Cosmology of the Solar System
The early solar system accreted from ice crystals, which encapsulated the refractory elements. Ice was needed to bind the smallest particles, so accretion only occurred in the outer solar system. Solar wind gusts expelled dust in the inner solar system to where it became accreted into the giant planets. Thus, the original solar system comprised four giant planets, accreted from ice and dust. Their initial accretion was rapid, forming rocky iron cores from the refractory elements. But due to their great orbital radii, the entire process required more than 50 million years, so the bulk of the process was cold. Studies of young Sun-like stars show that hydrogen gas is expelled from the nebula before the accretion had hardly begun. As a result these are all solid bodies and not gas giants. The recognition that Jupiter is solid was masked by a high energy impact which occurred 6,000 years BP. The hot gases still streaming from the impact crater heat the atmosphere, forming the GRS, while the planet remains frozen. The temperature excesses, thought to be primordial, are an important factor in the gas giant assumption. Scientists have come close to recognizing the true nature of these bodies in recent years, due to the study of clathrates beneath the our oceans. These strong, low density structures of water molecules form naturally at low temperature and high pressure, exactly the conditions in the large bodies of the outer solar system. Their properties are responsible for the low average density of the giant planets. Clathrates encapsulate foreign molecules, such as methane. One expert has proposed that clathrates are the most abundant form of matter in the outer solar system - the Galilean moons, Pluto, Charon and the KBOs. However, until now, no one has suggested that the giant planets themselves are so composed, moreover that these bodies alone comprised the original solar system. The terrestrial planets result from later, high energy impacts on the giant planets. Fortunately, the birth of a new terrestrial planet, Venus, occurred within proto-history and the entire process is documented in ancient writings. It formed as a result of the impact on Jupiter cited above, expelling a plasma cloud several times the mass of Venus and thousands of times the volume of Jupiter. Most escaped Jupiter and entered an eccentric planetary orbit, while contracting to a star-like proto-Venus, with a temperature above 10,000K. Its perihelion, close to the ancient interior orbit of Mars, and its aphelion, at the orbit of Jupiter, gave it a period of some five years. But its great orbital energy was rapidly reduced, due to repeated interactions with Mars and the Sun at perihelion. The tidal force of the Sun and its magnetic field combined to heat the ionized, fluid body, slowing its orbital velocity. Each pass reheated it, further reducing its aphelion and increasing the frequency of interactions. Its repeated heating caused the out-gassing of most lighter elements to space by Jeans escape. Thus the loss of orbital energy resulted in the increasing of its average density from 1.3 gm/cm3, the density of Jupiter, to over 5.5 g/cm3, the density of Venus. This is how all terrestrial planets were formed. This catastrophic birth ensures the concentration of iron in the core, the rising of hot radioactive elements Th, Ur, K, and the less dense materials to the surface. Although the volatiles, H2, C, N, O2, which comprised the vast majority of the rebounded cloud, were initially lost, they remained in the inner solar system, to be captured later by the proto-planet as it cooled or by extant planets, thereby rapidly providing the elements necessary for life.
