International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... odd nuclei organic compounds radiation effects radioisotopes synthesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... compounds plants radiation effects radioisotopes reaction kinetics trees

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The thermal radiation which generated from the patterned Ta/Pt/Ta thin heater achieved a high temperature up to 1010 {sup o}C under applied current of 2.4 A. In order to reduce an electromigration at high current of 2 A, a Ta capping layer was placed on the Pt layer instead of conventional capping layer, such as SiNx and CoWP. Under the thermal radiation at the applied current of 2 A in the Ta/Pt/Ta thin heater, the Ta capping layer enhanced the lifetime of the Pt thin heater up to 5 h. A stamping process for the crystallization of a-Si was performed for 40 samples using the Ta/Pt/Ta thin heater. For all samples, a-Si has been selectively crystallized and Raman peaks were located near 519 cm{sup -} {sup 1}. These results indicated that the thermal radiation of the Ta/Pt/Ta thin heater was maintained ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The survey of radiation protection programmes for transport has been jointly performed by three scientific organisations I.P.S.N. (France), G.R.S. ( Germany), and N.R.P.B. (United kingdom) on behalf of the European Commission and the pertaining documentation summarises the findings and conclusions of the work that was undertaken with the principal objectives to provide guidance on the establishment, implementation and application of radiation protection programmes for the transport of radioactive materials by operators and the assessment and evaluation of such programmes by the competent authority and to review currently existing radiation protection programmes for the transport of radioactive materials. (N.C.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ultra-low pure Pt-based electrodes (0.04-0.12 mg_P_t/cm"2) were prepared by dual ion-beam assisted deposition (dual IBAD) method on the surface of a non-catalyzed gas diffusion layer (GDL) substrate. Film thicknesses ranged between 250 and 750 A, these are compared with a control, a conventional Pt/C (1.0 mg_P_t_(_M_E_A_)/cm"2, E-TEK). The IBAD electrode constituted a significantly different morphology, where low density Pt deposits (largely amorphous) were formed with varying depths of penetration into the gas diffusion layer, exhibiting a gradual change towards increasing crystalline character (from 250 to 750 A). Mass specific power density of 0.297 g_P_t/kW is reported with 250 A IBAD deposit (0.04 mg_P_t/cm"2 for a total MEA loading of 0.08 mg_P_t/cm"2) at 0.65 V. This is contrasted with the commercial MEA with a loading of 1 mg_P_t_(_M_E_A_)/cm"2 where mass specific power density obtained was 1.18 g_P_t/kW (at 0.65 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Characteristics of the Ukrainian NSA NRI radiation facility for scientific researches and developments of industrial radiation technology are performed. Parts of the facility, design peculiarities of technical tools are described. Biological protection of the facility and radiation protection system, transport line, systems of technical provision and radiation measurements are discussed

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The radiative transport problem is cast in integral form using a transport kernel. The transport kernel has an explicit representation in terms of a Feynman Path Integral over all paths between selected points in a volume. This representation is setup in detail. Numerical evaluation of this Path Integral is formulated with a Frenet-Serret based procedure for generating valid random paths, and with a numerical evaluation of the weight for each valid path. Very early sanity checks of a numerical implementation are reported. Approaches to optimization are identified. (authors)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study of the influence of the concentration of secondary addition, high concentrations of primary dopant, diffusion enhancer and stabilizer on radiation hardness is presented. It is concluded that the diffusion enhancing technique is the most powerful method for improving radiation hardness. A new polystyrene scintillator which contains 2% pT, 0.02% POPOP, 20% diffusion enhancer and 0.02% stabilizer gave 91% of initial light output immediately after 3 Mrad irradiation in air. Data are presented that show that scintillator prepared from commercial polymer is more radiation-hard and has greater light output than scintillator prepared from monomer. It is assumed that this difference is due to different molecular weight distributions. Some protocols for acceleration of aging (yellowing and crazing) are presented. It is shown that one of the main reasons for aging of plastic scintillators is residual ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The in situ assembly states of the glucose transport carrier protein in the plasma membrane and in the intracellular (microsomal) storage pool of rat adipocytes were assessed by studying radiation-induced inactivation of the D-glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding activities. High energy radiation inactivated the glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding of each of these membrane preparations by reducing the total number of the binding sites without affecting the dissociation constant. The reduction in total number of binding sites was analyzed as a function of radiation dose based on target theory, from which a radiation-sensitive mass (target size) was calculated. When the plasma membranes of insulin-treated adipocytes were used, a target size of approximately 58,000 daltons was obtained. For adipocyte microsomal membranes, we obtained target sizes of approximately 112,000 and ...

CERN Document Server

If B is a compact space and B\\{pt} is Lindelof then B^k\\{pt} is star-Linedlof for every cardinality k. If B\\{pt} is compact then B^k\\{pt} is discretely star-Lindelof. In particular, this gives new examples of Tychonoff discretely star-Lindelof spaces with unlimited extent.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The platinum-silicide layer was investigated as the anode contact of a high-power P-i-N diode. The thermal stability at 700 deg. C was found sufficient for the purpose of Pt in-diffusion from the platinum-silicide layer into the volume. The diffusion, which was controlled using the radiation defects resulting from the 10 MeV alpha particle irradiation, represents a new local lifetime control in the float zone silicon with very low-leakage current, while keeping the benefits of traditional approaches.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We investigated the effect of irradiation on the kinetic characteristics of amino acid and glucose transport, and the effect on the activity of the cell membrane-bound enzyme 5'-nucleotidase and on the receptor-mediated stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate synthesis by prostaglandin E1. Irradiation inhibited the sodium-dependent amino acid transport by a reduced binding of the amino acid to the transport unit. The transport of glucose, which appeared to be a sodium-independent process, was temporarily stimulated by increased maximal velocity of the transport. No effect was found on the binding to the transport unit. Irradiation increased the 5'-nucleotidase activity and decreased the prostaglandin E1-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate synthesis 48 h after exposure to 20 Gy. It is concluded that irradiation decreases ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Numerical errors of PALLAS calculation due to spatial mesh sizes are examined for a typical deep penetration shielding problem of isotropic incident fission neutrons penetrating a 200-cm-thick water slab. The exponential approximation for the source spatial distribution to solve the transport equation based on the direct integration method is verified to be effective for radiation transport in attenuating medium, while the linear approximation employed in the old PALLAS code is found to produce large errors for calculations with large mesh sizes.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nuclear Hartree-Fock (HF) + BCS calculations have led to predictions of shape isomerism in isotopes of Pt, Hg and Os nuclei. These have been confirmed through the observation of superdeformed rotational bands in {sup 190,{hor ellipsis},194}Hg. Encouraged by these measurements and similar observations in {sup 194}Pb, we have extended these calculations to a wide range of contiguous nuclei. These HF results, for {sup 192,194}Pt, {sup 190,{hor ellipsis},198}Hg and {sup 194}Pb, have been employed in a Generator Coordinate Method (GCM) calculation utilizing the quadrupole deformation as the generating variable. The resulting spectra confirm the conclusions drawn from the HF results and agree with those experiments which have been performed. Adding a phenomenological assumption for the moments of inertia of our GCM states, we can construct the radiative transitions within and out of the superdeformed band. The results are in good ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Background: the authors report on the conception and first clinical application of a donut-shaped high-dose configuration for proton therapy (PT). This approach allows one to intensify target volume dose coverage for targets encompassing a critical, dose-limiting structure - like here, the cauda equina -, whilst delivering minimal dose to other healthy structures surrounding the target, thereby reducing the integral dose. Methods and results: intensity-modulated PT methods (IMPT) for spot scanning were applied to create and deliver a donut-shaped high-dose configuration with protons, allowing treating > 75% of the target with at least 95% of the prescribed dose of 72.8 CGE, whilst restricting dose to the cauda equina to 60-65 CGE. Integral dose was lower by a factor of 3.3 as compared to intensity-modulated radiotherapy with photons (IMXT). Conclusion: IMPT and spot scanning technology allow a potentially clinically useful approach which is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The availability of dimeric Pt(I) complexes with bridging bis(diphenylphosphino)methane ligands, (L--L')/sup n+/, presents an opportunity to study the physical properties and reactivity of metal-metal bonds as a function of the ligand trans to it with a minimum of competing variables. Several interesting trends of Pt-P coupling constants with the Pt-L and Pt-Pt bond lengths in Pt(I) dimers, (L--L')/sup n+/, and structurally related Pt(II) complexes are reported here. The data indicate that the Pt-P coupling constants continue to be sensitive indicators of not only the structure and stereochemistry of platinum phosphine complexes but also the electronic and steric influences of the ligand in such complexes, 23 references, 1 figure, 4 tables.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An energy transfer and conversion model for high-temperature solar cavity receivers has been developed using the transport behaviour of solar radiation as described by the spectral radiative exchange factors. A Monte-Carlo ray-tracing method coupled with optical properties was adopted, to predict radiation characteristics of the solar collector system by calculating radiative exchange factors. A cavity receiver with a plano-convexo quartz window was proposed, based upon the directional characteristics of the focal flux and the redistribution effect of the quartz window. Parametric studies on the windowed receiver provided a more uniform flux distribution, higher efficiency and lower loss than the windowless receivers. The predicted results serve as a design reference for the solar receiver...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A sensitive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was fabricated based on graphene-Pt (GN-Pt) nanocomposite. The GN-Pt was synthesized by photochemical reduction of K2PtCl4 on GNs, and characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Electrochemical investigations indicated that the GN-Pt exhibited a high peak current and low overpotential towards the reduction of H2O2. The GN-Pt modified glass carbon electrode displayed a wide linear range (2-710mM), low limit of detection (0.5mM) and good selectivity for detection of H2O2 with a much higher sensitivity than that of Pt nanoparticles or graphene modified electrode.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) preparations containing stacked monolayers of phospholipids or stearic acid were irradiated with UV light and the electric conductance perpendicular to the planes of the monolayers was measured. There was no observable change of conductance when LB preparations of stearic acid were irradiated. For LB preparations of phospholipids, a rise of conductance, dependent on dose rate, was observed, reaching an equilibrium level after a few hours. After irradiation the conductance fell with a temperature-dependent time constant, and eventually reached a final level a little above the initial value. A three-state model is proposed for the LB phospholipid preparations. This suggests that the absorption of one photon raises a molecule from the ground to an excited state; and the absorption of a second photon carries it into a damaged but repairable or metastable state. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: The principal nuclear design tools available to the shielding designer include diffusion approximation, transport theory, and Monte Carlo techniques. Full transport theory or Monte Carlo methods are routinely used for shielding analyses, where penetration investigations are more sensitive to directional aspects. However, the aim of this paper is to illustrate the coupled neutron-gamma Albedo method particularly as applied to problems of shielding analysis. The multigroup Albedo method is applied to coupled neutron-gamma radiations considering 'n' neutron energy groups and 'g' gamma energy groups to estimate the probabilities of transmission through, absorption in, and reflection from shieldings composed by multiple material layers, 'm' slabs, in which no fission occurs. In this study, these energy groups were selected in order to minimize upscattering effects of the radiation from lower ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper presents the objective, scope, and status of the U.S. Department of Energy's Materials and Structures Program to develop a data base on mechanical properties of structural materials for out-of-core structures and components for LMFBRs. Information on the development of a reference data base on materials for the reactor system, reactor enclosure system, primary heat transport system, intermediate heat transport system, and steam generator system is included. In addition, the development of the data and analyses to account for the effects of temperature and stress, as well as water/steam, sodium, and radiation environments, is described. Plans for the development of alternative materials for future out-of-core applications are presented. (author).

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tarapur Atomic Power Station unit-4 is first 540 MWe pressurized heavy water reactor. Heavy water is used as the coolant and moderator. With reactor operation tritium is formed by absorption of neutron by Deuterium atoms. Experience in the 220 MWe indicates that tritium is main contributor to the internal dose of radiation workers. Study on Tritium build up in Primary Heat Transport (PHT) and Moderator (MOD) system was carried out at the initial stage of the operation of the unit-3 and 4. This paper brings out tritium activity buildup in the PHT and MOD systems and its comparison with 220 MWe reactors. This paper helps in estimation of the internal dose contribution to the radiation workers at TAPS 3 and 4. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

ABSTRACT We address the problem of angular momentum transport in stellar radiative interiors with a novel semi-analytic spectral technique, using an eigenfunction series expansion, that can be used to derive benchmark solutions in hydromagnetic regimes with very high Reynolds number (107-108). The error arising from the truncation of the series is evaluated analytically. The main simplifying assumptions are the neglect of meridional circulation and of non-axisymmetric magnetic fields. The advantages of our approach are shown by applying it to a spin-down model for a Formula Not Shown main-sequence star. The evolution of the coupling between core and envelope is investigated for different values of the viscosity and different geometries and values of the poloidal field. We confirm that a vi...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The NRL Long Pulse Induction Linac is being employed in a Free Electron Laser (FEL) experiment. The authors present results of beam transport and focusing experiments as well as measurements of the output radiation generated by various magnetic wigglers. The electron gun of the accelerator presently has a 17-cmdiam. cold cathode which is located in a nearly zero magnetic field (B /SUB z/ less than or equal to 5 G). The gun voltage is flat to within approx. = + or - 5% for 1.5 #mu#sec with this graphite brush cathode. The beam is focused by a series of solenoidal coils as it propagates through the 4-m-long accelerator."2 A solenoidal field which can be varied from 1-10 kG confines the beam in the FEL interaction region. Previous experiments were limited by poor beam transport, focusing, and matching into the relatively large solenoidal field in the FEL region. By smoothing the axial magnetic field profile in the accelerator ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The radiation reduction of bis(1-ethylimidazole)tartratoplatinum(II) (EITPt(II)) complexes in methanol-water solution have been examined. The yields of Pt(I) depend on the presence of O{sub 2} in solutions as well as the dose applied. The rate constants of e{sub s}{sup -} scavenging by EITPt(II) and cis(diammine-1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato) platinum(II) (CBDCAPt(II)) have been determined by pulse radiolysis to be equal to 5.4 x 10{sup 9} and 6.4 x 10{sup 9} M{sup -1} s{sup -1}, respectively. The efficiencies of e{sub t}{sup -} scavenging by EITPt(II) and the rate of e{sub t}{sup -} photobleaching have also been determined in LiCl : H{sub 2}O : CH{sub 3}OH and MgCl{sub 2} : H{sub 2}O : CH{sub 3}OH glasses, respectively. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The description and results of the study on the free-electron laser (FEL) on 100 #mu#m, representing the first line of the FIAN multipurpose radiation complex, are presented. The electron beam with the energy of 6-8 MeV, once accelerated in a racetrack microtron and extracted into the FEL injection tract, is used for exciting this FEL. The system of the electron beam transport, injection and diagnostics are described. Additional works on increasing the beam emittance up to 0.4 A for one energy spread percent are carried out. The obtained electron beam parameters assure generation of the far infrared radiation in the FEL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fe_5_0Pt_5_0 nanodots dispersed in a SiO_2 film (Fe_5_0Pt_5_0 nanodot film) were formed by a self-assembled nanodot deposition (SAND) method in which Fe_5_0Pt_5_0 and SiO_2 are cosputtered in a high vacuum rf magnetron sputtering equipment. Fe_5_0Pt_5_0 pellets are laid on a SiO_2 target in a sputtering chamber to form the Fe_5_0Pt_5_0 nanodot film in the SAND method. The size and density of Fe_5_0Pt_5_0 nanodot were controlled by changing the ratio of the total area of Fe_5_0Pt_5_0 pellets to that of SiO_2 target. The Fe_5_0Pt_5_0 nanodot size decreases and its density increases when the ratio decreases. As-deposited Fe_5_0Pt_5_0 nanodots self-assembled to a face-centered-cubic phase of single-crystal structure. The Fe_5_0Pt_5_0 nanodot films were annealed to evaluate the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

SKB is currently performing site investigations at two potential sites for a final repository for spent nuclear fuel. This report presents results of water flow and solute transport modelling of the Forsmark site. The modelling reported in this document focused on the near-surface groundwater, i.e. groundwater in Quaternary deposits and shallow rock, and surface water systems, and was performed using the MIKE SHE tool. The most recent site data used in the modelling were delivered in the Forsmark 2.3 dataset, which had its 'data freeze' on March 31, 2007. The present modelling is performed in support of the final version of the Forsmark site description that is produced during the site investigation phase. In this work, the hydrological modelling system MIKE SHE has been used to describe near-surface groundwater flow and the contact between groundwater and surface water at the Forsmark site. The surface water system at Forsmark is described with ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A method for the analysis of three-component mixtures is described. The method is used for contact-free determination of component concentration in the mixtures transported via a product duct. Formulae as an aid in choosing the gamma radiation source and estimating the efficiency of measurement are given. The errors of measurement by the method of formaline-water-carbamide mixture is 1-2 %. 9 refs.; 1 fig.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A multi-group neutron-gamma cross-section library in DTF-IV format is supplemented with electron production matrix to generate a coupled neutron-gamma-electron library. This is realized by estimating the contributions from Compton scattering, pair production and photoelectric effect to the electron production cross-sections. A novel application of this new library, which involves transport of neutrons, gammas and electrons, for estimating the Compton current due to a pulse of radiation in air is discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This critical review with 28 references examines absorption and emission in the v2 band of the carbon dioxide molecule at around the 15micron wavelength. The argument for additional infrared absorption, the enhanced greenhouse effect due to increased carbon dioxide concentrations, and radiation transport and increased emissions are discussed. Experiments studying the transmission spectra of pure carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide in nitrogen, and comparing them with the results of climate modelling using the HITRAN and GEISA databases, are described.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A variety of platinum(II) complexes of methimazole (2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole; HImS=neutral form and ImS=thiolate form), coordinated in both thione and thiolate forms, have been isolated by reacting methimazole with [PtCl(terpy)]Cl (terpy=2,2prime:6prime,2Prime terpyridine), [PtCl2(bipy)] (bipy=bipyridine), [PtCl2(o-phen)] (o-phen=o-phenanthroline), [PtCl2(CH3CN)2] and [PtCl2(COD)] (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene). These complexes were characterized by electronic absorption, IR and NMR (1H, 13C, 195Pt) spectroscopies. Molecular structure of [Pt(bipy)(HImS)2]Cl23H2O (3a3H2O) has been established by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Platinum thiolate complex, [Pt(ImS)2(HImS)2] (5), could be obtained by treatment of [Pt(HImS)4]Cl2 with sodium methoxide in methanol. The solution of 5 in organic...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The physics of density limit phenomena in toroidal helical plasmas based on an analytic point model of toroidal plasmas is discussed. The combined mechanism of the transport and radiation loss of energy is analyzed, and the achievable density is derived. A scaling law of the density limit is discussed. The dependence of the critical density on the heating power, magnetic field, plasma size and safety factor in the case of L-mode energy confinement is explained. The dynamic evolution of the plasma energy and radiation loss is discussed. Assuming a simple model of density evolution, of a sudden loss of density if the temperature becomes lower than critical value, then a limit cycle oscillation is shown to occur. A condition that divides the limit cycle oscillation and the complete radiation collapse is discussed. This model seems to explain the density limit oscillation that has been observed on the W7-AS ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

While it is quite obvious that photons have an essential role in photochemical and photocatalytic processes, it is not simple to analyse the radiation process. A simple approach is presented on the assumption that photons can be treated as immaterial reactants. It is then possible to evaluate the radiation process in terms of parameters such as conversion, selectivity and yield, which are common in the conventional reaction engineering, and of an additional parameter, a volume efficiency factor, which accounts for the exploitation of the reaction volume as the result of the inevitable attenuation of the radiation in the transport through the participating medium. Attention has also been focused on the validation of kinetic data when, as it is usually done, they are interpreted in terms of volume averages. Finally, guidelines have been prepared to support preliminary phases of analysis and/or design of a ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Graphical abstract: - Abstract: Low loading platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co) cathode catalyst on a Nafion(Na+)-bonded carbon layer is fabricated by using galvanostatic pulse technique to show the advantage of electrodeposition for high utilization of catalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). We observed that Pt-Co catalysts evenly exist on the surface of carbon electrode and its thickness is about 5.8 ?m, which is four times thinner than conventional Pt/C. Improved single cell power performance of Pt-Co cathode catalysts with a ratio of 3.2:1 compared with Pt/C is clearly presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There are two versions of the MORSE multigroup Monte Carlo radiation transport computer code system at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. MORSE-CGA is the most well-known and has undergone extensive use for many years. MORSE-SGC was originally developed in about 1980 in order to restructure the cross-section handling and thereby save storage. However, with the advent of new computer systems having much larger storage capacity, that aspect of SGC has become unnecessary. Both versions use data from multigroup cross-section libraries, although in somewhat different formats. MORSE-SGC is the version of MORSE that is part of the SCALE system, but it can also be run stand-alone. Both CGA and SGC use the Multiple Array System (MARS) geometry package. In the last six months the main focus of the work on these two versions has been on making them operational on workstations, in particular, the IBM RISC 6000 family. A new version of SCALE for workstations is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: Reconstruction of radiation doses for the thoracoabdominal babygram and the abdomen X-ray from radiographic settings and exposure data acquired at Dr. von Hauner's Kinderspital (children's hospital of the University of Munich, DvHK) between 1976 and 2007; comparison of these dose values with values reported in the literature; recommendation of a reference dose value for the thoracoabdominal babygram. Materials and Methods: The data from all X-ray examinations performed since 1976 at DvHK were stored electronically in a database. After 30 years of data collection, the database now includes 305 107 radiological examinations (radiographs and fluoroscopies), especially 1493 thoracoabdominal babygrams and 3632 abdomen X-rays of newborns and young infants. With the computer program PAeDOS, a specific dose reconstruction algorithm was developed. Results: the entrance dose values of thoracoabdominal babygrams and abdomen X-rays in DvHK could be reduced in the last ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

... analyzer section for angle resolved measurements, and a thin film evaporator with a quartz crystal microbalance to measure the mass deposition. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ray tracing Monte Carlo calculations have been carried out using an existing Monte Carlo radiation transport code to obtain estimates of the microsave power exiting the torus coupling links in EPT microwave manifolds. The microwave power loss and polarization at surface reflections were accounted for by treating the microwaves as plane waves reflecting off plane surfaces. Agreement on the order of 10% was obtained between the measured and calculated output power distribution for an existing EBT-S toroidal manifold. A cost effective iterative procedure utilizing the Monte Carlo history data was implemented to predict design changes which could produce increased manifold efficiency and improved output power uniformity.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were labelled with a concanavalin A-luminol-bovine serum albumin conjugate specific for the transmembrane anion transport protein (Band 3) and exposed to 2450-MHz continuous-wave microwave radiation at an average specific absorption rate of 91W/kg for 10 min. The temperature was held constant at 25, 37, 40, 42, or 45C with an airflow heat-exchange system. Following exposure to microwave or air heating, the decrease in residual base-activated chemiluminescence (CL) of the SRBCs was measured as an indication of infield oxidase activity. Air heating resulted in a significant decrease in residual CL at temperatures above 37C (74% decrease at 45C). Microwave radiation inhibited the decline in residual CL above 37C. At 45C the inhibition was 40%. The results suggest microwave radiation either reversibly altered the thermodynamics of oxygen binding to haemoglobin or failed to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In response to a heat shock, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes a large increase in its resistance to heat and, by the induction of its recombinational DNA repair capacity, a corresponding increase in resistance to radiation. Yeast which lack mitochondrial DNA, mitochondria-controlled protein synthetic apparatus, aerobic respiration, and electron transport (rho/sup 0/ strain) were used to assess the role of O/sub 2/, mitochondria, and oxidative processes controlled by mitochondria in the induction of these resistances. We have found that rho/sup 0/ yeast grown and heat shocked in either the presence or absence of O/sub 2/ are capable of developing both radiation and heat resistance. We conclude that neither the stress signal nor its cellular consequences of induced heat and radiation resistance are directly dependent on O/sub 2/, mitochondrial DNA, or mitochondria-controlled protein synthetic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Most plans for the disposition of surplus nuclear materials involve storage in sealed containers where the evolution of gases from reactions of adsorbed water could present both pressure and flammability hazards[l] . Despite efforts such as calcining the material to minimize the water content prior to packaging, both residual moisture and readsorbed water may be present in the final containers . Given the anticipated temperature excursions during transportation and storage, this water may thermally desorb, increasing the pressure, and/or thermally dissociate to produce H2 gas, increasing flammability hazards . In addition, the radiation from the nuclear material may induce radiolysis of the water with the likely products being water vapor, H2, 02 and H2O2. In order to better understand the relative importance of the thermal- and radiationinduced chemistry, we have studied the interactions of water on single crystals of uranium dioxide .

CERN Document Server

Radiation protection of the personnel who will perform interventions in the LHC Beam Cleaning Insertions is mandatory and includes the design of equipment and the establishment of work procedures. Residual dose rates due to activated equipment are expected to reach significant values such that any maintenance has to be planned and optimized in advance. Three-dimensional maps of dose equivalent rates at different cooling times after operation of the LHC have been calculated with FLUKA. The simulations are based on an explicit calculation of induced radioactivity and of the transport of the radiation from the radioactive decay. The paper summarizes the results for the Beam Cleaning Insertions and discusses the estimation of individual and collective doses received by personnel during critical interventions, such as the exchange of a collimator or the installation of Phase 2. The given examples outline the potential and the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A series of dinuclear platinum(II) complexes, [(dien)Pt(NH{sub 2}(CH{sub 2}){sub n}NH{sub 2})Pt(dien)]Cl{sub 4} (dien = diethylenetriamine, n = 8, 9, 10, and 12) and their corresponding [2]rotaxanes with {alpha}-cyclodextrin ({alpha}-CD), [(dien)Pt{l_brace}NH{sub 2}(CH{sub 2}){sub n}NH{sub 2}{center_dot}{alpha}-CD{r_brace}Pt(dien)]Cl{sub 4}, have been synthesized and characterized by {sup 1}H, {sup 13}C, and {sup 195}Pt NMR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry. The rotaxanes were prepared by reacting the {l_brace}NH{sub 2}(CH{sub 2}){sub n}NH{sub 2}{center_dot}{alpha}-CD{r_brace} pseudorotaxanes with [Pt(dien)]Cl, to stopper the included linear {alpha},{omega}-diaminoalkane chains with the inert Pt(II) end groups. The kinetics of the self-assembly and dissociation of the {beta}-CD rotaxane, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The leakage current behaviors of PLZT capacitors with top electrodes of Pt, Ir, and IrO{sub 2} are investigated before and after hydrogen forming gas anneal. The P-E hysteresis and fatigue properties of Pt/PLZT/Pt capacitors are almost recovered after recovery anneal in O{sub 2} ambient. The leakage current mechanisms of PLZT capacitors with Pt and IrO{sub 2} top electrodes are consistent with space-charge influenced injection model showing the strong time dependence irrespective of annealing conditions. On the other hand, the leakage current behavior of Ir/PLZT/Pt capacitor shows steady state independent of time because IrPb, conducting phase, formed at interface between Ir top and PLZT is a high conduction path. Teh leakage current mechanism of Ir/PLZT/Pt capacitor is consistent with Schottky barrier model. (author). 15 refs., 6 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For over 50 years, electron beams have been an important modality for providing an accurate dose of radiation to superficial cancers and disease and for limiting the dose to underlying normal tissues and structures. This review looks at many of the important contributions of physics and dosimetry to the development and utilization of electron beam therapy, including electron treatment machines, dose specification and calibration, dose measurement, electron transport calculations, treatment and treatment-planning tools, and clinical utilization, including special procedures. Also, future changes in the practice of electron therapy resulting from challenges to its utilization and from potential future technology are discussed. (review)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The document represents a guide for the external decontamination of persons accidentally radio contaminated due to the use, production or transport of radioactive materials. The general conditions, from the medical point of view, to be kept in mind, in the event of accidental overexposures as decontamination treatment and the handling of samples are detailed throughout report. The external contamination without injury in skin or with wound its considered. The distribution of measures and responsibilities for the therapy of the irradiated patients with radioactive materials are enumerated. The preparations of decontaminate solutions are detailed in this work. Moreover, forms for the reception, physical evaluation of the patient and external contamination are presented. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Addition of the silane PPh[sub 2]CH[sub 2]CH[sub 2]SiMe[sub 2]H (chelH, 1a) to Pt(COD)[sub 2] (COD = cycloocta-1,5-diene) affords in high yield the cis-bis chelate Pt(chel)[sub 2] (2); formation of the same product from Pt(COD)(X)Y (X = Y = Me; X = Me, Y = Cl) has been shown by NMR spectroscopy ([sup 1]H, [sup 31]P, [sup 195]Pt) to proceed via prior coordination of chelH through P to afford Pt(chelH)[sub 2](X)(Y) (cis and trans isomers) and through intermediacy of PtH(chel)[sub 2]Cl (22) in which P trans to Si at Pt(IV) leads to an exceptionally low [sup 2]J(Pt-P) = 1084 Hz. Cleavage of Pt-Si bonds in 2 by HCl can be controlled to give the monochelate species Pt(chel)(chelH)Cl (7), from which chelH is displaced by PMe[sub 2]Ph, or trans-PtH(PPh[sub 2]CH[sub ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: Reconstruction of organ doses of selected organs and tissues from radiographic settings and exposure data collected during chest X-ray examinations of children of various age groups performed in Dr. von Hauner's Kinderspital (children's hospital of the University of Munich, DvHK) between 1976 and 2007. Materials and Method: The dosimetric data of all X-ray examinations performed since 1976 at DvHK were stored electronically in a database. After 30 years of data collection, the database now includes 305 107 radiological examinations (radiographs and fluoroscopies), especially 119 150 chest radiographs of all age groups. Reconstruction of organ doses in 40 organs and tissues in X-ray examinations of the chest was performed based on the conversion factor concept. Results: The radiation exposure of organs in projection radiography is determined by the exact site of the organs relative to the edges of the X-ray field and the beam direction of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shielding calculations for neutron-gamma radiation are usually done by using the full Theory of Transport or the Monte Carlo Techniques. After some works based on the Albedo Method, the shielding calculations for neutron-gamma radiation have a reliable tool with great didactical value which shows its clarity and simplicity for the resolution of cases that involve neutrons and photon shielding in nonmultiplying media. The excellent results of these works have motivated the elaboration and the development of this study that will be presented in this dissertation. The balance of a neutronic current entering a shield of two layers considering the coupling neutron-gamma will be determined by the Albedo Method. The shield will be composed of a layer of iron and another one of manganese with 10 cm of thickness each. The arrays of the materials coefficients will be obtained from the ANISN code. ANISN is a one dimensional ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radioactive waste is generally classified on the basis of how much radiation and the type of radiation it emits as well as the length of time over which it will continue to emit radiation. Many activities dealing with radioactive materials produce nuclear wastes, including civilian nuclear power programs (nuclear Power plant operations and nuclear fuel-cycle activities), defense nuclear programs (nuclear weapons production, naval nuclear reactor programs, and related R and D), and industrial and institutional activities (scientific research, medical operations, and other industrial uses of Radioisotopic sources or Radio chemicals). To minimize the potential adverse health and environment impacts to people and other systems including of animals, plant and etc, during the entire lifetime of the radionuclides involved, nuclear waste must be carefully and properly managed. The scope of nuclear - waste management encompasses ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Contrary to previous plans for the preparation of diagnostic systems for D-T break-even experiments in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR), it now appears that a limited Q#approx#1 demonstration can be carried out without constructing a close-fitting igloo radiation shield around the tokamak. In order to assess the impact of D-T operation of TFTR without an igloo shield, particularly with regard to hardening of diagonstic systems, we have mapped neutron and gamma fluxes inside the test cell and test cell basement, using a variety of radiation measurements. The measurements are sufficiently detailed to resolve massive hardware components, such as neutral beams and shielded diagnostic systems, and can be used to predict local fluxes. By comparing the measurements with transport code calculations for the case of a bare tokamak, we conclude that the models have substantially overestimated fluxes both inside and outside the ...

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The aim of this work was to study acute alterations of the enterohepatic recirculation (EHR) of bile acids 3 days after an 8-Gy radiation exposure in vivo in the rat by a washout technique. Using this technique in association with HPLC analysis, the EHR of the major individual bile acids was determined in control and irradiated animals. Ex vivo ileal taurocholate absorption was also studied in Ussing chambers. Major hepatic enzyme activities involved in bile acid synthesis were also measured. Measurements of bile acid intestinal content and intestinal absorption efficiency calculation from washout showed reduced intestinal absorption with significant differences from one bile acid to another: absorption of taurocholate and tauromuricholate was decreased, whereas absorption of the more hydrophobic taurochenodeoxycholate was increased, suggesting that intestinal passive diffusion was enhanced, whereas ileal active transport might be reduced. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

pT181 is a naturally-occurring 4437 basepair (bp) plasmid isolated from Staphylococcus aureus which encodes inducible resistance to tetracycline (Tc). The DNA sequence data has identified three open reading frames (ORFs). The largest ORF B, has been found to be responsible for the Tc resistance phenotype of pT181. Since most Tc resistance systems appear to be regulated by an effector protein and a repressor protein, several Bal 31 deletion mutants of pT181 were constructed and analyzed in an effort to identify the elements involved in Tc resistance. Two transcomplementing groups of mutants were identified within the tet gene. The mechanism of Tc resistance was studied by assaying the accumulation of (7-/sup 3/H) Tc by Tc sensitive cells, and uninduced and induced pT181-containing cells. A sharp decrease in accumulation of the drug after an initial increase was observed in Tc induced ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... coriolis force de-excitation excited states half-life iridium 187 multipolarity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report discusses: shape coexistence in {sup 184}Pt; nuclear structure of {sup 187}Ir; g-factors of excited states; OLNO-2; and refrigerator development.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of several Pt(II) complexes of quinoxaline-2,3-dithiolate (qdt) and 6,7-dimethylquinoxaline-2,3-dithiolate (dmqdt) are described. Specifically, (TBA){sub 2}[Pt(qdt){sub 2}], where TBA = tetra-n-butylammonium, Pt(COD)(qdt), where COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, and Pt(phen)(qdt), where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and their dmqdt analogs have been prepared and examined with respect to their photophysical properties. Highly structured emission from Pt(COD)(qdt) in frozen glass solution at 77 K has been detected, having a major vibrational progression of 1370 cm{sup {minus}1} corresponding to a C=C stretching frequency of the quinoxalinedithiolate backbone. Solution luminescence from (TBA){sub 2}[Pt(qdt){sub 2}] and Pt(phen)(qdt) has been detected with quantum yields, {Phi}{sub em}, of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report studies of bimetallic nanoparticles with 15%-16% atomic crystal parameters size mismatch. The degree of alloying was probed in a 2-nm Pt core (smallest attainable core size) of Pt-Ag nanoparticles (completely immiscible in bulk) and 20-nm-diameter Pd-Ag nanowires (completely miscible in bulk). Particles were synthesized radiolytically, and depending on the initial parameters, they assume spherical or cylindrical (nanowire) morphologies. In all cases, the metals are seen to follow their bulk alloying characteristics. Pt and Ag segregate in both spherical and wire forms, which indicates that strain due to crystallographic mismatch overcomes the excess surface free energy in the small particles. The Pd-Ag nanowires alloy similar to previously reported spherical Pd-Ag particles of similar diameter and composition.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The overall goal of the proposed project is to explore the use of partitioning tracers to characterize dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in aquifer systems. Bulk-phase partitioning tracers will be investigated to detect and determine DNAPL saturation, while interface partitioning tracers will be investigated to measure the area of the DNAPL-water interface. The specific objectives that will be addressed to accomplish this goal are: (1) Investigate the use of partitioning tracers to detect and determine both the saturation and interfacial area of DNAPLs in saturated porous media. (2) Investigate the effect of rate-limited mass transfer on the transport behavior of partitioning tracers. (3) Investigate the effect of porous-media heterogeneity on the transport behavior of partitioning tracers. (4) Develop and evaluate mathematical models capable of simulating the transport of partitioning tracers in complex systems. This ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new opportunity to improve the safety and efficiency of environmental restoration operations, using robotics has emerged from advances in industry, academia, and government labs. Self-Guided Vehicles (SGV`s) have recently been developed in industry and early systems have already demonstrated much, though not all, of the functionality necessary to support driverless transportation of waste within and between processing facilities. Improved materials databases are being developed by at least two DOE remediation sites, the Fernald Environmental Management Project (FEME) in the State of Ohio and the Hanford Complex in the State of Washington. SGV`s can be developed that take advantage of the information in these databases and yield improved dispatch, waste tracking, report and shipment documentation. In addition, they will reduce the radiation hazard to workers and the risk of damaging containers through accidental collision. In this document, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An embodiment of a mercury-free fluorescent lamp combines a low pressure rare gas discharges with a phosphor having a quantum efficiency grater than one. The choice of the rare gas depends on a number of factors, one of which is the resonance transition energy. Less demand is placed the quantum efficiency of the phosphor for a lower energy resonance photon. Xenon has the lowest energy resonance transition of the stable rare gases at 8.5 eV (147 nm) and thus is a good candidate to study. The usefulness of a xenon-based discharge depends on the radiant emittance of the discharge at the resonance wavelength of 147 nm. The radiant emittance from a low pressure xenon positive column discharge is measured using two independent techniques. The first relies on the measurement of the resonance level density using absorption techniques. The effective decay rate of the resonance level is calculated using radiation trapping theory. The product of this density and trapped decay ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The principal mathematical tools frequently available for calculations in Nuclear Engineering, including coupled neutron-gamma radiations shielding problems, involve the full Transport Theory or the Monte Carlo techniques. The Multigroup Albedo Method applied to shieldings is characterized by following the radiations through distinct layers of materials, allowing the determination of the neutron and gamma fractions reflected from, transmitted through and absorbed in the irradiated media when a neutronic stream hits the first layer of material, independently of flux calculations. Then, the method is a complementary tool of great didactic value due to its clarity and simplicity in solving neutron and/or gamma shielding problems. The outstanding results achieved in previous works motivated the elaboration and the development of this study that is presented in this dissertation. The radiation balance ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

KSC-1 (KAERI Shipping Cask-1) was designed and manufactured with a pure domestic technology in 1985 in order to transport a PWR spent fuel assembly from nuclear power plant to PIEF (Post-Irradiation Examination Facility) of KAERI. Since the first transportation of the fuel assembly from Kori-1 NPP was carried out by the cask in 1987, 19 shipments for the PWR spent fuels have been done successfully by now. Maximum discharge burnup of PWR in Korea has been extended from the late 1990s in order to reduce the cost of power generation. From this cause, allowable design values of the initial enrichment and the cooling time for the cask have been changed three times: year 2003, 2007 and 2010. Radiation shielding and criticality of KSC-1 were analyzed for all the PWR fuel type irradiated in Korea NPP to renew the design approval

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new small size gamma irradiator is being set up at Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Brazil, with a revolutionary design. The developed technology for this facility consists of continuous tote box transport system, comprising a single concrete vault, where the automated transport system of products inside and outside of the irradiator utilizes a rotating door, integrated with the shielding, avoiding the traditional maze configuration. Covering 76 m{sup 2} of floor area, the irradiator design is product overlap sources and the maximum capacity of Cobalt-60 wet sources is 37 PBq (1 MCi). The irradiator is being installed in a Governmental Institution and it will be used as a demonstration facility for manufacturers, who need an economic and logistic in-house irradiation system alternative. Also, it will be useful for supporting the local scientific community on development of products and process using gamma ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... organizations irradiation radiation doses radiation effects RADIATIONS.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... halogenation ionizing radiations kinetics radiations reaction kinetics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The possibilities and problems of PCA in phase separation are shown on Ni, Pd, and Pt silicides. The PCA depth profiles are less influenced by sputter and matrix effects than usual Auger depth profiles. The position of the silicide-Si interface is well defined by the component distribution crossover in PCA profiles. An interface component between Pd and Pt silicides and Si substrate is determined by PCA. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aqueous deoxyhemoglobin solutions (2 mg/ml) were gamma-irradiated by a "6"0Co source in the presence of methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol and t-butanol under N_2O or argon. The effects of the interaction of the particular alcohol radical species with hemoglobin were determined according to the detected spectral alterations in the visible range. The amounts of stable final products in the form of methemoglobin (MetHb) and the sum of hemichromes and cholehemichromes (Hemichr) were estimated in irradiated preparations. For preparations irradiated under N_2O, the radiation yield for MetHb formation was three-fold lower in the presence of ethanol and 1-butanol [G(MetHb) = 0.33[ compared with preparations irradiated in the presence of t-butanol or without alcohol [G(MetHb) = 1.00[. The yield of hemichromes and cholehemichromes in preparations irradiated under N_2O increased in the order: ethanol (G = 0.38), 1-butanol (B = 0.52), t-butanol (G = 0.59), and in the absence of ...

Science.gov (United States)

Linearly polarized laser radiation accelerates electrons to very high velocities and these electron form a sheath layer on the rear side of thin targets where preferentially protons are accelerated. When mass-limited targets are used, the lateral transport of the absorbed laser energy is reduced and the accelerating field is enhanced. For targets consisting of two ion species, heavier ions facilitate formation of quasi-monoenergetic bunch of lighter ions. For circularly polarized light, fast electron production is suppressed by the absence of the oscillatory component of the ponderomotive force. Ions are accelerated on the front side by the separation field and very thin foil can be accelerated as one massive quasi-neutral block. As all ion species acquire the same velocity, this acceleration mechanism is preferred for heavier ions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In Tarapur Atomic Power Station unit-3 and 4, which is 540 MWe pressurized heavy water reactor, tritium is produced in primary heat transport system and moderator system. Tritium is a major contributor to the internal dose. Internal dose contributes about 30% of the collective dose. Internal dose monitoring and its control are important to control the collective dose. Estimation of internal dose is done by analysis of bioassay samples of radiation workers. In a month, about 7000 bioassay samples are analysed for the internal dose assessment during normal operation, and about 12000 during the biennial shut down of the reactor. To enhance the sample preparation and counting performance, minimize the entry errors and reduce the processing time, barcode based label generation system was developed for the internal dose monitoring. This paper discusses about the use of barcode system in the internal dose monitoring at TAPS 3 and 4. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study of specific adsorption of arsenic (As) and humic acid (HM) onto Pt and PtO films using cyclic voltammetry and cyclic massogram in 0.5-M H_2SO_4 is presented, which may serve as an alternative to studies involving specific adsorption of these species on soil minerals. Adsorption of As is normally evaluated by conducting batch adsorption experiments, followed by analysis using hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HGAA) or inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). We found that specific adsorption of As and HM depends both on the surface and on these species present in the adsorption solution. HM does not desorb previously adsorbed As at the HM concentrations used in the present study, but it does co-adsorb with As from a 1 x 10"-"6-M aqueous solution of As_2O_3 containing 1 mg of carbon L"-"1 HM. Arsenic adsorbs strongly on Pt in the presence of HM or during sequential ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A detailed kinetic study of the epoxidation of 1-octene with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by Pt(II) complexes is reported. The two systems analyzed were (diphoe)Pt(CF/sub 3/)(OH)/1-octene/H/sub 2/O/sub 2//THF and ((diphoe)Pt(CF/sub 3/)(CH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/))BF/sub 4//1-octene/H/sub 2/O/sub 2//H/sub 2/O/CH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/. Rate data were determined with GLC from epoxide formed vs time plots. Evidence for many of the organometallic intermediates and the individual steps involved was gained from IR studies, /sup 19/F NMR studies, and especially designed experiments including studies of the acidity effect. In both cases the kinetic analysis suggests a mechanism in which the actual oxidant is a PtOOH species that interacts with a Pt-olefin complex in the oxygen-transfer step (second-order dependence on platinum). 29 references, 12 figures, 3 tables.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xe ion irradiation of NiSi, PdSi, and PtSi on Si was performed at various substrate temperatures. The phase formation and mixing behavior of the three monosilicides with their Si substrates are quite different. For NiSi, NiSi_2 was formed on amorphous Si substrates at 350 "0C, while NiSi remained stable on crystalline Si substrates even at 400 "0C. PtSi reacted with Si to form a metastable Pt_4Si_9 phase, which decomposed back to PtSi and Si by successive irradiation at higher temperatures. The decomposition of the metastable Pt_4Si_9 was easier on crystalline Si substrates than on amorphous substrates. No mixing was observed for PdSi on Si in the temperature range of 35--400 "0C. The ion mixing results were compared with those from thermal annealing. The importance of demixing of a thermally stable system was explored.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the present dissertation, a hierarchical multiscale approach for modeling FePt nanoparticles by atomistic computer simulations is developed. By describing the interatomic interactions on different levels of sophistication, various time and length scales can be accessed. Methods range from static quantum-mechanic total-energy calculations of small periodic systems to simulations of whole particles over an extended time by using simple lattice Hamiltonians. By employing these methods, the energetic and thermodynamic stability of non-crystalline multiply twinned FePt nanoparticles is investigated. Subsequently, the thermodynamics of the order-disorder transition in FePt nanoparticles is analyzed, including the influence of particle size, composition and modified surface energies by different chemical surroundings. In order to identify processes that reduce or enhance the rate of transformation from the disordered to the ...

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RADIANT{trademark} is manufactured by United States Surgical Corporation, Vascular Therapies Division, (formerly Progressive Angioplasty Systems). The system comprises a liquid {beta}-radiation source, a shielded isolation/transfer device (ISAT), modified over-the-wire or rapid exchange delivery balloons, and accessory kits. The liquid {beta}-source is Rhenium-188 in the form of sodium perrhenate (NaReO{sub 4}), Rhenium-188 is primarily a {beta}-emitter with a physical half-life of 17.0 hours. The maximum energy of the {beta}-particles is 2.1 MeV. The source is produced daily in the nuclear pharmacy hot lab by eluting a Tungsten-188/Rhenium-188 generator manufactured by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Using anion exchange columns and Millipore filters the effluent is concentrated to approximately 100 mCi/ml, calibrated, and loaded into the (ISAT) which is subsequently transported to the cardiac catheterization laboratory. The delivery ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An experimental investigation of premixed methane-air combustion within the one-dimensional porous ceramic burners for various burner configurations is presented. The burner is nonhomogeneous because of different pore size ceramic block used in different section of the burner. Therefore, the thermophysical and transport properties are nonuniform along the burner core length. The burners are constructed of partially stabilized zirconia. The CO and NO{sub x} emissions, flame speed, and flame stability are examined and compared at lean equivalence ratios for five different burner configurations. The sandwich-structured burner has very favorable flame stabilizing characteristic due to the radiation reflecting region. While the combustion proceeds at faster rate than other burner configurations, the radiation reflecting region and the exit surface have low temperature. Thus the NO{sub x} emission can be kept at the same low ...

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The measuring series was performed from November 1991 through April 1992 in seven drinking-water conditioning plants of the Fichtel mountains area in the north-eastern part of Bavaria, and the results revealed as an annual average a dose of about 1 - 40 WLM. The area of interest is a drinking-water catchment area where the ground water and other water resources include waters particularly rich in radon content, which explains this relatively high dose range. This is why comprehensive, specific local and long-term mearurements were carried out in order to assess the occupational radiation dose in the drinking-water conditioning plants, taking as a model site the conditioning plant of the municipal utilities of Hof in Weissenstadt. These more specific measurements were performed by the Technical Inspectorates (TUeV) of Bavaria and Saxony and the isotope laboratory of Georg-August University of Goettingen in mid-April 1994 (Goettingen University, TUeV Saxonia and ...

Science.gov (United States)

Basic research of the structure and electronic properties of a-Si:H is reported with particular emphasis on the role of defects. The main findings are as follows: (1) low defect density material can be deposited at a high rate using SiH/sub 4/ diluted in He or Ne. Using Ar or Kr results in a high defect density and columnar material; (2) an electrical bias during deposition modifies the band gap, hydrogen concentration and structure; (3) the clustering of hydrogen in the regions between the columns is confirmed; (4) hydrogen diffusion is observed by NMR; (5) the oxidation of an a-Si:H surface results in approx. 3 x 10/sup 11/ cm/sup -2/ dangling bonds at the interface; (6) auger recombination of photoexcited carriers is a significant non-radiative mechanism at low temperatures; (7) non-radiative recombination by diffusion and capture at dangling bonds is observed at temperatures above 50 to 100/sup 0/K; (8) the defect density in doped and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Based on results from recent studies of elemental dietary intake and organ or tissue content for adult Chinese men, quoted nationwide elemental concentrations in Chinese soil and newly published national average consumption of dietary foods, values of both transfer coefficients and discrimination factor (DF) for transfer from soil via the diet to both critical organs and the whole body have been calculated for important elements in radiation protection, including alkaline earths, alkali metals, rare earths and other related elements. These calculations have used both the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) model and the DF method. In the UNSCEAR model, the basic parameters used to describe the transport of radionuclides are the transfer coefficients P_i_j, which describe the relationship of concentrations or other amounts between compartment i and the following compartment j, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

At Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), a recent effort in waste minimization has focused on scrap metal from radiological controlled areas (RCAs). In particular, scrap metal from RCAs needs to be dispositioned in a reasonable and cost effective manner. Recycling of DOE scrap metals from RCAs is currently under a self-imposed moratorium. Since recycling is not available and reuse is difficult, often metal waste from RCAs, which could otherwise be recycled, is disposed of as low-level waste. Estimates at LANL put the cost of low-level waste disposal at $550 to $4000 per cubic meter, depending on the type of waste and the disposal site. If the waste is mixed, the cost for treatment and disposal can be as high as $50,000 per cubic meter. Disposal of scrap metal as low-level waste uses up valuable space in the low-level waste disposal areas and requires transportation to the disposal site under Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

During the last decade, new radiopharmaceutical have been introduced for brain imaging. The marked differences of these tracers in tissue specificity within the brain and their increasing use for diagnostic studies support the need for a more anthropomorphic model of the human brain and head. Brain and head models developed in the past have been only simplistic representations of this anatomic region. For example, the brain within the phantom of MIRD Pamphlet No. 5 Revised is modeled simply as a single ellipsoid of tissue With no differentiation of its internal structures. To address this need, the MIRD Committee established a Task Group in 1992 to construct a more detailed brain model to include the cerebral cortex, the white matter, the cerebellum, the thalamus, the caudate nucleus, the lentiform nucleus, the cerebral spinal fluid, the lateral ventricles, and the third ventricle. This brain model has been included within a slightly modified version of the head model developed by ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of platinum(II) complexes as tags and probes for biomolecules is indeed advantageous for their reactivities can be selective for certain purposes through an interplay of mild reaction conditions and of the ligands bound to the platinum. The use of {sup 195}Pt NMR as a method of detecting platinum and its interactions with biomolecules was carried out with the simplest model of platinum(II) tagging to proteins. Variable-temperature {sup 195}Pt NMR spectroscopy proved useful in studying the stereodynamics of complex thioethers like methionine. The complex, Pt(trpy)Cl{sup +}, with its chromophore has a greater potential for probing proteins. It is a noninvasive and selective tag for histidine and cysteine residues on the surface of cytochrome c at pH 5. The protein derivatives obtained are separable, and the tags are easily quantitated and differentiated through the metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands which are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The acid-base behavior of the ground and excited states of Pt(qdt){sub 2}{sup 2{minus}} and Pt(phen)(qdt), where qdt=quinoxaline-2,3-dithiolate and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, has been studied. The pH-dependent changes in the charge-transfer absorption and emission spectra for both complexes are attributed to protonation of the quinoxalinedithiolate ligand at the imine nitrogen. For Pt(qdt){sub 2}{sup 2{minus}}, single protonation leads to a large red shift (2582 cm{sup {minus}1}) of the low-energy charge-transfer-to-dithiolate absorption band and the emergence of a new red-shifted emission feature at 728 nm. In solutions of pH below 6, a second protonation takes place at the other qdt ligand, yielding Pt-(Hqdt){sub 2}. This neutral complex has been isolated and characterized by {sup 1}H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The ground-state basicity constants of the two protonation steps have been ...

Norwegian Open Research Archives (NORA)

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Science.gov (United States)

This report presents a general investigation of the transport requirements associated with the construction and operation of conceptual fusion reactors. Projections of amounts of construction and operating materials requiring transportation are presented for several proposed designs. The material to be shipped is described along with the shipping containers that might be used, the transport modes and the expected impact of transporting these materials. Transportation of both radioactive and nonradioactive materials will be required. Most of these materials are routinely shipped by the transportation industry. Transportation requirements of a representative fusion reactor are also compared with Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) requirements.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Mesoporous films of platinized carbon nanotube-zirconia-Nafion composite have been used for the immobilization of tris(2,2prime-bipyridyl)ruthenium (II) (Ru(bpy)32+) on an electrode surface to yield a solid-state electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensor. The composite films of Pt-CNT-zirconia-Nafion exhibit much larger pore diameter (3.55 nm) than that of Nafion (2.82 nm) and thus leading to much larger ECL response for tripropylamine (TPA) because of the fast diffusion of the analyte within the films. Due to the conducting and electrocatalytic features of CNTs and Pt nanoparticles, their incorporation into the zirconia-Nafion composite films resulted in the decreased electron transfer resistance within the films. The present ECL sensor based on the Pt-CNT-zirconia-Nafion gave a lin...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The energy level schemes of "1"9"2Os and "1"9"2Pt have been established on the basis of #gamma#-#gamma# coincidence studies using a dual parameter data collection system. Ge(Li) detectors were employed to study the gamma spectra produced in the E.C. and #beta#"- decays of "1"9"2Ir to "1"9"2Os and "1"9"2Pt, respectively. Thirteen new transitions and three new levels at 1,146.95, 1,237.35 and 1,913.76 keV are suggested. Relative intensities from singles measurements, branching ratios, #alpha#(K) and log ft values were calculated and multipolarities, spins and parities deduced. Comparisons are made with predictions of the Interacting Boson Model calculated on the basis of an O(6) to SU(3) transition. (orig.).

Science.gov (United States)

The redistribution of implanted As and Sb following metal-silicide formation of Pt, Pd, and Ni has been studied. The phases of the silicides used were PtSi, Pd/sub 2/Si, and NiSi. Investigations with Rutherford backscattering analysis showed that after the formation of the silicides, the Sb was always found in the silicide layer near the surface of the samples, whereas PtSi and Pd/sub 2/Si caused a partial rejection of As for implanted doses of 2 x 10/sup 15/ cm/sup -2/ and higher. No rejection of As was found after the formation of NiSi. The results are discussed in terms of solid solubilities and impurity-metal compound formation. The data presented has implications in the fabrication of Ohmic contacts and the adjustments of the heights of Schottky barriers on silicon.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Localized beam-processed areas using chemical reactions induced by a 30 keV Ga"+ focused ion beam (FIB) with and without I_2 (etching) and (CH_3)_3CH_3C_5H_5Pt gases (Pt deposition) have been analyzed using a 300 keV Be"2"+ microprobe with a beam spot size of 50-80 nm. The analyzed results have been compared with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis using an electron beam. The EDX analysis only indicated incorporated impurities at high fluence such as Ga, Pt and C, while microprobe RBS analysis could detect residual iodine with low concentration which couldn't be detected by EDS analysis because of the lower sensitivity of the EDX analysis for heavy atoms.

Science.gov (United States)

The phase stability of silicides of Ni, Pt and Pd in contact with single crystal or amorphous silicon is examined. The presence of a particular silicide phase is identified by X-ray diffraction, and Rutherford backscattering is used to study composition. It is concluded that Pt or Pd silicides are suitable for Schottky barriers. Layers of silicon can be grown quickly by solid phase epitaxy at temperatures of 300-500C and using an intermediate metal film. Experimental results are reported. Doped layers have been obtained which have electrical characteristics suitable for the junctions in solar cells. The effects of impurities and orientation of the substrate on the growth kinetics are discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thin Pt, Pd, Pt_2Si, PtSi, Pd_2Si, Ni, Mo, W, Nb, Ti, V films deposited on Si single crystal were treated by using electron beam pulses of 60 ns duration in the 0.4-4 J/cm"2 energy density range. Irradiation of these structures produces at the same time many phases. Post-thermal annealing of the reacted layer induces the formation of a stable phase, the same obtained by only thermal treatment in a conventional furnace. A linear relationship between the energy density range and the lowest eutectic temperature of the compounds formed has been found. Further SEM observations seem to identify a liquid layer from which the phases are forming by subsequent fast cooling. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naturally occurring radionuclides are present in most material. The most common naturally occurring radionuclides in material are those of the uranium and thorium series and potassium-40. This material is commonly referred to as Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM). In some material the levels of naturally occurring radionuclides are significantly higher, to the extent that regulatory control may be required for radiation protection purposes. Regulation of NORM presents a range of new challenges for both regulators and operators. Unlike more traditional industries dealing with radionuclides, NORM industries have generally not had any radiological oversight and, for example, are not equipped for radiological monitoring. Some consumer goods containing NORM, which have not traditionally been considered as a radiological problem (such as some fertilizers), may require regulation and this may have social and economic consequences. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The synthesis, characterization, and emission properties of a series of Pt(L{sub 2})(S-S) complexes are reported. The (L{sub 2}) ligands include 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Ph{sub 2}phen), 4,4{prime}-dimethyl-2,2{prime}-bipyridine (Me{sub 2}bpy), 1,5-cyclo-octadiene (COD), trimethyl phosphite (P(OMe){sub 3}), and the {alpha}-C-deprotonated form of 2-phenylpyridine (2-phpy). The (S-S) ligands include 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1-cyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolate (tbcda), 1-(diethoxyphosphinyl)-1-cyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolate (cpdt), cis-1,2-dicarbomethoxyethylene-1,2-dithiolate (met), and N,N-diethyldithio-carbamate (Et{sub 2}dtc). The complexes are readily synthesized by the addition of the dithiolate or thiolate ligand to Pt(L{sub 2})Cl{sub 2} except for Pt(P(OMe){sub 3}){sub 2}(met), which is prepared by the addition of 2 equiv of trimethyl phosphite to Pt(COD)(met).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling is a powerful tool to produce ordered magnetic nanostructures. However, it is impossible to produce out-of-plane magnetized nanoscale structures from multilayer films by direct FIB writing. Co/Pt multilayers exhibit an out-of-plane easy axis due to strong perpendicular interface anisotropy. The interface contribution is known to be very sensitive to high energy ion irradiation. In case of 30 keV Ga ions it needs less than one ion per 100 surface atoms to destroy the perpendicular interface anisotropy. We demonstrate how this problem can be overcome by milling a Co/Pt multilayer, which has been deposited on a SiN membrane, from the rear side, through the SiN. The effect of the ions is determined as a function of applied dose utilizing the domain structure imaged by soft X-ray holography. When the magnetic material is removed we find only a very narrow range of destruction around the holes in contrast to the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We demonstrate a preparative method which produces highly-monodisperse Pt-nanoparticles of tunable size without the external addition of seed particles. Hexachloroplatinic acid is dosed slowly to an ethylene glycol solution at 120 C and reduced in the presence of a stabilizing polymer poly-N-vinylpyrollidone (PVP). Slow addition of the Pt-salt first will first lead to the formation of nuclei (seeds) which then grow further to produce larger particles of any desired size between 3 and 8nm. The amount of added hexachloroplatinic acid precursor controls the size of the final nanoparticle product. TEM was used to determine size and morphology and to confirm the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. Good reproducibility of the technique was demonstrated. Above 7nm, the particle shape and morphology changes suddenly indicating a change in the deposition selectivity of the Pt-precursor from (100) towards (111) crystal faces and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report discusses: shape coexistence in {sup 184}Pt; nuclear structure of {sup 187}Ir; g-factors of excited states; OLNO-2; and refrigerator development.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Two new equiatomic ternary compounds, EuPtSi and EuPdSi, have been synthesized and are found to crystallize in the cubic LaIrSi type structure. The magnetic susceptibility of both compounds follows Curie-Weiss behavior in the temperature range 10 to 300 K with an effective magnetic moment close to that of Eu"2"+ moment. The paramagnetic Curie temperatures are 5 K for EuPtSi and 9 K for EuPdSi. There is no clear indication of magnetic ordering in the susceptibility of both the compounds down to 4.2 K. However, "1"5"1Eu Moessbauer studies show a hyperfine split pattern in EuPtSi at 4.2 K indicating the onset of magnetic ordering. The "1"5"1Eu isomer shifts are temperature independent and are characteristic of the divalent Eu ion. All these results establish that the Eu ions are in a stable divalent state in these compounds. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A solar water splitting cell composed of WO3, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) and Pt was constructed for producing hydrogen from deionized water in sunlight. Spectral responsivity measurements under various temperatures and bias voltages were conducted for the cell using the Incident Photon to Current Efficiency (IPCE) method. For comparison, a known WO3 Photo Electro Chemical (PEC) cell containing H3PO4 electrolyte, WO3/H3PO4/Pt, was tested using the same test method. The WO3/PEM-H2O/Pt cell showed better Quantum Efficiency (QE) performance compared to that obtained from the cell with the chemical electrolyte. For the first time, spectral responsivity of photo water splitting process without bias power was unveiled in the new WO3 cell, demonstrating the self-sustained photo electrolysi...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

GRR-1 is a 5MW open pool type research reactor with MTR-type fuel elements cooled and moderated by light water with beryllium reflectors at the two opposing sides of the core. A graphite thermal neutron column is adjusted to one side of the core. Six radial horizontal beam tubes are available, of which three contain in-pile collimators for neutron scattering instruments. The reactor is currently out of operation for inspection and refurbishment purposes. The core has been dismantled and the fuel elements are stored in the used fuel storage tank. The GRR-1 inspection and refurbishment plan involves inspection and eventually replacement of the reactor's primary cooling circuit. The health physics procedures to be implemented during inspection of the main water outlet are divided in three stages: a) pool dose rate survey from pool top, b) pool drainage by decreasing water level in steps and c) inspection of the water main outlet. urpose of the present work is the evaluation of the gamma ...

CERN Document Server

The dynamics of spin-lattice relaxation (slr) of metal-organic Pt(II) compounds is studied. Often, such systems are characterized by pronounced zero-field splittings (zfs) of the lowest-lying triplets. Previous expressions for the Orbach slr process do not allow to treat such splitting patterns properly. We discuss the behavior of a modified Orbach expression for a model system and present results of a fit of the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate of Pt(2-thpy)$_2$ based on the modified expression.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Incorporation of TiO{sub 2}, into perfluoroionomer membrane by treatment with TiC1{sub 4}-methanol has been described. Platinum was used as an electrocatalyst. In order to make the system electronically as well as ionically conducting, the electrode was modified with polypyrrole (PPy). Photopolymerisation of pyrrole was accomplished by immersing TiO{sub 2}-Pt-NaF in pyrrole solution. UV-visible and FT-IR Spectroscopic studies were preformed with regards to the formation of the TiO{sub 2}, Pt and PPy within Nafion matrix. We report the construction and evaluation of this integrated system and establish the feasibility of hydrogen generation thereof. (Author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The L-subshell and total M-shell X-ray production cross sections of Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb and Bi have been measured by protons of energy between 0.7 and 2.4 MeV. The obtained results for X-ray production cross sections have been compared with the existing experimental data, prediction of the ECPSSR theory and also with fitted empirical cross sections of Strivay and Weber.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Properties of unique parity states in odd-proton (/sub 77/Ir, /sub 79/Au) and odd-neutron nuclei (/sub 78/Pt) are investigated in the framework of the interacting boson-fermion approximation model. The core (boson)-particle (fermion) interaction is represented by a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction and an exchange term, which takes into account the effects of the Pauli exclusion principle. The even-even core nucleus is described in terms of the IBA-1 hamiltonian. The change in the properties of the corresponding odd-A nuclei can be interpreted in terms of a transition of the core hamiltonian between the O(6) and SU(3) limiting cases.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A completely microscopic theory for "1"8"7Ir, "1"8"7Os, "1"8"9Ir and "1"8"9Pt is developed in terms of a quasi-particle coupled to the neighbouring even-even core. The calculated values of the positive parity states of "1"8"7Ir are given which agree fairly good with the experimental values. The values of the negative parity states of "1"8"7Ir are also given. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared

Science.gov (United States)

... radiation during clinical therapy and exposures due to radiation accidents or attacks, in which the doses are uncontrolled ... only be used off-label in victims of radiation accidents or attacks. The idea...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The work in the past year has primarily involved four areas of magnetic thin films: amorphous rare earth-transition metal alloys, epitaxial CoPt{sub 3} and Ni-Pt alloy thin films, amorphous rare earth doped Si (a new class of dilute magnetic semiconductor with large negative magnetoresistance which the authors have discovered), and exchange-coupled antiferromagnetic insulators. In the amorphous alloys, they made a systematic study of the effects of local anisotropy, macroscopic (perpendicular) anisotropy, and exchange constant on the fundamental (and practical) properties of these magnetic alloys, as originally described in the grant proposal. The work on the epitaxial Co-Pt (and more recently Ni-Pt) alloys was originally undertaken as a comparison study to the amorphous alloys. Crystalline Co-Pt alloys have many striking similarities to the amorphous rare earth-transition metal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study focuses on a series of Pt{sup II}(L-L{prime})(dppm){sup n+} complexes, where dppm is bis(diphenylphosphino)methane and L-L{prime} are C(caret)C{prime} (n = 0), C(caret)N (n = 1), and N(caret)N{prime} (n = 2) aromatic ligands. Structural characteristics are reported. Structural features indicate that the Pt-C bond distance is shorter than the Pt-N bond distance in symmetrical complexes and that the Pt-P bond distance trans to N is shorter than the Pt-P bond trans to C. This is consistent with the {sup 31}P NMR spectra where the chemical shift of the P trans to C is {approximately}10 ppm less than found for P trans to N. The energy maxima of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer band for the complexes containing various L-L{prime} ligands occur in the near-UV region of the spectrum and fall into the energy series bpy > bph > phen > 2-phpy > 2-ptpy ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The change of the transport coefficient due to the fusion energy source is studied. The scale invariance property of the reduced set of equations is investigated in the presence of the self-heating term due to the fusion reaction. The pressure gradient as well as the fusion power are the free energy sources that dictate the turbulent transport. It is shown that the burning transport coefficient can have a form with much wider variety, and that the transport property could be different owing to the self-heating by the fusion reactions. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The process of ensuring the quality of computer codes can be very time consuming and expensive. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Monte Carlo codes all predate the existence of quality assurance (QA) standards and configuration control. The number of person-years and the amount of money spent on code development make it impossible to adhere strictly to all the current requirements. At ORNL, the Nuclear Engineering Applications Section of the Computing Applications Division is responsible for the development, maintenance, and application of the Monte Carlo codes MORSE and KENO. The KENO code is used for doing criticality analyses; the MORSE code, which has two official versions, CGA and SGC, is used for radiation transport analyses. Because KENO and MORSE were very thoroughly checked out over the many years of extensive use both in the United States and in the international community, the existing codes were open-quotes baselined.close ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The PuO/sub 2/ cask or SP 5320-2 and 3 cask is designed for surface shipment of americium or plutonium. The cask design was physically tested to demonstrate that it met the criteria specified in US ERDA Manual Chapter 0529, and Chapter I, Interstate Commerce Commission. The package has been assessed for transport of up to 357 grams of plutonium (403 grams PuO/sub 2/ powder) and up to 176 grams of americium (200 grams AmO/sub 2/ powder), having a maximum decay heat of 203 watts. Criticality evaluation alone would allow the shipment as Fissile Class II but the radiation level of the cask, measured at the time of shipment, may exceed 50 mrem/h at the surface and require shipment as Fissile Class III. Sample calculations address only the more restrictive of the two materials, which in most cases is /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors present arguments against nuclear energy and pro renewable energy sources. Thus, the water used in Uranium mining and primary ore processing becomes contaminated in long lived radioisotopes and so a threat for local ecosystems and communities. Then, during the fabrication, enrichment, and handling of nuclear fuel the workers are exposed to radiations and dangerous accidental radioactive leaks can occur. But, by far, the most menacing aspect of nuclear power exploitation remains the human errors in operating the nuclear plants which can result in major accidents like that from Chernobyl which spread radioactivity all over the Europe. The equipment used in nuclear facilities which is highly contaminated as well as the burned fuel implies transportation and long term storage which also present high risks. The major advantage of the nuclear energy consists in its very low environment impact and its null contribution to the greenhouse ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) is a 400-MWt, sodium-cooled reactor located on the Hanford Site near Richland, Washington, USA. The FFTF is owned by the U.S. Department of Energy and is operated by the Westinghouse Hanford Company. The FFTF was designed to test fuels and materials for use in liquid metal reactors. Since initial operation in 1982, anticipated breaches of experimental fuel pins have released fission products, including cesium, into the primary sodium. Because of its high volatility, cesium vaporizes into the cover gas space, where it condenses on components and equipment and is transported into the cover gas outlet. Because of the long half-life of "1"3"7Cs, these deposits result in long-term, local radiation levels that make contact maintenance difficult. Thus, a cesium trap was installed in FFTF to reduce the cesium level in the sodium. The trap could also permit a Run Beyond Cladding Breach (RBCB) program without ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A glass furnace, consisting of a combustion space and a glass melter, uses combustion heat to melt sand and cullet into liquid glass to make products. Glass quality is mainly dependent on the temperature, glass composition, and the level of impurities in a glass melter, which include solid batch/cullet particles, liquid glass, and gas bubbles. A comprehensive computational model using an Eulerian approach has been developed to simulate multiphase flows in a glass melter. It includes all the phases, divides solid particles or gas bubbles into various size groups, and treats each group as a continuum. The derived mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations of the flow are solved for local properties for each phase. The simulation considers the heating and melting of the batch (mainly from the radiative heat from combustion and from the convective heat from the molten glass), the formation and transport of bubbles, and the heating and mixing ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Exposure control at the operating Nuclear Power Station is a major concern. TAPS Unit-4 is the first Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor of 540 MWe electrical capacity. This unit was made critical on March 6, 2005. In-depth review of radiation safety was done to identify the impact of design modification on dose rates at various locations and on the equipment's. Problems encountered in controlling the dose rates in 220 MWe electrical are eliminated by appropriate design modifications. Due to higher capacity of the unit there are design changes in major systems such as reactor core, primer heat transport system, moderator system, reactor regulation and protection systems. Reactor operations and maintenance activities during shut down contributes to exposure of the employees. Based on the experience gained in the operation of 220 MWe, design modifications incorporated in TAPS unit-4 and dose rate measurements carried out at 90 % full power, through ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Accurate calculations of atomic displacement damage in materials exposed to neutrons require detailed spectra for primary recoil nuclei. Such data are not available from direct experimental measurements. Moreover, they cannot always be computed accurately starting from evaluated nuclear data libraries such as ENDF/B-V that were developed primarily for neutron transport applications, because these libraries lack detailed energy-and-angle distributions for outgoing charged particles. Fortunately, a new generation of nuclear model codes is now available that can be used to fill in the missing spectra. One example is the preequilibrium statistical-model code GNASH. For heating and damage applications, a supplementary code called RECOIL has been developed. RECOIL uses detailed reaction data from GNASH, together with angular distributions based on Kalbach-Mann systematics to compute the energy and angle distributions of recoil nuclei. The energy-angle distributions for ...

CERN Document Server

Radiation protection and the management of radioactive waste in the oil and gas industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The case of spontaneous radiation of channeled ultrarelativistic particles is considered when the dipolarity condition is not satisfied. The change of the particle longitudinal velocity affecting the maximum radiation frequency is included. The angular and frequency characteristics of the radiation for superhigh energies are studied for the first time. It is shown that there is an optimum energy at which the radiation density is maximum. The influence of the angle at which electrons enter a crystal and of the beam divergence on the radiation is investigated. The problem of quasichanneled particle radiation and also the radiation in axis-plane transitions are considered. (author).

CERN Document Server

Compact Proton and Carbon Ion Synchrotrons for Radiation Therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

High-energy ionizing radiation is a prominent modality for the treatment of many cancers. The approaches to electron dose calculation can be categorized into semi-empirical models (e.g. Fermi-Eyges, convolution-superposition) and probabilistic methods (e.g. Monte Carlo). A third approach to dose calculation has only recently attracted attention in the medical physics community. This approach is based on the deterministic kinetic equations of radiative transfer. We derive a macroscopic partial differential equation model for electron transport in tissue. This model involves an angular closure in the phase space. It is exact for the free streaming and the isotropic regime. We solve it numerically by a newly developed HLLC scheme based on Berthon et al (2007 J. Sci. Comput. 31 347-89) that exactly preserves the key properties of the analytical solution on the discrete level. We discuss several test cases taken from the medical ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

SX Holdings Limited intends to establish a rare earths plant at Port Pirie, South Australia. The proposal involves three stages of development, Stage 3 being to develop a monazite cracking plant and associated rare earths separation facility with the capacity to process up to 8,000 t/a of monazite-type ores. The proposed initial capacity is 4,000 t/a. This Draft Environmental Impact Statement relates to Stage 3 and is based on a monazite processing capacity of 8,000 t/a. The justification of the project is given in terms of use and the market for rare earths, the economic and environmental benefits of the proposal, the site selection process, site rehabilitation, and the consequences of not proceeding. A detailed description of the project is given, including the treatment process, site development and facilities, the supply of raw materials, product and waste handling, transport and storage, plant commissioning, operation and decommissioning, construction and ...

Science.gov (United States)

In 2002 and again in 2003, an investigative journalist unit at ABC News transported a 6.8 kilogram metallic slug of depleted uranium (DU) via shipping container from Istanbul, Turkey to Brooklyn, NY and from Jakarta, Indonesia to Long Beach, CA. Targeted inspection of these shipping containers by Department of Homeland Security (DHS) personnel, included the use of gamma-ray imaging, portal monitors and hand-held radiation detectors, did not uncover the hidden DU. Monte Carlo analysis of the gamma-ray intensity and spectrum of a DU slug and one consisting of highly-enriched uranium (HEU) showed that DU was a proper surrogate for testing the ability of DHS to detect the illicit transport of HEU. Our analysis using MCNP-5 illustrated the ease of fully shielding an HEU sample to avoid detection. The assembly of an Improvised Nuclear Device (IND) -- a crude atomic bomb -- from sub-critical pieces of HEU metal was then examined ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Alterations in mass transport patterns of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and oxygen are known to cause atherosclerosis in larger arteries. We hypothesise that the species transport processes in coronary...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The transport of serine into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Xanthi) cells grown in liquid medium was studied. Serine transport was maximal below pH 4.0. A time-dependent stimulation...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Nutrient transport affinities of nutrient-starved microbial populations were measured as initial slopes of plots of limiting-nutrient transport rates versus extracellular limiting-nutrient concentrations....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

To gain insight into ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) function and its potential role in AD pathology, we analyzed the expression of the cholesterol transporter ABCA1...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Many auxin responses are dependent on redistribution and/or polar transport of indoleacetic acid. Polar transport of auxin can be inhibited through the application of phytotropins such as 1-naphthylphthalamic...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundWith the exception of vertebrates, most organisms have plasma membrane associated ammonium transporters which primarily serve to import a source of nitrogen for nutritional...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The relative transport capabilities of the cells of the root periphery and cortex were investigated using a variety of experimental techniques. Brief (30 seconds to 1 minute) exposures with the penetrating...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This report was prepared to evaluate the compliance of Cask Transportation Facility Modifications (CTFM) to DOE Order 6430.1A.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lithium (Li) plating-stripping reaction properties at the lithium phosphorus oxynitride glass electrolyte (LiPON)/copper thin film (Cu) interface is improved by the insertion of nano-thickness platinum (Pt) layer at the interface. The LiPON films are formed on mirror-polished lithium-ion conductive solid electrolyte sheets, and current collector thin films of Li, Cu-Pt multi layer, and Cu are formed on the LiPON films. The plating-stripping reactions at the LiPON/current collector films interface are carried out by galvanostatic and potential sweep measurements. Galvanostatic measurements reveal that Pt layer insertion reduces the overvoltage of the reaction and improves its coulomb efficiency. Also, cyclic voltammetry measurement suggests formation of Li-Pt alloys at higher voltages than 0 V (vs. Li/Li{sup +}) during the lithium plating process. Scanning electron microscopy observation clarifies that ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Etching of SiO_2 rods has been obtained with a dc torch with argon as the process gas in an air environment at atmospheric pressure; the high temperature of the plasma jet causes vaporization of the exposed area. The apparatus and torch operative parameters have been set up to obtain a depth etch rate of up to 0.6 mm min"-"1 corresponding to 0.826 g min"-"1. An enthalpy probe has been employed to monitor the plasma conditions before the thermal plasma etching process and from the experimental etch rate a surface rod temperature of T_s_u_r = 2057 K has been derived. Etching has been obtained with uniformity over the entire exposed area with peak to peak differences below 1%. The plasma to rod heat transfer has been simulated using a commercial CFD code Fluent (copyright). The model consists of a non-steady two-dimensional simulation for a compressible turbulent fluid, with an adapted grid calculation. Boundary conditions have been set out using the enthalpy probe plasma jet map. In ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Areas with elevated levels of radioactivity were found throughout both residences, as well as on the surrounding property. Contamination was also found in the garage behind the 105 East structure. The 105 East residence had substantially more contamination than the 107 East residence, as was expected. The chimneys, particularly the rear chimney, from the 105 East residence had extensive contamination, indicating that contaminated materials may have been burned at the site. The high background radiation emanating from this residence made it difficult to establish the relatively lower levels of contamination in the 107 East residence. The property surrounding the 105 East residence was found to have substantial contamination scattered throughout, with the highest level occurring in the backyard. The soil surface contamination seemed to drop markedly (but not entirely) at the property lines. The property surrounding 107 East was found to be less contaminated, although ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The space environment consists of a varying field of radiation particles including high-energy ions, with spacecraft shielding material providing the only major protection to astronauts from harmful exposure. Unlike low-linear energy transfer (LET) {gamma} or X-rays, the presence of shielding does not always reduce the radiation risks for energetic charged particle exposure, since the dose delivered by the charged particle increases sharply as the particle approaches the end of its range, a position known as the Bragg peak. The Bragg curve does not necessarily represent the biological damage along the particle traversal, and the 'biological Bragg curve' is dependent on the energy and the type of the primary particle, and may vary for different biological endpoints. Here we used a unique irradiation geometry to measure the biological response across the Bragg curve in human fibroblasts exposed to 577MeV/nucleon incident Fe ions ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For heavy-ion beam driven inertial fusion ''liquid-protected'' reactor designs such as HYLIFE-II, a mixture of molten salts made of F{sup 10}, Li{sup -6}, Li{sup 7} and Be{sup 9} (called flibe) allows small chambers and final-focus magnets closer to the target with superconducting coils suffering higher radiation damage, though they can stand only a certain amount of energy deposited before quenching. This work has been primarily focusing on verifying that total energy deposited by fusion neutrons and induced gamma rays remain under such limit values and the final purpose is the optimization of the shielding of the magnetic lens system from the points of view of the geometrical configuration and of the physical nature of the materials adopted. The system is analyzed in terms of six geometrical models going from simplified up to much more realistic representations of a system of 192 beam lines, each focused by six magnets. A 3-D ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

With the advent of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), the inclusion of heterogeneity corrections is further complicated by the conformal delivery of many small beams forming steep dose gradients. Radiation treatment planning has evolved to take into account even small changes in tissue density so that the dose to tumor can be further optimized. However, different treatment planning systems incorporate different heterogeneity correction algorithms, and it is unclear whether any of these algorithms are superior to others in terms of accurately predicting delivered radiation doses relative to measurement in a clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of heterogeneity dose calculations from two widely used IMRT treatment planning systems (Pinnacle and Corvus) against measurement. These two systems handle heterogeneity dose corrections by means of a collapsed-cone convolution ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heavy ion irradiation on tantalum metal target with 57 MeV "1"1B"4"+ leads to the production of no-carrier-added radioisotopes of platinum, "1"8"7","1"8"8Pt and iridium, "1"8"7","1"8"8Ir in the matrix, which have been effectively separated from the bulk target and from each other with suitable anion exchangers employing liquid-liquid extraction (LLX). Also "1"8"8","1"8"9Pt and "1"8"8","1"8"9Ir radionuclides have been produced, from their short-lived precursors "1"8"8","1"8"9Au, in "1"2C"6"+ irradiated tantalum matrix. Gamma-spectroscopy has been utilised to determine the production, extent of separation and purity of the radiotracers at different stages of the experiment. (orig.)

CERN Document Server

The presented results are the first measurements at RHIC for direct $\\gamma$-charged hadron azimuthal correlations in heavy ion collisions. We use these correlations to study the color charge density of the medium through the medium-induced modification of high-p$_T$ parton fragmentation. Azimuthal correlations of direct photons at high transverse energy (8 $<$ p$_T$ $<$ 16 GeV) with away-side charged hadrons of transverse momentum (3 $<$ p$_T$ $<$ 6 GeV/c) have been measured over a broad range of centrality for $Au+Au$ collisions and $p+p$ collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV in the STAR experiment. A transverse shower shape analysis in the STAR Barrel Electromagnetic Calorimeter Shower Maximum Detector is used to discriminate between the direct photons and photons from the decays of high p$_T$ $\\pi^{0}$. The per-trigger away-side yield of direct $\\gamma$ is smaller than from $\\pi^{0}$ trigger at the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Crystalline bis(O,O'-di-sec-butyldithiophosphato)platinum(II) was prepared and studied by means of 13C, 31P CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The unit cell of the platinum(II) compound is comprised of one centrosymmetric mononuclear molecule [Pt{S2P(O-sec-C4H9)2}2], in which the dithiophosphate groups display structural equivalence in both 31P NMR and XRD data. A pair of the dithiophosphate ligands exhibit the same S,S'-bidentate chelating structural function and form two planar four-membered chelate rings, [PtS2P], in this molecule. The planar configuration of the [PtS4] chromophore in structure 1 is governed by the dsp2-hybrid state of platinum(II). The structural states of the dithiophosphate groups in two different samples of complex 1 (one crystallised from...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

German translation of the publication 'The evaluation of risks from radiation' published in 1965 by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. In a survey, genetic and somatic risks from radiation are presented and explained. (HP).

Science.gov (United States)

... mast cell staining; ref. 16). The severity of structural radiation injury was assessed using a histopathological radiation injury score ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

This investigation describes the technique for the detection of the X-ray fluorescent radiation

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A localization criterion for the crystal-liquid phase transition (PT) is suggested, according to which the PT starts when the ratio E d/k B T reaches a boundary value E d(s)/k B T m, above which a solid phase, and below which, a liquid phase is located in the phase diagram. Here, E d is the energy of the delocalization of an atom, k B is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and E d(s) is the energy of delocalization for the solid phase at the melting point T m. It is shown that this criterion extends the Lindemann criterion of melting to the case of crystallization, and the L?ven criterion of crystallization to the case of melting. It is shown that the localization criterion suggested is applicable both for the normally melting substances and for the substances melting with a decr...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Magnetic structures and magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) of tetragonal phase Fe_3Pt with an L1_2 atomic ordering in bulk and thin film are investigated by means of the first-principles full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method. The results obtained predict that the tetragonal phase, in which the tetragonal distortion with (c/a) = 0.95 makes an asymmetry of magnetic properties along the c-axis (out-of-plane) and a-axis (in-plane), has an out-of-plane MCA. In addition, from the thin film calculations, the presence of surface is found to strongly enhance the out-of-plane MCA.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Nowadays, the studies are focused on the search of better electrocatalysts that promote the complete oxidation of ethanol/bioethanol to CO2. To that end, amorphous bi-catalytic catalysts of composition Ni59Nb40Pt1-xYx (Y=Cu, Ru, x=0.4% at.) have been developed, obtained by mechanical alloying, resulting in higher current densities and an improvement in tolerance to adsorbed CO vs. Ni59Nb40Pt1 catalyst. By using voltammetric techniques, the appearance of three oxidation peaks can be observed. The first peak could be associated with the electrooxidative process of ethanol/bioethanol to acetaldehyde, the second peak could be the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid, and the last peak might be the final oxidation to CO2. Chrono-amperometric experiments show qualitative poisoning of catalyt...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this Brief Report, we consider dijet production at #gamma##gamma# colliders as a probe of recently proposed, large extra-dimensional gravity models. The exchange of virtual, spin-2 graviton towers (Kaluza-Klein excitations) significantly modifies the cross section, as compared to the standard model predictions. We find that, in order to maximize the value of the effective scale that can be probed at a given center-of-mass energy, a very severe p_T cut should be applied; in general, a p_T equal to approximately 46% of the e"+e"- beam energy gives the highest reach. We find that we can probe the effective mass scale from about 2.7 TeV to 11.1 TeV, depending on the center-of-mass energy and assumptions about the model. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The electronic structures of platinum group elements (Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Pd, and Pt) silicides have been calculated. Ir_3Si_5 is a semiconductor with the direct gap of 1.14 eV. Among monosilicides, RuSi and OsSi with the FeSi-type structure are semiconductors with the gap values of 0.21 and 0.41 eV but RhSi, IrSi, PdSi, and PtSi with the MnP-type structure are metals. No semiconducting compounds can be found in other platinum group elements silicides other than known Ru_2Si_3, Os_2Si_3, and OsSi_2.

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:18472586

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionNot supplied.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

... Marine transport and oil disposal by boats and Matadi pose threats in the region. When the water ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

Cardiac Arrest; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Development of the engineering technology basis of pyrometallurgical reprocessing is a key issue for industrialization. For development of the transport technologies of molten salt and liquid cadmium at around 773 K, a salt transport test rig and a metal transport test rig were newly installed in an Ar glove box. Function of the salt transport test rig was confirmed with LiCl-KCl molten salt, and the transport behaviour of molten salt was found to follow that of water. The molten salt/liquid metal contactor for Ln/An separation was newly designed and installed. The test with a single-stage contactor was successful with simulated elements, and a three-stage contactor is now under development. A large-scale electro-refiner with a function to transport molten salt and liquid cadmium were newly designed, and to be installed for demonstration test with simulated ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Solenoid transport of high current, heavy ion beams is considered for several stages of a heavy ion fusion driver. In general this option is more efficient than magnetic quadrupole transport at sufficiently low kinetic energy and/or large e/m, and for this reason it has been employed in electron induction linacs. Ideally an ion beam would be transported in a state of Brillouin flow, i.e. cold in the transverse plane and spinning at one half the cyclotron frequency. The design of appropriate solenoids and the equilibrium and stability of transported ion beams are discussed. An outline of application to a fusion driver is also presented.

ScienceCinema

...spontaneous radiation ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short communications only.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short communication.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short communication.

Science.gov (United States)

Cancer and Tobacco Abuse

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... chemical radiation effects decomposition extraction columns gamma radiation

Science.gov (United States)

Prostate Cancer; Psychosocial Effects of Cancer and Its Treatment; Radiation Toxicity; Sexual Dysfunction and Infertility

Wastenet

... Radiation Protection Products and Equipment Find and compare a variety of radiation protection products and equipment on the world's largest environmental industry portal. View product ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This chapter is concerned with standards and guidances for limiting radiation exposures. It is divided into three sections, each of which has several parts. Section 1: Ionizing Radiation -- Standards and Guidances Applicable to the Public: Part A, Radiation Protection Standards; Part B, Environmental Radiation Standards; Part C, Exempt Levels of Radioactivity; Part D, Protective Action Guides for Accidents. Section 2: Ionizing Radiation -- Standards Applicable to the Workplace. Section 3: Medical and Other Standards.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new formulation of the theory of tachyons is developed using the same two postulates as in special relativity. Use is made of a 'switching principle' to show how tachyons automatically obey the laws of conservation of energy, momentum and electric charge. Tachyonic mechanics is further developed by a consideration of tachyonic rods and clocks. There follows a discussion of the conservation of electric charge and the apparent visual appearance of a tachyonic cube. 19 refs., 9 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

New platinum(II) complexes with asymmetrically substituted chiral diamine ligands A{sub 2}PtX{sub 2}, (A{sub 2}=NH{sub 2}CH(CH{sub 3})CH{sub 2}NH(c-C{sub 5}H{sub 9}) (apcpa), NH{sub 2}CH(CH{sub 3})CH{sub 2}NH(c-C{sub 6}H{sub 11}) (apcha); X{sub 2}=2Cl, isopropylidenmalonate (IPM), 1,1'-cyclobutandicarboxylate (CBDCA) have been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analyses, infrared and NMR spectroscopies, and X-ray crystallography. The crystal structures of (S-apcha)Pt[CBDCA]{center_dot}3H{sub 2}O (orthorhombic, P2{sub 1}2{sub 1}2(No. 18), a=6.926(3), b=15.243(3), c=19.319(4) A, V=2039.5(10) A{sup 3}, Z=4, R=0.072) and (S-apcha)Pt[IPM]{center_dot}2.5H{sub 2}O (monoclinic, P2/c(No. 13), a=9.882(1), b=18.502(1), c=22.056(1) A, V=4032.8(5) A{sup 3}, Z=8, R=0.093) exhibit that the platinum atoms achieve a typical square planar arrangement with two nitrogen atoms in cis position and with the chiral center ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The neutron-capture cross sections of "1"6"8Yb, "1"8"0W, "1"8"4Os, "1"9"0Pt, and "1"9"6Hg have been measured by means of the activation technique. The samples were irradiated in a quasistellar neutron spectrum of kT=25 keV, which was produced at the Karlsruhe 3.7-MV Van de Graaff accelerator via the "7Li(p,n)"7Be reaction. Systematic uncertainties were investigated in repeated activations with different samples and by variation of the experimental parameters, that is, irradiation times, neutron fluxes, and #gamma#-ray counting conditions. The measured data were converted into Maxwellian-averaged cross sections at kT=30 keV, yielding 1214#+-#61, 624#+-#54, 590#+-#43, 511#+-#46, and 201#+-#11 mb for "1"6"8Yb, "1"8"0W, "1"8"4Os, "1"9"0Pt, and "1"9"6Hg, respectively. The present results either represent first experimental data ("1"6"8Yb, "1"8"4Os, and "1"9"6Hg) or could be determined with significantly reduced uncertainties ("1"8"0W and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stability constants for uranium-tetracycline complexes were determined by the method of average number of ligands, the method of limiting values, the method of two parameters and the method of weighted least squares. Solvent extraction technique was used to obtain experimental data. (author). 10 refs.; 5 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

High-spin states in {sup 202}Pb and {sup 203}Pb have been investigated by in-beam {gamma}-ray spectroscopy following the reaction {sup 198}Pt({sup 9}Be,xn). A search for magnetic rotational bands in these isotopes confirmed one of the two bands previously assigned to {sup 202}Pb and revealed a new band in this isotope. No evidence for magnetic rotation has been found in {sup 203}Pb. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The volume contains reports on plant technology, on systems organisation with the aim to minimize the risk (human error), on the problem of seismic risk, on core-disruptive accidents and on accident consequence models with different release categories and a comparison of the potential damage incurred. Mr. Webb; one of the authors, attempts to disprove the objections to his two earliest SNR statements by experts of Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Centre. (AK).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the past 3 years, progress was made in elucidating the excited state structures of Pt(diimine)(dithiolate) complexes, while more recent efforts focused on the photochemistry of these complexes and electronic structure of other dithiolate systems. A carbonyl-Ir-maleonitrile dithiolate complex is also studied.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The rapid corrosion of carbon steels in high temperature, acid chloride solutions is shown to be rate limited by the anodic reaction, 3Fe + 4H_2O = Fe_3O_4 + 8H"+ + 8e"-, based on experiments which find that the corrosion rate in 0.1M NiCl_2 solution has an activation energy of 60 kJ/ mole and is unaffected by adding NaCl or by replacing NiCl_2 with PtCl_4. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In a theory where the local observables are determined by local field algebras as the fixed points under a (a priori noncommutative) group of gauge transformations of the first kind, we show that, if the field algebras possess intermediate type I factors, we can construct observables having the meaning of local charge measurements, and local current algebras in the field algebras.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The formation of astatide-mercury complexes was investigated in aqueous solutions.The obtained complexes were examined by paper electrophoresis. It was found that Hg(OH)At and Hg(OH)I complexes were formed in neutral solution. The stability constants of the obtained complexes were determined by ion-exchange. The preliminary results indicate that the complex of mercury with astatide is much more stable than similar complexes with iodide. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A research report presents the basic data required when designing a building with minimal environmental impacts. Topics covered include the energy consumption of building elements during their lifetime, the environmental implications linked to the extraction and processing of building material and the energy consumed in buildings by the occupants. (UK)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The electrochemical oxidation as a method to destroy drug residues like Aspirin {sup trademark}, tetracycline or gentamicin in water was investigated with C-Anode (modified by manganese oxides) and Pt Anode. The mechanism of Aspirin {sup trademark} and tetracycline oxidation and the influence of the biocide effect was observed using GC-MS and three different microbiological tests. In general the biological availability increases with progressive oxidation of the antibiotics. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE) plays a major role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of PHWRs which are the mainstay of India's nuclear power programme. An important in-service inspection (ISI) requirement in these reactors is carried out through Eddy Current Testing (ECT) of the pressure tube (PT)/calandria tube (CT) assemblies. The material of construction of these assemblies is zircaloy-2. The two main objectives of this ISI are the detection of garter spring between CT and PT and the profiling of gap between CT and PT. The paper discusses the work carried out at the authors' laboratory on the development of ECT probes for ISI of PT/CT assemblies. Emphasis has been given on the work done on the design and optimisation of the probes using computer modeling. A 2-D finite element code has been developed for this purpose. The code is developed around a diffusion equation which can be derived ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An interface-marker technique has been used to investigate the relative rates of diffusion of Si and of metal atoms during the growth of metal silicide films. The technique enables recognition of a reference plane in thin film diffusion using Rutherford backscattering, while minimizing any perturbation of the diffusion process. Examples are drawn from studies of the growth of silicides of W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Pd and Pt. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A stochastic-convective reactive (SCR) transport method is developed for one-dimensional steady transport in physically heterogeneous media with nonlinear degradation. The method is free of perturbation amplitude limitations and circumvents the difficulty of scale dependence of phenomenological parameters by avoiding volume-averaged specifications of diffusive/dispersive fluxes. The transport system is conceptualized as an ensemble of independent convective-reactive streamlines, each characterized by a randomized convective velocity (or travel time). Dispersive effects are treated as a component of the randomness in the streamline velocity ensemble, so no explicit expression for hydrodynamic dispersive flux is written in the streamline transport equation. The expected value of the transport over the stream tube ensemble is obtained as an average of solutions to the reactive ...