raav gene transfer: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

S1 nuclease analysis of #alpha#-globin gene expression in preleukemic patients with acquired hemoglobin H disease after transfer to mouse erythroleukemia cells

The low in vivo transduction efficiency of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) and the undesirably strong immunogenicity of adenovirus (rAdv) have limited their clinical utilization in cancer gene therapy. We have previously demonstrated that intratumoral injection of rAAV expressing a C-terminal polypeptide of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (rAAV-hTERTC27) effectively inhibits the growth of glioblastoma xenografts in nude mice. To further improve its efficacy, we combined rAAV-hTERTC27 with rAdv and investigated the efficiency of the cocktail vectors in vivo. At a nontherapeutic dose (1 x 10(8) plaque-forming units (PFUs)), rAdv-null and rAdv-hTERTC27 were equipotent in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of rAAV-hTERTC27 (1.5 x 10(11) v.g.), and complete tumor regression was achieved in 25% of the treated animals. Importantly, the combination of rAAV-hTERTC27 and a therapeutic dose (2.5 x 10(9) PFU) of ...

2008-06-06

4

Low cytotoxicity effect of dendrosome as an efficient carrier for rotavirus VP2 gene transferring into a human lung cell line

The loss of #alpha#-globin gene transcriptional activity rarely occurs as an acquired abnormality during the evolution of myeloproliferative disease or preleukemia. To test whether the mutation responsible for the loss of #alpha#-globin gene expression (hemoglobin H disease) in these patients is linked with the #alpha#-globin genes on chromosome 16, the authors transferred chromosome 16 from preleukemic patients with acquired hemoglobin H disease to mouse erythroleukemia cells and measured the transcriptional activity of the human #alpha#-globin genes. After transfer to mouse erythroleukemia cells, the expression of human #alpha#-globin genes from the peripheral blood or marrow cells of preleukemic patients with acquired hemoglobin H disease was similar to that of human #alpha#-globin genes ...

5

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The efficiency of dendrosome (a gene porter) was assessed in transferring recombinant human rotavirus VP2 cDNA into A549, a human lung cell line. After gene transferring, transmission electron microscopy showed core-like particles (CLPs) formation in the transfected cells both with dendrosome and lipofectamine porters. In addition, western blotting analysis showed that the expression of VP2 gene was almost equal in the dendrosome and lipofectamine-transfected cells. Also, the cytotoxicity studies revealed that dendrosome had a lower cytotoxicity than lipofectamine. Therefore, our study may introduce dendrosome as a possible carrier for gene transferring into the human lung cell line, especially, for intranasally administration of DNA vaccines.

2009-01-01

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Gene Signature For Predicting Survival Outcome Of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) - Technology Transfer Center

Recent Advances in Lentiviral Vector Development and Applications

The National Cancer Institute Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis is seeking statements of capability or interest from parties interested in collaborative research to further develop, evaluate, or commercialize a gene signature for prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients.

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Evaluating Phylogenetic Congruence in the Post-Genomic Era

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have emerged as potent and versatile vectors for ex vivo or in vivo gene transfer into dividing and nondividing cells. Robust phenotypic correction...Full Text Available

2010-03-01

8

Intra- and Interspecies Conjugal Transfer of Tn916-Like Elements from Lactococcus lactis In Vitro and In Vivo?

Congruence is a broadly applied notion in evolutionary biology used to justify multigene phylogeny or phylogenomics, as well as in studies of coevolution, lateral gene transfer, and as evidence for...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

9

Transfer of Plasmid-Mediated CTX-M-9 from Salmonella enterica Serotype Virchow to Enterobacteriaceae in Human Flora-Associated Rats Treated with Cefixime?

Tetracycline-resistant Lactococcus lactis strains originally isolated from Polish raw milk were analyzed for the ability to transfer their antibiotic resistance genes in vitro, using...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

10

Frequency of conjugative transfer of plasmid-encoded ISEcp1 - bla_CTX-M-15and aac(6')-lb-cr genes in Enterobacteriaceae at a tertiary care center in Lebanon - role of transferases

Food animals are a potential source of CTX-M resistance genes for humans. We evaluated the transfer of the bla_CTX-M-9 gene from an animal strain of Salmonella enterica...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

11

Organization of lin Genes and IS6100 among Different Strains of Hexachlorocyclohexane-Degrading Sphingomonas paucimobilis: Evidence for Horizontal Gene Transfer

BackgroundThe frequency of transfer of genes encoding resistance to antimicrobial agents was determined by conjugation in ESBL-producing and/or fluoroquinolone or aminoglycoside...Full Text Available

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A unique horizontal gene transfer event has provided the octocoral mitochondrial genome with an active mismatch repair gene that has potential for an unusual self-contained function

The organization of lin genes and IS6100 was studied in three strains of Sphingomonas paucimobilis (B90A, Sp+, and UT26) which degraded hexachlorocyclohexane...Full Text Available

2004-04-01

13

Simultaneous expression of different transgenes in neurons and glia by combining in utero electroporation with the Tol2 transposon-mediated gene transfer system

BackgroundThe mitochondrial genome of the Octocorallia has several characteristics atypical for metazoans, including a novel gene suggested to function in DNA repair. This mtMutS...Full Text Available

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Real-time monitoring of circadian clock oscillations in primary cultures of mammalian cells using Tol2 transposon-mediated gene transfer strategy

In utero electroporation is widely used to study neuronal development and function by introducing plasmid DNA into neural progenitors during embryogenesis. This is an effective and...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

15

Phylogenetic inference in Rafflesiales: the influence of rate heterogeneity and horizontal gene transfer

BackgroundThe circadian rhythm in mammals is orchestrated by a central pacemaker in the brain, but most peripheral tissues contain their own intrinsic circadian oscillators. The...Full Text Available

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Multidrug resistant Kluyvera ascorbata septicemia in an adult patient: a case report

BackgroundThe phylogenetic relationships among the holoparasites of Rafflesiales have remained enigmatic for over a century. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies using the mitochondrial...Full Text Available

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beta-Lactamases among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-resistant Salmonella from poultry, poultry products and human patients in The Netherlands

IntroductionKluyvera ascorbata has become increasingly significant due to its potential to cause a wide range of infections, as well as its ability to transfer gene...Full Text Available

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Mobilization of the genetically engineered plasmid pHSV106 from Escherichia coli HB101(pHSV106) to Enterobacter cloacae in drinking water.

Objectives: The purpose of this work was to study the genetic determinants responsible for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) resistance of Salmonella isolated from Dutch poultry, poultry meat and hospitalized humans. Methods: Thirty-four ESBL-resistant Salmonella isolates from The Netherlands were tested towards 21 antimicrobial agents. PCR and sequencing were used to determine the underlying genetic determinants responsible for the ESBL phenotypes. The transferability of the ESBL phenotypes was tested by conjugation to a susceptible Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin and plasmid purification, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were employed to further characterize a subset of the isolates. Results: A great genetic diversity was seen among the isolates. The bla(TEM-52) gene was most predominant and was found among Salmonella enterica serovars Blockley, Thomson, London, Enteritidis ...

2005-01-01

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Enhanced ?₂-adrenergic receptor (?₂AR) signaling by adeno-associated viral (AAV)-mediated gene transfer

We have used triparental matings to demonstrate transfer (mobilization) of the nonconjugative genetically engineered plasmid pHSV106, which contains the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus...Full Text Available

1991-01-01

20

DNase-resistant transfer of chromosomal cat and tet insertions by filter mating in pneumococcus

Backgroundβ₂-Adrenergic receptors (β₂AR) play important regulatory roles in a variety of cells and organ systems and are important therapeutic...Full Text Available

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Fiscal 1998 industrial science and technology R and D project. Research report on R and D of genome informatics technology (Development of stable oil supply measures using complex biosystem); 1998 nendo genome informatics gijutsu kenkyu kaihtsu seika hokokusho. Fukugo seibutsukei riyo sekiyu antei kyokyu taisaku kaihatsu

Genes for chloramphenicol resistance, Cm(r) and tetracycline resistance, Tc(r), which are present as heterologous insertions in the chromosomes of some clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and derivative strains, were transferred at a low frequency to other pneumococci by a DNase-resistant filter mating process that resembles conjugation. Cotransfer of Cm(r) and Tc(r) was the most common event. Neither the donor strains nor the transconjugants contained detectable plasmids. Transconjugants acted as donors for transformation and for filter mating and had properties similar to those of the parent strain. The presence of the conjugative plasmid pIP501 in the donor did not appear to influence the transfer properties of the Cm(r) or Tc(r) determinants.

1980-01-01

22

Unraveling photosystems. Final technical report

This report describes the fiscal 1998 result on development of genome informatics technology. As comparative analysis technique of genes, the combination of electrophoresis and PCR was used. For improvement of the throughput and reproducibility of the technique, module- shuffling primers were used, and the multi(96)-arrayed capillary fragment analyzer was devised. The system detecting SNPs rapidly was also developed successfully. As analysis technology of DNA sequence by use of triple- stranded DNA formation, study was made on construction of long cDNA libraries, selective subtraction of specific sequences from libraries, and the basic technology of homologous cloning. Study was also made on each reaction step of IGCR technique for fast analysis, and specifications of a fluorescence transfer monitor. As modeling technique of genetic sequence information, the simulation model was developed for gene expression regulatory ...

1999-03-01

23

Tuning and controlling gene expression noise in synthetic gene networks

This report highlights four main points. (1) A residue substitution in phosphoribulokinase of Synechocystis PCC 6803 renders the mutant light-sensitive. The authors isolated a light-sensitive mutant (BRLS) of the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 that does not survive exposure to bright light; 70% of BRLS cells die upon exposure to light of > 3000 lux for 2 hr. (2) Excitation energy transfer from phycocyanin to chlorophyll in an apcA-defective mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. A greenish mutant of the normally bule-green cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PC 6803, designated UV6p, was isolated and characterized. UV6p possesses functional photosystems I and II but lacks normal light harvesting phycobilisomes because allophycocyanin is absent and core-specific linker proteins are almost entirely absent. (3) Deletion of the psbG1 gene of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 leads to the activation of the cryptic psbG2 ...

1997-09-01

24

AEC syndrome - Genetics Home Reference

Synthetic gene networks can be used to control gene expression and cellular phenotypes in a variety of applications. In many instances, however, such networks can behave unreliably due to gene expression...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

25

tA Single Amino Acid Difference Distinguishes Resistant and Susceptible Alleles of the Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pi-ta

What genes are related to AEC syndrome? AEC syndrome is caused by mutations in the TP63 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein known as p63, which plays an...

2011-10-15

26

Unraveling gene regulatory networks from time-resolved gene expression data -- a measures comparison study

The rice blast resistance (R) gene Pi-ta mediates gene-for-gene resistance against strains of the fungus Magnaporthe grisea that express avirulent...Full Text Available

2000-11-01

27

The ovalbumin gene family: complete sequence and structure of the Y gene.

BackgroundInferring regulatory interactions between genes from transcriptomics time-resolved data, yielding reverse engineered gene regulatory networks, is of paramount importance...Full Text Available

28

Duplication and Diversification of the Hypoxia-Inducible IGFBP-1 Gene in Zebrafish

The "ovalbumin Y" gene, one of three which constitute the ovalbumin gene family in chicken has been completely sequenced. The exact location of exons can be derived from the comparison with the ovalbumin...Full Text Available

1982-07-24

29

Detecting microRNA activity from gene expression data

BackgroundGene duplication is the primary force of new gene evolution. Deciphering whether a pair of duplicated genes has evolved divergent functions is often challenging. The zebrafish...Full Text Available

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Characterization of the functional gene and several processed pseudogenes in the human triosephosphate isomerase gene family.

BackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to the messenger RNA (mRNA) of protein coding genes. They control gene expression by either...Full Text Available

31

Characterization of Two New Genes, amoR and amoD, in the amo Operon of the Marine Ammonia Oxidizer Nitrosococcus oceani ATCC 19707?

The functional gene and three intronless pseudogenes for human triosephosphate isomerase were isolated from a recombinant DNA library and characterized in detail. The functional gene spans 3.5 kilobase...Full Text Available

1985-07-01

32

A statistical framework for modeling gene expression using chromatin features and application to modENCODE datasets

Molecular analysis of the amo gene cluster in Nitrosococcus oceani revealed that it consists of five genes, instead of the three known genes, amoCAB....Full Text Available

2008-01-01

33

A faster pedigree-based generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method for detecting gene-gene interactions

We develop a statistical framework to study the relationship between chromatin features and gene expression. This can be used to predict gene expression of protein coding genes, as well as microRNAs....Full Text Available

2011-01-01

34

Large Eddy Simulation for Heat Transfer Prediction in a Gas ...

We proposed a faster pedigree-based generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction algorithm, called PedG-MDR II (PII), to detect gene-gene interactions underlying complex traits. Inherited...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

35

Heat Transfer Augmentation by Longitudinal Vortices Rows

... turbine blade heat-transfer and study the heat-transfer augmentation in idealized geometry and its ... responsible for heat transfer augmentation. ...

2007-03-30

36

Functional characterization of a CCCH type zinc-finger protein gene OsZF2 by ectopic overexpression of the gene in rice

Not Available

1993-01-01

37

Genetic organization of Bungarus multicinctus protease inhibitor-like proteins.

Full Text Available

2009-03-01

38

Loss of PINK1 function decreases PP2A activity and promotes autophagy in dopaminergic cells and a murine model

The structural organization of the genes encoding Bungarus multicinctus protease inhibitor-like proteins (PILPs), PILP-1, PILP-2 and PILP-3, are reported in this study. Unlike PILP-2 and PILP-3, recombinant PILP-1 exhibited inhibitory activity on trypsin. PILP genes and B chain genes shared identical organization with three exons interrupted by two introns in similar positions. On the contrary, intron 1 of these genes had a similar size, a notable variation with the size of intron 2 was observed. It was found that two regions at the second intron of B1 chain and B2 chain genes were absent in that of PILP genes. Noticeably, intronic insertion in the second intron of B chain genes appeared in the promoter region of PILP-1 gene, but not in that of PILP-2 and PILP-3 genes. Comparative analyses of PILP ...

2008-03-27

39

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. Mutations in PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) are a frequent cause of recessive PD. Autophagy, a pathway for clearance of protein aggregates or impaired organelles, is a newly identified mechanism for PD development. However, it is still unclear what molecules regulate autophagy in PINK1-silenced cells. Here we report that autophagosome formation is promoted in the early phase in response to PINK1 gene silencing by lentivirus transfer vectors expressed in mouse striatum. Reduced PP2A activity and increased phosphorylation of PP2A at Y307 (inactive form of PP2A) were observed in PINK1-knockdown dopaminergic cells and striatum tissues. Treatment with C2-ceramide (an agonist of PP2A) reduced autophagy levels in PINK...

2011-01-01

40

Bacterial competition between a bacteriocin-producing and a bacteriocin-negative strain of Streptococcus bovis in batch and continuous culture:

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract A bacteriocin-producing Streptococcus bovis strain (HC5) outcompeted a sensitive strain (JB1) before it reached stationary phase (pH 6.4), even though it grew 10% slower and cell-free bovicin HC5 could not yet be detected. The success of bacteriocin-negative S. bovis isolates was enhanced by the presence of another sensitive bacterium (Clostridium sticklandii SR). PCR based on repetitive DNA sequences indicated that S. bovis HC5 was not simply transferring bacteriocin genes to S. bovis JB1. When the two S. bovis strains were coinoculated into minimal medium, bacteriocin-negative isolates predominated, and this effect could be explained by the longer lag time (0.5 vs. 1.5 h) of S. bovis HC5. If the glucose concentration of the minimal medium was increased from 2 to 7 mg mL-1, the e...

2006-01-01

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41

A novel drug and gene co-delivery system based on Poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) grafted polyethyleneimine micelle.

piggyBac Transposon-mediated Long-term Gene Expression in Mice

In this paper, we prepared a novel cationic self-assembled micelle from poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-poly(ethyl glycol)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) grafted polyethyleneimine (PCEC-g-PEI). The PCEC-g-PEI micelles, formed by self-assembly method, had mean particle size of ca. 82 nm and zeta potential of +22.5 mV at 37 degrees C, and could efficiently transfer pGFP into HEK293 cells in vitro. Meanwhile, as a model hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drug, honokiol was loaded into PCEC-g-PEI micelles by direct dissolution method assisted by ultrasonication. The honokiol loaded cationic PCEC-g-PEI micelles could effectively adsorb DNA onto its surface, while it could release honokiol in an extended period in vitro. This study demonstrated a novel DNA and hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drug co-delivery system. PMID:21121283

2010-12-01

42

Viruses with More Than 1,000 Genes: Mamavirus, a New Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus Strain, and Reannotation of Mimivirus Genes

Transposons are promising systems for somatic gene integration because they can not only integrate exogenous genes efficiently, but also be delivered to a variety of organs using a range of transfection...Full Text Available

2010-04-01

43

The rapid generation of chimerical genes expanding protein diversity in zebrafish

The genome sequence of the Mamavirus, a new Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus strain, is reported. With 1,191,693 nt in length and 1,023 predicted protein-coding genes, the Mamavirus...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

44

The luxS Gene of Streptococcus pyogenes Regulates Expression of Genes That Affect Internalization by Epithelial Cells

BackgroundVariation of gene number among species indicates that there is a general process of new gene origination. One of the major mechanism providing raw materials for the origin...Full Text Available

45

The Interaction between AID and CIB1 Is Nonessential for Antibody Gene Diversification by Gene Conversion or Class Switch Recombination

The gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes was recently reported to possess a homologue of the luxS gene that is responsible for the production of autoinducer...Full Text Available

2003-10-01

46

Specific genetic modifications of domestic animals by gene targeting and animal cloning

Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation, gene conversion and class switch recombination by deaminating variable and switch region DNA cytidines to uridines. AID is predominantly...Full Text Available

47

Robust consensus clustering for identification of expressed genes linked to malignancy of human colorectal carcinoma

The technology of gene targeting through homologous recombination has been extremely useful for elucidating gene functions in mice. The application of this technology was thought impossible in the large...Full Text Available

48

Reverse Engineering of Gene Regulatory Networks: A Comparative Study

Previous studies have been conducted in gene expression profiling to identify groups of genes that characterize the colorectal carcinoma disease. Despite the success of previous attempts to identify...Full Text Available

49

Recurrent miscarriage and variant alleles of mannose binding lectin, tumour necrosis factor and lymphotoxin ? genes

Reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks has been an intensively studied topic in bioinformatics since it constitutes an intermediate step from explorative to causative gene expression...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

50

Rare Homologous Gene Targeting in Histoplasma capsulatum: Disruption of the URA5_Hc Gene by Allelic Replacement

Variant alleles of the mannose binding lectin (MBL) gene are associated with increased susceptibility to infection and polymorphisms of tumour necrosis factor and lymphotoxin alpha genes (TNF, LTA)...Full Text Available

2001-12-01

51

Primary structure and regulation of vegetative specific genes of Dictyostelium discoideum.

URA5 genes encode orotidine-5′-monophosphate pyrophosphorylase (OMPpase), an enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis. We cloned the Histoplasma capsulatum URA5...Full Text Available

1998-10-01

52

Prediction of breast cancer prognosis using gene set statistics provides signature stability and biological context

We have examined the expression and structure of several genes belonging to two classes of vegetative specific genes of the simple eukaryote, Dictyostelium discoideum. In amebae grown on bacteria, deactivation...Full Text Available

1989-12-11

53

PET imaging of heat-inducible suicide gene expression in mice bearing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenografts

BackgroundDifferent microarray studies have compiled gene lists for predicting outcomes of a range of treatments and diseases. These have produced gene lists that have little overlap,...Full Text Available

54

Neuronatin: A New Inflammation Gene Expressed on the Aortic Endothelium of Diabetic Mice

The ability to achieve tumor selective expression of therapeutic genes is an area that needs improvement for cancer gene therapy to be successful. One approach to address this is through the...Full Text Available

2009-02-01

55

Mutational analysis of bacteriophage lambda lysis gene S.

OBJECTIVE—Identification of arterial genes and pathways altered in obesity and diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Aortic gene expression profiles of...Full Text Available

2008-10-01

56

GeneSrF and varSelRF: a web-based tool and R package for gene selection and classification using random forest

A plasmid carrying the bacteriophage lambda lysis genes under lac control was subjected to hydroxylamine mutagenesis, and mutations eliminating the host lethality of the S gene were selected. DNA sequence...Full Text Available

1986-09-01

57

Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions: new insights into the prevention, detection and management of coronary artery disease

BackgroundMicroarray data are often used for patient classification and gene selection. An appropriate tool for end users and biomedical researchers should combine user friendliness...Full Text Available

58

Gene-Environment Interactions and Epigenetic Basis of Human Diseases

Despite the recent success of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in identifying loci consistently associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), a large proportion of the genetic components of...Full Text Available

59

Gene expression analysis of interferon ? in laser capture microdissected cervical epithelium

Most human diseases are related in some way to the loss or gain in gene functions. Regulation of gene expression is a complex process. In addition to genetic mechanisms, epigenetic causes are...Full Text Available

2008-01-01

60

Evolution of DMY, a newly emergent male sex-determination gene of medaka fish.

Optimal sample handling techniques for tissue preparation and storage, RNA extraction and quantification, and target gene detection are crucial for reliable gene expression analysis. Methods...Full Text Available

2008-10-01

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61

EDISA: extracting biclusters from multiple time-series of gene expression profiles

The Japanese medaka fish Oryzias latipes has an XX/XY sex-determination system. The Y-linked sex-determination gene DMY is a duplicate of the autosomal gene DMRT1, which encodes a DM-domain-containing...Full Text Available

2004-04-01

62

Differentially regulated malate synthase genes participate in carbon and nitrogen metabolism of S. cerevisiae.

BackgroundCells dynamically adapt their gene expression patterns in response to various stimuli. This response is orchestrated into a number of gene expression modules consisting...Full Text Available

63

Antisense Expression of the CK2 ?-Subunit Gene in Arabidopsis. Effects on Light-Regulated Gene Expression and Plant Growth1

We have isolated a second gene (MLS1), which in addition to DAL7, encodes malate synthase from S. cerevisiae. Expression of the two genes is specific for their physiological roles in carbon and nitrogen...Full Text Available

1992-11-11

64

Analysis of the bmp Gene Family in Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato

The protein kinase CK2 (formerly casein kinase II) is thought to be involved in light-regulated gene expression in plants because...Full Text Available

1999-03-01

65

An Efficient Fungal RNA-Silencing System Using the DsRed Reporter Gene?

BmpA, BmpB, BmpC, and BmpD are homologous Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins of unknown functions, encoded by the bmp genes of paralogous chromosomal gene family 36....Full Text Available

2000-04-01

66

Conjugate Heat Transfer Predictions of a Combustor ...

In filamentous fungi, RNA silencing is an attractive alternative to disruption experiments for the functional analysis of genes. We adapted the gene encoding the autofluorescent DsRed protein as a reporter...Full Text Available

2007-02-01

67

Augmentation of heat and mass transfer

... To maximise heat transfer rates, many heatshield designs make use of heat transfer augmentation devices such as large numbers of pin-fin ...

2003-03-01

68

takeout, a Novel Drosophila Gene under Circadian Clock Transcriptional Regulation

This is the first text and reference book to be devoted completely to the very important and timely subject of heat transfer augmentation. This book is of equal appeal to both researchers and designers of heat transfer equipment.

1986-01-01

69

The early phase change Gene in Maize

We report the identification and characterization of a new Drosophila clock-regulated gene, takeout (to). to is a member of a novel...Full Text Available

2000-09-01

70

Stochastic gene expression and its consequences

Recessive mutations of the early phase change (epc) gene in maize affect several aspects of plant development. These mutations were identified initially because of...Full Text Available

2002-01-01

71

Ras activation of genes: Mob-1 as a model.

Gene expression is a fundamentally stochastic process, with randomness in transcription and translation leading to significant cell-to-cell variations in mRNA and protein levels. This variation...Full Text Available

2008-10-17

72

Mutations in RNA Binding Protein Gene Cause Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy

The ras oncogenes function by indirectly controlling expression of a subset of yet-undefined genes that are crucial for cell growth and differentiation. In a differential display strategy, numerous...Full Text Available

1994-12-20

73

Mutation frequency in hprt gene in children accidentally exposed to ionizing radiations; Frequencia de mutacao no gene hprt em criancas acidentalmente expostas as radiacoes ionizantes

ObjectivesWe sought to identify a novel gene for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).BackgroundDCM is a heritable, genetically...Full Text Available

2009-09-01

74

Molecular cloning and analysis of lymphokines. Volume 13

No abstract prepared

1995-09-01

75

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Three Novel Lysozyme-Like Genes, Predominantly Expressed in the Male ...

These proceedings collect papers on the subject of lymphokines. Topics include: DNA-cloning of mouse and human lymphokine genes, inteferons, interleukins, gene expression, tumor necrosis factors, and recombinant DNA.

1987-01-01

76

Hormonal Control of Cell Proliferation Requires PASTICCINO Genes

... 041889 Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Three Novel Lysozyme-Like Genes, Predominantly Expressed in the Male Reproducti...

77

Gpnmb is a Melanoblast-Expressed, MITF-Dependent Gene

PASTICCINO (PAS) genes are required for coordinated cell division and differentiation during plant development. In loss-of-function pas mutants,...Full Text Available

2003-07-01

78

Genomics of human longevity

SUMMARYExpression profile analysis clusters Gpnmb with known pigment genes, Tyrp1, Dct, and Si. During development,...Full Text Available

2009-02-01

79

Gene therapy for ocular diseases

In animal models, single-gene mutations in genes involved in insulin/IGF and target of rapamycin signalling pathways extend lifespan to a considerable extent. The genetic, genomic and epigenetic influences...Full Text Available

2011-01-12

80

Cloning of the neurodegeneration gene drop-dead and characterization of additional phenotypes of its mutation

The eye is an easily accessible, highly compartmentalised and immune-privileged organ that offers unique advantages as a gene therapy target. Significant advancements have been made in understanding...Full Text Available

2011-05-01

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81

Cis-regulatory mutations in human disease

Mutations in the Drosophila gene drop-dead (drd) result in early adult lethality and neurodegeneration, but the molecular identity of the drd...Full Text Available

2008-01-01

82

Analysis of gene TP53 in samples of ocular epithelium in patients with senile cataract; Analise do gene TP53 em amostras de epitelio ocular obtidas de pacientes com catarata senil

Cis-acting regulatory sequences are required for the proper temporal and spatial control of gene expression. Variation in gene expression is highly heritable and a significant determinant...Full Text Available

2009-07-01

83

Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Augmentation of Viscous Flow in Corrugated Channels

No abstract prepared.

2000-09-01

84

Heat transfer augmentation in channels with porous copper inserts.

Not Available

2000-10-01

85

ASME proceedings of the 31. national heat transfer conference: Volume 2. HTD-Volume 324

No abstract prepared.

1998-05-19

86

Safe Type of Transference for Spent Fuel

This volume is divided into the following sections: (1) fundamentals of convection heat transfer; (2) fundamentals of heat transfer with impinging jets; and (3) fundamentals of heat transfer augmentation. Separate abstracts were prepared for most papers in this volume.

1996-12-31

87

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Safe Transference of Spent Fuel Assemblies from Near-Reactor Storage Pools to Long-term "Dry" Storage

88

Cryogenic liquid transfer termination apparatus

Synthesis and cloning of the genes of antisense peptides of human calcitonin and miniproinsulin

Apparatus for termination of cryogenic liquid transfer from a liquid supply container to a storage-dispensing container is disclosed.

89

SIMPLE METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY INHIBITING FUNCTION OF MULTIPLE GENE IN NEMATODE

With the aim of an experimental check on the validity of the theory of molecular recognition, the authors have carried out the chemical-enzymatic synthesis and cloning of the gene of human calcitonin and also of the genes of antisense polypeptides to human calcitonin and miniproinsulin. It has been shown that recombinant plasmids obtained on the basis of these synthetic genes are capable of ensuring the biosynthesis of the given polypeptides in E. coli cells as hybrid proteins with the IgG-binding domain of staphylococcal protein A.

1994-07-20

90

J-STORE (Japan)

Full Text Available

2009-10-09

91

Promoter Structure Which Affects on the Expression of Yeast MGMT Gene

Nucleotide sequence and genetic analysis of a 13.1-kilobase-pair Pseudomonas denitrificans DNA fragment containing five cob genes and identification of structural genes encoding Cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase, cobyric acid synthase, and bifunctional cobinamide kinase-cobinamide phosphate guanylyltransferase.

Full Text Available

1997-01-01

92

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Yew Gene Encoding Squalene Synthase from Taxus cuspidata

A 13.1-kb DNA fragment carrying Pseudomonas denitrificans cob genes has been sequenced. The nucleotide sequence and genetic analysis revealed that this fragment contained five different cob genes named...Full Text Available

1991-10-01

93

Investigation of the Association between Normal-tension Glaucoma and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Natriuretic Peptide Gene

Full Text Available

2007-09-01

94

Investigation of Coat Color Candidate Genes in Korean Cattle(Hanwoo)

Full Text Available

95

Immunohistochemical expression of p63 in human prenatal tooth primordia

Full Text Available

2007-12-01

96

Hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides

development, histochemical, human, malformation, p63 gene, tooth

2005-01-01

97

Highly efficient gene silencing using perfect complementary artificial miRNA targeting AP1 or heteromeric artificial miRNA targeting AP1 and CAL genes

Procedures are described for the use of synthetic oligonucleotides for Southern blot experiments and gene bank screening, and the effect of various mismatches on the efficiency of hybridization is demonstrated. The following topics are discussed: sensitivity vs. specificity, hybridization of a 12-mer to the lambda endolysin gene; hybridization of oligonucleotide probes to the E. coli lac operator; hybridization of synthetic probes to the CYC1 gene of yeast; and cloning eucaryotic genes. (HLW)

1978-01-01

98

Genomic sequence for human prointerleukin 1 beta: possible evolution from a reverse transcribed prointerleukin 1 alpha gene.

Gene silencing is a useful technique for elucidating biological function of genes by knocking down their expression. A recently developed artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) exploits an endogenous...Full Text Available

2009-03-01

99

GENE EXPRESSION VECTOR USING INSULATOR ORIGINATED FROM SEA URCHIN

We have isolated the human prointerleukin 1 (proIL-1) beta gene from leukocyte and fetal liver libraries. The nucleotide sequence and its gene organization reveals that the proIL-1 beta gene is composed...Full Text Available

1986-10-24

100

J-STORE (Japan)

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2010-03-05

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101

Delineation of the ADULT syndrome phenotype due to arginine 298 mutations of the p63 gene

DNA, Genes and Chromosomes

Udgivelsesdato: 2006/8

2006-01-01

102

Construction of the Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster Expressing a Human Megsin Gene.

Today you will learn about the parts of DNA and what DNA, genes and chromosomes are. Today you will learn what DNA, genes and chromosomes are and the parts of the DNA molecule. Look at all of the websites, take whatever notes you need to. At the end of the assignment, be able to describle DNA, the parts of DNA, genes and chromosomes. Covers Biology Core Curriculum, ...

2007-11-07

103

Construction and Verification of Useful Vectors for Ectopic Expression and Suppression of Plant Genes.

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2007-05-01

104

Cell Cycle-dependent Expression of Chitin Synthase Genes in Aspergillus nidulans

Full Text Available

2009-06-01

105

Analysis of the Relationship between MHC-DRB1 Gene Polymorphism and Hydatidosis in Kazakh Sheep

Full Text Available

2001-03-01

106

Literature and patent searches on the subject of controllable heat transfer. Final report. Literatur- und Patentrecherche zum Thema Schaltbarer Waermedurchgang. Abschlussbericht

Full Text Available

2010-09-01

107

Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and chromosomal localization of the human pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) gene

The possibility of switching the heat transfer consists of varying heat transfer surfaces and making the heat transfer temporarily more intensive. Heat tubes prove to be particularly suitable, which must be exposed to a heat carrier fluid or removed from its effect for switching the heat transfer. This report gives a survey of the possibilities of switching heat flows and for making the heat transfer more intensive. Further, the report contains a survey of patents limited to heat transfer in the fields of cooling internal combustion engines and exhaust systems. (orig.) With 17 figs., 183 refs.

1989-01-01

108

Transfer of chemical elements to breast milk

Pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) is a secretory pancreatic protein present in small amounts in normal pancreas and overexpressed during the acute phase of pancreatitis. In this paper, the authors describe the cloning, characterization, and chromosomal mapping of the human PAP gene. The gene spans 2748 bp and contains six exons interrupted by five introns. The gene has a typical promoter containing the sequences TATAAA and CCAAT 28 and 52 bp upstream of the cap site, respectively. They found striking similarities in genomic organization as well as in the promoter sequences between the human and rat PAP genes. The human PAP gene was mapped to chromosome 2p12 using rodent-human hybrid cells and in situ chromosomal hybridization. This localization coincides with that of the reg/lithostathine gene, which encodes a pancreatic secretory protein structurally ...

1994-01-01

109

Technetium transfer from soil to plants

The project is intended to yield information on the transfer factors describing the transfer of ingested radionuclides to breast milk for the following elements: antimony, cerium, chromium, cobalt, gallium, lanthanum, molybdenum, niobium, radium, ruthenium, silver, thorium, titanium, and uranium. Those yet unknown or poorly known transfer factors are required in order to be able to develop a reliable model for description and assessment of the transfer of the radionuclides and the possibly resulting hazardous doses to infants, and for subsequent formulation of recommendations for radiological protection of the population. (orig./CB)

1999-08-01

110

Heat transfer augmentation in rod bundles near grid spacers

Technetium transfer from soil to edible parts of various agricultural plants is studied with application of the "9"5"mTc radioactive tracer. The samples of agricultural plants were grown on andesol typical for Japan soil. The technetium transfer factor to edible parts of cultivated lettuce was higher as compared to non foliate cultures. Relative low transfer factor were observed for fruit and pod like plants. the transfer factors for root crops were of intermediate value

111

Convective heat transfer in annular flow

Heat transfer augmentation by straight grid spacers in rod bundles is studied for single phase flow and for post critical heat flux dispersed flow. The heat transfer effect of swirling grid spacers in single phase flow is also examined. Governing heat transfer mechanisms are analyzed, and predictive formulations are established. For single phase flow, the local heat transfer at a straight spacer and at its upstream or downstream locations are treated separately. 18 refs.

1980-01-01

112

Advances in enhanced heat transfer: 1987

Several aspects of heat transfer at the annular two phase flow regime are considered. Nucleate boiling is supposed to be absent. Theoretical solutions for cases of laminar and turbulent flow in the liquid film, respectively, are considered, when steam presence does not effect the heat transfer. Heat transfer in annular flows is also considered, where steam phase consists totally or partially of the so-called incondensable gas. In this case steam phase can be a considerable resistance to heat transfer.

1980-01-01

113

Advances in enhanced heat transfer: 1987

This book contains nine selections. Some of the titles are: High Heat-Flux, Forced-Convection Heat Transfer for Tubes with Twisted-Tape Inserts; Heat Transfer Augmentation by Interrupted Surfaces - Experimental Consideration; Turbulent Flow Heat Transfer from Externally Roughened Tubes in Axial Flow in Concentric Pipe Heat Exchangers; and Heat Transfer Enhancement of Turbulent Flow in Pipes with an Internal Circular Rib.

1987-01-01

114

Comparative profiling of the transcriptional response to soybean cyst nematode infection of soybean roots by deep sequencing

This book contains nine selections. Some of the titles are: High Heat-Flux, Forced-Convection Heat Transfer for Tubes with Twisted-Tape Inserts; Heat Transfer Augmentation by Interrupted Surfaces - Experimental Consideration; Turbulent Flow Heat Transfer from Externally Roughened Tubes in Axial Flow in Concentric Pipe Heat Exchangers; and Heat Transfer Enhancement of Turbulent Flow in Pipes with an Internal Circular Rib.

1987-08-09

115

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

To gain insight into the changes in the transcriptome of soybean roots during soybean cyst nematode (SCN) infection, we conducted genome-wide gene expression profiling using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) combined with Solexa sequencing. More than 3 million tags were generated from the SCN-infected and uninfected roots, and 366941 and 314591 clean UniTags were obtained from SCN-infected and uninfected samples, respectively. In the SCN-infected sample, 48249 UniTags represented 18114 reference genes. In the uninfected control, 46290 UniTags represented 19323 reference genes. Comparison of tag frequencies identified 1405 genes that were expressed at greater levels in SCN-infected roots than in uninfected roots, and 1191 genes that were expressed at lower levels. Quantitative real-...

2011-01-01

116

Molecular characterization of the Spirometra mansonoides genome: renaturation kinetics, methylation, and hybridization to human cDNA probes.

Proton Transfer Reactivity of Large Multiply Charged Ions

High molecular weight DNA from pleroceroid larvae of the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides was purified from isolated nuclei by conventional techniques. The DNA so isolated has a melting temperature (Tm) of 87 degrees C and a guanine plus cytosine (G/C) content of 44%. 5-Methyl cytosine could not be detected in plerocercoid DNA by HPLC analysis of DNA hydrolysates, by radiolabeling 5'-termini of MspI digests with polynucleotide kinase, or by comparing restriction patterns generated by MspI and HpaII. Renaturation kinetics demonstrated that the genome of S. mansonoides contains repetitive as well as single copy sequences and has a genome size estimated at approx. 1.6 X 10(9) bp. Hybridization was carried out between plerocercoid DNA and cDNAs for human beta-actin, alpha-tubulin and growth hormone (hGH). Rationale for this analysis was based on known homologies among actin and tubulin genes in numerous species and on apparent similarities between hGH and a plerocercoid ...

1990-06-21

117

Using microarrays to identify positional candidate genes for QTL: the case study of ACTH response in pigs

Charge-charge interactions dramatically influence the dissociation and proton transfer reactivity of large multiply protonated ions. In combination with tandem mass spectrometry, proton transfer...Full Text Available

1996-08-01

118

Using Regulatory and Epistatic Networks to Extend the Findings of a Genome Scan: Identifying the Gene Drivers of Pigmentation in Merino Sheep

BackgroundMicroarray studies can supplement QTL studies by suggesting potential candidate genes in the QTL regions, which by themselves are too large to provide a limited selection...Full Text Available

119

Transposons for cancer gene discovery: Sleeping Beauty and beyond

Extending genome wide association analysis by the inclusion of gene expression data may assist in the dissection of complex traits. We examined piebald, a pigmentation phenotype in both human and Merino...Full Text Available

120

Transcriptome Profiling of a Toxic Dinoflagellate Reveals a Gene-Rich Protist and a Potential Impact on Gene Expression Due to Bacterial Presence

The use of Sleeping Beauty transposons as somatic mutagens to discover cancer genes in hematopoietic tumors and sarcomas has been documented. Here, we discuss the future of Sleeping...Full Text Available

2007-01-01

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121

Transcription induces strand-specific mutations at the 5? end of human genes

BackgroundDinoflagellates are unicellular, often photosynthetic protists that play a major role in the dynamics of the Earth's oceans and climate. Sequencing of dinoflagellate nuclear...Full Text Available

122

Trans-Species Polymorphism and Selection in the MHC Class II DRA Genes of Domestic Sheep

A regional analysis of nucleotide substitution rates along human genes and their flanking regions allows us to quantify the effect of mutational mechanisms associated with transcription in germ line...Full Text Available

2008-08-01

123

Tight linkage of glnA and a putative regulatory gene in Rhizobium leguminosarum.

Highly polymorphic genes with central roles in lymphocyte mediated immune surveillance are grouped together in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in higher vertebrates. Generally, across vertebrate...Full Text Available

124

The role of gene expression in ecological speciation

Rhizobium leguminosarum, biovar viceae, strain RCC1001 contains two glutamine synthetase activities, GSI and GSII. We report here the identification of glnA, the structural gene for GSI. A 2 kb fragment...Full Text Available

1987-03-11

125

The region encompassing the procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) gene promoter plays a role in plasmid DNA replication in Trypanosoma brucei.

Ecological speciation is the process by which barriers to gene flow between populations evolve due to adaptive divergence via natural selection. A relatively unexplored area in ecological speciation...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

126

The red-green visual pigment gene region in adrenoleukodystrophy.

We have previously reported the construction and characterization of an autonomously replicating plasmid in Trypanosoma brucei. In this plasmid the procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) gene promoter...Full Text Available

1994-10-11

127

The opiorphin gene (ProL1) and its homologues function in erectile physiology

Although recent data established that a specific very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase is defective in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), the ALD gene is still unidentified. The ALD locus has...Full Text Available

1990-03-01

128

The high Andes, gene flow and a stable hybrid zone shape the genetic structure of a wide-ranging South American parrot

OBJECTIVETo determine if ProL1, a member of the opiorphin family of genes, can modulate erectile physiology, as it encodes a peptide which acts as...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

129

The complexity of gene expression dynamics revealed by permutation entropy

BackgroundWhile the gene flow in some organisms is strongly affected by physical barriers and geographical distance, other highly mobile species are able to overcome such constraints....Full Text Available

130

The adenovirus-2 EIIa early gene promoter: sequences required for efficient in vitro and in vivo transcription.

BackgroundHigh complexity is considered a hallmark of living systems. Here we investigate the complexity of temporal gene expression patterns using the concept of Permutation Entropy...Full Text Available

131

The URE2 protein regulates nitrogen catabolic gene expression through the GATAA-containing UASNTR element in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A series of deletion mutants extending from -250 toward the capsite has been constructed in the early promoter region of the adenovirus 2 EIIa gene and tested both in vitro, and in vivo after transfection...Full Text Available

1983-10-25

132

The Characterisation of Three Types of Genes that Overlie Copy Number Variable Regions

Many of the gene products that participate in nitrogen metabolism are sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR), i.e., their expression is decreased to low levels when readily used nitrogen...Full Text Available

1994-12-01

133

Targeted gene transfection from microbubbles into vascular smooth muscle cells using focused, ultrasound-mediated delivery

BackgroundDue to the increased accuracy of Copy Number Variable region (CNV) break point mapping, it is now possible to say with a reasonable degree of confidence whether a gene...Full Text Available

134

Synthesis and degradation of dinoflagellate plastid-encoded psbA proteins are light-regulated, not circadian-regulated

We investigate a method for gene delivery to vascular smooth muscle cells using ultrasound triggered delivery of plasmid DNA from electrostatically coupled cationic microbubbles. Microbubbles...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

135

Species-specific microRNA roles elucidated following astrocyte activation

In many dinoflagellate species, the plastid genome has been proposed to exist as a limited number of single-gene minicircles, and many genes normally found in the plastid genome are nuclear-encoded....Full Text Available

2005-02-22

136

Sequence variants of the DFNB31 gene among Usher syndrome patients of diverse origin

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play a central role in regulation of gene expression by binding to target genes. Many miRNAs were associated with the function of the central nervous...Full Text Available

2011-05-01

137

SLC25A4 - solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine...

PurposeIt has been demonstrated that mutations in deafness, autosomal recessive 31 (DFNB31), the gene encoding whirlin, is responsible for nonsyndromic hearing loss...Full Text Available

138

Role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Bone Repair after Cyclic Fatigue Loading

The official name of this gene is "solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 4." SLC25A4 is the gene's official symbol. The...

2011-08-13

139

Regulation of the urea active transporter gene (DUR3) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

BackgroundCalcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that is abundant in the sensory neurons which innervate bone. The effects of CGRP on isolated bone cells have been...Full Text Available

140

Regulation of the brown and white fat gene programs through a PRDM16/CtBP transcriptional complex

The DUR3 gene, which encodes a component required for active transport of urea in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been isolated, and its sequence has been determined. The deduced DUR3 protein profile...Full Text Available

1993-08-01

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141

Recent Applications of DNA Microarray Technology to Toxicology and Ecotoxicology

Brown fat is a specialized tissue that can dissipate energy and counteract obesity through a pattern of gene expression that greatly increases mitochondrial content and uncoupled respiration. PRDM16...Full Text Available

2008-05-15

142

Rai1 duplication causes physical and behavioral phenotypes in a mouse model of dup(17)(p11.2p11.2)

Gene expression is a unique way of characterizing how cells and organisms adapt to changes in the external environment. The measurements of gene expression levels upon exposure to a chemical can be...Full Text Available

2006-01-01

143

PrognoScan: a new database for meta-analysis of the prognostic value of genes

Genomic disorders are conditions that result from DNA rearrangements, such as deletions or duplications. The identification of the dosage-sensitive gene(s) within the rearranged genomic interval is...Full Text Available

2006-11-01

144

Practical Applications of the Bioinformatics Toolbox for Narrowing Quantitative Trait Loci

BackgroundIn cancer research, the association between a gene and clinical outcome suggests the underlying etiology of the disease and consequently can motivate further studies. The...Full Text Available

145

Power of grammatical evolution neural networks to detect gene-gene interactions in the presence of error

Dissecting the genes involved in complex traits can be confounded by multiple factors, including extensive epistatic interactions among genes, the involvement of epigenetic regulators, and the variable...Full Text Available

2008-12-01

146

Polymorphisms in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene and the risk of primary lung cancer: a case-control study

BackgroundWith the advent of increasingly efficient means to obtain genetic information, a great insurgence of data has resulted, leading to the need for methods for analyzing this...Full Text Available

147

Polymorphic Regions Affecting Human Height Also Control Stature in Cattle

BackgroundPolymorphisms in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene may influence EGFR production and/or activity, thereby modulating susceptibility to lung...Full Text Available

148

PEG-conjugated PAMAM Dendrimers Mediate Efficient Intramuscular Gene Expression

Orthologous positions of 55 genes associated with height in four human populations were located on the bovine genome. Single nucleotide polymorphisms close to eight of these genes were significantly...Full Text Available

2011-03-01

149

Overexpression of bacterial ethylene-forming enzyme gene in Trichoderma reesei enhanced the production of ethylene

Generations 5 and 6 (G5 and G6) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers have been shown to be highly efficient nonviral carriers in in vitro gene delivery. However, their high toxicity...Full Text Available

150

Origins, evolution, and phenotypic impact of new genes

In order to efficiently utilize natural cellulose materials to produce ethylene, three expression vectors containing the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) gene from Pseudomonas...Full Text Available

151

On the spontaneous stochastic dynamics of a single gene: complexity of the molecular interplay at the promoter

Ever since the pre-molecular era, the birth of new genes with novel functions has been considered to be a major contributor to adaptive evolutionary innovation. Here, I review the origin and evolution...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

152

Nuclear Organization and Dynamics of 7SK RNA in Regulating Gene Expression

BackgroundGene promoters can be in various epigenetic states and undergo interactions with many molecules in a highly transient, probabilistic and combinatorial way, resulting in...Full Text Available

153

Neoplastic transformation of prostatic and urogenital epithelium by the polyoma virus middle T gene.

Noncoding RNAs play important roles in various aspects of gene regulation. We have identified 7SK RNA to be enriched in nuclear speckles or interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs), a subnuclear domain...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

154

Mutation analysis of the ferritin L-chain gene in age-related cataract

Male transgenic mice expressing the polyomavirus middle T (PyV-MT) gene exhibited growth and developmental abnormalities in prostatic and other urogenital epithelium. Expression of PyV-MT was directed...Full Text Available

1996-10-01

155

Multivariate analyses reveal common and drug specific genetic influences on responses to four drugs of abuse

PurposeTo investigate whether acquired somatic mutations in the iron response element of the ferritin L-chain gene account for the age-related cataract.MethodsThe...Full Text Available

156

Multiple Genes on Chromosome 7 Regulate Dopaminergic Amacrine Cell Number in the Mouse Retina

Vulnerability to abused drugs is influenced by multiple genes unique to each drug as well as to risk genes for polydrug abuse. If several inbred mouse strains respond to different drugs similarly,...Full Text Available

2008-11-01

157

Molecular cloning of the human homeobox gene goosecoid (GSC) and mapping of the gene to human chromosome 14q32. 1

PurposeThe size of neuronal populations is modulated by gene variants that influence cell production and survival, in turn influencing neuronal connectivity, function,...Full Text Available

2009-05-01

158

Molecular cloning and characterization of a hemolysin gene from Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae.

Goosecoid is a homeobox gene first isolated from a Xenopus dorsal lip cDNA library. Homologous genes have been isolated from mouse, zebrafish, and chick. In all species examined, the gene is expressed and plays an important role during the process of gastrulation in early embryonic development. The authors report here the cloning of the human goosecoid (GSC) from a genomic library and the sequence of its encoded protein. The genomic organization and protein sequence of the human gene are highly conserved with respect to those of its Xenopus and mouse counterparts: all three genes consist of three exons, with conserved exon-intron boundaries. The sequence of the homeo-domain is 100% conserved in most vertebrates. Using somatic cell hybrid and chromosomal in situ hybridization, the gene was mapped to chromosome 14q32.1. 30 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

1994-05-15

159

Linking Gene Expression and Functional Network Data in Human Heart Failure

This article describes the molecular cloning and expression of a hemolysin gene from a serotype 1 strain of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. The hemolysin was a thermolabile protein with an apparent...Full Text Available

1989-11-01

160

Leptin receptor gene expression and number in the brain are regulated by leptin level and nutritional status

BackgroundGene expression profiling and the analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks may support the identification of disease bio-markers and potential drug targets....Full Text Available

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161

Large-scale association analysis of TNF/LTA gene region polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes

Hormone potency depends on receptor availability, regulated via gene expression and receptor trafficking. To ascertain how central leptin receptors are regulated, the effects of leptin challenge, high-fat...Full Text Available

2009-07-15

162

Kinetic Complexity of the Global Response to Glucocorticoid Receptor Action

BackgroundThe TNF/LTA locus has been a long-standing T2D candidate gene. Several studies have examined association of TNF/LTA...Full Text Available

163

Insecticidal properties of genetically engineered baculoviruses expressing an insect juvenile hormone esterase gene.

We have characterized the kinetic response of gene targets throughout the murine genome to transcriptional modulation by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In contrast to a model in which multiple genes...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

164

Influence of major histocompatibility complex genotype on mating success in a free-ranging reptile population

Exploring the possibility of enhancing the properties of baculoviruses as biological control agents of insect pests, we tested the effect of expressing an insect gene (jhe) encoding juvenile hormone...Full Text Available

1992-05-01

165

Inferring gene regulatory networks from asynchronous microarray data with AIRnet

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are highly polymorphic components of the vertebrate immune system, which play a key role in pathogen resistance. MHC genes may also function as odour-related...Full Text Available

2009-05-07

166

Incorporation of dUTP does not mediate mutation of A:T base pairs in Ig genes in vivo

BackgroundModern approaches to treating genetic disorders, cancers and even epidemics rely on a detailed understanding of the underlying gene signaling network. Previous work has...Full Text Available

167

Immature cell populations and an erythropoiesis gene-expression signature in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: implications for pathogenesis

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) protein initiates Ig gene mutation by deaminating cytosines, converting them into uracils. Excision of AID-induced uracils by uracil-N-glycosylase...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

168

Identification of the Haemophilus influenzae tolC Gene by Susceptibility Profiles of Insertionally Inactivated Efflux Pump Mutants

IntroductionPrevious observations suggest that active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is associated with a prominent erythropoiesis gene-expression signature. The aim...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

169

Identification of cell cycle-related regulatory motifs using a kernel canonical correlation analysis

Isogenic strains containing insertional disruptions of 10 Haemophilus influenzae Rd genes were investigated for their effects on the susceptibility of the organism to various classes...Full Text Available

2004-04-01

170

Identification of a new gene, molR, essential for utilization of molybdate by Escherichia coli.

BackgroundGene regulation is a key mechanism in higher eukaryotic cellular processes. One of the major challenges in gene regulation studies is to identify regulators affecting the...Full Text Available

171

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in high-fat diet-induced obesity: role of suppression of forkhead transcription factor and atrophy gene transcription

A mutation in a new gene, molR, prevented the synthesis in Escherichia coli of molybdoenzymes, including the two formate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, nitrate reductase and trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase....Full Text Available

1990-04-01

172

Heterogeneous mutations in the human lipoprotein lipase gene in patients with familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency.

Cellular hypertrophy is regulated by coordinated pro- and antigrowth machineries. Foxo transcription factors initiate an atrophy-related gene program to counter hypertrophic growth. This study was designed...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

173

Genomic cloning and chromosomal localization of HRY, the human homolog to the Drosophila segmentation gene, hairy

The DNA sequences were determined for the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene from five unrelated Japanese patients with familial LPL deficiency. The results demonstrated that all five patients are homozygotes...Full Text Available

1991-12-01

174

Genomic cloning and characterization of a ricin gene from Ricinus communis.

The Drosophila hairy gene encodes a basic helix- loop-helix protein that functions in at least two steps during Drosophila development: (1) during embryogenesis, when it partakes in the establishment of segments, and (2) during the larval stage, when it functions negatively in determining the pattern of sensory bristles on the adult fly. In the rat, a structurally homologous gene (RHL) behaves as an immediate-early gene in its response to growth factors and can, like that in Drosophila, suppress neuronal differentiation events. Here, the authors report the genomic cloning of the human hairy gene homolog (HRY). The coding region of the gene is contained within four exons. The predicted amino acid sequence reveals only four amino acid differences between the human and rat genes. Analysis of the DNA sequence 5[prime] to the coding region reveals a putatitve ...

1994-03-01

175

A genomic clone that specifies a single polypeptide precursor for ricin, a toxic lectin of Ricinus communis (castor bean), was isolated, sequenced and Sl mapped. The gene encodes a 64 kDa precursor...Full Text Available

1985-11-25

176

Fusion expression of pedA gene to obtain biologically active pediocin PA-1 in Escherichia coli *

BackgroundDue to the high morbidity and mortality of fulminant hepatitis, early diagnosis followed by early effective treatment is the key for prognosis improvement. So far, little...Full Text Available

177

Functional Enhancers at the Gene-Poor 8q24 Cancer-Linked Locus

Two heterologous expression systems using thioredoxin (trxA) as a gene fusion part in Escherichia coli were developed to produce recombinant pediocin PA-1. Pediocin...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

178

Full genome gene expression analysis of the heat stress response in Drosophila melanogaster

Multiple discrete regions at 8q24 were recently shown to contain alleles that predispose to many cancers including prostate, breast, and colon. These regions are far from any annotated gene and their...Full Text Available

2009-08-01

179

Expression of embryonic hemoglobin genes in. cap alpha. -thalassemic and in. beta. -duplication mice

The availability of full genome sequences has allowed the construction of microarrays, with which screening of the full genome for changes in gene expression is possible. This method can provide a wealth...Full Text Available

2005-10-01

180

Effect of pH and Temperature on Denitrification Gene Expression and Activity in Pseudomonas mandelii?

The results of a study of the expression of embryonic hemoglobin genes in mice which show an imbalance of alpha and non-alpha chain synthesis are reported. (ACR)

1979-01-01

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181

Drosophila melanogaster Methoprene-tolerant (Met) gene homologs from three mosquito species: members of PAS transcriptional factor family

Pseudomonas mandelii liquid cultures were studied to determine the effect of pH and temperature on denitrification gene expression, which was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR....Full Text Available

2009-06-01

182

Dose Optimization for Long-term rAAV-mediated RNA Interference in the Nigrostriatal Projection Neurons

The Methoprene-tolerant (Met) gene in Drosophila melanogaster has been shown to function in juvenile hormone (JH) action. Met...Full Text Available

2007-03-01

183

Dexamethasone and nitric oxide synthase gene expression in brain.

Short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)–mediated gene knockdown is a powerful tool for targeted gene silencing and an emerging novel therapeutic strategy. Recent publications, however, reported unexpected...Full Text Available

2009-09-01

184

Development of a novel data mining tool to find cis-elements in rice gene promoter regions

Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which causes endotoxemia and systemic inflammation, has been reported to induce expression of the gene for type II inducible nitric oxide synthase...Full Text Available

1997-03-01

185

Coordination of PAD4 and HDAC2 in the regulation of p53 target gene expression

BackgroundInformation on more than 35 000 full-length Oryza sativa cDNAs, together with associated microarray gene expression data collected under various treatment...Full Text Available

186

Comparisons of three polyethyleneimine-derived nanoparticles as a gene therapy delivery system for renal cell carcinoma

Histone Arg methylation and Lys acetylation have been found to cooperatively regulate the expression of p53 target genes. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is an enzyme that citrullinates...Full Text Available

2010-05-27

187

Comparative genomics of the bacterial genus Listeria: Genome evolution is characterized by limited gene acquisition and limited gene loss

BackgroundPolyethyleneimine (PEI), which can interact with negatively charged DNA through electrostatic interaction to form nanocomplexes, has been widely attempted to use as a gene...Full Text Available

188

Combinatorial Gene Regulation Using Auto-Regulation

BackgroundThe bacterial genus Listeria contains pathogenic and non-pathogenic species, including the pathogens L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii,...Full Text Available

189

Cloning of an insecticidal cholesterol oxidase gene and its expression in bacteria and in plant protoplasts.

As many as 59% of the transcription factors in Escherichia coli regulate the transcription rate of their own genes. This suggests that auto-regulation has one or more important...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

190

Chronic Cocaine-Induced H3 Acetylation and Transcriptional Activation of CaMKII? in the Nucleus Accumbens Is Critical for Motivation for Drug Reinforcement

We cloned and sequenced structural gene choM, which encodes an insecticidally active cholesterol oxidase in Streptomyces sp. strain A19249. The primary translation product was predicted to be a 547-amino-acid...Full Text Available

1994-12-01

191

Chiropteran types I and II interferon genes inferred from genome sequencing traces by a statistical gene-family assembler

The regulation of gene expression in the brain reward regions is known to contribute to the pathogenesis and persistence of drug addiction. Increasing evidence suggests that the regulation of gene transcription...Full Text Available

2010-03-01

192

Characterization, phylogeny, alternative splicing and expression of Sox30 gene

BackgroundThe rate of emergence of human pathogens is steadily increasing; most of these novel agents originate in wildlife. Bats, remarkably, are the natural reservoirs of many...Full Text Available

193

Characterization of the H(+)-pumping F1F0 ATPase of Vibrio alginolyticus.

BackgroundMembers of the Sox gene family isolated from both vertebrates and invertebrates have been proved to participate in a wide variety of developmental processes, including...Full Text Available

194

Characterization of Mouse UDP-glucose Pyrosphosphatase, a Nudix Hydrolase encoded by the Nudt14 Gene

The F1F0 ATPase of Vibrio alginolyticus was cloned from a chromosomal lambda library. The unc operon, which contains the structural genes for the ATPase, was sequenced and shown to have a gene organization...Full Text Available

1990-12-01

195

Characteristics of the molecular diversity of the outer membrane protein A gene of Haemophilus parasuis

Recombinant mouse UDP-glucose pyrophosphatase (UGPPase), encoded by the Nudt14 gene, was produced in Escherichia coli and purified close to homogeneity. The...Full Text Available

2009-12-25

196

Brain transcriptomic analysis in paper wasps identifies genes associated with behaviour across social insect lineages

The molecular diversity of the gene encoding the outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of Haemophilus parasuis has been unclear. In this study, the structural characteristics, sequence types,...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

197

Antisense imaging of gene expression in the brain in vivo

Comparative sociogenomics has the potential to provide important insights into how social behaviour evolved. We examined brain gene expression profiles of the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes...Full Text Available

2010-07-22

198

Analysis of the Type IV Fimbrial-Subunit Gene fimA of Xanthomonas hyacinthi: Application in PCR-Mediated Detection of Yellow Disease in Hyacinths

Antisense radiopharmaceuticals could be used to image gene expression in the brain in vivo, should these polar molecules be made transportable through the blood–brain barrier....Full Text Available

2000-12-19

199

An integrative multi-dimensional genetic and epigenetic strategy to identify aberrant genes and pathways in cancer

A sensitive and specific detection method was developed for Xanthomonas hyacinthi; this method was based on amplification of a subsequence of the type IV fimbrial-subunit gene fimA...Full Text Available

2001-02-01

200

A supervised approach for predicting patient survival with gene expression data

BackgroundGenomics has substantially changed our approach to cancer research. Gene expression profiling, for example, has been utilized to delineate subtypes of cancer, and facilitated...Full Text Available

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

201

A retinoid responsive cytokine gene, MK, is preferentially expressed in the proximal tubules of the kidney and human tumor cell lines.

Rapid development in genomics in recent years has allowed the simultaneous measurement of the expression levels of thousands of genes using DNA microarrays. This has offered tremendous potential...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

202

A polyacetylene compound from herbal medicine regulates genes associated with thrombosis in endothelial cells

The aim of this study was to survey the expression of an embryonic cytokine gene, MK, in the normal organs and neoplastic tissues of adults. Northern analysis showed that MK mRNA was exclusively expressed...Full Text Available

1993-02-01

203

A classification-based framework for predicting and analyzing gene regulatory response

From Toki-shakuyaku-san, an herbal formulation for “cleansing stagnated blood,” a key gene regulatory compound was purified and identified through a screening based on DNA microarray...Full Text Available

2007-12-15

204

A Turquoise Mutant Genetically Separates Expression of Genes Encoding Phycoerythrin and Its Associated Linker Peptides

BackgroundWe have recently introduced a predictive framework for studying gene transcriptional regulation in simpler organisms using a novel supervised learning algorithm called...Full Text Available

205

A Predictive Risk Probability Approach for Microarray Data with Survival as an Endpoint

During complementary chromatic adaptation (CCA), cyanobacterial light harvesting structures called phycobilisomes are restructured in response to ambient light quality shifts. Transcription of genes...Full Text Available

2002-02-01

206

A Brassica rapa Linkage Map of EST-based SNP Markers for Identification of Candidate Genes Controlling Flowering Time and Leaf Morphological Traits

Gene expression profiling has played an important role in cancer risk classification and has shown promising results. Since gene expression profiling often involves determination of a set of...Full Text Available

2008-01-01

207

5-Fluorodeoxyuridine as an alternative to the synthesis of mixed hybridization probes for the detection of specific gene sequences.

For identification of genes responsible for varietal differences in flowering time and leaf morphological traits, we constructed a linkage map of Brassica rapa DNA markers including...Full Text Available

2009-12-01

208

Preparation of covalently modified organic-inorganic composite nanoparticles and their interfacial electron transfer researches

Synthetic complementary oligonucleotides are useful hybridization probes for the detection of mRNAs and genes encoding proteins for which only a partial amino acid sequence is known. Usually this involves...Full Text Available

1988-03-01

209

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1966 HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID ...

Preparation of covalently modified organic-inorganic composite nanoparticles and their interfacial electron transfer researches

1998-01-01

210

NASA Technical Paper 3487 ... - NASA Technical Reports Server

... mass of gray gas by thermal radiation; An experimental study of the turbulent wake behind a cone at M = 5; Heat transfer augmentation by steady ...

211

Fundamental study of heat transfer augmentation of tube inside surface by cascade smooth surface-turbulence promoters

heat transfer augmentation was found to increase with decreasing length scale but no optimum length scale was found. Heat transfer augmentation due to turbu- ...

212

First ion beam transfered from the SPS to the LHC

Fundamental study of heat transfer augmentation of tube inside surface by cascade smooth surface-turbulence promoters

1987-03-01

213

CERN Multimedia

An ion beam has been successfully transfered from the SPS to the LHC for the first time on 12 November 2007.

2007-01-01

214

SNP diversity of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in a South East Queensland waterway, Australia, and associated antibiotic resistance gene profiles.

Regulation of the expression of the apolipoprotein(a) gene : Evidence for a regulatory role of the 5' distal ACR enhancer in YAC transgenic mice

PMID:21910889

2011-09-12

215

Development of QTL Mapping Populations

No abstract prepared.

2003-01-30

216

The k43 gene, required for chorion gene amplification and diploid cell chromosome replication, encodes the Drosophila homolog of yeast origin recognition complex subunit 2

The objective of this animation is to develop a QTL mapping population for locating and characterizing the genes responsible for resistance to tan spot disease of wheat.

217

The direct interaction between ASH2, a Drosophila trithorax group protein, and SKTL, a nuclear phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase, implies a role for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in maintaining transcriptionally active chromatin.

Lethal alleles of the Drosophila k43 gene result in small or missing imaginal discs, greatly reduced mitotic index, and fragmented and abnormally condensed chromosomes. A female-sterile...Full Text Available

1997-04-15

218

SAS1 and SAS2, GTP-binding protein genes in Dictyostelium discoideum with sequence similarities to essential genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The products of trithorax group (trxG) genes maintain active transcription of many important developmental regulatory genes, including homeotic genes. Several trxG proteins have been shown to act in...Full Text Available

2004-07-01

219

Regulatory circuit for responses of nitrogen catabolic gene expression to the GLN3 and DAL80 proteins and nitrogen catabolite repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

We have identified two novel, very closely related genes, SAS1 and SAS2, from Dictyostelium discoideum. These encode small, approximately 20-kilodaton proteins with amino acid sequences thought to be...Full Text Available

1990-05-01

220

Multiway real-time PCR gene expression profiling in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals altered transcriptional response of ADH-genes to glucose stimuli

We demonstrate that expression of the UGA1, CAN1, GAP1, PUT1, PUT2, PUT4, and DAL4 genes is sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression. The expression of all these genes, with the exception of UGA1...Full Text Available

1993-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

221

BackgroundThe large sensitivity, high reproducibility and essentially unlimited dynamic range of real-time PCR to measure gene expression in complex samples provides the opportunity...Full Text Available

222

DNA repair genes

Conservation of B class gene expression in the second whorl of a basal grass and outgroups links the origin of lodicules and petals

Fission yeast S. pombe is assumed to be a good model for cloning of human DNA repair genes, because human gene is normally expressed in S. pombe and has a very similar protein sequence to yeast protein. We have tried to elucidate the DNA repair mechanisms of S. pombe as a model system for those of mammals. (J.P.N.)

1995-12-01

223

Complementation of areA- regulatory gene mutations of Aspergillus nidulans by the heterologous regulatory gene nit-2 of Neurospora crassa.

Studies of flower development in core eudicot species have established a central role for B class MADS-box genes in specifying petal and stamen identities. Similarly in maize and rice, B class genes...Full Text Available

2007-01-16

224

Combined mutations of ASXL1, CBL, FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, JAK2, KRAS, NPM1, NRAS, RUNX1, TET2 and WT1 genes in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias

Loss-of-function mutations in the regulatory gene areA of Aspergillus nidulans prevent the utilization of a wide variety of nitrogen sources. The phenotypes of nit-2 mutants of Neurospora crassa suggest...Full Text Available

1987-06-01

225

Biodegradable Tri-Block Copolymer Poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lysine)(PLA-PEG-PLL) as a Non-Viral Vector to Enhance Gene Transfection

BackgroundGene mutation is an important mechanism of myeloid leukemogenesis. However, the number and combination of gene mutated in myeloid malignancies is still a matter of investigation.MethodsWe...Full Text Available

226

Pairing effects in nucleon transfer reactions in the system sup 144 Sm+ sup 88 Sr at 4. 7 MeV/u

Low cytotoxicity and high gene transfection efficiency are critical issues in designing current non-viral gene delivery vectors. The purpose of the present work was to synthesize the novel biodegradable...Full Text Available

227

Pairing effects in nucleon transfer reactions in the system "1"4"4Sm+"8"8Sr at 4.7 MeV/u

Proton and neutron transfer populating low-lying states have been studied in the system {sup 144}Sm+{sup 88}Sr at an energy below the Coulomb barrier. The experimental cross sections for the single proton transfer are well reproduced by DWBA-calculations using spectroscopic information from light ion reactions. The two-proton transfer appears enhanced relative to the uncorrelated sequential transfer of single protons. The same holds for the transfer of proton pairs, the enhancement is kept for the second pair. This is interpreted as a supercurrent between two superfluid nuclear proton-pair wave functions: More mass and charge is transported per time unit in pairs than by single nucleons. Neutron transfer is observed with large cross sections and is found to contribute to the energy loss observed in the transfer reactions. For mixed ...

1990-05-01

228

Augmentation of heat transfer in heat conductive medium by electro-hydrodynamic effect

Proton and neutron transfer populating low-lying states have been studied in the system "1"4"4Sm+"8"8Sr at an energy below the Coulomb barrier. The experimental cross sections for the single proton transfer are well reproduced by DWBA-calculations using spectroscopic information from light ion reactions. The two-proton transfer appears enhanced relative to the uncorrelated sequential transfer of single protons. The same holds for the transfer of proton pairs, the enhancement is kept for the second pair. This is interpreted as a supercurrent between two superfluid nuclear proton-pair wave functions: More mass and charge is transported per time unit in pairs than by single nucleons. Neutron transfer is observed with large cross sections and is found to contribute to the energy loss observed in the transfer reactions. For mixed proton-neutron ...

229

Selective downregulation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I within the intestinal epithelial compartment in crohn's disease

A method of augmenting heat transfer in the interior of a fluid or from the interface of a solid in contact to a fluid by utilizing electro hydrodynamic (EHD) phenomena has the following advantages: the heat transfer can be effected by using a relatively small, light-weight high voltage source and some simple structural members; no vibration and noise are generated; the method has a control function to control heat transfer by adjustment of field and voltage; and this method is effective in cost-saving. It is mass transfer by the electric force caused by interaction between true charges or polarized charges in a fluid and external electric filed that plays an important role in most of such heat transfer augmentation methods by EHD. Examples of heat transfer augmentation by EHD phenomena include electricaly induced convection, contribution of EHD effect to heat ...

1988-04-20

230

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

AbstractBackground: A defective innate immune response may contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Employing a global gene expression analysis, this study was aimed at identifying specifically regulated genes within the epithelial compartment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: The epithelial fraction of human ileal mucosa samples from surgical specimens was obtained by laser microdissection. Gene expression was examined by global expression profiling (n = 18, Affymetrix), quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (n = 35), immunoblot analysis (n = 9), and immunohistochemistry (n = 25). Results: Global expression profiling revealed a pronounced downregulation of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) with...

2011-01-01

231

Dendrosomes as novel gene porters-III

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

BACKGROUND: It was previously reported that dendrosomes, i.e. neutral, biodegradable, covalent or self-assembled, hyperbranched, spheroidal nano-particles with a size ranging from 15 to 100 nm, provide a convenient and efficient means of gene delivery into various kinds of cells such as human hepatoma and kidney cells as well as animal models.RESULTS: New studies via circular dichroism show that hydrophilic and amphipathic dendrosomes either do not affect the DNA structure or moderately transform it from B- to A-conformation. Gene delivery into human liver, kidney, and endothelial cells as well as other animal cells like Bowes, U-937, Raw, CCRF-CEM, MOLT-4, K562, Huh-7 and VERO reveal that the genes are efficiently expressed and in comparison with other gene porters like Lipofectin or bact...

2008-01-01

232

Chromosomal rearrangement segregating with adrenoleukodystrophy: A molecular analysis

Chromosomal localization and structure of the human type II IMP dehydrogenase gene

The relationship between X chromosome-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and the red/green color pigment gene cluster on Xq28 was investigated in a large kindred. The DNA in a hemizygous male showed altered restriction fragment sizes compatible with at least a deletion extending from the 5[prime] end of the color pigment genes. Segregation analysis using a DNA probe within the color pigment gene cluster showed significant linkage with adrenoleukodystrophy (logarithm of odds score of 3.19 at [theta] = 0.0). These data demonstrate linkage, rather than association, between a unique molecular rearrangement in the color pigment gene cluster and adrenoleukodystrophy. The DNA changes in this region are thus likely to be helpful for determining the location and identity of the responsible gene. 33 refs., 4 figs.

1993-10-15

233

Cardiac Channelopathies and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

We determined the chromosomal localization and structure of the gene encoding human type II inosine 5{prime}-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH, EC 1.1.1.205), an enzyme associated with cellular proliferation, malignant transformation, and differentiation. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers specific for type II IMPDH, we screened a panel of human-Chinese hamster cell somatic hybrids and a separate deletion panel of chromosome 3 hybrids and localized the gene to 3p21.1{yields}p24.2. Two overlapping yeast artificial chromosome clones containing the full gene for type II IMPDH were isolated and a physical map of 117 kb of human genomic DNA in this region of chromosome 3 was constructed. The gene for type II IMPDH was localized and oriented on this map and found to span no more than 12.5 kb.

1994-05-01

234

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is always a devastating and unexpected occurrence. SIDS is the leading cause of death in the first 6 months after birth in the industrialized world. Since the discovery in 1998 of long QT syndrome as an underlying substrate for SIDS, around 10-20% of SIDS cases have been proposed as being caused by genetic variants in either ion channel or ion channel-associated proteins. Until now, 10 cardiac channelopathy susceptibility genes have been found to be implicated in the pathogenesis of SIDS. Four of the genes encode cardiac ion channel a-subunits, 3 genes encode ion channel b-subunits, and 3 genes encode other channel-interacting proteins. All 10 genes have been associated with primary electrical heart diseases. SIDS may hereby be the initial sympt...

2011-01-01

235

Ultrafast Nonadiabatic Dynamics. Theoretical Study of Femtosecond Electron Transfer Processes.

Czech Academy of Sciences Repository

Full Text Available

1998-01-01

236

Transfer of lead through the rats intestinal wall

Temporal Fluctuations of Fluorescence Energy Transfer between TwoDyes Conjugated to a Single Protein

... females in vitro intestines lead 203 mucous membranes radionuclide kinetics

237

Tachyons and virtual fields for elementary particles in strong interaction. II

No abstract prepared.

1999-01-04

238

Study of the Form Factor of the Proton in the Timelike Region for Large Momentum Transfers

... momentum transfer propagator scattering scattering amplitudes strong

239

Study of Heat Transfer Augmentation in a High-Temperature Field by a Radiation Promoter Generating a Secondary Flow

No abstract prepared.

2001-01-01

240

Radiative Heat Transfer Augmentation in Gas-Fired Radiant Tube Burners by Porous Inserts: Effect of Insert Geometry

Not Available

1999-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

241

Organizational structure and technology transfer

Not Available

1993-07-01

242

Numerical investigation on developing laminar forced convective heat transfer and entropy generation in an annular helicoidal tube

... administrative procedures developing countries economic development nuclear

1982-11-01

243

Measurement of Mixed-Convection Heat Transfer from AN Array of Discrete Sources in a Horizontal Rectangular Channel with and Without Surface Augmentation

Full Text Available

2011-06-01

244

Inelastic scattering and neutron transfer induced by {sup 11}Be on a heavy target nucleus

Not Available

1990-09-01

245

Heat transfer problems in high temperature heat exchangers

Short communication.

1994-12-31

246

This paper deals with construction types of high temperature heat exchangers, their circulation loops and temperature differences. Most attention is given to gas dynamics, convective heat transfer, convection and radiant heat transfer interaction in high temperature heat exchangers. The ways of heat transfer augmentation and efficient heat exchanger construction are discussed.

1986-01-01

247

Heat transfer

Heat Transfer Augmentation of a Co-Rotating Disk Assembly with Special Emphasis on the Lower Disk

Heat transfer has emerged as a leading-edge technology supporting the rapid pace of developments in science and engineering ranging from energy production to electronic cooling. Subjects covered at the 6th UK National Conference on heat transfer held at Edinburgh from 15-16 September 1999 include: convection; boiling and evaporation; condensation; numerical techniques; heat exchangers; radiation and combustion; conduction; two-phase flow and heat transfer augmentation. Fifteen of the papers are abstracted here.

1999-07-01

248

Heat Transfer Augmentation from a Bundle of Heated Cylinders Situated in Two Opposite Ribbed Plates of a Duct

Not Available

2004-06-01

249

Experimental investigation for fluid flow and heat transfer in a rotating tube with twisted-tape inserts

Not Available

1993-01-01

250

Design of Resonator-Coupled Wireless Power Transfer System by Use of BPF Theory

Experimental investigation was carried out for friction factor and heat transfer coefficient in the case of a rotating tube with a twisted-tape insert for heat transfer augmentation. The data obtained were compared with existing data for a stationary tube with a twisted-tape insert. It has been observed that the enhancement in heat transfer offsets the rise in friction factor due to rotation, with respect to a plain tube under stationary conditions. A correlation has been proposed for the data obtained.

1995-04-01

251

Sequences homologous to the human x- and y-borne zinc finger protein genes (ZFX/Y) are autosomal in monotreme mannals

Full Text Available

2010-12-01

252

Molecular studies of the uncoupling protein

The human zinc finger protein genes (ZFX/Y) were identified as a result of a systematic search for the testis-determining factor gene on the human Y chromosome. Although they play no direct role in sex determination, they are of particular interest because they are highly conserved among mammals, birds, and amphibians and because, in eutherian mammals at least, they have active alleles on both the X and the Y chromosomes outside the pseudoautosomal region. We used in situ hybridization to localize the homologues of the zinc finger protein gene to chromosome 1 of the Australian echidna and to an equivalent position on chromosomes 1 and 2 of the playtpus. The localization to platypus chromosome 1 was confirmed by Southern analysis of a Chinese hamster [times] platypus cell hybrid retaining most of platypus chromosome 1. This localization is consistent with the cytological homology of chromosome 1 between the two species. The ...

1993-02-01

253

Numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in a concentric tube heat exchanger

The uncoupling protein (UCP) is a proton/anion transporter found in the inner mitochondrial membrane of brown adipocyte. Although UCP has nor been detected in mitochondria from any other tissue, it shares structural and catalytic properties with several other mitochondrial carrier proteins. Although UCP was discovered only recently it is one of the most extensively studied mitochondrial carrier proteins.More recently, the mouse, rat, and human genes encoding for UCP have been isolated and sequenced. The availability of these various tools has led to several significant observations. UCP gene expression is strongly controlled at the level of transcription by signals that are activated after the stimulation of brown adipocytes by norepinephrine. The comparison of UCP gene with the genes encoding the adenine nucleotide translocator revealed the existence of structural and evolutionary homologies. Moreover, ...

1991-06-01

254

Influence of turbulence parameters, Reynolds number, and body shape on stagnation-region heat transfer

In this paper, numerical simulation of a concentric tube heat exchanger is presented to determine the convective heat transfer coefficient and friction factor in a smooth tube. Increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient can increase heat transfer rate in a concentric tube heat exchanger from a given tubular surface area. This can be achieved by using heat transfer augmentation devices. This work constitutes the initial phase of the numerical simulation of heat transfer from tubes employing augmentation devices, such as twisted tapes, wire-coil inserts, for heat transfer enhancement. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation tool was developed with CFX software and the results obtained from the simulations are validated with the empirical correlations for a smooth tube heat exchanger. The difficulties associated with the simulation of a heat ...

2003-05-28

255

Influence of turbulence parameters, Reynolds number, and body shape on stagnation-region heat transfer

This experiment investigated the effects of free-stream turbulence intensity, length scale, Reynolds number, and leading-edge velocity gradient on stagnation-region heat transfer. Heat transfer was measured in the stagnation region of four models with elliptical leading edges downstream of five turbulence-generating grids. Stagnation-region heat transfer augmentation increased with decreasing length scale but an optimum scale was not found. A correlation was developed that fit heat transfer data for isotropic turbulence to within {+-}4 percent but did not predict data for anisotropic turbulence. Stagnation heat transfer augmentation caused by turbulence was unaffected by the velocity gradient. The data of other researchers compared well with the correlation. A method of predicting heat transfer downstream of the stagnation point was developed. 28 refs., 12 ...

1995-08-01

256

Nonlinear dynamics of heat transfer enhancement using eddy promoters

This experiment investigated the effects of free-stream turbulence intensity, length scale, Reynolds number, and leading-edge velocity gradient on stagnation-region heat transfer. Heat transfer was measured in the stagnation region of four models with elliptical leading edges downstream of five turbulence-generating grids. Stagnation-region heat transfer augmentation increased with decreasing length scale but an optimum scale was not found. A correlation was developed that fit heat transfer data for isotropic turbulence to within #+-#4 percent but did not predict data for anisotropic turbulence. Stagnation heat transfer augmentation caused by turbulence was unaffected by the velocity gradient. The data of other researchers compared well with the correlation. A method of predicting heat transfer downstream of the stagnation point was developed. 28 refs., 12 ...

1995-01-01

257

Nonlinear dynamics of heat transfer enhancement using eddy promoters

This investigation concerns the nonlinear dynamics of heat transfer from a surface using an upstream eddy promoter. A numerical model is developed for the coupled fluid flow and heat transfer process based on a modified MacCormack scheme. Numerical simulations are carried out to determine the response and heat transfer enhancement due to the promoter. The average heat transfer from a cavity floor is seen to be increased by a factor of approximately five over the unpromoted'' flow. Another interesting feature of the study is the nonlinear viscous flow dynamics from the cylinder-wall interaction which differ significantly from the familiar cylinder-free stream patterns.

1994-02-01

258

Bibliography on augmentation of convective heat and mass transfer

This investigation concerns the nonlinear dynamics of heat transfer from a surface using an upstream eddy promoter. A numerical model is developed for the coupled fluid flow and heat transfer process based on a modified MacCormack scheme. Numerical simulations are carried out to determine the response and heat transfer enhancement due to the promoter. The average heat transfer from a cavity floor is seen to be increased by a factor of approximately five over the unpromoted'' flow. Another interesting feature of the study is the nonlinear viscous flow dynamics from the cylinder-wall interaction which differ significantly from the familiar cylinder-free stream patterns.

1994-02-01

259

Characterization of the human lipoprotein lipase (LPL) promoter: Evidence of two cis-regulatory regions, LP-[alpha] and LP-[beta] of importance for the differentation-linked induction of the LPL gene during adipogenesis

Heat transfer augmentation has developed into a major specialty area in heat transfer research and development. A bibliography of world literature on augmentation is presented. The literature is classified into passive augmentation techniques, which require no external power, and active techniques, which do require external power. The fourteen techniques are grouped in terms of their application to the various modes of heat transfer. Mass transfer is included for completeness. Key words are included with each citation for technique/mode identification. The total number of publications cited is 1,967, including 75 surveys of various techniques and 42 papers on performance evaluation of passive techniques. Patents are not included as they will be the subject of a future topical report.

1979-01-01

260

Augmented heat transfer in a rectangular duct with angled ribs

When preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes, several differentiation-linked genes are activated. Lipo-protein lipase (LPL) is one of the first genes induced during this process. To investigate early events in adipocyte development, we have focused on the transcriptional activation of the LPL gene. For this purpose, we have cloned and fused different parts of intragenic and flanking sequences with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. Transient transfection experiments and DNase I hypersensitivity assays indicate that several positive as well as negative elements contribute to transcriptional regulation of the LPL gene. When reporter gene constructs were stably introduced into preadipocytes, we were able to monitor and compare the activation patterns of different promoter deletion mutants at selected time points representing the process of ...

1992-10-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

261

Analysis and optimization of the heat transfer coefficient of a finned heat exchanger submitted to natural convection; Analise e otimizacao do coeficiente de transferencia de calor de um trocador aletado submetido a conveccao natural

Heat transfer augmentation in a rib-roughened duct is affected by the rib configurations, such as rib height, angle of attack, shape, rib to rib pitch, and aspect ratio of a duct. These have been the main subjects in studying the average heat transfer and the friction loss of the fully developed flow. Investigating distributions of local heat transfer coefficients and flow patterns in a duct with the rib turbulators is necessary to find the characteristics of heat transfer augmentation and to decide the optimal configurations of ribs. In the present study the numerical analyses and the mass transfer experiments are performed to understand the flow through a rib roughened duct and the heat transfer characteristics with various angles of attack of ribs. A pair of counter-rotating secondary flow in a duct has a main effect on the lateral distributions of local mass ...

1998-04-01

262

A new method of heat transfer augmentation by means of foreign gas jet impingement in liquid bath

A heat transfer (condenser) of a domestic freezer was tested in a vertical channel in order to study the influence of the chimney effect in the optimization of the heat transfer coefficient. The variation of the opening of the channel, position and the heating power of the heat exchanger in the heat transfer coefficient was considered. The influence of the surface emissivity on the heat transfer by thermal radiation was studied with the heat exchanger testes without paint and with black paint. The air velocity entering the channel was measured with a hot wire anemometer. In order to evaluate the chimney effect, the heat exchanger was testes in a open ambient. This situation simulates its operational conditions when installed on the freezer system. The variables collected in the experimental procedures was gathered in the form of dimensionless parameters as Nusselt, Rayleigh, Grashof and Prandtl numbers, ...

1997-07-01

263

Mechanisms of heat transfer augmentaiton around the stagnation point of an impinging air jet laden with solid particles. Report 1. ; Evaluation procedure of heat transfer augmentaion due to unsteady heat conduction between laden particles and heat transfer surface. Koki niso shototsu funryu no yodomiten kinbo ni okeru dennetsu sokushin kiko. 1. ; Ryushi eno chokusetsu sesshoku netsuido ni yoru dennetsu sokushin koka no bunri hoho

The authors discuss a two-phase two-component experimental system developed to study enhancement of heat transfer from a vertical chip size heater to surrounding liquid (Freon 113 or Ethanol) due to air jet impingement. Heat transfer coefficient was measured as function of jet velocity, heat flux and the distance between exit of jet tube and heated surface. The injector was placed very close to the hot surface. It was found that the heat transfer was notably enhanced with foreign gas impingement, especially in the cases of small temperature differences between wall and coolant. In fact for higher jet velocities the heat transfer coefficients tended to infinite while the temperature differences between wall and coolant were zero. The heat transfer coefficients decreased with the increasing of heat flux. High-speed camera was used to study the behaviour of the gas bubbles which play ...

1985-10-01

264

The mouse formin (Fmn) gene: Genomic structure, novel exons, and genetic mapping

Several heat transfer augmentation mechanisms contribute to the heat transfer augmentation around the stagnation point in the gas-solid two-phase impinging jet flow. Among those contributions, that of heat exchange was numerically analyzed and characteristically elucidated by the unsteady direct contact heat conduction at the time of impingement between the laden particles and heat transfer surface. In other words, if the contact time is short between the particles and heat transfer surface, the former is heated by heat stored in the latter as a heat capacity. In such a region, the heat quantity to be transferred to the particles changes by not only the thermal property value (heat capacity multiplied by heat conduction coefficient) of particles but also that of heat transfer surface. Then by using several kinds of particles and heat ...

1991-05-25

265

Mapping cis-Regulatory Domains in the Human Genome UsingMulti-Species Conservation of Synteny

Mutations in the mouse formin (Fmn) gene, formerly known as the limb deformity (ld) gene, give rise to recessively inherited limb deformities and renal malformations or aplasia. The Fmn gene encodes many differentially processed transcripts that are expressed in both adult and embryonic tissues. To study the genomic organization of the Fmn locus, we have used Fmn probes to isolate and characterize genomic clones spanning 500 kb. Our analysis of these clones shows that the Fmn gene is composed of at least 24 exons and spans 400 kb. We have identified two novel exons that are expressed in the developing embryonic limb bud as well as adult tissues such as brain and kidney. We have also used a microsatellite polymorphism from within the Fmn gene to map it genetically to a 2.2-cM interval between D2Mit58 and D2Mit103. 36 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

1997-02-01

266

Identification of three related human GRO genes encoding cytokine functions

Our inability to associate distant regulatory elements with the genes that they regulate has largely precluded their examination for sequence alterations contributing to human disease. One major obstacle is the large genomic space surrounding targeted genes in which such elements could potentially reside. In order to delineate gene regulatory boundaries we used whole-genome human-mouse-chicken (HMC) and human-mouse-frog (HMF) multiple alignments to compile conserved blocks of synteny (CBS), under the hypothesis that these blocks have been kept intact throughout evolution at least in part by the requirement of regulatory elements to stay linked to the genes that they regulate. A total of 2,116 and 1,942 CBS>200 kb were assembled for HMC and HMF respectively, encompassing 1.53 and 0.86 Gb of human sequence. To support the existence of complex long-range regulatory domains within these CBS we ...

2005-06-13

267

Cluster Analysis of Gene Expression Data

The product of the human GRO gene is a cytokine with inflammatory and growth-regulatory properties; GRO is also called MGSA for melanoma growth-stimulatory activity. The authors have identified two additional genes, GRO#beta# and GRO#gamma#, that share 90% and 86% identity at the deduced amino acid level with the original GRO#alpha# isolate. One amino acid substitution of proline in GRO#alpha# by leucine in GRO#beta# and GRO#gamma# leads to a large predicted change in protein conformation. Significant differences also exist in the 3' untranslated region, including different numbers of ATTTA repeats associated with mRNA instability. A 122-base-pair region in the 3' region is conserved among the three GRO genes, and a part of it is also conserved in the Chinese hamster genome, suggesting a role in regulation. DNA hybridization with oligonucleotide probes and partial sequence analysis of the genomic clones confirm that the ...

268

Cloning and mapping of the mouse {alpha}7-neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

The expression levels of many thousands of genes can be measured simultaneously by DNA microarrays (chips). This novel experimental tool has revolutionized research in molecular biology and generated considerable excitement. A typical experiment uses a few tens of such chips, each dedicated to a single sample - such as tissue extracted from a particular tumor. The results of such an experiment contain several hundred thousand numbers, that come in the form of a table, of several thousand rows (one for each gene) and 50 - 100 columns (one for each sample). We developed a clustering methodology to mine such data. In this review I provide a very basic introduction to the subject, aimed at a physics audience with no prior knowledge of either gene expression or clustering methods. I explain what genes are, what is gene expression and how it is measured by DNA chips. Next I explain what ...

2002-01-01

269

Modelling of MeV alpha particle energy transfer to lower hybrid waves

We report the isolation of cDNA clones for the mouse {alpha}7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit (gene symbol Acra7), the only nicotinic receptor subunit known to bind a-bungarotoxin in mammalian brain. This gene may have relevance to nicotine sensitivity and to some electrophysiologic findings in schizophrenia. The mouse {alpha}7 subunit gene encodes a protein of 502 amino acids with substantial identity to the rat (99.6%), human (92.8%), and chicken (87.5%) amino acid sequences. The {alpha}7 gene was mapped to mouse chromosome 7 near the p locus with the following gene order from proximal to distal: Myod1-3.5 {+-}1.7 cM-Gas2-0.9 cM {+-} 0.9 cM-D7Mit70-1.8 {+-} 1.2 cM- Acra7-4.4 {+-}1.0 cM-Hras1-ps11/Igf1r/Snrp2a. The human gene was confirmed to map to the homologous region of human chromosome 15q13-q14. 26 refs., 3 figs.

1995-03-20

270

Modelling of MeV alpha particle energy transfer to lower hybrid waves

The interaction between a lower hybrid wave and a fusion alpha particle displaces the alpha particle simultaneously in space and energy. This results in coupled diffusion. Diffusion of alphas down the density gradient could lead to their transferring energy to the wave. This could, in turn, put energy into current drive. Here we calculate numerical solutions for the alpha energy transfer and study a range of conditions that are favourable for wave amplification from alpha energy. We find that it is possible for fusion alpha particles to transfer a large fraction of their energy to the lower hybrid wave. The numerical calculation shows that the net energy transfer is not sensitive to the value of the diffusion coefficient over a wide range of practical values. An extension of this idea, the use of a lossy boundary to enhance the energy transfer, is investigated. This technique is ...

1994-05-01

271

Modeling of MeV alpha particle energy transfer to lower hybrid waves

The interaction between a lower hybrid wave and a fusion alpha particle displaces the alpha particle simultaneously in space and energy. This results in coupled diffusion. Diffusion of alphas down the density gradient could lead to their transferring energy to the wave. This could, in turn, put energy into current drive. Here we calculate numerical solutions for the alpha energy transfer and study a range of conditions that are favourable for wave amplification from alpha energy. We find that it is possible for fusion alpha particles to transfer a large fraction of their energy to the lower hybrid wave. The numerical calculation shows that the net energy transfer is not sensitive to the value of the diffusion coefficient over a wide range of practical values. An extension of this idea, the use of a lossy boundary to enhance the energy transfer, is investigated. This technique is ...

272

Heat-transfer augmentation in rod bundles near grid spacers

The interaction between a lower hybrid wave and a fusion alpha particle displaces the alpha particle simultaneously in space and energy. This results in coupled diffusion. Diffusion of alphas down the density gradient could lead to their transferring energy to the wave. This could, in turn, put energy into current drive. An initial analytic study was done by Fisch and Rax. Here the authors calculate numerical solutions for the alpha energy transfer and study a range of conditions that are favorable for wave amplification from alpha energy. They find that it is possible for fusion alpha particles to transfer a large fraction of their energy to the lower hybrid wave. The numerical calculation shows that the net energy transfer is not sensitive to the value of the diffusion coefficient over a wide range of practical values. An extension of this idea, the use of a lossy boundary to enhance the energy ...

1993-10-01

273

Heat and mass transfer analogy studies of binary liquid mixture in comparison with ethanol-n-heptane evaporating to air

Heat-transfer augmentation by straight grid spacers in rod bundles is studied for single-phase flow and for post-critical heat flux dispersed flow. The heat transfer effect of swirling grid spacers in single-phase flow is also examined. Governing heat-transfer mechanisms are analyzed, and predictive formulations are established. For single-phase flow, the local heat transfer at a straight spacer and at its upstream or downstream locations are treated separately. The effect of local velocity increasing near swirling spacer is considered. For post critical heat flux (CHF) dispersed flow, the heat transfer by thermal radiation, fin cooling, and vapor convection near the spacer are calculated. The predictions are compared with experimental data with satisfactory agreement.

1982-01-01

274

Energy transfer study of europium-tetracycline complexes

An experimental and theoretical study of heat and mass transfer analogy and a comparison of that to a binary liquid mixture evaporation is presented. Common organic solvents, ethanol and n-heptane, were used to form an alcohol - hydrocarbon mixture. Studies were carried out in a horizontal rectangular channel having air flow velocities of 0.2 - 0.9 m/s. Heat transfer coefficients were measured with a copper plate resistor and mass transfer coefficients with a square pool. The heat and mass transfer analogy is presented for a system having two evaporating compounds with a fixed value of air flow and verified by measuring and comparing mass transfer coefficients for distilled water with air flow velocities of 0.2 - 0.9 m/s. An illustrative example of the use of the theory for industrial ventilation is presented. (author)

1995-12-31

275

Condensation heat transfer in a steam-water stratified flow

The aim of this work was to study the energy transfer mechanisms from the ligand to the central lanthanide ion of tetracycline-europium (Tc-Eu) complex. The absorption spectra of a EuCl{sub 3}.H{sub 2}O solution was measured and absorption cross-section of Eu{sup 3+} was estimated. The observed overlap predicts a resonant energy transfer from Tetracycline to Eu{sup 3+}. The microscopic parameter of energy transfer was obtained using the overlap integral calculation considering a dipole-dipole energy transfer mechanism and results were compared considering an energy transfer by exchange. In this work, we report also the optical properties of Tc-Eu complex when urea hydrogen peroxide is added to the aqueous solution.

2007-01-15

276

Condensation heat transfer in a steam-water stratified flow

Fundamental phenomena of condensation heat transfer at a steam-water interface have been studied related to the thermo-hydrodynamics of the emergency core cooling system for light water reactors. In this study temperature fluctuations near the interface and in the liquid phase were measured using fine thermocouples for a saturated steam-subcooled water co-current stratified two-phase flow in a nearly horizontal rectangular channel, and heat transfer coefficients were determined experimentally. The values of the condensation heat transfer coefficients in this experiment are from 6 to 40 kW/m{sup 2}K. In the regions of high Reynolds numbers, as the steam Reynolds numbers become larger, the average interfacial heat transfer coefficients tend to increase. The corelations of Nusselt numbers were obtained from the heat transfer data. (author)

1999-07-01

277

A metal matrix for heat transfer enhancement during phase-change processes

Fundamental phenomena of condensation heat transfer at a steam-water interface have been studied related to the thermo-hydrodynamics of the emergency core cooling system for light water reactors. In this study temperature fluctuations near the interface and in the liquid phase were measured using fine thermocouples for a saturated steam-subcooled water co-current stratified two-phase flow in a nearly horizontal rectangular channel, and heat transfer coefficients were determined experimentally. The values of the condensation heat transfer coefficients in this experiment are from 6 to 40 kW/m"2K. In the regions of high Reynolds numbers, as the steam Reynolds numbers become larger, the average interfacial heat transfer coefficients tend to increase. The corelations of Nusselt numbers were obtained from the heat transfer data. (author)

1999-04-19

278

The nucleotide sequence and organization of nuclear 5S rRNA genes in yellow lupine

A metal matrix is inserted into a phase-change material to enhance the heat transfer during phase-change processes. The metal matrix tends to act like a heat transfer fin from the heated or cooled surface and to increase the effective thermal conductivity of the phase-change fluid. The scope of the study involves numerically modeling the heat transfer to and from constant-temperature cylindrical tubes surrounded by water during the freezing and melting processes. Comparisons of heat transfer with and without the metal matrix are made, with different porosities and densities of the metal matrix being examined. The results of this study are discussed in terms of the effectiveness of the metal matrix as a heat transfer enhancement device.

1994-12-31

279

[Cloning of the gene for thermostable Thermus aquaticus YT1 DNA polymerase and its expression in Escherichia coli].

We have isolated a genomic clone containing 'Lupinus luteus' 5S ribosomal RNA genes by screening with 5S rDNA probe clones that were hybridized previously with the initiator methionine tRNA preparation (contaminated) with traces of rRNA or its degradation products). The clone isolated contains ten repeat units of 342 bp with 119 bp fragment showing 100% homology to the 5S rRNA from yellow lupine. Sequence analysis indicates only point heterogeneities among the flanking regions of the genes. (author). 6 refs, 3 figs.

1993-01-01

280

Unmasking Stem/Progenitor Cell Properties in Differentiated ...

Using the phasmid vector pSL5, the genomic DNA fragment of T. aquaticus YT1 which contained the thermostable DNA polymerase (Taq-polymerase) gene was cloned. The BglII fragment of this genome locus was subcloned in the BamHI site of the pUC19 plasmid. To optimize the Taq-polymerase gene expression in E. coli cells, the gene was cloned in the correct reading frame regarding the initiation ATG codon of the pPR-TGATG-1 expression vector. The gene expression in this vector was controlled by the phage lambda PR promoter and the temperature-sensitive phage lambda repressor. We used PCR to amplify the short 5'-end fragment of the Taq-polymerase gene coding for the part into which an artificial SacI site was introduced. This site has been used for cloning the PCR product into the pPR-TGATG-1 vector, and the missing gene part was cloned into the KpnI site of the PCR ...

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

281

The innate immune repertoire in Cnidaria - ancestral complexity and stochastic gene loss

... In addition to changes in BrdU, we also observed transient changes in p63 gene expression in the myoepithelial/stem cell layer. ...

2007-08-01

282

The burden of genetically determined eye disease.

BackgroundCharacterization of the innate immune repertoire of extant cnidarians is of both fundamental and applied interest - it not only provides insights into the basic immunological...Full Text Available

2007-01-01

283

The DFNA5 gene, responsible for hearing loss and involved in cancer, encodes a novel apoptosis-inducing protein

We determined the underlying aetiology of blindness for the registered blind population of the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador. In both 1981 and 1984 single-gene disorders accounted for 30% of...Full Text Available

1986-09-01

284

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

DFNA5 was first identified as a gene causing autosomal dominant hearing loss (HL). Different mutations have been found, all exerting a highly specific gain-of-function effect, in which skipping of exon 8 causes the HL. Later reports revealed the involvement of the gene in different types of cancer. Epigenetic silencing of DFNA5 in a large percentage of gastric, colorectal and breast tumors and p53-dependent transcriptional activity have been reported, concluding that DFNA5 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in different frequent types of cancer. Despite these data, the molecular function of DFNA5 has not been investigated properly. Previous transfection studies with mutant DFNA5 in yeast and in mammalian cells showed a toxic effect of the mutant protein, which was not seen after transfection ...

2011-01-01

285

The Arc of synaptic memory

Sleeping Beauty Transposition From Nonintegrating Lentivirus

The immediate early gene Arc is emerging as a versatile, finely tuned system capable of coupling changes in neuronal activity patterns to synaptic plasticity, thereby optimizing information...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

286

Sequence features involved in the mechanism of 3' splice junction wobbling

Lentiviral vectors enter cells with high efficiency and deliver stable transduction through integration into host chromosomes, but their preference for integration within actively transcribing genes...Full Text Available

2009-07-01

287

Science@Berkeley Lab Magazine

BackgroundAlternative splicing is an important mechanism mediating the diversified functions of genes in multicellular organisms, and such event occurs in around 40-60% of human...Full Text Available

288

will soon recreate by slamming lead nuclei into one another. S@BL image Irrelevant Regulators Pinpointing the interactions of genes with their assumed regulators grows ever more...

2011-08-19

289

Ras history

Probiotic-Induced Priming of Innate Immunity to Protect Against Rotaviral Infection

Although the roots of Ras sprouted from the rich history of retrovirus research, it was the discovery of mutationally activated RAS genes in human cancer in 1982 that stimulated an...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

290

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Understanding of probiotic-induced regulatory gene expression and networking is critical to further explore their roles in controlling infection. Transcriptional profile of selected innate immune genes in primary bovine intestinal epithelial cells was assessed over a time course of incubation with the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v. Based on gene expression results, a time point was chosen to prime epithelial cells with the probiotic prior to infection with rotavirus. Plaque assays and genomic analysis provided the basis for establishing the efficacy of probiotics in preventing a rotaviral infection. Plaque assays revealed that the probiotic is capable of decreasing (at least by 100-fold) the levels of live virus when the cells were primed with the probiotic. Results from gene expr...

2010-01-01

291

Prestin and high frequency hearing in mammals

Photorhabdus luminescens genes induced upon insect infection

Recent evidence indicates that the evolution of ultrasonic hearing in echolocating bats and cetaceans has involved adaptive amino acid replacements in the cochlear gene prestin. A substantial...Full Text Available

2011-03-01

292

Ovine reference materials and assays for prion genetic testing

BackgroundPhotorhabdus luminescens is a Gram-negative luminescent enterobacterium and a symbiote to soil nematodes belonging to the species Heterorhabditis...Full Text Available

293

Ovarian Gene Expression is Stable after Exposure to Trichloroethylene

BackgroundGenetic predisposition to scrapie in sheep is associated with several variations in the peptide sequence of the prion protein gene (PRNP). DNA-based tests...Full Text Available

294

Norepinephrine represses the expression of toxA and the siderophore genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Exposure of female rats to trichloroethylene (TCE), an environmental toxicant commonly found in ground and surface waters throughout the United States, reduces the fertilizability of oocytes...Full Text Available

2008-02-28

295

Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section

Among the different extracellular virulence factors produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are exotoxin A (ETA) and the pyoverdine and pyochelin siderophores. Production of ETA...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

296

Microarray-based gene expression profiles of silkworm brains

The Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section conducts studies using human epithelial cells to assess: activation of proto-oncogenes by chemical and physical carcinogens; inactivation and dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes by chemical and physical

297

Mapping of the human cone transducin {alpha}-subunit (GNAT2) gene to 1p13 and negative mutation analysis in patients with Stargardt disease

BackgroundMolecular genetic studies of Bombyx mori have led to profound advances in our understanding of the regulation of development. Bombyx mori brain,...Full Text Available

298

Male Reproductive Proteins and Reproductive Outcomes

We report localization of the human cone transducin (GNAT2) gene using fluorescence in situ hybridization on chromosome 1 in band p13. The recent assignment of a gene for Stargardt disease to the same chromosomal region by linkage analysis prompted us to investigate the possible role of GNAT2 in the pathogenesis of this disease. We investigated 66 unrelated patients for mutations in the coding region of the GNAT2 gene using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and direct sequencing. No disease-specific mutations were found, indicating that GNAT2 is probably not involved in the pathogenesis of most cases of Stargardt disease. 19 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

1995-01-01

299

KMeyeDB: a graphical database of mutations in genes that cause eye diseases

Male reproductive proteins (MRPs), associated with sperm and semen, are the moieties responsible for carrying male genes into the next generation. Evolutionary biologists have focused on their...Full Text Available

2008-06-01

300

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

KMeyeDB () is a database of human gene mutations that cause eye diseases. We have substantially enriched the amount of data in the database, which now contains information about the mutations of 167 human genes causing eye-related diseases including retinitis pigmentosa, cone-rod dystrophy, night blindness, Oguchi disease, Stargardt disease, macular degeneration, Leber congenital amaurosis, corneal dystrophy, cataract, glaucoma, retinoblastoma, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and Usher syndrome. KMeyeDB is operated using the database software MutationView, which deals with various characters of mutations, gene structure, protein functional domains, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers, as well as clinical data for each case. Users can access the database using an ordinary Internet browser wi...

2010-01-01

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301

Human and rat mast cell high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptors: Characterization of putative. alpha. -chain gene products

The authors have cloned and determined the entire nucleotide sequence of cDNAs corresponding to the putative {alpha} subunits of the human and rat mast cell high-affinity IgE receptors. Both human and rat cDNAs encode an NH{sub 2}-terminal signal peptide, two immunoglobulin-like extracellular domains (encoded by discrete exons), a hydrophobic transmembrane region, and a positively charged cytoplasmic tail. The human and rat {alpha} subunits share an overall homology with one another and the immunoglobulin gene family, suggesting that they arose from a common ancestral gene and continue to share structural homology with their ligands. In addition, the rat gene is transcribed into at least three distinct forms, each of which yields a somewhat different coding sequence.

1988-03-01

302

GrainGenes 2.0

Genomic imprinting and the social brain

Proceedings of the 11th IWGS Proceedings of the 8th IOC TREP, Release 10 Barley QTL Community Curation Workbook CIMMYT International Nursery Data Brachypodium website Rye...

2011-10-01

303

Gene repression by minimal lac loops in vivo

Genomic imprinting refers to the parent-of-origin-specific epigenetic marking of a number of genes. This epigenetic mark leads to a bias in expression between maternally and paternally inherited imprinted...Full Text Available

2006-12-29

304

Gene Networks and the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Puberty

The inflexibility of double-stranded DNA with respect to bending and twisting is well established in vitro. Understanding apparent DNA physical properties in vivo is...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

305

Expression of an ampG like gene in Herbaspirillum seropedicae strain SmR1 is regulated by naringenin and its product appears to be involved in the determination of LPS structure

A sustained increase in pulsatile release of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus is an essential, final event that defines the initiation of mammalian puberty. This...Full Text Available

2010-08-05

306

Effect of postharvest water deficit stress on gene expression in heads of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)

No abstract prepared.

2009-07-01

307

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Harvested plant organs such as heads of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) experience a range of stresses that can lead to premature reduction in quality and eventual senescence. Understanding plant responses to stress may open up novel opportunities to extend postharvest life. One of the first stresses experienced by harvested organs is likely to be water deficit stress since severance of the vascular system halts the normal flux of water into the tissue. For broccoli branchlets with their cut ends held in water, transcriptome analysis based on hybridization of broccoli floret mRNA to a heterologous Arabidopsis microarray revealed that the transcript abundance of 431 genes reliably changed within 48h of harvest. Of these, transcripts of 146 genes increased and 34 genes decreased...

2011-01-01

308

Effect of an Ostertagia ostertagi infection on the transcriptional stability of housekeeping genes in the bovine abomasum

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a widely used tool to study host responses against parasites. A crucial step in the gene quantification process is the normalization of the expression data against stable housekeeping genes (HKGs). However, in recent years, several reports have showed that the transcriptional levels of such HKGs can change dramatically, especially when cellular changes appear in the tissues investigated. The aim of the current study was to assess the variability of 11 putative HKGs in bovine abomasal tissue during an infection with the parasitic nematode Ostertagia ostertagi. Gene transcription levels of selected potential HKGs were measured by qRT-PCR and the expression stabilities evaluated using geNorm, NormFinder, and The Mann-Whitney-U test. The analysis showed ...

2011-01-01

309

Development of a Suite of Luciferase Gene Probes for the ...

Detection of polychlorinated biphenyl degradation genes in polluted sediments by direct DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction

... between 2 strains is acquired by adding the lengths of the connecting branches, using the scale which depicts 1 amino acid substitution per 10 ...

2011-05-15

310

Defective gut function in drop-dead mutant Drosophila

It was the aim of this study to specifically detect the DNA sequences for the bphC gene, the meta-cleavage enzyme of the aerobic catabolic pathway for biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyl degradation, in aquatic sediments without prior cultivation of microorganisms by using extraction of total DNA, PCR amplification of bphC sequences, and detection with specific gene probes. The direct DNA extraction protocol used was modified to enhance lysis efficiency. Crude extracts of DNA were further purified by gel filtration, which yielded DNA that could be used for the PCR. PCR primers were designed for conserved regions of the bphC gene from a sequence alignment of five known sequences. The specificity of PCR amplification was verified by using digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes which were located internal to the amplified gene sequence. The detection limit for the bphC gene of Pseudomonas ...

1993-12-01

311

DNA Analysis of mtDNA COI Gene in the Sharp-toothed Eel (Muraenesox cinereus Forskal) from Yeosu, Jinhae, Jeju, Goseoung, Jangheung and Haenam Populations in Korea Using PCR-aided RFLP

Mutation of the gene drop-dead (drd) causes adult Drosophila to die within 2 weeks of eclosion and is associated with reduced rates of defecation...Full Text Available

2009-09-01

312

Conjugative Botulinum Neurotoxin-Encoding Plasmids in Clostridium botulinum

Full Text Available

313

Conditional Circadian Regulation of PHYTOCHROME A Gene Expression

BackgroundClostridium botulinum produces seven distinct serotypes of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). The genes encoding different subtype neurotoxins of serotypes...Full Text Available

314

Comparative and phylogenomic studies on the mitochondrial genomes of Pentatomomorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

The phytochrome photoreceptors and the circadian clock control many of the same developmental processes, in all organs and throughout the growth of Arabidopsis plants. Phytochrome A (phyA) provides...Full Text Available

2001-12-01

315

Cholinesterase for Prophylactics of Poisoning by Organophosphorous Inhibitors

BackgroundNucleotide sequences and the gene arrangements of mitochondrial genomes are effective tools for resolving phylogenetic problems. Hemipteroid insects are known to possess...Full Text Available

316

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

The Production of Highly Active Human Blood Plasma Butyrylcholinesterase Preparation by Gene Engineering Methods to Create Protective Means against Poisoning by Organophosphorous Cholinesterase Inhibitors

317

Characterization of cry Genes in a Mexican Bacillus thuringiensis Strain Collection

Characterization of chicken octamer-binding proteins demonstrates that POU domain-containing homeobox transcription factors have been highly conserved during vertebrate evolution

Mexico is located in a transition zone between the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographical regions and contains a rich and unique biodiversity. A total of 496 Bacillus thuringiensis...Full Text Available

1998-12-01

318

Channelrhodopsin-2 gene transduced into retinal ganglion cells restores functional vision in genetically blind rats

The DNA sequence motif ATTTGCAT (octamer) or its inverse complement has been identified as an evolutionarily conserved element in the promoter region of immunoglobulin genes. Two major DNA-binding proteins that bind in a sequence-specific manner to the octamer DNA sequence have been identified in mammalian species--a ubiquitously expressed protein (Oct-1) and a lymphoid-specific protein (Oct-2). During characterization of the promoter region of the chicken immunoglobulin light chain gene, the authors identified two homologous octamer-binding proteins in chicken B cells. when the cloning of the human gene for Oct-2 revealed it to be a member of a distinct family of homeobox genes, they sought to determine if the human Oct-2 cDNA could be used to identify homologous chicken homeobox genes. Using a human Oct-2 homeobox-specific DNA probe, they were able to identify 6-10 ...

1990-02-01

319

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

To test the hypothesis that transduction of the channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) gene, a microbial-type rhodopsin gene, into retinal ganglion cells of genetically blind rats will restore functional vision, we recorded visually evoked potentials and tested the experimental rats for the presence of optomotor responses. The N-terminal fragment of the ChR2 gene was fused to the fluorescent protein Venus and inserted into an adeno-associated virus to make AAV2-ChR2V. AAV2-ChR2V was injected intravitreally into the eyes of 6-month-old dystrophic RCS (rdy/rdy) rats. Visual function was evaluated six weeks after the injection by recording visually evoked potentials (VEPs) and testing optomotor responses. The expression of ChR2V in the retina was investigated histologically. We found that VEPs could not b...

2010-01-01

320

Cancer gene discovery in mouse and man

Browse Conditions - Genetics Home Reference

AbstractThe elucidation of the human and mouse genome sequence and developments in high-throughput genome analysis, and in computational tools, have made it possible to profile entire...Full Text Available

2009-12-01

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321

Australian experience with herbicide tolerant (HT) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton

Home A service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine® Home Conditions Genes Chromosomes Handbook Glossary Resources Genetic Conditions > Browse Conditions 1-9 | A | B | C...

2011-09-24

322

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Australia?s nationally consistent framework for gene technology regulation is underpinned by the Gene Technology Act 2000, administered by an independent decision-maker, the Gene Technology Regulator. The object of the Act is ?to protect the health and safety of people, and to protect the environment, by identifying risks posed by or as a result of gene technology, and by managing those risks through regulating certain dealings with genetically modified organisms?. Marketing and trade impacts are outside the scope of assessments required by the Act. Since 2001, seven licences have been issued for the commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) cotton with insect resistance and/or herbicide tolerance. Licences have also been issued for 32 GM cotton field trials with a broader range ...

2011-01-01

323

Association and expression study of synapsin III and schizophrenia

Artificial and natural duplicates in pyrosequencing reads of metagenomic data

The synapsin III gene, SYN3, which belongs to the family of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins, has been implicated in the modulation of neurotransmitter...Full Text Available

2009-11-20

324

ALK, the Key Gene for Gelatinization Temperature, is a Modifier Gene for Gel Consistency in Rice

BackgroundArtificial duplicates from pyrosequencing reads may lead to incorrect interpretation of the abundance of species and genes in metagenomic studies. Duplicated reads were...Full Text Available

325

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important parameter in evaluating the cooking and eating quality of rice. Indeed, the phenotype, biochemistry and inheritance of GT have been widely studied in recent times. Previous map-based cloning revealed that GT was controlled by ALK gene, which encodes a putative soluble starch synthase II-3. Complementation vector and RNAi vector were constructed and transformed into Nipponbare mediated by Agrobacterium. Phenotypic and molecular analyses of transgenic lines provided direct evidence for ALK as a key gene for GT. Meanwhile, amylose content, gel consistency and pasting properties were also affected in transgenic lines. Two of four nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in coding sequence of ALK were identified as essential for GT. ...

2011-01-01

326

A systematic RNAi screen reveals involvement of endocytic pathway in neuronal dysfunction in a-synuclein transgenic C. elegans

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Mutations or multiplications in a-synuclein gene cause familial forms of Parkinson disease or dementia with Lewy bodies (LB), and the deposition of wild-type a-synuclein as LB occurs as a hallmark lesion of these disorders, collectively referred to as synucleinopathies, implicating a-synuclein in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathy. To identify modifier genes of a-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity, we conducted an RNAi screen in transgenic C. elegans (Tg worms) that overexpress human a-synuclein in a pan-neuronal manner. To enhance the RNAi effect in neurons, we crossed a-synuclein Tg worms with an RNAi-enhanced mutant eri-1 strain. We tested RNAi of 1673 genes related to nervous system or synaptic functions, and identified 10 genes that, upon knockdown, caused severe growth/motor abnormalit...

2008-01-01

327

A child with hyperferritinemia: Case report

A Hybrid Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Method to Discover Biclusters in Microarray Data

Hereditary hyperferritinemia cataract syndrome (HHCS) is a rare condition caused by mutations in the gene coding for the light chain of ferritin; it does not lead to iron overload, but it is associated...Full Text Available

328

The Mechanism and the Magnitude of Flow Boiling Augmentation in Tubes with Discrete Surface Roughness Elements (III).

In recent years, with the development of microarray technique, discovery of useful knowledge from microarray data has become very important. Biclustering is a very useful data mining technique for discovering genes which have similar behavior. In microarray data, several objectives have to be optimized simultaneously and often these objectives are in conflict with each other. A Multi Objective model is capable of solving such problems. Our method proposes a Hybrid algorithm which is based on the Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization for discovering biclusters in gene expression data. In our method, we will consider a low level of overlapping amongst the biclusters and try to cover all elements of the gene expression matrix. Experimental results in the bench mark database show a significant improvement in both overlap among biclusters and coverage of elements in the gene expression matrix.

2009-01-01

329

Technical, TO 31R2-2FRC181-31, F Publication Transfer ...

Related to other research on the effectiveness of flow boiling heat transfer augmentation using various types of turbulators this investigation comprises a definitive study of the effect of large discrete roughness elements on heat transfer over the entir...

1972-01-01

330

Stagnation region heat transfer: The influence of turbulence parameters, Reynolds number and body shape

... Title : Technical, TO 31R2-2FRC181-31, F Publication Transfer Using: O'Neil & Associates' Data Supporting ESC/MSL's MILSTAR Program, MIL ...

1994-08-05

331

Semiclassical aspects of transfer reactions

The effect of velocity gradient on stagnation region heat transfer augmentation by free stream turbulence was investigated. Heat transfer was measured in the stagnation region of four models with elliptical leading edges with ratios of major to minor axes of 1:1, 1.5:1, 2.25:1, and 3:1. Four geometrically similar, square bar, square mesh, biplane grids were used to generate free stream turbulence with different intensities and length. Heat transfer measurements were made for the following ranges of parameters: Reynolds number, based on leading edge diameter, 37,000 to 228,000; dimensionless leading edge velocity gradient, 1.20 to 1.80; turbulence intensity, 1.1 to 15.9%; and length scale to leading edge diameter ratio, 0.05 to 0.30. Stagnation point heat transfer augmentation by free stream turbulence can be predicted using a modified version of a previously developed correlation for a circular leading ...

1994-02-01

332

Plasmid Transfer between Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Strains in Laboratory Culture, River Water, and Dipteran Larvae

Semiclassical analysis of heavy ion induced transfer reactions are discussed for the quasielastic region. Some unique aspects of these reactions are shown, the variety of features which can be understood semiclassically is demonstrated, and some open problems are indicated. 28 refs., 16 figs. (LEW)

1985-01-01

333

Laboratory simulation of a deep-ocean in-situ heat-transfer experiment

Plasmid transfer between strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was studied under a range of environmentally relevant laboratory conditions in vitro,...Full Text Available

2001-01-01

334

Laboratory simulation of a deep-ocean in-situ heat-transfer experiment

The Subseabed Disposal Program has recently completed a 30-day, 0.286-scale laboratory simulation of an In Situ Heat Transfer Experiment (ISHTE), scheduled for eventual deployment in the deep ocean 600 nautical miles north of Hawaii. 10 figures.

1982-01-01

335

Heat transfer. Fundamentals. 5. rev. ed.

The Subseabed Disposal Program has recently completed a 30-day, 0.286-scale laboratory simulation of an In Situ Heat Transfer Experiment (ISHTE), scheduled for eventual deployment in the deep ocean 600 nautical miles north of Hawaii. 10 figures.

1982-09-22

336

Heat Transfer Augmentation in a Compact Heat Exchange Pedestal Array.

This textbook contains the following main topics: Heat conductivity, convection, condensation and evaporation, radiation heat transfer and heat exchangers. It includes the physical foundations for all these aspects and many examples. (orig.)

337

Heat Transfer Augmentation in Turbulent Impinging Jets.

A compact heat exchanger pedestal array for augmenting heat transfer in a machine is disclosed. The compact heat exchanger pedestal array includes a wall having first and second surfaces. The first surface faces a heated flow path and the second surface p...

2004-01-01

338

Gas Turbine Blade Heat Transfer Augmentation by Impingement of Air Jets Having Various Configurations.

Heating and cooling by impinging jets is widely used in various engineering applications, due to the high heat transfer rates prevailing in the vicinity of the stagnation point. The authors have been able to utilize acoustically excited turbulence for the...

1979-01-01

339

Fixation Techniques for Split Anterior Tibialis Transfer in Spastic Equinovarus Feet

An experimental investigation of heat transfer characteristics for various configurations of air jets impinging on the leading edge inner surface of a gas turbine blade wall is presented. Three configurations were investigated, namely a slot jet, a round ...

1970-01-01

340

Experimental Study of a Method of Mechanical Augmentation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients in Air.

Equinovarus of the foot is the most common lower extremity deformity following traumatic brain injury. We evaluated outcomes of the split anterior tibialis tendon transfer (SPLATT) for correction of...Full Text Available

2008-10-01

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341

Creating genetically modified pigs by using nuclear transfer

Scraped-surface heat transfer augmentation is proposed as a possible technique for use in improved air-cooling designs. Although it has been in common use with liquids, the technique has apparently never been used with gases. An experimental investigation...

1974-01-01

342

Benzene Enabling Document for Standards on Benzene Transfer and Waste Operations.

Nuclear transfer (NT) is a procedure by which genetically identical individuals can be created. The technology of pig somatic NT, including in vitro maturation of oocytes, isolation and treatment of...Full Text Available

343

Augmentation of heat transfer in a tube with an oscillating thin plate. Shindohen sonyu ni yoru enkannai netsudentatsu sokushin

On February 27, 1990, standards for Benzene were promulgated for benzene transfer and benzene waste operations. The benzene enabling document summarizes these standards. The basic purpose of the document is to assist the EPA regional enforcement personnel...

1990-01-01

344

War and Escalation in South Asia

An attempt is made to augment the heat transfer efficiency by means of inserting an oscillating thin plate into a tube of the shell and tube heat exchanger. However, the heat transfer augmenting mechanism has not been fully explained. To elucidate this heat transfer augmenting mechanism, an investigation was given on the heat transfer characteristics of a tube inlet at its preliminary run area when a double-hinged oscillating thin plate is inserted in the inlet. As a result of the experiment, the heat transfer augmentation in the tube as a result of inserting the double-hinged oscillating thin plate was found effective when the preliminary inlet run area is treated as the object. However, in comparison of the effect with the heat transfer in a fully developed turbulent region, it was {eta}- 1. The result thus obtained explains that no sufficient turbulence can ...

1991-09-01

345

Ultrasonic enhancement of heat transfer on narrow surface

... TTP tactics, techniques, and procedures UCP Unified ... be sold or transferred to Pakistan, pursuant to ... substantial amounts of those funds being spent ...

2011-05-13

346

The effect of the shear rate-dependent thermal conductivity of non-Newtonian fluids on the heat transfer in a pipe flow

Ultrasonic enhancement of heat transfer on a narrow surface was measured by changing the width of the surface from 8 to 0.1 mm. Ultrasonic power of 600 W with a frequency of 40 kHz was used. Heat transfer on the narrow surface without ultrasonic vibration was correlated by the experimental equation for a thin wire. The cavitation intensity was measured by the cavitation erosion loss of an aluminum foil of 15 [mu]m thickness. The effects of acoustic streaming and cavitation were separated by this measurement. Heat transfer by acoustic streaming was predicted through forced convection. Enhancement by cavitation was explained by the turbulence thermal conductivity of the microjets.

1994-06-01

347

Tests of Turbulators for Fire-Tube Boilers.

The present study investigates the effect of the shear rate-dependent thermal conductivity of non-Newtonian fluids on the heat transfer enhancement in a pipe flow. The constant heat flux as thermal boundary condition was adopted in the thermally developed region. The present analytical results show the heat transfer enhancement over those of a shear rate-independent thermal conductivity fluid. The heat transfer coefficient ratio (h/h{sub 0}) linearly increase with the non-dimensional average velocity difference which is the product of the shear rate-dependence of the thermal conductivity and wall-shear rate.

1996-09-01

348

Technology Transfer. Volume 2

... Originator-supplied keywords include: Turbulators, Heat transfer augmentation, Enhancement, Fire tube boilers. (Author). ...

1982-10-01

349

Teachers' understanding of culture and transference of culture : two investigations in the Norwegian region, Telemark, with special reference to cultural heritage

... table (ASCAMP) system and the Military Strategic and Tactical Relay (Milstar) program. 10 ... Single Channel Antijam Milstar Portable Terminal ...

1992-04-01

350

Norwegian Open Research Archives (NORA)

Full Text Available

351

Research workshop on energy conservation through enhanced heat transfer

Potential gas entry into FFTF after a postulated pipe rupture

Seven papers were presented at the meeting. A separate abstract was prepared for each paper. (LCL)

1979-10-01

352

Parachute-like brake, in particular for the fuel-assembly transfer carriages of nuclear reactors

... failures fftf reactor heat transfer hydraulics loss of coolant pipes primary coolant

353

Pairing effect in the nucleon transfer processes in quasi-elastic heavy ion scattering

... brakes lmfbr type reactors breeder reactors epithermal reactors fast reactors

354

MINEQL-PC. Chemical Equilibrium Composition of Aqueous Systems

... range krypton 86 reactions molybdenum 92 target probability quasi-elastic

1987-04-14

355

Impingement-Film Heat Transfer Investigation.

MINEQL is a subroutine package to calculate equilibrium composition of an aqueous system, accounting for mass transfer.

1986-11-21

356

Heat transfer equipment design

... Abstract : This report covers the investigation of an impingement-film cooling system designed to cool the exhaust ducts of turboshaft engines ...

1973-12-01

357

Heat transfer augmentation in inverted annular film boiling

A comprehensive presentation is made of state-of-the-art configurations and design methodologies for heat transfer devices applicable to industrial processes, automotive systems, air conditioning/refrigeration, cryogenics, and petrochemicals refining. Attention is given to topics in heat exchanger mechanical design, single-phase convection processes, thermal design, two-phase exchanger thermal design, heat-transfer augmentation, and rheological effects. Computerized analysis and design methodologies are presented for the range of heat transfer systems, as well as advanced methods for optimization and performance projection.

1988-01-01

358

Final Report: Local Heat Transfer and CHF for Subcooled Flow Boiling, September 15, 1992 - May 14, 1998

(Jun 1982). United States Edelman, Z. Chambre, P. Eilas, E. Naot, D. Technion,

1982-06-11

359

Excitation Energy Transfer Study of the Spatial Relationship ...

No abstract prepared.

1998-08-01

360

Convective heat transfer under unsteady impinging jets: the effect of the shape of the unsteadiness

... closely correlated to the amount of re- centration. The molar extinction coefficients were agent added to the enzyme. The naphtha- ...

1988-02-15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

361

Analysis of laminar flow and heat transfer in the entrance region of an internally finned concentric circular annular duct

Unsteady impinging jets are systematically controlled with respect to their time dependence in order to investigate the influence of unsteadiness on the heat transfer performance. This is achieved by a special mass flow control device, which allows almost arbitrary shapes of unsteadiness to be imposed onto the impinging jet. Three different standard signals (sinusoidal, triangular, rectangular) and two specially designed signals are applied and their influence on heat transfer is determined in terms of an enhancement factor. Heat transfer augmentation up to 30% was found and could be physically explained with the help of PIV and hot-wire measurements of the flow field.

2009-10-01

362

An investigation of turbulent convection heat transfer performance in spiral spring coil inserted tubes

The concentric circular annular duct is a common geometry in many fluid flow and heat transfer devices. For the purpose of heat transfer augmentation, fins are often employed in the annular region, and such finned ducts find wide application in compact heat exchangers (5, 6). The analysis of flow and heat transfer in this geometry is, therefore, quite important from an engineering standpoint. For fully developed conditions, the problem has already been analyzed (7-10). However, no results are available for the developing flow in the entrance region. It is with this latter problem that the present paper is concerned.

1987-05-01

363

A Review of Test Medium Contamination Effects on Test ...

This paper presents the results of the experimental investigation on heat transfer and fluid friction characteristics of a class of spiral spring coil used as a tube side forced convection heat transfer augmentation devices. Based on a lot of experimental data, the heat transfer correlation and fluid friction correlation revised by temperature were reached in terms of linear regression. At the same time, proper criteria were used to evaluate the economic performance of the spiral spring inserted tube according to the demand of practical application and some probing analysis were made.

1996-01-01

364

25th Space Simulation Conference. Environmental Testing: The Earth-Space Connection

... solid particle contamination. Solid particulate impact is a good mechanism for surface heat transfer augmentation. The aug ...

1998-01-01

365

In vitro evaluation of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase reporter system in dynamic studies of transcriptional gene regulation

Topics covered include: Methods of Helium Injection and Removal for Heat Transfer Augmentation; The

2008-01-01

366

Thermal performance of solar air collectors with a passive heat transfer augmentation technique

The herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) reporter system is being used to directly and indirectly monitor therapeutic gene expression, immune cell trafficking and protein-protein interactions in various living animals. However, the issues of HSV1-TK enzyme stability in living cells and whether this reporter system is optimal for dynamic studies of gene expression events in genetic imaging have not be addressed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the application of this reporter system in dynamic studies of transcriptional gene regulation. To achieve this purpose, we established two tetracycline-inducible murine sarcoma cell lines, tetracycline-turn-off HSV1-tk-expressing cell line (NG4TL4/tet-off-HSV1-tk) and tetracycline-turn-off Luc-expressing cell line (NG4TL4/tet-off-Luc), to create an artificially regulated gene expression model in vitro. The dynamic transcriptional ...

2006-07-15

367

Proceedings of the 1991 ASME JSME thermal engineering joint conference

One of the main disadvantages of solar air collectors in practical applications is their relatively low efficiency. In this experimental investigation, the shape and arrangement of absorber surfaces of the collectors were reorganized to provide better heat transfer surfaces suitable for the passive heat transfer augmentation techniques. The performance of such solar air collectors with staggered absorber sheets was tested. The experimental results show that it is possible to provide 10 to 25% enhancement in the efficiency compared to the conventional solar air collectors. (authors)

2000-07-01

368

Off-line and on-line-monitoring of power transformers using the transfer function method

This book is organized under the following headings: Electrohydrodynamic heat transfer augmentation; Forced convection augmentation and heat transfer control; Turbulent heat transfer; Thermal problems in the environment; Energy conversion systems; Measurement, visualization, and imaging; Thermal problems in space technology; and Thermal properties.

1991-03-17

369

Nucleon transfer contribution to the absorptive heavy ion potential by the Monte Carlo simulation method

The transfer function concept is well known as an additional method to evaluate the impulse test of power transformers in the test laboratory. Another application for the transfer function method is monitoring of transformers in service. Thereby, Off-line and On-line monitoring can be realized. Both kinds of monitoring are demonstrated with on-site measurements on a power transformer in service.

1996-12-31

370

Magnetic resonance studies of photosynthetic reaction centers and porphyrins

The Monte Carlo simulation method is applied to calculate the nucleon transfer part of the imaginary optical-model potential in colliding heavy ions. In the process of transfer of nucleons from one nucleus to the other, forward and backward neutrons and protons are treated separately by taking into consideration the effect of the Coulomb forces and the potential energy surfaces (driving forces). The Pauli exclusion principle is also incorporated properly in the calculation.

1988-08-08

371

Korea-IAEA Unattended Safeguards Approach on the Spent Fuel Transfer to Dry Storage in Wolsung NPP

During the period covered by this report research has been concerned with the study of photo-induced electron transfer reactions from porphyrins to acceptor molecules with time-resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) methods. Excited-state electron transfer reactions are of importance from a fundamental point of view and in connection with applications in homogeneous and heterogeneous photosensitization, photopolymerization, and solar energy conversions. For this reason, the study of photo-induced electron transfer reactions is of considerable interest.

1989-11-01

372

Korea-IAEA Unattended Safeguards Approach on the Spent Fuel Transfer to Dry Storage in Wolsung NPP

The field trial of an unattended monitoring system for SF transfer verification ended in June 2005. The system is aiming to improve the safeguards measures applied during SF transfers and reduce inspection effort currently required by the Operator, NNCA and the IAEA. They were reviewed based on its technical performance and other issues in this paper.

2006-07-01

373

Isotopic effects on solubility-limited mass transfer

The field trial of an unattended monitoring system for SF transfer verification ended in June 2005. The system is aiming to improve the safeguards measures applied during SF transfers and reduce inspection effort currently required by the Operator, NNCA and the IAEA. They were reviewed based on its technical performance and other issues in this paper.

2006-05-25

374

High temperature heat transfer augmentation

In our previous theoretical analyses, solubility-limited mass transfer from waste solids applies if a species is at a constant elemental concentration in liquid at the waste surface. For an element with isotopes that decay appreciably during the time of interest, a solubility boundary condition results in a time-dependent boundary concentration of each isotope. Here we present mass-transfer equations that include the effects of isotopic decay boundary conditions. 9 refs., 1 fig.

1989-06-01

375

Heat transfer from magneto-rheological fluid dampers

The heat transfer augmentation is reviewed in view of high temperature heat exchangers illuminating the contribution of radiative heat transfer. A number of means and/or devices are presented as well as the sophisticated concept which will be promoted to the extended applications in matured industries such as iron and steel, oir refinery, petro-chemical. It should be emphasized that the more creative and innovatory technology has to be promoted in order to stimulate and refresh the foregoing industries, recognizing the increasing importance of the energy resources.

1985-08-01

376

Heat transfer augmentation by interrupted surfaces - Experimental considerations

This paper presents a theoretical study of heat transfer from magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) dampers. A lumped system model is developed which is capable of predicting the temperature rise for any size MRF damper. As a case study example, finned and unfinned dampers are compared for automotive-size MRF dampers. The results demonstrate that heat transfer from these devices can be enhanced considerably with the use of fins.

2000-04-01

377

Free convection heat and mass transfer to steady flow in a semi-infinite vertical porous medium

An experimental study was undertaken to determine for the turbulent regime the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of a heat exchange array of unperforated, and perforated brass plates with 33% of the plate area open. In both cases, the plates were aligned parallel to the flow direction. For the flow conditions examined, the results showed enhancement of heat transfer and friction factor for the perforated array.

1987-08-01

378

Effect of ultrasonic waves on boiling heat transfer. 2

Analytical solutions are derived for a flow in a semi-infinite vertical porous medium with heat and mass transfer. When the temperature and mass concentration are uniform a constant pressure is possible and sustains a fully developed flow. Thereafter there is a small perturbation on the wall temperature and concentration and the subsequent two-dimensional problem is tackled for a large Prandtl number, free convection parameters and small Reynolds number. The heat transfer rate at the wall is discussed quantitatively.

1988-02-01

379

Effect of ultrasonic waves on boiling heat transfer

This report focuses on a better understanding of the physical phenomenon related to the enhancement of boiling and non-boiling heat transfer by applying ultrasonic waves. Experimental results obtained both in a pool of water and in a vertically upward water flow proved clearly that macroscopic acoustic steam induced by ultrasonics is a major contribution to heat transfer augmentation. (author).

1993-05-01

380

Design and procurement report for the FFTF fuel handling systems bottom-loading transfer cask

This report focuses on a better understanding of the physical phenomenon related to the enhancement of boiling and non-boiling heat transfer by applying ultrasonic waves. Experimental results obtained both in a pool of water and in a vertically upward water flow proved clearly that macroscopic acoustic stream induced by ultrasonics is a major contribution to heat transfer augmentation. (author).

1993-07-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

381

Bibliography of US patents on augmentation of convective heat and mass transfer

The Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) bottom-loading transfer cask (BLTC) system is designed to provide ex-vessel fuel transfers of irradiated reactor components between the reactor containment building and the LMFBR shipping cask in the reactor service building. This system is being procured from National Lead Industries, Wilmington, Delaware, under management of Aerojet Manufacturing Company.

1975-11-16

382

Air-side flow and heat transfer in compact heat exchangers: A discussion of enhancement mechanisms

Granted patents are an important source of information on the potential commercialization of augmented heat transfer technology. This report presents a bibliography of US patents pertinent to that technology. The total number of patents cited is 321. They are presented in three separate lists: by patent number, alphabetically by first inventor, and by augmentation techniques (with secondary arrangement according to mode of heat transfer).

1980-09-01

383

Wake-up-call, a lin-52 paralogue, and Always early, a lin-9 homologue physically interact, but have opposing functions in regulating testis-specific gene expression

The behavior of air flows in complex heat exchanger passages is reviewed with a focus on the heat transfer effects of boundary-layer development, turbulence, spanwise and streamwise vortices, and wake management. Each of these flow features is discussed for the plain, wavy, and interrupted passages found in contemporary compact heat exchanger designs. Results from the literature are used to help explain the role of these mechanisms in heat transfer enhancement strategies.

1998-10-01

384

Uteroglobin gene expression in the rabbit uterus throughout gestation and in the fetal lung. Relationship between uteroglobin and eicosanoid levels in the developing fetal lung.

A conserved multi-subunit complex (MybMuvB, MMB), regulates transcriptional activity of many different target genes in Drosophila somatic cells. A paralogous complex, tMAC, controls...Full Text Available

2011-07-15

385

Transcription of the E2F-1 gene is rendered cell cycle dependent by E2F DNA-binding sites within its promoter.

Uteroglobin (UG) gene encodes a cytokine-like, multifunctional, antiinflammatory protein, with potent phospholipase A2-inhibitory activity. It has been suggested that during implantation this protein...Full Text Available

1995-07-01

386

The effect of pyramiding Phytophthora infestans resistance genes R_Pi-mcd1 and R_Pi-ber in potato

The cell cycle-regulatory transcription factor E2F-1 is regulated by interactions with proteins such as the retinoblastoma gene product and by cell cycle-dependent alterations in E2F-1 mRNA abundance....Full Text Available

1994-10-01

387

The distribution of active RNA polymerase II along the transcribed region is gene-specific and controlled by elongation factors

Despite efforts to control late blight in potatoes by introducing R_pi-genes from wild species into cultivated potato, there are still concerns regarding...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

388

The Putative Natural Killer Decoy Early Gene m04 (gp34) of Murine Cytomegalovirus Encodes an Antigenic Peptide Recognized by Protective Antiviral CD8 T Cells

In order to study the intragenic profiles of active transcription, we determined the relative levels of active RNA polymerase II present at the 3′- and 5′-ends of 261 yeast genes by...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

389

TerF, the sixth identified replication arrest site in Escherichia coli, is located within the rcsC gene.

Several early genes of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) encode proteins that mediate immune evasion by interference with the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) pathway of antigen presentation...Full Text Available

2000-02-01

390

Targeted Capture and Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies C9orf75, Encoding Taperin, as the Mutated Gene in Nonsyndromic Deafness DFNB79

We report the existence of a sixth replication arrest site, TerF, that is located within the coding sequences of the rcsC gene, a negative regulator of capsule biosynthesis. The TerF site is oriented...Full Text Available

1992-12-01

391

Signal transduction pathway controlling synthesis of a class of degradative enzymes in Bacillus subtilis: expression of the regulatory genes and analysis of mutations in degS and degU.

Targeted genome capture combined with next-generation sequencing was used to analyze 2.9 Mb of the DFNB79 interval on chromosome 9q34.3, which includes 108 candidate genes. Genomic...Full Text Available

2010-03-12

392

SWI/SNF and Asf1 Independently Promote Derepression of the DNA Damage Response Genes under Conditions of Replication Stress

The rates of synthesis of a class of both secreted and intracellular degradative enzymes in Bacillus subtilis are controlled by a signal transduction pathway defined by at least four regulatory genes:...Full Text Available

1990-02-01

393

Repetitive satellite-like sequences are present within or upstream from 3 avian protein-coding genes.

The histone chaperone Asf1 and the chromatin remodeler SWI/SNF have been separately implicated in derepression of the DNA damage response (DDR) genes in yeast cells treated with genotoxins that cause...Full Text Available

394

Regulation of expression of a soybean storage protein subunit gene. Progress report

Peculiar DNA sequences made up by the tandem repetition of a 5 bp unit have been identified within or upstream from three avian protein-coding genes. One sequence is located within an intron of the...Full Text Available

1983-03-11

395

Regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells by ccp1, a FGF2 downstream gene

We have found that the methionine repression of the ..beta..-subunit gene expression is not due to degradation of the ..beta..-subunit but is due to an effect on synthesis of the ..beta..-subunit. The effect of methionine on the synthesis of the ..beta..-is due to an inhibition of ..beta..-subunit mRNA synthesis. 3 references, 1 figure.

1984-04-23

396

Quox-1, a quail homeobox gene expressed in the embryonic central nervous system, including the forebrain.

BackgroundCoiled-coil domain containing 115 (Ccdc115) or coiled coil protein-1 (ccp1) was previously identified as a downstream gene of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) highly expressed...Full Text Available

397

Polygalacturonase ?-Subunit Antisense Gene Expression in Tomato Plants Leads to a Progressive Enhanced Wound Response and Necrosis in Leaves and Abscission of Developing Flowers

This paper reports the cloning and sequencing of a quail homeobox-containing gene, Quox-1, and its expression pattern in embryos from 3 to 6 days (E3 to E6) of development as determined by in situ hybridization....Full Text Available

1991-03-15

398

Physical and functional characterization of the gene cluster encoding the polyketide phytotoxin coronatine in Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea.

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Better Boy) plants were transformed with a tomato leaf wound-inducible polygalacturonase (PG) β-subunit gene in the antisense orientation...Full Text Available

2003-10-01

399

PU.1 is a major transcriptional activator of the tumour suppressor gene LIMD1

Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea PG4180 produces the polyketide phytotoxin coronatine. The coronatine synthesis genes in PG4180 were previously shown to reside on a 90-kb plasmid designated p4180A....Full Text Available

1992-03-01

400

Nucleotide sequence of a Euglena gracilis chloroplast gene coding for the 16S rRNA: homologies to E. coli and Zea mays chloroplast 16S rRNA.

LIMD1 is a tumour suppressor gene (TSG) down regulated in ∼80% of lung cancers with loss also demonstrated in breast and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. LIMD1 is also a candidate TSG...Full Text Available

2011-04-06

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

401

Molecular cloning of the N-terminus of GTBP

The nucleotide sequence of 16S rDNA from Euglena gracilis chloroplasts has been determined representing the first complete sequence of an algal chloroplast rRNA gene. The structural part of the 16S...Full Text Available

1982-10-25

402

Molecular characterization of cap3A, a gene from the operon required for the synthesis of the capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3: sequencing of mutations responsible for the unencapsulated phenotype and localization of the capsular cluster on the pneumococcal chromosome.

Defects in mismatch repair genes cause the genetic instability characteristic of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and a subset of sporadic colon tumors. The newest member of the mismatch repair gene family, GTBP, has recently been identified as a partial cDNA. Here, we describe the isolation of its 5{prime} terminus, allowing definition of the entire coding region. Several polymorphisms within the 5{prime} end were identified and are presented. 13 refs., 1 fig.

1996-02-01

403

Metabolomic analysis of the plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum

The complete nucleotide sequence of the cap3A gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is directly responsible for the transformation of some unencapsulated, serotype 3 mutants to the encapsulated phenotype,...Full Text Available

1994-10-01

404

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionThis project is part of the BBSRCs special initiative on plant and microbial metabolomics. The project will primarily focus on the trichothecene mycotoxin producing Ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum (Fg) which causes ear blight disease of small grain cereals. The project aims to explore the metabolome of various wild-type and single gene deletion Fg strains and to compare some of these with the identical gene mutation in the budding yeast, S. cerevisiae (Sc) and the saprophytic filamentous [continued...

2008-01-31

405

LOC387715/HTRA1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration: A HuGE review and meta-analysis

Identification of physochemical factors controlling the capacity of nano-particles to penetrate cells of the respiratory epithelium

PurposeTo examine the association of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with HtrA serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) gene rs11200638 G→A polymorphism and LOC387715/...Full Text Available

406

Environmental Research Database

Objectives1) To establish a protocol for transfection of immortalised type I cells with SiRNA and its effect on cell viability; 2) To optimise silencing of genes involved in endocystosis using SiRNA and confirm successful transfection with western blotting; 3) To investigate the effect of gene silencing on uptake of flourescently-labelled latex nanoparticles.DescriptionTo investigate the mechanisms of particle uptake.

2009-01-31

407

Identification of a novel class of insect glutathione S-transferases involved in resistance to DDT in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.

Human thrombomodulin gene is intron depleted: nucleic acid sequences of the cDNA and gene predict protein structure and suggest sites of regulatory control.

The sequence and cytological location of five Anopheles gambiae glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes are described. Three of these genes, aggst1-8, aggst1-9 and aggst1-10, belong to the insect class...Full Text Available

2001-10-15

408

Gene silencing induced by oxidative DNA base damage: association with local decrease of histone H4 acetylation in the promoter region

We have isolated a human thrombomodulin cDNA, and a human genomic clone containing the putative promoter domain, as well as the translated and untranslated regions of the endothelial cell receptor....Full Text Available

1987-09-01

409

Gene expression profiles deciphering rice phenotypic variation between Nipponbare (Japonica) and 93-11 (Indica) during oxidative stress.

Oxidized DNA bases, particularly 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), are endogenously generated in cells, being a cause of carcinogenic mutations and possibly interfering with gene expression. We found...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

410

Expression of bacterial luciferase in eukaryotic cells

Rice is a very important food staple that feeds more than half the world's population. Two major Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) subspecies, japonica and indica, show significant phenotypic variation in their stress responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenotypic variation are still largely unknown. A common link among different stresses is that they produce an oxidative burst and result in an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, methyl viologen (MV) as a ROS agent was applied to investigate the rice oxidative stress response. We observed that 93-11 (indica) seedlings exhibited leaf senescence with severe lesions under MV treatment compared to Nipponbare (japonica). Whole-genome microarray experiments were conducted, and 1,062 probe sets were identified with gene expression level polymorphisms between the two rice cultivars in addition to differential expression under MV treatment, which were assigned as Core ...

2010-01-08

411

Expression of Genes Encoding F₁-ATPase Results in Uncoupling of Glycolysis from Biomass Production in Lactococcus lactis

Expression of Bacterial luciferase enzyme (lux) in mammalian cells would be a powerful bioreporter protein system for in vivo imaging because eukaryotic luciferases need expensive substrates. However, only a few efforts have been made to express bacterial luciferase enzyme in mammalian cells. As the result of this, we attempted to construct bicistronic vector including two bacterial luciferase genes (LuxA and LuxB) for assessing the potential to be visualized in vitro or in vivo by optical imaging system after transfection to mammalian cells. We designed and synthesized luxA and luxB genes from Photorhabdus Luminescens. To co-express both luxA and luxB genes from a single promoter, we cloned as a bicistronic transcript fused with an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). This bicistronic transcript was transfected by Superfect to HEK 293T cell line. We also transfected lux A and lux B vector to HEK 293T cells separately. To ...

2005-11-18

412

Expression and fine structure of the gene encoding N epsilon-(indole-3-acetyl)-L-lysine synthetase from Pseudomonas savastanoi.

We studied how the introduction of an additional ATP-consuming reaction affects the metabolic fluxes in Lactococcus lactis. Genes encoding the hydrolytic part of the F₁ domain...Full Text Available

2002-09-01

413

Evolution of a cluster of innate immune genes (?-defensins) along the ancestral lines of chicken and zebra finch

The gene encoding N epsilon-(indole-3-acetyl)-L-lysine synthetase, iaaL, from Pseudomonas savastanoi was localized within a 4.25-kilobase EcoRI fragment derived from pIAA1 of oleander strain EW 2009....Full Text Available

1990-08-01

414

Enhanced anti-tumor effects of combined MDR1 RNA interference and human sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) radioiodine gene therapy using an adenoviral system in a colon cancer model

BackgroundAvian β-defensins (AvBDs) represent a group of innate immune genes with broad antimicrobial activity. Within the chicken genome, previous work identified 14 AvBDs...Full Text Available

415

Discordant expression and variable numbers of neighboring GGA- and GAA-rich triplet repeats in the 3' untranslated regions of two groups of messenger RNAs encoded by the rat polymeric immunoglobulin receptor gene.

Using an adenoviral system as a delivery mediator of therapeutic gene, we investigated the therapeutic effects of the use of combined MDR1 shRNA and human NIS (hNIS)...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

416

Cloning of rice DNA and identification of tRNA gene clones

An unusual S1-nuclease sensitive microsatellite (STMS) has been found in the single copy, rat polymeric immunoglobulin receptor gene (PIGR) terminal exon. In Fisher rats, elements within or beyond the...Full Text Available

1995-04-11

417

Cambial-Region-Specific Expression of the Agrobacterium iaa Genes in Transgenic Aspen Visualized by a Linked uidA Reporter Gene1

DNA from 48 hr germinated rice embryos was cut with restriction endonuclease Bam H1 and cloned to the Bam H1 site on plasmid pBR 322. The clones containing recombinant DNA were selected by their sensitivity to tetracycline and resistance to ampicillin. Using /sup 32/P-labelled rice embryos tRNA as a probe two clones were identified to contain tRNA genes by colony hybridization.

1981-10-20

418

Application of a Newly Developed ARB Software-Integrated Tool for In Silico Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Reveals the Dominance of a Novel pmoA Cluster in a Forest Soil

The level of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was locally modified in cambial tissues of transgenic aspen (Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.). We also...Full Text Available

2000-06-01

419

Analysis of the murine All-1 gene reveals conserved domains with human ALL-1 and identifies a motif shared with DNA methyltransferases.

TRF-CUT, an ARB-implemented tool, was developed to predict in silico the terminal restriction fragments of aligned small-subunit rRNA gene or functional gene sequences. Application of this new tool...Full Text Available

2005-03-01

420

Analysis of nifH Gene Pool Complexity in Soil and Litter at a Douglas Fir Forest Site in the Oregon Cascade Mountain Range

A series of translocation break points found in a subset of human acute leukemias have one of the breaks on human chromosome 11q23. This region has recently been cloned and a large gene, ALL-1, with...Full Text Available

1993-07-01

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421

An ALMT1 gene cluster controlling aluminium (aluminum) tolerance at the Alt4 locus of rye (Secale cereale L.)

Nitrogen-fixing microbial populations in a Douglas fir forest on the western slope of the Oregon Cascade Mountain Range were analyzed. The complexity of the nifH gene pool (nifH...Full Text Available

1999-02-01

422

A detailed comparison of the 5'-end of the ovalbumin gene cloned from chicken oviduct and erythrocyte DNA.

Aluminium toxicity is a major problem in agriculture worldwide. Among the cultivated triticeae, rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the most Al-tolerant and represents an important potential source of Al-tolerance for improvement of wheat. The Alt4 Al-tolerance locus of rye contains a cluster of genes...

423

Transcriptome analysis reveals salt-stress-regulated biological processes and key pathways in roots of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

We have examined homologous fragments of DNA cloned from two different tissues for changes in the dNA sequence which might be related to tissue specific gene expression. The 5' end of the chicken ovalbumin...Full Text Available

1980-10-10

424

Ligand carrier protein genes expressed in larval chemosensory organs of Bombyx mori

High salinity is one of the main factors limiting cotton growth and productivity. The genes that regulate salt stress in TM-1 upland cotton were monitored using microarray and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) with samples taken from roots. Microarray analysis showed that 1503 probe sets were up-regulated and 1490 probe sets were down-regulated in plants exposed for 3h to 100mM NaCl, and RT-PCR analysis validated 42 relevant/related genes. The distribution of enriched gene ontology terms showed such important processes as the response to water stress and pathways of hormone metabolism and signal transduction were induced by the NaCl treatment. Some key regulatory gene families involved in abiotic and biotic sources of stress such as WRKY, ERF, and JAZ were differentially expressed. Our transcriptome analysis might provide some useful insights into salt-mediated signal transduction pathways in cotton and offer a ...

2011-04-30

425

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the maxillary galea of the silkworm were analyzed to identify proteins involved in food selection systems. From the 1251 redundant genes of the ESTs, we identified 7 odorant-binding protein-like genes (bmObpL), 6 takeout-like genes (bmToL), and 6 chemosensory protein genes (bmCsp). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that bmObpL1, bmObpL2, bmObpL3, bmObpL5, bmToL1, bmToL3, and bmorCsp15 were predominantly expressed in the larval oral appendages, such as the maxilla, labrum, labium and antenna. Immunocytochemical analysis indicated that the proteins of bmObpL1, bmObpL3, and bmToL1 were localized in the gustatory chemosensilla on the maxillary galea and olfactory sensilla in the antenna. The proteins encoded by bmObpL1 and bmObpL3 were detected in the gus...

2011-01-01

426

Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for growth and reproduction in a nonmodel organism; the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua

INDUCIBLE RNAi-MEDIATED GENE SILENCING USING NANOSTRUCTURED GENE DELIVERY ARRAYS

Recent technological developments have facilitated intensified searches for genetic markers under selection in nonmodel species. Here, we present an approach for the identification of candidate gene variation in nonmodel organisms. We report on the characterization of 82 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and on the development of a specific genotyping assay for 30 SNPs in 18 candidate genes for growth and reproduction in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). These markers can be used for scanning natural populations for signatures of selection in both contemporary and archived historical samples, for example in retrospective studies assessing the effects of environmental changes, such as increasing temperatures, and selection imposed by high fishing pressure. Furthermore, these gene markers may be of interest to aquaculture, serving as a starting point for linking phenotypic traits important for productivity with genotypes and ...

2011-01-01

427

Human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) gene: Complete genomic structure and localization on the genetic map of chromosome 2q

RNA interference has become a powerful biological tool over the last decade. In this study, a tetracycline-inducible shRNA vector system was designed for silencing CFP expression and delivered alongside the yfp marker gene into Chinese hamster ovary cells using impalefection on spatially indexed vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays (VACNFs). The VACNF architecture provided simultaneous delivery of multiple genes, subsequent adherence and proliferation of interfaced cells, and repeated monitoring of single cells over time. Following impalefection and tetracycline induction, 53.1% 10.4% of impalefected cells were fully silenced by the inducible CFP-silencing shRNA vector. Additionally, efficient CFP-silencing was observed in single cells among a population of cells that remained CFP-expressing. This effective transient expression system enables rapid analysis of gene silencing effects using RNAi in single cells and cell ...

2008-01-01

428

Human cytoplasmic actin proteins are encoded by a multigene family

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), a protease inhibitor that circulates in association with plasma lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL), helps to regulate the extrinsic blood coagulation cascade. The authors have cloned a 125-kb genomic region containing the entire human TFPI gene on six overlapping cosmids and prepared a restriction map of this contig to clarify gene structure. More than half (45 kb) of the 85-kb gene is occupied with 5[prime] noncoding elements: coding begins at exon 3. A HindIII RFLP identified with one cosmid was genotyped in the CEPH panel of 559 reference families. Linkage analysis using markers on human chromosome 2 located the TFPI gene on 2q, 36 cM proximal to D2S43(pYNZ15) and 13 cM distal to the crystalline [gamma]-polypeptide locus CRYGP1(p5G1). 31 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

1993-08-01

429

Final report of the specific research. Investigations on the analysis of bio-protective factors against radiation. 1998-2000 FY (Research Group of NIRS)

The authors characterized nine human actin genes that they isolated from a library of cloned human DNA. Measurements of the thermal stability of hybrids formed between each cloned actin gene and ..cap alpha..-, ..beta..-, and ..gamma..-actin mRNA demonstrated that only one of the clones is most homologous to sarcomeric actin mRNA, whereas the remaining eight clones are most homologous to cytoplasmic actin mRNA. By the following criteria they show that these nine clones represent nine different actin gene loci rather than different alleles or different parts of a single gene: (i) the restriction enzyme maps of the coding regions are dissimilar; (ii) each clone contains sufficient coding region to encode all or most of an entire actin gene; and (iii) each clone contains sequences homologous to both the 5' and 3' ends of the coding region of a cloned chicken ...

1982-06-01

430

Expression profiles of PtrLOS2 encoding an enolase required for cold-responsive gene transcription from trifoliate orange

This report concerns investigations in the title conducted by 8 groups of National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) during the period of 1998-2000. The groups are for investigation of: Effects of p53 tumor suppressor gene in radiation-induced leukemia, Role of atm-gene in dose rate effect of ionizing radiation, Function of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PK{sub cs}), Functional complementation of radiation-sensitive mutant M10 cell line by human XRCC4 cDNA expression, Role of radiation-induced apoptosis in digital defects in embryonic mice, Functional analysis of S-phase specific novel nuclear protein NP95 by gene targeting, Role of chemokine in T cell development and lymphomagenesis, and establishment of production techniques of gene-modified mice using embryonic stem cells for genetic analysis of radiation-sensitive genes. The groups describe summaries ...

2002-03-01

431

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Low expression of osmotically responsive genes 2 (LOS2) encodes an enolase (2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, EC 4.2.1.11) that converts 2-phospho-D-glycerate (PGA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in the glycolytic pathway in Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, it is a transcriptional activator of cold-responsive gene, negatively controlling the expression of STZ/ZAT10, a zinc finger transcriptional repressor of cold-responsive gene from Arabidopsis. A novel LOS2 gene, designated PtrLOS2 (GenBank accession number GQ144341), was isolated from trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. The PtrLOS2 cDNA is 1 662 bp in length with a 1 338 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding a deduced 445 amino acid residue protein with a predicted molecular mass of 47.79 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.54. The ded...

2011-01-01

432

Expression of fully functional tetrameric human hemoglobin in Escherichia coli

Copy number and orientation determine the susceptibility of a gene to silencing by nearby heterochromatin in Drosophila

Synthesis genes encoding the human #alpha#- and #beta#-globin polypeptides have been expressed from a single operon in Escherichia coli. The #alpha#- and #beta#-globin polypeptides associate into soluble tetramers, incorporate heme, and accumulate to >5% of the total cellular protein. Purified recombinant hemoglobin has the correct stoichiometry of #alpha#- and #beta#-globin chains and contains a full complement of heme. Each globin chain also contains an additional methionine as an extension to the amino terminus. The recombinant hemoglobin has a C_4 reversed-phase HPLC profile essentially identical to that of human hemoglobin A_0 and comigrates with hemoglobin A_0 on SDS/PAGE. The visible spectrum and oxygen affinity are similar to that of native human hemoglobin A_0. The authors have also expressed the #alpha#- and #beta#-globin genes separately and found that the expression of the #alpha#-globin gene alone results in ...

433

Cloning and sequencing of cDNA encoding human DNA topoisomerase II and localization of the gene to chromosome region 17q21-22

The classical phenomenon of position-effect variegation (PEV) is the mosaic expression that occurs when a chromosomal rearrangements moves a euchromatic gene near heterochromatin. A striking feature of this phenomenon is that genes far away from the junction with heterochromatin can be affected, as if the heterochromatic state {open_quotes}spreads.{close_quotes} We have investigated classical PEV of a Drosophila brown transgene affected by a heterochromatic junction {approximately} 60 kb away. PEV was enhanced when the transgene was locally duplicated using P transposase. Successive rounds of P transpose mutagenesis and phenotypic selection produced a series of PEV alleles with differences in phenotype that depended on transgene copy number and orientation. As for other examples of classical PEV, nearby heterochromatin was required for gene silencing. Modifications of classical PEV by alterations at a single site are ...

1996-02-01

434

Absence of linkage of apparently single gene mediated ADHD with the human syntenic region of the mouse mutant coloboma

Two overlapping cDNA clones encoding human DNA topoisomerase II were identified by two independent methods. In one, a human cDNA library in phage {lambda} was screened by hybridization with a mixed oligonucleotide probe encoding a stretch of seven amino acids found in yeast and Drosophila DNA topoisomerase II; in the other, a different human cDNA library in a {lambda}gt11 expression vector was screened for the expression of antigenic determinants that are recognized by rabbit antibodies specific to human DNA topoisomerase II. The entire coding sequences of the human DNA topoisomerase II gene were determined from these and several additional clones, identified through the use of the cloned human TOP2 gene sequences as probes. Hybridization between the cloned sequences and mRNA and genomic DNA indicates that the human enzyme is encoded by a single-copy gene. The location of the gene was mapped to ...

1988-10-01

435

Time-dependent fluid flow and heat transfer around a circular heated cylinder embedded in a horizontal packed bed of spheres

Attention deficit disorder (ADHD) is a complex biobehavioral phenotype which affects up to 8% of the general population and often impairs social, academic, and job performance. Its origins are heterogeneous, but a significant genetic component is suggested by family and twin studies. The murine strain, coloboma, displays a spontaneously hyperactive phenotype that is responsive to dextroamphetamine and has been proposed as a genetic model for ADHD. Coloboma is a semi-dominant mutation that is caused by a hemizygous deletion of the SNAP-25 and other genes on mouse chromosome 2q. To test the possibility that the human homolog of the mouse coloboma gene(s) could be responsible for ADHD, we have carried out linkage studies with polymorphic markers in the region syntenic to coloboma (20p11-p12). Five families in which the pattern of inheritance of ADHD appears to be autosomal dominant were studied. Segregation analysis of the traits studied suggested ...

1995-12-18

436

Metal Foam Heat Exchangers for Heat Transfer Augmentation from a Cylinder in Cross-Flow

The present study numerically investigates the enhancement of forced convective heat transfer from a single circular cylinder embedded in a packed bed of spherical particles confined by two impermeable parallel plates. The heat transfer results from the heated cylinder, with and without the presence of a porous medium, are compared. The results show that the presence of the porous particles enhances the heat transfer from the cylinder; however, the significant heat transfer augmentation is produced at high Re due to the effect of thermal dispersion. In addition, the effect of Re on Nut is much greater than that of kr and Bi in the porous channel. It is also found that the %?p is much higher than %HTE producing from packing the empty channel.

2010-05-01

437

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A numerical study has been conducted to examine the heat transfer from a metal foam-wrapped solid cylinder in cross-flow. Effects of the key parameters including the free stream velocity and characteristics of metal foam such as porosity, permeability, and form drag coefficient on heat and fluid flow are examined. Being a determining factor in pressure drop and heat transfer increment, the porous layer thickness is changed systematically to observe that there is an optimum layer thickness beyond which the heat transfer does not improve while the pressure drop continues to increase. This has been verified by the application of Bejan?s Intersection of Asymptotes method. Results have been compared to those of a finned-tube heat exchanger to observe much higher heat transfer rate with reasonab...

2011-01-01

438

Mass transfer in horizontal flow channels with thermal gradients

Mass transfer in horizontal flow channels with thermal gradients

Mass transfer to a wall of a horizontal rectangular channel reactor was investigated by the limiting current technique for Reynolds numbers ranging from 200 to 32000. Overall mass transfer coefficients at various mass transfer surface angles were obtained while the reactor was operated under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Dimensionless correlations were developed for isothermal flows from 25 to 55{sup o}C and for non-isothermal flows with applied temperature differences up to 30{sup o}C. In the laminar flow range natural convection dominated, but under turbulent conditions combined natural and forced convection prevailed. Mass transfer was approximately doubled under optimum selection of channel surface rotation, temperature gradient and flow rate. (author)

1997-12-15

439

Fundamental study of heat transfer and flow situation around a spacer (in the case of a cylindrical rod as a spacer)

Mass transfer to a wall of a horizontal rectangular channel reactor was investigated by the limiting current technique for Reynolds numbers ranging from 200 to 32000. Overall mass transfer coefficients at various mass transfer surface angles were obtained while the reactor was operated under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Dimensionless correlations were developed for isothermal flows from 25 to 55"oC and for non-isothermal flows with applied temperature differences up to 30"oC. In the laminar flow range natural convection dominated, but under turbulent conditions combined natural and forced convection prevailed. Mass transfer was approximately doubled under optimum selection of channel surface rotation, temperature gradient and flow rate. (author)

1997-12-01

440

Forced convective heat transfer in cross-corrugated solar air heaters

This paper describes the heat transfer augmentation and the flow situation around a single spacer (a cylindrical rod) on the heated surface of a parallel plate duct in order to examine basically the effects of the spacer in the fuel elements of a high temperature gas-cooled reactor. The ends of the cylindrical rod contact the upper and lower planes. A thermosensitive liquid crystal film is used to indicate the effective area for the heat transfer. The mean Nusselt number, which is estimated within the optional distance from the spacer to the downstream direction, peaks at a dimensionless distance of X/D = 1-3, and after that decreases gradually with the flow direction. The manner in which heat transfer corresponds to the flow situation is also examined. The horseshoe vortex, produced around the spacer, affects the wake and contributes to the increase of the local heat transfer. (author).

1988-01-01

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441

Facilitated Proton Transfer by a Novel 2-Aminothiazole Derivative Across the Water/1,2-Dichloroethane Interface

Forced convective heat transfer in a cross-corrugated channel solar air heater has been studied experimentally using air as a working fluid. The channel was formed by two transversely positioned corrugated sheets and two flat thermally insulated side walls. One corrugated sheet was heated by a radiant heater, while the other was thermally insulated. The fluid velocity and temperature, and the wall temperature and the local heat flux across the heated corrugated sheet were measured for a variety of operating flow rates. Experimental results for the channel geometry have yielded the correlation Nu = 0.0743 (Re)[sup 0.76]. This heat-transfer coefficient is about 2.8 times that of a smooth flat channel. The experiments showed that local heat transfer rate was smaller on the valley of the corrugation than that on the peak. The ratio of the local heat transfer rates on the two locations was related to the ...

1994-11-01

442

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The behavior of proton transfer facilitated by a novel thiazole derivative, N-methyl-4-(4-phenoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-amine (MPPT), across the water/1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) interface was investigated electrochemically. The ionic partition diagram for MPPT was obtained from interpretation of the cyclic voltammograms. The apparent partition coefficient of MPPT was evaluated by the shaking-flask method under experimental conditions, while that for the protonated form of MPPT was calculated from its transfer potential obtained from the ionic partition diagram. It was suggested that the mechanism for transfer of MPPT across the water/1,2-DCE) interface depends on the pH of the aqueous phase. The parameters of the facilitated proton transfer across the water/1,2-DCE interface were evaluated as ...

2011-01-01

443

Exploring the potential energy surface for proton transfer in acetylacetone

Application of Combined Enhanced Techniques for Design of Highly Efficient Air Heat Transfer Surface

The portion of the potential energy surface (PES) of acetylacetone relevant for the intramolecular proton transfer reaction is studied using ab initio and DFT methods. The best estimate of the barrier governing proton transfer was found to be 3.4 kcal mol{sup -1} at the MP4(FC)/6-311 + G(2d,2p)//MP2(FC)/6-311 + G(2d,2p) level of theory. Six stationary points on the PES were characterized as well as the reaction paths connecting these points. Special attention paid to the pathway of intramolecular proton transfer reveals that the internal rotation of the methyl group adjacent to the carbonyl group and the proton transfer reaction are consecutive processes.

2004-11-15

444

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In order to reduce the size and cost of heat exchangers, an air-side wavy fin-and-tube heat transfer surface with three-row tubes needs to be replaced by two-row tubes with some appropriate enhancing techniques. The major purpose of the present paper is to search for such new structure by numerical simulation. First, longitudinal vortex generators of Delta-winglet type are tried. The influence of number and of arrangement of the winglets on the performance of the heat transfer surface is studied in detail. The numerical results show that the fin with two winglets aligned spanwise in the front and rear of each tube (Fin W6) has higher heat transfer capability than other enhanced structures with vortex generators, but it still unable to meet the heat transfer requirement. Then a combination ...

2012-01-01

445

Analysis of WITCH/LINER experiments on heat transfer between gas-agitated steel melt and vertical wall

A study of binary mixture boiling: boiling site density and subcooled heat transfer

The analysis for the WITCH/LINER experiments was performed to investigate the heat transfer characteristics between the gas-agitated steel melt and the vertical surface. The applicability of heat transfer correlations for a gas-agitated fluid system was examined through the numerical analysis of the one-dimensional heat conduction taking into account the crust formation due to the solidification of the steel melt. The heat transfer correlation developed by Konsetov was modified for the application to fluids with low Prandtl number. The constant in the modified correlation was empirically found mainly through the comparison between the analysis and the experiments under conditions that a churn-turbulent two-phase flow regime was anticipated to form. The modified Konsetov correlation could predict the heat transfer characteristics observed through the experiments in an acceptable level. (author)

1999-10-01

446

A note on the flow and heat transfer enhancement in a channel with built-in winglet pair

(Boiling site densities and heat-transfer coefficients have been measured for ethanol-water and ethanol-benzene mixtures at 1.01 bar for a heated vertical brass disk. A strong effect of composition on the boiling site density was observed, which was attributed to the nature of the activation of the boiling surface and mass diffusion effects. The boiling heat-transfer coefficient was found to decrease with increasin subcooling, but for the mixtures at a given level of subcooling the decrease was less than that for the single components and azeotropic mixtures.) The heat-transfer coefficient at a given heat flux was seen to be quite insensitive to the very large increase in boiling site density in comparing the pure water and the ethanol-water azeotrope results, leading one to question pool boiling models that predict heat-transfer rates on the basis of boiling site density.

1985-05-01

447

A fundamental study of the heat transfer and flow situation around a spacer

Counter rotating longitudinal vortices produced by winglet in a channel are known to enhance heat transfer. In the present investigation the flow structure and heat-transfer enhancement by a winglet pair of non-zero thickness has been studied. A delta winglet pair type vortex generator is placed in a hydrodynamically developed and thermally developing laminar channel flow. Computations are done by solving the unsteady, three-dimensional, incompressible Navier-Strokes equations and energy equation using a modified Marker-and-Cell (MAC) method. The flow structure is complex and consists of main, corner and induced vortices. It is observed that as compared to a channel without winglets, the heat transfer is enhanced by 33% when single winglet is used and by 67% when a winglet pair is employed. Effects of thickness of the winglets and Reynolds number on the heat transfer augmentation are presented.

2007-04-01

448

COOLOD, Steady-State Thermal Hydraulics of Research Reactors

This paper describes the heat transfer augmentation and flow situation around a single spacer (a circular cylinder) on a heated surface in a parallel plate duct in order to examine basically the effects of the spacer in the fuel elements of a High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor. A thermosensitive liquid crystal film was used to clarify the effective region of the heat transfer. The mean Nusselt number, which was estimated within arbitrary distance from the spacer to the downstream direction, took a peak at the dimensionless distance X/D = 1 #approx# 3, and after that decreased gradually with flow direction. How heat transfer corresponds to the flow situation is also examined. The horseshoe vortex, produced around the spacer, affects the wake and contributes to the increase of the local heat transfer. (author).

1986-01-01

449

The TSG-6/HC2-mediated transfer is a dynamic process shuffling heavy chains between glycosaminoglycans

1 - Description of program or function: The COOLOD-N2 code provides a capability for the analyses of the steady-state thermal-hydraulics of research reactors. This code is a revised version of the COOLOD-N code, and is applicable not only for research reactors in which plate-type fuel is adopted, but also for research reactors in which rod-type fuel is adopted. In the code, subroutines to calculate temperature distribution in rod-type fuel have been newly added to the COOLOD-N code. The COOLOD-N2 code can calculate fuel temperatures under both forced convection cooling mode and natural convection cooling mode. A 'Heat Transfer package' is used for calculating heat transfer coefficient, DNB heat flux etc. The 'Heat Transfer package' is a subroutine program and is especially developed for research reactors in which plate-type fuel is adopted. In case of rod-type fuel, DNB heat flux is calculated by both the 'Heat ...

450

Hydrogen isotope effects in hydride transfer reactions of formaldehyde and glyoxal

The heavy chain (HC) subunits of the bikunin proteins are covalently attached to a single chondroitin sulfate (CS) chain originating from bikunin and can be transferred to different hyaluronan (HA) molecules by TSG-6/HC2. In the present study, we demonstrate that HCs transferred to HA may function as HC donors in subsequent transfer reactions, and we show that the CS of bikunin may serve as an HC acceptor, analogous to HA. Our data suggest that TSG-6/HC2 link HCs randomly on the CS chain of bikunin, in contrast to the ordered attachment observed during the biosynthesis. Moreover, the results show that the transfer activity is indifferent to the new HC position, and the relocated HCs are thus prone to further TSG-6/HC2-induced transfer reactions. The data suggest that HCs may be transferred directly from HA to HA without the involvement of the bikunin CS chain. ...

2010-01-01

451

Heat transfer in parallel plate duct with a sinusoidal wave plate uniaxially inserted (1st). Effect of wave length on heat transfer augmentation

In the presence of hydroxyl anion, both formaldehyde and glyoxal are known to undergo rearrangements involving intermolecular and intramolecular hydride transfer (the Cannizzaro and Benzilic acid rearrangements respectively). The authors report ab initio SCF-MO calculations of the transition state geometries, the activation barriers, and the hydrogen isotope effects for these two reactions. The structure of the transition state for the rection involving formaldehyde is usually basis set dependent, becoming more linear and symmetrical as the basis set size increases. In contrast, the analogous transition state for the glyoxal reaction involves a highly non-linear hydride transfer. They find the isotope effects to be quite low for the Cannizzaro reaction, and significantly larger for the non-linear benzilic acid rection, in apparent contradiction to Westheimer's suggestion the isotope effects reach a maximum for linear hydrogen ...

1987-04-01

452

Heat transfer augmentation in 3D internally finned and microfinned helical tube

High-performance heat transfer augmentation methods applicable in the forced convection field of heat exchangers include a method which requires no external drive means, such as the insertion of a turbulence augmentation object into the flow passage and the use of a wave-shaped flow passage, but disturbs the main stream of flow to raise the heat transportation effect thereby to augment heat transfer in the flow passage. The heat transfer characteristics and thermal performance ratio achieved when sinusoidal-shape plates are inserted instead of augmentation objects, such as cylinders, with a high shape-induced resistance were studied. As a result, the relationship between the resistance coefficient, average Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient, and pitch was clarified. It has been revealed that the use of eddies with a large gap flow and recirculation area should be considered in order to get a ...

1988-09-01

453

Experimental simulation of heat transfer augmentation by break-jets in passive containment cooling system

Experiments are performed to investigate the single-phase flow and flow-boiling heat transfer augmentation in 3D internally finned and micro-finned helical tubes. The tests for single-phase flow heat transfer augmentation are carried out in helical tubes with a curvature of 0.0663 and a length of 1.15 m, and the examined range of the Reynolds number varies from 1000 to 8500. Within the applied range of Reynolds number, compared with the smooth helical tube, the average heat transfer augmentation ratio for the two finned tubes is 71% and 103%, but associated with a flow resistance increase of 90% and 140%, respectively. A higher fin height gives a higher heat transfer rate and a larger friction flow resistance. The tests for flow-boiling heat transfer are carried out in 3D internally micro-finned helical tube with a curvature of 0.0605 and a length of 0.668 m. Compared with that in ...

2005-05-01

454

Conjugate heat transfer of a finned tube. Part B: Heat transfer augmentation and avoidance of heat transfer reversal by longitudinal vortex generators

The studies of forced jet augmentation of natural convection heat transfer are introduced. It investigates experimentally mixed convection and heat transfer augmentation by forced jets in a large rectangular enclosure with a vertical cooling surface. The experiment is designed to measure the key parameters governing the heat transfer augmentation by a forced jet, and to investigate the effects of geometric factors, including the jet diameter, jet injection orientation, interior structures, and enclosure aspect ratio, on conditions simulating those of actual passive containment cooling systems and scales approaching those of actual containment buildings or compartments. The tests that cover a variety of injection modes will contribute to reveal the nature of mixing and stratification phenomena under accident conditions to a new generation of inherently safe reactors. With similarity considerations on governing equations, the ...

2010-02-01

455

Radiation accidents in the Southern Urals (1949-1967) and human genome damage.

Numerical investigations of three-dimensional flow and heat transfer in a finned tube with punched longitudinal vortex generators (LVG`s) are carried out for Reynolds number of 250 and 300. Air with a Prandtl number of 0.7 is used as the fluid. The flow is both thermally and hydrodynamically developing. The LVG is a delta winglet pair (DWP) punched out of the fin and is located directly behind the tube, symmetrically separated by one tube diameter. The DWP generates longitudinal vortices in the wake of the tube, defers flow separation on the tube, deflects the main stream into the tube wake, and strong reduces the ``dead water zone.`` Heat transfer reversal is avoided by the DWP. Comparison of the span-averaged Nusselt numbers for the fin with and without DWP shows significant local heat transfer enhancement of several hundred percent in the tube wake. For Re = 300 and Fi = 200 the global heat transfer ...

1995-08-01

456

Glial inflammation and neurodegeneration induced by candoxin, a novel neurotoxin from Bungarus candidus venom: global gene expression analysis using microarray.

A series of radioactive catastrophes (from 1948 to 1967) in the Southern Urals in the USSR led to intensive environmental contamination. Radioactive wastes were dispersed over the 20000 km(2) territory of four provinces-Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen' and Kurgan-due to the activity of the military facility that was built in 1948 for the production of nuclear bomb plutonium. The results of 50 years of investigations into the consequences of these disasters allow a general picture of the events that occurred to be reconstructed and allow the medical consequences of the irradiation of about half a million residents to be depicted. However, due to the atmosphere of secrecy and inadequate medical procedures, the results of medical studies of radiation victims are scant. The current protocols present a unique opportunity to study the DNA damage at the nucleotide resolution level in the genome of inhabitants of the given region, who presumably received chronic doses of irradiation. Studies ...

2002-11-01

457

Gene rearrangement and radiation carcinogenesis

Candoxin (PDB #1JGK), a three-finger neurotoxin from Bungarus candidus venom, inhibits post-synaptic neuromuscular and neuronal alpha7nACh-receptors, and induces delayed cell-death throughout the glial population. When applied to cultured human glial cell lines, candoxin (CDX) induced cell death in a concentration (EC(50) approximately 1muM) and time dependent manner. Results of TUNEL-histochemistry further confirm CDX-induced brain (hippocampus, frontal cortex, and temporal regions) damage when administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v) in adult mice. In this study, we explored differential gene expression profiles following exposure of human glial (Hs 683) cell lines to CDX at various time intervals using Affymetrix-GeneChips. By means of MAS and GeneSpring analyses, 105 genes whose expression was significantly (P<0.01) altered by at least 3-fold were selected. Results of the genome analysis ...

2005-11-23

458

Gene Repressive Activity of RIP140 Through Direct Interaction with CDK8.

The development of leukemia and thyroid cancer is characterized by activation of the abl oncogene and ret oncogene, respectively. In order to clarify the relationship between these gene aberrations and radiation, the pro-myelogenous leukemia-derived cell line HL60 and the thyroid cancer-derived cell line 8505C, were irradiated in vitro with 100Gy of X-rays. RNA was then extracted from 10"8 cells of the respective cell lines and examined by the reverse transcription PCR method for rearrangements of abl and ret genes. Five kinds of positive bands were observed in the HL-60 cells irradiated with 100Gy of X-ray. Similarly, six positive bands were also observed in the 8505C cells irradiated with 100Gy. In vitro X-irradiation activation of oncogenes found in radiation induced cancers imply that gene rearrangement by X-rays is involved in the development of malignant tumors. Furthermore, in an experiment to detect radiation ...

1993-11-01

459

The effects of chemicals in the presence of cellophane on X-ray-induced point mutation and gene conversion in Aspergillus midulans

Receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a coregulator for numerous nuclear receptors and transcription factors and primarily exerts gene-repressive activities on various target genes. We previously identified a spectrum of posttranslational modifications on RIP140 that augment its property and biological activity. In T(3)-triggered biphasic regulation of cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (Crabp1) gene along the course of fibroblast-adipocyte differentiation, we found TRAP220(MED1) critical for T(3)-activated chromatin remodeling whereas RIP140 essential for T(3)-repressive chromatin remodeling of this gene promoter. In this current study, we aim to examine whether and how RIP140 replaces TRAP220(MED1) on the CrabpI promoter in differentiating adipocyte cultures. We find increasing recruitment of RIP140 to this promoter, with corresponding reduction in TRAP220(MED1) recruitment during the ...

2011-08-25

460

Taxa-specific heat shock proteins are over-expressed with crowding in the Australian plague locust

The presence of washed or unwashed cellophane alone or together with a bleomycin, mitomycin C or hydrochlorothiazide, ('Esidrex') showed no appreciable effect on survival of either unirradiated or irradiated conidia. Irradiation for a period of 20min reduced the survival of conidia to 20%. The growth of irradiated conidia in the presence of bleomycin, mitomycin C or Esidrex is associated with a 2- to 3-fold increase in the frequency of gene convertants, but was not accompanied by an increase in point mutants. When conidia were grown on cellophane but otherwise treated as before the frequency of gene convertants was increased 8-fold, but induction of point mutants was negligible. This effect was the same for irradiated and unirradiated conidia. The environment created by the cellophane in contract with the medium appears to affect the action of each of the three compounds synergistically. (author).

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461

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Most heat shock proteins (Hsps) function as molecular chaperones that help organisms to cope with stress. Although the best empirical evidence is related to heat shock, there is evidence that Hsps and their encoding genes are involved in resistance to other ecologically relevant types of stresses such as those imposed by high population density. We quantified density-dependent gene expression of large (i.e. Hsp40, Hsc70 and Hsp90) and small (Hsp20.5, Hsp20.6 and Hsp20.7) heat shock genes in neural tissue of fifth-instar nymphs of the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera, using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Locusts are of particular interest when studying the influence of stress induced by high population density since they show an extreme form of phenotypic plastici...

2011-01-01

462

Molecular analysis of polymerase gamma gene and mitochondrial polymorphism in fertile and subfertile men

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary CAG trinucleotide repeat length in the nuclear polymerase gamma gene (POLg) has been shown to be associated with men with reduced fertility. The present study investigated the frequency of CAG repeat length genotypes and three exonuclease motifs of the POLg in relation to the frequency of mitochondrial nucleotide substitutions. DNA from semen samples of 93 normozoospermic men and 192 non-normozoospermic men was isolated and the specific regions of the genes were amplified by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and sequenced to identify mutations. The genotypic frequencies of pooled POLg CAG repeat lengths, =10/!=10 heterozygotes and !=10/!=10 homozygotes, were significantly different between normozoospermic and non-normozoospermic men (p p POLg genotype. Of the 17 men with non-synonym...

2006-01-01

463

Mannose-binding lectin codon 54 gene polymorphism in relation to risk of nosocomial invasive fungal infection in preterm neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Objective. Preterm neonates are susceptible to infection due to a combination of sub-optimal immunity and increased exposure to invasive organisms. Invasive fungal infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality among preterm infants cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a component of the innate immune system, which may be especially important in the neonatal setting. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of any association between MBL gene polymorphism and nosocomial invasive fungal infection in preterm neonates. Methods. Codon 54 (B allele) polymorphism in exon 1 of the MBL gene was investigated in 31 patients diagnosed as nosocomial invasive fungal infection and 30 control preterm neonates. Results...

2011-01-01

464

Immortalization of human foreskin keratinocytes by various human papillomavirus DNAs corresponds to their association with cervical carcinoma

Identification of pork derivatives in food products by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for halal verification

Normal human foreskin keratinocytes cotransfected with the neomycin resistance gene and recombinant human papillomavirus (HPV) DNAs (types 16, 18, 31, and 33) that have a high or moderate association with cervical malignancy acquired immortality and contained integrated and transcriptionally active viral genomes. Only transcripts from the intact E6 and E7 genes were detected in at least one cell line, suggesting that one or both of these genes are responsible for immortalization. Recombinant HPV DNAs with low or no oncogenic potential for cervical cancer (HPV1a, -5, -6b, and -11) induced small G418-resistant colonies that senesced as did the nontransfected cells. These colonies contained only episomal virus DNA; therefore, integration of HPV sequences is important for immortalization of keratinocytes. This study suggests that the virus-encoded immortalization function contributes to the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma.

1989-01-01

465

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Pork identification in four types of food products, which are sausages and the casings, bread and biscuits, using species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of a conserved region in the mitochondrial (mt) 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was developed. Genomic DNA of the food products were successfully extracted except for the casing samples, where no genomic DNA was detected. The extracted genomic DNA was then subjected to PCR amplification targeting the specific regions of the 12S rRNA gene. The genomic DNA from the food products were found to be of good quality and produced clear PCR products on the amplification of 12S rRNA gene of 387 base pairs (bp) from pork species. The species-specific PCR identification yielded excellent results for identification of pork derivatives...

2007-01-01

466

Identification and characterization of retinoid-active short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases in Drosophila melanogaster

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background In chordates, retinoid metabolism is an important target of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs). It is not known whether SDRs play a role in retinoid metabolism of protostomes, such as Drosophila melanogaster. Methods Drosophila genome was searched for genes encoding proteins with ?50% identity to human retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12). The corresponding proteins were expressed in Sf9 cells and biochemically characterized. Their phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using PHYLIP software. Results A total of six Drosophila SDR genes were identified. Five of these genes are clustered on chromosome 2 and one is located on chromosome X. The deduced proteins are 300 to 406 amino acids long and are associated with microsomal membranes. They recognize all-trans-retinaldehyd...

2009-01-01

467

Hsp90 gene, an additional target for discrimination between the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, and the related species, G. tabacum tabacum

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The heat-shock gene, Hsp90, was targeted as a new variable genomic region to supplement other DNA-based tests for identification and discrimination of Globodera pallida, G. rostochiensis and G. tabacum tabacum. Populations of the potato cyst nematodes, G. pallida and G. rostochiensis (PCN), originating from Canada, France, Belgium and USA, together with two populations of G. tabacum tabacum from the USA and France were used for the amplification of a fragment of the Hsp90 gene. General and specific primers and probes for each species were derived from the consensus and non-consensus regions of the aligned sequences, respectively. A triplex conventional PCR assay, using a general forward and reverse or three specific reverse primers, as well as a real-time PCR using general primers and spec...

2011-01-01

468

Gene expression analysis identifies potential biomarkers of phenanthrene in human hepatocytes (HepG2)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquious in the environment both as natural products and as environmental contaminants. Among PAHs, phenanthrene (PH) that is ubiquitously distributed throughout the environment was subjected in this study. Although environmental distribution and metabolism of PH have been well reported, there are only a few studies examined the expression of mRNA and their functions on PH-induced toxicity. A new paradigm in toxicity screening, toxicogenomic technology represents a useful approach for evaluating the toxic properties of environmental pollutants. In this respect, we elicited the genes which were changed more than 2-fold by analysis of gene expression profiles in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, exposed to PH by using human oligonucleo...

2011-01-01

469

Gene Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Human Bone Marrow Stem Cell-Seeded Tissue-Engineered Grafts

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Tissue-engineered heart valves are prone to early structural deterioration. We hypothesize that cell?scaffold interaction and mechanical deformation results in upregulation of genes related to osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation and thus changes extracellular matrix (ECM) composition in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC)-derived tissue-engineered grafts. hBMSC were expanded and seeded onto poly-glycolic acid/poly-lactic acid scaffold for 14 days. Seeded tissue-engineered constructs (TEC) were subjected to cyclic flexure for 24?h, whereas control TEC was maintained in roller bottles for the same duration. hBMSC, TEC, and mechanically deformed TEC were subjected to gene-array and histological analysis. Expression levels of RNA and/or protein markers related to chondrogenesis...

2011-01-01

470

Functional domain analysis of glass, a zinc-finger-containing transcription factor in Drosophila.

Food-grade gene expression in lactic acid bacteria

The glass gene is required for proper photo-receptor differentiation during development of the Drosophila eye glass codes for a DNA-binding protein containing five zinc fingers that we show is a transcriptional activator. A comparison of the sequences of the glass genes from two species of Drosophila and a detailed functional domain analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster glass gene reveal that both the DNA-binding domain and the transcriptional-activation domain are highly conserved between the two species. Analysis of the DNA-binding domain of glass indicates that the three carboxyl-terminal zinc fingers alone are necessary and sufficient for DNA binding. We also show that a deletion mutant of glass containing only the DNA-binding domain can behave in a dominant-negative manner both in vivo and in a cell culture assay that measures transcriptional activation. PMID:7604032

1995-07-01

471

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract In the 1990s, significant efforts were invested in the research and development of food-grade expression systems in lactic acid bacteria (LAB). At this time, Lactococcus lactis in particular was demonstrated to be an ideal cell factory for the food-grade production of recombinant proteins. Steady progress has since been made in research on LAB, including Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, in the areas of recombinant enzyme production, industrial food fermentation, and gene and metabolic pathway regulation. Over the past decade, this work has also led to new approaches on chromosomal integration vectors and host/vector systems. These newly constructed food-grade gene expression systems were designed with specific attention to self-cloning strategies, food-grade selection...

2011-01-01

472

Epigenetic regulation of autosomal gene expression by sex chromosomes

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Males and females display differences in physiology, behaviour and susceptibility to many diseases. Genome-wide transcription profiling studies have uncovered large-scale sex differences in autosomal gene expression in somatic tissues that are thought to underlie such 'sexual dimorphisms'. Because males and females differ genetically mainly in their sex chromosome complement, most sex differences can be traced back to the X and Y chromosomes. Although sex hormones are usually considered the main architects of sexual dimorphisms, recent studies have demonstrated that sex chromosomes can also induce sex differences in somatic gene expression in the absence of hormonal differences. The recent discovery of epigenetic sex differences that are not hormone-induced brings us closer to understandin...

2011-01-01

473

Effects of chemicals in the presence of cellophane on X-ray-induced point mutation and gene conversion in Aspergillus midulans

Differential expression of farnesyl diphosphate synthase gene from Withania somnifera in different chemotypes and in response to elicitors

The presence of washed or unwashed cellophane alone or together with a bleomycin, mitomycin C or hydrochlorothiazide, ('Esidrex') showed no appreciable effect on survival of either unirradiated or irradiated conidia. Irradiation for a period of 20min reduced the survival of conidia to 20%. The growth of irradiated conidia in the presence of bleomycin, mitomycin C or Esidrex is associated with a 2- to 3-fold increase in the frequency of gene convertants, but was not accompanied by an increase in point mutants. When conidia were grown on cellophane but otherwise treated as before the frequency of gene convertants was increased 8-fold, but induction of point mutants was negligible. This effect was the same for irradiated and unirradiated conidia. The environment created by the cellophane in contract with the medium appears to affect the action of each of the three compounds synergistically.

1984-08-01

474

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Family, Solanaceae), commonly known as Ashwagandha is one of the most valuable medicinal plants synthesizing large number of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites known as withanolides. Though the plant has been well characterized in terms of phytochemical profiles as well as pharmaceutical activities, not much is known about the genes responsible for biosynthesis of these compounds. In this study, we have characterized a gene encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS; EC 2.5.1.10), a key enzyme in the pathway of biosynthesis of isoprenoids, from W. somnifera. The full-length cDNA of Withania somnifera FPPS (WsFPPS) of 1,253?bps encodes a polypeptide of 343 amino acids. The amino acid sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis suggest that WsFPPS...

2011-01-01

475

Codon-modifications and an endoplasmic reticulum-targeting sequence additively enhance expression of an Aspergillus phytase gene in transgenic canola

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Transgenic plants offer advantages for biomolecule production because plants can be grown on a large scale and the recombinant macromolecules can be easily harvested and extracted. We introduced an Aspergillus phytase gene into canola (Brassica napus) (line 9412 with low erucic acid and low glucosinolates) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Phytase expression in transgenic plant was enhanced with a synthetic phytase gene according to the Brassica codon usage and an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal KDEL that confers an ER accumulation of the recombinant phytase. Secretion of the phytase to the extracellular fluid was also established by the use of the tobacco PR-S signal peptide. Phytase accumulation in mature seed accounted for 2.6% of the total soluble proteins. The enzy...

2006-01-01

476

Cloning of the cDNA and gene for a human D sub 2 dopamine receptor

Cloning and characteristics of Brn1 gene in Curvularia lunata causing leaf spot in maize

A clone encoding a human D{sub 2} dopamine receptor was isolated from a pituitary cDNA library and sequenced. The deduced protein sequence is 96% identical with that of the cloned rat receptor with one major difference: the human receptor contains an additional 29 amino acids in its putative third cytoplasmic loop. Southern blotting demonstrated the presence of only one human D{sub 2} receptor gene. Two overlapping phage containing the gene were isolated and characterized. DNA sequence analysis of these clones showed that the coding sequence is interrupted by six introns and that the additional amino acids present in the human pituitary receptor are encoded by a single exon of 87 base pairs. The involvement of this sequence in alternative splicing and its biological significance are discussed.

1989-12-01

477

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The full length cDNA of the Brn1 was first cloned, and then expression of the Brn1 was analyzed and the function was identified by silencing technology. Results show that the full length cDNA of the C. lunata Brn1 gene contains 1001 base pairs and an 801?bp open reading frame encoding 267 amino acids. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis shows that the expression of Brn1 at 96?h is significantly higher than at 24 and 72?h (p?Brn1-silenced transformants were light brown in culture filtrate, and have significantly reduced toxin production relative to the wild-type. These results imply that Brn1 gene in C. lunata is not only involved in 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin synthesis, but is also relatively associated with toxin biosynthesis of the pathogen.

2011-01-01

478

An erythrocyte-specific DNA-binding factor recognizes a regulatory sequence common to all chicken globin genes

Absence of the A4 peptide in the G4 glycinin subunit of soybean cultivar Enrei is caused by a point mutation in the Gy4 gene

The authors have identified a protein present only in erythroid cells that binds to two adjacent sites within an enhancer region of the chicken {beta}-globin locus. Mutation of the sites, so that binding by the factor can no longer be detected in vitro, leads to a loss of enhancing ability, assayed by transient expression in primary erythrocytes. Binding sites for the erythroid-specific factor (Eryf1) are found within regulatory regions for all chicken globin genes. A strong Eryf1 binding site is also present within the enhancer of at least one human globin gene, and proteins from human erythroid cells (but not HeLa cells) bind to both the chicken and the human sites.

1988-08-01

479

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english Functional properties of soy proteins for food are closely related to the composition of their storage protein subunits. Using base excision sequence scanning (BESS), we show that the absence of the A4 peptide in the G4 glycinin subunit of the soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar Enrei was caused by the same point mutation in the Gy4 gene as previously reported in the soybean cultivar Raiden. Although the genetic relationship between Raiden and Enrei is not known, the same p (more) oint mutation in their Gy4 genes may indicate that they probably share a related origin. The application of BESS to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as co-dominant markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of a recessive null allele is also discussed.

2005-09-01

480

A variable gene delivery carrier-biotinylated chitosan/polyethyleneimine

A signature of six genes highlights defects on cell growth and specific metabolic pathways in murine and human hepatocellular carcinoma

A variable gene delivery system has been developed based on conjugating chitosan to biotin through a functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacer, which can be used to further bind different molecules on the outer layer of a polymer/DNA complex by streptavidin (SA)-biotin linkage. In this study, TAT-conjugated SA was used as the model molecule to prove the conjugation function of the prepared complex. In addition, low-molecular-weight poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) was added into the polymer/DNA complex to increase the transfection efficiency. The results of the luciferase assay show that the transfection efficiency of the prepared complex was significantly correlated with the amount of PEI and was further enhanced when TAT was conjugated to the complex by SA-biotin linkage. Considered to have negligible cytotoxic effects, the variable gene delivery complex prepared in this study would be of considerable potential as carriers for in vitro ...

2010-12-01

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481

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a major health problem as it afflicts an increasing number of patients worldwide. Albeit most of the risk factors for HCC are known, this is a deadly syndrome with a life expectancy at the time of diagnosis of less than 1?year. Definition of the molecular principles governing the neoplastic transformation of the liver is an urgent need to facilitate the clinical management of patients, based on innovative methods to detect the disease in its early stages and on more efficient therapies. In the present study, we have combined the analysis of a murine model and human samples of HCC to identify genes differentially expressed early in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis, using a microarray-based approach. Expression of 190 genes was impaired in murine ...

2011-01-01

482

A mechanistic understanding of production instability in CHO cell lines expressing recombinant monoclonal antibodies

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract One of the most significant problems in industrial bioprocessing of recombinant proteins using engineered mammalian cells is the phenomenon of cell line instability, where a production cell line suffers a loss of specific productivity (qP). This phenomenon occurs with unpredictable kinetics and has been widely observed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines and with all commonly used gene expression systems. The underlying causes (both genetic and physiological) and the precise molecular mechanisms underpinning cell line instability have yet to be fully elucidated, although recombinant gene silencing and loss of recombinant gene copies have been shown to cause qP loss. In this work we have investigated the molecular mechanisms underpinning qP instability over long-term sub-cult...

2011-01-01

483

Transfer of chemical elements to breast milk; Transfer von Elementen in die Muttermilch

The transfer of trichloroethylene (TCE) from a shower to indoor air: Experimental measurements and their implications

The project is intended to yield information on the transfer factors describing the transfer of ingested radionuclides to breast milk for the following elements: antimony, cerium, chromium, cobalt, gallium, lanthanum, molybdenum, niobium, radium, ruthenium, silver, thorium, titanium, and uranium. Those yet unknown or poorly known transfer factors are required in order to be able to develop a reliable model for description and assessment of the transfer of the radionuclides and the possibly resulting hazardous doses to infants, and for subsequent formulation of recommendations for radiological protection of the population. (orig./CB) [German] Ziel des Projektes ist die Ermittlung von Transferfaktoren fuer den Uebergang von Radionukliden aus der Nahrung der Muetter in die Muttermilch fuer die Elemente Antimon, Cer, Chrom, Cobalt, Gallium, Lanthan, Molybdaen, Niob, Radium, Ruthenium, Silber, Thorium, Titan ...

1999-08-01

484

Spent Fuel Transfer to Dry Storage Using Unattended Monitoring System

Experiments were performed to measure the transfer of trichloroethylene (TCE), a volatile organic compound (VOC), from tap water in showers to indoor air. In these experiments, the loss of TCE from tap water in the shower is based on the difference between influent and effluent concentrations.We have developed and previously published a three-compartment model, which we use to simulate the 24-h concentration history of VOCs in the shower, bathroom, and remaining household volumes resulting from the use of contaminated tap water. An important input to this model is the transfer efficiency of the VOC from water to air. The experiments reveal that the transfer efficiency of TCE from shower water to air has an arithmetic mean value of 51 percent and an arithmetic standard deviation of 9 percent. Analysis of the results shows that there is no statistically significant difference between the transfer ...

1991-08-01

485

High-efficiency pump for space helium transfer. Final Technical Report

There are 4 CANDU reactors at Wolsung site together with a spent fuel dry storage associated with unit 1. These CANDU reactors, classified as On-Load Reactor (OLR) for Safeguards application, change 16- 24 fuel bundles with fresh fuel in everyday. Especially, the spent fuel bundles are transferred from spent fuel bays to dry storage throughout a year because of the insufficient capacity of spent fuel pond. Safeguards inspectors verify the spent fuel transfer to meet safeguards purposes according to the safeguards criteria by means of inspector's presence during the transfer campaign. For the verification, 60-80 person-days of inspection (PDIs) are needed during approximately 3 months for each unit. In order to reduce the inspection effort and operators' burden, an Unattended Monitoring System (UMS) was designed and developed by the IAEA for the verification of spent fuel bundles ...

2009-05-15

486

Ganglioside GM_1 spontaneous transfer between phospholipid vesicles

A centrifugal pump was developed for the efficient and reliable transfer of liquid helium in space. The pump can be used to refill cryostats on orbiting satellites which use liquid helium for refrigeration at extremely low temperatures. The pump meets the head and flow requirements of on-orbit helium transfer: a flow rate of 800 L/hr at a head of 128 J/kg. The overall pump efficiency at the design point is 0.45. The design head and flow requirements are met with zero net positive suction head, which is the condition in an orbiting helium supply Dewar. The mass transfer efficiency calculated for a space transfer operation is 0.99. Steel ball bearings are used with gas fiber-reinforced teflon retainers to provide solid lubrication. These bearings have demonstrated the longest life in liquid helium endurance tests under simulated pumping conditions. Technology developed in the project also has application ...

1991-12-01

487

Effect of heat transfer augmentation by square rod array in impinging air jet system(heat transfer characteristic of potential core region)

The transfer kinetics of the monosiaylated glycosphingolipid, GM_1, between different size phospholipid vesicles was measured using molecular sieve chromatography. At desired time intervals, small unilamellar donor vesicles were separated from large unilamellar acceptor vesicles by elution from a Sephacryl S-500 column ["3H]-GM_1 net transfer was calculated relative to ["1"4C]-cholesteryl oleate, which served as a nontransferable marker in the donor vesicles. The initial GM_1 transfer rate between 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles at 45"0C deviated slightly from first order kinetics and possessed a half time of 3.6 days. This transfer half time is an order of magnitude shorter than that observed from the desiaylated derivative of GM_1. The transfer kinetics are consistent with the authors recent electron microscopic results suggesting a molecular distribution of GM_1 ...

1986-06-08

488

Core Heat Transfer Model Validation of the TASS/SMR-S Code using the Bennett's Test

This research has been proceeded over the potential core region (H/B=2) of two-dimensional impinging air jet system, in which square rods(width of 6 mm) has been set up in front of heating surface in order to increase heat transfer. The objective of this research was to investigate the characteristics of heat transfer and air flow, in cases of the clearance from rods to heating surface (C = 1, 2, 4, 6 mm) and the pitch between each rods(P = 30, 40, 50 mm) changed. And this research compared the above with the experimentation without rods. As result, heat transfer performance was best under the condition of C = 1 mm, in case clearance changed, and there was no serious difference in the effect of heat transfer augmentation in the case of pitch of rods changed. (author) 11 refs. 12 figs.

1995-07-01

489

Application of automatic inspection system to nondestructive test of heat transfer tubes of primary pressurized water cooler in the high temperature engineering test reactor. Joint research

The SMART (System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor) which is a 330 MWt advanced integral PWR was developed by the KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Institute) for electricity generation and seawater desalination. A thermal hydraulic evaluation and analysis of the SMART is performed by the TASS /SMR-S (Transient And Setpoint Simulation/System integrated Modular Reactor-Safety). The TASS/SMR-S code has various models reflecting the design features of the SMART such as the drift flux model, the core models (core power and core heat transfer model), the component models, and the specific models. One of the core models is the core heat transfer model. The role of this model is to calculate the heat flux and radial temperature profiles at a fuel rod surface using the relevant heat transfer correlations for all of the heat transfer modes. Also it is modeled to meet the requirements of the 10 CFR 50 appendix K EM ...

2010-10-01

490

A study on heat-transfer enhancement by a square-rod array in an impinging jet system

Heat transfer tubes of a primary pressurized water cooled (PPWC) in the high temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR) form the reactor pressure boundary of the primary coolant, therefore are important from the viewpoint of safety. To establish inspection techniques for the heat transfer tubes of the PPWC, an automatic inspection system was developed. The system employs a bobbin coil probe, a rotating probe for eddy current testing (ECT) and a rotating probe for ultrasonic testing (UT). Nondestructive test of a half of the heat transfer tubes of the PPWC was carried out by the automatic inspection system during reactor shutdown period of the HTTR (about 55% in the maximum reactor power in this paper). The nondestructive test results showed that the maximum signal-to-noise ratio was 1.8 in ECT. Pattern and phase of Lissajous wave, which were obtained for the heat transfer tube of the PPWC, were ...

491

Transfer of semantics from argumentation frameworks to logic programming A preliminary report

An impinging jet is a widely used technique for realizing high heat-transfer rates between a fluid and a surface. However, the area of enhanced heat transfer is limited to the neighborhood of the stagnation point. In this study, heat transfer is augmented remote from the stagnation point in an impinging plane jet system by a rod array located near the wall. Each square rod in the array was positioned normal to the flow direction and parallel to the flat plate surface. The distance between the nozzle and the flat plate (H) and the spacing between the rods and the flat plate surface (C) were changed to find the optimum values. The largest heat-transfer augmentation was obtained for C = 1 mm, H/B = 10, where the jet nozzle width is B. In this case, the heat-transfer coefficient averaged over an area 2B from the stagnation point is about 1.6 times greater compared to that without a rod ...

1996-07-01

492

Sophisticated applications of radiation heat transfer

There are various interesting semantics' (extensions) designed for argumentation frameworks. They enable to assign a meaning, e.g., to odd-length cycles. Our main motivation is to transfer semantics' proposed by Baroni, Giacomin and Guida for argumetation frameworks with odd-length cycles to logic programs with odd-length cycles through default negation. The developed construction is even stronger. For a given logic program an argumentation framework is defined. The construction enables to transfer each semantics of the resulting argumentation framework to a semantics of the given logic program. Weak points of the construction are discussed and some future continuations of this approach are outlined.

2011-01-01

493

Optimum profiles for asymmetrical longitudinal fins in annular ducts

A large amount of energy has been consumed so far in so called matured industries such as iron and steel, oil refinery, petrochemical, ceramic, paper and pulp manufacturing and so forth. A successive stimulation on the preceding industries has to be enhanced from a technological viewpoint in order to maintain a further development based on novel and innovative technologies. In this regard, energy technology has become and will be increasingly important in a high temperature system so that the basic concept for heat transfer augmentation methods by thermal radiation is reviewed briefly in accord with the recent developments together with theoretical background and the prominent features. The heat transfer augmentation related to thermal radiation is summarized.

1987-01-01

494

Humidification dehumidification desalination process: Design and performance evaluation

In the present work the geometry of annular ducts with asymmetrical longitudinal fins is optimized in order to enhance the heat transfer under laminar coolant flow conditions. The heat transferred is also maximized for a given amount of material or hydraulic resistance. Polynomial profiles are assigned to the two lateral fin surfaces. Velocity and temperature distributions on the annular duct cross section are determined with the help of a finite-element model. A global heat transfer coefficient and an equivalent Nusselt number are then calculated. Lastly, optimum asymmetrical fins obtained by means of a genetic algorithm are shown for different situations and their performance is compared with those of optimum symmetrical fins.

2000-04-01

495

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper focuses on the design and modeling of the humidification dehumidification desalination (HDH) process. The process is only found on experimental or very small pilot scale. Literature studies are rather limited and it includes a number of experimental investigations, performance evaluation, and measurements of the heat and mass transfer coefficients. This study includes useful and new data on the evaluation of the heat transfer coefficient of the humid air stream in the condenser unit. The analysis develops a correlation for the heat transfer coefficient for the humid air stream as a function of the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. Also, detailed evaluation of the system performance is presented as a function of the system temperatures and the inlet relative humidity of the air strea...

2008-01-01

496

Evaluation of multi-phase heat transfer and droplet evaporation in petroleum cracking flows

Electron transfer with C_6_0 in the gas phase: an overview

A computer code ICRKFLO was used to simulate the multiphase reacting flow of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) riser reactors. The simulation provided a fundamental understanding of the hydrodynamics and heat transfer processes in an FCC riser reactor, critical to the development of a new high performance unit. The code was able to make predictions that are in good agreement with available pilot-scale test data. Computational results indicate that the heat transfer and droplet evaporation processes have a significant impact on the performance of a pilot-scale FCC unit. The impact could become even greater on scale-up units.

1996-04-01

497

Direct surface transfer reaction to the continuum states induced by 341 MeV /sup 20/Ne beam on /sup 197/Au target nuclei

Here I provide a brief overview of recent experimental gas-phase measurements using the Selected-Ion Flow Tube or SIFT technique at 294#+-#2 K with helium buffer gas at 0.35 Torr for reactions which remove electrons from the C_6_0 molecule or donate electrons to singly and multiply-charged C_6_0 cations. The results of these measurements have provided new insight into physicochemical aspects of electron transfer and have revealed the occurrence of unprecedented electron transfer reactions at thermal energies. (author).

1994-03-20

498

Analysis of laminar flow heat transfer in uniform temperature circular tubes with tape inserts

The energy spectra of few-nucleon transfer reactions obtained by bombarding a /sup 197/Au nucleus with the 341 MeV /sup 20/Ne beam of the Berkeley cyclotron have been analysed successfully in terms of direct surface transfer reactions populating the continuum states. At the grazing angle we are dealing with one-step processes; at forward angle two-step processes have to be taken into account.

1985-06-06

499