Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Inferences concerning the lives of extinct animals are difficult to obtain from the fossil record. Here we present a novel approach to the study of extinct carnivores, using a comparison between fossil...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... the hydroxyl group with the benzene ring. The molar extinction coefficients for the various species at their respective absorption ... Glya Recorded by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy TABLE 2 Molar Extinction Coeff...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Protection from extinction of conditioned fear has been demonstrated when a conditioned inhibitor of fear is presented during extinction treatment. The present study assessed if similar results...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... ligands. Wavelength maxima and molar extinction coefficients are given in Tables 1 and 2. Compared to their 9 Page 14. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Page 1. Dynamic Virtual LANs for Adaptive Network Security ... Dynamic Virtual LANs for adaptive network security D. Merani, A. Berni, M. Leonard ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Values of absorption maxima, X.nax, and associated molar extinction coefficients, c, as well as values of the n-octanol/water partition coefficient( ...

Science.gov (United States)

... of perylene were measured with the Shimadzu UV-2500 UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Kyoto, Japan) to determine their molar extinction coefficients. ...

Science.gov (United States)

An experimental study of H-air counterflow diffusion flames (CFDFs) is reported. Coaxial tubular

Science.gov (United States)

Is global warming contributing to amphibian declines and extinctions by promoting outbreaks of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis? Analyzing patterns ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

... 5.9-585/T; thermal stability; solubility in liquid nitrogen, oxygen and Freons; molar extinction coefficients in the visible range and EPR spectrum. ...

CERN Document Server

Mobile Information Systems

Science.gov (United States)

... A control design methodology enabling the adaptive neural augmentation. ... As an example, the problem of designing a neural augmentation system. ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Taking both white noise and colored environmental noise into account, a general stochastic logistic model under regime switching is proposed and studied. Sufficient conditions for extinction, nonpersistence in the mean, weak persistence, stochastic permanence and global attractivity are established. The critical number between weak persistence and extinction is obtained. Moreover, some simulation figures are introduced to illustrate the main results.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Proposals that adaptation with left-shifting prisms induces neglect-like symptoms in normal individuals rely on a dissociation between the post-adaptation performance of individuals trained...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... grants to adopt or adapt courses and materials developed by CCD projects at other institutions, and ... to adopt or adapt CCD-developed courses and materials. -iv- Accomplishments The CCD program has ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The mechanisms that contribute to the extinction of previously acquired memories are not well understood. These processes, often referred to as inhibitory learning, are thought to be parallel...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reliable values of x-ray and gamma-ray attenuation coefficients of elements and compounds are required in spectrometry as well as in many other scientific, engineering and medical disciplines involving photon radiation

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In Experiment I, lever pressing by squirrel monkeys was maintained under a sequence of variable-interval, multiple variable-interval variable-interval, and multiple variable-interval extinction schedules...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Loss of biological diversity because of extinction is one of the most pronounced changes to the global environment. For several decades, researchers have tried to understand how changes in biodiversity...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For sufficiently cool remote gases, the cylindrical stretched flame shows classical ignition-extinction behavior. For remote gas temperatures close to the adiabatic flame temperature, the flame response is qualitatively different, with negative flame speed solutions which may be physically accessible.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

After discrimination training on a multiple variable-interval extinction schedule of food reinforcement, pigeons were placed on the uncued or mixed version of the same schedule and allowed to make...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

There are few empirical data, particularly collected simultaneously from multiple sites, on extinctions resulting from human-driven land-use change. Southeast Asia has the highest deforestation rate in the world, but the resulting losses of biological diversity remain poorly documented. Between November 2006 and March 2008, we conducted bird surveys on six landbridge islands in Malaysia and Indonesia. These islands were surveyed previously for birds in the early 1900 s, when they were extensively forested. Our bird inventories of the islands were nearly complete, as indicated by sampling saturation curves and nonparametric true richness estimators. From zero (Pulau Malawali and Pulau Mantanani) to 15 (Pulau Bintan) diurnal resident landbird species were apparently extirpated since the early 1900 s. Adding comparable but published extinction data from Singapore to our regression analyses, we found there were proportionally fewer forest bird ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The research project started in April, 2008 before adoption of the cabinet report of the Federal Government to the German strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change. The German Strategy for Adaptation emphasizes the meaning of information about requirements for adaptation and the active involvement of all social groups in the other process of the strategy. For this the research project has made concrete proposals for the information, communication and participation of social groups. These proposals are based in the essentials on an interest analysis about interviews with stakeholders and the economy to their demands and expectations to the German strategy for Adaptation. Besides we have researched international examples for the adaptation to the climate change for the public relations. For the interactive development of the Internet platform www.anpassung.net concrete proposals were ...

Science.gov (United States)

The iron(III) molar extinction coefficient in H/sub 2/O-0.4 M H/sub 2/SO/ sub 4/ solution at maximum absorption and 25 deg C, epsilon /sub s/, was determined to be 2220 plus or minus 20 liters mole/sup -1/ cm/sup -1/. The ratio of the iron(III) molar extinction coefficient in D/sub 2/O-0.4 M H/sub 2/SO/ sub 4/ solution at maximum absorption and 25 deg C to epsilon /sub s/ was found to be 1.068 P 0.004. The acidity effect is presented graphically, since the effect is nonlinear. The temperature coefficients were determined to be +(0.63 plus or minus 0.02)% per de gree centigrade for light water solutions and +(0.36 plus or minus 0.02)% per degree centigrade for heavy water solutions. (auth)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Absorption spectra of the visible I_2 band of I_2 complexes with Et_2O, Et_2S, and Et_2Se in heptane have been measured up to 3300 bar at 25"0C. The equilibrium constants and volume changes accompanying complex formation, the molar extinction coefficients and the absorption maxima have been estimated. The volume changes were found comparable with those estimated from the X-ray data of the I_2 complexes in the crystalline state. The enhancement of the molar extinction coefficient and the blue shift of the visible I_2 band with increasing pressure have been established. The results suggest a decrease in the bond distance between an n-donor and I_2, compared with the spectroscopic properties of the I_2 complex at 1 bar. The decrease has been estimated as 0.008 nm with increasing pressure up to 3300 bar. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Single-particle combustion of coal char is analyzed using a generalized shrinking core model. Finite volume method, which was earlier employed by the authors in solving moving boundary problems involving fluid-solid noncatalytic reactions in general, is used to solve fully transient mass and energy equations. The model takes into account convection and diffusion inside the particle as well as in the boundary layer. The computed results are compared with the experimental data of the authors for combustion of coal char in a fluidized bed combustor. The effects of parameters such as bulk temperature and initial particle radius on the combustion dynamics are examined. The phenomena of ignition and extinction are also investigated. Finally, the importance of Stefan flow, originating due to nonequimolar counterdiffusion, on combustion of coal char is analyzed.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

How an individual’s sex and genetic background modify cardiac adaptation to increased workload is a topic of great interest. We systematically evaluated morphological and physiological...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

AbstractListeners show remarkable flexibility in processing variation in speech signal. One striking example is the ease with which they adapt to novel speech distortions such as listening...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Adaptive radiation therapy (ART) is the incorporation of daily images in the radiotherapy treatment process so that the treatment plan can be evaluated and modified to maximize the amount of radiation...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Species of the large family Orchidaceae display a spectacular array of adaptations and rapid speciations that are linked to several innovative features, including specialized pollination syndromes,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The ability to adapt and respond to nutrients is an ancient cellular function, conserved from unicellular to the most complex multicellular organisms, including mammals. Mammals adapt to changes...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

Adaptive image processing is one of the most important techniques in visual information processing, especially in early vision such as image restoration, filtering, enhancement, and segmentation. This work focuses on applications of advanced CI techniques in image processing applications

Science.gov (United States)

Adaptive Neural Augmentation , AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and. Control Conference, Aug. 1998. [2] J. T. Kaneshige, J. Bull, and J. J. Totah, Generic Neural ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Physiological cardiac hypertrophy is associated with mitochondrial adaptations that are characterized by activation of PGC-1α and increased fatty acid oxidative (FAO) capacity. It is...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The requirements for successful integration of a computer aided control system for multi degree of

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

English 1 Feb 2009 [3 p.] United Kingdom Graux, AI Soussana,

Science.gov (United States)

... taker', Adaptive Behavior. In submission. Behavioral Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Re- Breazeal (Ferrell), C. (1998), A Motivational System for ...

Science.gov (United States)

adaptations of analog audio technology Recent developments in tape cassette technolocy have made Itpossible to provide up to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Implementation of an adaptive power system stabilizer (PSS) based on linear optimal control is described in this paper. The generator is identified in real time, and a special 3rd order discrete Riccati equation is solved in each sample interval. Because the output of the generator is fed back directly, the controller can track the system very fast. Experimental studies on a physical model of a power system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive optimal controller.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

During electrolysis of a "2"4"8Cm(III) solution in 2M K_2CO_3 at pH=13, partial oxidation of curium to a higher oxidation state, probably Cm(IV), was observed. The absorption spectra of Cm(III) and Cm(IV) in K_2CO_3 solution were recorded and the molar extinction coefficients of main absorption bands of curium were evaluated. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this paper is to present and evaluate control strategies for adjustment and preservation of air quality, thermal and visual comfort for buildings' occupants while, simultaneously, energy consumption reduction is achieved. Fuzzy PID, fuzzy PD and adaptive fuzzy PD control methods are applied. The inputs to any controller are: the PMV index affecting thermal comfort, the CO{sub 2} concentration affecting indoor air quality and the illuminance level affecting visual comfort. The adaptive fuzzy PD controller adapts the inputs and outputs scaling factors and is based on a second order reference model. More specifically, the scaling factors are modified according to a sigmoid type function, in such a way that the measured variable to be as closer as possible to the reference model. The adaptive fuzzy PD controller is compared to a non-adaptive fuzzy PD and to an ON-OFF ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper deals with an artificial neural network (ANN) based adaptive conventional power system stabilizer (PSS). The ANN comprises an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer. The input vector to the ANN comprises real power (P) and reactive power (Q), while the output vector comprises optimum PSS parameters. A systematic approach for generating training set covering wide range of operating conditions, is presented. The ANN has been trained using back-propagation training algorithm. Investigations reveal that the dynamic performance of ANN based adaptive conventional PSS is quite insensitive to wide variations in loading conditions.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In response to stress, cells start transcriptional and transcription-independent programs that can lead to adaptation or death. Here, we show that multiple inducers of autophagy, including nutrient...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Recent evidence indicates that the evolution of ultrasonic hearing in echolocating bats and cetaceans has involved adaptive amino acid replacements in the cochlear gene prestin. A substantial...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Nov 12, 2010 ... The adaptive, nonparametric matched filter algorithm suggested by Kay ... For the point design of a 4 sigma single event SNR the combined NR ...

Science.gov (United States)

UUV coordination. Event Estimation. Threat assessment. (environment, intel). Adaptive Predictive. Controller. Mobile robot tasking. Static sensor operation ...

Science.gov (United States)

... African agro-pastoral system: Management of tsetse and bovine trypanosomiasis. Ecological Economics 65:1, 125-135Online publication date: ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

Briefly, 48 MOS microparticle sensors (essentially the same as those flown on .... at the Naval Research Lab to interpret the polarization of the incoming radio .... Adapter Satellite, to be published in Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 1994. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... being designed for projected Minotaur IV launch load environments, with design objectives of light weight, integrated vibration isolation, low shock ...

Science.gov (United States)

... curricula and prototypical instructional materials have been emphasized. The program has provided ... materials are adapted and implemented on a state-wide basis. The laboratory materials and the text ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A novel adaptive stabilizer, called an Adaptive Governor Power System Stabilizer (AGPSS), which operated on the governor turbine system, was described. There has been extensive research on adaptive excitation control of generators in power systems with the goal of achieving better dynamic performance. AGPSS tracks the frequency and damping of oscillations in a power system, and adjusts to ensure that there is always sufficient damping in the system. There is no interaction between stabilizers on different generating units, and each one acts independently, consuming oscillation energy locally. These stabilizers are easy to design and this facilitates their use in multimachine systems. Results obtained by nonlinear simulation of a single-machine and a three-machine power system were discussed, illustrating the effectiveness of the stabilizers in supplying damping and improving stability. It was pointed out that the operation ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The purpose of this study was to compare 2 adaptive radiotherapy strategies with helical tomotherapy. A patient having mesothelioma with mediastinal nodes was treated using helical tomotherapy with pretreatment megavoltage CT (MVCT) imaging. Gross tumor volumes (GTVs) were outlined on every MVCT study. Two alternatives for adapting the treatment were investigated: (1) keeping the prescribed dose to the targets while reducing the dose to the OARs and (2) escalating the target dose while maintaining the original level of healthy tissue sparing. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (step-and-shoot IMRT) and 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) plans for the patient were generated and compared. The primary lesion and nodal mass regressed by 16.2% and 32.5%, respectively. Adapted GTVs and reduced plan...

Science.gov (United States)

... ENGINEERING. Personal Author(s) : Cadzow,James A. ; Ogino,Koji. Report Date : 1981. Pagination or Media Count : 7. Abstract ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents a design of fuzzy power system stabilizer (FPSS) using adaptive evolutionary computation (AEC). We have proposed an adaptive evolutionary algorithm which uses a genetic algorithm (GA) and an evolution strategy (ES) in an adaptive manner in order to take merits of two different evolutionary computations. FPSS shows better control performances than conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS) in three-phase fault with heavy load which is used when tuning FPSS. To show there robustness of the proposed FPSS, it is applied to damp the low frequency oscillations caused by disturbances such as three-phase fault with normal and light load, the angle deviation of generator with normal and light load and the angle deviation of generator with heavy load. Proposed FPSS shows better robustness than CPSS. (author). 15 refs., 13 figs., 3 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The attenuation of gamma rays in some fatty acids, viz. formic acid (CH_2O_2), acetic acid (C_2H_4O_2), propionic acid (C_3H_6O_2), butyric acid (C_4H_8O_2), n-hexanoic acid (C_6H_1_2O_2), n-caprylic acid (C_8H_1_6O_2), lauric acid (C_1_2H_2_4O_2), myristic acid (C_1_4H_2_8O_2), palmitic acid (C_1_6H_3_2O_2), oleic acid (C_1_8H_3_4O_2) and stearic acid (C_1_8H_3_6O_2), has been measured at the photon energies 81, 356, 511, 662, 1173 and 1332 keV. Experimental values for the molar extinction coefficient, the effective atomic number and the electron density have been derived and compared with theoretical calculations. There is good agreement between experiment and theory.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mass attenuation coefficients of amino acids viz. glycerine (C_2H_5NO_2), 1-Serine (C_3H_7NO_3), 1-Theronine (C_4H_9NO_3), 1-Proline (C_5H_9NO_2), 1-Valine (C_5H_1_1NO_2) and 1-Phenylalanine (C_9H_1_1NO_2) in aqueous solutions have been determined at 81, 356, 511, 662, 1173 and 1332 keV by the gamma-ray transmission method in a narrow beam good geometry setup. Precisely measured densities of these solutions were used for the determination of these coefficients which varied systematically with the corresponding changes in the concentrations (g/cm"3) of the solutions. Molar extinction coefficients of amino acids were then obtained at these energies and were found to be in good agreement with the theoretical results. In addition, total interaction cross sections of amino acids in aqueous solutions were also calculated. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Absorption spectra of the CT bands of I_2 complexes with Et_2O, Et_2S, and Et_2Se in heptane have been measured up to 4400 bar at 25"0C. The equilibrium constants and the volume changes accompanying complex formation, and the molar extinction coefficients and absorption maxima have been estimated. The volume changes were comparable with those estimated by the visible I_2 bands and by the X-ray data of the I_2 complexes in the crystalline state. In the CT bands of Et_2S-I_2 and Et_2Se-I_2 complexes inversion of shift from red to blue has been observed with increasing pressure though the CT band of Et_2O-I_2 complex shifted only through red. This inversion appears to be characteristic of the strong CT complex. Enhancement of the molar extinction coefficient of the CT band has been found with increasing pressure suggesting enhancement of the CT interaction between I_2 and the n-donor. (author).

CERN Document Server

The refractive index of novel organosilica (nano/micro)material is determined using two methods. The first method is based on analysis of optical extinction efficiency of organosilica beads versus wavelength, which is obtained by a standard laboratory spectrometer. The second method relies on the measurable trapping potential of these beads in the focused light beam (laser tweezers). Polystyrene beads were used to test these methods, and the determined dispersion curves of refractive index values have been found accurate. The refractive index of organosilica beads has been determined to range from 1.60-1.51 over the wavelength range of 300-1100 nm.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Photoluminescence spectra for solutions containing Sm"3"+ isotope ions in heavy and normal water were studied in the wave length #lambda# = 500-700 nm and for absorption spectra and photoluminescence excitation spectra within the range of #lambda# = 260-600 nm. Differences in molar extinction coefficients for "1"4"4Sm"3"+ and "1"5"4Sm"3"+ were established both in the solutions with D_2O and by transition from the solutions with D_2O to the solutions with H_2O. New possible causes of the identified effects are discussed

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The formation and stability constants of the [sup(99m)Tc]PM tetracycline have been investigated by the potentiometric method. The pK value of the complex formed was measured as pK = 5.49 +- 0.19. The spectrophotometric study has been performed on the formation of a complex of Sn(II) and TcO"4"- in the presence of PM Tetracycline. This study shows that Sn(II) forms with PMT a complex at a mole ratio of 1:1. The molar extinction coefficients of the Sn-PMT and [_9_9Tc]PMT complexes have been measured. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The mechanistic aspects of electrochemical reductions of U"V"IO_2(acac)_2dmso(acac=acetylacetonate, dmso=dimethyl sulfoxide) complex with bidentate ligand(acac) in DMSO were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, normal pulse voltammetry, and spectrophotometer equipped with an optical transparent thin layer electrode cell. It is concluded that the uranyl complexes with bidentate ligands at the equatorial plane form stable U(V) complexes by the electrochemical reduction and that their molar extinction coefficients in the visible region are very small. (J.P.N.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Values of the chemical yield, G, and of the molar extinction coefficient, epsilon, for Fricke dosimetry, have been recommended by ICRU. For epsilon, the value in ICRU Reports 17 and 21, 2205 1.mol"-"1.cm"-"1, based on an analysis of 83 reported values. It was suggested that, where neither a careful wavelength calibration nor absorbance linearity checks had been performed, a standard error of 1.5% should be assumed; otherwise 0.15% could be accepted. Alternatively, the accuracy in applying this chemical dose meter was considered improved if there was an independent determination of epsilon with the same spectrophotometer as was used for the determination of the optical density of irradiated Fricke solution. The accuracy claimed for both methods remains questionable, since no complete argumentation could be given for the differences of up to 13% in the published values. Taking into account the discussion of the sources of error by Bryant, Broszkiewicz and Ellis, we ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Absorption of the excimer laser radiations of 193-nm argon fluorine and 308-nm xenon chloride in balanced salt solution, sodium hyaluronate, and human cadaver eyes was measured. The absorption of these materials as considerably different for the two wavelengths; we found that 308-nm light experienced much less absorption than the 193-nm light. The extinction coefficient (k) for 308 nm was k = 0.19/cm for balanced salt solution and k = 0.22/cm for sodium hyaluronate. In contrast to this, the extinction coefficient for 193 nm was k = 140/cm for balanced salt solution and k = 540/cm for sodium hyaluronate. Two 1-day-old human phakic cadaver eyes showed complete absorption with both wavelengths. Using aphakic eyes, incomplete absorption was noted at the posterior pole with 308 nm and complete absorption was noted with 193 nm. The extinction in the anterior part of aphakic eyes (the first 6 mm) was 4.2/cm for 308 nm, meaning ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A gas diffusion semiconductor electrode and solar cell and a process for gaseous fixation, such as nitrogen photoreduction, CO/sub 2/ photoreduction and fuel gas photo-oxidation are described. The gas diffusion photosensitive electrode has a central electrolyte porous matrix with an activated semiconductor material on one side adapted to be in contact with an electrolyte and a hydrophobic gas diffusion region on the opposite side adapted to be in contact with a supply of molecular gas.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper, the adaptive optics (AO) system at Keck Observatory is characterized. The AO system is described in detail. The physical parameters of the lenslets, CCD and deformable mirror, the calibration procedures and the signal processing algorithms are explained. Results of sky performance tests are presented: the AO system is shown to deliver images with an average Strehl ratio of up to 0.37 at 1.59 {micro}m using a bright guide star. An error budget that is consistent with the observed image quality is presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The standard protocol in multislice spiral CT (MSCT) angiography for coronary arteries with fixed tube current-time settings leads to an overexposure and thus to an unnecessary high radiation dose in patients with lower weight when compared to heavier patients. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of reducing the radiation dose by adapting the tube current-time settings individually. Fifty patients underwent retrospectively ECG-gated MSCT of the heart. In 25 patients (group A{sub 1}) a standard protocol with constant tube current-time settings was used (4 x 1-mm collimation, 120 kV, 400 mAs{sub eff}). Subsequently, artificial image noise was added to the data of these patients simulating a directive for weight-adapted tube current-time settings (group A{sub 2}). In the other 25 patients (group B) an alternative protocol with individually weight-adapted tube current-time settings was applied. The data of all ...

Science.gov (United States)

Finite element methods have been applied extensively and with much success in the analysis of orthopaedic implants. Recently a growing interest has developed, in the orthopaedic biomechanics community, in how numerical models can be constructed for the optimal solution of problems in contact mechanics. New developments in this area are of paramount importance in the design of improved implants for orthopaedic surgery. Finite element and other computational techniques are widely applied in the analysis and design of hip and knee implants, with additional joints (ankle, shoulder, wrist) attracting increased attention. The objective of this investigation was to develop a simplified adaptive meshing scheme to facilitate the finite element analysis of a dual-curvature total wrist implant. Using currently available software, the analyst has great flexibility in mesh generation, but must prescribe element sizes and refinement schemes throughout the domain of interest. ...

CERN Document Server

In cluster-based routing protocol (CBRP), two-level hierarchical structure is successfully used to reduce over-flooding in wireless Ad Hoc networks. As it is vulnerable to a single point of failure, we propose a new adaptive distributed threshold scheme to replace the cluster head by a group of cluster heads within each cluster, called COUNCIL, and distribute the service of single cluster head to multiple cluster heads using (k,n) threshold secret sharing scheme. An Ad Hoc network formed by COUNCIL based clusters can work correctly when the number of compromised cluster heads is smaller than k. To implement this adaptive threshold scheme in wireless Ad Hoc Networks, membership of the clusters should be defined in an adaptive way. In this paper, we mainly discuss our algorithm for forming COUNCIL based clusters using the concept of dominating set from graph theory.

CERN Document Server

A-posteriori probability (APP) receivers operating over multiple-input, multiple-output channels provide enhanced performance at the cost of increased complexity. However, employing full APP processing over favorable transmission environments, where less efficient approaches may already provide the required performance at a reduced complexity, results in waste of resources (e.g, processing energy/power). Therefore, for slowly varying channel statistics, substantial complexity savings can be achieved by simple adaptive schemes which perform performance tracking and adjust the complexity of the soft output sphere decoder by adaptively setting the related log-likelihood ratio (LLR) clipping value.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper the newly developed discrete-time adaptive sliding mode control method is proposed and applied to the power system stabilization problem. In contrast to the conventional continuous-time sliding mode controller, the proposed method is developed in the discrete-time domain and based on the input/output measurements instead of the continuous-time and the full-states feedback, respectively. Because the proposed control method has the adaptivity property in addition to the natural robustness property of the sliding mode control, it is possible to design the power system stabilizer which can overcome both the minor variations of the parameters of the power system and the diverse operating conditions and faults of the power system. Mathematical proof and the various computer simulations are done to verify the performance and stability of the proposed method. (author). 14 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper, a neural networks (NN) based adaptive sliding mode controller (SMC) is introduced. The selection of SMC feedback gains is normally based on one operating point and thus the performance of the controller away from the design operating point is, of necessity, a compromise. The adaptive SMC is proposed to overcome the limitations imposed on the effectiveness of the SMC under different operating conditions. Neural networks are used for online prediction of the optimal SMC gains when the operating point changes. The proposed method has been applied to a power system stabilizer (PSS) of a single machine power system. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control scheme.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Kemp's Ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys kempi, is an endangered species. The National Marine Fisheries Service's Head Start program is part of an international operation to save the turtles from extinction. Under the Head Start program, eggs from the Ridley's only known wild nesting beach at Rancho Nuevo in Mexico are transported to Padre Island on the Texas coast to be hatched. The head start enables the turtles to develop a survival advantage. The principal objective was to develop baseline waste-characterization data required to design a waste-water treatment scheme for the Galveston Head Start facility. As a secondary objective, preliminary testing of some filtration components was undertaken to determine which units were most appropriate for inclusion in a wastewater treatment scheme.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of the current MITRE study is to estimate the cost of the coal derived liquid products that result from processing low rank coals in the Wilsonville and HRI CTSL configurations. The resultant cost of liquids is then compared to liquids produced from bituminous coals. The methodology used to accomplish the above objective was to utilize the MITRE coal liquefaction cost model to assess the overall technical and economic performance of low rank coals in both the Wilsonville and HRI configurations. Actual test data from Wilsonville and HRI was used as the basis for these analyses. This test data is modified to simulate complete resid recycle extinction and to standardize the operating performance of the deashing unit. This corrected yield data is then used in the simulation models to predict the overall performance and economics of a conceptual commercial coal liquefaction facility. 9 refs., 7 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The phosphate complexation of Np(V) is investigated in the pH range from 6.4 to 10.0 in 0.1 M NaClO_4 at 22#+-#2 C by absorption spectroscopy. The formation of two phosphate complexes is confirmed by spectroscopic speciation: NpO_2HPO"-_4 at 988.8 nm and NpO_2PO"2"-_4 at 993.6 nm with molar extinction coefficients of 251#+-#8 and 201#+-#11 1/mol cm, respectively. The complexation constants are determined to be log #beta# = 2.54#+-#0.02 for NpO_2HPO"-_4 and log #beta# = 6.33#+-#0.08 for NpO_2PO"2"-_4. The competition of the phosphate complexation with the carbonate complexation is demonstrated by speciation calculation under different geochemical conditions. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eu"3"+ and Tb"3"+ complexes with novel branched calix[4]arene ligands incorporating 2,2' -bipyridine subunits functionalized in the 6- or 5,5'-positions have been synthesized and their photophysical properties investigated. High luminescence intensity was obtained for the Eu"3"+ complex of the calix[4]arene ligand carrying four 5,5' -substituted- 2,2' -bipyridines, which has high molar extinction coefficients (#epsilon#_m_a_x 39 600 M"-"1 cm"-"1) and a high luminescence quantum yield (15%). (authors). 12 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new reagent 7-(6-Br-2-henzthiazolilazo)-8-oxyquinoline-5-sulphoacid has been studied spectrophotometrically. Dissociation constants have been determined in 50% acetone (pK_1=2.5 and pK_2=5.9) and 50% dioxane (pK_1=1.7 and pK_2=6.1) as well as molar extinction coefficients of the reagent dissociated form in the same solvents (71.1.10"3 and 72.4.10"3). The conditions have been studied of complexing the reagent with ions of uranium (6), zinc (2), and manganese (2) in 50% dioxane (pH 2.5-4.5) and the properties of the formed complexes.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of the monitoring network for background measurements of air pollution in the USSR is noted. The use of paired stations, to aid in locating permanent sites as well as for determining the local component of background air pollution, is described. Thermoelectric actionometers with five glass filters are used to measure Shupp's turbidity coefficient for estimating extinction of solar radiation due to aerosols. Sampling and chemical analysis of precipitation uses methods developed during the International Geophysical Year. An intercomparison of meteorological instruments was carried out in the USSR in 1973 and 1978. The most stable actinometer was the Linke-Foisner device. Chemical analyses of precipitation made since 1958 in the USSR show increases in air pollution levels only in particular areas.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study was made on interaction of vanadium (4) ions with dyes-pyrogallol red, brompyrogallol red and gallein- in the range of pH = 0-6. The maximal light absorption for gallein and brompyrogallol red is observed at pH=4 and #lambda#max = 545 nm and 560 nm respectively. The compound of vanadium (4) with pyrogalloe red is characterized by the maximal light absorption at pH=5 and #lambda#max=560 nm. Component ratio in all analyzed compounds is equal to 1:2. Molar extinction coefficients for compounds with gallein, pyrogallol red and brompyrogallol red are equal to 5000, 550 and 7400, and logarithms of stability constants - to 9.27, 13.17 and 13.25 respectively.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scandium reacts with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol in the presence of monocarboxylic acids (X) to form mixed-ligand complexes with a Sc:PAR:x ratio of 1:2:2. The chemical nature of this interaction has been established, and the extraction of these mixed-ligand complexes has also been investigated; stability constants and molar extinction coefficients have been calculated. The values of the latter decrease in the order CH_3COOH > CH_2ClCOOH > CCl_3COOH. The formation and extraction of mixed-ligand complexes in Sc-PAR-HX systems make it possible to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of scandium determination in comparison with the use of the Sc-PAR mono-ligand complex.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pulsed radiolysis method is used to study transformations intermediates of 6-aminophenalenone in ethanol. In alkaline medium the main product is radical-anion of 6-aminophenalenone, which optical absorption spectrum contains two bands with maxima at 355 and 400 nm. The particle precursors are e_s, CH_3CHOH and CH_3CHO"- radicals. In neutral and acid medium radical-anions are protonated in reactions with alcohol and hydrogen ions. The resulting H-adduct of 6-aminophenalenone has optical absorption maxima at 350 and 390 nm. Availability of two maxima is related to two various product structures. Molar extinction coefficients of radical-anions and H-adducts of 6-aminophenalenone and rate constants of reactions with their participation are estimated.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study has been made of the colour reaction involved in the interaction or rare-earth elements with the reagent orthanyl K, the optimum conditions for the reaction being: pH=4.0-4.5 and lambda=660-670 nm. The ratio of components in the complex is Me:R=1:2. Consideration of the relative optical density values of the complex solutions as a function of the serial number of the rare-earth elements made it possible to recommend orthanyl K as a selective reagent for determining La, Ce, Pr and Nb in a mixture of Tu, Yb, Lu and Y oxides. The molar extinction coefficients, the sensitivity of the reaction and the concentration limits where Beer's law applies were calculated. Lanthanum was determined in a binary mixture with thulium and yttrium. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pulse radiolysis studies of the formation kinetics and the yields of various phenylcarbenium ions from several different solutes in 1,2-dichloroethane solution have been carried out. The results indicate that there are two kinetically distinguishable cationic species of the solvent which react selectively with the different solutes to form the phenylcarbenium ions. It is suggested that one is a cation radical (yield 0.68 molecule/100 eV) and the other a carbocation (yield 0.20 molecule/100 eV). Rate constants for their separate reactions with selected aromatic compounds and with ammonia have been determined. Molar extinction coefficients have been estimated for benzyl cation, diphenyl cation radical, and anthracene cation radical. 6 figures, 1 table.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The emission lines H#alpha#, H#beta#+[OIII], and L#alpha# have been observed in the high-redshift quasar 1225+31. The ratios of line intensities in 1225+31 are found to be L#alpha#/H#alpha#approx.0.8, H#alpha#/(H#beta#+[OIII]) approx.4, and 4extinction between the Sun and 1225+31.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Americium extraction in different oxidation states in two-phase aqueous system based on polyethylene glycol is investigated. Conditions for quantitative extraction of americium (3) and americium (5) from ammonium sulfate solutions within pH=3-5 interval in the presence of arsenazo 3 are found. Composition of the produced americium complexes with reagent is determined; americium (3) interacts with arsenazo 3 in ammonium sulfate solutions with the formation of MeR and Me_2R composition complexes. Absorption spectrum characteristics of americium (3) and- (5) complexes with arsenazo 3 in ammonium sulfate solutions and extracts based polyethylene glycol aqueous solutions are given. Molar extinction coefficients of americium complexes with arsenazo (3) in these solutions are determined.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A fragmented fossil bone incised with the figure of a proboscidean was recently found at Vero Beach, Florida near the location where Late Pleistocene fauna and human bones were recovered from 1913 to 1916. This engraving may represent the oldest and only existing example of Terminal Pleistocene art depicting a proboscidean in the Americas. Because of the uniqueness, rarity, and potential antiquity of this specimen, caution demanded that a variety of tests be used in an attempt to verify its authenticity. The mineralized bone was identified as mammoth, mastodon, or giant sloth. Rare earth element analysis was consistent with the fossil bone being ancient and originating at or near the Old Vero site (8-IR-9). Forensic analysis suggests the markings on the bone are not recent. Optical microsc...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A spectrophotometric study has been made of the complex formation of vanadium (3) with arsenazo(1), arsenazo(3) and some monosubstituted derivatives of chromotropic acid and sulphanylamides. In acid medium vanadium (3) reacts with each of these reagents to produce a 1:1 complex. Optimum conditions of the complex formation was found. The effect of H"+ on the complex formation of vanadium (3) with chromotropic acid derivatives was established. It was found by the graphical method that the formation of the complex is accompanied by the elimination of one proton. Patterns were found of the influence of the nature of substituents in the organic compound on the ionization constants of acid groups and stability of complexes. Molar extinction coefficients, equilibrium constants of the formation reactions and instability constants for the complexes were calculated. The structure of complexes was suggested. Similar behaviour of all the reagents was established in the complex ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ultraveiolet spectroscopy of molecules in vapour phase gives valuable information about electronic structure of free molecules. But in many cases vaipour phase investigations are not possible and in order to isolate molecules within solid lattice, we used cryogenic temperature and high vacuum technology to study absorption spectrum within the spectral range (230-270)nm of an isolated benzene molecule in Argon, Krpton, Nitrogen, Carbon and methane matrices. The spectra shifts were measured and calculated in the matrix environment for the electronnic transition (B 24--A 19) in benzene molecule using the matrices mentioned above. Molar extinction coefficients and oscillator strength were measured too. (7 tabs., 32 figs., 50 refs.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Virtually all biomedical research makes use of a relatively small pool of laboratory-adapted, inbred, isogenic stocks of mice. Although the advantages of these models are many, there are a number of...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

1. The short duration cerebrovascular perfusion method for measuring permeability of the blood-brain barrier has been adapted to measuring transport into the retina. 2. The method has been characterized...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The structure of the skin in the epauletted fruit bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi) wing and body trunk was studied with a view to understanding possible adaptations for gas metabolism and...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Ecological speciation is the process by which barriers to gene flow between populations evolve due to adaptive divergence via natural selection. A relatively unexplored area in ecological speciation...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The commercial potential of the 17 m, 100 kW Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is discussed. Long term testing is in progress. As the first commercially adapted Darrieus turbines built by DOE, the superior cost, structural integrity, and output characteristics demonstrated by the prototypes appear particularly promising.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundPublic information about prevention of zoonoses should be based on the perceived problem by the public and should be adapted to regional circumstances. Growing fox populations...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

7 Oct 1974. 114 p. United States Luick, JR Alaska Univ., College (USA).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An antigen-antibody system of polystyrene tubes coated with immunoglobulin antibody was used for quantitating immunoglobulins. A similar radioimmunoassay method was adapted for a viral antigen-antibody...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Hibernators are unique among mammals in their ability to survive extended periods of time with core body temperatures near freezing and with dramatically reduced heart, respiratory, and metabolic rates...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) often exhibit impaired executive function, particularly in experimental tasks that involve response conflict and require adaptive behavioral...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Gene expression is a unique way of characterizing how cells and organisms adapt to changes in the external environment. The measurements of gene expression levels upon exposure to a chemical can be...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Deforestation is rapidly transforming primary forests across the tropics into human-dominated landscapes. Consequently, conservationists need to understand how different taxa respond and adapt to these...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Insulin resistance plays a central role in type 2 diabetes and obesity, which develop as a consequence of genetic and environmental factors. Dietary changes including high fat diet (HFD) feeding promotes...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Ever since the pre-molecular era, the birth of new genes with novel functions has been considered to be a major contributor to adaptive evolutionary innovation. Here, I review the origin and evolution...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Demands for electric power system, which include not only minimization of generation cost but also protection of environmental condition and maintenance of transmission security, have been diversified The priority of these objectives may change according to load change, weather, and other conditions. Since these objectives are usually in a trade-off relationship and generally non-commensurable, it is difficult to handle by conventional optimization of a single objective function. This report describes multi-objective scheduling of thermal power system. The adaptability of three performance indicies, such as economic efficiency, NO{sub x} emission, and transmission security, to operators are defined by membership functions in fuzzy set theory. coordinated solution in which the adaptability of operators is maximized can be obtained by maximizing the fuzzy decision-making function composed of the adaptability index for each ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Studies have shown that the nervous system may adopt a control scheme in which synergistic muscle groups are controlled by common excitation patters, or modules, to simplify the coordination...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background Little is known about how migrants adapt to first-world public health systems. In Norway, patients are assigned a registered general practitioner (RGP) to provide basic care...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A growing number of studies suggest that the development of compulsive drug seeking and taking depends on dorsostriatal mechanisms. We previously observed that ex vivo acute...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper presents a review of the current state of knowledge on the likely impacts of extreme weather and climate events on coastal zones and small islands in the context of climate change. Possible response options, including prevention, preparedness and adaptation, are indicated.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Purpose: Understanding the kinetics of tumor growth∕shrinkage represents a critical step in quantitative assessment of therapeutics and realization of adaptive radiation therapy....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Habituation is one of the most fundamental learning processes that allow animals to adapt to dynamic environments. It is ubiquitous and often thought of as a simple form of non-associative learning....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The genetic systems of bacteria that have the ability to use organic pollutants as carbon and energy sources can be adapted to create bacterial biosensors for the detection of industrial pollution....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundNew technology allows more precise definition of structural alterations of all retinal layers although it has not been used previously in cases of optic...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Enrichment cultures were used to determine the conditions promoting fastest methanogenic propionate degradation and growth by adapting the cultures to various physical and chemical conditions and measuring...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundOur motor actions normally generate sensory events, but how do we know which events were self generated and which have external causes? Here we use temporal adaptation...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This patent describes a system adapted for alternative use as a diverter or a blowout preventer for a bottom supported drilling rig and adapted for positioning beneath a rotary table of the drilling rig, the system comprising: a fluid flow controller having a controller housing with a lower opening and an upper opening and a vertical flow path therebetween and an outlet passage provided in its housing wall, and at least two bases. A method is described for installing a system adapted for alternative connection as a diverter or a blowout preventer for a bottom supported drilling rig positioned beneath a rotary table of the drilling rig after structural casing has been set in a borehole. The method comprises: positioning a first telescoping spool having a lower end and an upper end below the rotary table, the first spool having a first base disposed at its upper end, the first base having a port disposed in its wall; aligning ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions encountered in food and during host infection is a sine qua non for a successful Listeria monocytogenes infection. This ability...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

With the objective to improve the reactor physics calculation on a 2D and 3D nuclear reactor via the Diffusion Equation, an adaptive automatic finite element remeshing method, based on the elementary area (2D) or volume (3D) constraints, has been developed. The adaptive remeshing technique, guided by a posteriori error estimator, makes use of two external mesh generator programs: Triangle and TetGen. The use of these free external finite element mesh generators and an adaptive remeshing technique based on the current field continuity show that they are powerful tools to improve the neutron flux distribution calculation and by consequence the power solution of the reactor core even though they have a minor influence on the critical coefficient of the calculated reactor core examples. Two numerical examples are presented: the 2D IAEA reactor core numerical benchmark and the 3D model of the Argonauta research reactor, built in ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Although salamanders are characteristic amphibians in Holarctic temperate habitats, in tropical regions they have diversified evolutionarily only in tropical America. An adaptive radiation centered...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe composition of habitual diets is associated with adverse or protective effects on aspects of health. Consequently, UK public health policy strongly advocates dietary...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In filamentous fungi, RNA silencing is an attractive alternative to disruption experiments for the functional analysis of genes. We adapted the gene encoding the autofluorescent DsRed protein as a reporter...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Sperm competition theory predicts that males should invest prudently in ejaculates according to levels of female promiscuity. Males may therefore be sensitive to cues in their social environment associated...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Implementation of an adaptive power system stabilizer (APSS) and experimental studies are presented in this paper. The APSS consists of an adaptive linear element (ADALINE) based identifier that identifies the power system as a third-order discrete auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) model and a pole-shift controller. The ADALINE is modeled so that its weights have a one-to-one relationship with the ARMA model parameters. The weights are updated at each sampling interval to track the dynamic characteristics of the actual system. The on-line updated ARMA parameters are used in the PS control algorithm to calculate the new closed-loop poles of the system that are always inside the unit circle in the z-plane. The calculated control is such that it achieves regulation of the system to a constant setpoint in the shortest interval of time. Experimental studies on a physical model of power system verify that the proposed ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundWe were commissioned to carry out three health assessments in urban areas of Dublin in Ireland. We required an epidemiologically robust method that could collect data rapidly...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Besides ethanol, acetic acid is produced in naturally fermenting sweet resources and is a significant environmental stress for fruit-breeding Drosophila populations and species. Although not related...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cells of the terrestrial plant species bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) are not naturally adapted to withstand the hydrostatic pressures encountered in aquatic environments. However,...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

A familiar power inverter circuit, combined with a ferroresonant transformer and a simple control circuit, provides the basis for an economically attractive modular family of DC to DC converters. The circuit is readily adaptable to a wide range of input voltages and single or multiple output voltages.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Dictyostelium discoideum (Dd) is a widely studied model system from which fundamental insights into cell movement, chemotaxis, aggregation and pattern formation can be gained. In this system aggregation...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Autophagic adapters including p62/SQSTM1 recognize polyubiquitinated autophagic targets such as toxic protein aggregates. Recently reporting in Molecular Cell, Filimonenko et al. provide evidence...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A solar energy receiver is described including a separable endless wall formed of a ceramic material having defined therein a cavity of a substantially cylindrical configuration for entrapping solar flux, and an acceptance aperture adapted to admit to the cavity a concentrated beam of solar energy, said wall being characterized by at least a pair of contiguously related segments separated by lines of cleavage intercepting said aperture, at least one of the segments being supported for pivotal displacement, and a thermal responsive actuator adapted to respond to excessive temperatures within the cavity for initiating pivotal displacement of said one segment, whereby thermal flux is permitted to escape from the cavity.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Prostate cancer can be successfully treated using dynamic adaptive external beam radiation techniques along with interstitial brachytherapy to deliver curative therapies with low urinary, rectal and erectile function morbidity. Through the use of sophisticated, state-of-the art radiographic imaging for staging and treatment planning, a precise, individual design for treatment is accomplished. Symptom management and patient education are of paramount importance and are integrated throughout the treatment process.

CERN Document Server

The subject of the 5th challenge proposed by the French Society of Operations Research and Decision Analysis (ROADEF) consists in scheduling technicians and interventions for telecommunications (http://www.g-scop.inpg.fr/ChallengeROADEF2007/ or http://www.roadef.org/). We detail the algorithm we proposed for this challenge which is a Greedy Randomized Adaptative Search Procedure (GRASP). Computational results led us to the 1st position in the Junior category and to the 4th position in All category of the Challenge ROADEF 2007.

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english Human organism is interpenetrated by the world of microorganisms, from the conception until the death. This interpenetration involves different levels of interactions between the partners including trophic exchanges, bi-directional cell signaling and gene activation, besides genetic and epigenetic phenomena, and tends towards mutual adaptation and coevolution. Since these processes are critical for the survival of individuals and species, they rely on the existence of a c (more) omplex organization of adaptive systems aiming at two apparently conflicting purposes: the maintenance of the internal coherence of each partner, and a mutually advantageous coexistence and progressive adaptation between them. Humans possess three adaptive systems: the nervous, the endocrine and the immune system, each internally organized into subsystems functionally connected by intraconnections, to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Procedure determining the concentrations of total rare earth and their determination with a new reagent, tribromochlorophosphonazo (CPA-tB), that is 7-[1-(2, 4, 6-tribromo-phenyl) azo]-2-[1-(2-phosphono-4-chloro-phenyl) azo]-chromotropic acid, in high-level liquid waste and some characters of CPA-tB are studied. CPA-tB and its complexes of rare earth elements are stable in the glycol-H_2O system. Adding glycol shifts the absorption spectrum to left and increases the molar extinction coefficient. The molar extinction coefficients are respectively 7.16 x 10"4 (Y), 11.9 x 10"4 (La), 11.7 x 10"4 (Ce, Pr), 11.9 x 10"4 (Nd), 11.6 x 10"4 (Sm, Eu), 11.4 x 10"4 (Gd) and 11.4 x 10"4 (RE) in the glycol-H_2C_2O_4-H_3PO_4-H_2O system at 643 nm. Th interferes severely the determination of total rare earth, and other elements, U(<100 #mu#g), Al(<20 #mu#g), Fe(<400 #mu#g), Ni,Zr(<100 #mu#g respectively) and some anions, MoO_4"2"- (<2800 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: An adaptive response is a decreased biological effect induced by a priming radiation dose given prior to a challenge dose. Adaptive responses contradict the linear-nothreshold model of risk estimation. The pKZ1 mouse chromosomal inversion assay is an extremely sensitive assay for studying the mutagenic effect of low dose radiation. A non-linear dose response for chromosomal inversion has been observed in pKZ1 spleen and prostate after a single whole body irradiation with doses between 1?Gy and 10mGy. Doses between 5-10?Gy resulted in an induction in inversions and doses between 1-10mGy resulted in a reduction below endogenous inversion frequency. These results suggest that doses in the 1-10 mGy range cause host responses which overcompensate by not only preventing inversions that would normally occur as a result of the low doses of radiation but also by preventing some of the endogenous inversions that would have occurred in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Use of an adaptive optimal control algorithm for two realtime control applications, optimal excitation control of a synchronous generator (OEC) and power system stabilizer (PSS) is described in this paper. Experimental studies on a physical model of a power system show that the proposed OEC and PSS can track the controlled system by parameter identification at different operating conditions. The proposed control algorithm is based on the linear optimal control theory and a special 5th order discrete Riccati equation is solved in each sampling period. The proposed OEC and PSS can always guarantee that in closed loop the controlled system is stable based on the identified parameters. As the actual output of the controlled system and control are directly used in the controller, no observer is required. Also, the proposed OEC and PSS can track the controlled system very fast. A number of tests have been performed. All show satisfactory results.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This manuscript contains the lecture notes for a course taught from July 7th through July 11th at the 1997 Numerical Analysis Summer School sponsored by C.E.A., I.N.R.I.A., and E.D.F. The subject area was chosen to support the general theme of that year`s school which is ``Multiscale Methods and Wavelets in Numerical Simulation.`` The first topic covered in these notes is a description of the problem domain. This coverage is limited to classical PDEs with a heavier emphasis on hyperbolic systems and constrained hyperbolic systems. The next topic is difference schemes. These schemes are the foundation for the adaptive methods. After the background material is covered, attention is focused on a simple patched based adaptive algorithm and its associated data structures for square grids and hyperbolic conservation laws. Embellishments include curvilinear meshes, embedded boundary and overset meshes. Next, several strategies for parallel ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Model-based approaches to pattern recognition and machine vision have been proposed to overcome the exorbitant training requirements of earlier computational paradigms. However, uncertainties in data were found to lead to a combinatorial explosion of the computational complexity. This issue is related here to the roles of a priori knowledge vs. adaptive learning. What is the a-priori knowledge representation that supports learning? I introduce Modeling Field Theory (MFT), a model-based neural network whose adaptive learning is based on a priori models. These models combine deterministic, fuzzy, and statistical aspects to account for a priori knowledge, its fuzzy nature, and data uncertainties. In the process of learning, a priori fuzzy concepts converge to crisp or probabilistic concepts. The MFT is a convergent dynamical system of only linear computational complexity. Fuzzy logic turns out to be essential for reducing the combinatorial ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A newly developed discrete-time adaptive sliding mode power system stabilizer (PSS) is proposed in this paper. Because the proposed PSS is developed in the pure discrete-time domain it is able to maintain the stability with the rather slower smapling frequency compared to discretized conventional continuous-time sliding mode PSS. The proposed PSS has the three main superiorities to the conventional PSS. First, because the proposed PSS utilizes the sliding mode control method, it has the strong robustness to the variations of the system parameters. Hence, it can overcome the minor disturbances such as identification errors, modeling errors, etc. Second, the proposed PSS needs only input/output measurements as feedback signals. Hence, it does not need the measurements of the state variables as the conventional sliding mode PSS or PSS based on the linear quadratic control method does. Finally, because the proposed PSS have the adaptive property, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chicken embryos were x-irradiated in ovo with 5-30 cGy (=priming dose) at the 13th-15th day of development. After 3-48 h, brain- and liver-cell suspensions were x-irradiated in vitro with (challenge) doses of 4-32 Gy. Significantly less radiation damage was observed when the radiation response was measured by scheduled DNA synthesis, nucleoid sedimentation and viscosity of alkaline cell lysates 12-36 h after the priming exposure. In vivo, pre-irradiation with 10 cGy enhanced regeneration as evidenced by the DNA content of chicken embryo brain and liver 24 h following a challenge dose of 4 Gy. From nucleoid sedimentation analyses in brain and liver cells immediately after irradiation with 16 Gy and after a 30-min repair period in the presence of aphidicolin, dideoxythymidine and 3-aminobenzamide or in the absence of these DNA repair inhibitors, it is concluded that a reduction of the initial radiation damage is the dominant mechanism of the ``radio-adaptive`` ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A protocol adapter ideally suited to enable enterprises to gradually transition from SOAP Web Services to RESTful HTTP Web Services without impacting existing clients is presented in this paper. The inherent advantage of such a transition is the visibility of RESTful HTTP messages to Web intermediaries such as caches. In contrast, SOAP messages are opaque, which disables Web intermediaries. While both approaches can use HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for message transfer, the paradigms contrast sharply. SOAP uses an interface specific approach whereas RESTful HTTP uses a Uniform Interface approach. SOAP marks up its payload with eXtensible Markup Language (XML) whereas in certain situations RESTful HTTP requires no XML. We present the disadvantages of the SOAP approach and outline how ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper is devoted to the coordination of secondary voltage control and adaptive parameters resetting of the power system stabilizer, in order to increase stability, margins in real time operation. Secondary voltage control and the power system stabilizer are two control loops, which affect the same system parameter on different bases - that parameter is the voltage set-point of the automatic voltage regulator. It was found that their effects were complementary. In that way, through the proper coordination of actions of these two control loops open up a wide range of possibilities for ensuring the stability of bulk power systems in real time. For the establishment of this coordination, an on-line sequential algorithm is proposed which is based on adaptive resetting of the voltage set-point of the automatic voltage regulator and the PSS parameters. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is confined through simulations on a real-life ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Forster et al. recently showed that weak nonlocality can be amplified by giving the first protocol that distills a class of nonlocal boxes (NLBs) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 120401 (2009)] We first show that their protocol is optimal among all nonadaptive protocols. We next consider adaptive protocols. We show that the depth-2 protocol of Allcock et al. [Phys. Rev. A 80, 062107 (2009)] performs better than previously known adaptive depth-2 protocols for all symmetric NLBs. We present a depth-3 protocol that extends the known region of distillable NLBs. We give examples of NLBs for which each of the Forster et al., the Allcock et al., and our protocols perform best. The understanding we develop is that there is no single optimal protocol for NLB distillation. The choice of which protocol to use depends on the noise parameters for the NLB.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Despite the widely recognized usefulness of the AAPM TG-43 brachytherapy dose calculation formalism, a straightforward application of this approach to describe the dose distribution about intravascular line sources as proposed by TG-60 may be difficult or even impossible, especially when these line sources emit low-energy photons or beta particles. The causes of these limitations are investigated and illustrated by means of some numerical examples. In order to solve the observed limitations an adapted formalism is proposed, intended specifically for the description of the dose rate distribution about line sources but conceptually similar to the TG-43/TG-60 formalism. Several examples are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed line source dose calculation formalism.

CERN Document Server

The Multiconjugate Adaptive optics Demonstrator (MAD) has successfully demonstrated on sky both Star Oriented (SO) and Layer Oriented (LO) multiconjugate adaptive optics techniques. While SO has been realized using 3 Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors (WFS), we designed a multi-pyramid WFS for the LO. The MAD bench accommodates both WFSs and a selecting mirror allows choosing which sensor to use. In the LO approach up to 8 pyramids can be placed on as many reference stars and their light is co-added optically on two different CCDs conjugated at ground and to an high layer. In this paper we discuss LO commissioning phase and on sky operations.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Climate variability greatly affects animals through direct and indirect effects. Animals with slow reproductive adaptation to ecological changes such as large mammals are likely to have evolved mechanisms to anticipate early such impacts of climate variability on the environment. One of the adaptive mechanisms between reproductive costs and benefits in mammals affects parental investment through biases in sex ratio. Deer might be likely to show an early detection of climate variability because conception takes place in early autumn, but the main raising cost in deer concerns lactation, which takes place at the end of the following spring. The aim of this paper is to assess whether there is a relationship between global indices of climate variability such as El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (EN...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract In many places in the world the effects of common floods are increased by climate change. In the area around the Indonesian city of Semarang, the number and effects of tidal flooding are becoming more and more severe. We found that the inhabitants used different strategies against the impact of flooding. In both the existing and the predicted flood prone areas, most people appear not to intend to leave the area, even when the floods become everyday routine. People are connected to their dwellings in a way that abandoning is not a realistic scenario. This study provides relevant information about the way people in the affected areas perceive flood risks and adaptation opportunities. Governmental policy-makers and urban planners could base their strategies and actions on this inform...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A robust adaptive Power System Stabilizer algorithm using a Generalized Multivariable Pole Shifting (GMPS) technique is presented in this paper. The algorithm handles systems with equal or unequal numbers of inputs and outputs, therefore both shaft speed as well as the generator power are used to derive the stabilizing control. The technique also provides a simple scheme of on-line self-searching pole shifting factor to meet the excitation control limits. The application of the proposed stabilizer to a simulated generator excitation control under a wide range of operating and disturbance conditions demonstrates that the new control strategy is superior to conventional Power System Stabilizer (PSS) and the widely accepted Minimum Variance Self-Tuning Controller (MVSTC).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract We suggest a simple scheme for automatically determining the width parameter of smearing methods of the Brillouin zone integration in electronic structure calculation. The scheme retains one free parameter that at any time can be eliminated by choosing a denser k-space mesh until the desired accuracy is obtained. The tests are carried out in the context of Methfessel-Paxton smearing. This adaptive Gaussian smearing (AGS) is easily implemented, variational with respect to partial occupancies and free from spurious occupancies that are negative or larger than one. Its convergence properties are similar to those obtained with the modified tetrahedron method for energy resolution of -0.1 meV. 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes the specifications, conceptual design, prototype testing and operating experience of an oil-filled high voltage pulse transmission cable adapted from commercially available air-dielectric RF components. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) requires a method of transmitting 250kV, 70 nanosecond pulses from the power conditioning equipment to the accelerator. The oil-filled cable approach was chosen over alternative concepts because of its high voltage holding capacity, long life and flexibility. The criteria for cable and connector design are discussed. The results of prototype testing and performance of the final design are presented.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The molar extinction coefficients at the absorption maximum of the solvated electron spectrum have been evaluated to be 900, 970, and 1000 mol-1?m2 for 1,2-ethanediol (12ED), 1,2-propanediol (12PD), and 1,3-propanediol (13PD), respectively. These values are two-third or three-fourth of the value usually reported in the published report. Picosecond pulse radiolysis studies have aided in depicting the radiolytic yield of the solvated electron in these solvents as a function of time from picosecond to microsecond. The radiolytic yield in these viscous solvents is found to be strongly different from that of the water solution. The temperature dependent absorption spectra of the solvated electron in 12ED, 12PD, and 13PD have been also investigated. In all the three solvents, the optical spectra shift to the red with increasing temperature. While the shape of the spectra does not change in 13PD, a widening on the blue side of the absorption band is observed in 12ED and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The functioning of animal as well as human societies fundamentally relies on cooperation. Yet, defection is often favorable for the selfish individual, and social dilemmas arise. Selection by individuals' fitness, usually the basic driving force of evolution, quickly eliminates cooperators. However, evolution is also governed by fluctuations that can be of greater importance than fitness differences, and can render evolution effectively neutral. Here, we investigate the effects of selection versus fluctuations in social dilemmas. By studying the mean extinction times of cooperators and defectors, a variable sensitive to fluctuations, we are able to identify and quantify an emerging 'edge of neutral evolution' that delineates regimes of neutral and Darwinian evolution. Our results reveal that cooperation is significantly maintained in the neutral regimes. In contrast, the classical predictions of evolutionary game theory, where defectors ...

CERN Document Server

We outline to the community the value of a Magellanic Clouds Survey that consists of three components: I) a complete-area, high resolution, multi-band UV-near-IR broadband survey; II) a narrowband survey in 7 key nebular filters to cover a statistically significant sample of representative HII regions and a large-area, contiguous survey of the diffuse, warm ISM; and III) a comprehensive FUV spectroscopic survey of 1300 early-type stars. The science areas enabled by such a dataset are as follows: A) assessment of massive star feedback in both HII regions and the diffuse, warm ISM; B) completion of a comprehensive study of the 30 Doradus giant extragalactic HII region (GEHR); C) development and quantitative parameterization of stellar clustering properties; D) extensive FUV studies of early-type stellar atmospheres and their energy distributions; and E) similarly extensive FUV absorption-line studies of molecular cloud structure and ISM extinction properties. These ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

New five complexes of the type of [RuL sub(3-x)(dmby) sub(x)]X sub(2)(x = 1,2,3, L = 2,2'-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline, dmby = 3,3'-dimethy1-2,2'-bipyridyl, X = halide ion) have been synthesized in order to investigate the effects of two methyl groups of dmby on the absorption and emission spectra, luminescence quantum yields, and lifetimes. Values of the radiative and nonradiative rate constants have been calculated from these data at 77K. Although the absorption and emission maxima and the lifetimes are not much affected by the dmby ligand substitution, the molar extinction coefficients and emission quantum yields are decreased compared with trischelated complexes of the parent bipyridyl or phenanthroline ligands. At 25"0C the emission yields of the complexes containing dmby decrease by 3 - 4 orders of magnitude than at 77K. Possible causes of the decrease in the quantum yields are discussed. (author).

CERN Document Server

We present deep optical long-slit spectra of 17 edge-on spiral galaxies of intermediate to late morphological type, mostly parallel to their major axes and in a few cases parallel to the minor axes.The line-of-sight stellar kinematics are obtained from the stellar absorption lines using the improvedc ross-correlation technique. In general, the stellar kinematics are regular and can be traced well into the disc-dominated region. The mean stellar velocity curves are far from solid-body, indicating that the effect of dust extinction is not large. The line-of-sight stellar disc velocity dispersion correlates with the galaxy maximum rotational velocity, but detailed modeling is necessary to establish whether this represents a physical relation. In four spirals with a boxy- or peanut-shaped bulge we are able to detect asymmetric velocity distributions, having a common signature with projected radius in the mean line-of-sight velocity and the $h_{3}$ and $h_{4}$ curves. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A rapid and sensitive method for the separation and determination of titanium and iron in thiocyanate system has been developed. The extractability of Ti(II) by high molecular weight (HMWA) in organic solvent (HCl/sub 3/) and its separation from Fe(III) was examined. The yellow coloured complex of Ti(II)-SCN in quantitatively extracted into the organic phase containing tribenzyl tribenzylamine (TBA) - a high molecular weight amine, whereas the blood red coloured complex of Fe(III)-SCN formed under the same conditions get separated in the aqueous phase. On the basis of the selective extractability, a method has been developed for the separation as well as simultaneous determination of Ti(II) and Fe(III) in presence of many other elements. The molar extinction coefficients were found to be 1.9 x 10/sup 5/ l mol/sup -1/ cm/sup -1/ and 1.11 x 10/sup 5/ l mol/sup -1/ cm/sup -1/ respectively for Ti(II) and Fe(III). The extractability of the complex of fully applied to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The kinetics of oxidation of uranium (IV) monofluoride complex by nitrous acid in nitric acid solution have been studied. The experiments were carried out at constant ionic strength of 2M (HNO_3 and NaNO_3) and temperature in the range of 18-47 deg C. The rate of reaction was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 621 nm, at which the molar extinction coefficients of UF"3"+ and UF_2"2"+ are the same. It was shown that reaction orders for [HNO_2] and [HNO_3] are equal to 0.12 and 0.39, respectively. The values of activation parameters #DELTA#H"#not =# and #DELTA#S"#not =# are determined to be 83 kJ mol"-"1 and 75 J (mol.K)"-"1, respectively. The rate order of the reaction studied has a weak direct depedence on [H"+] in contrary to the strong and reverse dependence in the absence of fluoride ions. In conclusion, fluoride ions may strongly stabilize the U(IV) in nitric acid solutions. (author) 4 refs.; 3 figs.; 2 tabs.

CERN Document Server

NGC 2770 has been the host of three supernovae of Type Ib during the last 10 years, SN 1999eh, SN 2007uy and SN 2008D. SN 2008D attracted special attention due to the serendipitous discovery of an associated X-ray transient. In this paper, we study the properties of NGC 2770 and specifically the three SN sites to investigate whether this galaxy is in any way peculiar to cause a high frequency of SNe Ib. We model the global SED of the galaxy from broadband data and derive a star-formation and SN rate comparable to the values of the Milky Way. We further study the galaxy using longslit spectroscopy covering the major axis and the three SN sites. From the spectroscopic study we find subsolar metallicities for the SN sites, a high extinction and a moderate star-formation rate. In a high resolution spectrum, we also detect diffuse interstellar bands in the line-of-sight towards SN 2008. A comparison of NGC 2770 to the global properties of a galaxy sample with high SN ...

CERN Document Server

For purposes of designing targeted cataclysmic variable (CV) detection surveys and interpreting results of other projects with many CV detections such as the ChaMPlane Survey, we have created a model of the CV distribution in the Galaxy. It is modeled as a warped, flared exponential disk with a gaussian vertical distribution. Extinction is based on a detailed Galactic dust and gas model. A luminosity function for CVs is also incorporated, based on a smoothed version of published data. We calculate predicted field detection rates as a function of the limiting magnitude expected for the detecting system (i.e. WIYN/Hydra or NOAO 4m/Mosaic). Monte-Carlo techniques are used to assess statistical fluctuations in these rates. We have created maps of the expected CV distribution for the full non-bulge Galactic plane (20

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The detection limit of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), about a few microgram per kg, is not sufficient to determine iridium concentrations in most geological samples. Use of the coincidence counting of the 316 and 468 keV gamma-rays emitted during the decay of {sup 192}Ir, improved the sensitivity (0.01 microgram per kg). The high iridium content of the clay layers from the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition (KTB) has been considered as an evidence of the extra-terrestrial origin of the KTB mass extinction. However some results indicate that a significant part of the iridium content in sediments has a volcanic origin. Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis (RNAA) in some KTB samples and in basic and ultra-basic rocks show that, unlike in volcanic products, no PGE (platinoids) fractionation appears in KTB samples. The nearby chondritic PGE pattern supports an extra-terrestrial origin for the KTB iridium anomaly. 2 figs., 2 tabs., 37 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Extraction of copper-, nickel-, zinc- and cadmium complexes with 4-(2 pyridilazo)-resorcin (PAR) is studied in the presence of 2-aminopyridine (Am). Maximum optical densities of the extracts are attained at pH=7.5-8.0; 6.0-7.0; 6.5-7.0 and 7.0-8.0, respectively. The ratio of components in the complexes extractable by chloroform was defined by the method of isomolar series and equilibrium shift. It is established that nickel and copper are extracted to the organic phase as the NiAm(PAR)_2 and CuAmPAR complexes, and, in the case of zinc and cadmium, complexes of different composition are extracted, for example Zn(Am)_2PAR and ZnAm(PAR)_2. The light absorption spectra are studied and molar extinction coefficients of complex extracts are determined at lambdasub(max). It is shown that the general low of light absorption is observed within a sufficiently wide range of concentrations for all the elements.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The application of HVDC system to the trunk power supply system requires the transmission of DC power as much as possible to improve the stability of the whole AC/DC system. To meet this requirement, continued pulse system, which keeps sending a DC current even when an AC voltage lowers remarkably, has been used. The stability is much more improved by adding damping control which modulates converter active and/or reactive power. In order to make full use of such control effects, it is important that the HVDC system maintains stable operation during faults and reclosing of the AC system. In particular, it is necessary to prevent a repetitive commutation failure following the unbalanced AC transmission line faults. In this paper, the cause of the repetitive commutation failure is discussed by using the AC-DC power system simulator developed by CRIEPI. Based on the analytical result, a stabilization control scheme with on-line extinction angle estimation is proposed, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Complex formation between neptunium(IV) and neptunium(V) ions with thiosemicarbazidodiacetic acid in solution has been studied spectrophotometrically. Under the conditions employed herein complexes of composition 1:2 and 1:1, in the form Np(HR)_2 and NpO_2R"2"-, respectively, are formed. Stability constants for these complexes have been calculated and their molar extinction coefficients have been determined, and are equal to (1.33 +/- 0.25) x 10"7, log #beta# = 7.11 +/- 0.8, element of/sub K/ = 96 +/- 3 liter/mole x cm for Np(HR)_2, and (2.34 +/- 0.2) x 10"3, log #beta# = 3.36 +/- 0.036, element of/sub K/ = 235 +/- 1 liter/mole x cm for NpO_2R"2"-. Spectrophotometric titration has also shown that in basic solutions thiosemicarbazidodiacetic acid behaves as a tribasic acid; it third ionization constant has been determined and is equal to 10/sup -9.2/.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are used to analyze the ripening and dissolution of small Si interstitial clusters and #left brace#113#right brace# defects, and its influence on transient enhanced diffusion of dopants in silicon. The evolution of Si interstitial defects is studied in terms of the probabilities of emitted Si interstitials being recaptured by other defects or in turn being annihilated at the surface. These two probabilities are related to the average distance among defects and their distance to the surface, respectively. During the initial stages of the defect ripening, when the defect concentration is high enough and the distance among them is small, Si interstitials are mostly exchanged among defects with a minimal loss of them to the surface. Only when defects grow to large sizes and their concentration decreases, the loss of Si interstitials through diffusion to the surface prevails, causing their dissolution. The presence of large and stable defects near the surface ...

CERN Document Server

In 1960s V.Geodakian proposed a theory that explains sexes as a mechanism for evolutionary adaptation of the species to changing environmental conditions. In 2001 V.Iskrin refined and augmented the concepts of Geodakian and gave a new and interesting explanation to several phenomena which involve sex, and sex ratio, including the war-years phenomena. He also introduced a new concept of the "catastrophic sex ratio." This note is an attempt to digest technical aspects of the new ideas by Iskrin.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new optics providing an emittance close to the minimum theoretical value has been proposed for the Super-ACO storage ring with a reduced value of the momentum compaction factor and non-zero dispersive function in the Free-Electron Laser (FEL) section. It has been adapted to the FEL operation mode, with two RF cavities at 100 and 500 MHz. The obtained results concerning this new optics and the FEL oscillation are presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The peculiarities of pulsed laser melting and evaporation of the superconducting ceramics are analyzed by means of numerical simulation. The appearance of the overheated metastable states in solid and liquid phases is shown as a result of the phase front dynamics and volume nature of laser energy release. A method of dynamic adaptation for the multifront Stefan problem is proposed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The proton therapy gives an irradiation adapted to the shape and the depth of tumors ( eyes, head and neck) with a millimetric, even sub millimetric precision for the ophthalmological tumors. It is equally an excellent tool for the pediatrics tumors. For numerous treatments in France the proton therapy is associated to the photons treatments (x radiation). however, others physical treatments could modulate the medical offer, such thermal therapy or treatments by ultrasonic waves. (N.C.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present a modification of the closed-loop state space model for AO control which allows delays that are a non-integer multiple of the system frame rate. We derive the new forms of the Predictive Fourier Control Kalman filters for arbitrary delays and show that they are linear combinations of the whole-frame delay terms. This structure of the controller is independent of the delay. System stability margins and residual error variance both transition gracefully between integer-frame delays.

Science.gov (United States)

Resistance exercise has been widely reported to have positive rehabilitation effects for patients with neuromuscular and orthopaedic conditions. This paper presents an optimal design of magneto-rheological fluid dampers for variable resistance exercise devices. Adaptive controls for regulating the resistive force or torque of the device as well as the joint motion are presented. The device provides both isometric and isokinetic strength training for various human joints.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chapter 2 describes the worldwide increase of primary energy consumption, which is expected in coming decades and results in possible solutions of a decentralised energy supply that is mainly based upon renewable energy carriers and the use of cogeneration systems. Chapter 3 shows the characteristics of decentralised system components that have been investigated in the frame of this research work as well as the resulting model library to depict the operational performance of the individual components and their mutual influence. A detailed dynamic simulation of a complete fuel cell system based on a steam reformer including the concept of local and superordinate control circuits is presented in chapter 4. Chapter 5 includes the integrated concepts for the intelligent and adaptable management of complex decentralised energy systems as well as a description of their implementation. Apart from the applied metaheuristic optimization methods the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This work presents a method to monitor the stability of a power system, after a major disturbance, using of adaptive time series approach. The model parameters are updated every time the prediction stage is completed. Besides, according to the values of the parameters, one may conclude the system will be unstable, will go to be a damped sine wave or even a damped exponential. (author) 29 refs., 12 figs., 3 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Microfluidic systems and methods are disclosed which are adapted to transport and lyse cellular components of a test sample for analysis. The disclosed microfluidic systems and methods, which employ an electric field to rupture the cell membrane, cause unusually rapid lysis, thereby minimizing continued cellular activity and resulting in greater accuracy of analysis of cell processes.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Long-term heat acclimation (AC, 30d/34°C) is a phenotypic adaptation leading to increased thermotolerance during heat stress (HS, 2 h 41°C). AC also renders protection against...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The objectives of this paper are to discuss the following aspects of physiopathology of iodine nutrition related to thyroid irradiation by nuclear accidents: (1) The cycle of iodine in nature, the dietary sources of iodine and the recommended dietary allowances for iodine. (2) The anomalies of thyroid metabolism induced by iodine deficiency. The caricatural situation as seen in endemic goitre will be used as mode. (3) The specific paediatric aspects of adaptation to iodine deficiency. (4) The present status of iodine nutrition in Europe. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An electrical circuit testing device is provided, comprising a case, a digital voltage level testing circuit with a display means, a switch to initiate measurement using the device, a non-shorting switching means for selecting pre-determined electrical wiring configurations to be tested in an outlet, a terminal block, a five-pole electrical plug mounted on the case surface and a set of adapters that can be used for various multiple-pronged electrical outlet configurations for voltages from 100 600 VAC from 50 100 Hz.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe differentiation of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes following priming of naïve cells is central in the establishment of the adaptive immune response. Yet, the...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This thesis investigates the application of artificial neural networks for the compression of image data. An algorithm is developed using the competitive learning paradigm which takes advantage of the parallel processing and classification capability of neural networks to produce an efficient implementation of vector quantization. Multi-Stage, tree searched, and classification vector quantization codebook design are adapted to the neural network design to reduce the computational cost and hardware requirements. The results show that the new algorithm provides a substantial reduction in computational costs and an improvement in performance.

CERN Document Server

Canonical gravity in real Ashtekar-Barbero variables is generalized to allow for fermionic matter. The resulting torsion changes several expressions in Holst's original vacuum analysis, which are explicitly displayed here. This in turn requires adaptations to the known canonical (loop) quantization of gravity coupled to fermions, which is discussed on the basis of the classical analysis.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of the invention is to improve adaptability of a compression shield to irregularities of a face. This goal is achieved in that a compressible shield is made in the form of a lattice of elastic transverse plates with grooves, elastic vertical elements installed in the grooves, and an elastic plate which is concave toward the face. The plate is located vertically in the middle of the shield. The compressible shield is attached by hinges to a deflector. Telescopic cross pieces are attached by hinges to the covering section of reinforcement, offering the possibility of longitudinal movement at the point of attachment.

Science.gov (United States)

Mission, threat and capabilities adaptations in the twenty-first century continue to change the tasks assigned to U.S. Army Infantry units. Traditional infantry tactical training does not prepare U.S. infantry forces for many of the tasks required in cont...

CERN Document Server

In this paper, we describe our vectorized and parallelized adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) N-body code with shared time steps, and report its performance on a Fujitsu VPP5000 vector-parallel supercomputer. Our AMR N-body code puts hierarchical meshes recursively where higher resolution is required and the time step of all particles are the same. The parts which are the most difficult to vectorize are loops that access the mesh data and particle data. We vectorized such parts by changing the loop structure, so that the innermost loop steps through the cells instead of the particles in each cell, in other words, by changing the loop order from the depth-first order to the breadth-first order. Mass assignment is also vectorizable using this loop order exchange and splitting the loop into $2^{N_{dim}}$ loops, if the cloud-in-cell scheme is adopted. Here, $N_{dim}$ is the number of dimension. These vectorization schemes which eliminate the unvectorized loops are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Coastal Zone Sector of the Canadian Climate Impact and Adaptation Research Network (C-CIARN) was established to address concerns regarding climate change in coastal areas. Coastal zones are sensitive to increases in air, sea and ground temperatures as well as to variations in sea level, precipitation, ice thickness, and storm intensity. This report presents the results of a workshop which focused on how coastal communities will be affected by climate induced water level changes, particularly sea-level rise on ocean coasts and decreasing lake levels in the Great Lakes. The workshop addressed issues such as the effects of changing water levels on coastal infrastructure, utilities, community development, and the implications of changing water levels to human safety, cultural resources, tourism, and insurance. The workshop reviewed the current state of understanding on water level fluctuations resulting from climate change. It also identified information and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A splice assembly tool for assembling component parts of an electrical conductor while producing a splice connection between electrical cables therewith, comprises a first structural member adaptable for supporting force applying means thereon, said force applying means enabling a rotary force applied manually thereto to be converted to a longitudinal force for subsequent application against a first component part of said electrical connection, a second structural member adaptable for engaging a second component part in a manner to assist said first structural member in assembling the component parts relative to one another and transmission means for conveying said longitudinal force between said first and said second structural members, said first and said second structural members being coupled to one another by said transmission means, wherein at least one of said component parts comprises a tubular elastomeric sleeve and said force applying ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radioadapted chicken embryo cells (X-irradiation in ovo with 10 cGy at the 14th day of development with priming periods of 24 h) were treated in vitro by challenge doses of 14 different DNA- and/or chromatin-interactive agents, including X-rays. A decrease in the cellular damage, as measured by scheduled DNA synthesis, was only observed with X-irradiation. Sedimentation of nucleoids as well as viscosity of alkaline lysates from ethidium bromide (0.35-400 {mu}g/ml)-, vovobiocin (125-1800 {mu}g/ml)-, and hyperthermia (30 min at 43 and 45 )-treated cells suggest a higher tendency of radioadapted cells to undergo positive DNA supercoiling. When DNA from adapted and non-adapted chicken embryo cells was used as substrate, neither its digestion by DNase I nor the inhibition of DNase I activity by various DNA-interactive agents was changed in primed cells. From the previous investigations as well as from the present results it is concluded that an ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Nilsson Plate High Frequency Adaptation of the Static Electrification Monitor developed by Electric Research and Management, Inc. for EPRI has demonstrated that the Nilsson Plate can be utilized as a practical high frequency antenna to record partial discharge activity within a transformer. Tests in the ABB factory at Muncie, IN on a 650 MVA, 345/20.9 kV, three-phase unit step-up transformer for TU Electric showed the Nilsson plate detecting partial discharge activity. Although this test was the first attempt at using the Nilsson plate in this manner, and in spite of higher than expected electrical noise levels, the data demonstrated that partial discharges can be detected. The tests also demonstrated that corona activity external to the transformer was not recorded by the plate. Some development work needs to be completed to eliminate the noise source from other monitors on the Static Electrification monitor, and to utilize state-of-the-art computer ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A multivariate adaptive power system stabilizer is proposed. The advantages of using coordinated governor and excitation control are discussed, and the problems associated with constant parameter power system stabilizers (CPSS) are highlighted. The proposed multi-input multi-output (MIMO) power system stabilizer can coordinate the governor and excitation control and can overcome the problems associated with CPSS in power system stabilization. Selective multivariable state modelling, identification and control methods are investigated and the MIMO least squares technique with variable forgetting factor is used for system identification, guaranteeing good parameter tracking after a disturbance. Two multivariable self-tuning algorithms are investigated, the generalized minimum variance control and pole-shifting control algorithms. The multivariable self-searching pole-shifting algorithm is developed. Models of a single machine connected to an infinite bus through a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The subject of FDD (fault detection and diagnosis) has gained widespread industrial interest in machine condition monitoring applications. This is mainly due to the potential advantage to be achieved from reduced maintenance costs, improved productivity and increased machine availability. This paper presents a new FDD scheme for condition machinery of an industrial steam turbine using a data fusion methodology. Fusion of a SVM (support vector machine) classifier with an ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) classifier, integrated into a common framework, is utilized to enhance the fault detection and diagnostic tasks. For this purpose, a multi-attribute data is fused into aggregated values of a single attribute by OWA (ordered weighted averaging) operators. The simulation studies indicate that the resulting fusion-based scheme outperforms the individual SVM and ANFIS systems to detect and diagnose incipient steam turbine faults. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Research was conducted at Pacific Northwest Laboratory to develop high photosensitivity adaptive optical elements utilizing ion implanted lanthanum-doped lead-zirconate-titanate (PLZT). One centimeter square samples were prepared by implanting ferroelectric and anti-ferroelectric PLZT with a variety of species or combinations of species. These included Ne, O, Ni, Ne/Cr, Ne/Al, Ne/Ni, Ne/O, and Ni/O, at a variety of energies and fluences. An indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode coating was designed to give a balance of high conductivity and optical transmission at near uv to near ir wavelengths. Samples were characterized for photosensitivity; implanted layer thickness, index of refraction, and density; electrode (ITO) conductivity; and in some cases, residual stress curvature. Thin film anti-ferroelectric PLZT was deposited in a preliminary experiment. The structure was amorphous with x-ray diffraction showing the beginnings of a structure at substrate temperatures of ...

Science.gov (United States)

We describe a closed-loop brain-computer interface that re-ranks an image database by iterating between user generated 'interest' scores and computer vision generated visual similarity measures. The interest scores are based on decoding the electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of target detection, attentional shifts and self-monitoring processes, which result from the user paying attention to target images interspersed in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) sequences. The highest scored images are passed to a semi-supervised computer vision system that reorganizes the image database accordingly, using a graph-based representation that captures visual similarity between images. The system can either query the user for more information, by adaptively resampling the database to create additional RSVP sequences, or it can converge to a 'done' state. The done state includes a final ranking of the image database and also a 'guess' of the user's chosen category of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In May 1990 a group of scientists representing several federal agencies, the International Society of Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, the private sector, and academia met to develop a strategy to encourage the study of the biological effects of low level exposures (BELLE) to chemical agents and radioactivity. A workshop was held in 1991 with seven invited speakers focusing on the toxicological implications of biological adaptations. The selection of topics and speakers was designed to consider critically the concept of hormesis, not only in a broad, conceptual manner, but also at the molecular and biochemical levels. These presentations offered a complementary perspective on the diverse range of molecular mechanisms that can become activated at low levels of toxicant exposure. In addition to chemical toxicology research, an overview of current research on 'Effects of low-dose radiation on the immune response' was presented as well as 'Cellular ...

CERN Document Server

Kohn-Sham density functional theory is one of the most widely used electronic structure theories. Uniform discretization of the Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian generally results in a large number of basis functions per atom in order to resolve the rapid oscillations of the Kohn-Sham orbitals around the nuclei. Previous attempts to reduce the number of basis functions per atom include the usage of atomic orbitals and similar objects, but the atomic orbitals generally require fine tuning in order to reach the chemical accuracy. We present a novel discretization scheme that adaptively and systematically builds the rapid oscillations of the Kohn-Sham orbitals around the nuclei as well as environmental effects into the basis functions. The resulting basis functions are localized in the real space, and are discontinuous in the global domain. The continuous Kohn-Sham orbitals and the electron density are evaluated from the discontinuous basis functions using the discontinuous ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Some diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), including the Gamma Reaction History (GRH) diagnostic, require multiple channels of data to achieve the required dynamic range. These channels need to be stitched together into a single time series, and they may have non-uniform and redundant time samples. We chose to apply the popular cubic smoothing spline technique to our stitching problem because we needed a general non-parametric method. We adapted one of the algorithms in the literature, by Hutchinson and deHoog, to our needs. The modified algorithm and the resulting code perform a cubic smoothing spline fit to multiple data channels with redundant time samples and missing data points. The data channels can have different, time-varying, zero-mean white noise characteristics. The method we employ automatically determines an optimal smoothing level by minimizing the Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) score. In order to automatically validate the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A metamaterial that is composed of solid viscoelastic elements with controllable properties is proposed in this Letter. This enables an adaptable and general acoustic metamaterial to be practically realised. An array of masses with a single elastic connection to a supporting viscoelastic structure, such as one that is dynamically equivalent to an array of Helmholtz resonators, only provides a system with negative effective mass. A local active control scheme applied to each of these masses can emulate additional elastic connections to the supporting structure. An array of masses with a suitable local control scheme can provide both the negative effective stiffness and mass required for negative refraction. The tuneable feedback control parameters determine the characteristics of the region...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

;Contents: Comparison of Simulation Modules of TRANSYT and INTEGRATION Models; Evaluation of SCATSIM-RTA Adaptive Traffic Network Simulation Model; Comparison NETSIM, NETFLO I, and NETFLO II Traffic Simulation Models for Fixed-Time Signal Control; Traffic Flow Simulation Through Parallel Processing; Cluster Analysis as Tool in Traffic Engineering; Traffic Platoon Dispersion Modeling on Arterial Streets; Hybrid Model for Estimating Permitted Left-Turn Saturations Flow Rate; and Passing Sight Distance and Overtaking Dilemma on Two-Lane Roads.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

According to Schumpeter, the creative process of economic development can be divided into the stages of invention, innovation (commercialization) and imitation. Each stage is associated with specific skills. This paper examines whether Schumpeter?s assertion was correct, i.e. whether the invention and innovation stages should be undertaken by different agents. In addition, we examine whether there is a rationale for the Schumpeterian entrepreneur to include the inventor in the commercialization process. Combining the abilities of the entrepreneur and the inventor may serve to facilitate customer adaptation, strengthen knowledge transfers and reduce uncertainty, thereby expanding market opportunities. Based on a unique database covering Swedish patents granted to individuals and small firms...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As the cost of developing completely new computer codes becomes prohibitive, designers of nuclear facilities are turning to more cost-effective approaches for meeting increasingly strict regulatory requirements applied to safety-related analysis. For designing and licensing the MAPLE family of research reactors, Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. (AECL) is employing the strategy of adapting major existing codes by linking them together within networks of custom-built interface software. This approach builds on the international investment in developing, maintaining, and verifying existing primary codes and focuses on the less onerous development of interface codes. The resultant code systems are then validated for the new applications of interest.