 1998. MÉTODOS: Os dados sobre a mortalidade e a população residente no Estado de São Paulo, SP, para 1998, foram obtidos na Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (Seade. As causas de morte foram codificadas pelas disposições da Décima Revisão da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde. Os registros de Aids como causa básica e associada de morte foram recuperados e revistos. RESULTADOS: A Aids foi a causa básica em 4.619 mortes, correspondendo à décima causa (2,0% e ao coeficiente de mortalidade de 13,1 por 100.000 habitantes. As razões das mortes e os respectivos coeficientes entre homens e mulheres foram de 2,4 e 2,5. A Aids foi a segunda causa entre os homens de 20 a 34 anos de idade e entre as mulheres de 25 a 34. A idade média ao morrer entre as mulheres (34,1±12,2 anos foi estatisticamente menor que a dos homens (36,4±10,7 anos -- pOBJECTIVES: To describe the Aids mortality according to its underlying and associated causes of death in the State of S. Paulo in 1998. METHODS: Mortality and population data for 1998 were obtained from the State Data Analysis System Department (Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados - Seade. Causes of death were coded according to the Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. RESULTS: Aids was the underlying cause in 4,619 deaths, corresponding to the 10th leading cause of death (2.0% and a mortality rate of 13.1/100,000 population. Male/female death ratio and rate ratios were respectively 2.4 and 2.5. Aids was the second leading cause of death among men aged 20--34 and women aged 25--34 years. Median age at death for women (34.1±12.2 years old was lower than men (36.4±10.7 years old -- p<0,001. The main associated causes of Aids

  19. Trends of syphilis in Posadas city (Misiones State, Argentina, 1997-2000 Incidência de sífilis na cidade de Posadas (estado de Misiones, Argentina, 1997-2000

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramón Alberto de Torres

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Objectives: Misiones State is situated in the north-east of Argentina. The main objective was to establish the evolution of syphilis in Posadas city (300.000 inhabitants from 1997 to 2000. Methods: Outpatients were studied at the STD clinics during 1997. Records of all pregnant women with babies due to the months of April to June, from 1997 to 2000 (n = 4700, were studied. Syphilis was confirmed by clinic, epidemiological and laboratory tests (VDRL and FTA-ABS. Results: Higher incidence of primary syphilis in outpatients was established among 15-19 year-old women and in 20-24 year-old men. The percentages of pregnant women with syphilis were 2.1% (1997, 2.6% (1998, 4.6% (1999 and 3.7% (2000. The most vulnerable age group was 15 to 19 year-old. Geographical distribution of cases changed from four clusters in 1997 to a wide occurrence in all city quarters with lower socioeconomic level (30% of population. Conclusion: Posadas city had an increase in cases of syphilis in pregnant women from 1997 to 1999. This evolution indicates that traditional STD-Aids programs have had no effect on safe sex practices, specially among adolescents. Home by home visits aimed at improving prenatal control as a priority, started in 1999. The incidence of the disease became stable in 2000, but still at a high rate. It is necessary to continue and improve the outreach activities. A cooperative program in these big "twin" cities: Encarnación (Paraguay and Posadas (Argentina - will be also of great help for syphilis control in the area.Objetivos: O estado de Misiones está situado no noroeste argentino, nas fronteiras oeste e norte com o Brasil e a leste do Paraguai. Este foi o interesse para estabelecer a evolução da sífilis na cidade de Posadas (300.000 habitantes, capital do estado de Misiones, desde 1997 até 2000. Métodos: A sífilis foi analisada por meio da avaliação epidemiológica, clínica e confirmação laboratorial (VDRL e FTA- ABS. Todas as mulheres

  20. Autoavaliação de saúde bucal: resultados da Pesquisa Mundial de Saúde - Atenção Básica em quatro municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2005 Self-rated oral health: results of the World Health Survey - Primary Care in four municipalities in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Herika Luciana Chaves de Mendonça

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available A autoavaliação da saúde é um indicador subjetivo que combina componentes físicos, emocionais e do bem-estar individual e vem adquirindo papel importante na área da Saúde Pública, sendo utilizado na avaliação do estado de saúde da população geral. Este trabalho objetivou estudar os cuidados assistenciais e o estado de saúde bucal, incluindo a autoavaliação, utilizando dados de 1.871 indivíduos, com 18 anos ou mais de idade, entrevistados na Pesquisa Mundial de Saúde - Atenção Básica, realizada em quatro municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, no ano de 2005. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística binária para identificar os determinantes da autoavaliação de saúde bucal "excelente" ou "boa". Para ambos os sexos, as variáveis significativamente associadas à autoavaliação da saúde bucal foram: renda domiciliar per capita, frequência de visita odontológica e perda de dentes e uso de prótese. Os resultados evidenciam um gradiente socioeconômico na percepção subjetiva, uma precária saúde bucal entre os idosos e a importância da visita odontológica regular para manutenção da saúde bucal.Self-rated health is a subjective indicator that combines physical and emotional components and individual well-being. It has gained an important role in Public Health, with increasing use in the evaluation of the general population's health status. This study focuses on dental care and oral health status, including self-rated oral health, using data from 1,871 individuals 18 years or older, interviewed in World Health Survey - Primary Care, conducted in four municipalities in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the determinants of 'excellent' or 'good' self-rated oral health. For both men and women, variables significantly associated with self-rated oral health were: per capita family income, frequency of dental visits, tooth loss, and use of

  1. Special educaction and rewiews in the municipality of large scale Sobral (CE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Paula Lima Barbosa Cardoso

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available This article aims to discuss and analyze the participation of students with disabilities in public schools of the city of Sobral-CE in the assessment scale developed in that context. It follows a case study, a qualitative approach, conducted within the Department of Education and two municipal schools; the highest and lowest IDEB results (2009. The data collection instruments: analysis of documents, interviews and observation, and content analysis. The theoretical framework discusses the large-scale evaluation in the brazilian context in conjunction with the literature on the evaluation of teaching for students with disabilities. We describe the landscape of education in general sobralense and also data on special education. The research results discussed two cases of large-scale evaluation that occurred in that municipality: municipal evaluation and Proof Brazil. Regarding the first, the subjects affirms the participation of students with disabilities through a mechanism that prevents these results affect other students, are called "children of the shore." In Proof Brazil, the subjects again reported the participation of these students in national testing. It's criticizing the appropriateness of that instrument to assess this particular student body, suggesting the need of developping more "relevant" ones. Finally, it appears that the large-scale evaluation calls into question the process of schooling experienced by pupils with disabilities in Sobral-CE, showing the challenges and difficulties of the actions of school inclusion proposals in that context.

  2. Neutron scattering. Annual progress report 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Allenspach, P.; Boeni, B.; Fischer, P.; Furrer, A.

    1998-02-01

    The present progress report describes the scientific and technical activities obtained by LNS staff members in 1997. It also includes the work performed by external groups at our CRG instruments D1A and IN3 at the ILL Grenoble. Due to the outstanding properties of neutrons and x-rays the research work covered many areas of science and materials research. The highlight of the year 1997 was certainly the production of neutrons at the new spallation neutron source SINQ. From July to November, SINQ was operating for typically two days/week and allowed the commissioning of four instruments at the neutron guide system: - the triple-axis spectrometer Druechal, - the powder diffractometer DMC, - the double-axis diffractometer TOPSI, the polarised triple-axis spectrometer TASP. These instruments are now fully operational and have already been used for condensed matter studies, partly in cooperation with external groups. Five further instruments are in an advanced state, and their commissioning is expected to occur between June and October 1998: - the high-resolution powder diffractometer HRPT, - the single-crystal diffractometer TriCS, - the time-of-flight spectrometer FOCUS, - the reflectometer AMOR, - the neutron optical bench NOB. Together with the small angle neutron scattering facility SANS operated by the spallation source department, all these instruments will be made available to external user groups in the future. (author) figs., tabs., refs

  3. 75 FR 27299 - Certain Frozen Warmwater Shrimp from Brazil, India, the People's Republic of China and Thailand...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-05-14

    .../Producers Margin (percent) Brazil Netuno Alimentos S.A./Maricultura Netuno S.A./ 7.94 Netuno USA, Inc. (collectively, Netuno) Central de Industrializacao de Distribuicao de 4.97 Alimentos Ltda./Cia. Exportadora de...

  4. Acidentes de trânsito no Brasil de 1998 a 2010: muitas mudanças e poucos resultados Accidentes de tránsito en Brasil de 1998 a 2010: muchos cambios y pocos resultados Traffic accidents in Brazil from 1998 to 2010: many changes and few effects

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giancarlo Bacchieri

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available O artigo descreve a situação dos acidentes de trânsito no Brasil, desde a implementação do Código de Trânsito Brasileiro de 1998 até o ano de 2010. Foi realizada análise dos principais trabalhos científicos e publicações não acadêmicas nacionais. A revisão de literatura incluiu periódicos indexados, não indexados, relatórios técnicos, busca específica por autores, referências bibliográficas de artigos e contato com pesquisadores. Os principais problemas do trânsito brasileiro identificados foram aumento do número absoluto de mortos e das taxas de mortalidade, ampliação da frota de motocicletas e o uso de álcool. Foram identificados autores influentes e ilhas de produção de conhecimento nas áreas pesquisadas. Os autores apresentam algumas possíveis soluções e sugerem que o poder público não tem assumido a responsabilidade que lhe cabe no controle e redução dos acidentes de trânsito.El articulo describe la situación de los accidentes de tránsito en Brasil, desde la implementación del Código de Transito Brasileño de 1998 hasta el año de 2010. Se realizó análisis de los principales trabajos científicos y publicaciones no académicas nacionales. La revisión de literatura incluyó periódicos indexados, no indexados, informes técnicos, búsqueda especifica por autores, referencias bibliográficas de artículos y contacto con investigadores. Los principales problemas de tránsito brasileño identificados fueron aumento del número absoluto de muertos y de las tasas de mortalidad, ampliación de la flota de motocicletas y el uso de alcohol. Se identificaron autores influyentes e islas de producción de conocimiento en las áreas investigadas. Los autores presentaban algunas posibles soluciones y sugieren que el poder público no ha asumido la responsabilidad que le cabe en el control y reducción de los accidentes de tránsito.The paper describes the situation of road traffic accidents in Brazil since

  5. Produção Científica sobre Comensalidade no Brasil: Estudo Documental de Teses e Dissertações (1997- 2011 / Scientific Production on Commensality in Brazil: Documentary Study of Thesis and Dissertations (1997-2011

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frederico Cid Soares

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente artigo é o de traçar um panorama dos estudos sobre comensalidade no Brasil, tendo como fonte o Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Capes. A metodologia empregada foi a análise temática de conteúdo de 32 teses e dissertações sobre o tema, escolhidas através de análise de resumos dos trabalhos na Capes, dentro de quatro categorias temáticas: comensalidade e etnias, comensalidade e religião, comensalidade e nutrição, espaços e lugares de comensalidade. Os resultados mostraram que a comensalidade pode ser vista em diversas formas, abordando situações específicas, em diferentes grupos étnicos, em várias situações religiosas, abordando também o tema da nutrição e em outras situações de encontros de familiares, amigos ou mesmo desconhecidos. O estudo mostrou que a comensalidade está presente entre as pessoas em diversas situações, mas tem decaído substantivamente nos últimos tempos devido às mudanças de comportamento das pessoas.Palavras-Chave: Hospitalidade. Comensalidade. Produção Científica. BrasilScientific Production on Commensality in Brazil: Documentary Study of Thesis and Dissertations (1997-2011 - The objective of this study is an overview of studies about commensality in Brazil, having as source the Bank of Theses and Dissertations from CAPES. The methodology used was the thematic content analysis of thirty-two theses and dissertations on the subject chosen through the work records analyzing the CAPES in four thematic categories: commensality and ethnicities, commensality and religion, commensality and nutrition, commensality spaces and places. The results showed that commensality can be seen in various forms, addressing specific situations, in different ethnic groups in various religious situations, also addressing the topic of nutrition and other situations of family gatherings, friends or even strangers. The study showed that commensality is present among people in different

  6. Fiscal 1998 research report. Survey on data collection for development of new energy technology (fuel cell); 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho. Shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa (nenryo denchi)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-03-01

    This report is composed of Part 1: the development trend of fuel cells in fiscal 1998, and Part 2: the collected data and appendices. Part 1 includes 4 chapters, (1) The outline of the development trend, (2) Stationary fuel cell, (3) The development trend of fuel cell vehicles, and (4) The development trend of small transportable fuel cells. The report newly includes the development trend of small-capacity fuel cells and the report on 1998 Fuel Cell Seminar notable as an international conference on fuel cell summarizing the trend of fuel cells in fiscal 1998, as compared with the fiscal 1997 report. Part 2 is the collected data on domestic and foreign demonstration operation results of fuel cells, and technical development of every fuel cell. In addition to various collected data on the whole of fuel cells and their use techniques, Part 2 includes the principle, features, system configuration, performance simulation technique, application and market analysis of fuel cells, and the national policy and concerned laws on a subsidy system for introduction of fuel cells, for example. (NEDO)

  7. Health Policy on the pages of Revista de Saúde Pública

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aylene Bousquat

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT We carried out a narrative review of the scientific production in the area of Policy, Planning and Management in Revista de Saúde Pública (RSP, between 1967 and 2015. All the fascicles of RSP, in the period, were accessed via SciELO platform, which provides all articles online. We selected and classified the articles according to the main topics of scientific production in the area of Policy, Planning and Management. Revista de Saúde Pública has published 343 articles on this subject, with significant growth in the last two decades. The most discussed topics were Health Economics, Primary Health-care, Access and Use of Health Services, and Evaluation of Services and Programs. In the last decade, the topics of Policy and Access to Medicines and Public-Private Relationship, including judicialization, gained importance. The pages of RSP embraced the vast and diverse production of Policy, Planning and Management in its first 50 years, contributing to the consolidation of the area in Brazil.

  8. Efecto del fenómeno "El Niño 1997•98" en el desembarque de los recursos pesqueros artesanales de puerto Salaverry (Trujillo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alvaro Tresierra-Aguilar

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Los volúmenes de desembarque de la pesca artesanal se analizan en Portuario de Salaverry, antes, durante y después del fenómeno de "El Niño 1997-1998". Los desembarques durante la primera fase de "El Niño" estaban a punto de 1.000 tm en 1996 y se incrementó a 17.000 tm en 1997. La presencia de especies de aguas tropicales con evento "El Niño" fueron altas en el primer semestre de 1998, son aumentó en la pesca y más del 50% de los desembarques correspondieron a Coryphaena hippurus. Más tarde, los volúmenes de desembarque habituales y especies tradicionales volvieron con la normalización de las condiciones del medio ambiente. También se analiza el impacto socioeconómico

  9. Fluorose dentaria em criancas de Sao Paulo, SP, 1998-2010

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Capel Narvai

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a tendência de prevalência de fluorose dentária em crianças de 12 anos em contexto de exposição a múltiplas fontes de flúor. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se análise de tendência da prevalência de fluorose dentária no período de 1998 a 2010 na cidade de São Paulo, SP. As prevalências foram calculadas para diferentes anos (1998, 2002, 2008 e 2010, a partir de dados secundários obtidos em levantamentos epidemiológicos com amostras representativas da população de 12 anos de idade. A ocorrência de fluorose foi avaliada sob luz natural utilizando o índice de Dean, preconizado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e categorizada em normal, questionável, muito leve, leve, moderada e severa. Em 1998 foram examinadas 125 crianças; 249 em 2002; 4.085 em 2008; e 231 em 2010. RESULTADOS: Em 1998 a prevalência de fluorose foi de 43,8% (IC95%35,6;52,8, em 2002 de 33,7% (IC95% 28,2;39,8, de 40,3% (IC95% 38,8;41,8 em 2008 e de 38,1% (IC95% 32,1;44,5 em 2010. As categorias muito leve + leve registraram 38,4% (IC95%30,3;47,6 em 1998, 32,1% (IC95% 26,6;38,2 em 2002, 38,0% (IC95% 36,5;39,5 em 2008 e 36,4% (IC95%30,4;42,7 em 2010. Não se observou fluorose severa com significância estatística. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de fluorose dentária em crianças paulistanas pode ser classificada como estacionária no período de 1998 a 2010, tanto em geral quanto ao se considerarem apenas as categorias muito leve + leve.

  10. Influence of Ce-H bonding on the physical properties of the hydrides CeCoSiH1.0 and CeCoGeH1.0

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chevalier, B; Matar, S F; Menetrier, M; Marcos, J Sanchez; Fernandez, J Rodriguez

    2006-01-01

    The hydrides CeCoSiH 1.0 and CeCoGeH 1.0 which crystallize like the parent antiferromagnetic compounds CeCoSi and CeCoGe in the tetragonal CeFeSi-type structure, have been investigated by specific heat and thermoelectric power measurements and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). CeCoSiH 1.0 is an intermediate valence compound whereas CeCoGeH 1.0 can be considered as a nearly trivalent cerium compound. This behaviour is corroborated by the occurrence of a slight broadening of the 1 H NMR signal in the sequence CeCoSiH 1.0 → CeCoGeH 1.0 . The band structure calculations performed on these hydrides reveal the existence of strong bonding Ce-H interaction, found to be larger in CeCoSiH 1.0 than in CeCoGeH 1.0

  11. Agroecologia e promoção da saúde no Brasil Agroecology and health promotion in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elaine de Azevedo

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Pesquisar como os especialistas da promoção de saúde e da agroecologia compreendem os conceitos dessas áreas de diretrizes comuns e como é concebida a relação entre tais conceitos. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 14 especialistas das duas áreas sobre relações entre sistema agroalimentar e saúde; conceitos de agroecologia e promoção da saúde; relevância da inserção da agroecologia nos cursos de formação de saúde pública e vice-versa. RESULTADOS: Existe pouco diálogo entre os campos de estudo que foram considerados afins, sendo a qualidade do alimento a principal interface entre as áreas. A agroecologia apareceu como um sistema de produção de alimentos saudáveis, mas o estudo mostrou outras relações: agroecologia e empowerment, fomento à autonomia e qualidade de vida e melhores condições socioeconômicas para o agricultor; agroecologia e saúde ambiental; agroecologia e participação social; agroecologia, territorialidade e resgate cultural; agroecologia, alimentos locais e baixo custo produtivo. Já a promoção de saúde foi essencialmente relacionada a práticas voltadas à manutenção de estilos de vida saudável. Os especialistas mostraram-se favoráveis à inserção de conhecimentos da área da saúde pública na agroecologia e vice-versa. CONCLUSÕES: A agroecologia e a promoção da saúde são áreas contributivas e complementares, cuja aproximação pode vir a enriquecer a discussão da saúde rural e a concepção das políticas públicas que se debruçam sobre essa temática, estimulando intervenções e práticas intersetoriais.OBJECTIVE: Research how specialists in health promotion and agroecology understand the concepts in those areas of common guidelines and how the relationship between such concepts is conceived. METHODS. Qualitative research. Fourteen specialists in the two areas were interviewed about the relationship between the agrofood system and

  12. Mobiliser les jeunes, enraciner la démocratie

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    C'est là où la lutte en faveur de la démocratie prend sa source. Patrick Watson, auteur et homme de télévision canadien. Ricardo Funari / BrazilPhotos.com. LA RECHERCHE BIEN ... Mais ce n'est qu'un côté de la médaille, car il y a aussi beaucoup de .... Les jeunes associent violence et criminalité à une foule d'autres.

  13. O modo de fazer saúde: reflexões sobre o cotidiano de uma unidade básica de saúde de Porto Alegre - RS The mode of health care: reflections on the daily practice of a primary health unit Porto Alegre - RS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciane Chiapinotto

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Neste artigo discute-se o modo de fazer saúde em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Porto Alegre-RS a partir da compreensão do processo histórico da constituição de formas de assistência à saúde no Brasil. Durante a experiência de trabalho na Residência Integrada em Saúde, surgiram questionamentos acerca do trabalho no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS e os conceitos de saúde e cuidado que estavam operando no cotidiano de atendimento do serviço. A observação participante foi a ferramenta utilizada para a reflexão do cotidiano de trabalho desta Unidade. Desta forma, emergiram três categorias: a relação públicoprivado, o discurso da equipe sobre a população e a demanda da Residência Integrada em Saúde: transformação do modo de trabalhar. Assim, procura-se dar visibilidade aos elementos que atravessam o trabalho nesta Unidade, considerando os paradigmas que sustentam as práticas e apontando para a importância da discussão e dos espaços de escuta na construção de novos modos de trabalhar com saúde.This article discusses the mode of health care in a Primary Health Unit of Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, based on the understanding of the historical process of the constitution of types of health assistance in Brazil. During the experience in the Integrated Health Residency, some questions emerged regarding work in the context of Brazil's National Health System (SUS, and the concepts of health and care that were operating on the daily practice of this service. Participant observation was the tool used in this research for a reflection on the daily practice of the Unit. In this way, three categories emerged: the public/private relationship, the team's discourse about the population, and the demand of the Integrated Health Residency: changes in the manner of working. Thus, the article gives visibility to the elements pertaining to work in this Unit, pointing to the importance of the discussion and of

  14. Speech-Language Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brazil

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fernandes, Fernanda Dreux Miranda; Amato, Cibelle A. H.; Defense-Netrval, Danielle A.; Molini-Avejonas, Daniela R.

    2014-01-01

    Brazil has more than 200 million inhabitants living in an area of more than 8.5 million km[superscript 2] (Ministério da Saúde, Brasil, 2013a,b). Granting access to health and educational services for populations in such different environments clearly demands different actions and resources. Official policies regarding rehabilitation services and…

  15. [The health system of Brazil].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Montekio, Víctor Becerril; Medina, Guadalupe; Aquino, Rosana

    2011-01-01

    This paper describes the Brazilian health system, which includes a public sector covering almost 75% of the population and an expanding private sector offering health services to the rest of the population. The public sector is organized around the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) and it is financed with general taxes and social contributions collected by the three levels of government (federal, state and municipal). SUS provides health care through a decentralized network of clinics, hospitals and other establishments, as well as through contracts with private providers. SUS is also responsible for the coordination of the public sector. The private sector includes a system of insurance schemes known as Supplementary Health which is financed by employers and/or households: group medicine (companies and households), medical cooperatives, the so called Self-Administered Plans (companies) and individual insurance plans.The private sector also includes clinics, hospitals and laboratories offering services on out-of-pocket basis mostly used by the high-income population. This paper also describes the resources of the system, the stewardship activities developed by the Ministry of Health and other actors, and the most recent policy innovations implemented in Brazil, including the programs saúde da Familia and Mais Saúde.

  16. Refining prices and margins in 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Favennec, J.P.; Baudoin, C.

    1999-01-01

    Despite a business environment that was globally mediocre due primarily to the Asian crisis and to a mild winter in the northern hemisphere, the signs of improvement noted in the refining activity in 1996 were borne out in 1997. But the situation is not yet satisfactory in this sector: the low return on invested capital and the financing of environmental protection expenditure are giving cause for concern. In 1998, the drop in crude oil prices and the concomitant fall in petroleum product prices was ultimately rather favorable to margins. Two elements tended to put a damper on this relative optimism. First of all, margins continue to be extremely volatile and, secondly, the worsening of the economic and financial crisis observed during the summer made for a sharp decline in margins in all geographic regions, especially Asia

  17. LBA-ECO TG-07 Ground-based Biometry Data at km 83 Site, TapajosNational Forest: 1997

    Science.gov (United States)

    M.M. Keller; M.W. Palace

    2009-01-01

    A field inventory of trees was conducted in March of 1997 in a logging concession at the Tapajos National Forest, south of Santarem, Para, Brazil. The inventory was conducted by the foresters and technicians of the Tropical Forest Foundation (FFT) and included all trees with diameter at breast height greater than or equal to 35 cm. Four blocks of approximately 100 ha...

  18. Resistivity variations related to the large March 9, 1998 eruption at La Fournaise volcano inferred by continuous MT monitoring

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wawrzyniak, Pierre; Zlotnicki, Jacques; Sailhac, Pascal; Marquis, Guy

    2017-11-01

    The 2645 m-high La Fournaise volcano, located in the Southwest of Réunion Island (Indian Ocean), is a shield basaltic volcano where effusive eruptions generally occur along long fissures starting from the summit, alongside major fractures that characterize the eruptions' dynamism and effusivity. Between 1992 and 1998, the volcano underwent a quiet period during which few earthquakes were recorded. Minor seismic activity returned after 1997 and picked up in March 1998 during the 35 h preceding the March 9 eruption. From 1996, two autonomous stations (CSV and BAV) were installed on the volcano. CSV was located inside the Enclos Fouqué caldera while BAV was positioned 8.2 km NW of the volcano summit. Horizontal components of the electric and magnetic fields were sampled every 20 s. Continuous time-series were available from 1996 to 1999 at CSV, and from 1997 to March 1998 at BAV. Data have been processed using both single-station and remote-reference processing. Both results show apparent resistivity variations synchronous to the eruption. Time-lapse impedance estimates are computed on overlapping time windows of about two days at both stations. The only major decrease of the observed impedance coincides with the March 1998 eruption. At CSV, the resistivity started to drop about five days before the eruption, reached several local minima until April, and then slowly increased as the volcanic crisis reduced in activity. After the end of the crisis in September 1998, the apparent resistivity recovered its pre-crisis value. The time-lapse results also show variability in directionality: sharp and elongated phase tensor ellipse residuals appear during the eruption with a N105° orientation, suggesting the emergence of an almost NS-striking dyke. A 1D background model built from MT soundings performed during the quiet period (1996 to February 1998) on which a 3D NS-striking dyke was added shows a good agreement with phase tensor residuals and spatial distribution of the

  19. Summary of Data and Steps for Processing the 1997-2001 SRS Meteorological Database

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weber, A.H.

    2003-01-01

    Every five years since the mid-1970s DOE has requested an update on the meteorological conditions at SRS in order to provide dose calculations for accident or routine release scenarios for onsite and offsite populations. The meteorological database includes wind speed, wind direction, temperature, dew point, and horizontal and vertical turbulence intensities. The two most recent databases prior to the current one were completed in 1998 for the time period 1992-96 (Weber, 1998) and one for 1987-91 (Parker, et. al., 1992). The current database covers the period 1997-2001. The advantage of updating the database every five years is that meteorological observations are steadily growing more complete and less subject to errors with the implementation of better electronic data archiving software and hardware, and improved data quality assurance procedures. Also, changes in the region's climate may be manifest

  20. Canadian fuel development program in 1997/98

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lau, J.H.; Kohn, E.; Sejnoha, R.; Cox, D.S.; Macici, N.N.; Steed, R.G.

    1997-01-01

    This paper describes the CANDU fuel development activities in Canada during 1997 through 1998. The activities include those of the Fuel Technology Program sponsored by the CANDU Owners Group. The goal of the Fuel Technology Program is to maintain and improve the reliability, economics and safety of CANDU fuel in operating reactors. These activities, therefore, concentrate on the present designs of 28-element and 37-element fuel bundles. The Canadian fuel development activities also include those of the Advanced Fuel and Fuel Cycle Technology Program at AECL. These activities concentrate on the development of advanced fuel designs and advanced fuel cycles, which among other advantages, can reduce the capital and fuelling costs, maintain operating margins in aging reactors, improve natural-uranium utilization, and reduce the amount of spent fuel. (author)

  1. Programa saúde na escola: interpelações sobre ações de educação e saúde no Brasil = Program health in the school: interpellations on action of education and health in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cavalcanti, Patricia Barreto

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A Promoção da Saúde é considerada uma importante estratégia para a superação do desenvolvimento de ações meramente curativas e individuais direcionadas à saúde, pois propõe o desenvolvimento de ações assistenciais, preventivas e promocionais à saúde. Tomando por base o escopo da promoção da saúde, o Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE foi criado no ano de 2007. O programa operacionaliza-se a partir da articulação da Estratégia Saúde da Família com a escola. O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar as inconsistências do PSE a partir da sua concepção de promoção à saúde, tendo como contraponto o entendimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde sobre a temática. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no período compreendido entre janeiro a junho de 2014. Como resultado obteve-se que: não foi possível identificar concretamente que a promoção da saúde seja adotada como centro nuclear do Programa

  2. A bibliometric analysis of malaria research in India during 1998-2009.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gupta, B M; Bala, Adarsh

    2011-09-01

    This study analyses the research output of India in malaria research in national and global context, as reflected in its publications output during 1998-2009. SCOPUS Citation database has been used to retrieve the publication data, which has been further analysed on several parameters including its growth, rank and global publications share, citation impact, overall share of international collaborative papers and share of major collaborative partners and patterns of research communication in most productive journals. The publications output, impact and collaborative publication share of India is also compared with South Africa, Brazil and China. Indian scientists together have published 2786 papers in malaria research during 1998-2009 and registered an average citation per paper of 3.49. The country ranks 4th among the top 20 most productive countries in malaria research with its global publications share of 6.47% during 1998-2009. Quantum of Indian research output in malaria research is high but its citations per paper is low compared to select developing countries, which can be improved by investing more funds in international and national collaborative research projects, as well as increasing the participation of researchers in such projects.

  3. LABORATORY DIRECTED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. ANNUAL REPORT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, DECEMBER 1998.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    OGEKA,G.J.

    1998-12-31

    In FY 1998, the BNL LDBD Program funded 20 projects, 4 of which were new starts, at a total cost of $2,563,681. The small number of new starts was a consequence of severe financial problems that developed between FY 1997 and 1998. Emphasis was given to complete funding for approved multi-year proposals. Following is a table which lists all of the FY 1998 funded projects and gives a history of funding for each by year. Several of these projects have already experienced varying degrees of success as indicated in the individual Project Program Summaries which follow. A total of 17 informal publications (abstracts, presentations, BNL reports and workshop papers) were reported and an additional 13 formal (full length) papers were either published, are in press or being prepared for publication. The investigators on five projects have filed for a patent. Seven of the projects reported that proposals/grants had either been funded or were submitted for funding. In conclusion, a significant measure of success is already attributable to the FY 1998 LDBD Program in the short period of time involved. The Laboratory has experienced a significant scientific gain by these achievements.

  4. Rare-earth elements in uranium deposits in the municipality of Pedra, Pernambuco, Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kennedy Francys Rodrigues Damascena; Romilton dos Santos Amaral; Jose Araujo dos Santos Junior; Alberto Antonio da Silva; Romulo Simoes Cezar Menezes

    2015-01-01

    In the present study, soil and rock samples were collected from uranium deposits in the city of Pedra, Pernambuco, Brazil. These samples were analyzed using neutron activation analysis to identify the occurrence of rare-earth elements (REE). The most abundant elements found were Ce, Nd and La, with concentrations 12 times higher than the average in the earth's crust and 4.6 times higher than values reported in worldwide studies, including Brazil. Nonetheless, further studies to examine the economic feasibility of mining REEs from this site are necessary. (author)

  5. Détermination de la qualité de l'eau de coco en fonction du stade de maturation des noix et lors de sa stabilisation par chauffage ohmique et filtration membranaire

    OpenAIRE

    Prades, Alexia

    2011-01-01

    L'eau de coco, liquide transparent situé dans la noix de coco (Cocos nucifera L.), est une boisson tropicale rafraîchissante dont le marché est en pleine expansion. Ce jus de fruit possède des propriétés originales dues à sa composition en sels minéraux, sa faible teneur en sucres solubles et son arôme. Cependant, ses propriétés physico-chimiques ont été peu étudiées et sa stabilisation reste un défi technologique, notamment en raison de la présence de deux enzymes PPO et POD et de la thermos...

  6. The Impact of the 1997-1998 East Asian Economic Crisis on Health and Health Care in Indonesia

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Pradhan, M.P.; Waters, H.; Saadah, F.

    2003-01-01

    This article identifies the effects of the 1997-98 East Asian economic crisis on health care use and health status in Indonesia. The article places the findings in the context of a framework showing the complex cause and effect relationships underlying the effects of economic downturns on health and

  7. SaskPower climate change action plan 1997/98 progress report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-10-01

    In 1998, SaskPower signed their first large-scale cogeneration energy contract. Over the next 25 years, SaskPower will buy 210 megawatts of power from the Meridian Cogeneration Project offsetting carbon dioxide emissions by 280,000 tonnes per year and providing a source of clean, safe and reliable power. Their Condie/QE transmission line began operation in Oct. 1997, improving the efficiency of power flow and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 96,000 tonnes per year. Their improved generating facilities are decreasing the quantity of greenhouse being produced per unit of thermal energy. Efficiency upgrades reduced over 480,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide in 1997. Successful energy audits and partnerships with government agencies and communities are keeping them on track to meet their client initiatives target. SaskPower will invest in its first-ever international offset project this year, recovering greenhouse gases from a Connecticut landfill. Their Shand greenhouse, which draws excess heat from the Shand Power Station, produced over 1.6 million seedlings for conservation projects across the province since 1991

  8. Short-term energy outlook: Quarterly projections, fourth quarter 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-10-14

    The Energy Information Administration (EIA) prepares quarterly short-term energy supply, demand, and price projections for printed publication in January, April, July, and October in the Short-Term Energy Outlook. The details of these projections, as well as monthly updates on or about the 6th of each interim month, are available on the internet at: www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/contents.html. The forecast period for this issue of the Outlook extends from the fourth quarter of 1997 through the fourth quarter of 1998. Values for the fourth quarter of 1997, however, are preliminary EIA estimates (for example, some monthly values for petroleum supply and disposition are derived in part from weekly data reported in EIA`s Weekly Petroleum Status Report) or are calculated from model simulations that use the latest exogenous information available (for example, electricity sales and generation are simulated by using actual weather data). The historical energy data, compiled in the fourth quarter 1997 version of the Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS) database, are mostly EIA data regularly published in the Monthly Energy Review, Petroleum Supply Monthly, and other EIA publications. Minor discrepancies between the data in these publications and the historical data in this Outlook are due to independent rounding. The STIFS model is driven principally by three sets of assumptions or inputs: estimates of key macroeconomic variables, world oil price assumptions, and assumptions about the severity of weather. 19 tabs.

  9. Lingon sa Iskolarsyip sa Dulaan (1948-2007 Looking Back on Theater Scholarship (1948-2007

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Apolonio B. Chua

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available From 1948 to 2007, the academic community produced about a hundred titles of theses and dissertations on drama and theater, or made use of data from drama and theater for larger spheres of studies. The current article looked into identifying trends and points of emphasis, as the researches and studies progressed through roughly half a century of research production in the academic setting. Inductive in approach and tentative and exploratory in its analysis, the study identified four trends and points of emphasis in research production. In the fifties and sixties, the emphasis was more on studying the play text or drama; studies veered towards a literary reading and orientation. Eventually, this trend gave way to studying the larger phenomenon of mounting, and the mise en scéne and the spectator became additional units of concern for research. Studies began to have sections on props, costumes, and staging techniques. In the eighties, a larger concern for looking at theater as social production followed. Participant observation, field work and ethnography gave equal emphasis on the social context of theater. Marxism and other perspectives from the social sciences framed theater studies then; correlations between theater and society became useful. Towards the last decade of the century, theater studies aimed at a more conceptual approach, emphasizing core concepts like panata and other related or equivalent terms, elevating and defining the study of theater as a study of culture itself. Gamit ang mahigit sa sandaang tesis at disertasyon hinggil sa dula at dulaan o sinasangkot ang mga ito na lumabas sa akademya mula 1948 hanggang 2007, kapwa sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas at sa iba pa, nilayon ng “Lingon sa Iskolarsyip sa Dulaan (1948-2007” na pulsuhan ang pangkalahatang daloy, tutok, tunguhin o kalakaran sa pagdadala ng mga pag-aaral. Panimula at exploratory sa inductive nitong lapat, nakatukoy ang pag-aaral ng apat na sapit o tutok sa daloy ng

  10. Decontamination factor of the commercial detergents for the skin (part 3)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Miyabe, Kenjiro; Takasaki, Koji [Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan); Yasunaka, Hideo; Izumi, Yuichi [Japan Environment Research Corporation, Tokyo (Japan)

    2000-08-01

    The commercial detergents, which are cleansing cream, shampoo, neutral detergent, etc., were examined in order to select the body cleaners that are substitutes for the titanium dioxide paste. JNC entrusted Japan Environment Research Corporation Limited with these examinations since 1997. In 1997 and 1998, the commercial detergents were examined for Ce-144, Cs-137 and Ru-106. In 1999, 22 detergents were examined for Co-60 from the result of the past examinations. In this examination, the radioactive solution of Co-60 was dropped on the pig-skin samples. These samples were washed with each detergent after 5 minutes and 40 minutes. The decontamination factors of detergents were estimated by the radioactive ratio of the samples before and after washing. As a result of this examination, the decontamination factors for Co-60 was the same as the decontamination factors for Ce-144 and Cs-137, and 11 detergents were nominated as the cleaner that have the decontamination factor more than that of titanium dioxide paste. (author)

  11. Tracer applications in oil reservoirs in Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moreira, R.M.; Ferreira Pinto, A.M.

    2004-01-01

    Radiotracer applications in oil reservoirs in Brazil started in 1997 at the request of the State Oil Company (Petrobras) at the Carmoplois oilfield. 1 Ci of HTO was injected in a regular five-spot plot and the results obtained were quite satisfactory. Shortly after this test one other request asked for distinguishing the contribution of different injection wells to a production well. It was then realized that other tracers should be available. As a first choice 35 SCN - has been selected since it could be produced at CDTN. An alternative synthesis path was defined which shortened post-irradiation manipulations. The tracer was tested in core samples and a field injection, simultaneously with HTO, was carried out at the Buracica field; again the HTO performed well but 35 SCN - showed up well ahead. Presently the HTO applications are being done on a routine basis. All in all, four tests were performed (some are still ongoing), and the detection limits for both 3 H and 35 S were optimized by refining the sample preparation stage. Lanthanide complexes used as activable tracers are also an appealing option, however core tests performed so far with La-, Ce- and Eu-EDTA indicated some delay of the tracer, so other complexants such as DOTA are to be tried in further laboratory tests and in a field application. Thus, a deeper understanding of their complexation chemistry and carefully conducted tests must be performed before lanthanide complexes can be qualified as reliable oil reservoir tracers. More recently, Petrobras has been asking for partitioning tracers intended for SOR measurement

  12. Atenção à saúde bucal das Pessoas que Vivem com HIV/Aids na perspectiva dos cirurgiões-dentistas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lizaldo Andrade Maia

    Full Text Available Este artigo descreve a dimensão do processo de atenção à saúde bucal das Pessoas que Vivem com HIV/Aids em Fortaleza (CE, sob a ótica dos dentistas. Estudo transversal quantitativo descritivo-analítico. A coleta de dados foi realizada aleatoriamente com 170 dentistas do Sistema Único de Saúde, Centros de Saúde da Família e Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas. Para a análise estatística, calculou-se o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, T Independente e Correlação de Spearman. O acesso, a estrutura física, a biossegurança e a formação profissional não são considerados satisfatórios para a atenção e influenciam na predisposição dos profissionais em atender esses pacientes.

  13. A comparative neutron activation analysis study of common generic manipulated and reference medicines commercialized in Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leal, A.S.; Menezes, M.A.B.C.; Rodrigues, R.R.; Andonie, O.; Vermaercke, P.; Sneyers, L.

    2008-01-01

    In this work, a comparative study of neutron activation analysis (NAA) was performed by the nuclear institutes: CDTN/CNEN-Brazil, CCHEN-Chile and the SCK.CEN-Belgium aiming to investigate some generic, manipulated and reference medicines largely commercialized in Brazil. Some impurities such as: As, Ba, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Eu, Fe, Hf, Sb, Sc, Sm, Ti and Zn were found, and the heterogeneity of the samples pointed out the lack of an efficient public system of quality control

  14. Kanji and Kana agraphia in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: A trans-cultural comparison of elderly Japanese subjects living in Japan and Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kyoko Akanuma

    Full Text Available Abstract This study verifies the environmental effects on agraphia in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. We compared elderly Japanese subjects living in Japan and Brazil. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the database of the Prevalence Study 1998 in Tajiri (n=497, Miyagi, Japan and the Prevalence Study 1997 of elderly Japanese immigrants living in Brazil (n=166, migrated from Japan and living in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area. In three Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR groups, i.e., CDR 0 (healthy, CDR 0.5 (questionable dementia, and CDR 1+ (dementia , the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE item of spontaneous writing and the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI domain of dictation were analyzed with regard to the number of Kanji and Kana characters. Formal errors in characters and pragmatic errors were also analyzed. Results: The immigrants in Brazil wrote similar numbers of Kanji or Kana characters compared to the residents of Japan. In spontaneous writing, the formal Kanji errors were greater in the CDR 1+ group of immigrants. In writing from dictation, all the immigrant CDR groups made more formal errors in Kana than the Japan residents. No significant differences in pragmatic errors were detected between the two groups. Conclusions: Subjects living in Japan use Kanji frequently, and thus the form of written characters was simplified, which might be assessed as mild formal errors. In immigrants, the deterioration in Kanji and Kana writing was partly due to decreased daily usage of the characters. Lower levels of education of immigrants might also be related to the number of Kanji errors.

  15. Tempos de racialização: o caso da 'saúde da população negra' no Brasil In times of racialization: the case of the 'health of the black population' in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Chor Maio

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as iniciativas para a criação de um campo de reflexão e intervenção política denominado 'saúde da população negra', no período entre 1996 e 2004, que contempla o governo FHC e parte da administração de Lula. A discussão e implementação de políticas de ação afirmativa no Brasil adquire maior visibilidade, especialmente após a 3ª Conferência Mundial contra o Racismo, Discriminação Racial, Xenofobia e Formas Correlatas de Intolerância, sob os auspícios da ONU (Durban, África do Sul, 2001. O artigo descreve a emergência de uma proposta de política compensatória. Em seguida, aborda o debate contemporâneo sobre raça e saúde, sobretudo a literatura biomédica norte-americana, à luz das apropriações dessa discussão por agências e agentes comprometidos com a formulação de uma 'política racial' no âmbito da saúde pública no Brasil.The article analyzes initiatives aimed at creating a field of reflection and political intervention called the 'health of the black population,' which occurred between 1996 and 2004, that is, under the administration of Fernando Henrique Cardoso and part of Luis Inácio Lula da Silva´s administration. During this period, the process of discussing and enacting affirmative action policies in Brazil gained greater visibility, especially following the UN-sponsored Third World Conference on Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia, and Related Intolerance (Durban, South Africa, September 2001. The article describes the emergence of a proposal of compensatory policy within the Brazilian public health system. It then addresses the contemporary debate on race and health, especially the U.S. biomedical literature, and explores how this discussion has been appropriated by agencies and agents concerned with drawing up a 'racial policy' for the public health sector in Brazil.

  16. Temperature measurements from a moored thermistor chain in Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii during 1997-1998 (NODC Accession 0000625)

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — A moored thermistor chain was deployed about a mile south of Honolulu Harbor in waters of about 260 feet depth. The instrument was in operation from August 1997 -...

  17. Institute for Energy Technology - Annual report 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    Most of the nuclear-related work at Kjeller is based on the JEEP II research reactor, the operation of which is a prerequisite for Kjeller's activities. The work includes basic research in physics, the production of radiopharmaceuticals, the irradiation of materials for various technical applications, neutron radiography, activation analyses and silicon doping. 1997 was the first year of the 1997-1999 research period for the international OECD Halden Reactor Project. With the National Nuclear Regulatory Board (CNEN) of Brazil becoming a member late last year, the Project now include organizations from 20 countries. A membership agreement was also signed with the Institut de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire (IPSN) of France in 1997. The Project is operation by a staff of 280. In the fuel safety area, work focused chiefly on concerns arising at high burn-up in normal operation and in transient conditions. The unique Halden instrumentation has been extremely valuable for obtaining high relevance data. In respect of core materials, work has concentrated on corrosion issues, including in-core measurements of crack propagation rates in stainless steels. These data are used to estimate the expected lifetime of materials and to learn how effective measures are in improving the materials's performance. In the man-machine are the Halden Man-Machine Laboratory (HAMMLAB) is being upgraded and expanded. Modern, powerful simulators for PWR, BWR and WER reactors began to be installed during the year, and a Virtua Reality centre was set up to complement the HAMMLAB. As the infrastructure was build up, activities dwelt on human factors studies, encompassing situation awareness, the development and assessment of operator support systems, and the validation of software

  18. Institute for Energy Technology - Annual report 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-12-31

    Most of the nuclear-related work at Kjeller is based on the JEEP II research reactor, the operation of which is a prerequisite for Kjeller`s activities. The work includes basic research in physics, the production of radiopharmaceuticals, the irradiation of materials for various technical applications, neutron radiography, activation analyses and silicon doping. 1997 was the first year of the 1997-1999 research period for the international OECD Halden Reactor Project. With the National Nuclear Regulatory Board (CNEN) of Brazil becoming a member late last year, the Project now include organizations from 20 countries. A membership agreement was also signed with the Institut de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire (IPSN) of France in 1997. The Project is operation by a staff of 280. In the fuel safety area, work focused chiefly on concerns arising at high burn-up in normal operation and in transient conditions. The unique Halden instrumentation has been extremely valuable for obtaining high relevance data. In respect of core materials, work has concentrated on corrosion issues, including in-core measurements of crack propagation rates in stainless steels. These data are used to estimate the expected lifetime of materials and to learn how effective measures are in improving the materials`s performance. In the man-machine are the Halden Man-Machine Laboratory (HAMMLAB) is being upgraded and expanded. Modern, powerful simulators for PWR, BWR and WER reactors began to be installed during the year, and a Virtua Reality centre was set up to complement the HAMMLAB. As the infrastructure was build up, activities dwelt on human factors studies, encompassing situation awareness, the development and assessment of operator support systems, and the validation of software.

  19. Comment on “Synthesis of ceria (CeO_2 and CeO_2_−_x) nanoparticles via decarbonation and Ce(III) oxidation of synthetic bastnaesite (CeCO_3F)” by Montes-Hernandez et al

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gysi, Alexander P.; Williams-Jones, Anthony E.

    2016-01-01

    Montes-Hernandez et al. [5] recently reported results of a study of the decarbonation of fine-grained synthetic bastnäsite-(Ce) precipitates involving the oxidation of Ce(III) to Ce(IV) and the formation of ceria (CeO_2 and CeO_2_-_x with oxygen vacancies) nano-particles. The purpose of their study was to show that oxidation of Ce(III) to Ce(IV) occurs spontaneously during heating of bastnäsite-(Ce) in air, a vacuum, N_2 or Ar gas. However, their interpretation of the formation of CeO_2 is not supported by the findings of Gysi and Williams-Jones [3], who showed that natural bastnäsite-(Ce) decomposes to form rare earth element (REE) oxyfluorides (REEOF). The latter was documented using differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) experiments under a deoxygenated N_2 atmosphere. In their experiments, Gysi and Williams-Jones [3] found no evidence for the oxidation of Ce(III) to Ce(IV). This raises the question of whether the experiments of Montes-Hernandez et al. [5] in a N_2 atmosphere (and by extension in an Ar atmosphere) were compromised because of contamination by O_2 and that, as a result, they reached the erroneous conclusion that Ce(III) oxidizes spontaneously to Ce(IV) during heating of bastnäsite-(Ce) under these conditions. In order to explain the disagreement between their findings and those of Gysi and Williams-Jones [3], Montes-Hernandez et al. [5], proposed that the X-ray diffraction data of the former study were incorrectly interpreted. Here, we provide further evidence that the natural bastnäsite-(Ce) employed in the study by Gysi and Williams-Jones [3] decomposed to form REE oxyfluorides (i.e., CeOF, LaOF, PrOF and NdOF) and not CeO_2, and supply explanations for why Montes-Hernandez et al. [5] erroneously concluded that CeO_2 is produced during decomposition of this mineral under N_2 and Ar atmospheres. In so doing, we hope to provide new insights into the decomposition of bastnäsite-(Ce) that will help guide future

  20. Fecundidade e diferenciais intra-urbanos de desenvolvimento humano, São Paulo, Brasil, 1997 Fertility and its intra-urban differentials of human development, Brazil, 1997

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cláudia Maria Martins

    2001-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar possíveis divergências no padrão reprodutivo de mulheres residentes em áreas de diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento humano, pela análise de suas taxas de fecundidade total e taxas específicas de fecundidade por idade. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados os 96 distritos do Município de São Paulo, agrupados em cinco áreas segundo ordem crescente dos valores assumidos pelo Indicador de Desenvolvimento Humano. O estudo compreendeu a população feminina de 15 a 49 anos e os nascimentos vivos ocorridos durante o ano de 1997. As fontes de obtenção dos dados foram as declarações de nascidos vivos e a contagem da população 1996. Foram trabalhadas as seguintes variáveis: IDH, distrito de residência e idade da mulher. RESULTADOS: As mulheres residentes na área de menor desenvolvimento humano apresentaram taxa de fecundidade total de 2,62, sendo que a cúspide (151/1.000 filhos por mulheres situou-se no grupo etário de 20 a 24 anos. Na área de maior indicador de desenvolvimento humano, observou-se menor número médio de filhos por mulher (1,67, e a cúspide (93/1.000 filhos por mulheres se situou no grupo etário de 25 a 29 anos. CONCLUSÕES: As mulheres residentes nas áreas de maior desenvolvimento humano apresentaram menor número médio de filhos e tendência a tê-los em idades mais avançadas, o que sugere a coexistência de distintos padrões reprodutivos no Município de São Paulo.OBJECTIVE: To assess potential discrepancies in reproductive patterns of women living in areas at different levels of human development by analyzing their total fertility rates and age-specific rates. METHODS: Ninety-six districts of the city of São Paulo (Brazil were grouped in 5 areas according to their human development index (HDI. Women aged 15 to 49 years were included in the study and data was obtained from live birth certificates during the year of 1997. Data was collected from live birth certificates and population census for the

  1. Políticas de saúde bucal no Brasil e seu impacto sobre as desigualdades em saúde Políticas de salud bucal en Brasil y su impacto sobre las desigualdades en salud Dental health policies in Brazil and their impact on health inequalities

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Sistematiza-se o conhecimento disponível sobre o estágio atual de efetivação das principais políticas de saúde bucal no Brasil e seu impacto sobre as desigualdades em saúde. Embora a fluoretação da água de abastecimento público no Brasil seja uma determinação legal, sua implantação tem sofrido marcantes desigualdades regionais. São apresentados dados sobre o grau de efetivação da medida e são revisados estudos que avaliaram seu impacto sobre a ampliação da desigualdade na experiência de cárie dentária. A oferta de atendimento público odontológico, ampliada consideravelmente após a implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde, também é discutida em relação à provisão do serviço e seu impacto sobre a redução da desigualdade no acesso a tratamento dentário. A discussão do efeito diferencial dessas medidas propiciou a proposição de estratégias focais (direcionar a fluoretação para as áreas com maiores necessidades, visando a reduzir a desigualdade na experiência de cárie no País.Se sistematiza el conocimiento disponible sobre la fase actual de efectividad de las principales políticas de salud bucal en Brasil y su impacto sobre las desigualdades en salud. A pesar de que la fluorificación del agua de abastecimiento público en Brasil sea una determinación legal, su implantación ha sufrido resaltantes desigualdades regionales. Son presentados datos sobre el grado de efectividad de la medida y son revisados estudios que evaluaron su impacto sobre la ampliación de la desigualdad en la experiencia de carie dentaria. La oferta de atención pública odontológica, ampliada considerablemente después de la implantación del Sistema Único de Salud, también es discutida con relación a la provisión del servicio y su impacto sobre la reducción de la desigualdad en el acceso a tratamiento dentario. La discusión del efecto diferencial de esas medidas propició la proposición de estrategias focales

  2. Discrepancias entre los datos ofrecidos por la Secretaría de Salud y la Organización Mundial de la Salud sobre tuberculosis en México, 1981-1998 Inconsistencies between reports from the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata Báez-Saldaña

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Describir las tendencias de la morbilidad y mortalidad de la tuberculosis en México, entre 1981 y 1998, comparando datos de la Secretaría de Salud y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó el número de casos y tasas notificados y la tendencia de la enfermedad en los últimos años. Se calculó la incidencia de casos nuevos de tuberculosis bacilíferos mediante el riesgo anual de infección tuberculosa, con lo que se estimó el porcentaje de detección de casos bacilíferos en 1997-1998. RESULTADOS: El número de casos de tuberculosis emitido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud supera al notificado por la Secretaría de Salud, discrepancia que se ha reducido. Los casos bacilíferos se han mantenido entre 1993-1998 y se estimó una detección de 66 y de 26% en 1997 y 1998, respectivamente (para un Riesgo Anual de Infección Tuberculosa de 0.5%. La mortalidad se redujo 6.7% cada año entre 1990 y 1998 mientras que se observó un aumento de casos nuevos, lo que implica la persistencia de la transmisión de la infección entre la población. CONCLUSIONES: Hay discrepancia entre el número de casos de tuberculosis ofrecido por la Secretaría de Salud y la Organización Mundial de la Salud. De acuerdo con las estimaciones por el Riesgo Anual de Infección Tuberculosa se deja de detectar un número considerable de casos bacilíferos.OBJECTIVE: To describe the tuberculosis morbidity and mortality trends in Mexico, by comparing the data reported by the Ministry of Health (MH and the World Health Organization (WHO between 1981 and 1998. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The number of cases notified in the past few years, their rates, and the trends of the disease in Mexico were analyzed. The incidence of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis was estimated for 1997 and 1998 with the annual tuberculosis infection risk (ATIR, to estimate the percentage of bacilliferous cases in 1997-1998. RESULTS: WHO reported more

  3. Lattice dynamics of γ--Ce

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gould, T.A.

    1978-08-01

    The phonon and magnetic measurements described in the thesis produced the following significant results concerning the lattice dynamical and magnetic properties of γ-Ce. The phonon spectrum is relatively soft, which is consistent with results obtained for CeSn 3 . The L [110] and T [111] branches of the dispersion curve are anomalous. The C 11 and C 44 elastic constants are quite close in value. No discrete magnetic excitations were observed. The magnetic scattering is qualitatively similar to the results from Ce 0 . 74 Th 0 . 26 , however, GAMMA/sub Ce/ less than GAMMA/sub Ce-Th/. The various lattice dynamical and magnetic similarities among γ-Ce, CeSn 3 , and Ce 0 . 74 Th 0 . 26 are mixed valence compounds. Therefore, a complete theoretical description of the observed properties of Ce and its compounds may provide a basis for understanding a whole class of mixed valence materials

  4. Hydrothermal synthesis and tunable luminescent properties of Sr{sub 2-x}Dy {sub x}CeO{sub 4} rod-like phosphors derived from co-precipitation precursors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    He Xianghong [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Teachers' University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001 (China) and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Precious Metal Chemistry and Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001 (China)]. E-mail: hexh@jstu.edu.cn; Li Weihua [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Teachers' University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001 (China); Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Precious Metal Chemistry and Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001 (China); Zhou Quanfa [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Teachers' University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001 (China); Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Precious Metal Chemistry and Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001 (China)

    2006-09-25

    Uniform rod-like Sr{sub 2-x}Dy {sub x}CeO{sub 4} nano-phosphors with orthorhombic structure were prepared via a hydrothermal method, in the absence of any surfactant or template. The structure, morphology, particle size, and tunable luminescence properties of the samples were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence spectrum, respectively. The as-prepared phase-pure Sr{sub 2-x}Dy {sub x}CeO{sub 4} nanorods had the length of 50-150 nm and width of 80 nm. The Dy{sup 3+} ions emission in Sr{sub 2-x}Dy {sub x}CeO{sub 4} could be effectively excited through the energy absorbed by Sr{sub 2}CeO{sub 4} host. The tunable photoluminescence has been observed from Sr{sub 2}CeO{sub 4} doped with Dy{sup 3+} ions. Emission color of Sr{sub 2-x}Dy {sub x}CeO{sub 4} phosphor could be regulated from blue-white to white to yellow by adjusting the Dy{sup 3+} doping content in Sr{sub 2}CeO{sub 4} host, which originated from energy transfer between two different emission centers.

  5. The 1998-2002 activity of Piton de la Fournaise, Réunion island: lessons in magma supply and transfers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Semet, M. P.; Joron, J.-L.; Staudacher, T.

    2003-04-01

    In March 1998, Piton de la Fournaise, one of the most frequently active aerial volcanoes on earth, awoke after an unusually long sleep of almost 6 years. This eruption, which was also preceded and accompanied by uncommon patterns of seismicity and deformation (Staudacher et al., 1998), lasted about six months and was followed to the end of 2002 by 9 eruptive episodes of about one week to a little more than a month duration. In these episodes, seismicity and deformations were those more customarily observed. The total amount of erupted magma over this 5 year period amounts to ca. 120 Mm3, which yields an average production rate close to 0.3 m3/s. Suites of lava samples were regularly obtained for each of these episodes, often as water-quenched molten lava, and examined in the laboratory for their petrography and geochemistry. Two subtly differing magmas were erupted in the 1998 episode from two locations. The voluminous lavas vented North of the central cone (Kapor and related vents) were of the ordinary Steady State Basalts (SSB) type modeled by Albarède et al. (1997) yet showed minor but significant evolution through the six months of eruption. Those vented to the South of the cone (Hudson crater) were apparently fed directly and rapidly from depths ca. 15 km, the crust-upper-mantle boundary under Réunion. Hudson samples are of a type observed mostly in peripheral vents but rarely in central eruptions. They are characterized by major and trace element signatures indicating enhanced clinopyroxene fractionation (a high pressure fractionating phase) relative to SSB. In the subsequent 9 eruptions, lavas were again of the SSB kindred, sometimes rich (50 modal %) in cumulative xenocrystic olivine (e.g. June 2001 and January, 2002). Significant chemical differences with the Kapor trend indicate that they were not fed from the same reservoir nor were they akin to Hudson samples. Glass analyses in the quenched post-1998 samples have an almost invariable composition

  6. Políticas de saúde mental e mudanças na demanda de serviços de emergência Mental health policies and changes in the emergency services profile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina M Del-Ben

    1999-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar as mudanças ocorridas em um serviço de emergências psiquiátricas de um hospital universitário de Ribeirão Preto-SP (EP-RP, em função de mudanças nas políticas de saúde mental da região. MÉTODOS: Os dados sobre os atendimentos foram colhidos em arquivos do EP-RP, período de 1988 a 1997. Foram estudadas as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, procedência e diagnóstico principal. Os dados sobre as mudanças nas políticas de saúde mental, na região, foram obtidos de documentos das secretarias de saúde do estado e do município. RESULTADOS: O aumento a cada ano do número de atendimentos realizados acompanhou o progressivo envolvimento do EP-RP na rede de serviços de saúde mental. Em 1995 a procura pelo serviço foi 2,3 vezes maior do que em 1988. Nesse período o atendimento no EP-RP deu apoio às mudanças nas políticas de saúde mental na região, que resultaram na redução de 654 leitos psiquiátricos. Em 1996 e 1997 houve uma diminuição do total de atendimentos em cerca de 20% com relação a 1995, acompanhando o aumento do número e da capacidade de atendimento dos serviços extra-hospitalares. A partir de 1990 o serviço passou a atender uma maior proporção de pacientes mais velhos, do sexo masculino, com diagnóstico de dependência de substâncias e transtornos psicóticos e uma proporção menor de quadros não psicóticos. CONCLUSÕES: As mudanças observadas no EP-RP correlacionam-se com as das políticas de saúde mental na região de Ribeirão Preto, como a instalação da Central de Vagas Psiquiátricas, em 1990, a redução de leitos psiquiátricos a partir de 1993 e a criação e/ou ampliação de serviços extra-hospitalares a partir de 1995.OBJECTIVE: To verify the modifications observed in a school hospital psychiatric emergency unit in Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil (EP-RP, due to alterations in the mental health policies implemented in this region. METHODS: Data about attendances was

  7. Mulher, saúde e trabalho no Brasil: desafios para um novo agir Women, health, and labor in Brazil: challenges for new action

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Estela Maria L. de Aquino

    1995-06-01

    Full Text Available Apesar do marcante aumento da participação das mulheres no mercado de trabalho, no Brasil, persiste um desconhecimento generalizado sobre os efeitos do trabalho sobre sua saúde. Neste artigo, em revisão da literatura, pretendeu-se identificar questões teóricas e metodológicas na análise das relações entre trabalho e saúde de mulheres a partir de uma perspectiva de gênero. Assinala-se as características da inserção profissional feminina, decorrentes de seu papel na reprodução social, que resultam na necessidade de estratégias variadas de conciliação entre as atividades profissionais e as domésticas. Discute-se as implicações da inserção social das mulheres trabalhadoras para a sua saúde e a necessidade de repensar criticamente teorias e conceitos, estratégias metodológicas, fontes de informação, para dar conta da complexidade e das especificidades das condições de trabalho e de existência das mulheres. A recente atuação das mulheres sindicalistas na defesa do direito ao corpo, à saúde e à feminilidade no ambiente de trabalho não pode prescindir de um novo olhar, que se produz de modo ainda incipiente no espaço acadêmico, por inspiração do movimento social de mulheres. Nesse sentido, apontam-se os desafios para a produção do conhecimento sobre o tema, que desvendem as singularidades da realidade nacional, caracterizada pelo desemprego, o trabalho informal, os baixos salários, a fragilidade das organizações sindicais e sociais, além de relações tradicionais familiares e matrimoniais.Despite the remarkable rise in women's participation in the labor market in Brazil, its consequences on health are still virtually unknown. This study aims to identify theoretical and methodological problems in the relationship between labor and women's health from a gender perspective. Characteristics of women's occupational placement are described and analyzed as resulting from their role in social reproduction. The

  8. Saúde Ambiental: uma Análise dos Resultados das Conferências Nacionais de Meio Ambiente, Saúde e Saúde Ambiental

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    Maria Beatriz Maury de Carvalho

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available A representação nas políticas públicas do conceito de saúde ambiental, como expressão do equilíbrio da rede de conexões entre a sociedade humana e a natureza é discutida neste trabalho, no intuito de demonstrar o status quo da saúde ambiental nas políticas públicas no país. Primeiro foi traçado o histórico da “ambientalização na saúde”, do conceito de saúde ambiental e da institucionalização das políticas ambientais e de saúde ambiental no âmbito dos Ministérios do Meio Ambiente e da Saúde. As interações entre as políticas de Saúde e de Meio Ambiente para a efetivação de uma Política Nacional de Saúde Ambiental e as intersecções dos resultados das Conferências Nacionais de Saúde, Meio Ambiente e Saúde Ambiental foram analisadas; concluindo- se com os avanços conseguidos pelos dois setores, os desafios para a articulação intersetorial e a participação social para a construção de políticas públicas de saúde ambiental.

  9. Perfil e práticas de saúde bucal do agente comunitário de saúde em municípios piauienses de pequeno porte Profile and procedures of the community health agents regarding oral health in the countryside of Piauí State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcoeli Silva de Moura

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa foi traçar o perfil demográfico e práticas de saúde bucal do ACS, em cidades de pequeno porte do Estado do Piauí. Foram selecionados quatro municípios: Água Branca, Piracuruca, Queimada Nova e Simões. O método utilizado foi o transversal observacional descritivo. Foram aplicados questionários a 109 ACS, constituídos de 28 perguntas fechadas. Os dados foram transferidos para planilha do programa ExcelÒ, tabulados e analisados. Pelos dados obtidos, foi possível concluir que: (1 o agente comunitário de saúde do interior do Piauí é predominantemente do sexo feminino, casado, com idade entre 20-39 anos, tem em média de um a três filhos, com grau de escolaridade médio acima de nove anos, renda de um salário mínimo, residindo em média há 24 anos na comunidade; (2 a grande maioria dos ACS não foi capacitada, não assistiu palestras educativas sobre saúde bucal; entretanto, quase a metade realiza atividades em saúde bucal, mas não as registra; (3 a autopercepção sobre o conhecimento em saúde bucal pelos ACS predominou entre conceitos regular e bom, o que coincidiu com o percentual de acertos ao questionário aplicado.The aim of this survey was to draw the demographic profile and the actions concerning oral health carried out by the communitarian agents of health, in small towns of Piauí State, Brazil. Four towns were chosen: Água Branca, Piracuruca, Queimada Nova e Simões. The method used was observational descriptive cross-sectional. One hundred and nine agents were assessed through questionnaires, with 28 multiples choice questions. Data was analyzed in Excel. It was possible to conclude that: the communitarian agents on the countryside of Piauí are predominantly females, married, age between 20-39, with one to three children, nine years of formal education, monthly income of one minimum salary, and has been living in their community for 24 years in average; the large majority of the agents

  10. Dopant concentration dependence of radiation-induced positive hysteresis of Ce:GSO and Ce:GSOZ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yanagida, Takayuki; Fujimoto, Yutaka; Watanabe, Kenichi

    2014-01-01

    Positive hysteresis and radiation tolerance to high-dose radiation exposure were investigated for Ce 0.5, 1, and 1.5%-doped Gd 2 SiO 5 (GSO) and for Zr co-doped GSO with the same Ce concentrations (GSOZ). When they were irradiated by 200–800 Gy 60 Co in 200 Gy steps, all Ce-doped GSO samples exhibited light yield enhancement (positive hysteresis). On the other hand, the light yield of GSOZ decreased greatly. Ce 0.5%-doped GSO showed the highest positive hysteresis, with ∼20% light yield enhancement. When the Ce concentration was increased, the positive hysteresis became weaker. - Highlights: • Positive hysteresis Ce 0.5, 1, and 1.5% doped GSO and GSOZ are studied. • Ce 0.5, 1, and 1.5% doped GSO show the positive hysteresis by 2–8 M rad 60 Co irradiation. • Ce 0.5, 1, and 1.5% doped GSOZ do not show the positive hysteresis. • By Zn co-doping, radiation tolerance of GSO becomes weaker. • By dense Ce doping, radiation tolerance of GSO and GSOZ are improved

  11. Frequency of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis detected by computed skull tomography in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silva, J E; Diefenthäler, A P; Palma, J K

    2000-01-01

    Due to the lack of studies about neurocysticercosis in the South of Brazil, an investigation was conducted to determine the percentage of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis in computed tomography diagnoses in Santa Maria, RS, from January 1997 to December 1998. Of 6300 computed tomographies (CT) of the skull performed at the private Hospital de Caridade Astrogildo de Azevedo, 80, i.e., 1.27% were suspected of neurocysticercosis. Fifty were women (62.5%) and 30 were men (37.5%). The most frequent radiological manifestation indicating neurocysticercosis was the presence of calcifications (isolated or associated), with a 95% rate (76 cases), while the presence of hypodense lesions reached a 5% rate (4 cases). After routine analysis, each CT was evaluated again and the suspected cases were confirmed. The percentage of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis detected by CT in the present study carried out in Santa Maria was considered low (1.27%). This can be explained by the fact that tomography is not accessible to the economically underprivileged population of Santa Maria. We hope that the present study can alert the population and the professionals to the fact that neurocysticercosis is a more frequent disease than indicated by the few diagnoses made.

  12. Tuning Ce distribution for high performanced Nd-Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fan, Xiaodong [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048 (China); Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201 (China); Guo, Shuai; Chen, Kan; Chen, Renjie; Lee, Don [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201 (China); You, Caiyin, E-mail: caiyinyou@xaut.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048 (China); Yan, Aru, E-mail: aruyan@nimte.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201 (China)

    2016-12-01

    A dual-alloy method was applied to tune the distribution of Ce for enhancing the performance of Nd-Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets with a nominal composition of (Nd{sub 0.75}Ce{sub 0.25}){sub 30.5}Fe{sub bal}Al{sub 0.1}Cu{sub 0.1}B. In comparison to the single alloy of (Nd{sub 0.75}Ce{sub 0.25}){sub 30.5}Fe{sub bal}Al{sub 0.1}Cu{sub 0.1}B, the coercivity was enhanced from 10.3 kOe to 12.1 kOe and the remanence was increased from 13.1 kG to 13.3 kG for the magnets with a dual-alloy method. In addition, the remanence temperature coefficient α and coercivity temperature coefficient β were also slightly improved for the magnet with the dual alloys. The results of microstructure characterizations show the uniform distribution of Ce for the magnet with a single alloy, and the coexistence of the Ce-rich and Ce-lean regions for the magnet with the dual alloys. In combinations with the nucleation of reversal domains and magnetic recoil curves, the property enhancement of magnets with a dual-alloy method was well explained. - Highlights: • Improved magnetic properties were obtained in dual-alloy magnet. • This is due to the tuning of Ce distribution and the change in microstructure. • The magnetic hardening effect can be observed in dual-alloy magnet.

  13. A teorização sobre processo de trabalho em saúde como instrumental para análise do trabalho no Programa Saúde da Família Theoretical review of the work process in health care used to analyze work in the Family Health Program in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edilza Maria Ribeiro

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica foi destacar a utilidade da teorização sobre o processo de trabalho em saúde para analisar a realidade cotidiana do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF. Desde 1994, o PSF vem rapidamente expandindo a cobertura em saúde da população brasileira e conseqüentemente sua força de trabalho. Assim demanda atenção, responsabilização e contribuições de várias naturezas, de atores e instituições. Trata-se de um trabalho do setor de serviços que ocorre em uma conjuntura neoliberal. Compartilha características de outros trabalhos do setor de serviços, como a burocratização, a influência da divisão parcelar do trabalho e as dificuldades do trabalho em equipe, além da pouca consideração da subjetividade de usuários e trabalhadores. Destacam-se condições do trabalho das equipes de saúde da família, alternativas para revitalização do trabalho em saúde e enfrentamento de condições alienantes do processo de trabalho. Finalmente, ratifica-se a visão da condição dialética do processo de trabalho em saúde no PSF, com suas possibilidades de sucesso, concebido e funcionando permeado por contradições e dificuldades.This literature review focused on the work process in health care, particularly issues linked to the Family Health Program. Since 1994, the Program has rapidly expanded health coverage for the Brazilian population, and as a result the Program's work force has also increased. The Program thus requires attention, allocation of responsibilities, and contributions of various types by stakeholders and institutions. The work occurs in the services sector, within a neoliberal scenario. Work in health care shares some characteristics with other occupations in the services sector, such as bureaucratization, the influence of capitalist division of labor, and difficulties in teamwork, in addition to little regard for the subjectivity of health system clients and workers. The study

  14. Influence of surface functionalization on structural and photo-luminescence properties of CeF{sub 3}:Tb nanoparticles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ansari, Anees A., E-mail: aneesaansari@gmail.com

    2017-07-01

    Graphical abstract: We designed highly aqueous dispersible CeF{sub 3}:Tb@LaF{sub 3}@SiO{sub 2} nanoparticles. The epitaxial growth of inert LaF{sub 3} shell and further amorphous silica, respectively, enhanced their optical and luminescence properties, which is highly usable for luminescent biolabeling, and optical bio-probe etc. - Abstract: Highly luminescent and aqueous soluble CeF{sub 3}:Tb (core),CeF{sub 3}:Tb@LaF{sub 3}(core/shell) and CeF{sub 3}:Tb@LaF{sub 3}@ SiO{sub 2} (core/shell/Si) nanoparticles(NPs) with mean particle size 12 nm were prepared by co-precipitation method at low temperature. X-ray diffraction pattern verified the phase purity, high crystallinity of hexagonal structure. The TEM image and SAED pattern revealed the single phase polycrystalline nature, well-dispersed irregular shaped hexagonal structure. FTIR spectra show the characteristic infrared peaks of silica, it suggests the successful silica surface coating around the core/shell NPs. The excitation and emission intensity of core/shell NPs were remarkably increased then their counterpart core NPs. It implies that a significant amount of nonradiative transition centers existing on the surface of core NPs has been eliminated due to the formation of passivated LaF{sub 3} layer. The silica surface modification over the core/shell NPs strikingly enhanced the solubility character in an aqueous environment.

  15. The Iran Sanctions Act (ISA)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-06-04

    billion4 contract (September 1997) for Total SA of France and its partners, Gazprom of Russia and Petronas of Malaysia to develop phases 2 and 3 of the 25...companies. On July 12, 2008, Total and Petronas , the original South Pars investors, pulled out of a deal to develop a liquified natural gas (LNG...do not exceed the $20 million in one year threshold for ISA sanctionability. Since the Total/ Petronas /Gazprom project in 1998, no projects have

  16. Promoção de Saúde e a Funcionalidade Humana

    OpenAIRE

    Ana Cristhina de Oliveira Brasil

    2013-01-01

    Para a elaboração de políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil, dois aspectos devem ser levados em consideração, a saber, a transição demográfica e a transição epidemiológica. Cada vez mais, observa-se um aumento no número de pessoas idosas convivendo com inúmeras incapacidades e, ainda, um perfil epidemiológico. A Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) 1998-2003 indica uma distribuição de doenças crônicas que, consequentemente, tem gerado um número expressivo de incapacidades. ...

  17. Fabrication of Nano-CeO2 and Application of Nano-CeO2 in Fe Matrix Composites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tiebao, W.; Chunxiang, C.; Xiaodong, W.; Guobin, L.

    2010-01-01

    It is expatiated that nano-CeO2 is fabricated by the direct sedimentation method. The components and particles diameter of nano-CeO2 powders are analyzed by XRD and SEM . The thermodynamic analysis and acting mechanism of nano-CeO2 with Al in Fe matrix composites are researched, which shows that the reaction is generated between CeO2 and Al in the composite, that is, 3CeO2+4Al - 2Al2O3+3[Ce], which obtains Al2O3 and active [Ce] during the sintering process. The active [Ce] can improve the performance of CeO2/Fe matrix composites. The suitable amount of CeO2 is about 0.05% in CeO2/Fe matrix composites. SEM fracture analysis shows that the toughness sockets in nano-CeO2/Fe matrix composites are more than those in no-added nano-CeO2 composites, which can explain that adding nano-CeO2 into Fe matrix composite, the toughness of the composite is improved significantly. Applied nano-CeO2 to Fe matrix diamond saw blades shows that Fe matrix diamond saw blade is sharper and of longer cutting life than that with no-added nano-CeO2.

  18. A anemia falciforme como problema de Saúde Pública no Brasil The sickle cell disease as a Public Health problem in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto B. de Paiva e Silva

    1993-02-01

    Full Text Available Apesar de a anemia falciforme ser a doença hereditária de maior prevalência no Brasil, a literatura nacional carece de investigações a respeito dos seus aspectos de Saúde Pública. Investigou-se a realidade vivida por 80 pacientes adultos (49 mulheres e 31 homens com diagnóstico de anemia falciforme, seguidos regularmente em centro hematológico. O diagnóstico tardio da doença foi um dos principais aspectos detectados na casuística examinada. Observou-se que a problemática maior do paciente adulto com a anemia falciforme esta centrada nos aspectos econômicos, sobretudo na falta de oportunidades profissionais, apesar de os mesmos poderem participar do mercado de trabalho, desde que estejam recebendo tratamento médico adequado e exerçam funções compatíveis com as suas limitações e potencialidades. A orientação psicoterapêutica teve uma grande aceitação pelos pacientes, sem diferença significativa entre os sexos. Concluiu-se haver necessidade da implantação de programas comunitários de diagnóstico precoce e de orientação médica, social e psicológica dos doentes com a anemia falciforme no Brasil, bem como de aconselhamento genético não diretivo dos casais de heterozigotos com o traço falciforme.Sickle cell anemia is the most prevalent hereditary disease in Brazil. However, the Brazilian literature registers no investigations into the public health aspects of the disease. This present study investigates the way of life of 80 adult patients (49 women and 31 men with a diagnosis of sicklecell anemia, at a blood center in Brazil. The late diagnosis of the disease was one of the most significant aspects observed in this group of patients. It was also observed that the dominant problem faced by adult patients with sickle cell anemia is of an economic nature, mainly due to lack of professional opportunities. However, patients can well undertake economic activities under adequate medical supervision, according to their

  19. Electricity supply, district heating and supply of natural- and gas-works gas 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2000-01-01

    This report is based on information covering enterprises producing, selling and transmitting electrical energy or producing and distributing hot water for district heating. The producers of electricity included in this report have either at least 100 kW in prime movers for electrical generation or at least 400 kW in prime movers and no public distribution. Enterprises are obliged by law to report these data. Data are requested concerning three types of statistical units: power stations, heating plants, and units reporting complete economic information (deliveries, sales value, production costs etc.). Power stations may be regarded as technical units and data are collected on technical equipment, consumption of fuels, production and own consumption of electrical energy. For heating plants data are collected on production and turnover of steam and hot water and on consumption of fuels and electrical energy. At the end of 1998 the installed capacity of generators amounted to 34 389 MW. Hydro-electrical capacity accounted for 48 % of total installed capacity. Compared to 1997 the capacity increased by 55 MW for hydro-electrical power and, decreased by 254 MW for conventional thermal power. Total capacity decreased by 147 MW or 0.4 %. The net production of electrical energy in 1998 amounted to 154 552 GWh, an increase of 6.4 % compared to 1997 The production of hydro-electrical power increased by 8.2 %. Hydro-electrical power accounted for 47 % of total production. Nuclear-power production increased by 6.2 % Conventional thermal-power production decreased by 28.9 %. The consumption of electricity (excl. transmission losses) increased by 0,8 % to 133 096 GWh. By consumption sectors the percentage changes were: in agriculture, etc. -9.9 %; in mining, quarrying and manufacturing +2.2 %; in construction -7.8 %; in electricity, heating, gas and water services -4.6 %; in commerce, real estate, etc. +1.8 %; in transport, storage and communication -2.9 %; in community, social

  20. Canadian oil and gas survey 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roberge, R.B.

    1998-01-01

    The year 1997 brought record levels of financing for the Canadian oil and gas industry which led to record levels of capital spending and unprecedented merger and acquisition activity. Production records were achieved, but soft commodity prices in the fourth quarter resulted in a significant downturn in the equity markets. El Nino reduced demand for natural gas and heating oil, resulting in increased storage levels for both commodities. Record drilling and capital spending fueled the Canadian oilfield service industry as total market capitalization rose to $10 billion. As for the 1998 outlook, the industry has turned to natural gas as the favoured commodity, as indicated by the conclusion of the Alliance pipeline hearings and the Nova/TCPL merger. This survey presents a review of crude oil and natural gas production, prices, and capital spending for development and exploratory wells, and the financial and operating results for fiscal year 1997 of selected oil and gas companies and income trusts. All listed companies are Canadian public companies, or publicly traded income trusts, traded on one of the country's four major stock exchanges. They are ranked according to gross oil and gas production revenue only (before royalties). Syncrude and oil sands production is also included. The remaining data in the financial statistics tables includes all business segments of each company included. The survey excluded companies that were wholly-owned subsidiaries, divisions or U.S. subsidiaries and private companies. tabs., figs

  1. As Interações entre o Setor Saúde e a Saúde Mental a Partir das Estatísticas de Ciência e Tecnologia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catari Vilela Chaves

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available This article focuses the sectoral dimension of the national systems of innovation (NSI, highlighting the health innovation system and its connection with mental health. On the basis of traditional science and technology (S&T indicators – articles and patents, respectively – the hierarchical clusters approach is used to investigate countries characteristics and distributions. Considerable discontinuity in the health sector is noticed regarding scientific and technological productions between developed and developing countries, evidencing problems that developing countries need to overcome in order to catch up. Brazil has a balanced scientific and technological production in health but only scientific production in mental health. It is expected that the country takes advantage of its scientific potential and move forward to encourage the productive sector in the field.A partir da literatura de economia da tecnologia, este artigo enfoca a dimensão setorial do Sistema Nacional de Inovação (NSI, na sigla em inglês com ênfase no setor saúde e sua conexão com a saúde mental. Com base nos indicadores tradicionais de Ciência e Tecnologia C&T (artigos e patentes, respectivamente aplica-se o método de clusters hierárquicos para investigar as características e distribuições dos países. Identifica-se uma descontinuidade científico-tecnológica entre o grupo de países mais desenvolvidos e os menos desenvolvidos com relação ao setor saúde, indicando peculiaridades desse setor e possíveis problemas específicos para catching up. O Brasil apresenta produção científica e tecnológica em saúde, mas apenas produção científica em saúde mental. Espera-se que o País aproveite seu potencial científico e avance no sentido de incentivar o setor produtivo na área.

  2. Vulnerability to episodes of extreme weather: Butajira, Ethiopia, 1998-1999.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Emmelin, Anders; Fantahun, Mesganaw; Berhane, Yemane; Wall, Stig; Byass, Peter

    2008-12-16

    During 1999-2000, great parts of Ethiopia experienced a period of famine which was recognised internationally. The aim of this paper is to characterise the epidemiology of mortality of the period, making use of individual, longitudinal population-based data from the Butajira demographic surveillance site and rainfall data from a local site. Vital statistics and household data were routinely collected in a cluster sample of 10 sub-communities in the Butajira district in central Ethiopia. These were supplemented by rainfall and agricultural data from the national reporting systems. Rainfall was high in 1998 and well below average in 1999 and 2000. In 1998, heavy rains continued from April into October, in 1999 the small rains failed and the big rains lasted into the harvesting period. For the years 1998-1999, the mortality rate was 24.5 per 1,000 person-years, compared with 10.2 in the remainder of the period 1997-2001. Mortality peaks reflect epidemics of malaria and diarrhoeal disease. During these peaks, mortality was significantly higher among the poorer. The analyses reveal a serious humanitarian crisis with the Butajira population during 1998-1999, which met the CDC guideline crisis definition of more than one death per 10,000 per day. No substantial humanitarian relief efforts were triggered, though from the results it seems likely that the poorest in the farming communities are as vulnerable as the pastoralists in the North and East of Ethiopia. Food insecurity and reliance on subsistence agriculture continue to be major issues in this and similar rural communities. Epidemics of traditional infectious diseases can still be devastating, given opportunities in nutritionally challenged populations with little access to health care.

  3. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolated from pigs with swine erysipelas in Japan, 1988-1998.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yamamoto, K; Kijima, M; Yoshimura, H; Takahashi, T

    2001-03-01

    The susceptibility to 21 antimicrobial agents of 214 strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolated from pigs affected with swine erysipelas in Japan between 1988 and 1998 was determined. Ampicillin, cloxacillin, benzylpenicillin, ceftiofur, tylosin, enrofloxacin and danofloxacin were the most active agents [minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs); doxycycline were detected. The susceptibilities to dihydrostreptomycin and oxytetracycline tended to decrease. Investigation of the differences in antimicrobial susceptibility of the 214 strains according to their serotypes, sources, isolation years and regions, showed that the strains resistant to dihydrostreptomycin were most frequently found in the strains of serotype 1a and in strains from septicaemic cases. Strains resistant to oxytetracycline were detected in all serotypes and all sources, and most of the strains resistant to erythromycin were detected in the strains of serotype 2. The frequency of strains resistant to dihydrostreptomycin gradually increased from 1988 to 1996, but then decreased between 1997 and 1998. The frequency of strains resistant to oxytetracycline was remained more than 38% from 1988 to 1998. It was suggested that the strains resistant to dihydrostreptomycin and oxytetracycline were distributed over almost all districts of Japan.

  4. Health physics in JAERI, No. 40. April 1, 1997 - March 31, 1998

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-12-01

    In the annual report No. 40(fiscal 1997) are described the activities of health physics in Tokai Research Establishment, Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research Establishment, Oarai Research Establishment, Kansai Research Establishment and Mutsu Establishment. In all the establishments, radiation monitoring in nuclear facilities, individual monitoring, environmental monitoring and maintenance of monitoring instruments were carried out as in the previous years. There were no occupational exposure exceeding the effective dose equivalent limit and no release of radioactive gaseous and liquid wastes beyond the release limits specified in the regulations, Kansai Research Establishment completely discontinued use of radioisotopes at Neyagawa Office and commissioned Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute to manage radiation control works on the Synchrotron Radiation Facilities. The investigation of the radiation monitoring plans for Advanced Photon Research Center which is founded at Kizu site was started. Technology developments were made as in the previous years for improving the techniques and methods of monitoring of individuals, facilities and environment, and also radiation measurement instrumentation. The research works were carried out in various fields such as radiation dosimetry, environmental monitoring, and so forth. (author)

  5. Communication of 16 June 1998 received from the Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the International Atomic Energy Agency

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The document reproduces the text of the communication dated 16 June 1998 received at the IAEA from the Permanent Mission of New Zealand, forwarding a Joint Ministerial Declaration released by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Slovenia, South Africa and Sweden in connection with the nuclear disarmament

  6. Communication of 16 June 1998 received from the Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the International Atomic Energy Agency

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-06-22

    The document reproduces the text of the communication dated 16 June 1998 received at the IAEA from the Permanent Mission of New Zealand, forwarding a Joint Ministerial Declaration released by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Slovenia, South Africa and Sweden in connection with the nuclear disarmament

  7. Impacto de "El Niño 1997-98" sobre el asentamiento larval de algunos invertebrados marinos bentónicos de bahía Independencia, Pisco -Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elmer Ramos

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó mensualmente los cambios y la magnitud del impacto de "El Niño" (EN, sobre el mecanismo del asentamiento larval de algunos invertebrados marinos bentónicos, en sustratos artificiales filamentosos (fibra nylon, entre enero 1996 y julio 1998, en una estación fija, a 10m de profundidad, situada en el lado oriental de la Isla Independencia, en Bahía Independencia, Durante 1996, en la fase fría "La Niña" (LN, el número de especies presentó un pico en abril y la densidad en junio. En la fase cálida EN 199798, la densidad total y el número de especies, presentaron un primer pico en marzo de 1997, luego, un segundo pico, en febrero y julio de 1998, respectivamente. Un primer grupo de especies que intensificó su asentamiento durante la fase fría LN 1996, estuvo constituido por el bivalvo Hiatella solida, el turbelario Notoplana sp. y el gastrópodo Caecum chilense. El segundo grupo intensificó su asentamiento en la etapa temprana de la fase cálida EN 1997-98, Y lo formaron el braquiópodo Discinisca lamel/osa, el equinodermo Ophíactís kr6yerí y bivalvos de la Familia Mytllidae, Un tercer grupo, mostró una intensificación del asentamiento larval, en la etapa tardía de la fase cálida EN 1997-98, a inicios de 1998, y fue formado por el bivalvo Argopecten purpuratus y un gastrópodo turriforme. La aparición de larvas recién asentadas de especies tropicales, como el bivalvo Ptería stema y el gastrópodo Epitoníum sp., tuvo lugar en la etapa tardía de la fase cálida EN 1997-98.

  8. 76 FR 13063 - Airworthiness Directives; EUROCOPTER FRANCE Model SA330F, SA330G, and SA330J Helicopters

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-10

    ... Airworthiness Directives; EUROCOPTER FRANCE Model SA330F, SA330G, and SA330J Helicopters AGENCY: Federal... system and the pedals rocking forward. After investigation, it was determined that the Loctite bond on the ``tall pilot'' stop nut was damaged, most likely due to aging of the adhesive. The nut came loose...

  9. A descriptive epidemiology of leisure-time physical activity in Brazil, 1996-­1997 Epidemiología descriptiva de la actividad física en horas libres en el Brasil, 1996­-1997

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos A. Monteiro

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence, frequency, type, motivation for, and demographic and socioeconomic distribution of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA among adults in Brazil. METHODS: The data source for our study was the Brazilian Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS (Pesquisa sobre Padrões de Vida, which was conducted in 1996 and 1997. This survey studied a multistage stratified probabilistic sample of 4 893 households, which included 11 033 persons who were 20 years of age or older. The surveyed households were selected in the two most populous Brazilian regions, the Northeast and the Southeast, where in total 70% of all Brazilians live. The selected persons responded to a series of questions concerning their leisure-time physical activities. RESULTS: Only 13% of the Brazilians surveyed reported performing at least a minimum of 30 minutes of LTPA on one or more days of the week, and only 3.3% reported doing the recommended minimum of 30 minutes on 5 or more days of the week. In younger age groups, men were more active than were women. However, this difference sharply decreased with increasing age, and by the age range of 40 to 45 years the prevalence of LTPA was similarly low in both genders. Men reported engaging in more team sports, and women reported more walking/jogging activities, but walking/jogging was relatively more common in both genders when physical activity was performed on 5 or more days of the week. Recreation was by far the leading reason given by men to engage in LTPA, while recreation, health concerns, and even esthetic concerns were all relevant for women. In both genders, health concerns tended to be relatively more important for those exercising more days of the week. Also in both genders, increasing age was associated with more frequent LTPA, more walking/jogging than team sports, and more health concerns reasons than reasons related to recreation. Among both men and women there was a strong association

  10. Yearbook 1998. TULISIJA Research Programme for Wood Firing Technology; Vuosikirja - Aarsbok 1997. TULISIJA

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ljung, M.; Kilpinen, P. [eds.

    1999-11-01

    TULISIJA is the 3-year national research programme for small scale wood firing technology with the aim to assist manufacturers in their efforts to develop the most emission-free, yet efficient, wood firing equipment in the world. The following ten projects have been in progress during the year 1998: The behaviour of fuel; Computational fluid dynamics simulation of combustion in small scale wood ovens; computational fluid dynamics simulation of combustion in small scale wood ovens and modelling of emission chemistry; Modelling of heat transfer in fireplace walls and constructions; Detailed emission and temperature measurements in the TULISIJA test oven; Measurement environment for fireplace testing; Reduction of emissions from soapstone fireplaces; Development of a new modular method for fireplace manufacture; Replacement of energy intensive raw material with recycled industrial waste and further development of combustion processes in fireplaces and Instructions for dimensioning and design of fireplaces for optimum living atmosphere in residences

  11. El tratamiento de la información de la violencia de género en los medios de comunicación: análisis comparativo de las noticias en prensa, radio, televisión e Internet: años 1997-1998//2011-2012

    OpenAIRE

    Pascua Rodríguez, María Cristina

    2015-01-01

    El valor de la tesis "El tratamiento de la información de la violencia de género en los medios de comunicación. Análisis comparativo de las noticias en prensa, radio, televisión e Internet. Años 1997-1998//2011-2012" radica precisamente en la visión de la descripción detallada del retrato de la violencia de género en y por los medios de comunicación. Este estudio pretende analizar la relevancia, la cantidad y calidad de las noticias sobre violencia de género y su prevención publicadas en...

  12. Utilização de serviços de saúde por idosos vivendo na comunidade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Calíope Pilger

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o padrão de utilização dos serviços de saúde por idosos cadastrados nos serviços públicos de Guarapuava-PR. Realizou-se inquérito domiciliar com 359 idosos selecionados por meio de amostragem estratificada proporcional. As entrevistas foram aplicadas entre janeiro e abril de 2010 no domicílio do idoso, utilizando-se as seções I e III do questionário BOAS (Brazil Old Age Schedule. Para apreciação aplicou-se análise de associação por meio do teste χ². Os serviços de saúde mais utilizados pelos idosos nos últimos três meses foram à consulta médica (49,6% e os exames clínicos (38,4%. As mulheres utilizaram mais os serviços de saúde (p=0,0240; 55,6% dos idosos relataram não procurar os serviços dentários. Conclui-se que a população idosa é grande usuária dos serviços de saúde e a rede pública do município necessita se organizar frente a uma demanda crescente por procedimentos diagnósticos terapêuticos.

  13. Consórcios Intermunicipais de Saúde: o caso do Paraná, Brasil Inter-municipal health consortia: the case of Paraná State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sônia Cristina Stefano Nicoletto

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available Os Consórcios Intermunicipais de Saúde (CIS surgiram no âmbito do SUS no final da década de 80. Os gestores municipais aderiram a essa estratégia, visando potencializar as ações e serviços de saúde oferecidos à população. Esta pesquisa analisou o perfil dos CIS do Paraná, Brasil, focalizando a assistência médica especializada. Os dados são dos relatórios sobre os consórcios realizados pelo Conselho Estadual de Saúde e dos questionários enviados para os vinte CIS. Os parâmetros utilizados foram a Portaria nº 1.101 e dados publicados do perfil do sistema de saúde do Paraná em 2000. Dos 399 municípios paranaenses, 81,5% integram CIS. Os especialistas são cedidos pelos municípios (4,4%, Estado (13,6%, união (12,8%, ou contratados pelo próprio CIS (69,2%. A oferta de consultas especializadas não é suficiente ou sua distribuição é feita de forma inadequada. Há falha no mecanismo de referência e contra-referência. O CIS é um instrumento viável para ampliar e potencializar a capacidade dos municípios em ofertar consultas especializadas; porém, há necessidade de ser utilizado com critérios, planejamento e adequado sistema de referência e contra-referência.Inter-municipal health consortia emerged in Brazil's Unified National Health System (SUS policy in the late 1980s. Municipal health administrators adhered to this strategy with the aim of upgrading health services supplied to the population. This research analyzes the profile of such consortia in Paraná State, focusing on specialized medical care. Data were obtained from reports by the State Health Council and questionnaires sent to all 20 existing municipal health consortia. Governmental Decree no. 1,101 and data published in 2000 on the profile of the health system in Paraná were used as references. Of the 399 municipalities in Paraná State, 81.5% have joined municipal consortia. Specialists are allocated by municipalities (4.4%, the State government (13

  14. Biological reduction-deposition and luminescent properties of nanostructured CePO{sub 4}@NaCe(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O) and CePO{sub 4}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yu, Xiaoniu [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (China); Research Institute of Green Construction Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (China); Qian, Chunxiang, E-mail: cxqian@seu.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (China); Research Institute of Green Construction Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (China)

    2016-03-01

    Nano-sized CePO{sub 4}@NaCe(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O) and CePO{sub 4} with hexagonal phase have been prepared by simply varying the reactant P/Ce molar ratio in bacterial liquid. The phase composition of two samples was checked via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, displaying the presence of CePO{sub 4}@NaCe(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O) and CePO{sub 4} with average crystallite size are 32.34 and 15.61 nm, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that nano-clusters and sphere-like in shape with a narrow diameter distribution were observed in two samples. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photographs further indicate obtained CePO{sub 4}@NaCe(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O) and CePO{sub 4} nanoparticles correspond to nanosheets and nanorods, respectively. The emission spectra of CePO{sub 4}@NaCe(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O) and CePO{sub 4} display a broad band of 300–380 nm range with the strongest emission at 342 nm in the violet region. - Highlights: • A new method was found to synthesize CePO{sub 4}@NaCe(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O) and CePO{sub 4} nanoparticles. • CePO{sub 4}@NaCe(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O) nanoparticles have good luminescent properties. • Size and luminescent properties of two samples have been studied and compared.

  15. Dinámica poblacional de Donax dentifer (Veneroida: Donacidae en Bahía Málaga, Pacífico colombiano durante el fenómeno "El Niño" 1997/1998

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José M. Riascos

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Donax dentifer es un bivalvo dominante en comunidades de playa arenosa en la costa del Pacífico colombiano. Se muestreó mensualmente una población de este bivalvo en Bahía Málaga, Pacífico colombiano entre agosto de 1997 y julio de 1998 cuando ocurrió el evento "El Niño" 1997/1998. Se tomaron muestras cuantitativas mensuales usando transectos lineales perpendiculares y paralelos a la línea de costa para determinar la densidad poblacional y realizar una distribución de frecuencias de longitud. Se tomaron también muestras cualitativas mensuales para estudiar la reproducción y establecer relaciones peso-longitud. Se registró la temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, salinidad y pH de la columna de agua en el sitio de muestreo. Adicionalmente se realizó un experimento de marcaje-recaptura para estimar el crecimiento de la población. Los resultados indican que la población tiene un ciclo de reproducción continuo, con dos períodos de desove anuales en diciembre y marzo. Los parámetros de crecimiento de la función de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy fueron K=0.624 año-1 y L∞=29.3 mm. La mortalidad total (Z fue de Z=2.605 año -1 para los individuos pequeños (entre 2 mm y 5 mm y menor (Z=1.714 año -1 para los individuos grandes (entre 19 mm y 25 mm. La biomasa promedio anual de la población fue =1.22 g de peso seco libre de cenizas m-2 y la producción somática anual Psom/= 1.215 g de peso seco libre de cenizas m-2, lo que corresponde a una tasa de Psom/= 0.988. Aunque se observó un incremento en la densidad poblacional durante noviembre y abril, no hay evidencia de una clara relación entre la densidad poblacional y la ocurrencia del fenómeno "El Niño". Los cambios en la concentración de oxígeno disuelto mostraron una alta correlación con los parámetros del ciclo reproductivo, posiblemente como consecuencia de la influencia de este parámetro en procesos de asimilación y el ciclo de peso corporal. El crecimiento de D. dentifer

  16. Report on the survey in fiscal 1998. Survey on an environment technology transfer information network; 1998 nendo hokokusho. Kankyo gijutsu iten joho network chosa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-03-01

    This paper describes a survey on an environment technology transfer information network. Based on the achievements obtained by the surveys in fiscal 1995 and 1996, the ICETT has participated as one organization constituting the APEC environment technology exchange virtual center, and begun providing information since April 1997. As the environment technology information, those items actually employed by factories and operation sites in Japan are put into a data base, and into a home page including training information centering around those contained in the data base, and examples of works done by local governments for prevention of pollution. Furthermore in fiscal 1997, a simulation software for a model process has been developed. Fiscal 1998 strengthened the data base for environment preservation technology information, investigated environment preserving model companies and summarized them including even their management aspect. Investigations were carried out in developing countries on application of cleaner technologies. Gaps far exceeding anticipation exist in every field between these developing countries and Japan. Environment protection measures applied and succeeded in the developing countries as the means to narrow the gaps were collected, and compiled as the specific examples. (NEDO)

  17. A saúde na escola: um breve resgate histórico Health at school: a brief history

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Túlio Alberto Martins de Figueiredo

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Discute o nascimento histórico da saúde escolar no mundo e no Brasil. Apresenta a Iniciativa Regional Escolas Promotoras de Saúde - um discurso de múltiplos olhares e trabalho articulado entre a educação, saúde e sociedade -, como modelo alternativo de atenção à saúde na escola recomendado, pela Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde, para os países do Caribe e da América Latina. Considera que o olhar atento aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais é condição fundamental para que os profissionais de saúde sensíveis à questão da educação em saúde na escola contribuam para que a mesma compareça na educação fundamental com um enfoque crítico, interdisciplinar e transversal e, finalmente, apresenta as diretrizes da nova política nacional de saúde na escola pública.It involves the historical birth of school health in the world and Brazil. It shows a regional initiative of Health Promoting Schools - a discourse of multiple viewings and joint work among education, health and society -, as an alternative model of attention to school health, recommended by Pan American Health Organization, to the Caribbean and Latin American Countries. Finally, it takes into account that a detailed observation of the National Curriculum Parameters is an essential condition so that health professionals, who are sensitive to the school health education issue, can contribute to its inclusion in the fundamental education with a critical, interdisciplinary and transversal approach, presenting the guidelines of a new national health polices at public schools.

  18. O sistema público de saúde e as ações de reabilitação no Brasil The public health care system and rehabilitation actions in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Trevisan Martins Ribeiro

    2010-07-01

    ção, políticas de saúde, assistência médica, história. The English terms "rehabilitation" and "public health" were also used. Federal laws and Ministry of Health manuals available at the city of Rio de Janeiro Coordinating Office for Rehabilitation Programs, Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz library, and in BIREME database were also surveyed. RESULTS: Only a small number of publications were recovered (four books, three Health Ministry manuals, four articles published in Brazil, one master's thesis, and one doctoral dissertation. Nevertheless, analysis of these materials revealed that since many municipalities are still incapable of ensuring the right to universal and comprehensive health care, rehabilitation actions are often carried out in a precarious manner, unsupported by an adequate and comprehensive policy. On the other hand, there have been real improvements in terms of expanding care to the population with special needs. CONCLUSIONS: There still are factors hindering the achievement of optimal results in the care to people with special needs. The challenge of action planning must be undertaken especially by municipal governments to ensure an adequate supply of services and thus equity of access and comprehensive health care.

  19. Comment on “Synthesis of ceria (CeO{sub 2} and CeO{sub 2−x}) nanoparticles via decarbonation and Ce(III) oxidation of synthetic bastnaesite (CeCO{sub 3}F)” by Montes-Hernandez et al

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gysi, Alexander P., E-mail: agysi@mines.edu [Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1516 Illinois Street, Golden, CO, 80401 (United States); Williams-Jones, Anthony E. [Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2A7 (Canada)

    2016-11-01

    Montes-Hernandez et al. [5] recently reported results of a study of the decarbonation of fine-grained synthetic bastnäsite-(Ce) precipitates involving the oxidation of Ce(III) to Ce(IV) and the formation of ceria (CeO{sub 2} and CeO{sub 2-x} with oxygen vacancies) nano-particles. The purpose of their study was to show that oxidation of Ce(III) to Ce(IV) occurs spontaneously during heating of bastnäsite-(Ce) in air, a vacuum, N{sub 2} or Ar gas. However, their interpretation of the formation of CeO{sub 2} is not supported by the findings of Gysi and Williams-Jones [3], who showed that natural bastnäsite-(Ce) decomposes to form rare earth element (REE) oxyfluorides (REEOF). The latter was documented using differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) experiments under a deoxygenated N{sub 2} atmosphere. In their experiments, Gysi and Williams-Jones [3] found no evidence for the oxidation of Ce(III) to Ce(IV). This raises the question of whether the experiments of Montes-Hernandez et al. [5] in a N{sub 2} atmosphere (and by extension in an Ar atmosphere) were compromised because of contamination by O{sub 2} and that, as a result, they reached the erroneous conclusion that Ce(III) oxidizes spontaneously to Ce(IV) during heating of bastnäsite-(Ce) under these conditions. In order to explain the disagreement between their findings and those of Gysi and Williams-Jones [3], Montes-Hernandez et al. [5], proposed that the X-ray diffraction data of the former study were incorrectly interpreted. Here, we provide further evidence that the natural bastnäsite-(Ce) employed in the study by Gysi and Williams-Jones [3] decomposed to form REE oxyfluorides (i.e., CeOF, LaOF, PrOF and NdOF) and not CeO{sub 2}, and supply explanations for why Montes-Hernandez et al. [5] erroneously concluded that CeO{sub 2} is produced during decomposition of this mineral under N{sub 2} and Ar atmospheres. In so doing, we hope to provide new insights into the decomposition of

  20. Magnetic and electronic properties in CeTSi3 and CeTGe3 (T: transition metal)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shimoda, T.; Okuda, Y.; Takeda, Y.; Ida, Y.; Miyauchi, Y.; Kawai, T.; Fujie, T.; Sugitani, I.; Thamizhavel, A.; Matsuda, T.D.; Haga, Y.; Takeuchi, T.; Nakashima, M.; Settai, R.; Onuki, Y.

    2007-01-01

    We investigated the magnetic properties of CeTSi 3 (T: Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Pd and Pt) and CeTGe 3 (T: Co, Rh and Ir) by measuring their electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility. CeRuSi 3 , CeOsSi 3 and CeCoSi 3 do not order magnetically, with a large Kondo temperature of about 200K. The other compounds order antiferromagnetically, and are very similar to each other in their magnetic and electronic properties, which is related to a large crystalline electric field (CEF) splitting energy of the 4f electron, about 500K in CeIrSi 3