quasielastic ccqe double: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

Pairing effect in the nucleon transfer processes in quasi-elastic heavy ion scattering

Two relativistic approaches are considered to evaluate the quasielastic double-differential and integrated neutrino-nucleus cross sections. One, based on the relativistic impulse approximation, relies on the microscopic description of nuclear dynamics using relativistic mean field theory, and incorporates a description of the final-state interactions. The second is based on the superscaling behavior exhibited by electron scattering data and its applicability, due to the universal character of the scaling function, to the analysis of neutrino scattering reactions. The role played by the vector meson-exchange currents in the two-particle two-hole sector is also incorporated and the results obtained are compared with the recent data for neutrinos measured by the MiniBooNE Collaboration.

2011-01-01

3

Semiclassical aspects of transfer reactions

... range krypton 86 reactions molybdenum 92 target probability quasi-elastic

1987-04-14

4

Double Beta Decay, Nuclear Structure and Physics beyond the Standard Model

Semiclassical analysis of heavy ion induced transfer reactions are discussed for the quasielastic region. Some unique aspects of these reactions are shown, the variety of features which can be understood semiclassically is demonstrated, and some open problems are indicated. 28 refs., 16 figs. (LEW)

1985-01-01

5

Neutron magnetic form factor G{sub M}{sup n}(Q{sup 2}) from quasielastic inclusive scattering data on D and {sup 4}He

Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay ($0\

2011-01-01

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Neutron magnetic form factor G_M"n(Q"2) from quasielastic inclusive scattering data on D and "4He

We analyze cross sections for quasielastic inclusive scattering of electrons on nuclei and show that the observed isolated peaks for relatively low Q{sup 2} are unique for the lightest targets. Focusing, in particular, on D and {sup 4}He, we investigate in two ways to what measure the above peaks can be allocated to nucleon-elastic processes. We first compute approximate upper limits for the nucleon-inelastic background in the quasielastic region due to inclusive {delta} excitation, and find those to be small. Far more precise is a semiphenomenological approach, where the dominance of nucleon-elastic processes is translated into a set of stringent requirements. We show that those are very well fulfilled for recent D data, and to a somewhat lesser extent for older D and {sup 4}He data. With knowledge of G{sub E,M}{sup p} and information on G{sub E}{sup n}, we then extract G{sub M}{sup n} and find agreement with values obtained by alternative ...

2004-07-01

7

Dynamics of polyethylene studied by high resolution neutron spectrometer LAM-80ET

We analyze cross sections for quasielastic inclusive scattering of electrons on nuclei and show that the observed isolated peaks for relatively low Q"2 are unique for the lightest targets. Focusing, in particular, on D and "4He, we investigate in two ways to what measure the above peaks can be allocated to nucleon-elastic processes. We first compute approximate upper limits for the nucleon-inelastic background in the quasielastic region due to inclusive #DELTA# excitation, and find those to be small. Far more precise is a semiphenomenological approach, where the dominance of nucleon-elastic processes is translated into a set of stringent requirements. We show that those are very well fulfilled for recent D data, and to a somewhat lesser extent for older D and "4He data. With knowledge of G_E_,_M"p and information on G_E"n, we then extract G_M"n and find agreement with values obtained by alternative methods. We discuss the sensitivity of the ...

2004-07-01

8

Dynamics of polyethylene studied by high resolution neutron spectrometer LAM-80ET

We have recently developed a high resolution quasielastic neutron scattering spectrometer LAM-80ET by applying mica crystals as analyzers and achieved a resolution of [Delta][epsilon] = 1.3 [mu]eV using the 002 reflection. Single chain dynamics of polyethylene has been investigated below and above the melting temperature T[sub m] (=135degC) to show the feasibility of the mica 002 reflection as the analyzer. It was found that elastic scattering intensity from polyethylene decreases very steeply around the T[sub m]. Quasielastic broadening in the spectrum at Q = 0.082 A[sup -1] is observed only above 210degC, which is 75degC higher than the T[sub m]. From the analysis of the spectra by a curve-fitting method, the width of the quasielastic component was evaluated to be 1.8 [mu]eV at 250degC and the activation energy of the width to be 34 kJ/mol. (author).

1992-06-01

9

FOCUS: time-of-flight spectrometer for cold neutrons at SINQ

We have recently developed a high resolution quasielastic neutron scattering spectrometer LAM-80ET by applying mica crystals as analyzers and achieved a resolution of #DELTA##epsilon# = 1.3 #mu#eV using the 002 reflection. Single chain dynamics of polyethylene has been investigated below and above the melting temperature T_m (=135degC) to show the feasibility of the mica 002 reflection as the analyzer. It was found that elastic scattering intensity from polyethylene decreases very steeply around the T_m. Quasielastic broadening in the spectrum at Q = 0.082 A"-"1 is observed only above 210degC, which is 75degC higher than the T_m. From the analysis of the spectra by a curve-fitting method, the width of the quasielastic component was evaluated to be 1.8 #mu#eV at 250degC and the activation energy of the width to be 34 kJ/mol. (author).

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Extraction of the neutron magnetic form factor from quasielastic {sup 3}He-vector(e-vector,e{sup '}) at Q{sup 2}=0.1-0.6 (GeV/c){sup 2}

The physical layout of the Time-Of-Flight spectrometer at the new spallation source SINQ is presented. The concept shows up a hybrid-TOF combining a Fermi-chopper with a crystal monochromator. The demand of a versatile and flexible instrument for several applications is taken into account by the option of switching from time-focusing to monochromatic focusing mode such that the spectrometer can be optimised for both quasielastic and inelastic scattering applications. (author) 5 figs., 2 tabs., 16 refs.

1996-11-01

11

Extraction of the neutron magnetic form factor from quasielastic "3He-vector(e-vector,e"') at Q"2=0.1-0.6 (GeV/c)"2

We have measured the transverse asymmetry A{sub T{sup '}} in the quasielastic {sup 3}He-vector(e-vector,e{sup '}) process with high precision at Q{sup 2} values from 0.1 to 0.6 (GeV/c){sup 2}. The neutron magnetic form factor G{sub M}{sup n} was extracted at Q{sup 2} values of 0.1 and 0.2 (GeV/c){sup 2} using a nonrelativistic Faddeev calculation which includes both final-state interactions (FSI) and meson-exchange currents (MEC). Theoretical uncertainties due to the FSI and MEC effects were constrained with a precision measurement of the spin-dependent asymmetry in the threshold region of {sup 3}He-vector(e-vector,e{sup '}). We also extracted the neutron magnetic form factor G{sub M}{sup n} at Q{sup 2} values of 0.3 to 0.6 (GeV/c){sup 2} based on plane wave impulse approximation calculations.

2007-03-15

12

Quasi-elastic electron scattering by GaAs surface

We have measured the transverse asymmetry A_T_"' in the quasielastic "3He-vector(e-vector,e"') process with high precision at Q"2 values from 0.1 to 0.6 (GeV/c)"2. The neutron magnetic form factor G_M"n was extracted at Q"2 values of 0.1 and 0.2 (GeV/c)"2 using a nonrelativistic Faddeev calculation which includes both final-state interactions (FSI) and meson-exchange currents (MEC). Theoretical uncertainties due to the FSI and MEC effects were constrained with a precision measurement of the spin-dependent asymmetry in the threshold region of "3He-vector(e-vector,e"'). We also extracted the neutron magnetic form factor G_M"n at Q"2 values of 0.3 to 0.6 (GeV/c)"2 based on plane wave impulse approximation calculations.

2007-03-01

13

Precise Measurement of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor G{sub M}{sup n} in the Few-GeV{sup 2} Region

Using the slow electrons spectrometer one can get information on the surface structure, its element composition, chemical bonds, adsorption phenomena, electron state density and surface oscillation. We have developed the methods and created the apparatus that makes it possible to investigate the electron backscattering by solid surface. We have studied the electron scattering by the polycrystalline and monocrystalline. GaAs surface in the energy range of 0 to 9 eV. The FWHM of electron energy distribution function was 70 meV. (author).

1994-03-20

14

Precise Measurement of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor GMn in the Few-GeV2 Region

The neutron elastic magnetic form factor was extracted from quasielastic electron scattering on deuterium over the range Q{sup 2}=1.0-4.8 GeV{sup 2} with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. High precision was achieved with a ratio technique and a simultaneous in situ calibration of the neutron detection efficiency. Neutrons were detected with electromagnetic calorimeters and time-of-flight scintillators at two beam energies. The dipole parametrization gives a good description of the data.

2009-05-15

15

Practical measurement of diffusion constants in sintered zirconias by using a light-scattering method

The neutron elastic magnetic form factor was extracted from quasielastic electron scattering on deuterium over the range Q2=1.0-4.8 GeV2 with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. High precision was achieved with a ratio technique and a simultaneous in situ calibration of the neutron detection efficiency. Neutrons were detected with electromagnetic calorimeters and time-of-flight scintillators at two beam energies. The dipole parametrization gives a good description of the data.

2009-05-15

16

Nucleon momentum distributions of 39(K), 40(Ca) and 48(Ca)

A practical method to determine the ionic diffusion coefficient and activation energy by using quasielastic light scattering (QELS) is presented. It is shown that a temperature dependence curve of the QELS intensity at a fixed frequency can be well fitted by Jonscher's formula and that the diffusion parameters can be obtained from this curve fitting. This method is successfully applied not only to crystals with high optical quality, as reported earlier, but also to opaque ceramics, which are more important than the crystals from a practical point of view. The composition dependence of the ionic diffusion coefficient is studied in sintered YbSZ to show the usefulness of this method.

1991-03-01

17

Distribution of 6q-fluctons in nuclei and quark enhancement of hard processes with deuteron emission

The proton momentum distributions of (39)K,(40)Ca and (48)Ca are calculated from the model-independent charge distributions obtained from analyses of electron elastic scattering and muonic atoms, and also from the charge distributions calculated from the single-particle potential method in the framework of the flucton model. The sensitivities of the momentum distribution to different regions of the charge distribution are determined. The analysis is extended to the neutron distributions using the single-particle potential method, and the differences between the proton and neutron momentum distributions are examined. The resulting momentum distribution in the case of (40)Ca is used for analyzing the quasielastic electron scattering.

1983-01-01

18

Distribution of 6 q functions in nuclei and quark enhancement of hard processes with deuteron emission

The distributions of the effective numbers of 6q-fluctons in the energy, momentum and distance to the center of mass of nucleus are studied. Many characteristics of these distributions are shown to be universal, i.e. independent of the flucton size. The saturation of the flucton density in A > 80 nuclei and other peculiarities are found, which define different behavior of the effective numbers of fluctons and deuterons. This fact provides an explanation of the known underestimate by a factor of 1.5-6 of the cross sections of hard inclusive (p, p'd) process on nuclei calculated in the quasi-elastic approximation.

19

Biotin-labeled hairpin oligonucleotides: probes to detect double-strand breaks in DNA in apoptotic cells.

"2H, "4He, "1"6O, "4"0Ca, "8"0Zr, "1"4"0Yb, "2"2"4112, "3"3"6168 nuclei are invesigated in terms of flucton model. Effective numbers of nuclear fluctons and deuterons are calculated. Values of complete effective numbers of low-radius deuterons and fluctons with S=1 spin and T=0 isospin are presented. Investigation results of inclusive reactions of quasi-elastic knock-out of deuterons by fast protons are discussed. 9 refs.; 1 fig.; 1 tab.

1988-06-14

20

Double perovskite catalysts for oxidative coupling

Hairpin oligonucleotides were synthesized with stems ending in a double-stranded structure, which can be ligated to double-strand breaks in DNA, and with loops that contain nucleotides modified by the...Full Text Available

1998-04-01

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21

Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Manganese Oxides by Double Replication for Use as an Electrode Material

Alkali metal doped double perovskites containing manganese and at least one of cobalt, iron and nickel are useful in the oxidative coupling of alkane to higher hydrocarbons.

1991-01-01

22

Observation of double analog states in "8"8Zr and "9"0Mo and the neutron excess and mass systematics of pion double charge exchange

Full Text Available

2011-01-01

23

Development of Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorber for X-band Sensors in Double-layered Type Using Carbon

The first successful observation of double analog states in "8"8Zr and "9"0Mo has been made by means of the (#pi#"+,#pi#"-) pion double charge exchange (DCX) reaction. The systematics of the (N - Z) and the A dependence of analog DCX, made possible by these observations, is discussed. (orig.).

24

Design of the Non-Resonant SWG Antenna with Double Slots in the Narrow Wall of Rectangular Waveguide

Full Text Available

2006-12-01

25

Design of a Double-Faced Window Printed Antenna for Aircraft Applications

Full Text Available

2011-01-01

26

Correlation between frequency doubling technology perimetry and scanning laser polarimetry in glaucoma suspects and glaucomatous eyes.

Full Text Available

2011-02-01

27

An analytical study of linear and non-linear double diffusive convection with Soret and Dufour effects in couple stress fluid

Full Text Available

2004-12-01

28

Quark-hadron duality in neutrino scattering

Not Available

2007-09-01

29

Precise Determination of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor to Higher Q{sup 2}

We present a phenomenological model of the quark-hadron transition in neutrino-nucleon scattering. Using recently extracted weak nucleon transition form factors, we investigate the extent to which local and global quark-hadron duality is applicable in the neutrino F{sub 1}, F{sub 2} and F{sub 3} structure functions, and contrast this with duality in electron scattering. Our findings suggest that duality works relatively well for neutrino-nucleon scattering for the F{sub 2} and F{sub 3} structure functions, but not as well for F{sub 1}. We also calculate the quasi-elastic, resonance and deep inelastic contributions to the Adler sum rule, and find it to be satisfied to within 10% for 0.5 < Q{sup 2} < 2 GeV{sup 2}.

2006-07-24

30

Precise Determination of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor to Higher Q"2

The neutron elastic magnetic form factor G{sub M}{sup n} has been extracted from quasielastic scattering from deuterium in the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer, CLAS [B. Mecking et al., Nucl. Inst. and Meth. A 503 (2003) 513]. The kinematic coverage of the measurement is continuous over a broad range, extending from below 1 GeV{sup 2} to nearly 5 GeV{sup 2} in four-momentum transfer squared. High precision is achieved by employing a ratio technique in which most uncertainties cancel, and by a simultaneous in-situ calibration of the neutron detection efficiency, the largest correction to the data. Preliminary results are shown with statistical errors only.

2005-06-13

31

Distribution of 6q-fluctons in nuclei and the quark enhancement of hard processes with the emission of a deuteron

The neutron elastic magnetic form factor G_M"n has been extracted from quasielastic scattering from deuterium in the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer, CLAS [B. Mecking et al., Nucl. Inst. and Meth. A 503 (2003) 513]. The kinematic coverage of the measurement is continuous over a broad range, extending from below 1 GeV"2 to nearly 5 GeV"2 in four-momentum transfer squared. High precision is achieved by employing a ratio technique in which most uncertainties cancel, and by a simultaneous in-situ calibration of the neutron detection efficiency, the largest correction to the data. Preliminary results are shown with statistical errors only.

2005-06-13

32

Distribution of 6/ital q/-fluctons in nuclei and the quark enhancement of hard processes with the emission of a deuteron

The energy, angular momentum, and distance (measured from the center of mass of the nucleus) distributions of the effective number of 6q-fluctons are investigated and it is shown that many of the characteristics of these distributions are universal, i.e., independent of the flucton size. ''Saturation'' of the flucton density in nuclei with mass A approx > 80 and certain other features that determine the difference between the behaviors of the effective numbers of fluctons and deuterons are reported. This is used to explain the well known underestimation (by a factor of 1.5--6) of the cross section for the hard inclusive (p, p'd) process on nuclei calculated in the quasielastic formalism. See S. G. Kadmenskii and V. I. Furman, Alpha decay and elated nuclear reactions (in Russian), Energoatomizdat, Moscow, 1985.

33

A neutrino-nucleon interaction generator for the FLUKA Monte Carlo code

The energy, angular momentum, and distance (measured from the center of mass of the nucleus) distributions of the effective number of 6/ital q/-fluctons are investigated and it is shown that many of the characteristics of these distributions are universal, i.e., independent of the flucton size. ''Saturation'' of the flucton density in nuclei with mass /ital A//approx gt/80 and certain other features that determine the difference between the behaviors of the effective numbers of fluctons and deuterons are reported. This is used to explain the well known underestimation (by a factor of 1.5--6) of the cross section for the hard inclusive (/ital p/, /ital p/'/ital d/) process on nuclei calculated in the quasielastic formalism. See S. G. Kadmenskii and V. I. Furman, /ital Alpha/ /ital decay/ /ital and elated/ /ital nuclear/ /reactions/ (in Russian), Energoatomizdat, Moscow, 1985.

1989-01-01

34

Temperature-induced fusion of small unilamellar vesicles formed from saturated long-chain lecithins and diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine

Event generators that handle neutrino-nucleon interaction have been developed for the FLUKA code [1]. In earlier FLUKA versions only quasi-elastic (QEL) interactions were included, and the code relied on external event generators for the resonance (RES) and deep inelastic scattering (DIS). The new DIS+RES event generator is fully integrated in FLUKA and uses the same hadronization routines as those used for simulating hadron-nucleon interactions. Nuclear effects in neutrino-nucleus interactions are simulated within the same framework as in the FLUKA hadron-nucleus interaction model (PEANUT), thus profiting from its detailed physics modelling and longstanding benchmarking. The generators are available in the standard FLUKA distribution. They are presently under development and several improvements are planned to be implemented. The physics relevant to the neutrino-nucleon interactions and the results of comparisons with experimental data are discussed.

2010-01-01

35

Diffusion and adsorption of methane confined in nanoporous carbon aerogel: a combined quasi-elastic and small-angle neutron scattering study

Small unilamellar vesicles which form when gel-state long-chain phosphatidylcholines are mixed with micellar short-chain lecithins undergo an increase in size as the long-chain species melts to its liquid-crystalline form. Analysis of the vesicle population with quasi-elastic light scattering shows that the particle size increases from 90-A radius to greater than 5000-A radius. Resonance energy transfer experiments show total mixing of lipid probes with unlabeled vesicles only when the Tm of the long-chain phosphatidylcholine is exceeded. This implies that the large size change represents a fusion process. Aqueous compartments are also mixed during this transition. 31P NMR analysis of the vesicle mixtures above the phase transition shows a great degree of heterogeneity with large unilamellar particles coexisting with oligo- and multilamellar structures. Upon cooling the vesicles below the Tm, the original size distribution (e.g., small unilamellar vesicles) is ...

1989-10-03

36

When autophagy meets viruses: a double-edged sword with functions in defense and offense

The diffusion of methane confined in nano-porous carbon aerogel with the average pore size 48 {angstrom} and porosity 60% was investigated as a function of pressure at T = 298 K using quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). The diffusivity of methane shows a clear effect of confinement: it is about two orders of magnitude lower than in bulk at the same thermodynamic conditions and is close to the diffusivity of liquid methane at 100 K (i.e. {approx} 90 K below the liquid-gas critical temperature T{sub C} {approx} 191 K). The diffusion coefficient (D) of methane initially increases with pressure by a factor of {approx}2.5 from 3.47 {+-} 0.41 x 10{sup -10} m{sup 2} s{sup -1} at 0.482 MPa to D = 8.55 {+-} 0.33 x 10{sup -10} m{sup 2} s{sup -1} at 2.75 MPa and starts to decrease at higher pressures. An explanation of the observed non-monotonic behavior of the diffusivity in the confined fluid is based on the results of small-angle neutron scattering experiments of the ...

2010-04-01

37

The first international standard for antibodies to double stranded DNA.

Autophagy is a ubiquitous catabolic process that ensures organism’s well-being by sequestering a wide array of undesired intracellular constituents into double-membrane vesicles termed...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

38

Psychometric evaluation of a radio electric auricular treatment for stress related disorders: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled controlled pilot study

This paper announces the availability of the first international standard for anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA). The material, coded Wo/80, was obtained after recalcification of plasma taken from...Full Text Available

1988-09-01

39

No Effect of a Homeopathic Preparation on Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea in a Randomised Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

BackgroundThe aim of this double-blind randomized study is to test the efficacy of a radio electric stimulator device using an auricular reflex therapy protocol for stress-related...Full Text Available

40

Naturally occurring double-stranded RNA and immune responses. III. Immunogenicity and antigenicity in animals.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of a homeopathic treatment of neonatal calf diarrhoea was performed using 44 calves in 12 dairy herds. Calves with spontaneously derived diarrhoea were...Full Text Available

2003-01-01

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41

Naturally occurring double-stranded RNA and immune responses. Effects on plaque-forming cells and antibody formation.

Naturally occurring, double-stranded RNA (ds-RNA)) was immunogenic when injected into mice, rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, dogs and baboons. The response to native material administered intravenously (i.v.)...Full Text Available

1975-12-01

42

Mapping strain exerted on blood vessel walls using deuterium double-quantum-filtered MRI

A highly purified preparation of double-stranded RNA, obtained from virus-like particles in Penicillium cultures, was found to affert humoral immune responses in mice differentially depending on its...Full Text Available

1975-03-01

43

Evidence for a lack of DNA double-strand break repair in human cells exposed to very low x-ray doses

A technique is described for displaying distinct tissue layers of large blood vessel walls as well as measuring their mechanical strain. The technique is based on deuterium double-quantum-filtered (DQF)...Full Text Available

1998-04-14

44

Double cones are used for colour discrimination in the reef fish, Rhinecanthus aculeatus

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are generally accepted to be the most biologically significant lesion by which ionizing radiation causes cancer and hereditary disease. However, no information on the...Full Text Available

2003-04-29

45

Crotaline snake bite in the Ecuadorian Amazon: randomised double blind comparative trial of three South American polyspecific antivenoms

Double cones (DCs) are the most common cone types in fish, reptiles and birds. It has been suggested that DCs are used for achromatic tasks such as luminance, motion and polarization vision. Here we...Full Text Available

2010-08-23

46

Advances in the detection of neutrinoless double beta decay

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of three polyspecific antivenoms for bites by pit vipers.Design Randomised double blind comparative trial of three antivenoms.Setting...Full Text Available

2004-11-13

47

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper introduces briefly neutrinoless Double Beta Decay and discusses its implications for neutrino physics. After a presentation of general experimental concepts, such as the various proposed methodological approaches and the sensitivity, the current experimental situation is concisely reviewed.

2011-01-01

48

Study of the Behavior of Neutron and gamma Irradiated Double Diffusion Transistors Using the Ibis Model.

Experimental neutron-production double-differential cross section for the nuclear reaction by 1.5-GeV {pi}{sup +} mesons incident on iron

For abstract, see NSA 26 23, number 56263.

1972-01-01

49

DNA double strand breakage after UV irradiation of yeast cells; DNA-Doppelstrangbrueche nach UV-Bestrahlung in Hefezellen

Short communication

1997-08-01

50

Addition of methyl cellulose enema to double-contrast barium imaging of sigmoid diverticulosis

No abstract prepared.

2000-07-01

51

A Double-blinded, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study of the Effect a Small Dose of Ketamine has on Postoperative Pain of Sevoflurane-remifentanil Anesthesia

Double-contrast barium enema has a reduced sensitivity in patients with severe sigmoid diverticulosis. Therefore a carboxy methyl cellulose enema was employed after the conventional double-contrast examination in 15 patients with sigmoid diverticulosis. A significant increase in lumen diameter and a superior removal of barium residue from the diverticulas facilitated the interpretation of the sigmoid loops. Conclusion: The addition of methyl cellulose enema to double-contrast barium imaging improves diagnostic imaging in diverticulosis by expanding the lumen and emptying the diverticulas. (orig.).

1997-01-01

52

Improved Double-Multiple Streamtube Model for the Darrieus-Type Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine.

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2008-02-01

53

Improved double-multiple streamtube model for the Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine

Double streamtube codes model the curved blade (Darrieus-type) vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) as a double actuator-disk arrangement (one disk for the upwind half of the rotor and a second disk for the downwind half) and use conservation of momentum pri...

1983-01-01

54

One-photon two-electron processes in helium close to the double ionization threshold; Diexcitation electronique de l'helium par un photon au voisinage du seuil de double ionisation

Double streamtube codes model the curved blade (Darrieus-type) vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) as a double actuator fish arrangement (one half) and use conservation of momentum principles to determine the forces acting on the turbine blades and the turbine performance. Sandia National Laboratories developed a double multiple streamtube model for the VAWT which incorporates the effects of the incident wind boundary layer, nonuniform velocity between the upwind and downwind sections of the rotor, dynamic stall effects and local blade Reynolds number variations. The theory underlying this VAWT model is described, as well as the code capabilities. Code results are compared with experimental data from two VAWT's and with the results from another double multiple streamtube and a vortex filament code. The effects of neglecting dynamic stall and horizontal wind velocity distribution are also illustrated.

1983-01-01

55

Improved double-multiple streamtube model for the Darrieus-type vertical-axis wind turbine

This work presents a study of the {sup 1}P{sup 0} excited states of He that can be reached by absorption of a single photon carrying an energy close to the double ionization threshold (DIT) (79 eV). Above the DIT, these states are the double continuum states; below, they are the double excited states. These two types of states are tightly coupled to the single continuum states with or without excitation of the residual ion He{sup +}, owing to their degeneracy in energy. In a one-photon process, these states can only be formed owing to the electronic correlations in the system which must be well described to obtain quantitative good results. Our study is a part of the work which aims at a united description of all these doubly excited, ionized-excited, and double continuum states. We use the Hyperspherical R-Matrix with Semiclassical Outgoing Waves (HRM-SOW) method, initially dedicated to ...

2007-04-15

56

Crystal electric field excitations in the cerium compound CeRh{sub 3}B{sub 2} studied by inelastic neutron scattering

Double streamtube codes model the curved blade (Darrieus-type) vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) as a double actuator-disk arrangement (one disk for the upwind half of the rotor and a second disk for the downwind half) and use conservation of momentum principles to determine the forces acting on the turbine blades and the turbine performance. These models differentiate between the upwind and downwind sections of the rotor and are capable of determining blade loading more accurately than the widely-used single-actuator-disk streamtube models. Additional accuracy may be obtained by representing the turbine as a collection of several streamtubes, each of which is modeled as a double actuator disk. This is referred to as the double-multiple-streamtube model. Sandia National Laboratories has developed a double-multiple streamtube model for the VAWT which incorporates the effects of the ...

1983-01-01

57

Crystal electric field excitations in the cerium compound CeRh_3B_2 studied by inelastic neutron scattering

We have performed inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments on CeRh{sub 3}B{sub 2} at various temperatures to obtain direct information on the crystal electric field (CEF) in this compound, which exhibits some very peculiar magnetic properties for a Ce system: it is ferromagnetic with an unusually high Curie temperature (115 K), which contrasts with a strongly reduced and anisotropic magnetization (0.4 {mu}{sub B}/fu within the c-plane of the hexagonal structure). Measurements with high incident energies show only one well defined magnetic excitation around 150 meV, its exact position varying with the temperature. These results, combined with our previous data of magnetization and magnetic form factor, have permitted us to determine the CEF energy level scheme taking into account the two J multiplets of the Ce{sup 3+} ion. Information on the ground state (quasielastic contribution and ground state moment) has also been obtained by experiments at low incident ...

2007-12-19

58

Dephasing of two electron states in a double quantum-dot system irradiated by a microwave field with a nearby Quantum Point Contact

We have performed inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments on CeRh_3B_2 at various temperatures to obtain direct information on the crystal electric field (CEF) in this compound, which exhibits some very peculiar magnetic properties for a Ce system: it is ferromagnetic with an unusually high Curie temperature (115 K), which contrasts with a strongly reduced and anisotropic magnetization (0.4 #mu#_B/fu within the c-plane of the hexagonal structure). Measurements with high incident energies show only one well defined magnetic excitation around 150 meV, its exact position varying with the temperature. These results, combined with our previous data of magnetization and magnetic form factor, have permitted us to determine the CEF energy level scheme taking into account the two J multiplets of the Ce"3"+ ion. Information on the ground state (quasielastic contribution and ground state moment) has also been obtained by experiments at low incident energies in the ...

2007-12-19

59

Buoyancy effects in double-diffusive and mixed convection flows

In this work we study the dephasing mechanism of a double quantum-dot system, which includes two electrons and a nearby quantum point contact (QPC) as a measurement device. We obtain that the QPC-induced decoherence is on time scales of microseconds. We also find that the electrons will be delocalized after continuous measurement, irrespectively of the initial conditions, and the frequent repeated measurements will localize the system, which is consistent with the quantum Zeno effect. Further, we consider the situation that the double quantum-dot system is irradiated by a microwave field.

2008-01-01

60

Acoustic metamaterial exhibiting four different sign combinations of density and modulus

When induced by bottom heating in a horizontal fluid layer which is characterized by forced motion or solute stratification, buoyancy-driven flows may assume a variety of forms. The flows, which are examples of mixed or double-diffusive convection, can strongly influence heat tranfer or the entrainment of stratified fluid. General aspects of each form of convection are reviewed, and emphasis is placed on mixed convection in a horizontal rectangular channel and on double-diffusive convection due to thermally driven mixed-layer development in a solutally stratified fluids. Flow conditions are described, and experimental and theoretical results are presented for related heat-transfer and entrainment parameters.

1986-01-01

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61

A new technique for production of yellow cake with double precipitation

We fabricated a double negative acoustic metamaterial which consisted of Helmholtz resonators and membranes. Experimental data on the transmission and dispersion relation are presented. The system exhibits three frequencies where the acoustic state makes sharp transitions from density negative ({\\rho} -NG) to double negative (DNG), modulus negative (B-NG), and double positive (DPS) in sequence with the frequency. We observed a wide range of negative refractive index from -0.06 to -3.7 relative to air, which will allow for new acoustic transformation techniques.

2011-01-01

62

The author presents a new technique for production of yellow cake with double precipitation, thus solving a series of problems for precipitating uranium with traditional double precipitation. The new technique can not only remove ferric ions and sulfate radicals but also make solid-liquid separation easy, utilize effectively the sulfuric acid produced in ferric ions precipitation process, and increase uranium concentration of leaching liquor. To take it as producing yellow cake will save investment, simplify operation, and cut down the consumption of raw materials and energies. It is more competitive than ion-exchange or solvent extraction in the process of extracting-purifying and preparing yellow cake.

1997-01-01

63

Vitamins and sport.

Treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with inserting biliary double stents

In a double blind test on 40 men and women high performance fencers the influence of a multivitamin-electrolyte-preparation on reaction time, hit-frequency and neuromuscular irritability was determined....Full Text Available

1978-06-01

64

The vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) mutation suppresses an HR-like cell death induced by the double knockout mutant of vacuolar Ca2+-ATPases in Arabidopsis

Objective: To investigate the inserting technique of biliary double stents in treating hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: 6 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Bismuth IV) were treated by percutaneous transhepatic insertion of biliary stents. Double stents were inserted in each patient. Different inserting methods were adopted according to the branch angles formed by left and right hepatic ducts. Results: The jaundice of all patients alleviated or disappeared obviously after stent implantation. The average difference between post-and pre-operation in the serum total bilirubin level was (104 #+-# 29) #mu#mol/L (P<0.01). Stent obstruction was found in 2 cases after 4 and 6 months respectively. Conclusion: Double stents implantation is effective for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Beware of the angulation between main hepatic duct and adopting different inserting methods. (authors)

2004-10-01

65

The Howard Hughes Medical Institute cassette for storage phosphor plates

Full Text Available

2011-06-01

66

Smokeless Propellants as Vehicle Borne IED Main Charges ...

New cassettes for 201 mm{times}252 mm (8{double_prime}{times}10{double_prime}) and 201 mm{times}400 mm (8{double_prime}{times}15.75{double_prime}) storage phosphor plates have been developed at the Synchrotron Resource of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The purpose for this work was mainly twofold. Firstly, to diminish the number of manual operations when putting the storage phosphor plate into the cassette or when extracting it from the cassette. Secondly, to render such a cassette much lighter than the former metal cassette previously in use. These two goals were achieved by making new cassettes that are operated as one piece instead of two or three independent parts as with the former systems. The cassettes have been extensively tested and found to be very useful.

1994-03-01

67

Optimization of Hydrogen Consumption in Hydrogen Masers

... detonation velocity of single base and double base propellants is investigated using two types ofignititor; an exploding bridgewire detonator with C4 ...

2011-05-14

68

Metallointercalators and Metalloinsertors

... Hydro- gen gas is fed through a temperature- controlled Pd-Ag leak 161 into a cylindrical double-walled Pyrex bulb, 15 cm long and 1.9 cm in ...

1990-08-06

69

Gene repression by minimal lac loops in vivo

Since the elucidation of the structure of double helical DNA, the construction of small molecules that recognize and react at specific DNA sites has been an area of considerable interest. In...Full Text Available

2007-11-28

70

Gamma rays and EMS induced double flower and dichotomous branching in Portulaca grandiflora Hook

The inflexibility of double-stranded DNA with respect to bending and twisting is well established in vitro. Understanding apparent DNA physical properties in vivo is...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

71

Efficient DSP Hardware Implementations for Navy RF Systems

(Oct 1982). India Lokeshwar Reddy, M. Bhalla, JK Osmania Univ., Hyderabad

1982-01-01

72

Double decoupling and pseudo-spin alignment

... of the loop filter based on ... algorithms, including delta-sigma approaches, routinely uses double-precision floating point number representations for ...

2010-09-30

73

Double decoupling and pseudo-spin alignment

Doubly decoupled structures in doubly odd deformed nuclei are reexamined and shown to be composed of a pseudo-spin aligned neutron and a decoupled proton. (orig.).

1992-04-16

74

Discrete Element Method for Modeling Penetration

Doubly decoupled structures in doubly odd deformed nuclei are reexamined and shown to be composed of a pseudo-spin aligned neutron and a decoupled proton. (orig.).

75

A Nearby Old Halo White Dwarf Candidate from the Sloan ...

... In fact, for dynamic loading, the ultimate compressive strength can be more than doubled (Bischoff and Perry 1991), whereas the ultimate uniaxial ...

2006-07-01

76

Tracheal laceration during intubation of a double-lumen tube and intraoperative fiberoptic bronchoscopic evaluation through an LMA in the lateral position -A case report-

... than the age of the universe unless it is an unresolved double degenerate or a product of common-envelope binary star evolution (Fontaine et al. ...

2008-07-01

77

Structure of an accelerator island with one step on double period of conserving area mapping

A 76-year-old, 148-cm woman was scheduled for right upper lobectomy. A 32 Fr left-sided double lumen tube was placed using a conventional technique. Despite several attempts under fiberoptic bronchoscope-guidance,...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

78

Structural intermediates in the assembly of taxoid-induced microtubules and GDP-tubulin double rings: time-resolved X-ray scattering.

The structure of the P-2, S-1 accelerator mode with one step, S-1, on double period, P-2 for systems, described by the Harper mapping as well as by standard mapping, is analyzed. Detailed analysis of stability criteria is given and comparison with the results of numerical analysis is performed. Three-period compression of the P-2, S-1 island is revealed in the standard mapping. Refs. 7, figs. 7.

79

Permutation Complexity Related to the Letter Doubling Map

We have studied the self-association reactions of purified GDP-liganded tubulin into double rings and taxoid-induced microtubules, employing synchrotron time-resolved x-ray solution scattering. The...Full Text Available

1996-05-01

80

New Reactor Neutrino Experiments besides Double-CHOOZ

Given a countable set X (usually taken to be the natural numbers or integers), an infinite permutation, \\pi, of X is a linear ordering of X. This paper investigates the combinatorial complexity of infinite permutations on the natural numbers associated with the image of uniformly recurrent aperiodic binary words under the letter doubling map. An upper bound for the complexity is found for general words, and a formula for the complexity is established for the Sturmian words and the Thue-Morse word.

2011-01-01

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81

Elimination of L-A double-stranded RNA virus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by expression of gag and gag-pol from an L-A cDNA clone.

Several new reactor neutrino experiments are being considered to measure the parameter theta-13. The current plans for Angra, Braidwood, Daya Bay, KASKA and KR2DET are reviewed. A case is made that, together with Double-CHOOZ, a future world program should include at least three such experiments.

2005-01-01

82

ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF A SODIUM/LIMESTONE DOUBLE-ALKALI FGD (FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION) PROCESS

We report that expression of a nearly full-length cDNA clone of the L-A double-stranded RNA virus causes virus loss in a wild-type strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that in this system exclusion...Full Text Available

1993-05-01

83

Double-electron-capture cross section for I/sup +/ in a magnesium-vapor target

The report gives results of a comparison of results from a recent forced-oxidation limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process evaluation and those from a conceptual design and economic evaluation of a sodium/limestone double-alkali FGD process, based on recent EPA-sponsored...

84

Developments and tests of double-sided silicon strip detectors and read-out electronics for the Internal Tracking System of ALICE at LHC

Measurements of the double-electron-capture process in which a positive ion of iodine becomes a negative ion in a single collision with a magnesium atom are reported between 20 and 90 keV. The cross section is comparable to that for the rare gases and not as large as might be expected from a two-valence-electron atom. This process is probably insignificant in the production of negative ion beams using a magnesium-vapor target.

1987-06-15

85

Transpositions and malpositions of the great arteries

The internal-tracking-system (ITS) of the ALICE detector at LHC, consists of six concentrical barrels of silicon detectors. The outmost two layers are made of double-sided strip detectors (SSD). In the framework of a R and D, the characteristics and performances of these devices, manufactured by two different companies, associated with their designed read-out electronics, have been studied off- and in-beam at the SPS (CERN). The results are presented and discussed.

1999-01-01

86

Wound ballistics of gunshot injuries to the head and neck.

The transposition of the great arteries afters to an abnormal connection and relation of the great arteries in which the aorta arises from the morphologic right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the morphologic left ventricle, while the malposition of the great arteries indicates an abnormal relationship between the great arteries in which the great arteries are not transposed across the ventricular septum but they are malposed, as is seen in double outlet right ventricle, double outlet left ventricle and single ventricles. Transpositions and malpositions of the great arteries are understood as a spectrum of malformation caused by abnormal conal development and can be included in the common category of 'conotruncal malpositions'. Authors analized 32 cases of transpositions and malpositions of the great arteries in which cineangiocardiographies were done at the Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital in recent 17 ...

1980-12-01

87

Why the sunspot cycle is double peaked

It is important for the trauma surgeon to understand the basic principles of terminal gunshot ballistics and the study of the projectile's effect on striking soft tissue. The amount of kinetic energy dissipated to the tissue is directly related to the mass and velocity of the projectile as follows: K = MV2/2. Doubling the velocity quadruples the energy, while doubling the mass only doubles the energy. A temporary tissue cavity is produced as the striking projectile compresses the surrounding tissue; the higher the energy release, the more extensive the inapparent compressive damage. The permanent cavity that remains is the result of extrusion of tissue from the pathway of the projectile. The higher the velocity, the higher the likelihood of extensive damage. If the missile expands or fragments within the tissues, more damage will occur. PMID:6847483

1983-05-01

88

Pion dominance in R-parity violating supersymmetry induced neutrinoless double beta decay

Many sunspot cycles are double peaked. In 1967 Gnevyshev suggested that actually all cycles have two peaks generated by different physical mechanisms, but sometimes the gap between them is too short for the maxima to be distinguished in indices of the total sunspot activity. Here we show that indeed all cycles have two peaks easily identified in sunspot activity in different latitudinal bands. We study the double peaks in the last 12 sunspot cycles and show that they are manifestation of the two surges of toroidal field - the one generated from the poloidal field advected all the way on the surface to the poles, down to the tachocline and equatorward to sunspot latitudes, and another one generated from the poloidal field diffused at midlatitudes from the surface to the tachocline and transformed there into toroidal field. The existence of these two surges of toroidal field is due to the relative magnitudes of the speed of the large-scale solar ...

2011-01-01

89

Double plasma mirror for ultrahigh temporal contrast ultra-intense laser pulses

At the quark level there are basically two types of contributions of R-parity violating supersymmetry (Rep SUSY) to neutrinoless double beta decay: the short-range contribution involving only heavy virtual superpartners and the long-range one with the virtual squark and neutrino. Hadronization of the effective operators, corresponding to these two types of contributions, may in general involve virtual pions in addition to close on-mass-shell nucleons. From the previous studies it is known that the short-range contribution is dominated by the pion exchange. In the present paper we show that this is also true for the long-range Rep SUSY contribution. Therefore, we conclude that the Rep SUSY contributes to the neutrinoless double beta decay dominantly via charged pion exchange between the decaying nucleons.

2008-06-01

90

Double peak effect in microdosimetric proportional counters and its interpretation

We present and characterize a very efficient optical device that employs the plasma mirror technique to increase the contrast of high-power laser systems. Contrast improvements higher than 104 with 50% transmission are shown to be routinely achieved on a typical 10 TW laser system when the pulse is reflected on two consecutive plasma mirrors. Used at the end of the laser system, this double plasma mirror preserves the spatial profile of the initial beam, is unaffected by shot-to-shot fluctuations, and is suitable for most high peak power laser systems. We use the generation of high-order harmonics as an effective test for the contrast improvement produced by the double plasma mirrors. (authors)

91

Development of mini-LIA and primary experiments

In calibration measurements with low energy X-rays, a double peak effect appears in low pressure proportional counters with a helix, when used for simulation of tissue equivalent diameters considerably larger than 2 m. An interpretation of this phenomenon is discussed, based upon electron capture and electric field perturbation at the counter helix. A description of the physical processes is presented showing that the double peak effect is a problem in the case of helix counters (called also Rossi counters) for all simulated diameters. Conclusions are drawn on systematic errors introduced by the counter helix into microdosimetric spectra and anti y/sub D/ of photons and neutrons. The authors recommend to use cylindrical counters with optimized geometrical and electronic parameters rather than the spherical counters with a helix discussed.

1989-01-01

92

Collisions between H"+ and H_2 at kilo-electron-volt energies: Absolute differential cross sections for small-angle direct, single-, and double-charge-transfer scattering

Mini-LIA is a miniature of a linear induction accelerator developed by China Academy of Engineering Physics and Tsinghua University in 2007. It has been constructed with a thermionic cathode in an electron injector and a metglas core in the induction accelerator cavities. A double-pulsed electron beam was produced for the first time in China on the Mini-LIA with a thermionic cathode in the electron gun and a metglas core in the induction accelerator cavities. A double-pulsed beam current of more than 1.1A was obtained on condition of 80 kV double-pulsed high voltage produced by pulsed power system supplying to the injector and accelerating modules. Some primary experiments for measuring the parameters of Mini-LIA has been performed, and some beam characterizations of Mini-LIA are presented. Further improvement is underway. (authors)

2009-09-01

93

Vibrational dynamics of hydrogen and deuterium in crystalline Pd_9Si_2

Measurements of absolute differential cross sections for H"+-H_2 direct, single-, and double-charge-transfer scattering at 0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 keV are reported at laboratory scattering angles less than 1 degree with an angular resolution of approximately 0.02 degree. The cross sections exhibit deep interference oscillations in single-charge-transfer scattering, but no such oscillations are present in direct and double-charge-transfer scattering. Theoretical cross sections derived using the diatoms-in-molecules method to describe the molecular states in a semiclassical molecular-orbital three-state close-coupling model within a semiclassical framework agree satisfactorily with the experimental results.

94

Neutron observables from inclusive lepton scattering on nuclei

Crystalline Pd_9Si_2 possesses an orthorhombic structure (Pnma) that is characterized by augmented triangular prismatic coordination of the silicon atoms such as that which occurs in several metal-rich transition-metal silicides. Recent neutron diffraction results for deuterium solution in this crystalline phase have indicated that deuterium occupies only one type of interstice, i.e., a Pd-defined pyramidal site in a four-fold position situated on a quadrilateral face of an empty triangular prism. The vibrational dynamics of both H and D located at this site were investigated by neutron vibrational spectroscopy. The low-temperature density of states (DOS) of H in Pd_9Si_2H_0_._2_5 indicates three well-defined optic vibrations located at 49.4, 67.2 and 75.5 meV. The lowest-energy feature is assigned to the normal-mode vibration perpendicular to the pyramidal base and the two higher-energy features are assigned to the two orthogonal normal-mode vibrations parallel to this base. The ...

1996-08-25

95

Trial of early nifedipine in acute myocardial infarction: the Trent study.

We analyze new data from Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) for inclusive electron scattering on various targets. Computed and measured total inclusive cross sections in the range 0.3 < or approx. x < or approx. 0.95 show reasonable agreement on a logarithmic scale for all targets. However, closer inspection of the quasielastic components reveals serious discrepancies. European Muon Collaboration (EMC) ratios with conceivably smaller systematic errors fare the same. As a consequence, the new data do not enable the extraction of the magnetic form factor G{sub M}{sup n} and the structure function F{sub 2}{sup n} of the neutron, although the application of exactly the same analysis to older data had been successful. We incorporate in the above analysis older CLAS Collaboration data on F{sub 2}{sup 2H}. Removal of some scattered points from those makes it appear possible to obtain the desired neutron information. We compare our results with ...

2010-07-15

96

Treatment of atypical depression with cognitive therapy or phenelzine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Over 30 months 9292 consecutive patients admitted to nine coronary care units with suspected myocardial infarction were considered for admission to a randomised double blind study comparing the effect...Full Text Available

1986-11-08

97

Transient Hoogsteen Base Pairs in Canonical Duplex DNA

Background: Patients with a typical depression are more likely to respond to monoamine oxidase inhibitors than to tricyclic antidepressants. They are frequently offered psychotherapy...Full Text Available

1999-05-01

98

The role of Holliday junction resolvases in the repair of spontaneous and induced DNA damage

Sequence-directed variations in the canonical DNA double helix structure that retain Watson-Crick base-pairing play important roles in DNA recognition, topology, and nucleosome positioning....Full Text Available

2011-02-24

99

Structural acceptance criteria for the evaulation of existing double-shell waste storage tanks located at the Hanford site, Richland, Washington

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and other lesions occur frequently during cell growth and in meiosis. These are often repaired by homologous recombination (HR). HR may result in the formation of DNA...Full Text Available

2011-09-01

100

Short-term tolerability of once-daily timolol hemihydrate 0.5%, timolol maleate in sorbate 0.5%, and generic timolol maleate gel-forming solution 0.5% in glaucoma and/or ocular hypertension: a prospective, randomized, double-masked, active-controlled, three-period crossover pilot study.

The structural acceptance criteria contained herein for the evaluation of existing underground double-shell waste storage tanks located at the Hanford Site is part of the Life Management/Aging Management Program of the Tank Waste Remediation System. The purpose of the overall life management program is to ensure that confinement of the waste is maintained over the required service life of the tanks. Characterization of the present condition of the tanks, understanding and characterization of potential degradation mechanisms, and development of tank structural acceptance criteria based on previous service and projected use are prerequisites to assessing tank integrity, to projecting the length of tank service, and to developing and applying prudent fixes or repairs. The criteria provided herein summarize the requirements for the analysis and structural qualification of the existing double-shell tanks for continued operation. Code reconciliation ...

1995-09-01

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101

Selecting Folded Proteins from a Library of Secondary Structural Elements

PMID:19922877

2009-10-01

102

Roxithromycin compared with erythromycin against genitourinary chlamydial infections.

A protein evolution strategy is described by which double-stranded DNA fragments encoding defined E. coli protein secondary structural elements (α-helices, β-strands...Full Text Available

2008-01-09

103

Reduction in blood pressure with a low sodium, high potassium, high magnesium salt in older subjects with mild to moderate hypertension.

The efficacy and safety of roxithromycin 300 mg once a day was compared with that of erythromycin 500 mg twice a day, both for seven days, in a double blind study of 281 patients (188 men, 93 women)...Full Text Available

1989-01-01

104

Reciprocal Silencing, Transcriptional Bias and Functional Divergence of Homeologs in Polyploid Cotton (Gossypium)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the effect of a reduced sodium and increased potassium and magnesium intake on blood pressure. DESIGN--Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. SETTING--General population...Full Text Available

1994-08-13

105

Quantification of physical and biological uncertainty in the simulation of the yield of a tropical crop using present-day and doubled CO₂ climates

Polyploidy is an important force in the evolution of flowering plants. Genomic merger and doubling induce an extensive array of genomic effects, including immediate and long-term alterations in the...Full Text Available

2009-06-01

106

Orgasm is preserved regardless of ejaculatory dysfunction with selective ?1A-blocker administration

The impacts of climate change on crop productivity are often assessed using simulations from a numerical climate model as an input to a crop simulation model. The precision of these predictions reflects...Full Text Available

2005-11-29

107

On the violation of the Jacobi identity in the algebra of fermionic currents

We evaluated whether ejaculatory dysfunction induced with a selective α1A-blocker influenced orgasm. Fifteen healthy male volunteers took silodosin or a placebo in a randomized, double-blind...Full Text Available

2009-09-01

108

Mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced human ovarian aging: double strand DNA breaks and microvascular compromise

This paper reconsiders the problem of the violation of the Jacobi identity in the algebra of currents. Such a violation has recently been claimed to occur also in the case of free fermionic current. The authors consider a regularization prescription for the corresponding double commuters consistent with the Jacobi identity.

1990-06-10

109

MOCVD-grown Al /SUB 0. 5/ In /SUB 0. 5/ P-Ga /SUB 0. 5/ In /SUB 0. 5/ P double heterostructure lasers optically pumped at 90 K

The mechanism of chemotherapy-induced acceleration of ovarian aging is not fully understood. We used doxorubicin, a widely used cancer chemotherapeutic, in a variety of in vivo xenograft,...Full Text Available

110

Introduction to Electrical Interfacial Phenomena

Undoped Al /SUB 0.5/ In /SUB 0.5/ P-Ga /SUB 0.5/ In /SUB 0.5/ P double heterostructure was grown on (100) GaAs by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition for the first time. A mirror-like grown surface was obtained. Over ten-times stronger photoluminescence-intensity was gained from the sandwiched Ga /SUB 0.5/ In /SUB 0.5/ P-layer, than that from a single epitaxially-grown Ga /SUB 0.5/ In /SUB 0.5/ P-layer on (100) GaAs, indicating that high-quality Al /SUB 0.5/ In /SUB 0.5/ P-Ga /SUB 0.5/ In /SUB 0.5/ P heterointerfaces are formed in the double heterostructure. A lasing action by optical pumping with an argon ion laser was observed in the double heterostructure at 90 K. The observed stimulated emission wavelength was 6470 A.

1982-12-01

111

In situ screw fixation of slipped capital femoral epiphysis with a novel approach: a double-cohort controlled study

Offers comprehensive coverage of the field of electrical double layer (EDL) research. This work discusses theoretical models used with EDL and demonstrates how they can be applied to typically encountered real-world problems including those that must be considered in modern industrial applications.

2010-01-01

112

Impact of repeated four-monthly anthelmintic treatment on Plasmodium infection in preschool children: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial

PurposeIn situ fixation for mild to moderate slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) remains an acceptable treatment methodology in most centers. Satisfactory fixation results have...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

113

Imaging Findings of Localized Lymphoid Hyperplasia of the Pancreas: a Case Report

BackgroundHelminth infections can alter susceptibility to malaria. Studies need to determine whether or not deworming programs can impact on Plasmodium infections...Full Text Available

114

Identification of the Response Parameters of a Geothermal Field During a Non-Isothermal Short Time Water Injection Test.

We report here on a case of localized lymphoid hyperplasia of the pancreas in a 70-year-old man which manifested as double lesions (uncinate process and tail) in the organ. The lesions were incidentally...Full Text Available

2011-07-01

115

Identification and characterization of plasmids from the western aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism.

Various methods to analyse the effect of a non-isotherme water injection on the pressure evolution during a test on a double geothermal well are investigated. Then, several types of injection test are simulated with experimental data to examine the condit...

1983-01-01

116

Genomic but Not Antigenomic Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Is Preferentially Exported from the Nucleus Immediately after Synthesis and Processing

Supercoiled double-stranded DNA molecules (plasmids) were isolated from plants infected with three laboratory strains of western aster yellows mycoplasma-like organism (AY-MLO) by using cesium chloride-ethidium...Full Text Available

1990-03-01

117

Ferroelectric and magnetic properties of Ho{sub 2}CuTiO{sub 6} double perovskite

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) contains a viroid-like circular RNA that replicates via a double rolling circle replication mechanism. It is generally assumed that HDV RNA is synthesized and remains exclusively...Full Text Available

2002-04-01

118

Efficacy and safety of livwin (polyherbal formulation) in patients with acute viral hepatitis: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

Ho{sub 2}CuTiO{sub 6} double pervoskite is synthesized by solid state reaction method and the phase formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Ho{sub 2}CuTiO{sub 6} crystallizes in space group P63 cm and are isostructural in AMnO{sub 3} structure. We have investigated the effect of the presence of a magnetic ion (Ho{sup 3+}{approx}10.4{mu}{sub B}) in Ho{sub 2}CuTiO{sub 6}, on the magnetic properties, compared to that of an isostructural double perovskite containing Y-ion (non-magnetic), i.e., Y{sub 2}CuTiO{sub 6}. Magnetization measurements on Ho{sub 2}CuTiO{sub 6} showed paramagnetic moment of 0.026{mu}{sub B}/Ho at room temperature in an applied field of 7 T although no saturation is observed at room temperature, whereas, at 5 K, the paramagnetic moment was 0.3{mu}{sub B}/Ho in the same field. Since this compound is non-centrosymmetric, it is of interest to look into the possibility of realizing multiferroicity (coexistence of magnetic and ...

2006-08-15

119

Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a physiotherapy program for chronic rotator cuff pathology: A protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Objectives:The study was planned to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Livwin (polyherbal formulation) in acute viral hepatitis.Materials...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

120

Double-Valve Libman-Sacks Endocarditis Causing Ventricular Fibrillation Cardiac Arrest

BackgroundChronic rotator cuff pathology (CRCP) is a common shoulder condition causing pain and disability. Physiotherapy is often the first line of management for CRCP yet there...Full Text Available

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121

Diverging trends in incidence and mortality of testicular cancer in Denmark, 1943-1982.

Libman-Sacks endocarditis is a well-known and rather common cardiac manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography are the definitive imaging methods...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

122

Diabetes: An Investor's Perspective

Between 1943 and 1982, 5,140 new cases of testicular cancer were diagnosed in Denmark. The age-standardized incidence rate more than doubled in the period. Striking variations is seen in the age-relationship...Full Text Available

1986-04-01

123

Design and Construction of a Versatile Dual Volume Heteronuclear Double Resonance Microcoil NMR Probe

Total health care expenditure in 2006 was $2.1 trillion. This figure is estimated to double within the next few years as the cost of treating diabetes and other chronic conditions continues to rise....Full Text Available

124

Comparison of injection techniques for shoulder pain: results of a double blind, randomised study.

Improved NMR detection of mass limited samples can be obtained by taking advantage of the mass sensitivity of microcoil NMR, while throughput issues can be addressed using multiple, parallel...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

125

Comparable Results Between Lateralized Single- and Double-bundle ACL Reconstructions

Seventy seven patients with soft tissue shoulder lesions including adhesive capsulitis and disorders of the rotator cuff and acromioclavicular joint were admitted to a trial comparing two different...Full Text Available

1983-11-05

126

Chemoprevention of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer With Celecoxib: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Patellar tendon autografts are not suitable for multibundle ACL reconstruction, a procedure that reportedly enhances postoperative knee stability. Biomechanical studies recommend lateral placement of...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

127

Analysis of illegitimate genomic integration mediated by zinc-finger nucleases: implications for specificity of targeted gene correction

BackgroundPreclinical studies indicate that the enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 plays an important role in ultraviolet-induced skin cancers. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of celecoxib,...Full Text Available

2010-12-15

128

A rapid and efficient method for region- and strand-specific mutagenesis of cloned DNA.

BackgroundFormation of site specific genomic double strand breaks (DSBs), induced by the expression of a pair of engineered zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), dramatically increases the...Full Text Available

129

A randomized controlled trial investigation of a non-stimulant in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ACTION): Rationale and design

The single-stranded viral DNA of an M13 phage recombinant containing the early promoter region of SV40 was hybridized with linear, double-stranded replicative form DNA of a related M13 phage containing...Full Text Available

1982-01-01

130

A double antibody solid phase assay for DNA autoantibodies for clinical use.

BackgroundThe ACTION study (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Controlled Trial Investigation Of a Non-stimulant) is a multi-center, double-blind, randomized...Full Text Available

131

A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Crossover Study of the Acute Metabolic Effects of Olanzapine in Healthy Volunteers

DNA antoantibodies in serum will bind to antigen-coated polystyrene tubes and can be detected by radiolabelled anti-immunoglobulin. The method is quantitative, gives information on the antibody class...Full Text Available

1976-08-01

132

Background and RationaleAtypical antipsychotics exhibit metabolic side effects including diabetes mellitus and obesity. The adverse events are preceded by acute worsening of oral...Full Text Available

133

?H2AX and cancer

Unitizations of double-ring structure and Erbium-doped waveguide amplifier for stable and tunable fiber laser

Histone H2AX phosphorylation on a serine four residues from the carboxyl terminus (producing γH2AX) is a sensitive marker for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs may lead to cancer...Full Text Available

2008-12-01

134

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We propose and demonstrate experimentally a singlelongitudinal-mode (SLM) fiber double-ring laser using an Erbium-doped waveguide amplifier (EDWA), polarization controller (PC), and a fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter (FFP-TF) into the ring cavity. In addition, the output power, side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR), and the stabilities of power and wavelength of the laser also are investigated. (Copyright 2007 by Astro Ltd., Published exclusively by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)

2007-01-01

135

The double crystal technique - its application to resconstructed InSb (001) and Xe layers

State analysis of sulfur in coal and coal fly ash by double-crystal X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

The early work of Stern has been reviewed briefly along with some of our experiments carried out later with similar geometrical arrangements in order to highlight his successes at the time and the future developments of his findings and predictions. The double crystal technique, developed by Stern has been used for energy analysis of He beams and results are shown for scattering from a rough reconstructed (001) InSb surface and Xe adsorbed layers. Surface phonons were not observed in the case of InSb probably as a result of the rough surface. (orig.).

1988-01-01

136

Spatial structure of compound dither in L/H transition

Double-crystal high-resolution x-ray fluorescence spectrometry was applied to the state analysis of sulfur in coal and related fly ash. For total sulfur, a proportional relationship exists between fluorescence intensities and the analytical values obtained by the oxygen-combustion method. Two oxidation states of sulfur were identified by a least square curve fitting method, by assuming that the spectrum profile is identical for each sulfur state but the intensity and position are different. The chemical state of sulfur in coal and remaining in fly ash is discussed.

1983-01-01

137

Orbit of the double-mode cepheid Y Carinae

To study the plasma evolution and spatial structure at the L/H transition, the double hysteresis is examined by use of the 1-dimensional transport model equations. Three mechanisms for the bipolar losses, i.e., the loss cone loss, collisional bulk viscosity loss of ions and the anomalous loss are simultaneously retained. Five-fold multiple bifurcations are found to exist at the plasma edge, similar to the previous 0-dimensional study. Double hysteresis causes a self-generated oscillation, which is attributed to the compound dither, a kind of ELMs. Spatio-temporal evolution of the compound dither is analyzed. (author)

2000-03-01

138

Observation of stochastic resonance near a subcritical bifurcation

The double-mode cepheid Y Car has been found to have a variable centre-of-mass velocity. Though the observations did not cover a cycle, an orbital period of about 400-600 days was estimated. Radial-velocity observations of this star have now been continued in order to derive the orbital elements. Observations were made with the photoelectric radial-velocity spectrophotometer at the coude focus of the 1.88-m reflector at Sutherland. The velocity system was standardized by frequent nightly observations of stars in the Mount Wilson catalogue with 'a'-quality radial velocities.

1983-06-01

139

Mechanical variations of diffused plasma parameters in a double plasma device

A hysteretic subcritical period-doubling bifurcation is observed in the nonlinear strain dynamics of a magnetostrictive oscillator. The dynamic strain response of the magnetostrictive oscillator was observed with a high-resolution fiber optic interferometer. The effects of low-frequency modulation and band-limited stochastic fluctuations on such a bifurcation are investigated. Power spectral density measurements show that for an optimal value of externally injected noise the signal-to-noise ratio of a low-frequency modulation signal is enhanced by greater than 14 dB, thus indicating the first experimental observation of stochastic resonance near a bistable period-doubling bifurcation. 10 refs., 7 figs.

1993-01-01

140

LUCIFER, a potentially background-free approach to the search for neutrinoless double beta decay

Experimentally it is shown that a movable grounded metallic plate placed inside a multi-dipole magnetic cage can vary the diffused plasma parameters such as density, plasma potential and electron temperature. Plasma is solely produced in the source section of a double plasma device by a dc hot filament discharge and a low-density plasma is produced in the target section by local ionization of neutral gas by the high energetic electrons coming from the source section. A grounded movable stainless steel plate is inserted in the target section of the device. The floating potential of the plate also changes depending on the position of the plate inside the magnetic cage.

2007-06-21

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141

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

LUCIFER (Low-background Underground Cryogenic Installation For Elusive Rates) is a new project for the study of neutrinoless Double Beta Decay, based on the technology of scintillating bolometers. These devices promise a very efficient rejection of the alpha background, opening the way to a virtual background-free experiment if candidates with a transition energy higher than 2615 keV are investigated. The baseline candidate for LUCIFER is 82Se. This isotope will be embedded in ZnSe crystals grown with enriched selenium and operated as scintillating bolometers in a low-radioactivity underground dilution refrigerator. In this paper, the LUCIFER concept will be introduced. The sensitivity and the very promising prospects related to this project will be discussed.

2011-01-01

142

High-optical-quality GaInP and GaInP/AlInP double heterostructure lasers grown on GaAs substrates by gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy

Continuous wave operation (77 K) of yellow (583. 6 nm) emitting AlGaInP double heterostructure laser diodes

By gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy, we obtained a device-quality GaInP epitaxial layer lattice matched to (100)-GaAs substrates, with a photoluminescence efficiency comparable to that of a crystal grown by liquid-phase epitaxy. A GaInP/AlInP double heterostructure laser with a GaInP active layer was fabricated, and pulsed lasing operation was achieved at room temperature for, we believe, the first time.

1989-11-01

143

A Virtual Young's Double Slit Experiment for Hard X-ray Photons

Continuous wave lasing operation with the shortest wavelength for semiconductor lasers was obtained from AlGaInP double heterostructure lasers at 77 K. The structure was grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Lasing wavelength was 583.6 nm (yellow). Threshold current was 43 mA (1.9 kA/cm/sup 2/). Magnesium was adopted as a p-type dopant, and was proved to be preferable for a high aluminum composition AlGaInP cladding layer.

1986-03-03

144

Technical development of double-clad process for thin strip casting of carbon steel

We have implemented a virtual Young's double slit experiment for hard X-ray photons with micro-fabricated bi-prisms. We observe fringe patterns with a scintillator, and quantify interferograms by detecting X-ray fluorescence from a scanned 30nm Cr metal film. The observed intensities are best modeled with a near-field, Fresnel analysis. The maximum fringe number in the overlap region is proportional to the ratio of real to imaginary parts refractive index of the prism material. The horizontal and vertical transverse coherence lengths at beamline APS 8-ID are measured.

2009-01-01

145

Single-Electrode Capacitance and Charged State in Interfacial Region within Nano-Porous Carbon Electrode for Electric Double Layer Capacitor; Kasseitan denki 2jyuso kyapasita no tankyoku seiden yoryo to koeki kaimen chikuden jyotai

This report documents the technical development for a patent disclosure of a double-clad process for the continuous casting of thin-strip carbon steel. The fundamental idea of the disclosure is to form a product strip by depositing molten steel between two, cooled, clad strips of the same material. The claimed benefits include: (a) the conservation of energy in steel making through the elimination of soaking pits and reheat cycles, and (b) an improved surface on both sides of the as-cast product such that it will be suitable for direct feed to a cold-reduction mill. However, the process as conceived is not necessarily limited to the casting of carbon steel, but may be also applied to other metals and alloys. The work is described under three headings as follows. Preliminary Considerations and Scoping Analysis presents the basic idea of the double-clad, thin-strip casting process; the energy conservation potential; scoping heat transfer ...

1984-08-01

146

Measurements of single and double spin asymmetry in pp elastic scattering in the CNI region with a polarized atomic hydrogen gas jet target

The single-electrode capacitance of a nano-porous carbon electrode used as an electric double layer capacitor was measured. The charged state of the electrolyte ion was discussed from the results. Single-electrode capacitance was not proportional to the specific surface area of the electrode. This implies that the whole surface of the electrode is not effective for the formation of an electric double layer. It is considered that edge orientation of the carbon structure would give a dominant contribution to capacitance. For measurements with aqueous solutions of various electrolytes, capacitance was about the same value for each salt compound. For aqueous acid solution, on the other hand, capacitance was twice to three times as large as that for salt compounds. This difference, however, became negligibly small if the concentration of electrolyte solution was lowered. Taking account of the hydrated ionic radius of each ion, it was considered that ...

1997-07-10

147

IR double-resonance spectroscopy applied to the 4-aminophenol(H{sub 2}O){sub 1} cluster

Precise measurements of the single spin asymmetry AN, and the double spin asymmetry ANN, in proton-proton (pp) elastic scattering in the region of four-momentum transfer squared 0.0012 have been performed using a polarized atomic hydrogen gas jet target and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) polarized proton beam. We present measurements of AN and ANN at center-of-mass energies ?(s)=6.8 and 13.7 GeV. These spin-dependent observables are sensitive to the poorly known hadronic spin-dependent amplitudes. Comparing AN at different energies, a ?(s) dependence of the hadronic single spin-flip amplitude is suggested. A hadronic double spin-flip amplitude from the ANN data is consistent with zero within a 2-? level. We also present ??T, estimated from the measured ANN data. The results for ??T are consistent with zero. Our results provide significant constraints toward a comprehensive understanding of the reaction mechanism for pp elastic ...

2009-05-01

148

Effects of epidermal growth factor on bone formation and resorption in vivo

The IR double-resonance techniques IR/R2PI (infrared/resonant 2-photon ionization), IR/PIRI (infrared-photo-induced Rydberg ionization) and IR-photodissociation spectroscopy are valuable tools to investigate structure, vibrations, and dynamical processes of neutral and ionic hydrogen-bonded clusters containing aromatic molecules. In this paper we report on the application of the IR double-resonance techniques to determine the NH and OH stretching vibrations of 4-aminophenol and 4-aminophenol(H{sub 2}O){sub 1}, both in the neutral (S{sub 0}) and ionic (D{sub 0}) ground state. All vibrational frequencies obtained for 4-aminophenol and the cluster are compared with the values obtained from ab initio and DFT calculations. In the S{sub 0} state, a trans-linear arrangement of 4-aminophenol(H{sub 2}O){sub 1} is obtained containing an O-H. O hydrogen bond. In the D{sub 0} state an overlay of two spectra can be observed resulting from the trans-linear ...

2001-03-01

149

Construction and evaluation of a double mutant of Shigella flexneri as a candidate for oral vaccination against shigellosis.

The effects of mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF) on bone formation and resorption were examined in male mice. EGF administration (2-200 ng.g-1.day-1 ip for 7 days) induced a dose-dependent rise in plasma EGF levels that remained within physiological range. Histomorphometric analysis of caudal vertebrae showed that EGF (20 and 200 ng.g-1.day-1) reduced the endosteal matrix and mineral appositional rates after 5 days of treatment as measured by double (3H)proline labeling and double tetracycline labeling, respectively. This effect was transitory and was not observed after 7 days of EGF administration. EGF administered for 7 days induced a dose-dependent increase in the periosteal osteoblastic and tetracycline double-labeled surfaces. At high dosage (200 ng.g-1.day-1) EGF administration increased the osteoclastic surface and the number of acid phosphatase-stained osteoclasts, although plasma calcium remained normal. The ...

1990-02-01

150

A Bragg curve counter with an internal production target for the measurement of the double-differential cross-section of fragment production induced by neutrons at energies of tens of MeV

Based on studies on the genetic and molecular basis of Shigella flexneri invasive properties, we have constructed and evaluated a double mutant of S. flexneri serotype 5 for utilization as a live attenuated oral vaccine against shigellosis. The first mutation, icsA, blocks intracellular spread of bacteria as well as cell-to-cell infection. It affects the capacity of the invasive pathogen to form large abscesses in epithelia. The second mutation, iuc, eliminates production of the siderophore aerobactin thus impairing growth of the bacterium within tissues. This double mutant, SC5700 appeared safe when administered intragastrically to macaque monkeys as three doses (5 x 10(10) c.f.u. each) at weekly intervals. Protection against a challenge by the wild type isolate (M90T) was observed 4 weeks after the last vaccine inoculation. Duration of carriage was considerably reduced as compared to the control group in which all animals had developed severe ...

1989-10-01

151

626. 2-nm pulsed operation (300 K) of an AlGaInP double heterostructure laser grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

A Bragg curve counter equipped with an internal production target was developed for the measurements of double-differential cross-sections of fragment production induced by neutrons at energies of tens of MeV. The internal target permitted a large detection solid angle and thus the registration of processes at low production rates. In this specific geometry, the detection solid angle depends on the emission angle and the range of the particle. Therefore the energy, atomic number, and angle of trajectory of the particle have to be taken into account for the determination of the solid angle. For the selection of events with tracks confined within a defined cylindrical volume around the detector axis, a segmented anode was applied. The double-differential cross-sections for neutron-induced production of lithium, beryllium, and boron fragments from a carbon target were measured at 0 deg. for 65 MeV neutrons. The results are in good agreement with ...

2009-11-11

152

cw operation of an AlGaInP double heterostructure laser diode at 77 K grown by atmospheric metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

Room-temperature pulsed laser operation of (Al/sub 0.55/Ga/sub 0.45/)/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P /(Al/sub 0.17/Ga/sub 0.83/)/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P / (Al/sub 0.55/Ga/sub 0.45/)/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P double heterostructure laser diodes grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition has been achieved. The lasing wavelength is 626.2 nm, which is the shortest ever reported for an AlGaInP double heterostructure laser. Threshold current density is 50 kA/cm/sup 2/ for a diode with a 20-..mu..m-wide and 200-..mu..m-long stripe.

1985-01-01

153

Torsional responses of double-walled carbon nanotubes via molecular dynamics simulations

Continuous wave operation of an Al/sub 0.21/Ga/sub 0.31/In/sub 0.48/P /Ga/sub 0.52/In/sub 0.48/P /Al/sub 0.21/Ga/sub 0.31/In/sub 0.48/P double heterostructure (DH) laser diode was achieved for the first time at 77 K. The device was made from a DH wafer grown by atmospheric metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using triethyl metals and phosphine as source materials. At 77 K, the lasing wavelength was 0.653 ..mu..m and the threshold current was 55 mA for a diode with a nitride-insulated, 8-..mu..m-wide and 250-..mu..m-long stripe geometry.

1984-09-15

154

Thermo-transferred thermoluminescence (TTTl) in potassium-yttrium double fluoride doped with terbium

The buckling behaviors of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) under torsion are investigated by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The effect of length on the torsional buckling behaviors of DWCNTs is examined for the first time. The simulation results show that the DWCNTs experience gradual or simultaneous buckling deformations depending on their lengths. In addition, the effect of the inner tube in a DWCNT on its torsional buckling behavior is also examined. The presence of the inner tube triggers van der Waals (vdW) interactions between it and the outer tube and thus leads to a stiffening effect of the DWCNT against torsional deformation. Whether the ends of the inner tube are free or fixed and whether it is subject to a torque or not, the critical torque and the critical torsional angle of the outer tube are only marginally affected.

2008-11-12

155

The Onset of Double Diffusive Convection in a Couple Stress Fluid Saturated Anisotropic Porous Layer

This paper presents results of studying the thermo-transferred thermoluminescence (TTTl) phenomenon in potassium-yttrium double fluoride doped with terbium (K_2YF_5_:Tb) at different impurity concentrations (0.8%, 0.95% and 0.99%). Previously to study the TTTl phenomenon, structural characterization and chemical composition of the materials were determined. The structural studies were conducted using a scanning electron microscope; meanwhile, chemical composition was analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Thermoluminescence kinetics was studied irradiating the samples with "1"3"7Cs gamma rays as well as with "9"0Sr/"9"0Y beta rays, analyzing the glow curves by the deconvolution method for obtaining the kinetic parameters. (Author)

2011-02-01

156

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The double diffusive convection in a horizontal couple stress fluid saturated anisotropic porous layer, which is heated and salted from below, is studied analytically. The modified Darcy equation that includes the time derivative term is used to model the momentum equation. The critical Rayleigh number, wavenumber for stationary and oscillatory modes, and frequency of oscillations are obtained analytically using linear theory. The effect of anisotropy parameter, solute Rayleigh number, Lewis number, couple stress parameter, and Vadasz number on the stationary, oscillatory, and finite amplitude convection is shown graphically. It is found that the thermal anisotropy parameter, couple stress parameter, and solute Rayleigh number have stabilizing effect on the stationary, oscillatory, and fin...

2011-01-01

157

Sterically stabilized water based magnetic fluids: Synthesis, structure and properties

State analysis of sulfur in coal and coal fly ash by double-crystal X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Magnetic fluids (MFs), prepared by chemical co-precipitation followed by double layer steric and electrostatic (combined) stabilization of magnetite nanoparticles dispersed in water, are presented. Several combinations of surfactants with different chain lengths (lauric acid (LA), myristic acid (MA), oleic acid (OA) and dodecyl-benzene-sulphonic acid (DBS)) were used, such as LA+LA, MA+MA, LA+DBS, MA+DBS, OA+DBS, OA+OA and DBS+DBS. Static light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, small angle neutron scattering, magnetic and magneto-rheological measurements revealed that MFs with MA+MA or LA+LA biocompatible double layer covered magnetite nanoparticles are the most stable colloidal systems among the investigated samples, and thus suitable for biomedical applications.

2007-04-15

158

Oral intake of purple passion fruit peel extract reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adult patients with knee osteoarthritis

Double-crystal high-resolution X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was applied to the state analysis of sulfur in coal and related fly ash. For total sulfur, a proportional relationship exists between fluorescence intensities and the analytical values obtained by the oxygen-combustion method. Two oxidation states of sulfur were identified by a least square curve fitting method, by assuming that the spectrum profile is identical for each sulfur state but the intensity and the position are different. Sulfur in coal mainly consists of S/sup 2 -/, whereas that in coal fly ash mainly consists of S/sup 6 +/. As much as 0.04-0.08% of S/sup 2 -/ remains in fly ash.

1983-01-01

159

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Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disorder and a major cause of pain and disability. The hypothesis tested in this study was that the passion fruit peel extract (PFP), a flavonoid-rich dietary supplement, would reduce symptoms due to knee OA. Thirty-three OA patients were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with parallel-group design. Patients received either placebo or PFP pills (150 mg, daily) in a double-blinded fashion for 2 months. The OA clinical symptoms were evaluated monthly with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index. In the PFP group, there was a significant improvement in total WOMAC score and WOMAC subscale score of physical function after 30 days and pain after 60 days. At 60 days, reductions o...

2010-01-01

160

Opportunistic esophagitis in AIDS: Radiographic diagnosis

Minimal Neutrino Beta Beam for Large theta_13

Between 1983 and 1986, 35 of 90 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) had double-contrast esophagograms to rule out opportunistic esophagitis. The radiographs were reviewed without knowledge of the clinical or endoscopic findings. Candida esophagitis was diagnosed radiographically in 17 patients who had varying degrees of plaque formation and viral esophagitis in three who had discrete ulcers without plaques. All three patients with viral esophagitis (herpes in 2 and cytomegalo virus in one) and 15 of 17 with Candida esophagitis had endoscopic and/or clinical corroboration of the radiographic diagnosis. Thus, the authors' experience suggests that fungal and viral esophagitis can often be differentiated on double-contrast esophagography, so that appropriate antifungal or antiviral therapy can be instituted without need for endoscopic intervention.

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161

Mechanical properties of single- and double-gated injection moulded short glass fibre reinforced PBT/PC composites

We discuss the minimum requirements for a neutrino beta beam if theta_13 is discovered by an upcoming reactor experiment, such as Double Chooz or Daya Bay. We require that both neutrino mass hierarchy and leptonic CP violation can be measured to competitive precisions with a single-baseline experiment in the entire remaining theta_13 range. We find that for very high isotope production rates, such as they might be possible using a production ring, a (B,Li) beta beam with a gamma as low as 60 could already be sufficient to perform all of these measurements. If only the often used nominal source luminosities can be achieved, for example, a (Ne,He) beta beam from Fermilab to a possibly existing water Cherenkov detector at Homestake with gamma \\sim 190-350 (depending on the Double Chooz best-fit) could outperform practically any other beam technology including wide-band beam and neutrino factory.

2008-01-01

162

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Tensile and flexural properties of single-gated (SG) and double-gated (DG) injection moulded blend of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polycarbonate (PC) and its composites containing 15, 20 and 30?wt.% short glass fibres were investigated. In the DG mouldings, a weldline was formed by direct impingement of two opposing melt fronts (i.e. cold weld). It was found that tensile modulus was not affected by the weldline but flexural modulus decreased in the presence of weldline. For both specimen types, modulus increased linearly with volume fraction of fibres (? f), according to the rule-of-mixtures for moduli. The weldline integrity (WIF) factor for flexural modulus decreased linearly with increasing ? f. Results showed that tensile and flexural strengths for SG mouldings increase with in...

2008-01-01

163

Layered double hydroxide as novel antibacterial drug delivery system

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The cephalosporin class antibacterial agent, cefazolin, was intercalated into layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in order to improve the drug efficiency as well as to achieve the controlled release property. Cefazolin molecules were incorporated into LDH through conventional ion exchange reaction. X-ray diffraction pattern analyses confirmed that cefazolin molecules were intercalated between the interlayer spaces of LDH. Fourier-transform infrared spectra and high performance liquid chromatographs clearly showed that the drug molecules were stabilized in LDH lattice through electrostatic interaction and released without any changes in their chemical integrity. Antibacterial activity of the cefazolin-LDH nanohybrid was also examined by an in vitro test, such as the minimal inhibitory concentr...

2010-01-01

164

Impact of Collateral Damage to Endourologic Tools During Laser Lithotripsy???In Vitro Comparison of Three Different Clinical Laser Systems

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Background and Purpose: During laser lithotripsy, working instruments are often in close proximity to the distal fiber tip and may be damaged accidentally or even intentionally. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of damage to a standard guidewire and the nitinol wires of endourologic retrieval baskets that were affected by three different clinically available laser systems. Materials and Methods: The impact of pulsed laser irradiation on a standard hydrophilic guidewire and a retrieval basket were investigated. One infrared (IR) laser system (holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet [Ho:YAG]: ????=???2100???nm) and two laser systems emitting light in the visible (VIS) spectral range (frequency-doubled double-pulse neodymium:YAG [FREDDY]: ????=???532???nm/1064???nm and flashl...

2011-01-01

165

Glycerol Hydrogenolysis over Co Catalysts Derived from a Layered Double Hydroxide Precursor

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Co catalysts, obtained from a layered double Co?Zn?Al hydroxide, are highly active and stable towards the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) in aqueous media. The Co-673 catalyst, containing a CoO species, provided a glycerol conversion of 67.7% and a 1,2-PDO selectivity of 50.5%. The Co-873 catalyst comprising 16?nm Co nanoparticles gave a glycerol conversion of 70.6% and a 1,2-PDO selectivity of 57.8%. It was revealed that the CoO species in the Co-673 catalyst was readily converted to 50?nm Co particles under the glycerol hydrogenolysis conditions. The Co catalysts maintained a stable size and phase in recycling tests. Graphical Abstract

2011-01-01

166

Energy saving dc-dc converter circuit

Efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose oral combination of pyronaridine-artesunate compared with artemether-lumefantrine in children and adults with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a randomised non-inferiority trial

An energy saving dc-dc converter circuit is disclosed having two energy efficient means which operate in tandem, an energy conserving means and a voltage doubling means. These energy efficient means are applied in combination with elements commonly found in dc-dc converter circuits, namely an ac voltage generator, a transformer for stepping up the generated ac voltage, and means for storing the converted dc voltage. The energy conserving means is connected to the dc voltage storage means. It comprises a resettable inhibit circuit which cuts off the provision of dc voltage for conversion for a predetermined interval when the output of the converter exceeds a predetermined level. The voltage doubling means is reponsive to outputs of the inhibit circuit of the energy conserving means and the ac voltage generator. It provides a phase inverted waveform of the generated ac voltage on one of two leads to the ac voltage step-up transformer.

1982-06-22

167

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary Background There is a need for new artemisinin-based combination therapies that are convenient, effective, and safe. We compared the efficacy and safety of pyronaridine-artesunate with that of artemether-lumefantrine for treatment of uncomplicated P falciparum malaria. Methods This phase 3, parallel-group, double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority trial was undertaken in seven sites in Africa and three sites in southeast Asia. In a double-dummy design, patients aged 3-60 years with uncomplicated P falciparum malaria were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive pyronaridine-artesunate once a day or artemether-lumefantrine twice a day, orally for 3 days, plus respective placebo. Randomisation was done by computer-generated randomisation sequence in blocks of nine by study centre....

2010-01-01

168

Corrosion and drug release properties of EN-plating/PLGA composite coating on MAO film

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The electroless nickel plating/poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) composite coating (EN-plating/PLGA composite coating) was fabricated on the surface of the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) film of the magnesium alloy AZ81 to double control the corrosion and drug release in the hanks' solution. The EN-plating was fabricated on the MAO coating to improve the corrosion resistance by overlaying most pores and micro-cracks on the surface of the MAO film. Meanwhile, a double layered organic poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)/paclitaxel (PLGA/PTX) drug releasing coating with a top layered PLGA drug controlled releasing coating on EN plating was prepared to control the drug release rate by adjusting the different lactide: glycolide (LA:GA) ratio of PLGA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the X-ray powder dif...

2011-01-01

169

Chloroquine for influenza prevention: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background: Chloroquine has in-vitro activity against influenza and could be an ideal candidate for worldwide prevention of influenza in the period between onset of a pandemic with a virulent influenza strain and the development and widespread dissemination of an effective vaccine. We aimed to assess the efficacy of such an intervention. Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done at a single centre in Singapore, we randomly assigned (1:1) healthy adults to receive chloroquine phosphate (500 mg/day for 1 week, then once a week to complete 12 weeks) or matching placebo by use of a computer-generated randomisation list. Participants filled an online symptom diary every week, supplemented by daily diaries and self-administered nasal swabs when unwell. Haemagglutin...

2011-01-01

170

Characterization and Wear Behavior of Plasma Nitrided Nickel Based Dental Alloy

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In the present work, the plasma nitriding behavior of a nickel based dental alloy was investigated. Plasma nitriding experiments carried out under constant gas mixture (15% H2?85% N2) for different process parameters including time (4, 6, 10, and 20?h) and temperature (400, 450, 500, and 550??C). Depending on nitriding parameters, it was found that triple or double layers formed on the surface of the samples. Increasing of treatment time and temperature has resulted in a double layer. ?N1 layer was in formed all nitrided samples. However, ?N2 layer is formed only at low temperatures and in short times. Layer growth of nickel based alloys increases until a critical time or a critical temperature reached. Above these critical values, it is observed that the layer thickness decreases. It was ...

2011-01-01

171

Anion capture with calcium, aluminium and iron containing layered double hydroxides

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The competitive adsorption of nitrate, chloride and carbonate in layered double hydroxides (LHD) with the general formula Formula Not Shown was investigated. Both normal ion exchange by exposure to a solution containing different anions, as well as addition of calcined material to solution thereby exploiting the memory effect of LDHs was studied. Changes in the interlayer anion changed the interlayer spacing of the LDH. The order of preference of intercalation was Formula Not Shown . When multiple anions were present in the exchange solution, LDHs with several distinct interlayer spacing were produced indicating that LDHs with different anions in the interlayer existed at the same time. However for extended exchange times (14days) where high concentrations of carbonate anion were present, ...

2011-01-01

172

A unified analysis of the reactor neutrino program towards the measurement of the theta_13 mixing angle

The poly dA helix: a new structural motif for high performance DNA-based molecular switches

We present in this article a detailed quantitative discussion of the measurement of the leptonic mixing angle theta_13 through currently scheduled reactor neutrino oscillation experiments. We thus focus on Double Chooz (Phase I & II), Daya Bay (Phase I & II) and RENO experiments. We perform a unified analysis, including systematics, backgrounds and accurate experimental setup in each case. Each identified systematic error and background impact has been assessed on experimental setups following published data when available and extrapolating from Double Chooz acquired knowledge otherwise. After reviewing the experiments, we present a new analysis of their sensitivities to sin^2(2 theta_13) and study the impact of the different systematics based on the pulls approach. Through this generic statistical analysis we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of each experimental setup.

2007-01-01

173

The 2- to 1-phonon E3 transition strength in "1"4"8Gd

We report a pH-dependent conformational transition in short, defined homopolymeric deoxyadenosines (dA₁₅) from a single helical structure with stacked nucleobases at neutral pH to a double-helical,...Full Text Available

2009-05-01

174

Telavancin versus Standard Therapy for Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria: FAST 2 Study

The energy level schemes of Gd and Tb isotopes have been investigated using NORDBALL #gamma# detector. The two-phonon, octupole 12"+ state in "1"4"8Gd has been established from double E3 deexcitation cascade. 9 refs, 15 figs.

1991-12-01

175

TSI study of multiactivated SrS phosphors

Telavancin is a bactericidal lipoglycopeptide with a multifunctional mechanism of action. We conducted a randomized, double blind, active-control phase II trial. Patients ≥18 years of age with...Full Text Available

2006-03-01

176

Studying the triple-Higgs vertex in the process. gamma. gamma. yields HH at TeV energies

Data of thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) of single (Cu), double (Cu, Mn) and triple (Cu, Mn, Gd) activated SrS phosphors, which throws light on the nature and distribution of deeper traps have been presented. The samples are prepared by Bhawalkar's method and excited by UV 365 nm and #gamma#-rays to study the phenomenon. (author). 8 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

177

Studying the triple-Higgs vertex in the process #gamma##gamma##->#HH at TeV energies

In the framework of the equivalence theorem the one-loop helicity amplitudes and cross section for the double Higgs production process {gamma}{gamma}{yields}HH are calculated. It is shown that the cross section is measurable at TeV {gamma}{gamma} colliders and is marginally sensitive to the triple-Higgs variation. (orig.).

1992-06-04

178

Status and perspectives of short baseline studies

In the framework of the equivalence theorem the one-loop helicity amplitudes and cross section for the double Higgs production process #gamma##gamma##->#HH are calculated. It is shown that the cross section is measurable at TeV #gamma##gamma# colliders and is marginally sensitive to the triple-Higgs variation. (orig.).

179

Stabilization of synchrotron radiation x-ray beam by MOSTAB

The study of flavor changing neutrinos is a very active field of research. I will discuss the status of ongoing and near term experiments investigating neutrino properties at short distances from the source. In the next few years, the Double Chooz, RENO and Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiments will start looking for signatures of a non-zero value of the mixing angle $\\theta_{13}$ with much improved sensitivities. The MiniBooNE experiment is investigating the LSND anomaly by looking at both the $\

2009-01-01

180

Shaft bearing of steam turbines with large capacity

Monochromator stabilization (MOSTAB) is a feedback control system to stabilize an x-ray beam of synchrotron radiation. It applies a feedback voltage to a piezo electric transducer attached to a double-crystal monochromator. We developed MOSTAB modules and examined their performances using SPring-8 beamlines. The x-ray beam position stabilization using MOSTAB was realized simultaneously with the x-ray beam intensity stabilization. As an example of its application, we performed EXAFS measurement with MOSTAB. (author)

2003-05-01

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181

Sequence specificity of the non-natural pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside in triple helix formation.

The advantages and disadvantages of single-point or double-point bearing of rotors with several single shafts are illustrated by examples from the KWU series. The design features of modern bearings are described. Some results from the test program for the development of these bearings are reported. In the last section the vibration behavior of the shafts is considered. Various phenomena - like self-excited vibrations and those caused by unbalance or the influence of partial admission - are briefly discussed. (orig.).

182

Selective epoxidation of allylic alcohols with a titania-silica aerogel

The non-natural pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside F, which pairs preferentially with guanine (G) and adenine (A) within double-helical DNA, recognizes with high selectivity AT base pairs within triple-helical...Full Text Available

1994-07-11

183

Second harmonic generation of copper-vapor pulsed laser radiation

An amorphous mesoporous titania-silica aerogel (20 wt%TiO{sub 2} - 80 wt% SiO{sub 2}) and tert.-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) have been used for the epoxidation of various allylic alcohols. Allylic alcohols possessing an internal double bond were more reactive than those with a terminal C=C bond. Epoxide selectivities could be improved by addition of (basic) zeolite 4 A and NaHCO{sub 3} to the reaction mixture. (orig.)

1998-12-31

184

SOME RECENT DETERMINATIONS OF ATOMIC MASSES IN THE STRONTIUM-ZIRCONIUM REGION

An experimental study of second harmonic generation in a copper-vapor pulsed laser with an ADP crystal is presented. The ratio of the conversion into the second harmonic is found to depend on the average power of the exciting radiation. The maximum conversion ratio was 8.5%. Thermal self-defocusing is the main obstacle to obtaining high average powers at the double frequency.

1980-08-01

185

Recent process developments at the SOMAIRE uranium mill

A large double-focusing mass spectrometer was used to obtain new values for the masses of Sr/sup 86/, Sr/sup 88/, and Zr/sup 90/. Mass differences calculated from these values are found to be in better agreement with nuclear transmutation information than were previous mass spectroscopically derived values. (auth)

1960-06-01

186

Recent process developments at the COMINAK uranium mill

This paper reviews the mill flowsheet applied at the SOMAIR (Societe des Mines de l'Air) uranium mill in Niger. It focuses on the yellow cake quality improvements achieved by molybdenum and zirconium elimination through double yellow cake precipitation in tanks at first stage and through size/density control in a fluidized bed precipitator at second stage. Water saving aspects in the plant are also presented. (author)

2000-09-09

187

This paper reviews the mill flowsheet applied at the COMINAK uranium mill (Compagnie Miniere d'Akouta) in Niger. For ore treatment, it focuses on the major improvements to the operations using sulfonitric pugging and solids/liquid separation using belt filter double filtration after leaching. The precipitation circuits have been improved with molybdenum elimination through caustic washing of the yellow cake. (author)

2000-07-01

188

Pumped storage plants

Plasmids for the cloning and expression of full-length double-stranded cDNAs under control of the SV40 early or late gene promoter.

Pumping is one of the means for storing vast quantities of energy. This article analyses its principles and ways of implementation with emphasis on its double aspect, e.g., on the one hand, off-peak power is transferred to the periods of heaviest load and is thus valorized, even when taking into account losses due to poor efficiency of operations in the pumping and turbine modes, and on the other hand, plants have great flexibility in operation, faciliting the permanent fitting of generation to demand.

1982-09-01

189

Plant cell engineering: current research, application and future prospects

Okayama and Berg (1) have recently described a technique for the high efficiency cloning of full-length dscDNAs. We have constructed eukaryotic expression vectors compatible both with this technique...Full Text Available

1983-10-25

190

Plant biomass and stem juice of the C4 sugarcane at elevated growth CO2 and temperature

This paper reviewed the current status of basic research in plant cell engineering, highlighted the application of embryo culture, double haploid (DH) technology, protoplast culture and somatic hybridization, somaclonal variation, rapid propagation, and bio-products production of plant-origin, and t he prospects. (authors)

2008-10-01

191

Pd-Na/F double exploding foil photoionization experiment

Plant biomass, stem juice and stem sugar were determined for four sugarcane cultivars grown for three months at daytime [CO2] of 360 (ambient) and 720 (doubled) ppm and temperatures (T) of 1.5 (near-ambient) and 6.0C higher than outside ambient T. Leaf area and biomass, stem biomass, stem juice and ...

192

Patterns of soil-transmitted helminth infection and impact of four-monthly albendazole treatments in preschool children from semi-urban communities in Nigeria: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial

The achievement of inner-shell photoionization of Zn-like Pd by means of two exploding foils is described. This resulted in the soft X-ray transition 3d94s2-3d104p at 46 A. It is shown that the photoionization of inner shell electrons in highly stripped ions can lead to X-ray transitions which may be candidates for X-ray lasers under 50 A.

1990-03-01

193

PRO2000 vaginal gel for prevention of HIV-1 infection (Microbicides Development Programme 301): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial

BackgroundChildren aged between one and five years are particularly vulnerable to disease caused by soil-transmitted helminths (STH). Periodic deworming has been shown to improve...Full Text Available

194

On the spectral sequence from Khovanov homology to Heegaard Floer homology

SummaryBackgroundInnovative prevention strategies for HIV-1 transmission are urgently needed. PRO2000 vaginal gel was efficacious against HIV-1 transmission in studies...Full Text Available

2010-10-16

195

Method of purifying uranium tetrafluoride hydrate and preparing uranium (VI) peroxide hydrate using a fluoride complexing agent

Ozsvath and Szabo show that there is a spectral sequence whose E^2 term is the reduced Khovanov homology of L, and which converges to the Heegaard Floer homology of the (orientation reversed) branched double cover of S^3 along L. We prove that the E^k term of this spectral sequence is an invariant of the link L when k>2. If L is a transverse link, then we show that Plamenevskaya's transverse invariant gives rise to a transverse invariant of L in each of these higher terms.

2008-01-01

196

MOVPE of (AlGaIn)P under the carrier gas nitrogen for LED structures

The annual production of phosphate rock, on the order of about 30-40 million tons yearly, represents several million pounds of uranium. The present invention provides a process of purifying uranium tetrafluoride hydrate to produce a uranium (VI) peroxide product meeting 'yellow cake' standards using a double precipitation procedure. A fluoride complexing agent is used in the precipitation.

1978-06-27

197

MCM2-7 Form Double Hexamers at Licensed Origins in Xenopus Egg Extract*

This thesis dealt with the metal-organic gas phase epitaxy with nitrogen as carrier gas. For this first by means of three-dimensional modelings of the epitaxy process the influence of the carrier gas on the processes was explained. The optimization of the growth parameter for the whole light-emitting-diode structure in double-hetero arrangement resulted that an a temperature of 770 C and a V/ III-ratio of 150 layers with a high crystal quality could be reached.

198

Hyperfine interactions in HCOOD and DCOOH molecules

In late mitosis and G1, Mcm2-7 are assembled onto replication origins to license them for initiation in the upcoming S phase. After initiation, Mcm2-7 provide helicase activity to unwind DNA at the...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

199

Glassy carbon supercapacitor: 100,000 cycles demonstrated

The method of double microwave--radio-frequency resonance has been used to obtain spectra of the 2/sub 11/reverse arrow2/sub 12/ and 3/sub 21/reverse arrow3/sub 22/ transitions in HCOOD, DCOOH, and HCOOH molecules. The constants of the quadrupole bond of the deuterons have been determined, magnetic interactions being taken into acocunt. A comparison with results of previous studies is given.

1986-05-01

200

Field guide to the binary stars

A 5 V glassy carbon capacitor stack was built consisting of four bipolar and two end-plate electrodes. More than 100,000 charging/discharging cycles were applied to test the stability of the double-layer capacitor. Low and high frequency resistances were measured as a function of the number of cycles. (author) 2 figs., 1 ref.

1999-08-01

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201

Explore - The Lab - Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Gateway to Science

For most of the history of binary star astronomy, systems have been classified largely on the basis of how they were discovered and qualitative appearance of their spectra and light curves. Present understanding of single and double star evolution has now progressed to the point where most of the classes previously identified, and some new ones, can be arranged into evolutionary sequences, depending primarily on the initial masses and separation of the component stars.

1983-05-12

202

Wastenet

...Explore - The Lab - Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Gateway to Science Radio TV Shop News Sport Local Children Science Environment more Topics help Science Home News in Science Features Explore TV & Radio Dr Karl Play Podcasts DNA - The discovery of the double helix structure of DNA completely changed biology and opened up the new field of genetics. The 'backbone of life' has given us the human genome, stem cell research, ...

203

Efficacy of a heat inactivated hepatitis B vaccine in male homosexuals: outcome of a placebo controlled double blind trial.

Double proton migrations in dimeric methaboric, formic, cis-nitrous and nitric acids

The efficacy of a heat inactivated hepatitis B virus vaccine, containing 3 micrograms hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), was studied in a high risk group of 800 susceptible homosexual men by a randomised...Full Text Available

1983-04-23

204

Double minutes arise from circular extrachromosomal DNA intermediates which integrate into chromosomal sites in human HL-60 leukemia cells.

Using ab initio (SCF/6-31G) method, mechanisms of proton migrations in methaboric acid dimers have studied. It is shown that in all the dimers considered a cooperative transfer of protons occurs. The calculated values of activation barriers of cooperative proton transfer reactions in the dimers are equal to 28.6 kcal/mol.

205

Dissecting toxin immunity in virus-infected killer yeast uncovers an intrinsic strategy of self-protection

Amplification of oncogenes has been found to be an important prognostic factor in behavior of patients' malignancies. In this study we have used new gel electrophoresis techniques to follow the location...Full Text Available

1990-06-01

206

Device for advancing the base of a stoping unit

Toxin-secreting “killer” yeasts were initially identified >40 years ago in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains infected with a double-stranded RNA “killer”...Full Text Available

2006-03-07

207

Demonstration of piping integrity with SMA technology

The purpose of the invention is to increase reliability in the operation of the device for advancing the base of a stoping unit. This is achieved because the device includes alternation hydraulic jacks of advance and control connected by hinges between themselves by the sections of the base and equipped with hydraulic locks, distributors of the hydraulic jacks of advance. In this case the hydraulic locks connected to the hydraulic jacks of control are doubled and connected to the distributors of the neighboring sections through reverse valves.

1980-12-13

208

DOUBLE-SHELL TANK (DST) HYDROXIDE DEPLETION MODEL FOR CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION

The safe function of a new pipe whip restraint device has been demonstrated in a full scale test. The restraint is based on using a shape memory alloy to protect a pipe and its environment in the event of a double-ended-guillotine-break. The evaluation test has been performed at boiling water reactor (BWR) operating pressure and temperature using a pipe representing BWR primary piping. (orig.) 2 refs.

1997-10-01

209

Clinical application of dual energy subtraction in direct digital radiography of chest

This document generates a supernatant hydroxide ion depletion model based on mechanistic principles. The carbon dioxide absorption mechanistic model is developed in this report. The report also benchmarks the model against historical tank supernatant hydroxide data and vapor space carbon dioxide data. A comparison of the newly generated mechanistic model with previously applied empirical hydroxide depletion equations is also performed.

2009-04-30

210

Assessment of bone formation and bone resorption in osteoporosis: a comparison between tetracycline-based iliac histomorphometry and whole body /sup 85/Sr kinetics

Objective: To discuss the clinical application value of dual energy subtraction (DES) in direct digital radiography of chest. Methods: 83 cases of chest digital radiography(DR) using double-energy subtraction (DES) were randomly selected, and three posterior-anterior (PA) chest films (standard image, bone image and soft tissue image) were obtained in each case, which is so called 'bone and soft tissue separated' technology. Results: With the aid of double energy subtraction (DES), the bony chest was subtracted, the sensitivity and specificity of pulmonary calcification were improved, and sensitivity of pulmonary nodes was also improved, enhancing the distinction between pulmonary benign or malignant lesions, enlightening the diagnosis of chest cage lesions, and showing a clear superiority in the detection of pulmonary nodes comparing to common chest films. The double energy subtraction (DES) films showed a higher diagnostic ...

2009-02-01

211

Are there tachyons in extensive air showers?

Bone formation and resorption have been measured in patients with idiopathic osteoporosis by histomorphometry of 7.5-mm trephine biopsies and in the whole body by 85Sr radiotracer methodology and calcium balances. The studies were synchronized and most were preceded by double in vivo tetracycline labeling. Correlations between histological and kinetic bone formation indices were better when better when based on the extent of double tetracycline labels than on measurements of osteoid by visible light microscopy. Correction of the kinetic data for long-term exchange, using 5 months' serial whole body counting of retained 85Sr, improved the fit of the kinetic to the histological data. A statistical analysis of the measurement uncertainties showed that the residual scatter in the best correlations (between exchange-corrected bone formation rates and double-labeled osteoid surface indices) could be attributed to ...

1987-12-01

212

Acoustic wave propagation in fluid metamaterial with solid inclusions

The results obtained by studying double-front extensive air showers in which more than 107 particles are contained and in which the fronts are separated by a time interval of #DELTA#t #approx# 100 ns are presented. Serious difficulties in explaining 'delayed' showers are revealed. In this connection, a hypothesis that the 'leading' showers are initiated by tachyons produced in the first interaction of primary particles is proposed.

2010-05-01

213

A pre-clinical model of double versus single unit unrelated cord blood transplantation

Acoustic waves propagation of in composite of water with embedded double-layered silicone resin/silver rods is considered. Approximate values of effective dynamical constitutive parameters are obtained. Frequency ranges of simultaneous negative constitutive parameters are found. Localized surface states on the interface between metamaterial and ``normal'' material are found. Doppler effect in metamaterial is considered. Presence of anomalous modes is shown.

2010-01-01

214

3-D numerical simulation of the transient electromagnetic pulse coupling to double cylinder object

Cord blood transplantation (CBT) with units containing total nucleated cell (TNC) dose >2.5×10⁷/kg is associated with improved engraftment and decreased transplant-related...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

215

Yellow-emitting AlGaInP double heterostructure laser diode at 77 K grown by atmospheric metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

In this paper, finite-difference time-domain method is used to research the transient electromagnetic pulse (EMP) coupling to the cylinder object which is shielded in another shielding cavity with a hole numerically. The different coupling effectiveness of three transient EMP is simulated. The distribution of the electric field in the shielding cavity and the current on the cavity are researched. The shielding effectiveness is evaluated. (authors)

2006-10-21

216

Wide bandgap collector III-V double heterojunction bipolar transistors

Yellow-emitting pulsed laser operation of an Al/sub 0.37/Ga/sub 0.15/In/sub 0.48/P/Al/sub 0.16/Ga/sub 0.36/In/sub 0.48/P/ Al/sub 0.37/Ga/sub 0.15/In/sub 0.48/P double heterostructure laser diode was obtained at 77 K. The emission wavelength was 579 nm. The threshold current density was 5.6 kA/cm/sup 2/ for a diode with a Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ insulated 8-..mu..m-wide and 250-..mu..m-long stripe geometry. The device was made from a DH wafer grown by conventional metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using triethyl metals and phosphine as source materials.

1984-11-01

217

Studies on improvement of heat transfer characteristics in high temperature heat exchangers, (1)

This thesis is devoted to the study and development of Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) designed for high voltage operation. The work concentrates on the use of wide bandgap III-V semiconductor materials as the collector material and their associated properties influencing breakdown, such as impact ionisation coefficients. The work deals with issues related to incorporating a wide bandgap collector into double heterojunction structures such as conduction band discontinuities at the base-collector junction and results are presented which detail, a number of methods designed to eliminate the effects of such discontinuities. In particular the use of AlGaAs as the base material has been successful in eliminating the conduction band spike at this interface. A method of electrically injecting electrons into the collector has been employed to investigate impact ionisation in GaAs, GaInP and AlInP which has used the intrinsic gain of the devices to extract impact ...

218

Single-Electrode Transient Behavior for Electric Double Layer Capacitor Composed of Nano-Porous Carbon Electrode; Kasseitan denki 2jyuso kyapasita no tankyoku jyuhoden katei ni taisuru sokudoronteki kento

Reported in this paper are the theoretical and experimental studies, with regard to the effects of radiation between walls, conducted for the improvement of heat transfer characteristics of the circular duct in high temperature heat exchangers that operate through the medium of non-radiating gases at around 1,000"0C. To study the fundamental performance of the heat transfer augmentation, the experiment was carried out using a double tube at temperatures up to 900"0C. The outer tube in a double tube was selectively heated so as to give a uniform heat flux selected of 6.5 x 10"3 and 4.6 x 10"4 kcal/m"2.h, while the inner tube was used as a radiating surface to impart the radiation heat transmitted from the outer tube. Selectively preheated air was caused to flow in an annular passage at an inlet temperature selected within 100"0C to 400"0C and with the Reynolds number of 2.9 x 10"3 to 3.5 x 10"4. The heat transfer characteristics were found to ...

1978-01-01

219

Short-term tolerability of once-daily timolol hemihydrate 0.5%, timolol maleate in sorbate 0.5%, and generic timolol maleate gel-forming solution 0.5% in glaucoma and/or ocular hypertension: A prospective, randomized, double-masked, active-controlled, three-period crossover pilot study

Single-electrode transient behavior was measured mainly during the discharging process for a model cell of electric double layer capacitor with nano-porous carbon electrodes and reference electrode. Apparent conductivity in the cell, which we call `effective conductivity,` is determined with approximation of current in transient behavior to a one-dimensional electrophoretic model. A comparison of effective conductivity with conductivity of bulk solution suggests an interesting mechanism of transfer of electrolyte ions. The difference in transient behavior between various electrolyte ions was not conspicuous in spite of distinctive differences in conductivity of each bulk solution. The large pore diameter of the carbon electrode results in rapid transient behavior and such an electrode should be suitable for rapid charge and discharge. The effect of origin of carbon electrode is found to be significant to bring considerable differences in discharge rate. However, ...

1997-07-10

220

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare symptoms and anterior segment tolerability with short-term (3-day) administration of once-daily timolol hemihydrate 0.5%, timolol maleate in sorbate 0.5%, and generic timolol maleate gel-forming solution 0.5% in the treatment of glaucoma and/or ocular hypertension. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-masked, active-controlled, 3-period crossover pilot study, eligible patients had primary open-angle, pigmentdispersion, or exfoliation glaucoma, and/or ocular hypertension in >=1 eye; had a best corrected visual acuity of 1.0 or better in each eye, as measured using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity testing chart; were receiving 1 glaucoma medication; and had an untreated intraocular pressure (IOP) ...

2009-01-01

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221

Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of an AlGaInP double heterostructure laser grown by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

Performance of ZnMoO4 crystal as cryogenic scintillating bolometer to search for double beta decay of molybdenum

Continuous-wave (cw) operation at temperatures up to 23 /sup 0/C of an Al/sub 0.26/Ga/sub 0.26/In/sub 0.48/P/Ga/sub 0.52/In/sub 0.48/P/ Al/sub 0.26/Ga/sub 0.26/In/sub 0.48/P double heterostructure (DH) laser has been achieved for the first time. The threshold current was 160 mA at 20 /sup 0/C for a device with a 10-..mu..m-wide and 250-..mu..m-long ion-implanted stripe geometry. The emission wavelength was 671 nm during cw operation at 10 /sup 0/C. To reduce thermal resistance to a heat sink, a dually stacked structure made of a thin (approx.0.3 ..mu..m) p-AlGaInP layer and a p-Al/sub 0.76/Ga/sub 0.24/As layer was used as a cladding layer. The DH wafer was grown by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition.

1985-11-15

222

Optical properties of rare earth sodium double molybdates Na[sub 5]RE(MoO[sub 4])[sub 4], RE=Pr, Nd, Eu

Zinc molybdate (ZnMoO4) single crystals were grown for the first time by the Czochralski method and their luminescence was measured under X ray excitation in the temperature range 85-400 K. Properties of ZnMoO4 crystal as cryogenic low temperature scintillator were checked for the first time. Radioactive contamination of the ZnMoO4 crystal was estimated as <0.3 mBq/kg (228-Th) and 8 mBq/kg (226-Ra). Thanks to the simultaneous measurement of the scintillation light and the phonon signal, the alpha particles can be discriminated from the gamma/beta interactions, making this compound extremely promising for the search of neutrinoless Double Beta Decay of 100-Mo. We also report on the ability to discriminate the alpha-induced background without the light measurement, thanks to a different shape of the thermal signal that characterizes gamma/beta and alpha particle interactions.

2010-01-01

223

On the Potential for Vacancy Annihilation as a Mechanism for Conditioning in Pu-1.9 at.% Ga

Absorption and emission measurements at liquid-helium temperature, liquid-nitrogen temperature and room temperature have been performed on tetragonal scheelite-type rare earth sodium double molybdates Na[sub 5]RE(MoO[sub 4])[sub 4] and on RE-doped Na[sub 5]Gd(MoO[sub 4])[sub 4] samples. The rare earth occupies one single crystallographic position with S[sub 4] as point symmetry. The spectra were analysed according to the crystal field theory. From the experimental data, nearly complete energy level schemes of the Pr[sup 3+] and Nd[sup 3+], on the 4f [sup 2] and 4f [sup 3] configurations were derived. Very good correlation was obtained between the experimental and simulated energy level schemes, first for the approximated D[sub 2d] and then for the true S[sub 4] symmetries. The crystal field parameters vary smoothly with the atomic number of the rare earth, when compared with those determined previously for Eu[sup 3+] in the same matrix. ((orig.))

1994-06-01

224

Nuclear Reactor Sharing Program

The {delta} {yields} {alpha}{prime} martensitic transformation in Pu-1.9 at.% Ga occurs when the alloy is cooled below about -100 C. This transformation exhibits anomalous behavior, where the isothermal transformation proceeds atypically with double-C kinetics. Recent work has revealed that an ambient temperature isothermal hold (referred to as conditioning) prior to the transformation has different effects depending on whether transformation proceeds in the upper- or lower-C of the double-C: the amount of transformation is increased with conditioning in the upper-C, while the transformation in the lower-C seems to be engendered by conditioning. The mechanism by which conditioning affects the low-temperature {delta} {yields} {alpha}{prime} transformation is thus of great importance to understanding the transformation itself as well as the general circumstances that can affect a martensitic phase transformation. Using differential scanning ...

2009-03-09

225

Layer-by-layer self-assembly of polyimide precursor/layered double hydroxide ultrathin films

The Ohio State University Research Reactor (OSURR) is licensed to operate at a maximum power level of 500 kW. A pool-type reactor using flat-plate, low enriched fuel elements, the OSURR provides several experimental facilities including two 6-inch i.d. beam ports, a graphite thermal column, several graphite-isotope-irradiation elements, a pneumatic transfer system (Rabbit), various dry tubes, and a Central Irradiation Facility (CIF). The core arrangement and accessibility facilitates research programs involving material activation or core parameter studies. The OSURR control room is large enough to accommodate laboratory groups which can use control instrumentation for monitoring of experiments. The control instrumentation is relatively simple, without a large amount of duplication. This facilitates opportunities for hands-on experience in reactor operation by nuclear engineering students making reactor parameter measurements. For neutron activation analysis and analyses of natural ...

1994-09-01

226

Large area electron beam pumped krypton fluoride laser amplifier

The layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly has been extensively used as a simple and effective method for the preparation of polyelectrolyte multilayer films. In this work, we utilized this unique method to prepare polyimide precursor/layered double hydroxide (LDH) ultrathin films. Well-crystallized Co-Al-CO_3 LDH and subsequent anion exchanged Co-Al-NO_3 LDH were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). By vigorous shaking of the as-prepared Co-Al-NO_3 LDH, positively charged and exfoliated LDH nanosheets were obtained. Atomic force microscopy and XRD investigations indicated the delamination of LDH nanosheets. The precursor of polyimide, poly(amic acid) tertiary amine salt (PAS) was prepared by the polycondensation of dianhydride and diamine, and subsequent amine salt formation. By using the LBL method, heterogeneous ultrathin films of PAS and LDH were prepared. The formation of the ordered nanostructured assemblies was ...

2010-09-30

227

Iodixanol in cerebral computed tomography: a randomized, double-blind, phase-III, parallel study with iodixanol and iohexol

Nike is a recently completed multi-kilojoule krypton fluoride (KrF) laser that has been built to study the physics of direct drive inertial confinement fusion. This paper describes in detail both the pulsed power and optical performance of the largest amplifier in the Nike laser, the 60 cm amplifier. This is a double pass, double sided, electron beam-pumped system that amplifies the laser beam from an input of 50 J to an output of up to 5 kJ. It has an optical aperture of 60 cm x 60 cm and a gain length of 200 cm. The two electron beams are 60 cm high x 200 cm wide, have a voltage of 640 kV, a current of 540 kA, and a flat top power pulse duration of 250 ns. A 2 kG magnetic field is used to guide the beams and prevent self-pinching. Each electron beam is produced by its own Marx/pulse forming line system. The amplifier has been fully integrated into the Nike system and is used on a daily basis for laser-target experiments. copyright 1997 ...

228

High performance ultra-steels with recyclable design

Iodixanol is a new nonionic dimer, isotonic with blood at all clinically relevant concentrations. Iodixanol (270 mg I/ml) was compared in a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, phase-III study to the monomeric nonionic iohexol (300 mg I/ml) for evaluation of safety, tolerability and radiographic efficacy during cerebral CT. One hundred adult patients scheduled to undergo contrast-enhanced cerebral CT were randomly allocated to receive either iodixanol or iohexol. All completed the trial. Safety was evaluated by recording discomfort and other adverse events, tolerance by assessing intensity and incidence of discomfort. Radiographic efficacy was assessed from the diagnostic information and the radiographic density. No serious adverse events occurred. One patient (2 %) in the iodixanol group and one patient (2 %) in the iohexol group experienced a transient reddening at the neck and lower neck-line, respectively. Both contrast agents were well tolerated. One ...

1999-09-01

229

Four-fermion production at {gamma}{gamma} colliders: 2. Radiative corrections in double-pole approximation

The global production of steel is predicted to increase rapidly to meet future demands. In order to conserve the natural resources, certain measures must be taken. These include perfecting the recycling of steel, improving the performance to extend the life of the material, and reduce the need for massive production of steel by increasing the strength of the material. This paper presented a design concept for ultrafine complex microstructure steel. The National Research Institute for Metals in Japan has worked on a project which investigated 800 MPa ferrite steel for welded structures with a chemical composition similar to 400 MPa-class plain carbon steel. The doubled strength was attributed to grain refinement. Novel welding techniques were also used for joining the ultrafine microstructure. In this study, low carbon Si-Mn ferrite-pearlite steels were subjected to a thermo-mechanical treatment to produce a microstructure of 1 micron order ultrafine grain ferrite ...

2000-07-01

230

Four-fermion production at #gamma##gamma# colliders: 2. Radiative corrections in double-pole approximation

The O({alpha}) electroweak radiative corrections to {gamma}{gamma}{yields}WW{yields}4f within the electroweak standard model are calculated in double-pole approximation (DPA). Virtual corrections are treated in DPA, leading to a classification into factorizable and non-factorizable contributions, and real-photonic corrections are based on complete lowest-order matrix elements for {gamma}{gamma}{yields}4f+{gamma}. Soft and collinear singularities appearing in the virtual and real corrections are combined alternatively in two different ways, namely by using the dipole subtraction method or by applying phase-space slicing. The radiative corrections are implemented in a Monte Carlo generator called Coffer {gamma}{gamma} - the computer code can be obtained from the authors upon request - which optionally includes anomalous triple and quartic gauge-boson couplings in addition and performs a convolution over realistic spectra of the photon beams. A detailed survey of ...

2005-09-01

231

Flue gas desulfurization pilot study. phase i. survey of major installations. report no. 95. summary of survey reports on flue gas desulfurization processes

The O(#alpha#) electroweak radiative corrections to #gamma##gamma##->#WW#->#4f within the electroweak standard model are calculated in double-pole approximation (DPA). Virtual corrections are treated in DPA, leading to a classification into factorizable and non-factorizable contributions, and real-photonic corrections are based on complete lowest-order matrix elements for #gamma##gamma##->#4f+#gamma#. Soft and collinear singularities appearing in the virtual and real corrections are combined alternatively in two different ways, namely by using the dipole subtraction method or by applying phase-space slicing. The radiative corrections are implemented in a Monte Carlo generator called Coffer #gamma##gamma# - the computer code can be obtained from the authors upon request - which optionally includes anomalous triple and quartic gauge-boson couplings in addition and performs a convolution over realistic spectra of the photon beams. A detailed survey of ...

2005-09-01

232

Evaluation of scaling correlations for mobilization of double-shell tank waste

Appendices to this summary consist of twelve individual status reports that will be available through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) in the United States and of course limited copies will be available through NATO. The twelve report titles which are appendices to the summary are: (A) Status Report on the Limestone/Sludge Flue Gas Desulfurization Process; (B) Status Report on the Lime/Sludge Flue Gas Desulfurization Process; (C) Status Report on the Double Alkali/Sludge Flue Gas Desulfurization Process; (D) Status Report on the Sea Water Scrubbing Flue Gas Desulfurization Process; (E) Status Report on the Limestone/Gypsum Flue Gas Desulfurization Process; (F) Status Report on the Lime/Gypsum Flue Gas Desulfurization Process; (G) Status Report on the Double Alkali/Gypsum Flue Gas Desulfurization Process; (H) Status Report on Flue Gas Desulfurization by Scrubbing with Dilute Sulfuric Acid; (I) Status Report on the Magnesium ...

1979-01-01

233

Effects of comonomer and two-step oxidation on production of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers. Polyacrylonitrile kei tanso sen'i no seizo ni okeru sanka jikan ni oyobosu zenkutai sen'i no kyojugo seibun oyobi dankai sanka no koka

In this report, we have examined some of the fundamental mechanisms expected to be at work during mobilization of the waste within the double-shell tanks at Hanford. The motivation stems from the idea that in order to properly apply correlations derived from scaled tests, one would have to ensure that appropriate scaling laws are utilized. Further, in the process of delineating the controlling mechanisms during mobilization, the currently used computational codes are being validated and strengthened based on these findings. Experiments were performed at 1/50-scale, different from what had been performed in the previous fiscal years (i.e., 1/12- and 1/25-scale). It was anticipated that if the current empirical correlations are to work, they should be scale invariant. The current results showed that linear scaling between the 1/25-scale and 1/50-scale correlations do not work well. Several mechanisms were examined in the scaled tests which might have contributed to ...

1997-09-01

234

Doubled-ended breaks in reactor primary piping. [Guillotine breaks

The oxidation conditions were investigated for obtaining a higher productivity in the production of high strength carbon fiber from polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The effect of incorporation of 2 % comonomer such as methyl acrylate (MA), acrylate containing carboxylate (SA), acrylamide (AAm), and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) on the oxidation conditions was also investigated. The measurement of DSC and bonded oxygen content revealed that the most effective comonomer for promoting the cyclization of nitril group and the bonding of oxygen was found to be SA, and the second best was AAm. The measurement of tensile strength of carbon fiber showed that the copolymer of SA, HEA, and MA gave a high strength fiber. It took a long time to oxidize the carbon fiber when it was oxidized at a temperature on which double layer structure was not formed. To shorten the production time, a method of combining the upper limit oxidation in which the double layer structure ...

1994-06-10

235

Double-diffusive convection in a Darcy porous medium saturated with a couple-stress fluid

Results indicate that the probability of double-ended guillotine break (DEGB) in the reactor coolant loop piping of Westinghouse and Combustion Engineering plants is extremely low. It is recommended that the NRC seriously consider eliminating DEGB as a design basis event for reactor coolant loop piping in Westinghouse plants. Pipe whip restraints on reactor coolant loop piping could then be excluded or removed, and the requirement to design supports to withstand asymmetric blowdown loads could be eliminated. It is also recommended that the current requirement to couple safe shutdown earthquake (SSE) and DEGB be eliminated. Recognizing however that seismically induced support failure is the weak link in the DEGB evaluation, it is recommended that the strength of component supports, currently designed for the combination of SSE plus DEGB, not be reduced. The study indicates that the probability of DEGB in reactor coolant loop piping is sufficiently low under all ...

1984-10-01

236

Double-diffusive convection in a Darcy porous medium saturated with a couple-stress fluid

The onset of double-diffusive convection in a couple-stress fluid-saturated horizontal porous layer is studied using linear and weak nonlinear stability analyses. The modified Darcy equation that includes the time derivative term and the inertia term is used to model the momentum equation. The expressions for stationary, oscillatory and finite-amplitude Rayleigh number are obtained as a function of the governing parameters. The effect of couple-stress parameter, solute Rayleigh number, Vadasz number and diffusivity ratio on stationary, oscillatory and finite-amplitude convection is shown graphically. It is found that the couple-stress parameter and the solute Rayleigh number have a stabilizing effect on stationary, oscillatory and finite-amplitude convection. The diffusivity ratio has a destabilizing effect in the case of stationary and finite-amplitude modes, with a dual effect in the case of oscillatory convection. The Vadasz number advances the onset of ...

2010-06-15

237

Double-Edge Molecular Measurement of Lidar Wind Profiles in the VALID Campaign

The onset of double-diffusive convection in a couple-stress fluid-saturated horizontal porous layer is studied using linear and weak nonlinear stability analyses. The modified Darcy equation that includes the time derivative term and the inertia term is used to model the momentum equation. The expressions for stationary, oscillatory and finite-amplitude Rayleigh number are obtained as a function of the governing parameters. The effect of couple-stress parameter, solute Rayleigh number, Vadasz number and diffusivity ratio on stationary, oscillatory and finite-amplitude convection is shown graphically. It is found that the couple-stress parameter and the solute Rayleigh number have a stabilizing effect on stationary, oscillatory and finite-amplitude convection. The diffusivity ratio has a destabilizing effect in the case of stationary and finite-amplitude modes, with a dual effect in the case of oscillatory convection. The Vadasz number advances the onset of ...

2010-06-01

238

Double umbrella structure in terbium iron garnet

We have developed a transportable container based direct detection Doppler lidar based on the double-edge molecular technique. The pulsed solid state system was built at the University of Geneva. It was used to make range resolved measurements of the atmospheric wind field as part of the VALID campaign at the Observatoire de Haute Provence in Provence, France in July 1999. Comparison of our lidar wind measurements, which were analyzed without knowledge of the results of rawinsonde measurements made under the supervision of ESA, show good agreement with these rawinsondes. These are the first Doppler lidar field measurements made with an eyesafe direct detection molecular-based system at 355 nm and serve as a demonstrator for future spaceborne direct detection wind systems such as the Atmospheric Dynamics mission. Winds are an important contributor to sea surface temperature measurements made with the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and also affect the ...

2000-01-01

239

Development of cast-in-place concrete pile installation technique for application in the presence of artesian water; Hiatsu chikasui kasho ni okeru bashouchi kui sekoho no kaihatsu

The umbrella magnetic structure of the terbium iron garnet (TbIG) has been studied using neutron diffraction experiments peformed in the 4.2 to 650 K temperature range which covers both the Neel temperature (Tsub(N) = 550 +- 10 K) and the compensation temperature (Tsub(comp) = 244 +- 2 K). When T > Tsub(N), the observed peak intensities originate from nuclear contribution only. When Tsub(comp) < T < Tsub(N), the results have been interpreted in the Neel theory of ferrimagnetism. Below Tsub(comp), three salient features have been observed: there appears superstructure lines forbiden by the cubic space group Ia3d, whereas the other superstructure peaks are found absent contrary to other heavy rare earth garnets; the strongest reflexion (110) vanishes near Tsub(comp). The magnetic modes associated to the rhombohedral symmetry space group R(-3)c have been calculated; the two inequivalent magnetic sites C_1 and C'_1 of the Tb"3"+ ion have been described. The parameters of the ...

1984-04-10

240

Cotton plants expressing CYP6AE14 double-stranded RNA show enhanced resistance to bollworms

When a rotary excavator is operated at locations where there is artesian water, the aquiclude is fractured under pressure of the artesian water upon the penetration of the pile tip through the aquiclude. Since the equipment is provided with a gap for the reduction of friction between the casing and the excavation face, soil and sand near the pile tip burst forth out of the ground together with underground water through the casing or along the outer circumference of the casing. The newly contrived method introduced here is a double pipe process, in which a large casing (2.0m in diameter) is driven until it lands on the aquiclude, water is injected into the casing for the creation of equilibrium between the artesian head and the head in the casing, and finally a casing as large as the pile (1m in diameter) to be installed is used for the excavation of the artesian water section. Since February, 1996, 4 systems/16 legs have been operated for the installation of 96 ...

1998-11-05

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241

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RNA interference (RNAi) plays an important role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. Previously, we generated Arabidopsis and tobacco plants expressing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting a cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) P450 gene, CYP6AE14. Bollworms fed on transgenic dsCYP6AE14 plants showed suppressed CYP6AE14 expression and reduced growth on gossypol-containing diet (Mao et?al., in Nat Biotechnol 25: 1307?1313, 2007). Here we report generation and analysis of dsRNA-expressing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants. Bollworm larvae reared on T2 plants of the ds6-3 line exhibited drastically retarded growth, and the transgenic plants were less damaged by bollworms than the control. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that the CYP6AE1...

2011-01-01

242

Biophysical analysis of DNA modified by 1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum(II) complexes

Augmentation of heat transfer in a tube with an oscillating thin plate. Shindohen sonyu ni yoru enkannai netsudentatsu sokushin

Modification of DNA and double-stranded deoxyoligonucleotides with antitumor 1,2-diamino-cyclohexanedinitroplatinum(II) (Pt-dach) complexes was investigated with the aid of physico-chemical methods and chemical probes of nucleic acid conformation. The three Pt-dach complexes were used which differed in isomeric forms of the dach non-leaving ligand-Pt(1R,2R-dach), Pt(1S,2S-dach) and Pt(1R,2S-dach) complexes. The latter complex has lower antitumor activity than the other two Pt-dach complexes. Pt(1R,2S-dach) complex exhibits the slowest kinetics of its binding to DNA and of the conversion of monofunctional binding to bifunctional lesions. The anomalously slow electrophoretic mobility of multimers of the platinated and ligated oligomers suggests that bifunctional binding of Pt-dach complexes to a d(GG) site within double-stranded oligonucleotides induces bending of the oligomer. It is proposed that different effects of the Pt-dach complexes on DNA ...

1992-01-25

243

A singlet - triplet T_+ based qubit

An attempt is made to augment the heat transfer efficiency by means of inserting an oscillating thin plate into a tube of the shell and tube heat exchanger. However, the heat transfer augmenting mechanism has not been fully explained. To elucidate this heat transfer augmenting mechanism, an investigation was given on the heat transfer characteristics of a tube inlet at its preliminary run area when a double-hinged oscillating thin plate is inserted in the inlet. As a result of the experiment, the heat transfer augmentation in the tube as a result of inserting the double-hinged oscillating thin plate was found effective when the preliminary inlet run area is treated as the object. However, in comparison of the effect with the heat transfer in a fully developed turbulent region, it was {eta}- 1. The result thus obtained explains that no sufficient turbulence can be obtained when the deflection angle of the first oscillating plate is small, and ...

1991-09-01

244

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group study to assess the efficacy and safety of nebivolol, a novel beta-blocker, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

We theoretically model a nuclear-state preparation scheme that increases the coherence time of a two-spin qubit in a double quantum dot. The two-electron system is tuned repeatedly across a singlet-triplet level-anticrossing with alternating slow and rapid sweeps of an external bias voltage. Using a Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg model, we find that in addition to a small nuclear polarization that weakly affects the electron spin coherence, the slow sweeps are only partially adiabatic and lead to a weak nuclear spin measurement and a nuclear-state narrowing which prolongs the electron spin coherence. This resolves some open problems brought up by a recent experiment. We also show that the electronic two-spin states singlet and triplet T_+ are promising candidates for the implementation of a qubit in GaAs double quantum dots (DQD). A coherent superposition of the two-spin states is obtained by finite time Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg interferometry and ...

2010-03-21

245

Yttrium Calcium Oxyborate for high average power frequency doubling and OPCPA

This double-blind, multicenter, randomized placebo-controlled study evaluated the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of nebivolol, a selective beta1-adrenoreceptor blocker with vasodilating effects, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure [SiDBP] > or =95 mm Hg and < or =109 mm Hg). A total of 909 patients were randomized to receive placebo or nebivolol 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg once daily for up to 84 days. The primary end point was the change in trough SiDBP from baseline to study end. Nebivolol significantly reduced trough SiDBP (8.0-11.2 mm Hg compared with 2.9 mm Hg with placebo; P<.001) and trough sitting systolic blood pressure (a 4.4-9.5-mm Hg decrease compared with a 2.2-mm Hg increase [corrected] with placebo; P< or =.002). The overall adverse event experience was similar in the nebivolol (46.1%) and placebo (40.7%) groups (P=.273). Once-daily nebivolol is an effective antihypertensive in mild to ...

2007-09-01

246

Visual impact evaluation of a wind park in a Greek island

Significant progress has been achieved recently in the growth of Yttrium Calcium Oxyborate (YCOB) crystals. Boules have been grown capable of producing large aperture nonlinear crystal plates suitable for high average power frequency conversion or optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA). With a large aperture (5.5 cm x 8.5 cm) YCOB crystal we have demonstrated a record 227 W of 523.5nm light (22.7 J/pulse, 10 Hz, 14 ns). We have also demonstrated the applicability of YCOB for 1053 nm OPCPA.

2006-06-20

247

Viscoelastic locally resonant double negative metamaterials with controllable effective density and elasticity

The visual impact of wind turbines is one of the main factors affecting public acceptance of wind parks. This paper evaluates the visual impact of a wind park in Chania, Crete, using the Spanish method of evaluation. The outcomes are combined with the psychometric testing of the residents by the use of questionnaires and with the values of the Spanish method about various scenarios concerning the size of the wind park (double, half, one wind turbine). The results of the study prove that the quantification of the potential visual impact could minimize this, apparently, main reason that affects public acceptance. (author)

2009-04-15

248

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A metamaterial that is composed of solid viscoelastic elements with controllable properties is proposed in this Letter. This enables an adaptable and general acoustic metamaterial to be practically realised. An array of masses with a single elastic connection to a supporting viscoelastic structure, such as one that is dynamically equivalent to an array of Helmholtz resonators, only provides a system with negative effective mass. A local active control scheme applied to each of these masses can emulate additional elastic connections to the supporting structure. An array of masses with a suitable local control scheme can provide both the negative effective stiffness and mass required for negative refraction. The tuneable feedback control parameters determine the characteristics of the region...

2010-01-01

249

Tunable VUV generation by anti-Stokes stimulated Raman conversion of XeCl laser radiation

The utility of the SH01-195 spindle deflector

This paper reports on the results of experiments into efficient higher-order anti-Stokes Raman conversion of tunable short-pulse XeCl laser radiation. The maximum output energy of the pumping laser, in which the radiation of a frequency-doubled dye laser is amplified by two XeCl laser amplifiers, is 55 mJ with a pulse duration of 1 ns FWHM. Using hydrogen gas as a Raman medium, a series of anti-Stokes lines up to the 12th order (121.5 nm) is generated in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region. 16 references.

1987-06-01

250

The luminosity function of cluster pulsars

The All Union Scientific Research Institute of Drilling Techniques has developed the SH01-195 spindle deflector designed for use with the 195 millimeter turbodrill sections in place of the standard spindle. This spindle deflector is an axial support for the turbodrill, manufactured as a separate unit that attaches to the turbosections using the standard attachment configuration for series manufactured turbodrills, using the sub for attachment to the frame and a splined half coupling for attachment to the shaft. The spindle deflector itself consists of two parts connected by a curved sub through the frame and by a double hinge to the shaft. The hinge is isolated from axial forces by mounting radial support ball bearings above and below it.

1984-01-01

251

The influence of amino acids on the biomineralization of hydroxyapatite in gelatin.

We study luminosities of millisecond pulsars in globular clusters by fitting the observed luminosity distribution with single and double power laws. We use simulations to model the observed distribution as the brighter part of some parent distribution for Terzan 5 and try to find a model which simultaneously agrees with the observed diffuse radio flux, total predicted number of pulsars and observed luminosity distribution. We find that wide ranges of parameters for log-normal and power-law distributions give such good models. No clear difference between the luminosity distributions of millisecond pulsars in globular clusters and normal disk pulsars was seen.

2010-01-01

252

The behavior of bonded doubler splices for composite sandwich panels

The effects of pH on the calcium phosphate phase, of Tris and of amino acids, such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and serine on hydroxyapatite formation and morphology, were studied in double diffusion experiments. In this system, hydroxyapatite was only formed when the pH was around 7.4 or higher for the duration of the reaction. A decrease in pH resulted in the transformation of hydroxyapatite to octacalcium phosphate. Amino acids and Tris or the buffering capacity of Tris have an effect on the morphology of the synthetic hydroxyapatite. The presence of the additive results in spheres consisting of needles, blades or plates depending on the reaction system. PMID:12175941

2002-08-30

253

THE DEVIL AND CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT

The results of an investigation into the behavior of adhesively bonded doubler splices of two composite material sandwich panels are presented. The splices are studied from three approaches: analytical; numerical (finite elements); and experimental. Several parameters that characterize the splice are developed to determine their influence upon joint strength. These parameters are: doubler overlap length; core stiffness; laminate bending stiffness; the size of the gap between the spliced sandwich panels; and room and elevated temperatures. Similarities and contrasts between these splices and the physically similar single and double lap joints are discussed. The results of this investigation suggest several possible approaches to improving the strength of the sandwich splices.

1980-07-01

254

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The paper takes as its starting point the diffusion of ICT applications associated with so-called 'customer relationship management' (CRM). CRM encourages organisations to shift their understanding of customers from an episodic and transaction-based perspective to one that emphasises continuous 'relationship management'. CRM applications thus promise to deliver more, real-time accurate information about consumer habits and behaviours therefore allowing organisations to maximise their extraction of business value. This paper explores the ways in which such inscriptive technologies are not merely referential but also constitutive of contemporary re-presentations and ideals of the consuming subject. Focusing on what we might call the 'digital doubles' of customer relationship management the a...

2010-01-01

255

Study of Single W production in e-gamma collisions through the decay lepton spectrum to probe gamma-WW couplings

Structural integrity evaluation of fuel test loop submerged in water subjected to postulated pipe rupture

We investigate the effect of anomalous gamma-W-W couplings in e-gamma --> nu W through the angular and energy spectrum of the secondary leptons. Within the narrow-width approximation, a semi-analytical study of the secondary lepton energy-angle double distribution is considered. Utility of observables derived from this is demonstrated by considering the anomalous coupling, delta-kappa-gamma. Results of our investigation for typical ILC machine considered at Ecm = 300-1000 GeV re-affirms potential of this collider as a precision machine.

2011-01-01

256

Reactor Neutrino Experiments

The structural integrity of the Fuel Test Loop(FTL) in a Korean experimental reactor is evaluated when the FTL, submerged in a water environment, is subjected to a postulated pipe rupture. The analyses are performed under static and dynamic conditions, imposing the thrust force history at each postulated pipe rupture section. Through analysis the following results are found: 1) A double ended guillotine can not be expected based on the toughness of the material, 2) the structural integrity of the chimney surrounding the FTL would not impede the structural integrity by the pipe whip. All analyses are performed by finite element methods.

2000-02-01

257

Quality and availability of actinide isotopes from the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics in Arzamas-16

Precisely measuring $\\theta_{13}$ is one of the highest priority in neutrino oscillation study. Reactor experiments can cleanly determine $\\theta_{13}$. Past reactor neutrino experiments are reviewed and status of next precision $\\theta_{13}$ experiments are presented. Daya Bay is designed to measure $\\sin^22\\theta_{13}$ to better than 0.01 and Double Chooz and RENO are designed to measure it to 0.02-0.03. All are heading to full operation in 2010. Recent improvements in neutrino moment measurement are also briefed.

2007-01-01

258

Pure NQR quantum computing

This paper describes the problems and capabilities of highly enriched actinide isotopes production by electromagnetic separation in the S-2 mass separator of VNIIEF. Isotope enrichment characteristics for uranium, plutonium, americium and curium isotopes, used in different nuclear physics experiments, and isotope contamination for single and double separations are presented. The capabilities for highly enriched "2"4"4Pu and "2"4"8Cm production for nuclear accelerator experiments and other applications are described, some details of the current and future programmes are given and the transport packaging is described. (orig.).

259

Physics with Polarized Antiprotons

It is shown that pure NQR can be utilized as a platform for quantum computing without applying a high external magnetic field. By exciting each resonance transition between quadrupole energy levels with two radio-frequency fields differing in phase and direction, the double degeneracy of the spin energy spectrum in an electric field gradient is removed. As an example, in the case of I=7/2 (nuclei {sup 133}Cs or {sup 123}Sb) the energy spectrum has eight levels which can be used as three qubits. (orig.)

2002-07-01

260

Palliation of radiation-related mucositis

Polarized antiprotons produced by spin filtering with an internal polarized gas target provide access to a wealth of single- and double-spin observables, thereby opening a window to physics uniquely accessible with the HESR at FAIR. This includes a first measurement of the transversity distribution of the valence quarks in the proton, and a first measurement of the moduli and the relative phase of the time-like electric and magnetic form factors G{sub E,M} of the proton. In polarized and unpolarized pp-bar elastic scattering open questions like the contribution from the odd charge-symmetry Landshoff-mechanism at large |t| and spin-effects in the extraction of the forward scattering amplitude at low |t| can be addressed.

2006-04-15

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261

Overview of macroautophagy regulation in mammalian cells

Oral mucositis associated with head and neck radiotherapy can substantially hinder completion of cancer therapy. Alleviation of this often severe stomatitis can provide enhanced patient comfort and facilitate appropriate care. A double-blind format was used in a pilot project to measure, against a control rinse, the effectiveness of an oral rinse consisting of hydrocortisone, nystatin, tetracycline, and diphenhydramine in controlling radiation-related mucositis. A combination of clinical evaluation and patient responses to a questionnaire was used to judge the results of the topical medications. Patients using the experimental medication developed less mucositis than did patients in the control group.

1990-01-01

262

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Macroautophagy is a multistep, vacuolar, degradation pathway terminating in the lysosomal compartment, and it is of fundamental importance in tissue homeostasis. In this review, we consider macroautophagy in the light of recent advances in our understanding of the formation of autophagosomes, which are double-membrane-bound vacuoles that sequester cytoplasmic cargos and deliver them to lysosomes. In most cases, this final step is preceded by a maturation step during which autophagosomes interact with the endocytic pathway. The discovery of AuTophaGy-related genes has greatly increased our knowledge about the mechanism responsible for autophagosome formation, and there has also been progress in the understanding of molecular aspects of autophagosome maturation. Finally, the regulation of au...

2010-01-01

263

Orbits of Four Very Massive Binaries in the R136 Cluster

We present radial velocity and photometry for four early-type, massive double-lined spectroscopic binaries in the R136 cluster. Three of these systems are eclipsing, allowing orbital inclinations to be determined. One of these systems, R136-38 (O3 V + O6 V), has one of the highest masses ever measured, 57 Mo, for the primary. Comparison of our masses with those derived from standard evolutionary tracks shows excellent agreement. We also identify five other light variables in the R136 cluster which are worthy of follow-up study.

2001-01-01

264

Nuclear fission

Non-Standard Interaction Effects at Reactor Neutrino Experiments

V.M. STRUTINSKY's semi-classical method is the most precise to determine the energy of the different states along the fission way. The double-humped fission barrier explains fission isomerism. V.M. STRUTINSKY's barrier explains the ''intermediate structure'' observed in the cross section under the threshold; it provides also the observed effect of ''vibrational resonances'' with an interpretation. Taking an asymmetry parameter in consideration, a triple-humped fission barrier seems to be essential now for the light actinides. There is still a microscopic fission barrier to be explained.

1982-09-01

265

Methods to improve the fertility of poinsettia

We study non-standard interactions (NSIs) at reactor neutrino experiments, and in particular, the mimicking effects on \\theta_13. We present generic formulas for oscillation probabilities including NSIs from sources and detectors. Instructive mappings between the fundamental leptonic mixing parameters and the effective leptonic mixing parameters are established. In addition, NSI corrections to the mixing angles \\theta_13 and \\theta_12 are discussed in detailed. Finally, we show that, even for a vanishing \\theta_13, an oscillation phenomenon may still be observed in future short baseline reactor neutrino experiments, such as Double Chooz and Daya Bay, due to the existences of NSIs.

2008-01-01

266

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`Success' or `Red Splendor' plants propagated by shoot tip culture or embryogenesis had higher pollen germination than those propagated by cutting. All clones of `Pepride', `Peter Star' and `Nobel Star' propagated by cutting or by embryogenesis or shoot tip culture did not have viable pollen. `Peter Star' mutants through mutagenesis could recover pollen viability. When both parents were propagated by tissue culture, fruit set increased compared to when one or both parents were propagated by cuttings. Furthermore, the number of the harvested seeds doubled per pollination set, when the tissue culture parents were used instead of cutting-propagation plants.

2008-01-01

267

MOVPE of (AlGaIn)P under the carrier gas nitrogen for LED structures; MOVPE von (AlGaIn)P unter dem Traegergas Stickstoff fuer LED-Strukturen

Initiation transient in dilute explosives

This thesis dealt with the metal-organic gas phase epitaxy with nitrogen as carrier gas. For this first by means of three-dimensional modelings of the epitaxy process the influence of the carrier gas on the processes was explained. The optimization of the growth parameter for the whole light-emitting-diode structure in double-hetero arrangement resulted that an a temperature of 770 C and a V/ III-ratio of 150 layers with a high crystal quality could be reached.

2001-10-01

268

Hydraulic braking system for loads subjected to impacts and vibrations

In the context of the shock-initiation problem, we study analytically the first effects of chemistry, treating a small chemical heat release as a perturbation on an inert flow. Specifically, we study the initial transient in plane-shock initiation in a dilute explosive, where the chemical energy is small relative to the mechanical-thermal energy. The vehicle for the study is the mathematical analog for reactive flow. The solution resembles a double refraction: to first order, the pressure or density is a superposition of two forward-going waves, both originating at the rear boundary, and carrying the same function, but running at different velocities. Surprisingly, this first-order solution is independent of the sensitivity of the reaction rate to the state, which appears only at second order.

1981-01-01

269

Flue gas desulfurization system capabilities for coal-fired steam generators. Volume II. Technical report. Final task report apr-dec 77

This invention concerns a hydraulic braking system for loads subjected to impacts and vibrations. These double acting telescopic type hydraulic braking systems possess significant drawbacks linked to possibly important hydraulic leaks due to (a) the use of many dynamic seals in such appliances and (b) the effects of the environment of the system on these seals, particularly when employed in nuclear power stations where the seals reach significant temperatures and are subjected to radiation. Under this invention a remedy is suggested to such drawbacks by integrating means to offset automatically the leaks and the accumulation of hydraulic fluid expansions, as well as facilities to show if such leaks have occurred.

270

First results from the Lund NMP particle detector system

The availability of technology for reducing SO2 emissions from coal-fired steam generators using flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems is discussed. Foreign and domestic lime, limestone, double alkali, magnesium slurry, and Wellman-Lord FGD systems are described, and the design parameters and operating experiences are discussed. Steps that have been taken to achieve high system operability are discussed. Also, disposal of FGD system wastes is discussed briefly.

1978-03-01

271

First results from the Lund NMP particle detector system

The design and first results from a Double Sided Silicon Strip Detector (DSSSD) recently installed at the Lund Nuclear Microprobe facility (NMP) are presented. The detector has 64 sector strips and 32 ring strips, which in combination give more than 2000 detector cells, each with characteristics comparable with a standard surface barrier detector (SBD). The detector has been tested both with radioactive sources and with different ion beams and energies. The most striking features are the high rate virtually pile-up free operation and also the possibility of detailed measurement of angular distributions.

2009-06-15

272

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The design and first results from a Double Sided Silicon Strip Detector (DSSSD) recently installed at the Lund Nuclear Microprobe facility (NMP) are presented. The detector has 64 sector strips and 32 ring strips, which in combination give more than 2000 detector cells, each with characteristics comparable with a standard surface barrier detector (SBD). The detector has been tested both with radioactive sources and with different ion beams and energies. The most striking features are the high rate virtually pile-up free operation and also the possibility of detailed measurement of angular distributions.

2009-01-01

273

Extraction of selectively ionised atomic isotopes from a laser-induced plasma

Evaluation of the corrosion and corrosion-mechanical damage of the primary piping material of WWER-440/V213c units in operating conditions

A laser-induced plasma of alkali atoms was studied with a view to efficient recovery of isotope ions, with small charge exchange losses. The electron temperature was measured by the double-probe method for several kinds of excitation schemes, which gave the relationship between temperature and the energy given to ions by laser photons. A charge exchange process between lithium isotopes was also studied in an electromagnetic field. It was shown that optimum electrostatic and magnetic field strength exist which maximise the 'separative power'.

1982-10-14

274

Energy conservation by means of integrated systems; Beter resultaat door klimaatkwartet

The sensitivity of the primary circuit material was examined at the Mochovce and Dukovany NPPs. No significant sensitivity of the base material or the weld metal to the initiation of corrosion cracking was observed. Thermal aging was found to accelerate significantly the corrosion fatigue kinetics in the material of the heat affected zone. The threshold values of the double amplitudes of the stress intensity factor were below 8 MPa/m"2 for the materials examined, with a cycle asymmetry coefficient of 0.65. The tests revealed no appreciable sensitivity to general corrosion, pitting, or intergranular corrosion. (J.B.). 7 tabs., 26 figs., 11 refs.

275

Effects of top-quark anomalous decay couplings at {gamma}{gamma} colliders

Air conditioning is getting maximum attention these days when building new offices. For the new office building of the assurance company Zwitserleven in Amstelveen, Netherlands, a new air conditioning concept is applied, based on four existing air conditioning methods: cold storage and heat storage in the soil, heat pump, double-wall facades with integrated climate control, and radiant heating combined with a cooling system in the ceiling. The integration of these methods not only provides complete climate comfort for the employees but also substantial energy savings. 3 figs.,1 ills.

1995-11-01

276

Effects of top-quark anomalous decay couplings at #gamma##gamma# colliders

Most general tbW couplings were investigated in the process {gamma}{gamma} {yields} tt-bar {yields} l{sup {+-}}X for unpolarized photon beams. The double angular and energy distribution of the lepton was calculated and an optimal-observable analysis on it was carried out for the SM tt-bar production mechanism. It was also shown that the leptonic angular distribution is insensitive to non-standard tbW vertex. That means that observation of non-standard effects indicates existence of some new physics in the production part.

2002-11-01

277

Dual-energy projection radiography using condenser discharge x-ray generator and FCR. Determination of technical factors

Most general tbW couplings were investigated in the process #gamma##gamma# #-># tt-bar #-># l"#+-#X for unpolarized photon beams. The double angular and energy distribution of the lepton was calculated and an optimal-observable analysis on it was carried out for the SM tt-bar production mechanism. It was also shown that the leptonic angular distribution is insensitive to non-standard tbW vertex. That means that observation of non-standard effects indicates existence of some new physics in the production part.

2002-11-01

278

Dual-energy projection radiography using condenser discharge x-ray generator and FCR

In dual-energy projection radiography with double exposures, rapid energy switching is mandatory to eliminate motion artifacts, but it is costly for use in a clinical environment. We developed a system with practical exposure intervals at reasonable cost by modifying a condenser-type X-ray generator. A commercially available system for digital radiography (Fuji Computed Radiography, FCR) was used to subtract images. This report dealt with technical factors to obtain adequate kV and mAs settings in this technique.

1987-04-01

279

Double-lock ratchet mechanism revealing the role of ?SER-344 in F_oF₁ ATP synthase

In dual-energy projection radiography with double exposures, rapid energy switching is mandatory to eliminate motion artifacts, but it is costly for use in a clinical environment. We developed a system with practical exposure intervals at reasonable cost by modifying a condenser-type X-ray generator. A commercially available system for digital radiography (Fuji Computed Radiography, FCR) was used to subtract images. This report dealt with technical factors to obtain adequate kV and mAs settings in this technique. (author).

1987-01-01

280

Direct interactions in neutron inelastic scattering spectra

In a majority of living organisms, F_oF₁ ATP synthase performs the fundamental process of ATP synthesis. Despite the simple net reaction formula, ADP + P_i → ATP + H₂O,...Full Text Available

2011-03-22

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281

Denaturation of Heterogeneous DNA

Inelastically scattered neutron spectra and angular distributions measured for a number of nuclei at the 9.1 and 14.4 MeV incident neutron energies are fitted well as a sum of neutron evaporation spectrum and the direct interaction part. For the last one the practical scheme of parametrization based on direct interaction theory is presented. The relative contribution of direct interactions in double differential cross sections and parameters of neutron evaporation spectra have been evaluated. All results have a simple physical interpretation and may be useful at interpolating of data in a wide energy interval.

1976-07-06

282

Coherent bremsstrahlung in {alpha}+p reactions at 50 MeV/nucleon

The effect of pair-binding energy variations on the denaturation of double stranded DNAs is investigated. Using a two-parameter renormalization group (RG) analysis and extensive transfer matrix calculations, we find a random quenched-in variations to be marginally irrelevant, indicating that the system is self-averaging at the transition. The effect of a recently-proposed variable backbone stiffness is also investigated. Although irrelevant in the RG sense, it dramatically amplifies the randomness, leading to the appearance of ``multi-step melting'' for realistic sequences. These results are relevant to the adsorption of random heteropolymers and the wetting of disordered substrates.

1997-01-01

283

Coherent Synchrotron Radiation as a Diagnostic Tool for the LCLS Longitudinal Feedback System

Bremsstrahlung emitted in the {alpha}+p reaction at 50 MeV/nucleon was studied using a 200 MeV {alpha}-particle beam and a liquid hydrogen target. Double-differential photon cross sections were measured over a wide range of angles and energies. Coherent bremsstrahlung was found to be strong for all photon energies. The cross section is enhanced at the highest photon energies and is characteristic of direct capture to the unbound {sup 5}Li ground and first excited state. With direct capture as a limiting case of coherent bremsstrahlung a consistent reaction picture can be obtained.

1999-07-26

284

Bend loss for channel plasmon polaritons

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) will be the world's first x-ray free-electron laser (FEL). To ensure the vitality of FEL lasing, a longitudinal feedback system is required together with other diagnostics. In this paper, we study the possibility of using Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) from the chicane as a diagnostic tool for bunch length feedback. Studies show that CSR is a good candidate, even for a non-Gaussian, double-horn longitudinal charge distribution as in the LCLS. We further check the possibility for detecting possible microbunching.

2005-06-15

285

Application of the digital waveform analysis to Bragg curve spectrometer

Using near-field optical microscopy, the authors investigate propagation of channel plasmon polaritons excited in the wavelength range of 1425-1640 nm along smoothly bent and split V-shaped grooves milled in a gold film. We find that for 0.6-?m-wide and 1.1-?m-deep grooves bent with the smallest curvature radius of ?0.83 ?m, the double bend (for S bends) and splitting (for Y splitters) losses decrease for longer wavelengths approaching (in the wavelength range of 1600-1640 nm) the levels of ~0 and 0.5 dB, respectively.

2006-10-01

286

Angular scattering in electron capture and loss D/sup -/ beam formation processes

Energy and angular double-differential cross-section (DDX) data of fragment production reactions by neutrons or protons are very scarce due to experimental difficulties of fragment detection. We adopted a Bragg curve spectrometer (BCS), which is a gridded-ionization chamber that can identify fragments on the basis of the Bragg peak value. We have been developing the BCS for neutron and proton-induced reactions applying the digital waveform analysis technique to obtain better ability of particle discrimination than the analog electronic circuit. (T. Tanaka)

2004-11-01

287

Advances in imaging THGEM-based detectors

The development of high energy (> 150 keV) neutral beams for heating and fueling magnetic fusion devices depends on the ability to produce well-collimated negative ion beams. The double capture charge-exchange technique is a known, scalable method. In order to maximize the overall efficiency of the process and to achieve the desired beam characteristics, it is necessary to examine the optical qualities of the beams as well as the total efficiency of beam production. A combined modeling and experimental study of the angular scattering effects in negative ion formation and loss processes has therefore been undertaken.

1980-01-01

288

A multi agent model for the limit order book dynamics

We report on recent measurements with Thick GEM-like (THGEM)-based imaging detectors. The THGEM is a robust gaseous electron multiplier similar to GEM but with larger dimensions. It has high electron multiplication, of 105 and 107 in single- and double-THGEM structure, respectively, fast signals and ?10MHz/mm2 counting rate capability. It can be produced in any shape and over large area. In view of many possible applications of THGEM-based imaging detectors, in particle physics and beyond, we have recently studied the localization properties of a 2D 10x10cm2 detector. The results of these studies are presented.

2007-03-01

289

A measurement of the cross section for electron impact ionization of Ar"2"+, Kr"2"+ and Xe"2"+

In the present work we introduce a novel multi-agent model with the aim to reproduce the dynamics of a double auction market at microscopic time scale through a faithful simulation of the matching mechanics in the limit order book. The agents follow a noise decision making process where their actions are related to a stochastic variable, the market sentiment, which we define as a mixture of public and private information. The model, despite making just few basic assumptions over the trading strategies of the agents, is able to reproduce several empirical features of the high-frequency dynamics of the market microstructure not only related to the price movements but also to the deposition of the orders in the book.

2010-11-01

290

A Two-Step Etching Method to Fabricate Nanopores in Silicon

The crossed electron-ion beams technique was used to measure absolute cross sections for single ionization of Ar"2"+, Kr"2"+ and Xe"2"+ ions at electron energies ranging from threshold to 2000 eV. In contrast to some previous measurements, the metastable contents of the ion beams were small even in the case of Xe"2"+. All measured cross section curves show significant contributions from excitation-autoionization and possibly direct ionization of inner-shell electrons. There is evidence for resonance-excitation-double-autoionization in the case of Xe"2"+. (author).

291

Root-knot nematode management in double-cropped plasticulture vegetables.

A cost effectively method to fabricate nanopores in silicon by only using the conventional wet-etching technique is developed in this research. The main concept of the proposed method is a two-step etching process, including a premier double-sided wet etching and a succeeding track-etching. A special fixture is designed to hold the pre-etched silicon wafer inside it such that the track-etching can be effectively carried out. An electrochemical system is employed to detect and record the ion diffusion current once the pre-etched cavities are etched into a through nanopore. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can cost effectively fabricate nanopores in silicon.

2008-01-01

292

Optimizing the Protocol for Pulmonary Cryoablation: A Comparison of a Dual- and Triple-Freeze Protocol

Combination treatments of chisel-injected fumigants (methyl bromide, 1,3-D, metam sodium, and chloropicrin) on a first crop, followed by drip-applied fumigants (metam sodium and 1,3-D +/- chloropicrin) on a second crop, with and without oxamyl drip applications were evaluated for control of Meloidogyne incognita in three different tests (2002 to 2004) in Tifton, GA. First crops were eggplant or tomato, and second crops were cantaloupe, squash, or jalapeno pepper. Double-cropped vegetables suffered much greater root-knot nematode (RKN) pressure than first crops, and almost-total yield loss occurred when second crops received no nematicide treatment. On a first crop of eggplant, all fumigants provided good nematode control and average yield increases of 10% to 15 %. On second crops, higher application rates and fumigant combinations (metam sodium and 1,3-D +/- chloropicrin) improved RKN control and increased yields on average by 20% to 35 % compared to the ...

2006-03-01

293

Lesion localization in patients with hyperparathyroidism using double-phase Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy

The purpose of this study was to compare a double freeze-thaw protocol to a triple freeze-thaw protocol for pulmonary cryoablation utilizing an in vivo porcine lung model. A total of 18 cryoablations were performed in normal porcine lung utilizing percutaneous technique with 9 each in a double- (10-5-10) and triple-freeze (3-3-7-7-5) protocol. Serial noncontrast CT images were obtained during the ablation. CT imaging findings and pathology were reviewed. No imaging changes were identified during the initial freeze cycle with either protocol. However, during the first thaw cycle, a region of ground glass opacity developed around the probe with both protocols. Because the initial freeze was shorter with the triple freeze-thaw protocol, the imaging findings were apparent sooner with this protocol (6 vs. 13 min). Also, despite a shorter total freeze time (15 vs. 20 min), the ablation zone identified with the triple freeze-thaw protocol was not ...

2010-12-01

294

Double-antibody solid-phase radioimmunoassay: a simplified phase-separation procedure applied to various ligands

This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of double-phase Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with hyperparathyroidism. We also evaluated the relationship between Tc-99m MIBI uptake and oxyphil cell contents in parathyroid glands. The subjects were 28 parathyroid glands of 10 patients who underwent Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy and parathyroidectomy for clinically suspected hyperparathyroidism. Early and delayed pinhole images were obtained at 15 minutes and 2 hours after injection of Tc-99m MIBI, and SPECT images were followed. The weight and oxyphil cell contents of parathyroid tissue were obtained from pathologic specimen, and the scintigraphic findings were compared with histopathology. In surgical histopathology, 6 parathyroid adenomas and 9 parathyroid hyperplasias were confirmed. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of early and delayed ...

1999-02-01

295

Double-antibody solid-phase radioimmunoassay: a simplified phase-separation procedure applied to various ligands

The purpose was to develop a simplified and reliable method of separating free from antibody-bound ligand using a precipitating antibody linked to a cellulose derivative. Dose-response curves and control sera were set up in parallel for various pituitary and placental polypeptides, steroid hormones, insulin, glucagon, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, angiotensin I, calcitonin, gastrin, cyclic AMP, and digoxin. After first-antibody reactions had reached equilibrium, free and bound ligand were separated using a double-antibody solid-phase system in parallel with conventional methods, including dextran-coated charcoal, double-antibody precipitation, single-antibody solid phase, organic solvents, salt precipitation, and anion-exchange resins. The effect of variations in temperature, incubation time, protein content, pH, and amount of separating material added were studied. The results showed that separation was complete within 1 hr for small ligand ...

1980-06-01

296

Design of a propulsion system with double-layer power capacitors and soft-switched converters for a hybrid automobile

The purpose was to develop a simplified and reliable method of separating free from antibody-bound ligand using a precipitating antibody linked to a cellulose derivative. Dose-response curves and control sera were set up in parallel for various pituitary and placental polypeptides, steroid hormones, insulin, glucagon, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, angiotensin I, calcitonin, gastrin, cyclic AMP, and digoxin. After first-antibody reactions had reached equilibrium, free and bound ligand were separated using a double-antibody solid-phase system in parallel with conventional methods, including dextran-coated charcoal, double-antibody precipitation, single-antibody solid phase, organic solvents, salt precipitation, and anion-exchange resins. The effect of variations in temperature, incubation time, protein content, pH, and amount of separating material added were studied. The results showed that separation was complete within 1 hr for small ligand ...

297

AlGaInP double heterostructure visible-light laser diodes with a GaInP active layer grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy

This thesis examines the design of a propulsion system for a series hybrid vehicle and includes the study of an energy storage unit using double-layer capacitors and a lightweight soft-switched converter system, and two new components in series hybrid vehicles. The development of environmentally sustainable vehicles is more urgent now given the fact that pollution levels are ever increasing. No electric vehicle has yet been developed that can compete with a normal vehicle based only on internal combustion engines. The dilemma lies in the difficulty of storing the amount of energy needed and supply it a high power levels. An attractive and viable option to reducing pollution and maintaining good performance may lie in hybrid electric-powered vehicles. The double-layer power capacitors are an interesting option because of their high power density and long lifetime. The devices are new and assembling large energy storage units must be thoroughly ...

2001-07-01

298

CO2 Capture by Absorption with Potassium Carbonate

AlGaInP double heterostructure laser diodes with a GaInP active layer constitute a basic laser structure for visible-light lasers using an AlGaInP alloy system. This paper gives a detailed description of (Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1 - x/)/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth, laser-fabrication processes, and basic device-characteristics for these lasers. The obtained pulsed-threshold-current was about 3.8 kA/cm/sup 2/(3.2 kA/cm/sup 2/ minimum) for laser diodes with an 8-10 /n//m wide and 150-300 ..mu..m long injection stripe. High characteristic-temperature T/sub o/ for the temperature dependence of pulsed threshold current was obtained and was found to be dependent on band-gap-energy differences between active layers and cladding layers. The maximum value for T/sub o/ was 222 K. The lasing wavelength of an AlGaInP double heterostructure laser diode with a GaInP active layer was found to depend on growth conditions and dopant ...

1987-06-01

299

[High-dose thalamonal-rohypnol for premedication. A randomized double-blind study].

The objective of this work is to improve the process for CO{sub 2} capture by alkanolamine absorption/stripping by developing an alternative solvent, aqueous K{sub 2}CO3 promoted by piperazine (PZ). Pilot plant testing was performed in a 16.8-inch ID absorber and stripper with recirculation of air and CO{sub 2}. Three solvents (7 m MEA, 5 m K{sup +}/2.5 m PZ, and 6.4 m K{sup +}/1.6 m PZ) were tested in four campaigns with three different absorber packings. Pilot plant testing established that 5 m K{sup +}/2.5 m PZ requires two times less packing than 7 m MEA and three times less packing than 6.4 m K{sup +}/1.6 m PZ. A rigorous model of the thermodynamics and mass transfer was developed in the RateSep{trademark} block of AspenPlus{reg_sign}. The double matrix stripper reduces energy consumption by 5 to 15%. The best K{sup +}/PZ solvent, 4 m K{sup +}/4 m PZ, and the best process configuration, double matrix stripper with a ...

2007-08-31

300

Well Test Analysis in Naturally Fissured, Geothermal Reservoirs with Fracture Skin

The combination of fentanyl and droperidol, Innovar, was compared to flunitrazepam (1-2 mg) in a higher dosage (2.5-5 ml) for i.m. premedication. We measured psychological (ESB) and physiological (blood pressure, heart rate, p.cortisol) stress parameters before and after premedication. Side effects were registered. The day after surgery the patients were asked about the quality of premedication. Flunitrazepam reduced anxiety; Innovar did not. After Innovar the feeling of weakness increased significantly compared to flunitrazepam. Two patients panicked and refused operation. Other severe side effects were not observed. There were slight advantages for flunitrazepam on physiological stress. Patients were more satisfied with flunitrazepam than with Innovar premedication. The results show that Innovar also in a higher dosage cannot be recommended for premedication. PMID:6391270

1984-10-01

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301

Waste heat recovery systems in the sugar industry: An Indian perspective

Mineral deposition or alteration is commonly found at fracture-block interfaces is fissured, geothermal reservoirs. In response to pressure reduction in the fissures such mineralization, if less permeable than the matrix rock, will retard the flow of fluid from the blocks to the fissures and is termed fracture skin in this paper. The problem of fluid flow to a production well in a double-porosity reservoir with fracture skin was analyzed theoretically. One of the findings of the analysis was that fully transient block-to-fissure flow can be approximated by pseudo-steady state flow if fracture skin permeability is sufficiently low. Type curves generated by numerical inversion of Laplace transform solutions are used to cooroborate the results of a finite-difference model of steam transport to a well in a naturally fissured, geothermal reservoir with fracture skin.

1983-12-15

302

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This article identifies the key role of the sugar industry in the rural development of developing countries. The Indian sugar industry, already second largest among the country`s processing industries, shows even greater potential, according to the Plan Documents (shown in a table). The potential of waste heat in sugar processing plants, which produce white crystal sugar using the double sulphitation clarification process, is estimated at 5757.9 KJ/kg of sugar. Efficient waste heat recovery (WHR) systems could help arrest the trend of increasing production costs. This would help the sugar industry not only in India, but in many other countries as well. The innovative methods suggested and discussed briefly in this article include dehydration of prepared cane, bagasse drying, and juice heating using waste heat. These methods can reduce the cost of energy in sugar production by at least 10% and improve efficiency and productivity.

1996-04-01

303

W.E.B. Du Bois

Abstract This article introduces some of the key philosophical contributions of W. E. B. Du Bois. Du Bois studied with Santayana and William James (among others), but chose social science, social theory, journalism, and activism over academic philosophy. Despite this detour, the philosophic depth of his work has won the attention of scholars in fields such as history, English, post colonial theory, African American Studies, American philosophy, and Africana philosophy, and it has belatedly begun to attract the interest of philosophers more generally. This brief overview will explore the philosophical dimensions of some of Du Bois s best known positions his claims about the color line and the Talented Tenth, his argument with Booker T. Washington, and his account of double consciousness. Th...

2010-01-01

304

Using highly excited baryons to catch the quark mass

Ultrafast fluorescence dynamics of Sybr Green I/DNA complexes

Chiral symmetry in QCD can be simultaneously in Wigner and Goldstone modes, depending on the part of the spectrum examined. The transition regime between both, exploiting for example the onset of parity doubling in the high baryon spectrum, can be used to probe the running quark mass in the mid-IR power-law regime. In passing we also argue that three-quark states naturally group into same-flavor quartets, split into two parity doublets, all splittings decreasing high in the spectrum. We propose that a measurement of masses of high-partial wave Delta* resonances should be sufficient to unambiguously establish the approximate degeneracy and see the quark mass running. We test these concepts with the first computation of the spectrum of high-J excited baryons in a chiral-invariant quark model.

2009-01-01

305

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The ultrafast dynamics of the DNA fluorescent dye Sybr Green I (SG) has been studied in buffer, single-stranded (ssDNA), double-stranded (dsDNA) and triple-stranded DNA (tsDNA). The fluorescence quantum yield of SG increases dramatically when bound to DNA (including tsDNA). The fluorescence dynamics of the free SG has shown two decay components with 0.15-0.4ps and 1.3-2.1ps time constants, depending on the fluorescence wavelength. Upon binding to DNA, the dynamics becomes slower exhibiting four decay components. This is mainly due to the restriction of the internal motions of the dye caused by the relatively rigid environment of the dye complexed with DNA.

2010-01-01

306

UPS fine structures of highest occupied band in vanadyl-phthalocyanine ultrathin film

Tumor necrosis factor-? is associated with positive lymph node status in patients with recurrence of colorectal cancer?indications for anti-TNF-? agents in cancer treatment

Ultraviolet photoelectron spectra were measured for vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc) ultrathin films prepared on graphite to study effects of the molecular orientation and the electric dipole layer on the organic electronic states. VOPc has a permanent electric dipole perpendicular to the molecular plane, hence a well-defined electric dipole layer could be intentionally prepared by using the oriented monolayer. The observed binding-energy difference of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) bands between the oriented monolayer and the double layer was found to agree with the vacuum level shift, leading to a conclusion that the molecular energy level with respect to the substrate Fermi level is changed when the molecule is in the electric dipole layer.

2005-06-15

307

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Introduction The progressive growth of malignancies is accompanied by a decline in the immune response through mechanisms which are poorly understood. Apoptosis and induction of inflammation by tumor released cytokines as tumor escape mechanisms have been proposed to play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods Expression of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) was analyzed in colorectal cancer specimen and the cancer cell line HT-29 by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. TNF-? expression on protein and mRNA level were correlated with clinical characteristics and impact on survival. TNFR-1 was co-labelled with TNF-? and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in immunofluorescence double staining experiments. Results: 94% (n?=?98/104) of the patients with CRC expressed TNF-?. High TNF-? express...

2011-01-01

308

Transverse Imaging of the Proton in Exclusive Diffractive pp Scattering

Transformation by complementation of an adenine auxotroph of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium

In a forthcoming paper we describe a new approach to rapidity gap survival (RGS) in the production of high-mass systems (H = dijet, Higgs, etc.) in exclusive double-gap diffractive pp scattering, pp -> p + H + p. It is based on the idea that hard and soft interactions are approximately independent (QCD factorization), and allows us to calculate the RGS probability in a model-independent way in terms of the gluon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) in the colliding protons and the pp elastic scattering amplitude. Here we focus on the transverse momentum dependence of the cross section. By measuring the ''diffraction pattern'', one can perform detailed tests of the interplay of hard and soft interactions, and even extract information about the gluon GPD in the proton from the data.

2006-04-20

309

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in adolescent depression

Swollen basiodiospores of an adenine auxotroph of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were protoplasted with Novozyme 234 and transformed to prototrophy by using a plasmid containing the gene for an adenine biosynthetic enzyme from Schizophyllum commune. Transformation frequencies of 100 transformants per {mu}g of DNA were obtained. Southern blot analysis of DNA extracted from transformants demonstrated that plasmid DNA was integrated into the chromosomal DNA in multiple tandem copies. Analysis of conidia and basiodiospores from transformants demonstrated that the transforming character was mitotically and meiotically stable on both selective and nonselective media. Genetic crosses between double mutants transformed for adenine prototrophy and other auxotrophic strains yielded Ade{sup {minus}} progeny, which indicated that integration occurred at a site(s) other than the resident adenine biosynthetic gene.

1989-02-01

310

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Objective: There are few safe and effective biological treatments for major depression in adolescents. We aimed to report the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a treatment for adolescents with this condition. Methods: The first two subjects in a double-blind, sham-controlled trial of rTMS that is evaluating the efficacy and safety of rTMS in depressed adolescents are described. Clinical response was assessed at baseline and at the end of each week. The following scales were used: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression - Child Scale. A battery of cognitive tests was also used at several intervals to measure potential change in neuropsycholo...

2006-01-01

311

Three-Dimensional Mixed Convection Heat and Mass Transfer in a Rectangular Duct: Case of Longitudinal Rolls

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This article presents numerical study of 3-D thermosolutale mixed convection (TSMC) in horizontal rectangular channels. The contribution of this work is to characterize the travelling wave's appearance and to generalize the behavior of Poiseuille-Rayleigh-Benard (PRB) systems for a broad range of dimensionless parameters, which control the double diffusive mixed convection. The numerical results consist of analyzing the flow regimes of the steady longitudinal thermoconvectives rolls for the case of purely thermal mixed convection (TMC) and for both thermal and mass transfer (TSMC). The transition from opposed volume forces to cooperating ones at fixed Rayleigh (Ra), Reynolds (Re), and Lewis (Le) numbers, considerably affects the birth and the development of the longitudinal rolls (noted R/...

2011-01-01

312

Thermal noise as a spectroscopic tool to determine transport properties

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The utilization of thermal fluctuations or Johnson/Nyquist noise as a spectroscopic method to determine transport properties in conductors or semiconductors is developed. The autocorrelation function is obtained from power spectral density measurements thus enabling electronic transport property calculation through the Green-Kubo formalism. This experimental approach is distinct from traditional numerical methods such as molecular dynamics simulations, which have been used to extract the autocorrelation function and directly related physics only. This work reports multi-transport property measurements consisting of the electronic relaxation time, resistivity, mobility, diffusion coefficient, electronic contribution to thermal conductivity and Lorenz number from experimental data. Double va...

2009-01-01

313

The microscopic dynamics of condensed parahydrogen

The hidden secrets of the E-center in Si and Ge

We have measured the almost-pure incoherent scattering function of liquid and solid parahydrogen, using inelastic neutron scattering. The experiments were carried out on TOSCA, a time-of-flight, inverse-geometry, crystal-analyzer spectrometer, operating on the pulsed neutron source at ISIS (UK). The experiments have been planned taking advantage of the intrinsic incoherence introduced in the scattering process by the rotational transitions. The measured double-differential cross section gives a direct experimental access to the microscopic dynamics of condensed hydrogen. From the high-energy region of the spectrum, where the impulse approximation for the center of mass motion applies, we have been able to extract the translational mean kinetic energy. In the low-energy region, using the Gaussian approximation, we compare the experimental data in the liquid phase with the results of a model for the velocity autocorrelation function. The results are encouraging, but ...

2002-07-01

314

The effect of lidocaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine in nasal packs on pain and hemorrhage after septoplasty

The group- V vacancy pair, the so-called E-center, has recently been demonstrated to have, both in Si and Ge, more complicated energy-level schemes in the energy gap than were previously assumed. The E-center in silicon has, in addition to its well-established single-acceptor level in the upper half of the band gap, also a donor level in the lower half of the band gap; this donor level has lain hidden for more than 40 years. The E-center in Ge has an even more complicated level scheme as it induces, in addition to two levels analogous to those found in Si, also a double-acceptor level in the upper half of the band gap. Thus the E-center in Si can exist in three charge states and the E-center in Ge in four.

2007-12-15

315

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We aimed to investigate the effects of local anesthetics soaked in Merocel nasal packs on hemorrhage and pain after septoplasty. The methodology includes a prospective double-blind study that was conducted in patients undergoing septoplasty because of nasal septal deviation. The study included 143 patients. The patients were divided into four groups. Each group received 1% lidocaine?+?0.000625% adrenalin, 0.375% ropivacaine, 0.25% bupivacaine as study groups or 0.9% sodium chloride as a control group in their Merocel packs postoperatively. The local anesthetics or sodium chloride were reapplied at the eighth postoperative hour. Each patient was given a questionnaire where verbal analog score and amount of postoperative hemorrhage was noted. The statistical analysis was performed using two ...

2011-01-01

316

Temperature dependence of threshold current of injection lasers for short pulse excitation

Target space duality I: general theory

We report measurements of the temperature dependence of the threshold current of GaAs, 1.3-..mu..m InGaAsP, and 1.5-..mu..m InGaAsP double heterostructure lasers using short electrical pulses. T/sub 0/approx.200 K is observed for all the lasers. These high T/sub 0/ values show that the carrier density at threshold does not increase rapidly with increasing temperature in any of the lasers studied and thus the observed low cw T/sub 0/ of InGaAsP lasers is primarily due to a decrease of the carrier lifetime at threshold with increasing temperature.

1984-05-15

317

Synthesis by plasma and characterization of semiconductor compounds derived of polyacetylene; Sintesis por plasma y caracterizacion de compuestos semiconductores derivados del poliacetileno

We develop a systematic framework for studying target space duality at the classical level. We show that target space duality between manifolds M and M-tilde arises because of the existence of a very special symplectic manifold. This manifold locally looks like MxM-tilde and admits a double fibration. We analyze the local geometric requirements necessary for target space duality and prove that both manifolds must admit flat orthogonal connections. We show how abelian duality, nonabelian duality and Poisson-Lie duality are all special cases of a more general framework. As an example we exhibit new (nonlinear) dualities in the case M=M-tilde=R{sup n}.

2000-09-25

318

Synthesis and study of the antifungal activity of new mono- and disubstituted derivatives of a genetically engineered polyene antibiotic 28,29-didehydronystatin A1 (S44HP)

In this work it is made a study of the structure and electric properties of chlorate polyethylene (PE-CI) with double and simple bonds obtained by continuous plasma with resistive coupling to 13.5 MHz. The synthesis conditions are power between 10 and 14 W and pressure of (6-7) x 10{sup -2} Torr. The synthesized PE-Cl in that way is soluble in acetone what indicates that probably is formed of short chains and not it shows the generalized inter crossing that is presented in some syntheses by plasma and that it can degrade the electric properties of these polymers. The IR and XPS analysis show the vibration of the C-C, C=C and C-CI bonds. The morphology of the polymer after being dissolved shows a compact and flat configuration. The electric conductivity has an approximately lineal behavior in an interval of 35 to 90% of relative humidity. (Author)

2003-07-01

319

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Mono- and disubstituted novel derivatives of the heptaene nystatin analog 28,29-didehydronystatin A1 (S44HP, 1) were obtained by chemical modification of the exocyclic C-16 carboxyl and/or an amino group of mycosamine moiety. The strategy of preparation of mono- and double-modified polyene macrolides was based on the use of intermediate hydrophobic N-Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) derivatives that facilitated the procedures of isolation and purification of new compounds. The antifungal activity of the new derivatives was first tested in vitro against yeasts and filamentous fungi, allowing the selection of the most active compounds that were subsequently tested for acute toxicity in mice. 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylamide of 1 (2) and 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylamide of N-fructopyranosyl-28...

2010-01-01

320

Study of duality in the transition region at Jlab

Study of an efficient application of the tagged bremsstrahlung in double-polarization experiments in the GeV range and the use of the inelastic electron scattering under extremely forward angles as alternative to the tagged bremsstrahlung; Studie eines effizienten Einsatzes der markierten Bremsstrahlung bei Doppelpolarisationsexperimenten im GeV-Bereich und der Nutzung der inelastischen Elektronstreuung unter extremen Vorwaertswinkeln als Alternative zur markierten Bremsstrahlung

Inclusive double spin asymmetries obtained by scattering polarized electrons off polarized protons and deuterons have been analyzed to address the issue of quark-hadron duality in the polarized spin structure functions g^p_1 and g^d_1. A polarized electron beam, solid polarized NH_3 and ND_3 targets and the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) in Hall B were used to collect the data. The resulting g^p_1 and g^d_1 were averaged over the nucleon resonance energy region (M < W < 2.00 GeV), and three lowest lying resonances individually for tests of global and local duality.

2007-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

321

Soret and Dufour effect on double diffusion mixed convection from a vertical surface in a porous medium saturated with a non-Newtonian fluid

For the preparation of photonic probes for hadron physics the determination of energy and polarization of the photons is essential. In this dissertation in a first part a possibility of the determination of the degree of polarization by use of the asymmetry observables is presented. In a second part a possibility isd discussed to perform an energy and polarization tagging of nearly real photons in electron scattering under small Q{sup 2}. By this method it should be possible to tag billions of photons per second.

2006-03-15

322

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A non-similar boundary layer analysis is presented to study the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of non-Darcian mixed convection of a non-Newtonian fluid from a vertical isothermal plate embedded in a homogeneous porous medium with the effect of Soret and Dufour and in the presence of either surface injection or suction. The value of the mixed-convection parameter lies between 0 and 1. In addition, the power-law model is used for non-Newtonian fluids with exponent n1 for dilatant fluids. Furthermore, the coordinates and dependent variables are transformed to yield computationally efficient numerical solutions that are valid over the entire range of mixed convection, from the pure forced-convection limit to the pure free-conve...

2010-01-01

323

Shape of tachyons

Sensitive characteristics of BAMO/NMMO/AN propellants; BAMO/NMMO/AN kei suishinyaku no kando tokusei

We study some aspects of the experimental behaviour of tachyons, in particular by finding out their <> shape. A Superluminal particle, which in its own rest frame is spherical or ellipsoidal (and with an infinite lifetime), would <> to a laboratory frame as occupying the whole region of space bound by a double cone and a two sheeted hyperboloid. Such a structure (the tachyon <>) rigidly travels with the speed of the tachyon. However, if the Superluminal particle has a finite lifetime in its rest frame, then in the laboratory frame it gets a finite space extension. As a by-product, we are able to interpret physically the imaginary units entering - as is well known - the transverse co-ordinates in the Superluminal Lorentz transformations. The various particular or limiting cases of the tachyon shape are thoroughly considered. Finally, some brief considerations concerning possible experiments to look for ...

1982-10-21

324

Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) for non-psychotic disorders in children and adolescents: A review of the randomized controlled studies

Very important performances in the practical use of solid propellants are combustion and physical properties. Among the present solid propellants, composite propellants used ammonium perchlorate (AP) as oxidizers are adopted widely now due to these excellent performances. Recently, a combination of ammonium nitrates (AN) as oxidizers and azido polymers as binders in expected as the propellants which control decrease of combustion properties and satisfy unsensitivity. However, in order to use these azido polymers/AN propellants in practice, further, it is necessary to improve the specific impulse and the burning rate. In this report, aiming to improve the combustion properties of BAMO/NMMO/AN propellants, the sensitivity and the combustion properties of propellants added high energetic plasticizers in binders, further, displaced a part of AN to cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) and double based base-grain (BG) are described. 8 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

1998-01-01

325

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In children and adolescents the Second Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs) represent the class of psychotropic drugs whose use has grown more significantly in recent years: they are primarily used for treatment of patients with disruptive behavior disorders, mood disorders and pervasive developmental disorders or mental retardation. In order to compare the efficacy and tolerability of antipsychotics against placebo or each other, a systematic Medline/PubMed search for randomized, double blind studies on SGA in patients younger than 18years of age at enrolment, was conducted. Papers on schizophrenia, discussed in another article of this specific issue, were excluded by the efficacy analysis. A set of standard efficacy and safety indices, such as treatment effect sizes (ES), the Numbers Needed ...

2011-01-01

326

Searching for the Neutrino Mixing Angle Theta-13 at Reactors

Rotary Mode Core Sample System availability improvement

Two neutrino mixing angles have been measured, and much of the neutrino community is turning its attention to the unmeasured mixing angle, $\\quq$, whose best limit comes from the reactor neutrino experiment CHOOZ.\\cite{bib:chooz} New two detector reactor neutrino experiments are being planned, along with more ambitious accelerator experiments, to measure or further limit $\\quq$. Here I will overview how to measure $\\quq$ using reactor neutrinos, mention some experiments that were considered and are not going forward, and review the current status of four projects: Double Chooz in France, Daya Bay in China, RENO in South Korea and Angra in Brazil. Finally I will mention how the neutrino observer can gauge progress in these projects two years from now as we approach the times corresponding to early estimates for new results.

2007-01-01

327

Role of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cationic surfactant) on the tryptophan-MnO4- reaction

The Rotary Mode Core Sample System (RMCSS) is used to obtain stratified samples of the waste deposits in single-shell and double-shell waste tanks at the Hanford Site. The samples are used to characterize the waste in support of ongoing and future waste remediation efforts. Four sampling trucks have been developed to obtain these samples. Truck I was the first in operation and is currently being used to obtain samples where the push mode is appropriate (i.e., no rotation of drill). Truck 2 is similar to truck 1, except for added safety features, and is in operation to obtain samples using either a push mode or rotary drill mode. Trucks 3 and 4 are now being fabricated to be essentially identical to truck 2.

1995-02-28

328

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Upon addition of permanganate to a solution of tryptophan (Trp), yellow-brown color species appears within the time of mixing of tryptophan in absence and presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which was stable for some days. Spectroscopic and kinetic evidences suggest the formation of water-soluble colloidal MnO2 as the most stable reduction product of MnO4-. Carbon dioxide and ammonia are not formed as the oxidation products. Carbon-carbon double bond of indole moiety of Trp is responsible for the fast reduction of permanganate. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide catalyses the permanganate oxidation of Trp with a rate enhancement of ca. 200-fold. Sub- and postmicellar catalytic effect of CTAB ascribed to the association/incorporation/solubilization of both reactants (MnO4- and Tr...

2009-01-01

329

Reference equilibrium core with central flux irradiation facility for Pakistan research reactor-1

Randomised, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate co-trimoxazole to reduce mortality and morbidity in HIV-infected post-natal women in Zambia (TOPAZ)

In order to assess various core parameters a reference equilibrium core with Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) fuel for Pakistan Research Reactor (PARR-1) was assembled. Due to increased volume of reference core, the average neutron flux reduced as compared to the first higher power operation. To get a higher neutron flux an irradiation facility was created in centre of the reference equilibrium core where the advantage of the neutron flux peaking was taken. Various low power experiments were performed in order to evaluate control rods worth and neutron flux mapping inside the core. The neutron flux inside the central irradiation facility almost doubled. With this arrangement reactor operation time was cut down from 72 hours to 48 hours for the production of the required specific radioactivity. (author)

2008-07-01

330

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary Objective- To evaluate the role of prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) antibacterial prophylaxis in reducing morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected post-natal women in southern Africa. Methods- Double-blind placebo-controlled trial. HIV-infected women with WHO stage 2 or 3 HIV disease who had recently delivered in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia were randomised to receive daily co-trimoxazole (cotox) or matched placebo daily for the duration of the trial. Participants were followed up for a minimum of 1-year. Primary outcome measures were mortality from any cause or hospital admission and serious adverse events. Results- Of 600 women randomised, follow-up information was available from 355 (18...

2011-01-01

331

Quantification of the thrombogenicity of Dacron aortic prostheses

Proton-proton scattering above 3 GeV/c

Eight patients with double-velour Dacron aorto-femoral grafts implanted for 2-60 months were studied. Indium-111-labelled platelets were found to have a shortened mean platelet lifespan (MPLS) of 138 +- 32 hours compared with the normal platelet lifespan of 224 +- 23 hours. Labelled platelets accumulated on all grafts, irrespective of graft age, to a maximum of 1,80 +- 0,83% of whole body radioactivity; thereafter graft radio-activity decreased. This suggests that platelets on the graft are in dynamic equilibrium with those in the circulation. Platelets may be lost from the graft by embolization or radioactivity may be released because of platelet lysis. Although MPLS may depend on the age and surface area of the graft, concomitant arterial disease probably also contributes to the shortened MPLS.

332

Proton emission in reaction of 14.6 MeV neutrons with natural iron

A large set of data on proton-proton differential cross sections, analyzing powers and the double-polarization parameter A{sub NN} is analyzed employing the Regge formalism. We find that the data available at proton beam momenta from 3GeV/c to 50GeV/c exhibit features that are very well in line with the general characteristics of Regge phenomenology and can be described with a model that includes the {rho}, {omega}, f{sub 2}, and a{sub 2} trajectories and single-Pomeron exchange. Additional data, specifically for spin-dependent observables at forward angles, would be very helpful for testing and refining our Regge model. (orig.)

2010-09-15

333

Prevention of nuclear war

The energy spectra and angular distributions of proton emission in a reaction of {sup nat}Fe(n,xp) at a neutron energy of 14.6 MeV are measured by the University of Science and Technology of China multitelescope system. The double-differential cross sections of 16 reaction angles from 25 to 164.5 deg are obtained in this measurement. The statistical errors are reduced largely because of the thick target used. The angular distributions show a slightly energy-dependent forward-backward asymmetry. The angle-integrated proton spectrum is compared with theoretical calculations and other results. The total proton-emission cross section is in fair agreement with the prediction and evaluation.

1996-01-01

334

Precise lithium isotopic analysis by thermal ionization mass spectrometry using lithium phosphate as an ion source material

Physicians are exercising their responsibility as healers in their efforts to prevent nuclear war. Death for Hiroshima survivors was experienced in four stages: the immediate impact of destruction, the acute impact of radiation, delayed radiation effects, and later identification as an atomic bomb survivor. Each phase had its physical and psychological impacts and negates Hiroshima as a model for rational behavior despite those who claim survival is possible for those who are prepared. The psychic effects of modern nuclear, chemical, and germ warfare need to be challenged with a symbolization of life and immortality. Studies of psychological reactions to the terror children felt during practice air-raid drills indicate that the fears can be surpressed and re-emerge in adult life as a linking of death with collective annihilation. Other themes which emerge are feelings of impermanence, craziness, identification with the bomb, and a double existence. Psychic numbing ...

1980-10-01

335

Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the CAPACITY program

A high-precision Li isotope analysis was developed for determining the Li"+ ion emitted from lithium phosphate as an ion source material by a Re double-filament ionization method in the thermal ionization mass spectrometry. In this method, Li isotopic fractionation is distinctly less sensitive to the filament temperature than those in the previous methods, and stable and high ion beam intensity of more than 8 x 10"-"1"1 A for "7Li is obtained. These advantages in determining the "7Li/"6Li ratio result in the analytical reproducibility of 0.26 per mille (1#sigma#). Furthermore, the sample preparation is simple and the low temperature (850degC) required by this method ensures the analysis of the isotopic composition of small amounts of Li with less influence of Li contamination to the sample, compared with the previous methods. (author).

336

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most lethal form of diffuse lung fibrosis, killing approximately half of those affected within 2-3 years of diagnosis. Until recently, no therapies had been shown to have an impact on disease progression. The Clinical Studies Assessing Pirfenidone (Esbriet) in IPF: Research of Efficacy and Safety Outcomes (CAPACITY) program comprised two almost identical double-blind placebo-controlled studies assessing the effects of pirfenidone on change in forced vital capacity, the primary end point, over a 72-week period. One of these studies was positive, matching in magnitude the benefit seen in two previous positive Japanese studies. The other study did not meet its primary end point but positive trends were consistent in this and a number of secondary end point...

2011-01-01

337

Photodegradation of flupentixol in aqueous solution under irradiation at 254nm: Identification of the photoproducts generated

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

After irradiation at 254nm of aqueous solutions of the antipsychotic drug flupentixol, the structures of the photodegradation products were determined by ultra high performance liquid-chromatography linked to mass spectrometry. Fragmentation patterns of the parent ions were established on a hybrid linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometer allowing accurate mass measurements of both parent and daughter ions. This allowed to propose plausible structures for the main photolysis products of flupentixol. A total of nine photoproducts were detected after irradiation of the drug. The main photoproduct is generated following the addition of a hydroxyl group on the double bond adjacent to the thioxanthene ring. Secondary photoproducts were also observed.

2010-01-01

338

Phenotyping in the archaea: optimization of growth parameters and analysis of mutants of Haloferax volcanii

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract A method to grow the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii in microtiter plates has been optimized and now allows the parallel generation of very reproducible growth curves. The doubling time in a synthetic medium with glucose is around 6-h. The method was used to optimize glucose and casamino acid concentrations, to clarify carbon source usage and to analyze vitamin dependence. The characterization of osmotolerance revealed that after a lag phase of 24-h, H. volcanii is able to grow at salt concentrations as low as 0.7-M NaCl, much lower than the 1.4-M NaCl described as the lowest concentration until now. The application of oxidative stresses showed that H. volcanii exhibits a reaction to paraquat that is delayed by about 10-h. Surprisingly, only one of two amino acid auxotrophi...

2011-01-01

339

Phase transition in a simple plasma model

Oral administration of the purple passion fruit peel extract reduces wheeze and cough and improves shortness of breath in adults with asthma

A phase transition of gas-liquid type with an upper critical point is examined which arises in a model of charges of one sign on compensating background (OCP). The phase transition parameters are dependent on the detailed assumptions about the compressibility of the background, but the occurrence of this transition is independent on the background equation of state. In the electron-gas model ('jellium'), this transition appears to rule out Wigner crystallization. A variational principle in statistical mechanics is used to derive so-called Double-OCP model for a superposition of two one-component plasma models for charges of opposite sign. The free energy of this model sets an upper bound to that of a real plasma. Situations are discussed where this transition should manifest itself in anomalies in the approximate description of a non-ideal plasma.

2009-01-01

340

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Asthma, affecting as many as 400 million individuals worldwide, is one of the most prevalent chronic health condition in the United States. With an increasing number of patients with asthma and the frequent inability of conventional lifestyle modification and therapy to effectively control the problem, nutritional and dietary therapies are being sought. This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of the purple passion fruit peel (PFP) extract, a novel mixture of bioflavonoids, on asthma symptoms. Patients with asthma were studied in a 4-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial with oral administration of PFP extract (150 mg/d) or placebo pills. The effects of PFP extract were evaluated by assessing the clinical symptoms of asthma and spirometry tests. Most clinical...

2008-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

341

Optimum arrangements of the phase conductors of overhead transmission lines for the electric field minimization

Optimum arrangements of the phase conductors of overhead transmission lines for the electric field minimization

The magnitude of electric and magnetic fields around a high voltage three-phase transmission line was studied. A three-phase transmission circuit with parallel conductors produces rotating elliptic electric and magnetic fields. This study investigated the optimum arrangement of the phase conductors to minimize the maximum value of the magnetic flux density and to minimize the intensity of the resultant electric field. Two different types of high voltage double circuit transmission lines of 400 kV were considered. The optimum arrangement of the phase conductors was determined. It was concluded that the optimum arrangement can be easily applied to already constructed high voltage transmission lines by properly interchanging the phase conductors at the substations. 10 refs., 1 tab., 4 figs.

1997-12-31

342

Nonlinear response and stability of a spindle system supported by Ball bearings

The magnitude of electric and magnetic fields around a high voltage three-phase transmission line was studied. A three-phase transmission circuit with parallel conductors produces rotating elliptic electric and magnetic fields. This study investigated the optimum arrangement of the phase conductors to minimize the maximum value of the magnetic flux density and to minimize the intensity of the resultant electric field. Two different types of high voltage double circuit transmission lines of 400 kV were considered. The optimum arrangement of the phase conductors was determined. It was concluded that the optimum arrangement can be easily applied to already constructed high voltage transmission lines by properly interchanging the phase conductors at the substations. 10 refs., 1 tab., 4 figs.

1997-08-24

343

Nonlinear conductivity with an extremely small threshold electric field in the organic conductor (TSM-TTP)(I3)5/3

In this effort, the nonlinear responses and stability of a spindle system supported by ball bearings are presented. The dynamics of this system is described by a set of second order differential equations with a nonlinear piecewise smooth force. The Floquet theory is applied to investigate the stability of the periodic solution. Due to the loss of contact between the raceways and balls in the ball bearing, the bending of the frequency response curves switch to the left at the weak resonance region, which is similar to the frequency response curves of a system with a soft spring. With the decrease of the bearing clearance, the bending of the frequency response curves switch to the right, which is similar to the frequency response curves of a system with a hard spring. Increase of the frequency ratio, the bending of frequency response curves transforms from left to right. The route to chaos through a period doubling process is also observed in this spindle-bearing ...

2010-09-15

344

Nitriding using cathodic cage technique of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 with addition of CH{sub 4}

(TSM-TTP)(I3)5/3 is a 1/6 -filled one-dimensional system composed of an extended donor molecule which has two tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units in a molecule, where TSM-TTP is 2,5-bis[4,5-bis(methylseleno)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene. Nonlinear conductivity is observed in the insulating state below 20K , and the metallic state is restored above a very small threshold electric field of 0.3V/cm at 4.2K . The extremely sensitive nonlinearity is ascribed to the inhomogeneous insulating state generated by the weak and disordered anion potentials on the otherwise highly conducting intramolecular charge order state in the double-TTF molecule.

2007-06-01

345

Negative group velocity from resonances in two-dimensional phononic crystals

Samples of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 were nitrided using the cathodic cage technique with the addition of methane in the nitriding atmosphere. The aim was to study the influence of this technique in reducing the precipitation of chromium nitrite and in improving the wear resistance. The results show that there was a significant improvement in such properties when compared to the results of ionic plasma nitriding. Formation of a double layer, one more internal composed of carbon and another with high nitrogen content, was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The microhardness profile of the layer showed an increase in hardness values and a larger uniformity, while X-ray analysis showed less chromium nitriding precipitation when compared with results obtained for samples treated using ionic plasma nitriding.

2008-07-25

346

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We investigate two routes to obtain negative group velocity bands in two-dimensional phononic crystal structures. The negative dispersion originates from the resonances of sub-wavelength building blocks and as such, the system should be regarded as acoustic metamaterials. The first kind of acoustic metamaterial exhibits effectively negative bulk modulus and negative mass density simultaneously. Monopolar and dipolar Mie resonances are combined to achieve an effective medium with negative refractive index. In particular, we present a double negative metamaterial for airborne sonic waves. We then show that we can obtain negative group velocity from quadrupole resonances, and the result is explained using the quasi-static approximation. The negative dispersion in quadrupole bands cannot be de...

2010-01-01

347

Monitoring noise-resonant effects in cancer growth influenced by spontaneous fluctuations and periodic treatment

Modeling of phosphorus diffusion in Ge accounting for a cubic dependence of the diffusivity with the electron concentration

In the paper we investigate a mathematical model describing the growth of tumor in the presence of immune response of a host organism. The dynamics of tumour and immune cells is based on the generic Michaelis-Menten kinetics describing interaction and competition between the tumour and the immune system. The appropriate phenomenological equation modeling cell-mediated immune surveillance against cancer is of the predator-prey form and within a given choice of parameters exhibits bistability. Under the influence of spontaneous weak fluctuations, the model may be analyzed in terms of a stochastic differential equation bearing the form of an overdamped Langevin-like dynamics in the external quasi-potential represented by a double well. We analyze properties of the system within the range of parameters for which the potential wells are of the same depth and when the additional perturbation describing a periodic treatment is insufficient to overcome the barrier height ...

2007-01-01

348

Microwave excitation of a CO/sub 2/ laser. Master's thesis

Up to now, P diffusion in Ge is modeled with an effective diffusivity involving at most a quadratic dependence with the free electron concentration (n). However, recent theoretical studies suggest the existence of a triply negatively charged state for the free vacancy in germanium and experimental data indicate that the E center (PV pair) in Ge has a double acceptor state. These two facts would be consistent with a diffusivity model involving a cubic dependence with n. In this paper the validity of this approach is checked for both pure thermal diffusion (intrinsic and extrinsic) and implanted phosphorus, using either our own experiments or other data available from the literature. Although some discrepancies still exist in some cases for the redistribution of implanted P, it is shown that the introduction of this cubic dependence significantly improves the overall agreement as compared with the usual model.

2010-02-26

349

Microradiographic examination with the mammographic device 'TUR' after enossal implantation of glass ceramics (bio-vitroceramics)

A flowing carbon dioxide laser was operated at low pressures up to 4 torr. Excitation of the laser was provided using various combinations of direct current (DC), pulsed microwave, and continuous wave (CW) microwave excitation. The microwaves were in the 2.45 GHz band and were coupled into the gas using a slow-wave interdigital transmission line. Laser output of 25 milliwatts (mw) was achieved using a DC discharge only. A combination of a DC discharge and pulsed microwaves doubled the output and resulted in some modulation. Changing the laser gas mixture and pulsed microwave field characteristics allowed some flexibility in the modulation. Lasing was not achieved with excitation from the CW microwaves alone due to the formation of localized discharges. Using pulsed microwaves to sustain the discharge and CW microwaves to pump the laser, a quasi-CW output of 55 mw was achieved.

1983-12-01

350

Microradiographic examination with the mammographic device 'TUR' after enossal implantation of glass ceramics (bio-vitroceramics)

As to all sinter variations the microradiographic analysis showed that about 86 to 90 % of the implant surface were enclosed split-free with newly formed bone 16 weeks post operationem. A silicat salt addition of the test variation Ap_4_0KS_1_5 and Ap_4_0KS_3_0 did not cause a negative influence on bone regeneration. On the surface of all test implants a double layer was revealed radiologically, consisting of a 30 - 40 #mu#m thick bone near X-ray impermeable area and an X-ray permeable area of maximum 120 #mu#m thickness directed to the nucleus of the implant.

351

Metallointercalators and Metalloinsertors

As to all sinter variations the microradiographic analysis showed that about 86 to 90 % of the implant surface were enclosed split-free with newly formed bone 16 weeks post operation. A silicate salt addition of the test variation Ap/sub 40/KS/sub 15/ and Ap/sub 40/KS/sub 30/ did not cause a negative influence on bone regeneration. On the surface of all test implants a double layer was revealed radiologically, consisting of a 30 - 40 ..mu..m thick bone near X-ray impermeable area and an X-ray permeable area of maximum 120 ..mu..m thickness directed to the nucleus of the implant.

1984-01-01

352

Metallo-intercalators and metallo-insertors.

Since the elucidation of the structure of double helical DNA, the construction of small molecules that recognize and react at specific DNA sites has been an area of considerable interest. In particular, the study of transition metal complexes that bind DNA with specificity has been a burgeoning field. This growth has been due in large part to the useful properties of metal complexes, which possess a wide array of photophysical properties and allow for the modular assembly of an ensemble of recognition elements. Here we review recent experiments in our laboratory aimed at the design and study of octahedral metal complexes that bind DNA non-covalently and target reactions to specific sites. Emphasis is placed both on the variety of methods employed to confer site-specificity and upon the many applications for these complexes. Particular attention is given to the family of complexes recently designed that target single base mismatches in duplex DNA through ...

2007-09-20

353

Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in SLE

Since the elucidation of the structure of double helical DNA, the construction of small molecules that recognize and react at specific DNA sites has been an area of considerable interest. In particular, the study of transition metal complexes that bind DNA with specificity has been a burgeoning field. This growth has been due in large part to the useful properties of metal complexes, which possess a wide array of photophysical attributes and allow for the modular assembly of an ensemble of recognition elements. Here we review recent experiments in our laboratory aimed at the design and study of octahedral metal complexes that bind DNA non-covalently and target reactions to specific sites. Emphasis is placed both on the variety of methods employed to confer site-specificity and upon the many applications for these complexes. Particular attention is given to the family of complexes recently designed that target single base mismatches in duplex DNA through ...

2007-09-20

354

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background. A 19-year-old girl was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, based on findings of arthritis, malar rash, positive antinuclear antibody test and high levels of antibodies to double-stranded DNA. Two months after diagnosis, the patient presented with a sudden drop in blood hemoglobin level. Several days later, she developed bloody sputum, rapidly progressive dyspnea and hypoxemia. High-resolution CT showed diffuse alveolar infiltrates in both lung fields.Investigations. Physical examination, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, urinalysis, 24-h urine protein excretion, fecal occult blood test, d-dimer test, acid hemolysis test, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, direct and indirect Coombs tests, bone marrow smear, arterial blood ga...

2010-01-01

355

Measurements of bragg curve for 75 MeV/u "1"2C ion beam and its inactivation effect on melanoma cells

Measurement of fission cross sections for nuclear transmutation on Am-241, Am-242m and Am-243 using lead slowing-down spectrometer

Relative doses of 75 MeV/u "1"2C ion beam after passing through different thickness of degraders were measured with the double ionization chamber method. The degrader's thickness equalized to penetration depth of the beam in water and its Bragg curve were obtained. The measured Bragg curve is compared with that calculated based on a model set up by the authors. Meanwhile, the inactivation effect of the ion beam passing through different thickness of degraders on melanoma (B_1_6) cells was measured, and the corresponding survival fraction data for B_1_6 cells were acquired

1998-08-01

356

Measurement of fission cross sections for Am-241, Am-242m and Am-243 with linac-driven lead slowing-down spectrometer

Making use of a lead slowing-down spectrometer coupled to a 46 MeV electron linear accelerator and a back-to-back type double fission chamber, the fission cross sections of Am-241, Am-242m and Am-243 have been measured relative to that of U-235 from 0.1 eV to 10 keV with the energy resolution of about 40 % full width at half maximum. Each of the measured result has been compared with (1) the evaluated nuclear data in ENDF/B-VI and JENDL-3.2, and (2) the existing experimental data, for which the evaluated and the experimental data were broadened by the energy resolution function of the spectrometer. (author)

1997-12-31

357

Measurement of fission cross sections for Am-241, Am-242m and Am-243 with linac-driven lead slowing-down spectrometer

Making use of a back-to-back type double fission chamber and a lead slowing-down spectrometer driven by a 46 MeV electron linear accelerator, the fission cross sections of Am-241, Am-242m and Am-243 have been measured relative to that of U-235 from 0.1 eV to 10 keV with the energy resolution of about 40 % full width at half maximum. Each of the measured result has been compared with (1) the evaluated nuclear data in ENDF/B-VI and JENDL-3.2, and (2) the existing experimental data, whose evaluated and measured data were broadened by the energy resolution function of the spectrometer.

1998-08-01

358

Mass transfer in horizontal flow channels with thermal gradients

Making use of a back-to-back type double fission chamber and a lead slowing-down spectrometer driven by a 46 MeV electron linear accelerator, the fission cross sections of Am-241, Am-242m and Am-243 have been measured relative to that of U-235 from 0.1 eV to 10 keV with the energy resolution of about 40% full width at half maximum. Each of the measured result has been compared with (1) the evaluated nuclear data in ENDF/B-VI and JENDL-3.2, and (2) the existing experimental data, whose evaluated and measured data were broadened by the energy resolution function of the spectrometer. (author)

1999-02-01

359

Mass transfer in horizontal flow channels with thermal gradients

Mass transfer to a wall of a horizontal rectangular channel reactor was investigated by the limiting current technique for Reynolds numbers ranging from 200 to 32000. Overall mass transfer coefficients at various mass transfer surface angles were obtained while the reactor was operated under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Dimensionless correlations were developed for isothermal flows from 25 to 55{sup o}C and for non-isothermal flows with applied temperature differences up to 30{sup o}C. In the laminar flow range natural convection dominated, but under turbulent conditions combined natural and forced convection prevailed. Mass transfer was approximately doubled under optimum selection of channel surface rotation, temperature gradient and flow rate. (author)

1997-12-15

360

Magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of manganese substituted cobalt ferrite

Mass transfer to a wall of a horizontal rectangular channel reactor was investigated by the limiting current technique for Reynolds numbers ranging from 200 to 32000. Overall mass transfer coefficients at various mass transfer surface angles were obtained while the reactor was operated under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Dimensionless correlations were developed for isothermal flows from 25 to 55"oC and for non-isothermal flows with applied temperature differences up to 30"oC. In the laminar flow range natural convection dominated, but under turbulent conditions combined natural and forced convection prevailed. Mass transfer was approximately doubled under optimum selection of channel surface rotation, temperature gradient and flow rate. (author)

1997-12-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

361

Longer exaggerated male genitalia confer defensive sperm-competitive benefits in an earwig

The magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of polycrystalline Co1-xMnxFe2O4 (0 ? x ? 0.4) have been studied. Although the Curie temperature decreases continuously with increasing concentration of Mn, the magnetization remains high up to x = 0.3 and unexpectedly low coercivity is observed for this composition showing an unusual magnetostrictive behaviour. This composition shows a relatively larger magnetostriction at low fields. Moreover, the strain derivative which is the slope of the magnetostriction curve at low magnetic fields is almost doubled and the field at which maximum magnetostriction is observed is reduced to almost half for 30% of Mn substitution. The results show that x ? 0.3 in Co1-xMnxFe2O4 is an optimum composition with superior magnetostrictive properties for many applications.

2007-06-07

362

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

As evidence mounts that male genitalia can affect relative fertilisation success, the role that sexual selection has played in the rapid and divergent evolution of genitalia is becoming increasingly recognized. Unfortunately, the limited functional understanding of these complex structures and their interactions with the female reproductive tract often limit interpretation regarding their evolution. Here, we address this issue using the earwig Euborellia brunneri, where both the male intromittent organ and the female spermatheca are highly exaggerated in length yet structurally simple. In a double mating design, we use the sterile male technique to study how sperm precedence patterns are affected by male genital length, male age, and the size of the male sperm storage organ, the seminal ve...

2011-01-01

363

Light weight underground pipe or cable installing device

Laboratory studies of the diffusive transport of 137Cs and 60Co through potential waste repository soils

This invention pertains to a light weight underground pipe or cable installing device adapted for use in a narrow and deep operating trench. More particularly this underground pipe installing device employs a pair of laterally movable gates positioned adjacent the bottom of the operating trench where the earth is more solid to securely clamp the device in the operating trench to enable it to withstand the forces exerted as the actuating rod is forced through the earth from the so-called operating trench to the target trench. To accommodate the laterally movable gates positioned adjacent the bottom of the narrow pipe installing device, a pair of top operated double-acting rod clamping jaws, operated by a hydraulic cylinder positioned above the actuating rod are employed.

1985-01-08

364

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Tests using reconstituted samples have been performed to assess the diffusive transport of 137Cs and 60Co through natural regolith materials from a region in South Australia being considered for a radioactive waste repository. A double diffusion cell apparatus made of polycarbonate resin was developed to estimate the effective diffusion (De) and sorption coefficients (Kd) that allowed large withdrawals from the source and collector cells and has enabled tests with low concentrations of radioactivity. An alternative to porous stainless steel filter plates has also been used to reduce uncertainty in test interpretation. Analysis of the transient data used a staged method of the Laplace transform to take into consideration the volume of the samples withdrawn from the apparatus during testing....

2010-01-01

365

Job satisfaction patterns of scientists and engineers by status of birth

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The latest figures published by the Science and Engineering Indicators report reveals that in 2003, 33% of faculty in science and engineering departments at research universities were foreign-born, a number that has more than doubled in thirty years. Foreign-born faculty members comprise an important part of the scientific enterprise that has been understudied. The purpose of this study is to examine the job satisfaction patterns of scientists and engineers by status of birth using a very large and comprehensive National Science Foundation (NSF) dataset, the Survey of Doctoral Recipients (SDR). The results of the study indicate that foreign-born scientists and engineers are less satisfied in several areas of their work life as compared to their US-born peers.

2011-01-01

366

Iopentol in cardioangiography

Investigation of electronic traps in disordered organic semiconductors via thermally stimulated current measurements

Iopentol (350 mg I/ml) has been compared with iohixol (350 mg I/ml) in a double-blind randomized parallel group trial with 32 and 35 patients receiving iopentol and iohexol, respectively. Coronary angiography and left ventriculography were performed, and the mean total volume injected was 124 ml of iopentol and 135 ml of iohexol . There were no statistically significant differences regarding changes in heart rate and frequency of adverse advents, which were the primary parameters, between the two groups of patients. Blood pressure and ECG parameters revealed only minor fluctuations which were of no clinical relevance. The visualization of the coronary arteries and the left ventricle were the same with both contrast media, as was the diagnostic quality. The results support the use of iopentol in cardioangiography. (author). 1 ref.; 5 tabs.

367

Investigation of Hg volatile losses from samples and standards during neutron activation analysis

Charge transport in disordered organic semiconductors is generally described as thermally activated hopping in a gaussian distribution of localized states. The presence of charge traps is critical to the performance of organic electronic devices, since trapped charge carriers do no longer contribute to the current flow. The trap distribution in the polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is investigated by applying the fractional thermally stimulated current technique. Thereby, a low temperatur double-peak distribution has been revealed. One of the peaks is believed to belong to the tail of the intrinsic density of states, whereas the other trap is strongly affected by exposure to oxygen. We discuss the influence of oxygen exposure time on the trap distribution.

2008-07-01

368

Interface-induced conversion of infrared to visible light at semiconductor interfaces

The losses of Hg from phenol formaldehyde resin - bound standards and hair samples in neutron activation analysis in case of their irradiation in the water filled nuclear reactor channel is studied. The mean losses of Hg during 20-30 hrs irradiation at (2-3)x10"1"8 n/cm"2 are 15-20% with their stopping at double Al-covers. The mean losses of Hg from standards at 200, 250 and 300 deg C are 30, 61 and 86% respectively and do not occur at 150 deg C after their 5 hour heating. The losses of Hg from hair samples packed in polyethylene tubes through the package walls in experimental conditions are not observed.

369

In situ strain measurements during the formation of palladium silicide films

Efficient, low-temperature conversion of infrared light into visible light (red, orange, green) is reported at single heterojunctions and undoped quantum wells of GaAs and ordered Al_xGa_1_-_xInP_2; an increase in photon energy of 700 meV is obtained. The signal originates from the high-band-gap layers and disappears only if the excitation energy is tuned below the GaAs band gap. The intensity of the up-converted photoluminescence (PL) is found to decrease significantly slower with increasing temperature than that of the regular PL and it remains observable up to 200 K. Interface-induced cold Auger processes along with the presence of trapped states for both electrons and holes in these ordered alloys account for this nonlinear mechanism. A colinear double-beam experiment confirms this. copyright 1996 The American Physical Society.

370

Importance of serum source for the in vitro replicative senescence of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells

The evolution of strain in the Pd-Si system during the growth of Pd{sub 2}Si thin films on Si (100) substrate has been followed in situ using a double optical beam technique. As was observed for the Pt-Si system, the reaction to form Pd{sub 2}Si yields a compressive intrinsic surface film stress as well as for the silicon-rich suicides as proposed by Angilello et al. [Thin Film Interfaces and Interactions, edited by J. Baglin and J. Poate (The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1980)]. A transmission electron microscopy analysis has revealed grain growth during the formation of Pd{sub 2}Si which cannot account for the compressive film stresses. The formation of silicide at the interfaces rather than the overall change in volume agrees with the sign of the stresses formed. 29 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

1993-03-01

371

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) may be used for therapeutic applications. Culture conditions such as the serum source may impact on cell quality and the onset of replicative senescence. We have examined the effect of culturing hMSCs in autologous serum (AS) versus fetal bovine serum (FBS) on factors involved in in vitro replicative senescence. hMSCs from four donors were cultured in 10% FBS or 10% AS until they reached senescence. Cells were harvested at early passage and near senescence to study factors known to be involved in cellular senescence. The number of population doublings till senescence was similar for cells cultured in FBS, but varied greatly for hMSCs cultured in AS. FBS cells accumulated in S phase of cell cycle. This could not be explained by increased express...

2011-01-01

372

Homologous radioimmunoassay for human prolactin

Hanford Waste Management Plan, 1987

Although thee are descriptions of a range of radioimmunoassays for human prolactin in various biological fluids, only one of these is an homologous assay using human prolactin as the reference standard and tracer as well and an anti-human prolactin antiserum (Sinha, Y.N., Selby, F.W.; Lewis, U.; and Vanderlaan, W.P., 1973, J. Clin. Endocr., Vol. 36, 509). A homologous radioimmunoassay using human putuitary prolactin has been developed. The separation method is based on the double antibody solid phase system. Cross reactivity with human growth hormone (GH), placental lactogen (HPL), the pituitary protein hormones and prolactins of various species were studied as were values found in normal subjects in basal conditions and after a TRH injection. (author).

373

Grain size effects on the tensile properties and deformation mechanisms of a magnesium alloy, AZ31B, sheet

The purpose of the Hanford Waste Management Plan (HWMP) is to provide an integrated plan for the safe storage, interim management, and disposal of existing waste sites and current and future waste streams at the Hanford Site. The emphasis of this plan is, however, on the disposal of Hanford Site waste. The plans presented in the HWMP are consistent with the preferred alternative which is based on consideration of comments received from the public and agencies on the draft Hanford Defense Waste Environmental Impact Statement (HDW-EIS). Low-level waste was not included in the draft HDW-EIS whereas it is included in this plan. The preferred alternative includes disposal of double-shell tank waste, retrievably stored and newly generated TRU waste, one pre-1970 TRU solid waste site near the Columbia River and encapsulated cesium and strontium waste.

1987-01-01

374

Geometric configuration factors for polygonal zones using Nusselt's unit sphere

The grain size dependence of the tensile properties and the deformation mechanisms responsible for those properties are examined for Mg alloy, AZ31B, sheet. Specifically, the Hall-Petch effect and strain anisotropy (r-value) are characterized experimentally, and interpreted using polycrystal plasticity modeling. {1 0 . 2} extension twins, {1 0 . 1} contraction twins, and so-called 'double-twins' are observed via microscopy and diffraction-based techniques, and the amount of twinning is found to increase with increasing grain size. For the sheet texture and tensile loading condition examined, {1 0 . 2} extension twinning is not expected, yet the polycrystal plasticity model predicts the observed behavior, including this 'anomalous' tensile twinning. The analysis shows that the Hall-Petch strength dependence, of the polycrystal as a whole, is primarily determined by the grain size dependence of the strength of the prismatic slip systems.

2008-07-15

375

Free-electron-laser-induced shock-wave control and mechanistic analysis using pulse control

The Energy Laboratory of the University of Houston has developed a computer simulation program called CREAM (Cavity Radiation Exchange Analysis Model) for application to the solar central receiver system. CREAM contains a geometric configuration factor generator based on Nusselt's method. A formulation of Nusselt's method provides the basis for a FORTRAN subroutine NUSSELT. Numerical results from NUSSELT are compared to analytic values and values from Sparrow's method. Sparrow's method is based on a double contour integral and its reduction to a single integral which is a approximated by Gaussian methods. Nusselt's method is adequate for the intended engineering applications, but Sparrow's method is an order of magnitude more efficient in many situations.

1983-05-01

376

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis induced by the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii.

The wavelength of the free electron laser (FEL) in Osaka University can be continuously varied in the range of 5.0-20.0 #mu#m. The FEL has a double-pulse structure, consisting of a train of macropulses of pulse duration 12 #mu#s. Each macropulse contains a train of 330 micropulses of pulse duration 5 ps. The tunability and picosecond pulses afford new medical and biological applications. However, a macropulse of long pulse duration leads to undesirable secondary effects. Precise control of the macropulse duration is essential for the high-precision applications of the FEL. An FEL pulse control system using acousto-optic modulators has been developed to investigate mechanical (shock-wave) effects of the FEL on living tissues. With this system, we have controlled photoinduced shock waves and determine the mechanism of interaction during FEL-induced tissue ablation.

2008-11-01

377

Extension of energy acceptance of Bragg curve counter at the high-energy end

A 65-yr-old female developed cough, fever and dyspnoea following repeated exposure to a home ultrasonic humidifier. High-resolution computed tomography showed ground-glass opacity in both lung fields. Arterial blood gas analysis gave an oxygen tension of 8.38 kPa (63 Torr). Pulmonary function testing revealed restrictive ventilatory impairment with a reduction in the diffusing capacity. The diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) was confirmed by radiographic findings, pathological evidence of alveolitis and reproductive development by a provocation test to the humidifier water. The yeast Debaryomyces Hansenii was the only microorganism cultured from the water of the humidifier. The double diffusion precipitating test and lymphocyte proliferative response was positive for an extract of D. Hansenii, providing evidence to incriminate this fungus. This is the first described case of EAA caused by D. Hansenii. PMID:12449192

2002-11-01

378

Electron-phonon based local mode descriptions of displacive transformations

We have developed an energy-extension method of a Bragg curve counter (BCC) at the high-energy end for the measurements of double-differential cross-sections (DDXs) of fragment productions induced by tens of MeV protons. In this method, we estimate the incident energies of the fragments penetrating a BCC on the basis of the energy loss and atomic number (Z). We applied this method to the DDX measurements of the {sup nat}C(p, Li) and {sup nat}C(p, Be) reactions induced by 70 MeV protons. The validity of this method has been confirmed by comparing the DDXs of beryllium with theoretical predictions of the PHITS code and the two-body kinematics. This method improves the energy acceptance of the BCC for light fragments twice as wide as that of a conventional method without remodeling of the BCC and any loss of the original advantages.

2008-07-11

379

Electron transport through asymmetric DNA molecules

As a general approach to the problem of precursive behavior in alloys that undergo a displacive transformation, defect theories are becoming increasingly popular. However, the microscopic origin of the proposed defects is usually not considered. Yu and Anderson (1984) have argued that properties of strong-coupling superconductors, such as the A-15 compounds, imply a breakdown of Migdal's theorem (the adiabatic, or Born-Oppenheimer approximation for separation of electrons and phonons) in these systems. The electron-phonon coupling is so strong that it must be incorporated already in zeroth order. This is the basis for local phonon models, in which the electron-phonon coupling provides an effective double well potential for a localized group of atoms. The Yu-Anderson model and an analogous local Jahn-Teller model (Abell, 1983) are reviewed in connection with displacive transformations in strong-coupling alloys.

1986-01-01

380

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We investigate quantum mechanical electron transport along the long axis of the DNA molecule using an effective tight-binding model. The overall contour plot of transmission, the current-voltage characteristics, and the differential conductance are examined for the variation of backbone onsite energy, the energy-dependent hopping strength, and the contact coupling between the leads and the DNA molecule. It is shown that as backbone asymmetry increases, the merging and collapse of the two mini-bands take place and an extra resonance peak in the transmission appears. In addition, we present the modulation of voltage threshold in the current-voltage curves and a double-peak structure in the differential conductance due to the disappearance of the merged mini-band. Finally, in the Coulomb bloc...

2010-01-01

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381

Electron detachment cross-sections and secondary-electron emission factors for heavy-negative-ion beams

Electron detachment cross-sections and secondary-electron emission factors for heavy-negative-ion beams

The properties of negative-ion beams are very important for designing negative-ion apparatus and applications of negative-ion beams, especially, electron detachment cross-sections at the interaction between negative-ion beams and gas particles in the transport system, and secondary-electron emission factors when negative ions are incident on solid surfaces. These properties of negative-ion beams were investigated experimentally as a function of the ion energy under 50 keV. The single electron detachment cross-sections are almost constant in the other of 10[sup -15] cm[sup 2] in this energy range, but double electron detachment cross-sections increase in proportion to the ion velocity and much smaller than the single one. As for the secondary-electron emission factor, the emission factors for negative-ion beam are found to be larger by 1 than those for positive-ion beams. (author).

1994-01-01

382

Effects of ozone on gene expression and lipid peroxidation in adults and larvae of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

The properties of negative-ion beams are very important for designing negative-ion apparatus and applications of negative-ion beams, especially, electron detachment cross-sections at the interaction between negative-ion beams and gas particles in the transport system, and secondary-electron emission factors when negative ions are incident on solid surfaces. These properties of negative-ion beams were investigated experimentally as a function of the ion energy under 50 keV. The single electron detachment cross-sections are almost constant in the other of 10"-"1"5 cm"2 in this energy range, but double electron detachment cross-sections increase in proportion to the ion velocity and much smaller than the single one. As for the secondary-electron emission factor, the emission factors for negative-ion beam are found to be larger by 1 than those for positive-ion beams. (author).

1994-01-01

383

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ozone has in recent years been increasingly investigated for its potential use in the control of insect pests of stored cereals. Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent that can react directly, or via production of reactive oxygen species, with proteins, DNA and double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The aim of the present study was to investigate the mode of action in ozone toxicity using the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), as a relevant model. Transcription of focal genes thought to be involved in protection against ozone, and repair of cellular damage caused by ozone exposure, was studied together with the composition of storage lipid fatty acids and membrane phospholipid fatty acids in order to detect lipid peroxidation. Contrary to expectations, transcription ...

2011-01-01

384

Effect of alloying on the phase transformations and properties of a nickel alloy

Double promotion of palladium/silica catalysts by iron and magnesium oxide in the synthesis of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen

The phase transformations and properties of a precipitation-hardened Ni-Cr-based alloy are investigated as a function of C, B, Nb, and Cr contents. It is found that the primary role of Nb consists in the formation of an independent phase, delta-Ni3Nb, a part of a gamma/gamma-prime-delta eutectoid (for high C and B concentrations) and in stimulating the gamma-sigma reaction consecutively with the gamma double prime-delta reaction (for low C and B concentrations). In both cases, the long-term strength characteristics of the Nb-alloyed system are relatively low. The substitution of boron for carbon contributes to a reduction in the number of nucleation sites for topologically close-packed phases and to the formation of more stable (with respect to excess compounds) M3B2 and MB2 borides. The high-boron material exhibits better properties and phase stability under mechanical and thermal loading. 13 references.

1986-07-01

385

Diode laser overtone spectroscopy of CO_2 at 780nm

The structure and catalytic properties of 2 wt.-% Pd/SiO/sub 2/ catalysts promoted with 2 wt.-% MgO and 0.2-5 wt.-% iron have been investigated. Catalysts were characterized by TPR, hydrogen chemisorption, and Moessbauer spectroscopy and their catalytic performance in methanol formation was also measured. At 16 at.-% iron a sharp maximum was observed in the activity which can be interpreted as being due to simultaneous promotion with iron and MgO. Independent mechanisms of promotion were found for the two modifiers: iron influenced the metallic component by forming bimetallic PdFe particles while MgO changed the properties of silica in a favourable way. 6 figs., 29 refs., 1 tab.

1988-12-01

386

Dietary and Nutritional Treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Current Research Support and Recommendations for Practitioners

Overtone absorption lines of "1"2C"1"6O_2 have been examined by using a tunable diode laser (TDL) spectrometer in the region around 12770cm"-"1. The spectrometer sources are commercially available double heterostructure InGaAlAs TDLs operating in the 'free-running' mode, which allowed the detection of the line positions within 0.01cm"-"1. The observed carbon dioxide absorption lines belong to the #nu#_1+5#nu#_3 ro-vibrational band with rotational quantum number J up to 48. The minimum absorbance detected by the spectrometer (#approx#5x10"-"6) permitted to observe the weakest lines having the absorption cross section of the order of #approx#1x10"-"2"7cm"2/molecule.

2005-12-01

387

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Evidence for dietary/nutritional treatments of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) varies widely, from double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to anecdotal. In guiding patients, clinicians can apply the SECS versus RUDE rule: treatments that are Safe, Easy, Cheap, and Sensible (SECS) require less evidence than those that are Risky, Unrealistic, Difficult, or Expensive (RUDE). Two nutritional treatments appear worth general consideration: Recommended Daily Allowance/Reference Daily Intake multivitamin/mineral supplements as a pediatric health intervention not specific to ADHD and essential fatty acids, especially a mix of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and ?-linolenic acid as an ADHD-specific intervention. Controlled studies support the elimination of artificial fo...

2011-01-01

388

Diagnostic quality in hysterosalpingography

Determination of the optimal speed of rotational display through an 180 degree arc in rotatostereoradiography and MR angiography

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic quality and adverse events of the water-soluble, non-ionic, iso-osmolar, dimeric contrast media iodixanol and iotrolan in hysterosalpingography (HSG). Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty patients participated in a double-blind randomized parallel-group phase-III study. Questionnaires and patient interviews were used. Diagnostic quality was assessed using a visual analogue scale and the quality in specific regions was rated using a categorical scale. Results: Overall diagnostic quality was equal for the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in diagnostic quality in the specific regions of interest. No differences between the contrast media were found with regard to adverse events. Conclusion: Both contrast media provided images of high diagnostic quality in HSG. (orig.)

1998-11-01

389

Determination of band offsets and subband levels for a GaInP/AlGaInP quantum well by photoreflectance using a InGaP laser diode

Rotatostereoradiographic (RSRG) images are displayed in an oscillating, rotational manner. While reviewing these rotating images, the radiologist may become psychologically irritated by the rotation. A rapidly rotating display of linear subjects gives one three-dimensional depth information. This three-dimensional sense is lost if the rotation speed is too slow. The authors of this paper determined the slowest possible rotating display speed that allows perception of three-dimensional depth information minimizing psychological irritation. In the RSRG device (Shimadzu ROTATO-360), an x-ray tube coupled with an image intensifier rotates through a 180 degrees arc in 1.8 or 2.25 seconds. Both rotation times could be doubled. The images were displayed at four different speeds, covering the 180 degrees arc in 1.8, 2.25, 3.6, and 4.5 seconds.

1990-11-25

390

Designed defects in 2D antidot lattices for quantum information processing

The band offsets and subband levels in a double quantum well layer for a 660 nm-Ga_0_._4In_0_._6P/(Al_0_._5Ga_0_._5)_0_._5In_0_._5P quantum well laser are determined by photoreflectance using a 410 nm InGaN laser with current modulation at room temperature. The subband levels are analyzed by numerical calculation of the Schroedinger equation for the layer structure by varying the conduction band offset and compared with the measured photoreflectance spectra. The conduction band offset ratio is determined to be 0.5+0.03. (copyright 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

2009-06-01

391

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

We propose a new physical implementation of spin qubits for quantum information processing, namely defect states in antidot lattices defined in the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at a semiconductor heterostructure. Calculations of the band structure of a periodic antidot lattice are presented. A point defect is created by removing a single antidot, and calculations show that localized states form within the defect, with an energy structure which is robust against thermal dephasing. The exchange coupling between two electrons residing in two tunnel-coupled defect states is calculated numerically. We find results reminiscent of double quantum dot structures, indicating that the suggested structure is a feasible physical implementation of spin qubits.

2008-01-01

392

Crack tip opening angle measurement through a girth weld in an X100 steel pipeline section

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

ABSTRACT Crack tip opening angle (CTOA) is becoming one of the most accepted methods for characterizing fully plastic fracture. It provides a measure of the resistance to fracture for a material in cases where there is a large degree of stable-tearing crack extension during the fracture process. Our current pipeline research uses the CTOA test as an alternative, or addition, to the CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) and the fracture energy characterization provided by the J-integral approach. A test technique was developed for measurement of CTOA that uses a modified double cantilever beam (MDCB) specimen. A digital camera and image analysis software were used to record the progression of the crack tip and to estimate the CTOA. In this article, CTOA data on crack growth orientations per...

2008-01-01

393

Containment temperature, pressure and activity release during limiting design basis accident in TAPP 3 and 4 reactor

Coir pith-a biosorbent for removal of cesium from aqueous solutions

Containment is considered as ultimate safety system and is designed to enclose whole reactor system and prevent the spread of active air-borne fission products. For Pressure and Temperature calculation, Design Basis Accident (Dba) is double ended break of reactor inlet header or main steam line break but activity release studies are done to access its performance following limiting design basis accident i.e. Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) and Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS). In such accident scenario, the core is severely damaged and results in production of steam and hydrogen along with release of activity to containment environment. Containment functions are maintained in such accident, and radiological consequences are within the prescribed limits. (author)

2005-12-01

394

Bifurcation and chaos of a pest-control food chain model with impulsive effects

Coir pith (CP), an abundantly available lignocellulosic agricultural waste from the local coir industry has been found to be an effective biosorbent for removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Transition metal hexacyanoferrates, in particular nickel hexacyano ferrate (NiHCF) also referred to as Prussian blue analogue (PBA), is known to be highly selective for removal of cesium from aqueous solutions. A novel method for the synthesis of PBA inside the porous matrix of coir pith and use of this composite material for the sorption of cesium is described in this paper. Equilibrium experiments showed that the sorption capacity of coir pith nearly doubled due to the modification. Owing to its low cost and rapid sorption kinetics, this hybrid material seems to be one of the most promising compounds for the recovery of cesium from liquid nuclear wastes. (author)

2007-01-04

395

Balance with Unbounded Complexes

According to biological and chemical control strategy for pest control, we investigate the dynamics of a predator-prey food chain with impulsive effect, periodic releasing natural enemies and spraying pesticide at different fixed times, by using impulsive differential equation. Choose pest birth rate r{sub 2} as control parameter, we show that there exists a stable pest-eradication periodic solution when r{sub 2} is less than some critical value r{sub 2}* and the system is permanence when r{sub 2} is larger than the critical value r{sub 2}*. By use of standard techniques of bifurcation theory, we prove that above this threshold there are periodic oscillations in prey, middle-predator and top predator. Furthermore, bifurcation diagrams have shown that there exists complexity for the pulsed system including periodic doubling cascade.

2009-02-28

396

BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW AND DOUBLE DIFFUSION OVER AN UNSTEADY STRETCHING SURFACE WITH HALL EFFECT

Given a double complex $X$ there are spectral sequences with the $E_2$ terms being either H$_I$ (H$_{II}(X))$ or H$_{II}($H$_I (X))$. But if $H_I(X)=H_{II}(X)=0$ both spectral sequences have all their terms 0. This can happen even though there is nonzero (co)homology of interest associated with $X$. This is frequently the case when dealing with Tate (co)homology. So in this situation the spectral sequences may not give any information about the (co)homology of interest. In this article we give a different way of constructing homology groups of $X$ when H$_I(X)=$H$_{II}(X)=0$. With this result we give a new and elementary proof of balance of Tate homology and cohomology.

2011-01-01

397

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The present investigation is concerned with the effect of Hall currents on boundary layer flow, and heat and mass transfer of an electrically conducting fluid over an unsteady stretching sheet in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The electron-atom collision frequency is assumed to be relatively high, so that the Hall effect is assumed to exist, while the induced magnetic field is neglected. The governing time-dependent boundary layer equations for momentum, thermal energy, and concentration are reduced using a similarity transformation to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. The similarity ordinary differential equations are then solved numerically by the successive linearization method together with the Chebyshev pseudo-spectral collocation method. Effects of the Prand...

2011-01-01

398

Augmentation of laminar flow and heat transfer in flat tubes by means of helical screw-tape inserts

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The heat transfer a characteristics and friction factor in the horizontal double pipes of flat tubes with full length helical screw element of different twist ratio and helical screw inserts with different spacer length are investigated. Cold and hot water are used as working fluid in tube side and shell side respectively. The experiments covered a range of Reynolds numbers 5.7x102Re1.31x103. The effect of spacer length on the heat transfer augmentation and friction factor and the effect of twist ratio on heat transfer augmentation and friction factor have been presented separately. The study shows that, the Nusslet number (Nu) and friction factor (f) decrease with the increase of S or Y for flat tube. The comparison between the data of present plain circular with that of previous plain ci...

2011-01-01

399

Asymptotic Analysis of Double-Scattering Channels

Analysis of postulated FFTF pipe ruptures

We consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiple access channel (MAC), where the channel between each transmitter and the receiver is modeled by the doubly-scattering channel model. Based on novel techniques from random matrix theory, we derive deterministic approximations of the mutual information, the signal-to-noise-plus-interference-ratio (SINR) at the output of the minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) detector and the sum-rate with MMSE detection which are almost surely tight in the large system limit. Moreover, we derive the asymptotically optimal transmit covariance matrices. Our simulation results show that the asymptotic analysis provides very close approximations for realistic system dimensions.

2011-01-01

400

Advanced power conversion based on the Aerocapacitor{trademark}

A detailed assessment of the FFTF Primary Heat Transport System (PHTS) piping has led to the conclusion that the integrity of the piping is assured such that there is no realistic potential for a rupture. Nevertheless, consistent with the practice of showing design margins even for hypothetical events, a spectrum of postulated PHTS ruptures has been analyzed. The analyses showed that upstream of the reactor vessel inlet downcomer, rupture areas of any size including a double-ended rupture could be tolerated with no core coolant boiling. At the most limiting location, the reactor inlet nozzle, rupture areas of 75 in."2 and 55 in."2 could be tolerated for three-loop and two-loop operation, respectively. This paper will present the following: (1) the criterion with which consequences of postulated pipe ruptures are compared; (2) the general transient response of the FFTF to postulated ruptures; and (3) the acceptable rupture sizes for the FFTF primary loop for a ...

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

401

Adsorption and Dissociation of Molecular Hydrogen on the (0001) Surface of DHCP Americium

The authors report here, for the first time, high frequency testing of a new type of electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC), based on carbon aerogels: the Aerocapacitor. Carbon aerogels, are a novel type of carbon foam developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for military applications. The unique properties of carbon aerogels, high surface area (700 m{sup 2}/g), high density (1g/cc), well controlled pore diameter and high material conductivity (25 S/cm) made it an ideal EDLC electrode material. Using carbon aerogel as the electrode material, the authors have developed Aerocapacitors. These new EDLC`s have a frequency response comparable to that of aluminum electrolytic capacitors and are thus ideally suited to power conversion applications.

1997-10-01

402

Adalimumab sustains steroid-free remission after 3-years of therapy for Crohn-s disease

Hydrogen molecule adsorption on the (0001) surface of double hexagonal closed packed americium has been studied in detail within the framework of density functional theory. Weak molecular hydrogen adsorptions were observed. The most stable configuration corresponded to a Hor2 approach molecular adsorption at the one-fold top site where the molecule's approach is perpendicular to a lattice vector. Adsorption energies and adsorption geometries for different adsorption sites will be discussed. The change in work functions, magnetic moments, partial charges inside muffin-tins, difference charge density distributions and density of states for the bare Am slab and the Am slab after adsorption of the hydrogen molecule will be discussed. Reaction barrier for the dissociation of hydrogen molecule will be presented. The implications of adsorption on Am 5f electron localization-delocalization will be summarized.

2009-03-01

403

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary Background- Treatments that achieve sustainable steroid-free clinical remission in Crohn-s disease are needed; however, long-term steroid-sparing efficacy data are limited. Aim- To evaluate steroid-sparing efficacy and the impact of steroid discontinuation on adverse events during treatment of Crohn's disease with adalimumab in the phase III randomised, double-blind 1-year CHARM trial and for an additional 2-years in its open-label extension ADHERE. Methods- Steroid-free remission and response and steroid-sparing (-50% steroid dose reduction) remission rates were evaluated over 3-years in patients who were taking corticosteroids at CHARM baseline. Results- Of 778 patients randomised in CHARM (including those who did not achieve clinical response to open-label induction therapy), 31...

2011-01-01

404

A planar circular detector based on multiple point chemi- or bio-luminescent source within a coaxial cylindrical reactor

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An analytical method was proposed for calculating radiative fluxes incident on a planar circular detector from a volume multiple point chemi- or bio-luminescent source inside a coaxial cylindrical reactor. The method was designed for a cylindrical reactor when the surface reflections were neglected and when chemi- or bio-luminescence reaches a detector embedded in the same homogeneous optical medium as the point emitters of the volume multiple point source model. The radiative fluxes from arbitrarily distributed point emitters were expressed by one generalized quadruple-integral formula. Then some double- and single-integral formulas were obtained for calculating radiative fluxes from identically radiating point emitters uniformly distributed within the reactor. Selected results were compu...

2009-01-01

405

A beam funnelling demonstration: Experiment and simulation

A PAC containing the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma gene (POLG) maps to chromosome 15q25

Accelerator concepts for heavy-ion fusion require small emittance, high-current beams. Such applications could include funnels in which high-current, like-charged particle beams are interlaced to double beam current while retaining small emittances. The first experimental demonstration confirming the beam dynamics of the funnel principle was recently completed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A single-leg prototype 5-MeV, H{sup {minus}} funnel was successfully tested. This single-beam demonstration explored physics issues of a two-beam funnel. It contained elements for emittance control, position control, and rf deflection, as well as diagnostics for measurement of beam intensity, position and angle centroids, energy and phase centroids, and transverse and longitudinal phase-space distributions. Results of the experiment will be presented along with comparisons to simulations. 7 refs., 5 figs.

1990-01-01

406

680-nm band GaInP/AlGaInP tapered stripe laser

The human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a closed circular, 16,569-bp double-stranded DNA, encoding 13 genes whose protein products are subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system required for synthesis of most of the ATP consumed by eukaryotic cells. Point mutations of the mtDNA that cause multi-tissue, loss-of-energy syndromes, called mitochondrial encephalomyopathies (e.g., MERRF and MELAS), have been identified. In addition, large-scale deletions of the human mtDNA have been identified and are the molecular bases for the neonatal and adolescent onset loss-of-energy syndromes Pearson and Kearns-Sayer, respectively. 5 refs., 1 fig.

1997-03-01

407

>100 watt average power at 0.53 {mu}m with 25 ns, 2.5 kHz repetition rate pulses from a single power oscillator

A gain-guiding tapered stripe laser was fabricated using a Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P/(Al/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/)/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P double heterostructure wafer grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The laser showed a continuous wave (cw) threshold current of 48 mA, a maximum temperature for cw operation of 81 /sup 0/C, an aspect ratio of about 2, and an astigmatism near 25 ..mu..m. The emission wavelength was 684 nm. Thirty-two devices have been operating without significant degradation for more than 2000 h at 50 /sup 0/C with a constant output power of 3 mW.

1987-11-16

408

Solid state NMR, basic theory and recent progress for quadrupole nuclei with half-integer spin

We have generated approximately 100 watts of frequency doubled light from the output of an electro-optically Q-switched, diode-pumped Nd:YAG slab laser oscillator operating at an average power of 200 watts (2.5 kHz repetition rate, 80 mJ/pulse, 25 ns pulsewidth). The Q-switch was a compensated z-axis propagation LiNbO{sub 3} electro-optic modulator, and the frequency conversion crystal was a thin slab of KTP. In addition, Q-switched operation at an average power of approximately 250 watts with 26 ns pulsewidths has been demonstrated.

1994-03-01

409

Shooting from the HIP: Hyperion's efforts to clean Santa Monica Bay. [Hyperion Improvement Program (HIP)

This review describes the basic theory and some recently developed techniques for the study of quadrupole nuclei with half integer spins in powder materials. The latter is connected to the introduction of the double rotation (DOR) by A. Samoson et al. (1) and to the introduction of the multiple quantum magic-angle spinning (MQ MAS) technique by L. Frydman et. al. (2). For integer spins, especially the solid-state deuterium magnetic resonance, we refer to the review of G.L. Hoatson and R.L. Vold: ''"2H-NMR Spectroscopy of Solids and Liquid Crystals'' (3). For single crystals we refer to O. Kanert and M. Mehring: ''Static quadrupole effects in disordered cubic solids''(4) and we would like also to mention the ''classic'' review of M.H. Cohen and F. Reif: ''Quadrupole effects in NMR studies of solids'' (5). Some more recent reviews in the field under study are D. Freude and J. Haase ''Quadrupole effects in solid-state NMR'' (6). Ch. Jager: ''Satellite Transition ...

1998-12-01

410

Shelf-life extension and decontamination of fish fillets (Trachurus picturatus murphyi and Mugil cephalus) and shrimp tails (Penaeus vannamei) inoculated with toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor using gamma radiation

The Outstanding Achievement Award in Water Pollution Control' is intended to recognize the water pollution control program that best demonstrates achieving significant, lasting, and measurable excellence in water-quality improvement in preventing water-quality degradation in a region, basin, or water body. This article is about the 1991 Award. This year, WPCF honored Los Angeles Hyperion Treatment Plant with a citation of outstanding achievement. To qualify for this honor, Hyperion has remarkably improved the quality of wastewater discharged to Santa Monica Bay since 1985. Capital programs developed by Los Angeles to achieve this rapid improvement, coined the Hyperion Improvement Program (HIP), reflect the city's commitment to protect the valuable resource of Santa Monica Bay. The HIP was conceived in 1986 to cease sludge ocean disposal by the end of 1987 and expedite effluent quality improvement before 1991, when the full secondary expansion is scheduled for ...

1991-11-01

411

Radial dose distribution of 6.0 MeV/n #alpha#-particle in water

The radiation decimal reduction dose (D_1_0) of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor, Inaba was determined in vitro (0.13 kGy) and in inoculated fresh fillets of saurel (Trachurus picturatus murphyi) (0.12 kGy) and another Pacific fish species known in Peru as ''lisa'', Mugil cephalus (0.13 kGy), both of which are frequently consumed raw in ''ceviche''. The D_1_0 value was similarly determined in tails of the shrimp species Penaeus vannamei (0.13 kGy). In a second phase of the study, radiation doses in the range 1.0-4.0 kGy were evaluated for use in microbiological shelf-life extension of the selected seafood, and for adverse effects on various sensory attributes (appearance, odor, flavor, and texture). A dose of 1.0 kGy doubled the microbiological shelf-life of fish fillets during post-irradiation storage at 0-1 deg. C to approximately 30 days. This dose was deemed optimal also for preserving all sensory characteristics evaluated except appearance, due to a ...

2001-04-01

412

Nuclear heparan sulfate and doubling time in hepatocytes

For the study of radiation biology and its application to radiotherapy, the double differential cross section of electron emission from water vapor induced by 6.0 MeV alpha particle beam is measured. The energy spectra of electrons ranging 7- 10000 eV are detected by the electrostatic analyzer and micro channel plate. The measurements are made at angles between 20 and 160 degrees. With use of this data set, the radial dose distribution in water is calculated by using KURBUC code. It is the Monte Carlo type code of the electron transport process, where the track of the electron is simulated through each individual interactions including elastic scattering, ionization cross section and total excitation cross section in case that electrons with certain energy are put in the liquid-density water. In order to understand the effect of radiation when the particle flux is injected in the human body like radiotherapy using accelerator beam, the dose distribution in the ...

2003-08-17

413

Making porous membranes by chemical etching of heavy-ion tracks in {beta}-PVDF films

A rat hepatocyte cell line was shown previously to contain a nuclear pool of free heparan SO/sub 4/ (HS) chains which turns over rapidly. These cells were labeled with /sup 35/SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/ and the steady state levels of (/sup 35/SO/sub 4/)HS in the nucleus were measured under culture conditions chosen to give different cell doubling times (DT's). In each log phase culture growing at a constant rate, the level of nuclear HS did not change as the cell density increased. Rapidly dividing cells had levels of nuclear HS within the range of 30-42 pmol /sup 35/SO/sub 4/ in the nuclear HS/10/sup 6/ cells. However, in cultures with decreased DT's, there was a corresponding decrease in the level of nuclear HS below 30 pmol/10/sup 6/ cells that was proportional to the decrease in the DT. In contrast, when the cell DT increased in cultures approaching confluence, there was a corresponding increase in the level of nuclear HS above 42 pmols/10/sup 6/ ...

1987-05-01

414

Iodixanol in cerebral computed tomography: a randomized, double-blind, phase-III, parallel study with iodixanol and iohexol

Production of porous membranes using heavy ion bombardment and subsequent chemical etching of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) films has been reported several years ago. However, porous membranes with pore diameter in the nanometer scale requires a better understanding of the chemical etching mechanism. In this work PVDF foils irradiated with Sn ions (2.85 MeV per nucleon) were exposed to several etching conditions which involved permanganate oxidation in different alkaline environments. The solution of KOH 9 mol L{sup -1} and saturated in KMnO{sub 4} was the best etching reactant for PVDF. Functional groups created in the alkaline and oxidative attack by permanganate were studied by FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data reveals that the formation of pores occurs by a two-step mechanism: (i) double bonds as a result of dehydrofluorination induced by alkaline media and (ii) oxidation of these double bonds in permanganate ...

2005-07-01

415

Interrupting characteristics of series connection of thermal puffer gas circuit breaker and vacuum circuit breaker. Netsu paffa gata gas shadanbu to shinku shadanbu no chokuretsu shadan tokusei

Iodixanol is a new nonionic dimer, isotonic with blood at all clinically relevant concentrations. Iodixanol (270 mg I/ml) was compared in a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, phase-III study to the monomeric nonionic iohexol (300 mg I/ml) for evaluation of safety, tolerability and radiographic efficacy during cerebral CT. One hundred adult patients scheduled to undergo contrast-enhanced cerebral CT were randomly allocated to receive either iodixanol or iohexol. All completed the trial. Safety was evaluated by recording discomfort and other adverse events, tolerance by assessing intensity and incidence of discomfort. Radiographic efficacy was assessed from the diagnostic information and the radiographic density. No serious adverse events occurred. One patient (2 %) in the iodixanol group and one patient (2 %) in the iohexol group experienced a transient reddening at the neck and lower neck-line, respectively. Both contrast agents were well tolerated. One ...

1999-09-01

416

Influence of phosphorus vapor ambient for InGaAsP growth on GaAs substrate

Puffer gas circuit breaker used widely in interrupters with from middle capacity to large capacity does not keep away from reacting force of the puffer with high functions in principle and there is a limit in low operation. In this study, aiming at low operation of the interrupters, in order to clarify the basic motions of hybrid circuit interrupter that is the combination of thermal puffer gas circuit breaker and vacuum circuit breaker, the interrupting ability of simple thermal puffer gas breaker and the voltage sharing characteristics in the cases of series connection with the vacuum circuit breaker are studied. The results of the study are as follows. In comparing terminal short circuit accident interrupting ability of single flow typed thermal puffer gas breaker with that of double flow typed thermal puffer gas breaker, the interrupting ability of the double flow typed thermal puffer gas breaker may be improved. It is also clarified that ...

1993-12-20

417

InGaP/InGaAlP double-heterostructure and multiquantum-well laser diodes grown by molecular-beam epitaxy

For visible-light-emitting laser diodes, InGaAsP double heterostructures have been grown on GaAs substrates using liquid-phase epitaxy. As the growth temperature is as high as about 780 /sup 0/C, a large amount of phosphorus evaporates from the solutions for the cladding layers during the growth process. The phosphorus vapor disturbs the solution composition for the active layer, so that very thin and uniform active layers cannot be obtained. By using In-P-Sn solution and supplying the phosphorus partial pressure around the graphite boat, the influence of phosphorus vapor ambient for InGaAsP (lambda/sub P//sub L/ = 805 nm) growth is confirmed. When the phosphorus partial pressure increases, the surface of epitaxial layer becomes rough and the substrate is partly etched back. From x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectral measurements, the composition of the grown layer is also found to be changed. As a result of increasing the flow rate of H/sub 2/ gas in ...

1986-12-01

418

Identification of hydrotreatment-resistant heteroatomic species in a crude oil distillation cut by electrospray ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry

Room-temperature continuous-wave (cw) operation is achieved in the MBE (molecular-beam epitaxy)-grown InGaP/InGaAlP double-heterostructure (DH) visible laser diodes with a threshold current of 110 mA. The lasing wavelength and threshold current density under pulsed operation are 666 nm and as low as 3.9 kA/cm/sup 2/, respectively. This result is achieved by the introduction of H/sub 2/ into the growth chamber during growth, the continuous growth from one layer to the next layer, and the introduction of a GaAs buffer layer. InGaP/InGaAlP quantum well structures are also grown. From photoluminescence measurements, the conduction-band discontinuity ..delta..E/sub c/ is estimated to be 0.43 of the band-gap difference ..delta..E/sub g/. Furthermore, the multiquantum-well (MQW) structure is found to be stable under thermal treatment at temperatures as high as 750 /sup 0/C. Room-temperature pulsed operation of InGaP/InGaAlP MQW laser diodes is achieved for the first time. ...

1987-03-01

419

Global climate change response program. Part 1. Potential effects of global change on chlorophyll alpha concentrations in a southwestern desert reservoir: Las Vegas Bay, Lake Mead, Nevada. Part 2. Simulated impacts of a double CO2 climate on the location of the thermocline in Lake Mead, Nevada. Final report

The diminishing clean oil reserve is driving the search for new or improved ways to reduce the level of NSO-containing species found in high abundance in heavy crude oils. Hydrotreatment is the currently preferred technique to remove those polar species. Unfortunately, nitrogen-containing compounds cause coke formation on the surface of the hydrotreatment catalyst, leading to partial or complete deactivation. Here, positive- and negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) identify those nitrogen compounds that resist hydrotreatment. ESI preferentially ionizes polar (e.g., heteroatom-containing) species: basic molecules are detected as positive ions and acidic/neutral molecules as negative ions. FT-ICR MS resolves thousands of species in a single mass spectrum, allowing for unambiguous determination of elemental composition, C{sub c}H{sub h}N{sub n}O{sub o}S{sub s}, for identification of compound ...

2006-10-15

420

Genetic analysis of carbon isotope discrimination and its relation to yield in a wheat doubled haploid population.

Three algal bioassay experiments were conducted from March 1992 through September 1993 in an area of Lake Mead that has experienced problems associated with severe nutrient enrichment. The first experiment determined the effects of elevated CO2 (700 ppm) (2xCO2), vs ambient CO2 on the natural algal assemblage without nutrient enrichment. The second experiment determined the effects of 2xCO2 on nutrient enriched bioassays and if nutrients were limiting. The third experiment examined elevated temperatures and 2xCO2. Nested climate models were used to predict changes in water temperatures and thermocline development in Las Vegas Bay. The lake model predicted an increase in mean water temperatures of 1.8 deg under a 2xCO2 scenario. A thermocline definition of 1 deg. C change per 2-m depth was applied to water temperatures developed by a lake model coupled to nested general circulation and regional-scale atmospheric models in 3-year simulations of the current and ...

1997-01-01

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421

Dynamic behaviour of dc double anode plasma torch at atmospheric pressure

Carbon isotope discrimination (?(13) C) is considered a useful indicator for indirect selection of grain yield (GY) in cereals. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the genetic variation in ?(13) C and its relationship with GY. A doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross of two common wheat varieties, Hanxuan 10 (H10) and Lumai 14 (L14), was phenotyped for ?(13) C in the flag leaf, GY and yield associated traits in two trials contrasted by water availability, specifically, rain-fed and irrigated. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified by single locus and two locus QTL analyses. QTLs for ?(13) C were located on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3B, 5A, 7A and 7B, and QTLs for other traits on all chromosomes except 1A, 4D, 5A, 5B and 6D. The population selected for high ?(13) C had an increased frequency of QTL for high ?(13) C, GY and number of spikes per plant (NSP) when grown under rain-fed conditions and only for high ?(13) C and NSP when grown under ...

2011-09-01

422

Double-blind trial of the efficacy of pentoxifylline vs thalidomide for the treatment of type II reaction in leprosy

An original dc double anode plasma torch which provides a long-time and highly stable atmospheric plasma jet has been devised for the purpose of hazardous waste treatment. The arc fluctuations and dynamic behaviour of the argon and argon-nitrogen plasma jets under different operating conditions have been investigated by means of classical tools, such as the statistic method, fast Fourier transform (FFT) and correlation analysis. In our experiments, the takeover mode is identified as the fluctuation characteristic of the argon plasma jet while the restrike mode is typical in the argon-nitrogen plasma dynamic behaviour. In the case of pure argon, the FFT and correlation calculation results of electrical signals exhibit the only characteristic frequency of 150 Hz, which originates from the torch power and is independent of any change in the operating conditions. It indicates that the nature of fluctuations in an argon plasma jet is mainly induced by the undulation of ...

2007-07-07

423

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english Type II reaction in leprosy, or erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), is often characterized by severe clinical symptoms together with nerve function impairment leading to permanent disabilities. Thalidomide has been shown to be a highly effective drug for the treatment of ENL. It is, however, contraindicated for women of childbearing age due to its teratogenicity. On the other hand, pentoxifylline, used to treat hypercoagulable states, is not teratogenic and, like thalidomide (more) , can inhibit the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-a and other cytokines. In the present randomized double-blind clinical study we compared the effectiveness of orally administered pentoxifylline vs thalidomide in treating type II reaction in 44 patients. Daily doses of 300 mg thalidomide or 1.2 g pentoxifylline were administered for 30 days to multibacillary leprosy patients undergoing type II reaction. Randomly chosen patients were included in the study before, ...

2007-02-01

424

DNA damage intensity in fibroblasts in a 3-dimensional collagen matrix correlates with the Bragg curve energy distribution of a high LET particle

Corrosion studies of carbon steel under impinging jets of simulated slurries of neutralized current acid waste (NCAW) and neutralized cladding removal waste (NCRW)

The DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage response induced by high energy charged particles on lung fibroblast cells embedded in a 3-dimensional (3-D) collagen tissue equivalents was investigated using antibodies to the DNA damage response proteins gamma-histone 2AX (#gamma#-H2AX) and phosphorylated DNA-PKcs (p-DNA-PKcs). 3-D tissue equivalents were irradiated in positions across the linear distribution of the Bragg curve profiles of 307.7 MeV/nucleon, 556.9 MeV/nucleon, or 967.0 MeV/nucleon "5"6Fe ions at a dose of 0.30 Gy. Patterns of discrete DNA damage streaks across nuclei or saturated nuclear damage were observed, with saturated nuclear damage being more predominant as samples were positioned closer to the physical Bragg peak. Quantification of the DNA damage signal intensities at each distance for each of the examined energies revealed a biological Bragg curve profile with a pattern of DNA damage intensity similar to the physical Bragg curve for the ...

2010-03-01

425

Corrosion studies of carbon steel under impinging jets of simulated slurries of neutralized current acid waste (NCAW) and neutralized cladding removal waste (NCRW)

Plans for the disposal of radioactive liquid and solid wastes presently stored in double-shell tanks at the Hanford Site call for retrieval and processing of the waste to create forms suitable for permanent disposal. Waste will be retrieved from a tank using a submerged slurry pump in conjunction with one or more rotating slurry jet mixer pumps. Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has conducted tests using simulated waste slurries to assess the effects of a impinging slurry jet on the corrosion rate of the tank wall and floor, an action that could potentially compromise the tank's structural integrity. Corrosion processes were investigated on a laboratory scale with a simulated neutralized cladding removal waste (NCRW) slurry and in a subsequent test with simulated neutralized current acid waste (NCAW) slurry. The test slurries simulated the actual NCRW and NCAW both chemically and physically. The tests simulated those conditions expected to exist in the ...

1992-01-01

426

Comparing compressed sequences for faster nucleotide BLAST searches.

Plans for the disposal of radioactive liquid and solid wastes presently stored in double-shell tanks at the Hanford Site call for retrieval and processing of the waste to create forms suitable for permanent disposal. Waste will be retrieved from a tank using a submerged slurry pump in conjunction with one or more rotating slurry jet mixer pumps. Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has conducted tests using simulated waste slurries to assess the effects of a impinging slurry jet on the corrosion rate of the tank wall and floor, an action that could potentially compromise the tank`s structural integrity. Corrosion processes were investigated on a laboratory scale with a simulated neutralized cladding removal waste (NCRW) slurry and in a subsequent test with simulated neutralized current acid waste (NCAW) slurry. The test slurries simulated the actual NCRW and NCAW both chemically and physically. The tests simulated those conditions expected to exist in the respective ...

1992-01-01

427

CASSCF and CASPT2 ab initio electronic structure calculations find singlet methylnitrene is an energy minimum

Molecular biologists, geneticists, and other life scientists use the BLAST homology search package as their first step for discovery of information about unknown or poorly annotated genomic sequences. There are two main variants of BLAST: BLASTP for searching protein collections and BLASTN for nucleotide collections. Surprisingly, BLASTN has had very little attention; for example, the algorithms it uses do not follow those described in the 1997 BLAST paper and no exact description has been published. It is important that BLASTN is state-of-the-art: Nucleotide collections such as GenBank dwarf the protein collections in size, they double in size almost yearly, and they take many minutes to search on modern general purpose workstations. This paper proposes significant improvements to the BLASTN algorithms. Each of our schemes is based on compressed bytepacked formats that allow queries and collection sequences to be compared four bases at a time, permitting very fast ...

428

Adsorption and dissociation of water on the (0001) surface of double hexagonal close packed americium

(12/11)CASSCF and (12/11)CASPT2 ab initio electronic structure calculations with both the cc-pVDZ and cc-pVTZ basis sets find that there is a barrier to the very exothermic hydrogen shift that converts singlet methylnitrene, CH{sub 3}N, to methyleneimine, H{sub 2}C{double{underscore}bond}NH. These two energy minima are connected by a transition structure of C{sub s} symmetry, which is computed to lie 3.8 kcal/mol above the reactant at the (12/11)CASPT2/cc-pVTZ//(12/11)CASSCF/cc-pVTZ level of theory. The (12/11)CASSCF/cc-pVTZ value for the lowest frequency vibration in the transition structure is 854 cm{sup {minus}1}, and CASPT2 calculations concur that this a{double{underscore}prime} vibration does indeed have a positive force constant. Thus, there is no evidence that this geometry is actually a mountain top, rather than a transition structure, on the global potential energy surface or that a C{sub 1} pathway of lower energy connects the ...

2000-02-16

429

A density functional study of atomic hydrogen and oxygen chemisorption on the relaxed (0001) surface of double hexagonal close packed americium

Ab initio total energy calculations within the framework of density functional theory have been performed for water molecule adsorption on the (0001) surface of double hexagonal packed americium using a full-potential all-electron linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method (FP-L/APW+lo). Subsequent partial dissociation (OH+H) and complete dissociation (H+O+H) of the water molecule have been examined. The completely dissociated H+O+H configuration exhibit the strongest binding with the surface (3.35 eV), followed by partially dissociated species OH+H (2.23 eV), with all molecular H_2O configurations showing weak physisorption (0.366 eV). For molecular adsorptions, the flat lying orientation of the water molecule if found to be more favorable for majority of the cases. In the case of partial dissociation (OH+H), the vertical orientation of OH molecule with O facing the surface adsorbed at a h3 adsorption site and the H atom adsorbed at another ...

2009-06-01

430

166Ho-HA evaluation as therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis treatment

Ab initio total energy calculations within the framework of density functional theory have been performed for atomic hydrogen and oxygen chemisorption on the (0001) surface of double hexagonal packed (dhcp) americium using a full-potential all-electron linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method. Chemisorption energies were optimized with respect to the distance of the adatom from the relaxed surface for three adsorption sites, namely top, bridge, and hollow hcp sites, the ad-layer structure corresponding to the coverage of a 0.25 monolayer in all cases. Chemisorption energies were computed at the scalar-relativistic level (no spin-orbit coupling NSOC) and at the fully relativistic level (with spin-orbit coupling SOC). The two-fold bridge adsorption site was found to be the most stable site for O at both the NSOC and SOC theoretical levels with chemisorption energies of 8.204 eV and 8.368 eV respectively, while the three-fold hollow hcp adsorption ...

2008-02-01

431

Efficacy and toxicity of replication-competent adenovirus-mediated double suicide gene therapy in combination with radiation therapy in an orthotopic mouse prostate cancer model

Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis is a limiting disease having, among its pathological features, the inflammation of synovial tissue with progressive and later destruction of the articulation. This leads to joint deformation and loss of its function, generating pain and reducing the mobility of the affected articulation. The aim was to evaluate "1"6"6Ho-Hydroxyapatite ("1"6"6 Ho-HA) as potential radiopharmaceutical for the symptomatic treatment of chronic and acute arthritis. Materials and Methods: Holmiun-166 was produced by irradiation of Ho_2O_3 at La Reina Research Reactor, Nuclear Chilean Energy Commission. Hydroxyapatite was in-house synthesized. Its labelling and quality controls follows the internationally accepted procedures. An antigen's arthritis was induced to eight New Zealand rabbits with the "1"6"6 Ho-HA radiochemical being administered thereafter in two dosage modalities (single and double). The compound therapeutic efficiency was evaluated based upon ...

2002-09-01

432

Vector bundles, dualities, and classical geometry on a curve of genus two

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of replication-competent adenovirus-mediated double suicide gene therapy in an adjuvant setting with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in an experimental prostate cancer model in preparation for a Phase I clinical study in humans. Methods: For efficacy studies, i.m. DU145 and intraprostatic LNCaP C4-2 tumors were established in immune-deficient mice. Tumors were injected with the lytic, replication-competent Ad5-CD/TKrep adenovirus containing a cytosine deaminase (CD)/herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-1 TK) fusion gene. Two days later, mice were administered 1 week of 5-fluorocytosine + ganciclovir (GCV) prodrug therapy and fractionated doses of EBRT (trimodal therapy). Tumor control rate of trimodal therapy was compared to that of EBRT alone. For toxicology studies, immune-competent male mice received a single intraprostatic injection (10"1"0 vp) of the replication-competent ...

2002-11-01

433

VAWT performance prediction - Description of a PC-based software

Let $C$ be a curve of genus two. We denote by $SU_C(3)$ the moduli space of semi-stable vector bundles of rank 3 and trivial determinant over $C$, and by $J^d$ the variety of line bundles of degree $d$ on $C$. In particular, $J^1$ has a canonical theta divisor $\\Theta$. The space $SU_C(3)$ is a double cover of $P^8=|3\\Theta|$ branched along a sextic hypersurface, the Coble sextic. In the dual $\\check{P}^8=|3\\Theta|^*$, where $J^1$ is embedded, there is a unique cubic hypersurface singular along $J^1$, the Coble cubic. We prove that these two hypersurfaces are dual, inducing a non-abelian Torelli result. Moreover, by looking at some special linear sections of these hypersurfaces, we can observe and reinterpret some classical results of algebraic geometry in a context of vector bundles: the duality of the Segre-Igusa quartic with the Segre cubic, the symmetric configuration of 15 lines and 15 points, the Weddle quartic surface and the Kummer surface.

2007-01-01

434

VAWT (Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine) stochastic loads produced by atmospheric turbulence

The Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) offers a mechanically and structurally simple method of harnessing the energy of the wind. Fast and accurate predictions of the VAWT performance can be obtained using momentum models. Aerodynamic streamtube models are based on the conservation-of-momentum principle in a quasi-steady flow, by equating the forces of the rotor blades to the change in streamwise momentum through the turbine. An analytical model considering a multi-streamtube system divided into two parts has been developed to determine the aerodynamic blade loads and rotor performance of the Darrieus wind turbine (CARDAA computer code). This so-called double multiple-streamtube (DMS) model uses two constant interference factors in the induced velocities and accounts for vertical variations in the free stream velocity. It has been recently modified to produce an efficient software package appropriate for the needs of VAWT designers. This software called CARDAAV runs ...

1995-12-31

435

Updated TRAC analysis of an 80% double-ended cold-leg break for the AP600 design

Blade fatigue life is an important element in determining the economic viability of the Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT). A principal source of blade fatigue is thought to be the stochastic (i.e., random) aerodynamic loads created by atmospheric turbulence. This paper discusses the development of a model for the simulation of these stochastic loads, given the rotor geometry, operating conditions, and assumed turbulence properties. A Double-Multiple-Streamtube analysis is employed, which includes the effects of wind shear. Reynolds number variations, different airfoil sections and chord lengths along the blade span, and an empirical model for dynamic stall effects. Calculations are presented for the VAWT 34-m Test Bed currently being assembled at Bushland, Texas. Time histories of the loads, as well as their Fourier spectra, are presented and discussed. An unexpected finding is that the average output power is predicted to be more sensitive to turbulence level than ...

1987-01-01

436

Transient enhanced diffusion of Sb and B due to MeV silicon implants

An updated TRAC 80% large-break loss-of-coolant accident (LBLOCA) has been calculated for the Westinghouse AP600 advanced reactor design, The updated calculation incorporates major code error corrections, model corrections, and plant design changes. The 80% break size was calculated by Westinghouse to be the most severe large-break size for the AP600 design. The LBLOCA transient was calculated to 144 s. Peak cladding temperatures (PCTS) were well below the Appendix K limit of 1,478 K (2,200 F), but very near the cladding oxidation temperature of 1,200 K (1,700 F). Transient event times and PCT for the TRAC calculation were in reasonable agreement with those calculated by Westinghouse using their {und W}COBRA/TRAC code. However, there were significant differences in the detailed phenomena calculated by the two codes, particularly during the blowdown phase. The reasons for these differences are still being investigated. Additional break sizes and break locations need to be analyzed to ...

1995-07-01

437

Transient enhanced diffusion of Sb and B due to MeV silicon implants

We measure the transient enhanced diffusion of shallow molecular-beam-epitaxy grown marker layers of Sb and B due to deep MeV Si{sup +} ion implants at very high doses ({approx}10{sup 16}cm{sup {minus}2}). We expect the near-surface region of these implants to be vacancy rich, and we observe transient enhanced diffusion of Sb (the classic vacancy diffuser). The large enhancements imply a significant vacancy supersaturation ({approx}700 at 740{degree}C). Double implantation of the high-dose MeV Si followed by a shallow (40 keV) Si implant and annealing produces a greatly reduced number of {l_brace}311{r_brace} defects compared to a 40 keV implant into virgin Si, again consistent with a vacancy-rich region in the near-surface region of an MeV implant. However, the shallow B marker layers also show transient enhanced diffusion for the same MeV implant under similar annealing conditions, implying that an interstitial supersaturation is present at the same time. We ...

1997-06-01

438

The optical emission nebulae in the vicinity of WR 48 (Theta Mus); True Wolf-Rayet ejecta or unconnected supernova remnant?

We measure the transient enhanced diffusion of shallow molecular-beam-epitaxy grown marker layers of Sb and B due to deep MeV Si"+ ion implants at very high doses (#approx#10"1"6cm"-"2). We expect the near-surface region of these implants to be vacancy rich, and we observe transient enhanced diffusion of Sb (the classic vacancy diffuser). The large enhancements imply a significant vacancy supersaturation (#approx#700 at 740 degree C). Double implantation of the high-dose MeV Si followed by a shallow (40 keV) Si implant and annealing produces a greatly reduced number of #left brace#311#right brace# defects compared to a 40 keV implant into virgin Si, again consistent with a vacancy-rich region in the near-surface region of an MeV implant. However, the shallow B marker layers also show transient enhanced diffusion for the same MeV implant under similar annealing conditions, implying that an interstitial supersaturation is present at the same time. We discuss possible ...

439

The Local Environment of the FUor-like Objects AR 6A and 6B

During searches for new optical Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) in the high resolution, high sensitivity Anglo-Australian Observatory/United Kingdom Schmidt Telescope (AAO/UKST) HAlpha survey of the southern Galactic plane, we uncovered a variety of filamentary and more diffuse, extensive nebular structures in the vicinity of Wolf-Rayet (WR) star 48 (Theta Muscae), only some of which were previously recognised. We used the double-beam spectrograph of the Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory (MSSSO) 2.3-m to obtain low and mid resolution spectra of selected new filaments and structures in this region. Despite spectral similarities between the optical spectra of WR star shells and SNRs, a careful assessment of the new spectral and morphological evidence from our deep HAlpha imagery suggests that the putative shell of Theta Mus is not a WR shell at all, as has been commonly accepted, but is rather part of a more complex area of large-scale overlapping ...

2009-01-01

440

The Effective Theory of Inflation and the Dark Matter Status in the Standard Model of the Universe

We present new 12CO J=3-2 and HCN J=3-2 molecular line maps of the region surrounding the young star AR 6 using the 15 metre James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. AR 6 was previously found to be a double source with both components exhibiting several characteristics of FU Orionis (FUor) eruptive variable stars. Our data indicates that AR 6, like FU Orionis itself, does not possess a CO outflow and likewise, does not show evidence for large amounts of molecular g as in its circumstellar environment. We conclude that from the near-IR to the sub-mm, AR 6 is similar to FU Orionis in several respects. We interpret the lack of significant dust and molecular gas in the circumstellar environment of AR 6, together with the large near-IR thermal excess, as evidence that the sources have exhausted their natal envelopes, that they have at least small hot circumstellar disks, and that they are more evolved than Class I protostars. This, in itself, suggests that, since FUor eruptions ...

2008-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

441

The Complex Interstellar Na I Absorption toward h and Chi Persei

We present here the effective theory of inflation `a la Ginsburg-Landau in which the inflaton potential is a polynomial. The slow-roll expansion becomes a systematic 1/N expansion where N ~ 60. The spectral index and the ratio of tensor/scalar fluctuations are n_s - 1 = O(1/N), r = O(1/N) while the running turns to be d n_s/d \\ln k = O(1/N^2) and can be neglected. The energy scale of inflation M ~ 0.7 10^{16} GeV is completely determined by the amplitude of the scalar adiabatic fluctuations. A complete analytic study plus the Monte Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC) analysis of the available CMB+LSS data showed: (a) the spontaneous breaking of the phi -> - phi symmetry of the inflaton potential. (b) a lower bound for r: r > 0.023 (95% CL) and r > 0.046 (68% CL). (c) The preferred inflation potential is a double well, even function of the field with a moderate quartic coupling yielding as most probable values: n_s = 0.964, r = 0.051. This value for r is within ...

2010-01-01

442

Testing Effective Quantum Gravity with Gravitational Waves from Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals

Recent high spatial and spectral resolution investigations of the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) have found significant evidence for small-scale variations in the interstellar gas on scales less than or equal to 1 pc. To better understand the nature of small-scale variations in the ISM, we have used the KPNO WIYN Hydra multi-object spectrograph, which has a mapping advantage over the single-axis, single-scale limitations of studies using high proper motion stars and binary stars, to obtain moderate resolution (~12 km/s) interstellar Na I D absorption spectra of 172 stars toward the double open cluster h and Chi Persei. All of the sightlines toward the 150 stars with spectra that reveal absorption from the Perseus spiral arm show different interstellar Na I D absorption profiles in the Perseus arm gas. Additionally, we have utilized the KPNO Coude Feed spectrograph to obtain high-resolution (~3 km/s) interstellar Na I D absorption spectra of 24 of the brighter ...

2004-01-01

443

Stochastic risk estimate for barium radiological examinations in Malaga (Spain)

Testing deviation of GR is one of the main goals of the proposed {\\emph{Laser Interferometer Space Antenna}}, a space-based gravitational-wave observatory. For the first time, we consistently compute the generation of gravitational waves from extreme-mass ratio inspirals (stellar compact objects into supermassive black holes) in a well-motivated alternative theory of gravity, that to date remains weakly constrained by double binary pulsar observations. The theory we concentrate on is Chern-Simons (CS) modified gravity, a 4-D, effective theory that is motivated both from string theory and loop-quantum gravity, and which enhances the Einstein-Hilbert action through the addition of a dynamical scalar field and the parity-violating Pontryagin density. We show that although point particles continue to follow geodesics in the modified theory, the background about which they inspiral is a modification to the Kerr metric, which imprints a CS correction on the ...

2009-01-01

444

Retractable barrier strip

The aim of this research work has been the estimation of the stochastic risk for five barium examinations. The sample was the population attending the Radiological Service of the 'Nuestra Senora de la Victoria' University Hospital, who had been treated with some barium examinations, set in five different groups: oesophagus tract, oesophagus-gastric-duodenal tract, intestinal tract, enteroclysis and double enema. To estimate the stochastic risk, it is necessary to know the organ dose. This can be calculated from the dose-area product which allows us to determine the effective dose using software. The dose-area product is the most suitable quantity to measure in these types of examination. We have evaluated the contribution that each procedure provides to the genetically significant dose, somatically significant dose, collective effective dose, annual effective dose 'per capita' and detriment, which are useful for assessing the population risk of cancer or hereditary ...

2000-01-01

445

Relatively large theta13 and nearly maximal theta23 from the approximate S3 symmetry of lepton mass matrices

A portable barrier strip having retractable tire-puncture spikes for puncturing a vehicle tire. The tire-puncture spikes have an armed position for puncturing a tire and a retracted position for not puncturing a tire. The strip comprises a plurality of barrier blocks having the tire-puncture spikes removably disposed in a shaft that is rotatably disposed in each barrier block. The plurality of barrier blocks hare hingedly interconnected by complementary hinges integrally formed into the side of each barrier block which allow the strip to be rolled for easy storage and retrieval, but which prevent irregular or back bending of the strip. The shafts of adjacent barrier blocks are pivotally interconnected via a double hinged universal joint to accommodate irregularities in a roadway surface and to transmit torsional motion of the shaft from block to block. A single flexshaft cable is connected to the shaft of an end block to allow a user to selectively cause the shafts ...

2002-01-01

446

Precise characterisation of nanochannels in track etched membranes by SAXS and SANS

We apply the permutation symmetry S3 to both charged-lepton and neutrino mass matrices, and suggest a useful symmetry-breaking scheme, in which the flavor symmetry is explicitly broken down via S3 -> Z3 -> nothing in the charged-lepton sector and via S3 -> Z2 -> nothing in the neutrino sector. Such a two-stage breaking scenario is reasonable in the sense that both Z3 and Z2 are the subgroups of S3, while Z3 and Z2 only have a trivial subgroup. In this scenario, we can naturally obtain a relatively large value of the smallest neutrino mixing angle, e.g., theta13 ~ 9 degrees, which is compatible with the recent result from T2K experiment and will be precisely measured in the ongoing Double Chooz and Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiments. Moreover, the maximal atmospheric mixing angle theta23 ~ 45 degrees can also be obtained while the best-fit value of solar mixing angle theta12 ~ 34 degrees is assumed, which cannot be achieved in previous S3 symmetry ...

2011-01-01

447

Oxidation resistance of C/C composites coated by SiC in premixed methane-air combustion; SiC hifuku sareta C/C konpojietto no metan-kuki yokongo nenshojochu ni okeru taisanka tokusei

Poster session: Abstract is full text. Track membranes are thin polymer foils irradiated by heavy ions. The defects created by the heavy ions are located along the ions trajectory, the track. It is possible to open channels by etching with a chemical agent. These channels are very uniform. Small Angle Scattering (of X rays and neutrons) give global information about the characteristics of the channel shape. As the nanochannels are strictly parallel, an excellent sample orientation is required to obtain interpretable spectra. Then shoulders due to the oscillations of the Bessel function (radial part of the channel shape Fourier transform) are easily seen in the scattered intensity in the PXY data treatment software of SAS spectra allow to determine the channel diameter with its dispersion law, to demonstrate the existence of a wall thickness with a linearly varying density, and to assess the roughness. PXY can also detect non cylindric shapes like single or double ...

2003-05-01

448

Oil coastal tanker maintenance and availability

This paper describes the effects of SiC coating on the oxidation resistance of C/C composites in combusting fields, which are expected to be applied to high temperature structural materials at over 1770K. The coating methods employed were CVD and pack cementation. The time changes in weight loss of the specimens were measured at temperatures of 1770K and 1900K under the equivalence ratio of 0.9 generated by methane-air combustion, and the surface of the specimens before and after the experiment was observed by SEM. Although the weight loss of the specimens coated by the CVD method was minimal, the coating layer was easily peeled off from the substrate. On the other hand, the layer of the specimens coated by the pack cementation method was stable and adhered to the substrate, but the substrate was degraded because of penetration of oxygen through the pores in the layer. To cover the pores, the specimens were additionally coated with glass materials comprised of metal-Si, B4C, SiC and ...

1997-11-01

449

Numerical testing of hypotheses for the recent thinning and acceleration of Greenland outlet glaciers

ANCAP (Government's Oil Company of Uruguay) owns a 4000 DWT oil coastal tanker which is mainly used for oil transport in the River Plate, Uruguay and Parana rivers. Availability of the ship is critical because of shortage of available vessels in the region. Full maximum draught of the vessel is 4m , so it can navigate in very shallow waters as it is the case of some places in the Uruguay and Parana rivers. Although the ship was built in 1979, it is a complete double hull, powered by two twin main engines and propellers. Since 1994, several changes in maintenance management have been introduced, in order to increase the availability, thus increasing the total oil volume yearly transported. These changes affected several maintenance items and they also included a modification in the design of part of the cargo tank floors of the ship. As a result of these changes, an increase of 60% of the oil derivatives volume transported yearly was achieved. In this ...

2008-07-01

450

Environmental Research Database

ObjectivesThe overall scientific aim of this project is, through development of an appropriate numerical modelling tool, to identify and investigate the mechanisms that control the current observed rapid thinning and acceleration of Greenland outlet glaciers and to investigate their likely future behaviour in the context of climate warming. This aim is addressed through the four major specific objectives below. These objectives build on each and therefore the order of priority is driven by the order in wh [continued...]DescriptionCurrently, the Greenland ice sheet is undergoing rapid changes in the coastal regions which have been attributed to a general warming trend to the regions climate over the last decade. Several of the narrow and fast flowing outlet glaciers that drain the ice sheet into the sea are observed to have accelerated their flow and thinned. For instance, Jakobshavn Isbrae on the West coast of Greenland has almost doubled its speed since 2000 from ...

2008-01-31

451

Neutron scattering studies of mixed-valence semiconductors

MIMO (multi-input multi-output) adaptive power system stabilizer

Neutron scattering experiments on the mixed-valence (MV) compounds SmB{sub 6} are reported. The inelastic magnetic response of SmB{sub 6} at T = 2 K, measured on a double-isotope single crystal,displays a strongly damped peak at 35 meV corresponding to the inter multiplet transition of Sm{sup 2+}. At lower energies ( h.{omega} {approx_equal} 14 meV), a narrow magnetic excitation is observed, with remarkable scattering-vector and temperature dependences of its intensity. This novel feature is discussed in terms of recent theoretical works describing the formation of an anisotropic local bound state in semiconducting MV materials. If the average samarium valence is decreased by substituting La for Sm, a peak is found to appear at high energies. The elastic magnetic form factor of SmB{sub 6} was determined using polarised neutrons and no significant difference is observed in its Q-dependence with respect to that of pure divalent samarium. This surprising behaviour is ...

1994-12-31

452

Low temperature humidification dehumidification desalination process

A multivariate adaptive power system stabilizer is proposed. The advantages of using coordinated governor and excitation control are discussed, and the problems associated with constant parameter power system stabilizers (CPSS) are highlighted. The proposed multi-input multi-output (MIMO) power system stabilizer can coordinate the governor and excitation control and can overcome the problems associated with CPSS in power system stabilization. Selective multivariable state modelling, identification and control methods are investigated and the MIMO least squares technique with variable forgetting factor is used for system identification, guaranteeing good parameter tracking after a disturbance. Two multivariable self-tuning algorithms are investigated, the generalized minimum variance control and pole-shifting control algorithms. The multivariable self-searching pole-shifting algorithm is developed. Models of a single machine connected to an infinite bus through a ...

1988-01-01

453

Low temperature humidification dehumidification desalination process

The humidification dehumidification desalination process is viewed as a promising technique for small capacity production plants. The process has several attractive features, which include operation at low temperature, ability to utilize sustainable energy sources, i.e. solar and geothermal, and requirements of low technology level. This paper evaluates the characteristics of the humidification dehumidification desalination process as a function of operating conditions. A small capacity experimental system is used to evaluate the process characteristics as a function of the flow rate of the water and air streams, the temperature of the water stream and the temperature of the cooling water stream. The experimental system includes a packed humidification column, a double pipe glass condenser, a constant temperature water circulation tank and a chiller for cooling water. The water production is found to depend strongly on the hot water temperature. Also, the water ...

2006-03-01

454

Light Sterile Neutrino Effects at theta_13-Sensitive Reactor Neutrino Experiments

The humidification dehumidification desalination process is viewed as a promising technique for small capacity production plants. The process has several attractive features, which include operation at low temperature, ability to utilize sustainable energy sources, i.e. solar and geothermal, and requirements of low technology level. This paper evaluates the characteristics of the humidification dehumidification desalination process as a function of operating conditions. A small capacity experimental system is used to evaluate the process characteristics as a function of the flow rate of the water and air streams, the temperature of the water stream and the temperature of the cooling water stream. The experimental system includes a packed humidification column, a double pipe glass condenser, a constant temperature water circulation tank and a chiller for cooling water. The water production is found to depend strongly on the hot water temperature. Also, the water ...

2006-03-01

455

Investigations of the green- and infrared-stimulated luminescence using the recuperation effect

We study the impact of very light sterile neutrinos (Delta m^2_new around 1 to 10 times 10^(-2) eV^2, sin^2 2theta_new<10^(-1)) on upcoming theta_13-driven reactor antineutrino experiments like Double-CHOOZ and Daya Bay. Oscillations driven by these vales of Delta m^2_new affect data in the near and far detectors differently and hence potentially modify the capability of these experimental setups to constrain and measure sin^2 2theta_13. We find that the hypothesis theta_new different from zero negatively impacts one's ability to either place an upper bound on sin^2 2theta_13 in the advent of no oscillation signal or measure sin^2 2theta_13 if a theta_13-driven signal is observed. The impact of sterile neutrino effects, however, depends significantly on one's ability to measure the recoil positron energy spectrum. If sin^2 2theta_new is larger than 10^(-2), upcoming theta_13-driven reactor antineutrino experiments should be able to measure sin^2 2theta_new and ...

2008-01-01

456

Investigations of the green- and infrared-stimulated luminescence using the recuperation effect

We used the recuperation effect (see also 'Recuperation of infrared stimulated luminescence of feldspars' in this issue) for investigating the connection between infrared- and greenlight-stimulated luminescence (IRSL and GLSL) of feldspars by performing a 'double-bleach recuperation' experiment. A diode system was used for infrared (IR) stimulation, and a filtered-light unit for greenlight (GL) stimulation. Powdered feldspar samples (2 mg each) of known chemical characterisation from a mineral collection were used. After beta-irradiation with 180 Gy and storage in the dark for several weeks feldspar aliquots were bleached down to a residual level of {approx}1% of the initial level, first with IR and subsequently with GL. For both stimulations, detection of the stimulated luminescence was carried out in the near ultraviolet region (around 260-360 nm, peaked at 340 nm). Other aliquots were bleached in reverse order (1st GL, 2nd ...

2000-12-15

457

Interface-induced conversion of infrared to visible light at semiconductor interfaces

We used the recuperation effect (see also 'Recuperation of infrared stimulated luminescence of feldspars' in this issue) for investigating the connection between infrared- and greenlight-stimulated luminescence (IRSL and GLSL) of feldspars by performing a 'double-bleach recuperation' experiment. A diode system was used for infrared (IR) stimulation, and a filtered-light unit for greenlight (GL) stimulation. Powdered feldspar samples (2 mg each) of known chemical characterisation from a mineral collection were used. After beta-irradiation with 180 Gy and storage in the dark for several weeks feldspar aliquots were bleached down to a residual level of #approx#1% of the initial level, first with IR and subsequently with GL. For both stimulations, detection of the stimulated luminescence was carried out in the near ultraviolet region (around 260-360 nm, peaked at 340 nm). Other aliquots were bleached in reverse order (1st GL, 2nd IR). These bleaching sequences were ...

2000-12-15

458

Influence of potassium fluoride on the syntheses of methylpiperazine-modified poly(vinyl chloride)s for use as fixed-site proton carrier membranes.

Efficient, low-temperature conversion of infrared light into visible light (red, orange, green) is reported at single heterojunctions and undoped quantum wells of GaAs and ordered Al{sub {ital x}}Ga{sub 1{minus}{ital x}}InP{sub 2}; an increase in photon energy of 700 meV is obtained. The signal originates from the high-band-gap layers and disappears only if the excitation energy is tuned below the GaAs band gap. The intensity of the up-converted photoluminescence (PL) is found to decrease significantly slower with increasing temperature than that of the regular PL and it remains observable up to 200 K. Interface-induced cold Auger processes along with the presence of trapped states for both electrons and holes in these ordered alloys account for this nonlinear mechanism. A colinear double-beam experiment confirms this. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}

1996-08-01

459

Inclusive K{sup +}-meson production in proton-nucleus interactions

Aminated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes were prepared that had a Nernstian response over a wide range of pH. The reaction between PVC and methyl-piperazine (MePIP) in dimethylformamide (DMF) was studied over a wide range of time and temperature, and in the presence of the catalyst, potassium fluoride (KF). Time, temperature, and KF increased the nitrogen (N) content of the resulting polymers, but sometimes at the expense of decreasing their specific viscosities (molecular weights). Activation energies of processes that occurred in different temperature ranges were estimated assuming an Arrhenius relationship. A Nernstian response occurred once the N content approached to about 0.3 w/w %, and was accelerated by the presence of KF at elevated temperatures. Increasing the N content above about 3% led to a loss of the Nernstian response either because of an increase in the double bond content and a subsequent decrease in polymer mobility, or because of a decrease ...

1998-03-15

460

In Vitro Fracture of Human Cortical Bone: Local Fracture Criteria and Toughening Mechanisms

The production of K{sup +}-mesons in pA(A=D,C,Cu,Ag,Au) collisions has been investigated at the COoler SYnchrotron COSY-Juelich for beam energies T{sub p}=1.0-2.3 GeV. Double differential inclusive pC cross-sections at forward angles {theta}{sub K+}<12 as well as the target mass dependence of the K{sup +} momentum spectra have been measured with the ANKE spectrometer. Far below the free NNthreshold at T{sub NN}=1.58 GeV the spectra reveal a high degree of collectivity in the target nucleus. From the target mass dependence of the cross-sections at higher energies, the repulsive in-medium potential of the K{sup +}-mesons can be deduced. Using pNcross-section parameterisations from the literature and our measured pD data we derive a cross-section ratio {sigma}(pn{yields}K{sup +}X)/{sigma}(pp{yields}K{sup +}X) {proportional_to}(3-4). (orig.)

2004-11-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

461

Impact of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5-containing yoghurt, on fecal bacterial counts of healthy adults

A micro-mechanistic understanding of bone fracture that encompasses how cracks interact with the underlying microstructure and defines their local failure mode is lacking, despite extensive research on the response of bone to a variety of factors like aging, loading, and/or disease. Micro-mechanical models for fracture incorporating such local failure criteria have been widely developed for metallic and ceramic materials systems; however, few such deliberations have been undertaken for the fracture of bone. In fact, although the fracture event in mineralized tissues such as bone is commonly believed to be locally strain controlled, until recently there has been little experimental evidence to support this widely held belief. In the present study, a series of in vitro experiments involving a double-notch bend test geometry are performed in order to shed further light on the nature of the local cracking events that precede catastrophic fracture in bone and to define ...

2004-08-18

462

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, parallel dose-response study investigated the impact of 4-week commercial yoghurt consumption supplemented with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-5) on fecal bacterial counts of healthy adults. Fifty-eight volunteers were randomly assigned to three different groups: 1. placebo (no probiotic, no starter and no green tea extract); 2. Yoptimal (10^9cfu/100g of BB-12 and LA-5 and 40mg of green tea extract) and 3. Yoptimal-10 (10^1^0cfu/100g of BB-12, 10^9cfu/100g of LA-5 and 40mg of green tea extract). These yoghurt products also contained Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (10^7cfu/100g) and Streptococcus thermophilus (10^1^0cfu/100g). The quantitative PCR (qPCR) results showed that ther...

2011-01-01

463

Host location behavior of Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in ambient and moderately elevated ozone in field conditions

High spin states of some nuclei around the N=Z=28 double closed shell

In field O{sub 3}-enrichment experiments increased herbivore densities have been reported, which could be due to negatively affected host location behavior of natural enemies. We addressed the impact of doubling background O{sub 3} on the host location of the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae by conducting 24-h trials in an open-air O{sub 3}-fumigation system during two consecutive years. Two circles (radii 1.40 and 4.00 m) of Plutella xylostella-infested potted cabbage plants were placed in the O{sub 3} and ambient plots. Female wasps were released into each plot from the center, and observed 5 times over a 24-h period to assess their host location capability. Thereafter, plants were kept in laboratory conditions until larvae pupation to determine parasitism rates. No significant differences were detected between ambient and O{sub 3}-enriched environments either in the number of wasps found in the field, or in the percentages of parasitized larvae. This suggests that ...

2008-11-15

464

High spin states of some nuclei around the N=Z=28 double closed shell

A spectroscopic study is performed for high spin states of {sup 55}Fe, {sup 55}Co and {sup 57}Ni. To populate the investigated residues with a relevant cross section, the fusion evaporation reactions of {sup 30}Si({sup 28}Si, 2pn){sup 55}Fe, {sup 30}Si({sup 28}Si, 2pn){sup 55}Co and {sup 4}He({sup 54}Fe, n){sup 57}Ni were chosen. To identify the new {gamma} transitions and to build the energy level schemes, {gamma}-{gamma} coincidence techniques together with excitation functions were employed. Angular distributions and {gamma}-{gamma} angular correlations allowed us to assign the spin values of the nuclear states. The previous level scheme of {sup 55}Fe is extended into the region between 6.5-11 MeV of excitation energy, up to spin 27/2, while the yrast decay pathos of {sup 57}Ni and {sup 55}Co are reported here for the first time. Experimental data are fairly well reproduced by Glaudemans' shell model calculations. (orig.).

1989-12-01

465

High Angular Resolution Imaging Spectroscopy of the Galactic Ultra-Compact HII Region K3-50A

A spectroscopic study is performed for high spin states of "5"5Fe, "5"5Co and "5"7Ni. To populate the investigated residues with a relevant cross section, the fusion evaporation reactions of "3"0Si("2"8Si, 2pn)"5"5Fe, "3"0Si("2"8Si, 2pn)"5"5Co and "4He("5"4Fe, n)"5"7Ni were chosen. To identify the new #gamma# transitions and to build the energy level schemes, #gamma#-#gamma# coincidence techniques together with excitation functions were employed. Angular distributions and #gamma#-#gamma# angular correlations allowed us to assign the spin values of the nuclear states. The previous level scheme of "5"5Fe is extended into the region between 6.5-11 MeV of excitation energy, up to spin 27/2, while the yrast decay pathos of "5"7Ni and "5"5Co are reported here for the first time. Experimental data are fairly well reproduced by Glaudemans' shell model calculations. (orig.).

1989-01-01

466

Heat-driven liquid metal cooling device for the thermal management of a computer chip

Gemini North adaptive optics imaging spectroscopy is presented for the Galactic ultra-compact HII (UCHII) region K3-50A. Data were obtained in the K-band using the Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) behind the facility adaptive optics module ALTAIR in natural guide star mode. The NIFS data cube reveals a complex spatial morphology across the 0.1 pc scale of the 3'' UCHII region. Comparison of the nebular emission to Cloudy ionization models shows that the central source must have an effective temperature between about 37000 K and 45000 K with preferred values near 40000 K. Evidence is presented for sharp density variations in the nebula which are interpreted as a clearing of material nearest the central source. High excitation lines of FeIII and SeIV show that the ionization of the nebula clearly changes with distance from the central source. A double lobed kinematic signature (+/- 25 kms) is evident in the Br gamma line map which may be related to ...

2009-01-01

467

Galaxy Cluster Environments of Radio Sources

The tremendous heat generated in a computer chip or very large scale integrated circuit raises many challenging issues to be solved. Recently, liquid metal with a low melting point was established as the most conductive coolant for efficiently cooling the computer chip. Here, by making full use of the double merits of the liquid metal, i.e. superior heat transfer performance and electromagnetically drivable ability, we demonstrate for the first time the liquid-cooling concept for the thermal management of a computer chip using waste heat to power the thermoelectric generator (TEG) and thus the flow of the liquid metal. Such a device consumes no external net energy, which warrants it a self-supporting and completely silent liquid-cooling module. Experiments on devices driven by one or two stage TEGs indicate that a dramatic temperature drop on the simulating chip has been realized without the aid of any fans. The higher the heat load, the larger will be the ...

2007-08-07

468

Functional expression of anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS2 antigen scFv by cspA promoter system in Escherichia coli and application as a recognition molecule for single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) field effect transistor (FET)

Using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the FIRST (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters) catalogs, we examined the optical environments around double-lobed radio sources. Previous studies have shown that multi-component radio sources exhibiting some degree of bending between components are likely to be found in galaxy clusters. Often this radio emission is associated with a cD-type galaxy at the center of a cluster. We cross-correlated the SDSS with the FIRST catalog and measured the richness of the cluster environments surrounding both bent and straight multi-component sources. This led to the discovery and classification of a large number of galaxy clusters out to a redshift of z ~ 0.5. We divided our sample into smaller subgroups based on their optical and radio properties. We find that FR I radio sources are more likely to be found in galaxy clusters than FR II sources. Further, we find that bent radio sources are more often found in galaxy ...

2010-01-01

469

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The preS2 antigens of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which causes a serious health problem in the world, have been implicated in hepatocyte cell binding and viral penetration. Therefore, the importance of antibody production against preS2 antigen for early diagnosis of HBV has been well established. In this study, the recombinant HBV preS2 single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody was successfully expressed in E. coli with the novel cold shock vector (pCold) under the cspA promoter, and its expression level was compared with the pET vector under the T7 promoter. Additionally, a host with an oxidizing cytoplasm, E. coli trxB/gor double mutant, was used to improve the soluble expression. The anti-HBV preS2 scFv using pCold vector was successfully expressed in a soluble and functional form in ...

2010-01-01

470

Fuel assembly and reactor core

First plasma experiment on spherical tokamak device UTST

In a fuel assembly having moderator rods, an axial average value of a ratio between the total of the lateral cross sectional area of a portion to be filled with moderators and the total of the lateral cross sectional area of fuel pellets is determined as greater than 0.4, a lateral cross sectional area of a portion to be filled with moderators per one moderator rod is determined as from 14 to 50cm"2 and the ratio between the total of the lateral cross sectional area of moderators and a total of the lateral cross sectional area of fuel pellets in a horizontal cross section is determined as from 2.7 to 3.4. Since the axial average value for lateral cross sectional area of a portion to be filled with moderators/lateral cross sectional area of fuel pellets is determined as #>=# 0.4, the lateral cross sectional area of moderators of moderator rods is increased, the lateral cross sectional area of a gap water region is decreased to reduce the value of local power peaking coefficient, so ...

1992-12-03

471

First hint for CP violation in neutrino oscillations from upcoming superbeam and reactor experiments

The UTST (University of Tokyo Spherical Tokamak) device was constructed for the purpose of exploring the formation of ultra-high beta ST (Spherical Tokamak) plasma using the double null plasma merging method. When two plasmas merge together to form a single plasma, magnetic field lines reconnect, and the magnetic field energy is converted to the plasma kinetic energy, increasing the plasma beta. The merging start-up has been demonstrated in the TS-3/4, START and MAST devices using coils inside the vacuum vessel and TS-3 plasma obtained 50% beta. In order to demonstrate the start-up in a more reactor relevant situation, UTST has all poloidal field coils outside the vacuum vessel. The first plasma experiment on the UTST was performed from December, 2007. In the result, the plasma obtained 10 kA by using only outer PF coils and single ST was generated at the lower area (z=-0.3 - -1.0[m]) close to a washer gun. This result suggests that another washer gun on the top of ...

2009-04-01

472

Evidence for divided automatic attention

We compare the physics potential of the upcoming neutrino oscillation experiments Daya Bay, Double Chooz, NOvA, RENO, and T2K based on their anticipated nominal luminosities and schedules. After discussing the sensitivity to theta_{13} and the leading atmospheric parameters, we demonstrate that leptonic CP violation will hardly be measurable without upgrades of the T2K and NOvA proton drivers, even if theta_{13} is large. In the presence of the proton drivers, the fast track to hints for CP violation requires communication between the T2K and NOvA collaborations in terms of a mutual synchronization of their neutrino-antineutrino run plans. Even in that case, upgrades will only discover CP violation in a relatively small part of the parameter space at the 3 sigma confidence level, while 90% confidence level hints will most likely be obtained. Therefore, we conclude that a new facility will be required if the goal is to obtain a significant result with high ...

2009-01-01

473

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english A long-standing debate in the literature is whether attention can form two or more independent spatial foci in addition to the well-known unique spatial focus. There is evidence that voluntary visual attention divides in space. The possibility that this also occurs for automatic visual attention was investigated here. Thirty-six female volunteers were tested. In each trial, a prime stimulus was presented in the left or right visual hemifield. This stimulus was characteriz (more) ed by the blinking of a superior, middle or inferior ring, the blinking of all these rings, or the blinking of the superior and inferior rings. A target stimulus to which the volunteer should respond with the same side hand or a target stimulus to which she should not respond was presented 100 ms later in a primed location, a location between two primed locations or a location in the contralateral hemifield. Reaction time to the positive target stimulus in a primed location was consistently ...

2008-02-01

474

European facilities for accelerator neutrino physics: perspectives for the decade to come

Effect of differentiation on specific receptor sites and endocytosis of transferrin in a cell (HT-29) derived from human colic adenocarcinoma

Very soon a new generation of reactor and accelerator neutrino oscillation experiments - Double Chooz, Daya Bay, Reno and T2K - will seek for oscillation signals generated by the mixing parameter theta_13. The knowledge of this angle is a fundamental milestone to optimize further experiments aimed at detecting CP violation in the neutrino sector. Leptonic CP violation is a key phenomenon that has profound implications in particle physics and cosmology but it is clearly out of reach for the aforementioned experiments. Since late 90's, a world-wide activity is in progress to design facilities that can access CP violation in neutrino oscillation and perform high precision measurements of the lepton counterpart of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix. In this paper the status of these studies will be summarized, focusing on the options that are best suited to exploit existing European facilities (firstly CERN and the INFN Gran Sasso Laboratories) or technologies where ...

2009-01-01

475

Effect of chronic fractionated low-dose gamma irradiation on division potential of human embryonic cells in vitro

The specific receptor sites and the endocytosis of transferrin (Tf) are evidenced in a cell line (HT-29) derived from a human colic adenocarcinoma by means of "1"2"5I radiolabeled Tf. The receptor density is studied in undifferentiated (UD) or differentiated (D) cells with respective doubling times of about 24 hours and 46 hours. The number of binding sites for Tf is 162,000 (K_d = 7.8 nmol/l in ND cells and 68,000 (K_d = 7.40 nmol/l) in D cells. The distribution between the Tf bound to the cell surface and the internalized Tf is investigated by elimination of Tf bound to the surface by an acid wash method. The intracellular cycle of Tf seems to be characterized by a slower kinetics in UD cells. The high density of Tf receptor sites in HT-29 UD cells should allow the detection or the treatment of highly evolutive colic adenocarcinoma by means of Tf.

476

Double core evolution. IV - The late stages of evolution of a 2-solar mass red giant with a 1-solar mass companion

We investigated the in vitro phenotypic transformation of human embryo (HE) cells that were repeatedly irradiated (7.5 cGy once a week) throughout their life-span. Irradiation was repeated until the cells had accumulated 195 cGy (equivalent to the 26th passage). Samples of cells were assayed for survival by colony formation, as well as for mutation at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus and for transformation by focus formation. The life-span (mean number of population doublings) of multiply irradiated cells with a total dose of 97.5 cGy was slightly but significantly prolonged over that of controls. After HE cells had accumulated 195 cGy, the maximum number of divisions increased to 130-160% of the number in non-irradiated control cells. Transformed foci were not observed until cells had accumulated 97.5 cGy, and then increased with the increasing accumulation of radiation. However, no cells showed immortality or expressed a malignant ...

1991-12-01

477

Dependence of anomalous phosphorus diffusion in silicon on depth position of defects created by ion implantation

The paper reports on the results of hydrodynamical simulations of the late phase of the common envelope stage of a binary consisting of a 2-solar mass red giant and a 1-solar mass main-sequence companion. The numerical results demonstrate that sufficient energy is released from the orbit to eject the mass within the common envelope without requiring the main-sequence companion to spiral into the white dwarf core of the red giant star. At the end of the simulation the orbital decay time scale increases rapidly to more than 160 yr. The long decay time scale reflects the removal of mass from the common envelope and its subsequent spin-up to near corotation. The ratio of the orbital decay time scale to the mass-loss time scale from the common envelope increases to more than 700, and the mass contained within the common envelope decreases to about 0.01 solar mass or less. It is argued that further orbital decay will be small and that the final binary period will be 1.2 days. 27 refs.

478

Delta Scorpii 2011 periastron: worldwide observational campaign and preliminary photometric analysis

Transient enhanced diffusion of phosphorus in silicon has been investigated for implants below and above the threshold for a complete amorphization. Rapid thermal processes (electron beam) and conventional furnaces have been used for the annealing. In the case of implants below amorphization, a strong enhanced diffusion, proportional to the amount of damage produced, has been observed. The extent of the phenomenon is practically independent of the damage depth position. In contrast to this, the formation of extended defects at the original amorphous-crystalline interface makes the diffusivity strongly dependent on depth in the case of post-amorphized samples. No enhanced diffusion effect is observed if the dopant is confined in the amorphous layer, while a remarkable increase in the diffusivity is detected for the dopant located in the crystalline region beyond the amorphous-crystalline interface. Damage distribution after implantation and its evolution during annealing have been ...

1989-03-01

479

Decay of the Ar 2s"-"1 and 2p"-"1 and Kr 3p"-"1 and 3d"-"1 hole states studied by photoelectron-ion coincidence spectroscopy

Delta Scorpii is a double giant Be star in the forefront of the Scorpio, well visible to the naked eye, being normally of magnitude 2.3. In the year 2000 its luminosity rose up suddenly to the magnitude 1.6, changing the usual aspect of the constellation of Scorpio. This phenomenon has been associated to the close periastron of the companion, orbiting on a elongate ellipse with a period of about 11 years. The periastron, on basis of high precision astrometry, is expected to occur in the first decade of July 2011, and the second star of the system is approaching the atmosphere of the primary, whose circumstellar disk has a H-alpha diameter of 5 milliarcsec, comparable with the periastron distance. The preliminary results of a photometric campaign, here presented in the very days of the periastron, show an irregular behavior of the star's luminosity, which can reflect some shocks between material around the two stars. The small luminosity increasement detected in the ...

2011-01-01

480

Coulomb gauge QCD as a tool for the excited spectrum

The decay channels of the Ar 2s"-"1 and 2p"-"1 and Kr 3p"-"1 and 3d"-"1 electronic hole states have been investigated by means of photoelectron-photoion coincidence measurements following innershell ionization using synchrotron radiation. With the method of final ion-charge resolving electron spectroscopy it has become possible to disentangle different contributions to the electron spectrum and to determine the decay probabilities P(nl"-"1#->#n+) of the above-mentioned hole states (nl"-"1) to the final ionic charge states n+. A high correlation with threefold or even fourfold charged ions has been found in all cases. Possible decay routes, via cascade or direct double Auger processes, are discussed on the basis of energy-level schemes calculated with the Hartree-Fock method. Special emphasis is laid on the examination of the Kr 3p"-"1 decay process, where the two fine-structure components (j=1/2,3/2) exhibit noticeably different decay probabilities to Kr"3"+ and ...

2002-04-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

481

Conawapa to Winnipeg Power Transmission Complex. Southern Receiver System: Environmental impact assessment status report

A distinct feature of Coulomb gauge QCD is that it can be formulated in terms of physical, transverse gluons and quarks alone. The state-counting is then transparent, and the gauge is suited for studies of the excited spectrum. Leaving aside exotic spectroscopy, which has been the subject of other publications, in this note I call attention on two recent applications. One is that the running quark mass in the mid-infrared can be probed from excited baryons thanks to parity doubling, a consequence of insensitivity to chiral symmetry breaking. Fast quarks are asymptotically free and behave as massless, so hadrons containing fast quarks decouple from the condensate. Their (power-law) rate of decoupling reflects on the rate of decreasing parity splittings, which can be measured. The second is that, in analogy with the Franck-Condon principle of molecular physics, the velocity distribution of the heavy quarks inside a heavy hadron can be mapped out by the velocity ...

2010-01-01

482

Comparison of maintenance energy expenditures and growth yields among several rumen bacteria grown on continuous culture.

Development of the Conawapa-Winnipeg power transmission complex in Manitoba includes five interrelated transmission and conversion facilities. Environmental and socio-economic assessment work done to date on one component of this system (the upgrading of the Southern Receiver System) is described. This system is composed of a network of high voltage transmission lines and station facilities serving power demand in Winnipeg and southern Manitoba. The upgrading involves three main elements: energizing a second 230 kV ac circuit on an existing tower line running from the proposed Riel Station site to the existing St. Vital Station; constructing a new double-circuit 230 kV tower line on the same existing right-of-way between St. Vital and the Riel site area; and installing an additional transformer and other necessary equipment at St. Vital and other stations affected by the upgrade. The environmental impacts of these projects are generally not significant and will add ...

1992-01-01

483

Common Origin of mu-tau and CP Breaking in Neutrino Seesaw, Baryon Asymmetry, and Hidden Flavor Symmetry

Maintenance energy expenditures were mesured for five rumen bacteria, Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Bacteroides ruminicola, Megasphaera elsdenii, and Streptococcus bovis, by using a complex medium with glucose as the carbon source. Large differences (as high as 8.5-fold) in maintenance energy expenditures were seen among these bacteria. The suggestion is made that maintenance requirements could be a significant determinant of bacterial competition in the rumen. Theoretical maximum growth yields, calculated from double reciprocal plots of yield versus dilution rate, were compared to theoretical Y(ATP) values in order to estimate minimum molar adenosine 5'-triphosphate yields from glucose for each bacterium. Results showed that relative yield among the bacteria was growth rate dependent. At high dilution rates, both S. ruminantium and S. bovis produced lactate as their principal fermentation product. At lower dilution rates very little lactate ...

1979-03-01

484

Climate change: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change impacts assessment

We conjecture that all CP violations (both Dirac and Majorana types) arise from a common origin in neutrino seesaw. With this conceptually attractive and simple conjecture, we deduce that mu-tau breaking shares the common origin with all CP violations. We study the common origin of mu-tau and CP breaking in the Dirac mass matrix of seesaw Lagrangian (with right-handed neutrinos being mu-tau blind), which uniquely leads to inverted mass-ordering of light neutrinos. We then predict different correlations between the two small mu-tau breaking observables theta_{13} - 0 and theta_{23} -45, which can be tested against our previous normal mass-ordering scheme by the on-going oscillation experiments. We also analyze the correlations of theta_{13} with Jarlskog invariant and neutrinoless double-beta-decay observable. From the common origin of CP and mu-tau breaking in the neutrino seesaw, we establish a direct link between the low energy CP violations and the cosmological ...

2011-01-01

485

Challenges in environmental monitoring and reporting

The report was prepared for the IPCC by Working Group II. The remit of Working Group II was to describe the environmental and socioeconomic implications of possible climate changes over the next decades caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. The scenarios used include the following features: an effective doubling of atmospheric CO{sub 2} between now and 2025-2050; a consequent increase of global mean temperature of 1.5-4.5{degree}C; an unequal global distribution of the temperature increase; a sea level rise of 0.3 to 0.5m by 2050. The impacts of possible climate change were assessed for the following: agriculture and forestry; natural terrestrial ecosystems; hydrology and water resources; human settlements including the energy, transport and industrial sectors; human health; air quality and changes in UV-B radiation; oceans and coastal zones; seasonal snow cover; ice and permafrost. Further action is recommended. 1015 refs., 34 figs., 26 tabs.

1990-01-01

486

Bifurcation and complex dynamics of a two-prey two-predator system concerning periodic biological and chemical control

The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) represents about 170 crude oil and natural gas exploration, development and production companies in regulatory hearings and legal proceedings. Its principal role is to enhance the economic well-being and sustainability of the Canadian upstream petroleum industry. This presentation explores the role that information technology (IT) plays in knowledge and information management and how this role relates to meeting Canada`s target for greenhouse gas emissions reductions set by the Kyoto Protocol. Actions such as the Voluntary Challenge Registry (VCR) and emissions reductions trading are re-visited and the information requirements associated with these actions are highlighted. It is shown that among others, emissions databases between jurisdictions (provincial, national, international) have to be integrated, reduction claims must be tracked, verified and cross-referenced to eliminate double counting, comprehensive ...

1998-12-31

487

Bar Diagnostics in Edge-On Spiral Galaxies. III. N-Body Simulations of Disks

In this paper, we investigate the dynamic behaviors of a two-prey two-predator system with impulsive effect concerning biological and chemical control strategy-periodic releasing natural enemies and spraying pesticide at different fixed time. By applying the Floquet theory of linear periodic impulsive equation and small amplitude perturbation method, we prove that there exists a globally asymptotically stable two-prey-eradication periodic solution when the impulsive period is less than some critical value. The conditions for the permanence of the system are given, and meanwhile the conditions for the extinction of one of the two prey species and permanence of the remaining three species are given. Our results suggest a new approach in pest control. The target pest population can be driven to extinction and the non-target pest can be permanent by choosing impulsive period. With the increasing of the predation rate for the super competitor and impulsive period, the system displays ...

2008-07-15

488

Atomic force microscopy and surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of DNA based on DNA-nanoparticle complexes

Present in over 45% of local spirals, boxy and peanut-shaped bulges are generally interpreted as edge-on bars and may represent a key phase in the evolution of bulges. Aiming to test such claims, the kinematic properties of self-consistent 3D N-body simulations of bar-unstable disks are studied. Using Gauss-Hermite polynomials to describe the stellar kinematics, a number of characteristic bar signatures are identified in edge-on disks: 1) a major-axis light profile with a quasi-exponential central peak and a plateau at moderate radii (Freeman Type II profile); 2) a ``double-hump'' rotation curve; 3) a sometime flat central velocity dispersion peak with a plateau at moderate radii and occasional local central minimum and secondary peak; 4) an h3-V correlation over the projected bar length. All those kinematic features are spatially correlated and can easily be understood from the orbital structure of barred disks. They thus provide a reliable and easy-to-use tool to ...

2004-01-01

489

Assessment of four serological techniques in the immunological diagnosis of farmers' lung disease.

We report a simple method for the label-free detection of double-stranded DNA using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We prepared cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-capped silver nanoparticles and a DNA-nanoparticle complex by adding silver nanoparticles to {lambda}-DNA solutions. In the present study, the utilization of CTAB-capped silver nanoparticles facilitates the electrostatic interaction between DNA molecules and silver nanoparticles; at the same time, the introduction of DNA avoids adding aggregating agent for the formation of nanoparticle aggregates to obtain large enhancement of DNA, because the DNA acts as both the probe molecules and aggregating agent of Ag nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies show that the morphology of DNA-Ag nanoparticle complexes seems to be determined by the concentrations of the DNA and the nanoparticles. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies show that the morphology of the complexes plays a ...

2009-03-25

490

Assessment of a non-dedicated GPS receiver system for precise airborne attitude determination

Farmers' lung disease (FLD) is a pulmonary disease that results from repeated inhalation of antigens from mouldy hay or straw. The objective of this prospective study was to assess the reliability of four serological techniques in FLD diagnosis. Sera from 15 consecutive patients with FLD, 15 healthy control farmers and 30 urban controls were analysed using four serological techniques [electrosyneresis (ES), Ouchterlony double diffusion (DD), ELISA and Western blot (WB)] with four antigens (Absidia corymbifera, Eurotium amstelodami, Wallemia sebi and Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula). In the authors' region, ES on cellulose acetate with A. corymbifera antigen was the most relevant diagnostic tool for discriminating FLD patients from healthy exposed farmers (sensitivity 87 %, specificity 100 %). DD tests were in accordance with ES, but their discriminatory power was lower. No threshold indicating both good sensitivity and specificity could be established with ELISA. WB ...

2007-10-01

491

Al/sub 0. 3/Ga/sub 0. 7/P/sub 0. 01/As/sub 0. 99/ GaAs laser heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy

The use of a non-dedicated GPS receiver system for attitude determination was assessed in airborne mode through a test conducted at Sandia National Laboratories. Four independent NovAtel GPSCard{trademark} receivers were installed in Sandia`s Twin Engine Otter with two antennas mounted on the fuselage and two on the wing tips at separations of 6 to 18 m. A strapdown INS was also on board the aircraft in order to provide an independent attitude reference at rates between 4 and 10 Hz. During the multi-day test, GPS measurements were recorded between 1 and 10 Hz. Carrier phase measurements were post-processed using a double difference approach developed at The University of Calgary in which integer ambiguities were resolved in seconds using the known antenna separations as constraints. The tracking capability of the system is demonstrated under dynamics consisting of roll and pitch angles up to 45 and 12 degrees, respectively. Comparisons between the GPS and INS ...

1994-09-01

492

Aging, tumor suppression and cancer: High-wire act!

Stresses commonly present in AlGaAs/GaAs laser heterostructures were reduced using Molecular Beam Epitaxy grown Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/P/sub 0.01/As/sub 0.99/ cladding layers. The Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/P/sub 0.01/As/sub 0.99/ alloy was grown using an incident P/sub 2/ flux of roughly-equal1 x 10/sup 14//cm/sup 2/ indicating a sticking coefficient of 0.1 at a substrate temperature of 600 /sup 0/C. X-ray automatic Bragg angle control curvature measurements were used to monitor the residual heteroepitaxial stress. Broadened double crystal x-ray linewidths indicated the occurrence of alloy grading and broadened interfaces. The effects of P concentration and film thickness on stress and on the existence of a misfit dislocation grid are discussed.

1982-09-01

493

Acoustic metamaterials for sound focusing and confinement

Evolutionary theory holds that aging is a consequence of the declining force of natural selection with age. We discuss here the evidence that among the causes of aging in complex multicellular organisms, such as mammals, is the antagonistically pleiotropic effects of the cellular responses that protect the organism from cancer. Cancer is relatively rare in young mammals, owing in large measure to the activity of tumor suppressor mechanisms. These mechanisms either protect the genome from damage and/or mutations, or they elicit cellular responses--apoptosis or senescence--that eliminate or prevent the proliferation of somatic cells at risk for neoplastic transformation.We focus here on the senescence response, reviewing its causes, regulation and effects. In addition, we describe recent data that support the idea that both senescence and apoptosis may indeed be the double-edged swords predicted by the evolutionary hypothesis of antagonistic pleiotropy--protecting ...

2004-08-15

494

Acoustic metamaterials for sound focusing and confinement

We give a theoretical design for a locally resonant two-dimensional cylindrical structure involving a pair of C-shaped voids in an elastic medium which we term as double 'C' resonators (DCRs) and imbedded thin stiff bars, that displays the negative refraction effect in the low frequency regime. DCRs are responsible for a low frequency band gap which hybridizes with a tiny gap associated with the presence of the thin bars. Using an asymptotic analysis, typical working frequencies are given in closed form: DCRs behave as Helmholtz resonators modeled by masses connected to clamped walls by springs on either side, while thin bars behave as a periodic bi-atomic chain of masses connected by springs. The discrete models give an accurate description of the location and width of the stop band in the case of the DCR and the first two dispersion bands for the periodic thin bars. We then combine our asymptotic formulae for arrays of DCR and thin-bars to ...

2007-11-15

495

Acidic and neutral polar NSO compounds in Smackover oils of different thermal maturity revealed by electrospray high field Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

We give a theoretical design for a locally resonant two-dimensional cylindrical structure involving a pair of C-shaped voids in an elastic medium which we term as double 'C' resonators (DCRs) and imbedded thin stiff bars, that displays the negative refraction effect in the low frequency regime. DCRs are responsible for a low frequency band gap which hybridizes with a tiny gap associated with the presence of the thin bars. Using an asymptotic analysis, typical working frequencies are given in closed form: DCRs behave as Helmholtz resonators modeled by masses connected to clamped walls by springs on either side, while thin bars behave as a periodic bi-atomic chain of masses connected by springs. The discrete models give an accurate description of the location and width of the stop band in the case of the DCR and the first two dispersion bands for the periodic thin bars. We then combine our asymptotic formulae for arrays of DCR and thin-bars to design a composite ...

2007-11-01

496

A novel CMOS charge-pump circuit with current mode control 110 mA at 2.7 V for telecommunication systems

Negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with high field Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) allows for the direct detection of acidic NSO compounds in petroleum. The technique requires no chromatographic separation, is able to distinguish 18 different compound classes (e.g., neutral nitrogen, carboxylic acids and oxygenates), and can identify {approx}14,000 distinct masses by ultra-high mass resolution and mass accuracy. We previously studied three crude oils from different geological origins [Organic Geochemistry 33 (2002b) 743-759]. Here, we expand our research by comparing two source-equivalent Smackover oils of different levels of thermal maturity. We observe clear differences in the distribution of NSO compound classes, types (number of rings plus double bonds within a class), and number of alkyl carbons. With increasing thermal stress, the relative amount of sulfur and oxygen containing compounds decreases, ...

2004-07-01

497

A multi-marker model for detecting chromosomal segments displaying QTL activity

This paper presents a novel organization of switch capacitor charge pump circuits based on voltage doubler structures. Each voltage doubler takes a DC input and outputs a doubled DC voltage. By cascading voltage doublers the output voltage increases up to 2 times. A two-phase voltage doubler and a multiphase voltage doubler structures are discussed and design considerations are presented. A simulator working in the Q-V realm was used for simplified circuit level simulation. In order to evaluate the power delivered by a charge pump, a resistive load is attached to the output of the charge pump and an equivalent capacitance is evaluated. To avoid the short circuit during switching, a clock pair generator is used to achieve multi-phase non-overlapping clock pairs. This paper also identifies optimum loading conditions for different configurations of the charge pumps. The proposed charge-pump circuit is designed and simulated by SPICE with TSMC 0.35-#mu#m CMOS ...

2010-04-01

498

A mathematical/physiological model of parathyroid hormone secretion in response to blood-ionized calcium lowering in vivo.

A statistical method is presented for detecting quantitative trait loci (QTLs), based on the linear model. Unlike methods able to detect a few well separated QTLs and to estimate their effects and positions, this method considers the genome as a whole and enables the detection of chromosomal segments involved in the differences between two homozygous lines, and their backcross, doubled haploid, or F[sub 2] progenies, for a quantitative trait. Genetic markers must be codominant, but missing markers are accepted, provided they are missing independently from the experiment. Asymptotic properties, which are of practical use, are developed. This method does not rely on strong genetic hypotheses, and thus does not permit any precise genetic analysis of the trait under study, but it does assess which regions of the genome are involved, whatever the complexity of the genetic determinism (number, effects and interactions among QTLs). Simultaneous use of several methods, ...

1993-08-01

499

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The aim of the present study was to test a mathematical model of the biochemical processes in the parathyroid glands responsible for the secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting from extracellular calcium reduction. A double exponential curve described the parathyroid hormone secretion induced by rapid lowering of blood-ionized calcium in humans with normal as well as abnormal parathyroid tissue. Our data show that it was possible to establish a simple mathematical model of the parathyroid hormone response to blood-ionized calcium lowering, sufficient to fit experimental data obtained from patients with abnormal and normal parathyroid tissue. The fitted parameters showed no significant differences between patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and controls. In primary hyperparathyroidism, the parathyroid hormone production and steady-state transport across the cell membrane were increased, probably due to the larger amount of parathyroid tissue in ...

1997-01-01

500

A New and Sound Technology for Biogas from Solid Waste and Biomass