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Transient enhanced diffusion in boron-implanted silicon is interpreted as being due to the fact that during rapid thermal annealing a relaxation process takes place, associated with quasi-chemical reactions including defects. A simple analytical model makes it possible to describe the annealing mechanism on a microscopic scale in terms of reaction-diffusion processes. The measured dependences of the boron diffusion coefficient of the enhanced diffusion on time, temperature and implantation energy are satisfactorily explained. (author).

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An extensive analysis of the 1/N expansion of O(N)-symmetric lambdaphi"4 theory in four dimensions shows it to be a consistent approximation method. It is confirmed that the ground state of the theory is O(N(-symmetric, and that spontaneous symmetry breaking is not possible in the large-N limit. The Green's functions are free of tachyons if constructed relative to this ground state. A natural upper bound is derived for the parameters of the theory to ensure the existence of a ground state. In the strong-coupling domain there exist a bound state and a resonance in the identity representation of the O(N) group, which disappear in the weak-coupling regime. It is shown that, to leading order in N, a zero-mass interacting ''charged'' boson cannot be sustained in this theory. If the boson mass goes to zero, the model becomes a free-field theory.

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We discuss the consequence of local duality for elastic scattering, and derive a model-independent equation between structure functions at x ? 1 and elastic electromagnetic form factors. Then the electromagnetic form factors of proton are discussed using the quark-hadron duality theory. We also debate the form factor of proton in a bound state. It may be an effective approach to study the form factor of proton in media.

CERN Document Server

Present and future ultra-high-energy-cosmic-ray facilities (e.g., the Pierre Auger Observatory with South and North components) and TeV-gamma-ray telescope arrays (e.g., HESS/VERITAS and CTA) have the potential to set stringent indirect bounds on the nine Lorentz-violating parameters of nonbirefringent modified Maxwell theory minimally coupled to standard Dirac theory. Theoretically, the most interesting case is isotropic Lorentz violation, which is described by a single parameter [taken to vanish for the case of the standard Lorentz-invariant theory]. It appears possible to obtain in the future an upper (lower) indirect bound on this single isotropic Lorentz-violating parameter at the +10^{-21} (-10^{-17}) level. Comparison is made with existing and future direct bounds from laboratory experiments. The possible physics implications of upper ...

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We prove that Formula Not Shown surface diffeomorphisms have symbolic extensions, i.e. topological extensions which are subshifts over a finite alphabet. Following the strategy of Downarowicz and Maass (Invent. Math. 176:617?636, 2009) we bound the local entropy of ergodic measures in terms of Lyapunov exponents. This is done by reparametrizing Bowen balls by contracting maps in a approach combining hyperbolic theory and Yomdin?s theory.

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We compute the entropy of a closed bounded region of space for pure 3d Riemannian gravity formulated as a topological BF theory for the gauge group SU(2) and show its holographic behavior. More precisely, we consider a fixed graph embedded in space and study the flat connection spin network state without and with particle-like topological defects. We regularize and compute exactly the entanglement for a bipartite splitting of the graph and show it scales at leading order with the number of vertices on the boundary (or equivalently with the number of loops crossing the boundary). More generally these results apply to BF theory with any compact gauge group in any space-time dimension.

CERN Document Server

A method for systematically including topological degrees of freedom in perturbation theory is developed. This is not bound by the restrictions of semi-classical techniques. The Yang-Mills theory in three Euclidean dimensions is considered here. A well-defined separation of the topological and the ``spin wave'' degrees of freedom is obtained, motivated by a singular gauge. This has ``photons'' distorting the spherically symmetric magnetic fields of Dirac monopoles, and massless charged vector bosons ``W'' scattering off the latter. It is explicitly shown that the Dirac string does not contribute. The mode of the charged vector bosons with total angular momentum J=0 provides precisely the core to give a finite energy to the monopole. The radial equation for W is remarkably simplified and only two polarization states survive exactly for the anomalous magnetic moment required by the Yang-Mills interaction.

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Given a random variable $F$ regular enough in the sense of the Malliavin calculus, we are able to measure the distance between its law and almost any continuous probability law on the real line. The bounds are given in terms of the Malliavin derivative of $F$. Our approach is based on the theory of It\\^o diffusions and the stochastic calculus of variations. Several examples are considered in order to illustrate our general results.

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The baryogenesis process in the early hot universe is investigated by means of relativistic kinetic theory. An exact solution to the kinetic equations for supermassive bosons serves to refine previous results: the optimum baryon-production domain is now complemented by bosons of low mass, thus removing the cosmological lower bound that had limited the mass of superheavy bosons. 14 references.

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Results are reported in the areas of: chiral fermions and anomalies, superstring finiteness, superstring phenomenology, spin splittings in heavy quarkonia, low-energy limits of superstring, a supersymmetric electroweak model with a light squark, scalar quark bound states, fermionic tachyons and Poincare representations, relativistic dynamics of spin-one particles and deuteron-nucleus scattering, interactions involving higher spin massless particles, and classical action at a distance theories which contain a cutoff. (LEW)

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The next relativistic correction to #alpha# to for bound state mass of two charged scalar particles is calculated in the quantum scalar electrodynamics by the functional integral method. Contribution of the ''nonphysical'' time variable turned out to be important and leads to nonanalytic dependence of the bound state mass on #alpha#. In conclusion, one can say that the functional approach is the best mathematical representation to preserve the gauge invariance. The lowest approximation of this functional representation is the pure nonrelativistic Feynman path integral representation of the nonrelativistic Schroedinger equation. The functional integral representation shows that any regular series for next corrections to #alpha# does not exist and these corrections cannot be reduced to some terms of the nonrelativistic potential in the Schroedinger picture. In other words, the ''nonphysical'' time coordinate is important and leads to corrections ...

CERN Document Server

We point out that the moduli sector of the $(2,2)$ string compactification with its nonperturbatively preserved non-compact symmetries is a fertile framework to study global topological defects, thus providing a natural source for the large scale structure formation. Based on the target space modular invariance of the nonperturbative superpotential of the four-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric string vacua, topologically stable stringy domain walls are found. They are supersymmetric solutions, thus saturating the Bogomolnyi bound. It is also shown that there are moduli sectors that allow for the global monopole-type and texture-type configurations whose radial stability is ensured by higher derivative terms.

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Using a realistic three-body model, angular distributions for the "1"6O(d,p)"1"7O(1/2"+) reaction, based on the channel coupling array (CCA) theory and various forms of the coupled reaction channel (CRC) method are compared. Despite the different forms and theoretical foundations of these methods, they yield similar angular distributions, within the bound state approximations used herein. The expected breaking of time reversal inveriance in the approximated CCA theory is quite small over most of the angular range. Of all the methods used, coupling effects in the forward directions are largest for the post form of the CRC, indicating that it is the least reliable of the CRC forms for fitting data. (Auth.).

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We calculate the masses of the resonances D{sub s0}{sup *}(2317) and D{sub s1}(2460) as well as their bottom partners as bound states of a kaon and a D{sup (*)} - and B{sup (*)} -meson, respectively, in unitarized chiral perturbation theory at next-to-leading order. After fixing the parameters in the D{sub s0}{sup *}(2317) channel, the calculated mass for the D{sub s1}(2460) is found in excellent agreement with experiment. The masses for the analogous states with a bottom quark are predicted to be M{sub B{sup *}{sub s0}}=(5696{+-}40) MeV and M{sub B{sub s1}}=(5742{+-}40) MeV in reasonable agreement with previous analyses. In particular, we predict M{sub B{sub s1}}-M{sub B{sub s0}}{sup *}=46{+-}1 MeV. We also explore the dependence of the states on the pion and kaon masses. We argue that the kaon mass dependence of a kaonic bound state should be almost linear with slope about unity. Such a dependence is specific to the ...

CERN Document Server

We study the finite temperature electroweak transition with non-perturbative lattice Monte Carlo simulations. We find that it is of first order, at least for Higgs masses up to 80 GeV. The critical temperature of the phase transition is found to be smaller than that determined by a 2-loop renormalization group improved effective potential. The jump of the order parameter at the critical temperature is considerably larger than the perturbative value. By comparing lattice data and perturbation theory, we demonstrate that the latter, for the computation of the vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field v(T) in the broken phase at given temperature, converges quite well, provided v(T)/T>1. An upper bound on the Higgs mass necessary for electroweak baryogenesis in the light of the lattice data is briefly discussed.

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We consider an extension of the standard electroweak theory with gauge group SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R x U(1) _Y, where the gauge bosons of the extra SU(2)_R factor do not couple to ordinary fermions. We show that precision electroweak data and flavour physics provide quite stringent indirect constraints on its parameter space, but still allow for relatively light non-standard gauge and Higgs bosons. We then consider the model phenomenology at high-energy colliders, and observe that in the gauge boson sector present bounds and possible future signals are dominated by Z' production. In summary, indirect constraints on the charged gauge boson sector are so tight that observable new effects must be connected either with the neutral gauge boson sector or with the extended Higgs sector of the model. (orig.).

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The ground state masses of thirty-nine neutron-rich nuclei from [sup 51]Ca to [sup 72]Ni have been measured using the Time-of-Flight Isochronous (TOFI) spectrometer. Eight of these masses have been measured for the first time and thirty-one are remeasurements of neutron-rich nuclei previously reported. Good agreement between these results and a previous TOFI experiment was observed except for the most neutron-rich isotopes of vanadium through iron with the present results being more bound and in better agreement with theory. The low binding energy of [sup 68]Ni, as indicated by an unreasonably low two-neutron separation energy, suggests the presence of a high-lying, long-lived isomeric state in this nucleus. (orig.)

CERN Document Server

An analysis of the cross section for hadronic production of gluino-squark pairs close to threshold is presented. Within the framework of non-relativistic QCD a significant enhancement compared to fixed order perturbation theory is observed which originates from the characteristic remnants of the gluino-squark resonances below the nominal pair threshold. The analysis includes all colour configurations of S-wave gluino-squark pairs, i.e. triplet, sextet and 15 representation. Matching coefficients at leading order are separately evaluated for all colour configurations. The dominant QCD corrections, arising from initial- and final-state radiation are included. The non-relativistic dynamics of the gluino pair is solved by calculating the Green's function in Next-to-Leading Order (NLO). The results are applied to benchmark scenarios, based on Snowmass Points and Slopes (SPS). As a consequence of the large decay rate of at least one of the constituents squark or gluino ...

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Outward FDI strategies are driven by firms' resource endowments, which in turn are conditioned by their home environment. In emerging economies, thus, the pattern of outward FDI is shaped by local firms' idiosyncratic contexts and the resources that these firms developed to fit the contexts. This includes business groups, a dominant organizational form in many emerging economies, competing with context-bound resources. When they wish to transcend their home context, they need internationally valuable resources, especially managerial resources, which may be quite different than the resources that enable domestic growth. This paper thus explores what resources drive this international growth in the case of Taiwanese business groups. Starting from Penrosian Theory, we focus on managerial reso...

CERN Document Server

We present here the effective theory of inflation `a la Ginsburg-Landau in which the inflaton potential is a polynomial. The slow-roll expansion becomes a systematic 1/N expansion where N ~ 60. The spectral index and the ratio of tensor/scalar fluctuations are n_s - 1 = O(1/N), r = O(1/N) while the running turns to be d n_s/d \\ln k = O(1/N^2) and can be neglected. The energy scale of inflation M ~ 0.7 10^{16} GeV is completely determined by the amplitude of the scalar adiabatic fluctuations. A complete analytic study plus the Monte Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC) analysis of the available CMB+LSS data showed: (a) the spontaneous breaking of the phi -> - phi symmetry of the inflaton potential. (b) a lower bound for r: r > 0.023 (95% CL) and r > 0.046 (68% CL). (c) The preferred inflation potential is a double well, even function of the field with a moderate quartic coupling yielding as most probable values: n_s = 0.964, r = 0.051. This ...

CERN Document Server

A quasi-metric is a distance function which satisfies the triangle inequality but is not symmetric: it can be thought of as an asymmetric metric. The central result of this thesis, developed in Chapter 3, is that a natural correspondence exists between similarity measures between biological (nucleotide or protein) sequences and quasi-metrics. Chapter 2 presents basic concepts of the theory of quasi-metric spaces and introduces a new examples of them: the universal countable rational quasi-metric space and its bicompletion, the universal bicomplete separable quasi-metric space. Chapter 4 is dedicated to development of a notion of the quasi-metric space with Borel probability measure, or pq-space. The main result of this chapter indicates that `a high dimensional quasi-metric space is close to being a metric space'. Chapter 5 investigates the geometric aspects of the theory of database similarity search in the context of quasi-metrics. The ...

CERN Document Server

We present an update of the most stringent experimental bounds on the trilinear R-parity violating couplings. We then analyse bounds on the R-parity violating couplings at the unification scale by renormalising the weak scale bounds. We derive unification scale upper bounds upon the couplings which are broadly independent of the fermion mass texture assumed. The R-parity violating couplings are factors of two to five more severely bounded at the unification scale than at the electroweak scale. In the presence of quark mixing, a few of the bounds are orders of magnitude stronger than their weak scale counterparts due to new R-parity violating operators being induced in the renormalisation between high and low scales. These induced bounds are fermion mass texture dependent. New bounds upon the weak scale couplings are ...

CERN Document Server

We study the phenomenology of a new Minimally-extended Supersymmetric Standard Model (newMSSM) where a gauge singlet superfield is added to the MSSM spectrum. The superpotential of this model contains no dimensionful parameters, thus solving the mu-problem of the MSSM. A global discrete R-symmetry, forbidding the cubic singlet self-interaction, imposed on the complete theory, guarantees its stability with respect to generated higher-order tadpoles of the singlet and solves both the domain wall and Peccei-Quinn axion problems. We give the free parameters of the model and display some general constraints on them. A particular attention is devoted to the neutralino sector where a (quasi-pure) singlino appears to be always the LSP of the model, leading to additional cascades, involving the NLSP -> LSP transition, compared with the MSSM. We then present the upper bounds on the masses of the lightest and next-to-lightest -- when the lightest is an ...

CERN Document Server

We show the existence of global-in-time weak solutions to a general class of coupled FENE-type bead-spring chain models that arise from the kinetic theory of dilute solutions of polymeric liquids with noninteracting polymer chains. The class of models involves the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a bounded domain in two or three space dimensions for the velocity and the pressure of the fluid, with an elastic extra-stress tensor appearing on the right-hand side in the momentum equation. The extra-stress tensor stems from the random movement of the polymer chains and is defined by the Kramers expression through the associated probability density function that satisfies a Fokker-Planck-type parabolic equation, a crucial feature of which is the presence of a center-of-mass diffusion term. We require no structural assumptions on the drag term in the Fokker-Planck equation; in particular, the drag term need not be corotational. With ...

CERN Document Server

Graphs with high symmetry or regularity are the main source for experimentally hard instances of the notoriously difficult graph isomorphism problem. In this paper, we study the computational complexity of isomorphism testing for line graphs of $t$-$(v,k,\\lambda)$ designs. For this class of highly regular graphs, we obtain a worst-case running time of $O(v^{\\log v + O(1)})$ for bounded parameters $t,k,\\lambda$. In a first step, our approach makes use of the Babai--Luks algorithm to compute canonical forms of $t$-designs. In a second step, we show that $t$-designs can be reconstructed from their line graphs in polynomial-time. The first is algebraic in nature, the second purely combinatorial. For both, profound structural knowledge in design theory is required. Our results extend earlier complexity results about isomorphism testing of graphs generated from Steiner triple systems and block designs.

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Provenance and paleocurrent data from synorogenic fluvial sandstones can be used to constrain theories about the timing and structural style of Laramide foreland uplifts and associated basins. The Green River basin of southwestern Wyoming is a large ellipsoidal basin bounded by uplifts with diverse orientations and basement rock compositions. Sandstone from the main body of the Eocene Wasatch Formation in the Green River basin was sampled along the south and west flanks of the Rock Springs uplift. Petrographic examination and paleocurrent measurements reveal two main facies. The first facies is rich in feldspar and metamorphic rock fragments derived from the Wind River Mountains to the north. The second facies is dominated by quartz and sedimentary rock fragments, reflecting a source in the Uinta Mountains to the south. Distribution of these facies indicates that a sediment lobe extends 15 km into the basin from the Uinta Mountains. Another ...

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No abstract prepared.

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CERN Document Server

An Introduction to the Standard Theory of Electroweak Interactions (4/4)

CERN Document Server

An Introduction to the Standard Theory of Electroweak Interactions (2/4)

Science.gov (United States)

In addition I have had many years been cooking for Scouts fund-raising events and a hundred and one sausage sizzles so I can find my way around a cooktop. ...

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An improved process is disclosed for reducing the water content of coal containing bound water by releasing at least a portion of the bound water by maintaining the coal at a temperature from about 220/sup 0/ to about 500/sup 0/ F. in the presence of water at a pressure sufficient to maintain at least portion of the water in a liquid phase for a time sufficient to release at least a portion of the bound water wherein the improvement comprises contacting the coal during such treatment with an active material selected from the group consisting of carboxylic organic acids containing up to about 6 carbon atoms, phenol, phenolic acids and inorganic acids.

CERN Document Server

In this Letter the bound states of (2+1) Dirac equation with the cylindrically symmetric $\\delta (r-r_{0})$-potential are discussed. It is surprisingly found that the relation between the radial functions at two sides of $r_{0}$ can be established by an SO(2) transformation. We obtain a transcendental equation for calculating the energy of the bound state from the matching condition in the configuration space. The condition for existence of bound states is determined by the Sturm-Liouville theorem.

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The high energy limit of Quantum Chromodynamics is one of the most fascinating areas in the theory of strong interactions. Over a decade ago the HERA experiment at DESY in Hamburg provided strong evidence for the rise of the proton structure function at small values of the Bjorken variable x. This behavior can be explained as an increase of the gluon density of the proton with energy or correspondingly with smaller values of x. This increase can be attributed on the other hand to the large probability of gluon splitting in QCD. The natural framework for describing the gluon dynamics at small x is the Balitskii-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov formalism developed some 30 years ago. It predicts that the gluon density grows very fast with increasing energy, as a power with a large intercept. This increase has to be tamed in order to satisfy the unitarily bound. Over two decades ago, Gribov, Levin and Ryskin proposed the mechanism called the parton saturation, ...

Science.gov (United States)

A 2009 paper considered possibilities for applying a common display suite to various front-line bubble canopy fighters, whereas further research suggests the cost savings, post Milestone C production/deployment, might not be advantageous. The situation for military cargo and tanker aircraft, may offer a different paradigm. The primary objective of Defense acquisition is to acquire quality products that satisfy user needs with measurable improvements to mission capability and operational support, in a timely manner, and at a fair and reasonable price. DODD 5000.01 specifies that all participants in the acquisition system shall recognize the reality of fiscal constraints, viewing cost as an independent variable. DoD Components must therefore plan programs based on realistic projections of the dollars and manpower likely to be available in future years and also identify the total costs of ownership, as well as the major drivers of total ownership costs. In theory, ...

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Anodic protection

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... Accession Number : ADP004921. Title : The Stefan Problem of Detonation Theory,. Corporate Author : CORNELL UNIV ...

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An introduction to recent developments in several active topics at the interface between algebra, geometry, topology and quantum field theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We consider gauge theories in a string field theory-inspired formalism. The constructed algebraic operations lead, in particular, to homotopy algebras of the related Batalin-Vilkovisky theories. We discuss an invariant description of the gauge fixing procedure and special algebraic features of gauge theories coupled to matter fields.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Telomeres protect the chromosome ends from unscheduled DNA repair and degradation. Telomeres are heterochromatic domains composed of repetitive DNA (TTAGGG repeats) bound to an array of specialized...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present a new relativistic bound-state formalism for two interacting Fermi-Dirac particles. The kernel of the integral equation for the bound-state system is generated by summing Feynman scattering amplitudes and multiplying by a bound-state amplitude. The method is illustrated through calculations of the hyperfine and fine splittings of positronium up to order #alpha#"5. Our calculations of the one-loop contributions are carried out in the explicitly covariant Feynman gauge. We also present new results for the hyperfine and fine splittings in positronium to order #alpha#"5 for arbitrary principal quantum number n, which are easily obtained owing to the virtue of conceptual and calculational simplicity of our formalism. In addition, we present the one-loop renormalization scheme in our formalism. (author).

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Using a new approach to quaternion mechanics based on De Broglie waves, it is shown that such a theory describes tachyons and that the quantum theory of tachyons should be a quaternionic one. (U.K.).

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Starting with two supersymmetric dual theories, we imagine adding a chiral perturbation that breaks supersymmetry dynamically. At low energy we then get two theories with soft supersymmetry-breaking terms that are generated dynamically. With a canonical K{umlt a}hler potential, some of the scalars of the ``magnetic`` theory typically have negative mass-squared, and the vector-like symmetry is broken. Since for large supersymmetry breaking the ``electric`` theory becomes ordinary QCD, the two theories are then incompatible. For small supersymmetry breaking, if duality still holds, the magnetic theory analysis implies specific patterns of chiral symmetry breaking in supersymmetric QCD with small soft masses.

CERN Document Server

In this paper, we derive the moderate deviation principle for stationary sequences of bounded random variables with values in a Hilbert space. The conditions obtained are expressed in terms of martingale-type conditions. The main tools are martingale approximations and a new Hoeffding inequality for non adpated sequences of Hilbert-valued random variables. Applications to Cramer-Von Mises statistics, functions of linear processes and stable Markov chains are given.

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We report the 1.1-Å resolution crystal structure of a bulky rhodium complex bound to two different DNA sites, mismatched and matched in the oligonucleotide 5′-(dCGGAAATTCCCG)₂-3′....Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

We consider a nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation settled on the whole euclidean space. We prove the well-posedness of the corresponding Cauchy problem in a general functional setting, namely, when the initial datum is uniformly locally bounded in L^2. Then we adapt the short trajectory method to establish the existence of the global attractor and, if the space dimension is at most 3, we also find an upper bound of its Kolmogorov's entropy.

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The SCF approximation is used in a statistical theory of melting based on equality of the chemical potentials. The results for the melting points of the inert gases are close to the observed values.

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I present and discuss recent results on nuclear forces and few-nucleon systems obtained in the framework of chiral effective nuclear field theory.

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A summary of the basic principles of K-matrix theory and examples of its applications to atomic spectra are discussed. (AIP)

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In this paper, the superfield formulation of quantum gauge theories, recently proposed, is reviewed and developed. The extended BRS symmetry, which comes out quite naturally in this formulation, is investigated.

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1977. USSR Beloshitsky, VV Kumakhov, MA Wedell, R. Moskovskij

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We investigate theories of gravitation, in which spacetime is non-Riemannian and the metric g/sub munu/ is nonsymmetric, for ghosts and tachyons, using a spin-projection operator formalism. Ghosts are removed not by gauge invariance but by a Lagrange multiplier W/sub ..mu../, which occurs due to the breaking of projective invariance in the theory. Unified theories based on a Lagrangian containing a term lambdag/sup munu/g/sub / are proved to contain ghosts or tachyons.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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CERN Document Server

We introduce the {\\sc classified stable matching} problem, a problem motivated by academic hiring. Suppose that a number of institutes are hiring faculty members from a pool of applicants. Both institutes and applicants have preferences over the other side. An institute classifies the applicants based on their research areas (or any other criterion), and, for each class, it sets a lower bound and an upper bound on the number of applicants it would hire in that class. The objective is to find a stable matching from which no group of participants has reason to deviate. Moreover, the matching should respect the upper/lower bounds of the classes. In the first part of the paper, we study classified stable matching problems whose classifications belong to a fixed set of ``order types.'' We show that if the set consists entirely of downward forests, there is a polynomial-time algorithm; otherwise, it is NP-complete to decide the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We provide an efficient computational approach to solve the mixed integer programming (MIP) model developed by Tarim and Kingsman [8] for solving a stochastic lot-sizing problem with service level constraints under the static-dynamic uncertainty strategy. The effectiveness of the proposed method hinges on three novelties: (i) the proposed relaxation is computationally efficient and provides an optimal solution most of the time, (ii) if the relaxation produces an infeasible solution, then this solution yields a tight lower bound for the optimal cost, and (iii) it can be modified easily to obtain a feasible solution, which yields an upper bound. In case of infeasibility, the relaxation approach is implemented at each node of the search tree in a branch-and-bound procedure to efficiently sear...

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...225J Einstein, Oppenheimer, Feynman: Physics in the 20th Century Fall 2002 8.231 Physics of Solids I Fall 2002 8.251 String Theory for Undergraduates Spring 2003 8.261J Introduction to Computational Neuroscience Spring 2002 8.282J Introduction to Astronomy Spring 2003 8.321 Quantum Theory I Fall 2002 8.322 Quantum Theory II Spring 2003 8.323 Relativistic Quantum Field Theory I Spring 2003 8.324 Quantum Field Theory II ...

CERN Document Server

The Inner Model Hypothesis (IMH) and the Strong Inner Model Hypothesis (SIMH) were introduced by the first author in ``Internal consistency and the inner model hypothesis'', Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, December 2006. In this article we establish some upper and lower bounds for their consistency strength.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The goal of ultrasonic molecular imaging is the detection of targeted contrast agents bound to receptors on endothelial cells. We propose imaging methods that can distinguish adherent microbubbles...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We have measured the forward and reverse rates of the allosteric transition of hemoglobin A with three CO molecules bound by using modulated excitation coupled with fluorescence quenching of the DPG...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The new Gaussian potentials and interactions with forbidden states consistent with the phase scattering at low energies were obtained. Cross sections, resonance level spectra and some characteristics of bound states of lithium nuclei are calculated with these potentials.

CERN Document Server

We argue that neutron interference experiments and experiments on gravitational bound states of neutron unambiguously disprove entropic origin of gravitation. The criticism expressed in a recent paper [arXiv:1104.4650] concerning our arguments against entropic gravity is shown to be invalid.

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Our goal was to determine whether chlorpyrifos oxon, dichlorvos, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), and sarin covalently bind to human albumin. Human albumin or plasma was treated with organophosphorus...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

From the gross conservation laws of thermodynamics in a convecting material we derive a bound on the ratio of the rate of production of mechanical or magnetic energy to the rate of internal radioactive...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

During antibiotic drug development, media are frequently spiked with either serum/plasma or protein supplements to evaluate the effect of protein binding. Usually, previously reported serum or plasma...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Homologous to bacteriorhodopsin and even more to proteorhodopsin, xanthorhodopsin is a light-driven proton pump that, in addition to retinal, contains a noncovalently bound carotenoid with a function...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cellular cholesterol homeostasis is controlled by sterol-regulated proteolysis of membrane-bound transcription factors called sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). CPP32, a cysteine protease,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The aggregation substance (AS) of Enterococcus faecalis, encoded on sex pheromone plasmids, is a surface-bound glycoprotein that mediates aggregation between bacteria thereby facilitating...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

...Colormetric System, which lie within the region bounded by the spectrum locus and lines defined by the following equations: X...intensity of a light in candela as defined by the Illuminating Engineering Society's Guide for Calculating the Effective...

CERN Document Server

We take the point of view of a particle performing random walk with bounded jumps on Z^d in a stationary and ergodic random environment. We prove the quenched large deviation principle (LDP) for the pair empirical measure of the environment Markov chain. By the contraction principle, we deduce the quenched LDP for the mean velocity of the particle and obtain a variational formula for the corresponding rate function. We propose an Ansatz for the minimizer of this formula. We verify this Ansatz for nearest-neighbor walks on Z. As a separate result, we give a probabilistic formula for the ergodic invariant density of the environment Markov chain in the case of ballistic random walk with bounded jumps on Z.

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Resonant scattering of atoms with formation of the Feshbach resonance in the presence of a laser radiation coupling the levels of two bound atoms (a molecule) is considered. The laser field leads to a second resonance in scattering and broadening of resonances, which facilitates the possibility of experimental observation of asymmetry of the total scattering cross-section arising because of interference between resonant and potential scatterings. The effects associated with interference of the two channels of decay of a bound system of two atoms (a molecule) in the laser field are studied. An expression is obtained for the scattering length in collision of two cold atoms in the field of laser radiation.

CERN Document Server

Based on the exact results obtained by Bethe ansatz, we demonstrate the existence of stable bound pair (BP) wave packet in Bose Hubbard model with arbitrary on-site interaction U. In large-U regime, it is found that an incoming single-particle (SP) can coherently pass through a BP wave packet and leave a coherent shift in the position of it. This suggests a simple scheme for constructing a BP charge qubit to realize a quantum switch, which is capable of controlling the coherent transport of one and only one photon in a one-dimensional waveguide.

CERN Document Server

The recent measurements by the BES Collaboration of J/psi decays into a photon and a proton-antiproton pair indicate a strong enhancement at the proton-antiproton threshold not observed in the decays into a neutral pion and a proton-antiproton pair. Is this enhancement due to a proton-antiproton quasi-bound state or a baryonium? A natural explanation follows from a traditional model of proton-antiproton interactions based on G-parity transformation. The observed proton-antiproton structure is due to a strong attraction in the 1S0 state, and possibly to a near-threshold quasi-bound state in the 11S0 wave.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We obtain conformal invariant topological field theories with N = 2 supersymmetry by twisting Sevrin, Troost and Van Proeyen's SU(2) x SU(2) x U(1) extended N = 4 superconformal field theories. We expect that the number of physical states is finite although the original N = 4 theories have continuous spectra. It is shown that the number of physical states is actually finite when the central charge c < 6 in the corresponding N = 4 theories. The physical states inherit the structure of the chiral ring in N = 2 superconformal minimal series which is obtained by the reduction from N = 4 theories. We also show that the algebra contains the topological N = 4 superconformal algebra as subalgebra. Therefore a closed set of a finite number of physical states in the topological N = 1 superconformal algebra can also be obtained. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose ? The purpose of this article is to expand the base of supply chain knowledge by applying chaos theory principles to selected supply chain functions. Design/methodology/approach ? Researchers borrow chaos theory from the natural sciences, provide a basic explanation, and then examine how it may be applied to enhance supply chain management techniques. Findings ? Chaos theory principles are used to assist in the examination of forecasting, product design, and inventory management challenges currently facing supply chain practitioners. Research limitations/implications ? Application of chaos theory to various supply chain issues and key functional areas may produce an increase in the level of understanding of supply chain ambiguity and how chaos theory may provide valuable insight in...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Investigations of superdense compression touch on such problems as ultrahigh-frequency oscillations of matter in the generation of gravitational waves, the powerful pumping of hard coherent radiation, and the laboratory simulation of stellar interiors. This paper reviews the theory of supercompression and discusses some experiments involving multifoil collision supercompression.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Methods of algebraic quantum field theory are used to classify all field- and observable algebras, whose common germ is the U(1)-current algebra. An elementary way is described to compute characters of such algebras. It exploits the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition for Gibbs states. (orig.).

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Seiberg duality in supersymmetric gauge theories is the claim that two different theories describe the same physics in the infrared limit. However, one cannot easily work out physical quantities in strongly coupled theories and hence it has been difficult to compare the physics of the electric and magnetic theories. In order to gain more insight into the equivalence of two theories, we study the ''e{sup +}e{sup -}'' cross sections into ''hadrons'' for both theories in the superconformal window. We describe a technique which allows us to compute the cross sections exactly in the infrared limit. They are indeed equal in the low-energy limit and the equality is guaranteed because of the anomaly matching condition. The ultraviolet behavior of the total ''e{sup +}e{sup ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Relativistic mean field (RMF) theory is applied to modern problems of nuclear structure, such as the description of rotating bands in super-deformed nuclei or the investigation of neutron halos in light exotic nuclei. (orig.)

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The authors derive in full details the Hamiltonian formulation of the N = 1D = 10 supergravity coupled to super Yang-Mills theory. In particular, they present the explicit form of the first class constraints and compute the constraints gauge algebra.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Family stress theory can explain associations between contextual stressors and parenting. However, the theory has not been tested among Mexican Americans or expanded to include cultural-contextual...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Life-history theory predicts that traits involved in maturity, reproduction and survival correlate along a fast–slow continuum of life histories. Evolutionary theories and empirical results...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An estimate of the tritium dose to the public in the vicinity of the heavy water research reactor facility at AECL-Chalk River Laboratories, Ontario, Canada, has largely been accomplished from analyses on regularly-collected samples of air, precipitation, drinking water and foodstuffs (pasture, fruit, vegetables and milk) and environmental dose models. To increase the confidence with which public doses are calculated, tritium doses were estimated directly from the ratio of tritiated species in urine samples from members of the general public. Single cumulative 24 h urine samples from a few adults living in the vicinity of the heavy-water research reactor facility at Chalk River Laboratories, Canada were collected and analysed for tritiated water and organically bound tritium. The participants were from Ottawa (200 km east), Deep River (10 km west) and Chalk River Laboratories. Tritiated water concentrations in urine ranged from 6.5 Bq.l{sup -1} for the Ottawa ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Descriptors : *Terminal flight facilities, *Traffic ... Ground support, Queueing theory, Passengers ... Delay, Assessment, Stochastic processes, Ground ...

Science.gov (United States)

... folgen. Die notwendigen Sch~ritte -an isotherme Verh~ltnisce an den, von der Versuchssubstanz benetzten Wandungen, zu ...

Science.gov (United States)

... number of terminals when requests ... INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, QUEUEING THEORY ... DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS, STOCHASTIC PROCESSES ...

Science.gov (United States)

... DATA PROCESSING TERMINALS, *REMOTE TERMINALS, DATA PROCESSING, STOCHASTIC PROCESSES, QUEUEING THEORY, TIME ...

Science.gov (United States)

... from theory to practice will be significantly reduced while intrinsically revolutionizing the approach to engineering network security architectures. ...

CERN Document Server

Full-Potential Electronic Structure Method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The main results of earlier work by the author, Sushko, and Khoruzhii describing the algebraic structure of quantum-field systems with (discrete) vacuum superselection rules are generalized to the large class of Wightman theories with essentially self-adjoint field operators (a very strong restriction was imposed on the theory, namely, that the polynomial Op algebra of the Wightman fields /rho/ belongs to the class II, i.e., /rho/ /sub s'/ =/rho/ /sub w'/). It is also shown that the field Op algebra of a Wightman theory with discrete vaccum superselection rule possesses a class II extension.

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I discuss some recent developments in chiral effective field theory for few-nucleon systems.

Science.gov (United States)

... proposition int. 6 Page 8. As another example, consider the puzzle "Missionaries and Cannibals". We call configuration ...

Science.gov (United States)

... AIR TRAFFIC, TERMINAL FLIGHT ... FLIGHT, RANDOM VARIABLES, STOCHASTIC PROCESSES ... COMPUTER PROGRAMS, QUEUEING THEORY. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We discuss condensations of closed string tachyons localized in compact spaces. Time evolution of an on-shell condensation is naturally related to the worldsheet RG flow. Some explicit tachyonic compactifications of Type II string theory is considered, and some of them are shown to decay into supersymmetric theories known as the little string theories.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This note outlines the economic theory behind the theory of uncovered interest parity and some of the econometric issues involved in testing and interpretation. I illustrate some of the issues involved by estimating a rolling regression of the forward premium regression from 22 years of eight major currencies. I also conclude that Pippenger's model is not consistent with the theory of UIP and that furthermore there are severe econometric problems in estimating his model. The forward premium anomaly remains a paradox in international finance that is important and worthwhile to understand more fully.

CERN Document Server

Inspired by the work of Feynman, Deutsch, We formally propose the theory of physical computability and accordingly, the physical complexity theory. To achieve this, a framework that can evaluate almost all forms of computation using various physical mechanisms is discussed. Here, we focus on using it to review the theory of Quantum Computation. As a preliminary study on more general problems, some examples of other physical mechanism are also given in this paper.

CERN Document Server

Spain was a scientifically backward country in the early 19th-century. Thecauses were various political events, the War of Independence, and the reign ofFernando VII. The introduction of contemporary physics into textbooks wastherefore a slow process. An analysis of the contents of 19th-century Spanishtextbooks is here presented, centred on imponderable fluids, the concept ofenergy, the mechanical theory of heat, and the kinetic theory of gases.

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We offer a derivation of the duality between the topological U(1) gauge theory on a Calabi-Yau 3-fold and the topological A-model on the same manifold. This duality was conjectured recently by Iqbal, Nekrasov, Okounkov, and Vafa. We deduce it from the S-duality of the IIB superstring. We also argue that the mirror version of this duality relates the topological B-model on a Calabi-Yau 3-fold and a topological sector of the Type IIA Little String Theory on the same manifold. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Irrespective of supersymmetry, it is interesting to understand the special properties of theories admitting duality rotations. The Lagrangian of such a theory is not invariant under the transformations, nor does it change by a total derivative, but it transforms in a particular way which implies that the system of the equations of motion is invariant and that observables, such as the energy momentum tensor and therefore the total energy and momentum, are invariant. The main results of a recent paper on the properties of theories admitting duality rotations written in collaboration with M. K. Gaillard (1981) are described.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this short note we report our finding that within the context of alternative version of the Brans-Dicke theory (for #omega# #>=# -3/2, where #omega# is the Brans-Dicke parameter) the anisotropic Bianchi type cosmological models evolve towards the de Sitter isotropic universe. In short it is shown that during inflation there is no difference between the Brans-Dicke theory and General Relativity. Our result can thus be viewed as a generalization of the Wald's theorem for General Relativity. (author). 5 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We show that the chaotic dynamical behaviour displayed by diagonal Bianchi type IX metrics in general relativity does not occur on approach to the singularity in higher-order lagrangian theories of gravity. However, chaotic behaviour does occur in the more general non-diagonal type IX models in these theories. An interpretation of these results in terms of the hamiltonian potential picture of the type IX evolution is given. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Platelets from dogs with Basset Hound Hereditary Thrombopathy (BHT) display a thrombasthenia-like aggregation defect but have been shown to have normal amounts of platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa (GP IIb-IIIa). In order to investigate the possibility of a functionally abnormal GPIIb-IIIa complex, which might be unable to bind fibrinogen after stimulation, fibrinogen binding in BHT was evaluated. Two canine fibrinogen preparations were used, one from BHT dogs and one from normal control dogs, as well as a human fibrinogen preparation. Platelets from BHT and normal dogs were activated with 1 x 10/sup -5/M ADP in the presence of /sup 125/I-labeled fibrinogen and the surface bound radioactivity quantitated. For all fibrinogen preparations, the amount of fibrinogen bound by BHT platelets was not significantly different than that bound by normal dog platelets. BHT platelets bound 23,972 +/- 3612 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The theory of ..cap alpha.. decay in first-order perturbation theory is presented. The theory is designed for a strongly deformed nucleus in an isomeric state which changes its deformation dynamically through decay from a very deformed to an almost spherical shape. It is shown that other channels are not coupled to the ..cap alpha.. channel in first-order perturbation theory. The collective degrees of freedom of the daughter nucleus are described by shape vibrational states, eigenstates of a Hamiltonian whose potential has two minima. The parent nucleus is described by dynamically coupling the vibrational degrees of freedom to the ..cap alpha..-particle motion and also taking rotations into account. The ..cap alpha.. particle is taken to be a point-like particle. The theory is applied to the ..cap alpha.. decay of the isomeric state of /sub 95//sup 242/Am.

CERN Document Server

In six dimensions, cancellation of gauge, gravitational, and mixed anomalies strongly constrains the set of quantum field theories which can be coupled consistently to gravity. We show that for some classes of six-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories coupled to gravity, the anomaly cancellation conditions are equivalent to tadpole cancellation and other constraints on the matter content of heterotic/type I compactifications on K3. In these cases, all consistent 6D supergravity theories have a realization in string theory. We find one example which may arise from a novel string compactification, and we identify a new infinite family of models satisfying anomaly factorization. We find, however, that this infinite family of models, as well as other infinite families of models previously identified by Schwarz are pathological. We suggest that it may be feasible to demonstrate that there is a string ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We prove a generalization of the Verlinde formula to fermionic rational conformal field theories. The fusion coefficients of the fermionic theory are equal to sums of fusion coefficients of its bosonic projection. In particular, fusion coefficients of the fermionic theory connecting two conjugate Ramond fields with the identity are either one or two. Therefore, one is forced to weaken the axioms of fusion algebras for fermionic theories. We show that in the special case of fermionic W(2, #delta#)-algebras these coefficients are given by the dimensions of the irreducible representations of the horizontal subalgebra on the highest weight. As concrete examples we discuss fusion algebras of rational models of fermionic W(2, #delta#)-algebras including minimal models of the N = 1 super Virasoro algebra as well as N = 1 super W-algebras SW(3/2, #delta#). (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The canonical quantum theory of gravity-quantum geometrodynamics (QG)-is applied to the homogeneous Bianchi type IX cosmological model. As a result, a framework for the quantum theory of homogeneous cosmologies is developed. We show that the theory is internally consistent and prove that it possesses the correct classical limit (the theory of general relativity). To emphasize the special role that the constraints play in this new theory, we compare it to the traditional ADM square-root and Wheeler-DeWitt quantization schemes. We show that, unlike traditional approaches, QG leads to a well-defined Schroedinger equation for the wavefunction of the universe that is inherently coupled to the expectation value of the constraint equations. This coupling to the constraints is responsible for the appearance of a coherent spacetime picture. Thus, the physical meaning of the constraints of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Model-based approaches to pattern recognition and machine vision have been proposed to overcome the exorbitant training requirements of earlier computational paradigms. However, uncertainties in data were found to lead to a combinatorial explosion of the computational complexity. This issue is related here to the roles of a priori knowledge vs. adaptive learning. What is the a-priori knowledge representation that supports learning? I introduce Modeling Field Theory (MFT), a model-based neural network whose adaptive learning is based on a priori models. These models combine deterministic, fuzzy, and statistical aspects to account for a priori knowledge, its fuzzy nature, and data uncertainties. In the process of learning, a priori fuzzy concepts converge to crisp or probabilistic concepts. The MFT is a convergent dynamical system of only linear computational complexity. Fuzzy logic turns out to be essential for reducing the combinatorial complexity to linear one. I ...

CERN Document Server

We present the minimal supersymmetric standard model with general broken R-parity, focusing on minimal supergravity (mSUGRA). We discuss the origins of lepton number violation in supersymmetry. We have computed the full set of coupled one-loop renormalization group equations for the gauge couplings, the superpotential parameters and for all the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters. We provide analytic formule for the scalar potential minimization conditions which may be iterated to arbitrary precision. We compute the low-energy spectrum of the superparticles and the neutrinos as a function of the small set of parameters at the unification scale in the general basis. Specializing to mSUGRA, we use the neutrino masses to set new bounds on the R-parity violating couplings. These bounds are up-to five orders of magnitude stricter than the previously existing ones. In addition, new bounds on the R-parity violating couplings ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper heavy metal pollution at an abandoned Italian pyrite mine has been investigated by comparing total concentrations and speciation of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb and As) in a red mud sample and a river sediment. Acid digestions show that all the investigated heavy metals present larger concentrations in the sediment than in the tailing. A modified Tessier's procedure has been used to discriminate heavy metal bound to organic fraction from those originally present in the mineral sulphide matrix and to detect a possible trend of metal mobilisation from red mud to river sediment. Sequential extractions on bulk and size fractionated samples denote that sediment samples present larger percent concentrations of the investigated heavy metals in the first extractive steps (I-IV) especially in lower dimension size fractionated samples suggesting that heavy metals in the sediment are significantly bound by superficial adsorption ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Results from three separate experiments that have some relevance to bound residues are reported. In the first, "1"4C-labelled paraquat was lost when applied to soil in the field, about 26% of the radioactivity disappearing in 15 months, whereas in laboratory incubation studies there was no loss of radioactivity in one year. Two possible explanations are (i) that there was photolytic decomposition in the field, (ii) the preparation of the soil for the laboratory study upset the microbial ecology of the soil to the detriment of organisms that can degrade paraquat. In an experiment with "1"4C-labelled isoproturon, there was an indication that there was slightly more "1"4C in the unextractable humin fraction in soil in which wheat plants were grown than in bare soil. Work in the UK, Federal Republic of Germany and in Switzerland has shown that the phytotoxicity of residues of atrazine, carbetamide, chloridazone, propyzamide, simazine, lenacil, monolinuron, linuron, ...

CERN Document Server

We present a showcase for deriving bounds on the neutrino masses from laboratory experiments and cosmological observations. We compare the frequentist and Bayesian bounds on the effective electron neutrino mass m_beta which the KATRIN neutrino mass experiment is expected to obtain, using both an analytical likelihood function and Monte Carlo simulations of KATRIN. Assuming a uniform prior in m_beta, we find that a null result yields an upper bound of about 0.17 eV at 90% confidence in the Bayesian analysis, to be compared with the frequentist KATRIN reference value of 0.20 eV. This is a significant difference when judged relative to the systematic and statistical uncertainties of the experiment. On the other hand, an input m_beta=0.35 eV, which is the KATRIN 5sigma detection threshold, would be detected at virtually the same level. Finally, we combine the simulated KATRIN results with cosmological data in the form of ...

CERN Document Server

We consider network coding for networks experiencing worst-case bit-flip errors, and argue that this is a reasonable model for highly dynamic wireless network transmissions. We demonstrate that in this setup prior network error-correcting schemes can be arbitrarily far from achieving the optimal network throughput. We propose a new metric for errors under this model. Using this metric, we prove a new Hamming-type upper bound on the network capacity. We also show a commensurate lower bound based on GV-type codes that can be used for error-correction. The codes used to attain the lower bound are non-coherent (do not require prior knowledge of network topology). The end-to-end nature of our design enables our codes to be overlaid on classical distributed random linear network codes. Further, we free internal nodes from having to implement potentially computationally intensive link-by-link error-correction.

CERN Document Server

We have combined perturbative unitarity and renormalisation group equation arguments in order to find a dynamical way to constrain the space of the gauge couplings ($g'_1$, \\widetilde{g}$) of the so-called "Minimal $Z'$ Models". We have analysed the role of the gauge couplings evolution in the perturbative stability of the two-to-two body scattering amplitudes of the vector and scalar sectors of these models and we have shown that perturbative unitarity imposes an upper bound that is generally stronger than the triviality constraint. We have also demonstrated how this method quantitatively refines the usual triviality bound in the case of benchmark scenarios such as the $U(1)_\\chi$, the $U(1)_R$ or the "pure" $U(1)_{B-L}$ extension of the Standard Model. Finally, a description of the underlying model structure in Feynman gauge is provided.

CERN Document Server

We study the stability of the circular orbits of the electromagnetic two-body problem of classical electrodynamics. We introduce the concept of resonant dissipation, i.e. a motion that radiates the center-of-mass energy while the interparticle distance performs bounded oscillations about a metastable orbit. The stability mechanism is established by the existence of a quartic resonant constant generated by the stiff eigenvalues of the linear stability problem. This constant bounds the particles together during the radiative recoil. The condition of resonant dissipation predicts angular momenta for the metastable orbits in reasonable agreement with the Bohr atom. The principal result is that the emission lines agree with the predictions of quantum electrodynamics (QED) with 1 percent average error even up to the $40^{th}$ line. Our angular momenta depend logarithmically on the mass of the heavy body, such that the deuterium and the muonium atoms ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The dynamical decoupling (DD) aims at suppressing the decoherence by means of coherent control pulses. Even if devices exist where instantaneous pulses are an adequate approximation, experimentally a finite duration #tau#_p and a bounded amplitude are inevitable. They are the cause of additional errors which can be corrected by designing the pulse shape appropriately. The new pulse has the overall effect of an ideal, instantaneous pulse with the advantage of decoupling the spin (or qubit) from the bath up to the order O(#tau#_p"3). The limitation of the no-go theorem for #pi# pulses is avoided. Hence, the Uhrig sequence (UDD), originally thought for ideal #pi# pulses, works also for bounded control Hamiltonians. Numerical simulations show that concatenated sequences of real pulses are effective against general decoherence.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Plants are capable of taking up nitrogen (N) in both organic and inorganic forms, so the concentrations and relative proportions of different N forms in soils are likely to be important determinants of their N nutrition. Therefore, there is a need for greater knowledge of the N profiles of soils. In the study presented here we examined the potential plant-available N in soils from four sites with various agricultural histories (one recently fertilized), using small tension lysimeters to collect free and bound amino acids and inorganic N forms in solution, with minimal soil disturbance and with intact plants present. Subsequent analysis showed that concentrations of free amino acids ranged from 0.1 to 12.7 ?M, whereas concentrations of bound amino acids were on average 50 times higher, and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Although the radioreceptor method is widely used for estrogen receptor assay in human tissue, it has several limitations and a number of alternative methods are being explored. An immunohistochemical method of estrogen receptor assay using a specific antibody to estradiol has been proposed as a suitable alternative. The present study was designed to evaluate the validity of this method in detecting true estrogen receptors in human tumor tissue. Using radioiodinated antibody to estrogen, we have demonstrated that the estrogen antibody can detect the estrogen when it is bound to 4S type receptor but is unable to bind to estrogen when the hormone is bound to 8S type receptor. Our observations suggest that the immunohistochemical method of detection of intracellular cytosolic receptor for estrogen is not a suitable alternative to the currently used radioreceptor method.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Study of the ground-state properties of Kr, Sr and Zr isotopes has been performed in the framework of the relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory using the recently proposed relativistic parameter set NL-SH. It is shown that the RMF theory provides an unified and excellent description of the binding energies, isotope shifts and deformation properties of nuclei over a large range of isospin in the Z=40 region. It is observed that the RMF theory with the force NL-SH is able to describe the anomalous kinks in isotope shifts in Kr and Sr nuclei, the problem which has hitherto remained unresolved. This is in contrast with the density-dependent Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach which does not reproduce the behaviour of the isotope shifts about shell closure. On the Zr chain we predict that the isotope shifts exhibit a trend similar to that of the Kr and Sr nuclei. The RMF theory also predicts shape coexistence in ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The problems associated with treating tachoyons in quantum field theory are discussed, and the quantization proposed by Arons and Sudarshan is chosen as the most satisfactory of the presently available methods, although it is unable to describe interactions in its present form. In order to help determine whether suitable S-matrices can ever be found, a perturbation-type expansion for the S-matrix is considered. It is shown that if the first order term is any polynomial in the tachyon field and its conjugate, then the reinterpreted, or physical, S-matrix will violate unitarity. An example shows that the inclusion of derivatives of the field is also expected to produce non-unitary physical S-matrices. The indications are that a correct interesting theory of tachyons must be non-local.

CERN Document Server

Motivated by the numerical investigations of Laval, Dubrulle & Nazarenko (1999), we develop a quasilinear theory of the 2D Euler equation and derive an integro-differential equation for the evolution of the coarse-grained vorticity. This equation respects all the invariance properties of the Euler equation and conserves angular momentum in a circular domain and linear impulse in a channel (as well as in an infinite domain). The explicit energy is not rigorously conserved as it is partly transfered into fine-grained fluctuations but the total energy is conserved. We prove a H-theorem for the Fermi-Dirac entropy and make the connection with statistical theories of 2D turbulence.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper, the authors use free field techniques in D = 2 string theory t calculate the perturbation of the special state algebras when the cosmological constant is turned on. In particular, the authors find that the 'ground cone' preserved by the ring structure is promoted to a three-dimensional hyperboloid as conjectured by Witten. On the other hand, the perturbed (1,1) current algebra of moduli deformations is computed completely, and no simple geometrical interpretation is found. The authors also quote some facts concerning the Liouville matrix a model dictionary in this class of theories.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The 'elementary' particle physics began in 1935, when Hideki Yukawa published his pioneering pi-meson theory, and the problem of strong interaction was finally solved 40 years later by the establishment of the Standard Model. The composite models of hadrons by the Sakata school and Sin-itiro Tomonaga's renormalization theory for quantum electrodynamics played essential roles for finding this beautiful solution. It is really surprising that it took only 40 years to solve such desperately difficult problem. The 'elementary' particle physics then split into two new fields, quark-hadron physics' and 'unified (ultimate) theory of particle physics', which are now 30 years old already. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We construct the quantum mechanical field operator of the two-dimensional Liouville theory in a finite box. This leads us to the discovery of a new type of triangle relation which does not reduce to the already known ones. We apply our result to the construction of the string model in an arbitrary number of space-time dimensions D. We show that there are no tachyons in -infinite1, which is a strong-coupling region for the Liouville field theory. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A basic treatment of the principle of the linac-driven free-electron laser (FEL) is given. The first part of the paper describes the FEL in low-gain approximation, and in the second part the high-gain FEL theory is given. The majority of the treatment describes FELs in one dimensional approximation, neglecting effects by diffraction of radiation and by electron beam emittance. Only in the final section a few remarks on these issues are given. The ambition of the paper is by no means any progress in FEL theory but a clear presentation of basic FEL theory concepts with explicit derivation of the formulae from first principles. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We discuss various superstring effective actions and, in particular, their common sector which leads to the so-called pre-big-bang cosmology (cosmology in a weak coupling limit of heterotic superstring theory. Using the conformal relationship between these two theories we present Kasner asymptotic solutions of Bianchi type IX geometries within these theories and make predictions about possible emergence of chaos. Finally, we present a possible method of generating Horava-Witten cosmological solutions out of the well-known general relativistic or pre-big-bang solutions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This monograph gives a detailed and pedagogical account of the geometry of rigid superspace and supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories. While the core of the text is concerned with the classical theory, the quantization and anomaly problem are briefly discussed following a comprehensive introduction to BRS differential algebras and their field theoretical applications. Among the treated topics are invariant forms and vector fields on superspace, the matrix-representation of the super-Poincare group, invariant connections on reductive homogeneous spaces and the supermetric approach. Various aspects of the subject are discussed for the first time in textbook and are consistently presented in a unified geometric formalism.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this book the notion of time in classical physics and relativity theory is discussed. After a criticism of the absolute time some alternative measures of time in mechanics are considered. Thereafter the problem of equal time at different points of the space as well as the time in different inertial systems are considered. In this framework the clock paradox is discussed. Then the Lorentz transformation is considered. Thereafter the reconstruction of the absolute time in relativity theory is described. Finally the notion of time in general relativity theory is considered.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This handbook breaks down the complex field of nuclear reactor calculations into major steps. Each step presents a detailed analysis of the problems to be solved, the parameters involved, and the elaborate computer programs developed to perform the calculations. This book bridges the gap between nuclear reactor theory and the implementation of that theory, including the problems to be encountered and the level of confidence that should be given to the methods described. Volume III: Control Rods and Burnable Absorber Calculations. Perturbation Theory for Nuclear Reactor Analysis. Thermal Reactors Calculations. Fast Reactor Calculations. Seed-Blanket Reactors. Index.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The validity of the Big Bang theory is evaluated. The basis of the Big Band theory and the supercluster observations of Tully, which conflict with the Big Band theory, are discussed. Various explanations for the existence of supercluster observations are proposed. The cosmic background explorer (COBE) is being utilized to detect energetic processes. The COBE contains a far IR absolute spectrometer, a differential microwave radiometer, and a diffuse IR background experiment. The hypothesis of the evolution of the universe of Hannes Alfven, which emphasizes the importance of electricity and magnetism, is presented and research illustrating the importance of electric currents and magnetic fields in space is examined.

Science.gov (United States)

The maximum fissile fuel production capacity of three conceptual fusion breeder systems is examined on the basis of the dominant isotopic-balance processes. Compact relationships involving system power output, plasma and energy multiplication, and parameters which describe the fuel cycle and neutron spectrum in the blanket are established. It is found that the fusion breeder, as characterized herein, possesses a substantial fissile fuel breeding capacity the extent of which is governed primarily by the neutron spectrum in the conversion blanket and the break-even condition of the plasma.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Spider venoms provide a highly valuable source of peptide toxins that act on a wide diversity of membrane-bound receptors and ion channels. In this work, we report isolation, biochemical analysis, and...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen and surface structures allow it to adhere to, colonize and invade the human host. Proteins containing leucine rich repeats (LRR)...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

The early idea that a non-perturbative gluon condensate affects the spectrum of heavy quarks is revisited in the light of modern simulation techniques. We evaluate the low lying spectrum of bound states of two heavy quarks for large hypothetical quark mass, m_Q > m_b, using non-relativistic QCD and compare with other models to test the consistency.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We study the one-phase Stefan problem on a semi-infinite strip x> or =0, with the convective boundary condition -KT/sub x/(0,t) = h[T/sub L/--T(0,t)]. Points of intrest include: a) behavior of the surface temperature T(0,t); b) asymptotic behavior as h#->#infinity; c) uniqueness, and d) bounds on the phase change front and total system energy.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Klein-Gordan equation in the background of the Schwarzschild curved space-time is considered and the scattering of radial tardyons and tachyons from a black hole is studied. It is shown that black holes of mass below 7x10/sup 14/g may contain bound states of tardyons of pion mass which will be unstable on account of the presence of an attractive r/sup -4/ term.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The movement of cells and cell fragments in an electric field provided a means for determining the nature of cellular surface charges. We found that changes in ionic strength and particularly changes...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An e.p.r. spectrum of the reduced form of the electron-transport component (X), thought to be the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem I, was obtained. By using line-shape simulations of this component...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

Given a countable set X (usually taken to be the natural numbers or integers), an infinite permutation, \\pi, of X is a linear ordering of X. This paper investigates the combinatorial complexity of infinite permutations on the natural numbers associated with the image of uniformly recurrent aperiodic binary words under the letter doubling map. An upper bound for the complexity is found for general words, and a formula for the complexity is established for the Sturmian words and the Thue-Morse word.

Science.gov (United States)

One of the main goals in the operation of a cupola furnace is to keep the molten iron properties within prescribed bounds while maintaining the most economical operation for the cupola. In this paper the authors present a procedure to obtain the nominal values for the manipulated process variables. The nominal values are calculated by solving a constrained nonlinear programming optimization problem. Two different optimization problems are discussed and examples for using the procedure are presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Measurements of the two-body recombination of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen in a magnetic field of 40 kG have been extended to temperatures above 0.5/sup 0/K. The rate constant for the formation of parahydrogen shows an unexpected increase with temperature, which is explained by inverse predissociation into the v = 14,J = 4 level of H/sub 2/. Data indicate the level is bound by 0.7 +- 0.1/sup 0/K.

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Sep 21, 2000 ... PS-Adobe-3.0 %%BoundingBox: 54 54 558 738 %%Title: Graphics ...... 36 -48 R 25 1628 R 61 817 R 61 -352 R 61 -345 R 61 -1915 R 61 -1141 R 61 ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The hydrogen bonding of ligated water in ferric, high-spin, resting-state substrate complexes of heme oxygenase from Neisseria meningitidis has been systematically perturbed...Full Text Available

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Methods of solving Navier-Stokes equations for turbulent channel flow are given. These numerical solutions utilize either Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions. Computer codes were written and tested and are discussed. Digital image processing of flow visualization video sequences, taken simultaneously with vorticity probe measurements in a turbulent boundary layer, were carried out. 4 figs. (GHH)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using the experimentally determined cutoff energies of the muon-electron and the pion-electron conversion curves in a tachyon-bradyon model of the electron and the muon, the magnetic moments of these particles have been derived and found to be the Bohr magnetons identically. The tachyons, being bound to the bradyons and unable to drop below the speed of light, cause the bradyons to revolve in an orbit. It is this orbital motion of the charged bradyons that generates the magnetic moments.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Given a graph G=(V,E), a vertex colouring of V is t-frugal if no colour appears more than t times in any neighbourhood and is acyclic if each of the bipartite graphs consisting of the edges between any two colour classes is acyclic. For graphs of bounded maximum degree, Hind et al. (1997) [14] studied proper t-frugal colourings and Yuster (1998) [22] studied acyclic proper 2-frugal colourings. In this paper, we expand and generalise this study.

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Solid state effects are taken into account in an internal conversion coefficients computation by using Wigner-Seitz boundary conditions. Both the bound and free electron wave functions are calculated from an atomic Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater self consistent potential. These internal conversion coefficients are compared with those obtained from the usual free atom boundary conditions.

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Specifically this report: 1. Compares requirements of the WAP that are pertinent from a technical viewpoint with the WIPP pre-Permit waste characterization program, 2. Presents the results of a risk analysis of the currently emplaced wastes. Expected and bounding risks from routine operations and possible accidents are evaluated; and 3. Provides conclusions and recommendations.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) also known as MAPKAP-Ks are serine/threonine protein kinases that are activated by ERK or PDK1 and act as downstream effectors of mitogen-activated protein kinase...Full Text Available

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The correlation between baryon number and strangeness elucidates the nature of strongly interacting matter. This diagnostic can be extracted theoretically from lattice QCD calculations and experimentally from event-by-event fluctuations. The analysis of present lattice results above the critical temperature severely limits the presence of q{bar q} bound states, thus supporting a picture of independent (quasi)quarks. Details may be found in [1].

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2.1.1 Stochastic decision and control approaches .... 14. 2.1.2 Queueing theory ...... Infoton Vistar/2 terminal keyboard) is used by the pilot for ...

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Models are proposed which explain the mechanism of action on a molecular level for the initiation of cancer by electrons or alpha particles. (ACR)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study emphasizes the need for a systematic and in-depth connection between the progress in quantum theory of energetic ion collisions and applications to hadron therapy. Scattering theory for fast ion beams has reached its stage of development where accurate and robustly applicable methodologies can advantageously be exported to applied fields such as space research, fusion energy program, medicine, etc. In particular, distorted wave collision theories at high energies readily provide total, partial and fully differential cross sections for inelastic collisions of ionic projectiles with any target system. By numerous and thorough testings, such theoretical cross sections were found to exhibit excellent agreement with experimental data on atomic targets. Adequate extensions of these me...

CERN Document Server

The ubiquitous ADE classification has induced many proposals of often mysterious correspondences both in mathematics and physics. The mathematics side includes quiver theory and the McKay Correspondence which relates finite group representation theory to Lie algebras as well as crepant resolutions of Gorenstein singularities. On the physics side, we have the graph-theoretic classification of the modular invariants of WZW models, as well as the relation between the string theory nonlinear $\\sigma$-models and Landau-Ginzburg orbifolds. We here propose a unification scheme which naturally incorporates all these correspondences of the ADE type in two complex dimensions. An intricate web of inter-relations is constructed, providing a possible guideline to establish new directions of research or alternate pathways to the standing problems in higher dimensions.

CERN Document Server

This essay aims to summarize the main physical features arising from a new supersymmetric theory of gravitation. Based on preliminary discussions about classical field theory, cosmology, algebra and group theory, and taking formal results and theoretical considerations in comparison with several contributions from great authors, present work deals with gravity inside the limits of a meta-field theory, that is, a non-quantized but consistent representation of supergravity, the supersymmetry between gravitons and gravitinos. The introduction of meta-fields furnishes an independent framework for the study of gravity despite of constraints of quantization, treating the supersymmetric partners as deterministic actors of gravitation and not simply probabilistic entities. I explain my belief that gravitational field, by its own nature, is not quantizable in the same foot as the other fields, what does not ...

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Evolution in Space Radio Telescopes Reveal Youngest Stellar Corpse Gas Clouds in Whirlpool Galaxy Yield Important Clues Supporting Theory on Spiral Arms Starbust-driven Winds...

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This is a set of lecture notes given by the author at the Universities of Gottingen and Wroclaw. The text presents the axiomatic approach to field theory and studies in depth the concepts of symmetry and supersymmetry and their associated generators, currents and charges. It is intended as a one- semester course for graduate students in the field of mathematical physics and high energy physics. Contents: Introduction; Example of a Classical and Quantum Scalar Free Field Theory; Scene and Subject of the Drama. Axiom 1 and 2; Subject of the Drama; Principle of Relativity. Causality. Axiom 3, 4 and 5; Irreducibility of the Field Algebra and Scattering Theory. Axiom 6. Axiom O; Preliminaries about Physical Symmetries; Currents and Charges; Global Symmetries and Supersymmetries of the S - Matrix; Representations of the Super-Lie Algebra; The Case of Massless Particles; Fermionic Charges; Concluding Remarks.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Causal paradoxes arising in the tachyon theory have been systematically solved by using the reinterpretation principle as a consequence of which cause and effect no longer retain an absolute meaning. However, even in the tachyon theory, a cause is always seen to chronologically precede its effect, but this is obtained at the price of allowing cause and effect to be interchanged when required. A recent result has shown that this interchange-ability of cause and effect must not be unlimited if heavy paradoxes are to be avoided. This partial recovery of the classical concept of causality has been expressed by the conjecture that transcendent tachyons cannot be absorbed by a tachyon detector. In this paper the directional properties of the flow of information between two observers in relative motion and its consequences on the logical self-consistency of the theory of superluminal particles are analyzed. It is shown that the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Yang-Mills equations are formulated in the form of generalized Maurer-Cartan equations, such that the corresponding algebraic operations are shown to satisfy the defining relations of homotopy Lie superalgebra.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Animal communication theory predicts that low-frequency cheating should be common in generally honest signalling systems. However, perhaps because cheats are designed to go undetected, there are few...Full Text Available

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Current models of DNA repair of biological damage are reviewed correlating the similarity between carcinogenesis and mutagenesis theories. (PCS)

CERN Document Server

We show that causality constrains the sign of quartic Riemann corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action. Our constraint constitutes a restriction on candidate theories of quantum gravity.

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... each star goes. The results of (1) are compared with predictions based on (2) and on single star evolution theory to discover the various stages which occur. ...

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... 28, No. 12B, December 1986, pp. 1931-1942. Dattner, A. and Eninger, J., "Studies of a Coaxial Plasma Gun," The Physics of Fluids, Vol. 7, No. ...

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... F ? (28.3)(108) in an isotherme.l deformation with stationary principal axes of strain rate, but the component might be as small as F2= (19-3)(100) ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The neutron star parameters in the model extended by the inclusion of #delta# meson and additional nonlinear vector meson interactions are studied.

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Feb 13, 2005 ... Part 8 of a non-mathematical historical review of elementary quantum theory, to help explain processes in the Sun and in stars; part of an ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The wavelength dependence of the threshold in an InGaP-InAlGaP vertical cavity surface emitting laser is investigated using a microscopic theory of the semiconductor gain medium. Good agreement is found between experiment and theory for the minimum threshold lasing wavelength for a range of laser structures.

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Using the boson-fermion equivalence in 2-d conformal field theory and the boson-boson equivalence of the superconformal bosonic ghost fields of the string theory, the authors construct a level {Kappa} = +1 representation of the affine superalgebra OSp(M*N)/sup 1/ in terms of vertex operators.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present a general procedure to construct the first law of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon and illustrate its validity by examining it in some extended gravity theories. Applying this procedure, we can describe the thermodynamics on the apparent horizon in Randall-Sundrum braneworld imbedded in a nontrivial bulk. We discuss the mass-like function which was used to link Friedmann equation to the first law of thermodynamics and obtain its special case which gives the generalized Misner-Sharp mass in Lovelock gravity.

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This book examines some of the basic principles behind chemical reactions kinetics. Topics considered include ab initio determination of potential energy for chemical reactions; semi-empirical potential energy surfaces; general theory of reactive scattering: different equation approach; and integral equation approach to reactive scattering.

CERN Document Server

An extension of data mining, text mining involves the extraction of information and knowledge from unstructured text. This constantly evolving field is increasingly used by major corporations, such as Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft. Featuring contributions from leading researchers in the field, this book provides a detailed overview of text mining theory, applications, and visualization. The theory section discusses text mining, information retrieval, latent semantic analysis, pagerank, latent Dirichlet allocation, and probabilistic relational models. In the section on text mining applications,

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Cutkosky rules are generalized to include tachyons. A consequence is that Lorentz-invariant interacting theories which possess tachyons cannot obey even the weakest possible form of unitarity beyond the tree level. The problem (although not the cutting rules) is shown to extend to bosonic string theory. Thus unitarity cannot be used to determine the range of modular integration in bosonic string loop amplitudes.

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Using a simple model for soft self-consistent nonperturbative string fragmentation-recombination loops, we find that, in an open-string theory, ground-state particles necessary for the standard model either become tachyons or acquire large (Planck-scale) masses, making them unacceptable for sub-Planck-scale phenomenology. No comparable difficulties are evident for closed-string theories.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lorentz invariant theory of second quantization of superluminal electromagnetic fields has been constructed in purely group theoretical manner by using the reduced expansion of four-vector fields for imaginary mass system in terms of standard helicity representations of Poincare group. It has been shown that the usual relationship of spin and statistics need not be inverted for Lorentz invariance of the theory of spin-1 tachyons. (author).

CERN Document Server

We attempt to reformulate eleven dimensional supergravity in terms of an object that unifies the three-form and the metric and makes the M-theory duality group manifest. This short note deals with the case of where the U-duality group SO(5,5) acts in five spatial dimensions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The results of work of making the electronic textbook of special discipline ('General theory and construction of heat-and-power engineering facilities' are brought. The principles and requirements, presented towards literature of such type, are outlined. (author)

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It is demonstrated that normal pitting can occur during oxidizing conditions in the repository. It is also concluded that a new theory for pitting corrosion has to be developed, as the present theory is not in accordance with all practical and experimental observations. A special variant of pitting, based on the growth of sulfide whiskers, is suggested to occur during reducing conditions. However, such a mechanism needs to be demonstrated experimentally. A simple calculational model of canister corrosion was developed based on the results of this study. 69 refs, 3 figs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

meyer r.m. & o’brien-pallas l.l. (2010)Nursing services delivery theory: an open system approach. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(12), 2828–2838.AimThis...Full Text Available

Wastenet

...Correction Discussion Editorial Letter Opinion Review Short Note Technical Note Special Issue all A Systematic Development Method for Rational Drug Design Advances in Molecular Electronic Structure Calculations Algorithms and Molecular Sciences Antimicrobial Agents Application of Density Functional Theory Applications of Density Functional Theory Applications of Molecular Dynamics Atoms in Molecules ...

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We have used an extension of the BFFT formalism presented by Banerjee et al. in order to gauge the nonlinear sigma model by means of a non-Abelian algebra. we have considered the supersymmetric and the usual cases. We have shown that the supersymmetric case is only consistently transformed in a first-class theory by means of a non-Abelian algebra. The usual BFFT treatment leads to a nonlocal theory. (author) 6 refs.

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Straightforward, though formal, arguments are presented to establish that the effective action and potential are gauge covariant at the symmetry-breaking point. We establish that in certain classes of gauge, covariant and axial gauges for Abelian theories and axial gauges for non-Abelian theories, the Nielsen equation for the effective potential can be put into closed form. Scalar electrodynamics is presented in detail in covariant and axial gauges.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Two sets of analytical correlations describing transitions between two-phase flow regimes are reviewed and discussed. One, the T-D set, is based on mechanistic models; the other, the Weisman set, on experimental correlations. The T-D set is preferred for horizontal flow, whereas the Weisman set seems preferrable for vertical flow. A computer code (FLOP) based on the T-D theory is described and applied to validate the theory.

CERN Document Server

Two crucial properties of QCD, confinement and chiral symmetry breaking, cannot be understand within the context of conventional Feynman perturbation theory. Non-perturbative phenomena enter the theory in a fundamental way at both the classical and quantum level. Over they years a coherent qualitative picture of the interplay between chiral symmetry, quantum mechanical anomalies, and the lattice has emerged and is reviewed here.

CERN Document Server

We discuss three distinct topics of independent interest; one in enumerative combinatorics, one in symmetric function theory, and one in algebraic geometry. The topic in enumerative combinatorics concerns a q-analog of a generalization of the Eulerian polynomials, the one in symmetric function theory deals with a refinement of the chromatic symmetric functions of Stanley, and the one in algebraic geometry deals with Tymoczko's representation of the symmetric group on the cohomology of the regular semisimple Hessenberg variety of type A. Our purpose is to explore some remarkable connections between these topics.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is formulated Witten's proposal of a covariant open-string theory in terms of oscillator modes and shown that some basic axioms for the noncommutative geometry are obeyed as algebraic operations, which were defined previously from a geometrical point of view. Our strategy is based on the proper bosonization of the conformal ghost fields.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using the reduced WZNW formulation we analyse the classical W-orbit content of the space of classical solutions of the A_2 Toda theory. We define the quantized Toda field as a periodic primary field of the W-algebra satisfying the quantized equations of motion. We show that this local operator can be constructed consistently only in Hilbert space consisting of the representation corresponding to the minimal models of the W-algebra. (orig.).

CERN Document Server

Testing deviation of GR is one of the main goals of the proposed {\\emph{Laser Interferometer Space Antenna}}, a space-based gravitational-wave observatory. For the first time, we consistently compute the generation of gravitational waves from extreme-mass ratio inspirals (stellar compact objects into supermassive black holes) in a well-motivated alternative theory of gravity, that to date remains weakly constrained by double binary pulsar observations. The theory we concentrate on is Chern-Simons (CS) modified gravity, a 4-D, effective theory that is motivated both from string theory and loop-quantum gravity, and which enhances the Einstein-Hilbert action through the addition of a dynamical scalar field and the parity-violating Pontryagin density. We show that although point particles continue to follow geodesics in the modified theory, the background about which they inspiral is a ...

CERN Document Server

We consider two-dimensional large N gauge theory with D adjoint scalars on a torus, which is obtained from a D+2 dimensional pure Yang-Mills theory on T^{D+2} with D small radii. The two dimensional model has various phases characterized by the holonomy of the gauge field around non-contractible cycles of the 2-torus. We determine the phase boundaries and derive the order of the phase transitions using a method developed in an earlier work (hep-th/0910.4526), which is nonperturbative in the 'tHooft coupling and uses a 1/D expansion. We embed our phase diagram in the more extensive phase structure of the D+2 dimensional Yang-Mills theory and match with the picture of a cascade of phase transitions found earlier in lattice calculations (hep-lat/0710.0098). We also propose a dual gravity system based on a Scherk-Schwarz compactification of a D2 brane wrapped on a 3-torus and find a phase structure which is similar to the phase ...

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In this paper, we study data structures for use in N-body simulation. We concentrate on the spatial decomposition tree used in particle-cluster force evaluation algorithms such as the Barnes-Hut algorithm. We prove that a k-d tree is asymptotically inferior to a spatially balanced tree. We show that the worst case complexity of the force evaluation algorithm using a k-d tree is {Theta}(n log{sup 3} n log L) compared with {Theta}(n log L) for an oct-tree. (L is the separation ratio of the set of points.) We also investigate improving the constant factor of the algorithm, and present several methods which improve over the standard oct-tree decomposition. Finally, we consider whether or not the bounding box of a point set should be {open_quotes}tight{close_quotes}, and show that it is only safe to use tight bounding boxes for binary decompositions. The results are all directly applicable to practical implementations of N-body algorithms.