UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A regional analysis of nucleotide substitution rates along human genes and their flanking regions allows us to quantify the effect of mutational mechanisms associated with transcription in germ line...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

The presented results are the first measurements at RHIC for direct $\\gamma$-charged hadron azimuthal correlations in heavy ion collisions. We use these correlations to study the color charge density of the medium through the medium-induced modification of high-p$_T$ parton fragmentation. Azimuthal correlations of direct photons at high transverse energy (8 $<$ p$_T$ $<$ 16 GeV) with away-side charged hadrons of transverse momentum (3 $<$ p$_T$ $<$ 6 GeV/c) have been measured over a broad range of centrality for $Au+Au$ collisions and $p+p$ collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV in the STAR experiment. A transverse shower shape analysis in the STAR Barrel Electromagnetic Calorimeter Shower Maximum Detector is used to discriminate between the direct photons and photons from the decays of high p$_T$ $\\pi^{0}$. The per-trigger away-side yield of direct $\\gamma$ is smaller than from ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plantago ovata Forsk - an economically important medicinal plant - was analyzed for trace elements and chlorophyll in a study of the effects of gamma radiation on physiological responses of the seedlings. Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique was used to quantify trace elements in unirradiated and gamma-irradiated plants at the seedling stage. The experiments revealed radiation-induced changes in the trace element and chlorophyll concentrations.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A large IMF- and event characterizing multidetector system (CHICSI) is under development for storage ring experiments. In ''test'' experiments with telescopes of CHICSI type the IMF production has been measured for "1"4N induced reactions at 14A and 32A MeV. Detailed information about the emission sources, particularly from the IMF yield in reactions with isotope separated targets and from isobaric yield ratios in the sub-Coulomb region is discussed. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

When quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) is applied to the nuclear reactions in theory of relativity region, a number of problems arise, and in order to solve them, the prescription of the extension of ordinary nonrelativistic QMD is introduced, and the analysis of proton incidence reaction by using it is shown. By introducing the interaction corresponding to Lorentz transformation, the problems were solved. QMD is the semiclassical simulation that treats the motion of nucleons represented by Gauss wave packet. The motion of wave packet center is expressed by Newton equations and two-nucleon collision. The introduction of the interaction corresponding to Lorentz transformation is explained. As the result of the introduction, through the relative distance of two particles, the interaction becomes to depend on momentum. The phase distribution function of one body corresponding to Lorentz transformation is used for calculating the final state Pauli effect of ...

J-STORE (Japan)

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CERN Document Server

We entertain the idea that a suitable background of cold (very low momentum) pseudoscalar particles or condensate, may trigger a background that effectively generates Lorentz-invariance violation. This aether-like background induces a Chern-Simons modification of QED. Physics is different in different frames and, in the rest frame of the pseudoscalar background, high momentum photons can decay into pairs. The threshold for such decay depends quadratically on the rest mass of the particles. This mechanism could explain in a natural way why antiprotons are absent in recent cosmic ray measurements. A similar signal could be used as a probe of pseudoscalar condensation in heavy ion collisions.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Sulfur mustard (HD) is an alkylating and cytotoxic chemical warfare agent, which inflicts severe skin toxicity and an inflammatory response. Effective medical countermeasures against HD-caused skin toxicity are lacking due to limited knowledge of related mechanisms, which is mainly attributed to the requirement of more applicable and efficient animal skin toxicity models. Using a less toxic analog of HD, chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), we identified quantifiable inflammatory biomarkers of CEES-induced skin injury in dose- (0.05-2 mg) and time- (3-168 h) response experiments, and developed a CEES-induced skin toxicity SKH-1 hairless mouse model. Topical CEES treatment at high doses caused a significant dose-dependent increase in skin bi-fold thickness indicating edema. Histopathological e...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Comparisons of calculated neutron yield distributions from #alpha#-particle induced reactions on thick targets are made with measured data to analyze the initial reaction process in the framework of the exciton (hybrid) model code ALICE91 (M. Blann, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Report UCID 19614, 1982). We have considered two reaction mechanisms: dissolution of the #alpha# in the nuclear field, and preequilibrium processes initiated by #alpha#-nucleon collisions. Both these processes seem to contribute to the emitted neutron spectra in varying proportions depending on the incident #alpha# energy and possibly on the target nucleus. Contributions from other processes appear to be non-negligible.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ekpyrotic and cyclic cosmologies provide theories of the very early and of the very late universe. In these models, the big bang is described as a collision of branes - and thus the big bang is not the beginning of time. Before the big bang, there is an ekpyrotic phase with equation of state w=P/({rho}) >>1 (where P is the average pressure and {rho} the average energy density) during which the universe slowly contracts. This phase resolves the standard cosmological puzzles and generates a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological perturbations containing a significant non-Gaussian component. At the same time it produces small-amplitude gravitational waves with a blue spectrum. The dark energy dominating the present-day cosmological evolution is reinterpreted as a small attractive force between our brane and a parallel one. This force eventually induces a new ekpyrotic phase and a new brane collision, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A formalism for the dynamical treatment of the molecular orbitals of valence nucleons in nucleus-nucleus collisions is developed with the use of the coupled-reaction-channel (CRC) method. The Coriolis coupling effects as well as the finite mass effects of the nucleon are taken into account in this model, of rotating molecular orbitals, RMO. First, the validity of the concept is examined from the viewpoint of the multi-step processes in a standard CRC calculation for systems containing two identical [core] nuclei. The calculations show strong CRC effects particularly in the case where the mixing of different l-parity orbitals - called hybridization in atomic physics - occurs. Then, the RMO representation for active nucleons is applied to the same systems and compared to the CRC results. Its validity is investigated with respect to the radial motion (adiabaticity) and the rotation of the molecular axis (radial and rotational coupling). Characteristic molecular ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To our knowledge, the fluorescence studies of lanthanides in LiCl-KCl eutectic molten salt at a high temperature are not reported yet. The fluorescence of the lanthanide-ions was generally decreased when the temperature was increased. Moreover, the fluorescence of the lanthanides was strong when the sample was solidified to or from the melt. The temperature, where the fluorescence was decreased, was identified to be different depending on the species of the lanthanides and the substrates was considered to possibly be from quenching of the fluorescence due to either the collisions of melted samples induced by high temperature media or the re-absorption of fluorescence by the samples. Several comparison experiments were performed to explain and understand this phenomenon and improve the fluorescence. In this way, an on-line monitoring of chemical species and the concentration for lanthanides elements in molten salt media of pyrochemical process ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The present investigation is concerned with the effect of Hall currents on boundary layer flow, and heat and mass transfer of an electrically conducting fluid over an unsteady stretching sheet in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The electron-atom collision frequency is assumed to be relatively high, so that the Hall effect is assumed to exist, while the induced magnetic field is neglected. The governing time-dependent boundary layer equations for momentum, thermal energy, and concentration are reduced using a similarity transformation to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. The similarity ordinary differential equations are then solved numerically by the successive linearization method together with the Chebyshev pseudo-spectral collocation method. Effects of the Prand...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Most heat shock proteins (Hsps) function as molecular chaperones that help organisms to cope with stress. Although the best empirical evidence is related to heat shock, there is evidence that Hsps and their encoding genes are involved in resistance to other ecologically relevant types of stresses such as those imposed by high population density. We quantified density-dependent gene expression of large (i.e. Hsp40, Hsc70 and Hsp90) and small (Hsp20.5, Hsp20.6 and Hsp20.7) heat shock genes in neural tissue of fifth-instar nymphs of the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera, using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Locusts are of particular interest when studying the influence of stress induced by high population density since they show an extreme form of phenotypic plastici...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors use a Glauber multiple-collision model to examine the dynamics of nucleus-nucleus collisions. The model introduces a stopping law, which describes how a baryon loses energy in a baryon-baryon collision, and a particle production law, which is based on the baryon energy loss. The model gives results on the longitudinal energy loss which compare well with the recent WA80 experimental data for /sup 16/O on various targets at 60 and 200 GeV per nucleon. The stopping law that is needed to fit the experimental zero-degree spectra reveals that the degree of stopping in these high-energy nuclear collisions is high.

Science.gov (United States)

Ionizing radiation is a standard treatment for various human solid tumors. However, several clinical studies showed that a significant proportion of patients undergoing radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develop intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastasis. Understanding of radiation-induced cancer cell invasiveness and behavior is essential and of great important for developing suitable treatment strategies to contain cancer spread. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the effectiveness of using swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to monitor the enhancement of HCC cell invasiveness by radiation. SS-OCT images were acquired and recorded to obtain three-dimensional data sets per four hours in 48 hours after irradiating HepG2 cells with 7.5 Gy. The cell migration behavior in three-dimensional tissue models was quantified from images of radiation-induced and sham-irradiated cells.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A one-dimensional numerical model for the expansion of impact-produced vapor clouds is used to investigate magnetic field generation mechanisms in events such as meteor collisions with the moon. The resulting cloud properties, such as ionization fraction, electrical conductivity, radial expansion velocity, mass density, and energy density are estimated. The model is initiated with the peak shock states and pressure thresholds for incipient and complete vaporization of anorthosite lunar surface materials by iron and GA composition meteorites. The expansion of the spherical gas cloud into a vacuum was traced with a one-dimensional explicit lagrangian hydrodynamic code. The hypervelocity impact plasmas produced are found to be significant in the amplitudes and orientations of the magnetic fields generated. An ambient magnetic field could have been provided by the core dynamo, which would have interacted with the expanding plasmas and formed ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A unified physically based ion implantation damage model has been developed which successfully predicts both the impurity profiles and the damage profiles for a wide range of implant conditions for arsenic, phosphorus, BF{sub 2}, and boron implants into single-crystal silicon. In addition, the amorphous layer thicknesses predicted by this new damage model are also in excellent agreement with experimental measurements. This damage model is based on the physics of point defects in silicon, and explicitly simulates the defect production, diffusion, and their interactions which include interstitial-vacancy recombination, clustering of same type of defects, defect-impurity complex formation, emission of mobile defects from clusters, and surface effects for the first time. New computationally efficient algorithms have been developed to overcome the barrier of the excessive computational requirements. In addition, the new model has been incorporated in the UT-MARLOWE ion implantation ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Investigations of superdense compression touch on such problems as ultrahigh-frequency oscillations of matter in the generation of gravitational waves, the powerful pumping of hard coherent radiation, and the laboratory simulation of stellar interiors. This paper reviews the theory of supercompression and discusses some experiments involving multifoil collision supercompression.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A survey is given of the influence of surface deformations on heavy ion reactions. Emphasis is put on the effect of zeropoint fluctuations in the entrance channel and on the effect on grazing collisions in terms of an imaginary part of the scattering potential.

CERN Document Server

The problem of spectra formation in hydrodynamic approach to A+A collisions is discussed. It is analyzed in terms of the two different objects: distribution and emission functions. We show that though the process of particle liberation, described by the emission function, is, usually, continuous in time, the observable spectra can be also expressed by means of the Landau/Cooper-Frye prescription. We argue that such an approximate duality results from some symmetry properties that systems in A+A collisions reach to the end of hydrodynamic evolution and reduction of the collision rate at post hydrodynamic stage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Union (INTAS), Brussels (Belgium) Science and Technology Center in Unkraine,

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal response to neural stimulation is influenced by many factors that are unrelated to the stimulus. These factors are physiological, such as the resting venous cerebral blood volume (CBV(v)) and vessel size, as well as experimental, such as pulse sequence and static magnetic field strength (B(0)). Thus, it is difficult to compare task-induced fMRI signals across subjects, field strengths, and pulse sequences. This problem can be overcome by normalizing the neural activity-induced BOLD fMRI response by a global hypercapnia-induced BOLD signal. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the BOLD normalization approach, gradient-echo BOLD fMRI at 1.5, 4, and 7 T and spin-echo BOLD fMRI at 4 T were performed in human subjects. For neural stimulation, subjects performed sequential finger movements at 2 Hz, while for global stimulation, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The collisions of high energy photons produced at an electron-positron collider provide a comprehensive laboratory for testing QCD, electroweak interactions, and extensions of the standard model. The luminosity and energy of the colliding photons produced by backscattering laser beams is expected to be comparable to that of the primary e"+e"- collisions. In this overview, we shall focus on tests of electroweak theory in photon-photon annihilation, particularly #gamma##gamma##->#W"+W"-, #gamma##gamma##->#Higgs bosons, and higher-order loop processes, such as #gamma##gamma##->##gamma##gamma#, Z#gamma# and ZZ. Since each photon can be resolved into a W"+W"- pair, high energy photon-photon collisions can also provide a remarkably background-free laboratory for studying WW collisions and annihilation. We also review high energy #gamma##gamma# tests of quantum chromodynamics, such as the scaling of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A CANDU nuclear reactor was shut down for over one year because steam generator (SG) tubes had failed with outer diameter stress-corrosion cracking (ODSCC) in the U-bend section. Novel, single-pass eddy current transmit-receive probes, denoted as C3, were successful in detecting all significant cracks so that the cracked tubes could be plugged and the unit restarted. Significant numbers of tubes with SCC were removed from a SG in order to validate the results of the new probe. Results from metallurgical examinations were used to obtain probability-of-detection (POD) and sizing accuracy plots to quantify the performance of this new inspection technique. Though effective, the above approach of relying on tubes removed from a reactor is expensive, in terms of both economic and radiation-exposure costs. This led to a search for more affordable methods to validate inspection techniques and procedures. Methods are presented for calculating POD curves based on ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of the ratio of the characteristic intensity to the continuum background intensity (P/B ratio) of the X-ray spectrum for a quantitative ion microprobe (IMP) or PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) analysis of thin biological specimens was proposed previously. The IMP analysis of thick biological specimens is also of considerable practical use. In this paper, the possibility of using the P/B ratio to quantify minor elements in thick biological specimens is investigated. The epoxy resin based standards with gradual concentrations of KCNS up to 0.6 mol/kg and NBS bovine liver were analyzed by a 27 MeV {alpha} particle microprobe. The measured peak to background ratios (between 4.4 to 5.7 keV) agreed well with the theoretical calculations. The calculations showed that the concentration dependence of the P/B ratios was determined mainly by the absorption of X-rays in specimens. The results indicate that the P/B method is useful for IMP ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The rate coefficients for the reactions of OH radical with CH3Br and CH2Br2 were measured as functions of temperature using the laser photolysis - laser induced fluorescence method. This data was incorporated into a semiempirical model (Solomon et al., 1992) and a 2D model to calculate the steady-state ozone depletion potentials (ODP) and atmospheri lifetimes, tau, with greatly improved accuracy as compared to earlier studies. The calculated ODPs and tau are 0.65 and 1.7 years and 0.17 and 0.41 years for CH3Br and CH2Br2, respectively, using the semiempirical model. These lifetimes agree well with those calculated using a 2D model. This study better quantifies the ODPs and tau of these species which are needed inputs for discussion of possible regulation of human emissions currently under international considerations. 29 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: An adaptive response is a decreased biological effect induced by a priming radiation dose given prior to a challenge dose. Adaptive responses contradict the linear-nothreshold model of risk estimation. The pKZ1 mouse chromosomal inversion assay is an extremely sensitive assay for studying the mutagenic effect of low dose radiation. A non-linear dose response for chromosomal inversion has been observed in pKZ1 spleen and prostate after a single whole body irradiation with doses between 1?Gy and 10mGy. Doses between 5-10?Gy resulted in an induction in inversions and doses between 1-10mGy resulted in a reduction below endogenous inversion frequency. These results suggest that doses in the 1-10 mGy range cause host responses which overcompensate by not only preventing inversions that would normally occur as a result of the low doses of radiation but also by preventing some of the endogenous inversions that would have occurred in the absence of radiation. It ...

Science.gov (United States)

... study is to collect data in previously harvested timber stands to quantify the differences in herbaceous diversity ... ...

CERN Document Server

A simple model is outlined to describe the collision of cast phenol-formaldehyde resin spheres such as the balls used in the parlor game of pocket billiards, based in part on the famous analysis of elastic collisions developed by Heinrich Hertz over 100 years ago. The analysis treats the normal and tangential components of the initial sphere's velocity independently as it collides with a stationary identical second sphere. The collective effects of these and other parameters on the trajectory of the second sphere are provided in the conclusions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The object of this research is to study reactivity at superthermal collision energies using a fast neutral beam that is generated by photodetachment. Systems scheduled for initial study include basic oxygen-hydrogen reactions. Unfortunately, we can not yet report realization of this goal, but during this funding period we have made advances that are anticipated to lead to successful measurements during the next year. The parameters described below refer to the model system O + H{sub 2} {yields} OH + H. The basic design involves the collision of fast neutrals, created by photodetachment of the corresponding negative molecular ion, with a stable reactant gas in a collision cell. Products are detected by ionization and mass analysis. We are equipped to study rotational effects on reactivity by comparing results for rotational levels J = 0 and 1 of H{sub 2}. Highlights during the funding period are given in this report.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The energy level schemes of tin isotopes produced in the heavy ion reactions are presented. The using of #gamma# spectroscopy technique is also described. 4 refs, 12 figs.

Science.gov (United States)

... non- emissive guidance and collision alert, automated transport in dynamic environments, and assembly and inspection. Foveal Vision, Autonomous Agents, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This work covers three distinct aspects of deformation and fracture during indentations. In particular, we develop an approach to verification of nanoindentation induced film fracture in hard film/soft substrate systems; we examine the ability to perform these experiments in harsh environments; we investigate the methods by which the resulting deformation from indentation can be quantified and correlated to computational simulations, and we examine the onset of plasticity during indentation testing. First, nanoindentation was utilized to induce fracture of brittle thin oxide films on compliant substrates. During the indentation, a load is applied and the penetration depth is continuously measured. A sudden discontinuity, indicative of film fracture, was observed upon the loading portion of the load-depth curve. The mechanical properties of thermally grown oxide films on various substrates were calculated using two different ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this work was to develop a method to distinguish between different ion formation processes and to determine the influence of these processes on the total number of detected monatomic ions of a certain element. A vector/matrix-formalism was developed, which describes the physical processes of sputtering, ion formation, mass separation and detection in laser-SNMS. In the framework of the method developed, based on this theoretic formalism, changes in the secondary flux contribution of the respective element were observed by comparing the detected monatomic ion yield obtained in specifically aligned (SIMS and) laser-SNMS experiments. The yields resulting from these experiments were used to calculate characteristic numbers to compare the flux composition from different surfaces. The potential of the method was demonstrated for the elements boron, iron and gadolinium by investigating the changes in the flux composition of secondary particles sputtered from metallic surfaces, as a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The emission of hammer fragments in inelastic collisions of carbon nuclei at 3.6 GeV/nucleon with the nuclei of a photographic emulsion has been studied experimentally. The results show that the formation of these fragments is determined primarily by the extent to which the heavy target nucleus breaks up and does not depend directly on the mass of the incident nucleus.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The crabbing of an incident photon beam from a laser, and the electron beam with which it interacts at the conversion point, is shown to have the same efficiency as in head-on Compton scattering, but with the advantages of a crossing geometry. The resulting {gamma}-ray beam is also crabbed, which allows for a crossing collision point, while maintaining the luminosity at the same value it would have in a head-on collision. ((orig.)).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The hypothesis that the blue stragglers in the dwarf spheroidal galaxie have a collisional origin is considered. If all of the dark matter in these galaxies is in the form of low-mass stars and the binary frequency is [approx equal] 50%, then it is quite possible that [approx equal] 10% to 20% of their blue stragglers have been produced by physical stellar collisions.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this article, equations of motion of a manipulator are derived after consideration of the characteristics of the driving source. By considering a collision between a link and an object, and considering the active motion to absorb the kinetic energy of the object, the trajectories for saving energy are calculated by the iterative dynamic programming (IDP) method. The dynamic characteristics of manipulator control based on the trajectory for saving energy are also analyzed theoretically and investigated experimentally.

Science.gov (United States)

the revealed stage of T Tauri star evolution, is only a mere shadow of its former self. Once primary accretion starts, one has the (poorly quantified) ...

Science.gov (United States)

... surveys, and increasing interest in both developing an oyster aquaculture industry and scaling up restoration efforts by federal, ... ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Transient enhanced diffusion (TED) from implantation of 5keVB_1_0H_1_4 and 0.5 keV B ions has been quantified and compared for nominal boron doses of 10"1"4 and 10"1"5cm"-"2. Boron diffusivity during annealing was extracted from secondary ion mass spectroscopy depth profiles of diffused marker layers in boron doping-superlattices and the actual implanted B dose was independently measured by nuclear reaction analysis. Comparable enhancements were observed from both ions. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that both boron- and decaborane-implanted samples were amorphized at a nominal 10"1"5cm"-"2B dose. A comparison with data from low energy Si implants revealed a similar dependence of diffusivity enhancement on implant dose. These findings are consistent with the understanding that TED is caused by the interstitial supersaturation resulting from a number of excess interstitials approximately equal to the number of implanted atoms which can become ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper reports that grinding and polishing affected the orientation of 90[degrees] domains at the surface of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics. This was quantified by using changes in the intensity ratio of the (002) and (200) X-ray reflections. Grinding unpoled PZT with 600-grit SiC paper gave X-ray intensity ratios similar to those of poled material. This implies that 90[degrees] domain realignments had occurred in the near surface region probed by the X-rays. Grinding poled samples with 600-grit SiC further increased the X-ray intensity ratio beyond that caused by poling, indicating that additional surface reorientation of 90[degrees] domains had occurred. The effects of diamond polishing depended on the size of the diamond particles. The use of 6-[mu]m diamond had no effect on the (002)/(200) intensity ratio of either poled or unpoled samples, while polishing with 15- or 45-[mu]m diamond significantly enhanced the 90[degrees] domain rotation. In ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reservoir geometry reconstruction within carbonate platforms has been carried out in the Upper Jurassic of the Paris Basin based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphy correlations (cores and well-logs). 18 cored wells over 25 kM{sup 2} have been correlated (Saint-Clair-sur-Epte field, Gaz de France). During lower and middle Oxfordian the Paris Basin is a carbonate platform prograding southward. This progradational trend can be subdivided into three upper order sequences (parasequences sets, mean duration: one m.y.). The lower parasequence-set is a stacking of shallowing-upward parasequences made up of tidal ooids bars surrounded laterally and backward by more protected environments (large variety of coated grains). The middle parasequence-set is recorded in lagoonal environments with numerous channels and lobes of storm washover-fans. Metric-thick sequences have been correlated over the field. They are ernersive upward (subtidal lagoonal deposits cut by ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper reports the results of a fine-probe EDS microanalytical study of cellular precipitation in a Cu-Ti binary alloy. Compositional profiles across the solute depleted Cu-rich FCC lamellae and the Cu_4Ti lamellae within isothermally formed cellular colonies were measured in a FEG-TEM from thin-foil specimens prepared by conventional electropolishing and by a technique using a Ga"+ focused ion-beam (FIB). The Cliff-Lorimer ratio method, with an absorption correction, was employed to quantify the compositions. Two FIB samples were prepared with different orientations of the lamellae with respect to the ion-milling direction. The compositional profiles across the Cu-rich FCC lamellae and the Cu_4Ti compound lamellae in both the FIB-prepared samples and the electropolished sample were, within experimental error, numerically equivalent. The composition of the Cu_4Ti compound phase lamellae was very close to the ideal stoichiometric composition of 20 at% Ti. It is ...

CERN Document Server

In this article, we investigate the "naive non-abelianization" (NNA) contributions of the higher-twist Feynman diagrams to the large-$p_T$ inclusive pion production cross section in proton-proton collisions and present the general formulae for the higher-twist differential cross sections in the case of the running coupling and frozen coupling approaches. We compared the resummed "naive non-abelianization" higher-twist cross sections with the ones obtained in the framework of the frozen coupling approach and leading-twist cross section. The structure of infrared renormalon singularities of the higher twist subprocess cross section and it's resummed expression (the Borel sum) are found. It is shown that the resummed result depends on the choice of the meson wave functions used in the calculations. We discuss the phenomenological consequences of possible higher-twist contributions to the meson production in proton-proton collisions in within NNA ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The antisymmetric many-body trial state which describes a system of interacting fermions is parametrized in terms of localized wave packets. The equations of motion are derived from the time-dependent quantum variational principle. The resulting fermionic molecular dynamics (FMD) equations include a wide range of semi-quantal to classical physics extending from deformed Hartree-Fock theory to newtonian molecular dynamics. Conservation laws are discussed in connection with the choice of the trial state. The model is applied to heavy-ion collisions with which its basic features are illustrated. The results show a great variety of phenomena including deeply inelastic collisions, fusion, incomplete fusion, fragmentation, neck emission, promptly emitted nucleons and evaporation. ((orig.)).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One of the main challenges for a high energy {gamma}{gamma} collider is the high repetition rate required for the laser-electron-beam collisions to convert into high energy gamma beams. State-of-the-art, high power lasers have a much lower repetition rate than that of the electron pulses. It is therefore highly desirable that the same laser pulse can be reused. As an example, for NLC where beams collide at 120 Hz, within each collision cycle there are 90 electron bunches separated by 1.4 ns between successive bunches. We show, by invoking a recently invented laser optical box, that the laser pulses can be reused for the entire train of bunches within each collision cycle. ((orig.)).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The production of three vector bosons in #gamma# #gamma# collisions studying the reactions #gamma# + #gamma# #-># W"+ + W"- + Z"0 and #gamma# + #gamma# #-># W"+ + W"- + #gamma#. 12 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe various tasks of visual systems, including course control, collision avoidance and the detection of small objects, require at the neuronal level the dendritic integration...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The antitumor agent camptothecin targets DNA topoisomerase I by reversibly stabilizing a covalent enzyme-DNA intermediate. The subsequent collision of DNA replication forks with these drug-enzyme-DNA...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The deexcitation of quasi-projectiles (QP) released in binary Au on Au collisions as been studied from 60 to 100 MeV/u. Bimodality between two different decay patterns has been observed for intermediate violence collisions. The main experimental result is that the system jumps from one mode to the other on a narrow range of energy deposit and/or impact parameter. The sorting of the events (according to the violence of the collision) has been provided by the perpendicular energy of the light charged particles emitted on the quasi-target side. Such a sorting prevents spurious autocorrelation effects between the sorting variable and the observed mechanism. The two modes of the QP decay correspond on the one side to residue or fission fragments production, and on the other side to the multifragmentation channel. A detailed study has been performed in order to try to establish the origin of the observed bimodality in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The thermonuclear reactivity of deuterium(D) - tritium(T) fusion plasma with spin-polarized fuel has been studied. Two mechanisms of depolarization, collisions and waves, in the high temperature fusion plasma have been considered. The binary collisions have been found not to change the nuclear spin states. The waves with a frequency of a few GHz, however, changes the spin states appreciably, when {delta}B/B{sub 0} (the ratio of the amplitude of the fluctuating magnetic field to the external field) becomes larger than 10{sup -5}. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Resonant scattering of atoms with formation of the Feshbach resonance in the presence of a laser radiation coupling the levels of two bound atoms (a molecule) is considered. The laser field leads to a second resonance in scattering and broadening of resonances, which facilitates the possibility of experimental observation of asymmetry of the total scattering cross-section arising because of interference between resonant and potential scatterings. The effects associated with interference of the two channels of decay of a bound system of two atoms (a molecule) in the laser field are studied. An expression is obtained for the scattering length in collision of two cold atoms in the field of laser radiation.

Science.gov (United States)

Treatment Induced Hypertension

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background: Quantifying HIV levels in mucosal secretions is essential to study compartmentalized expression of HIV and facilitate development of intervention strategies to prevent disease progression and transmission. Objectives: To develop a sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective technique to quantify HIV from blood and vaginal secretions that is compatible with efficient implementation in clinical research environments. Study design: A sensitive, reliable, internally-controlled real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR assay, which uses the HIV-1 pol gene as a target (Hpol assay) was developed to quantify HIV levels in plasma and genital secretions, and compared to the widely used Roche Amplicor(TM) HIV-1 Monitor assay. In addition, a simplified method of sample collection and processing...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The R and D activities of the institute focused on two major projects, ``Molecular and cellular environmental toxicology``, and ``Biophysics of multi-cellular systems``. For assessment of health risks emanating from the uptake of heavy metal compounds, work performed under the first mentioned project studies the formation of allergy-inducing metabolic products from membrane lipids, and the effects of related cellular signaling processes. These studies are accompanied by an approach to quantify and classify the toxicity of environmental organometallic compounds. Another major task is research into the pathogenesis of lung disease induced by dusts, gases, and gas-dust mixtures and the liberation of inflammatory agents by immunological cell reactions (alveolar macrophages). Atomic force microscopy is the tool used to visualize the related dynamic changes in bronchial cells. Studies for detection of the localisation and ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Variability in motor performance decreases with practice but is never entirely eliminated, due in part to inherent motor noise. The present study develops a method that quantifies how performers...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundIn Africa low birth weight (LBW) (<2500 g), is the strongest determinant of infant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Four-dimensional (4D) radiotherapy is the explicit inclusion of the temporal changes in anatomy during the imaging, planning, and delivery of radiotherapy. One key component of 4D radiotherapy planning...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We quantified antibody responses to the HCV proteome that are associated with sustained virologic response (SVR) in HIV/HCV co-infected patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Acoustic pharyngometry is a relatively new noninvasive method that quantifies geometrically complexed pharyngeal dimensions. Our study aimed to investigate the predictability and usefulness of acoustic...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the current fitness of an area ambulance service based in Belfast and to quantify the physiological demands of accident and emergency work. From a total...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The concentration of some organic acids in the atmosphere was determined using a wet effluent diffusion denuder-aerosol collector coupled with Ion Chromatography. Three organic acids and four inorganic anions were identified and quantified in the air sample, taken from the backyard of PSI. (author)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Genetic effects on mechanical properties have been demonstrated in rodents, but not confirmed in primates. Our aim was to quantify the proportion of variation in vertebral trabecular bone mechanical...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundEpidemiologic studies associate lung cancer in non-smoking Chinese women with Chinese-style wok cooking. Our goal was to quantify carcinogen and toxicant...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Nursing infants may be exposed to lead from breast milk, but relatively few data exist with which to evaluate and quantify this relationship. This route of exposure constitutes a potential infant hazard...Full Text Available

USGS Gallery

As part of an investigation of the mechanisms of coastal change in the Carolinas (http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/cccp/index.html), instrumented tripods were deployed on Diamond Shoals near Cape Hatteras, NC. These tripods recorded data quantifying the currents, waves, turbidity, temperat...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

There is limited information about the true incidence of acute renal failure (ARF). Most studies could not quantify disease frequency in the general population as they are hospital-based and...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe aim of this cohort study was to quantify the effect of alcohol in the risk of oral cancer in different strata of folate intake, controlling for known...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have continued to finish up our work on analyzing relationships between elastic properties and rock microstructure. We have worked on theoretical models for the effects of sorting and packing on elastic moduli and seismic velocities. After analyzing the scanning acoustic images of shales to quantify textures at different scales, we are now using theoretical inclusion models to quantify the elastic property variation with texture. In the closing phases of this project most of our efforts are now focused on writing up the results and preparing the final reports.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A generalised procedure for quantifying the benefits of household biogas plants is presented. The sensitivity of the procedure to the uncertainty in input prices is reduced through the assumption of incremental benefits from the biogas plant. These benefits are quantified in terms of the quantity of fuelwood for which the biogas substitutes in cooking, the quantity of kerosene replaced through the use of biogas for lighting and the diesel fuel displaced through the use of a biogas fuelled dual-fuel engine for motive power. Sensitivity of the monetary benefits for these parameters is examined in order to identify variables which influence the viability of the technology to the end user. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Potassium atoms in selected high-lying np Rydberg states (80 #<=# n #<=# 400) are being used as a tool to examine electron-polar molecule collisions at ultra-low energies (#approx#80 #mu#eV - 1 meV). This energy regime has not been investigated previously and is of interest because the corresponding electron de Broglie wavelength is large, #approx#1300 - 330 Angstrom, and because the collision time is comparable to the period of molecular rotation. A variety of target molecules has been studied, including simple rotors such as HF, and more complex species such as NH_3, CH_3I, CH_2Br_2 and C_6H_5NO_2. These targets encompass a range of dipole moments and rotational behavior, but analysis of the data shows that in each case the cross section #sigma#(#epsilon#) for rotationally-inelastic electron-polar molecule scattering varies approximately as 1/#epsilon# where #epsilon# is the electron energy. Such threshold behavior is not predicted by ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Electron and ion beam dynamics of the PF-1000 facility were investigated for the first time at its upper energy limit (?1 MJ) in relation to neutron emission, the pinch's plasma ('target') characteristics and some other parameters with the help of a number of diagnostics with ns temporal resolution. Special attention was paid to the temporal and the spatial cross correlations of different phenomena. Results of these experiments are in favour of a neutron emission model based on ion beam-plasma interaction with three important features: (1) the plasma target is hot and confined during a few 'inertial confinement times'; (2) the ions of the main part of the beam are magnetized and entrapped around the pinch plasma target for a period longer than the characteristic time of the plasma inductive storage system and (3) ion-ion collisions (both fusion collisions, due to head-on impacts and Coulomb collisions) are responsible for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The progress made in particle detection, particularly the design of multi-detectors, like INDRA, that cover a solid angle of almost 4{pi}, have given a new impetus to heavy ion collisions. These detectors are demanding for an efficient way of selecting events that have a common history or similar features, for instance the events representing the de-excitation of a unique emitter. The problem is to find the adequate variable on which the discrimination can be based. Different methods are proposed in this work, the common point is that they require efficient models to reproduce and analyse experimental data in order to apprehend the equation of state of nuclear matter. Most of these models are based on the numerically solving of the nuclear Boltzmann equation. The application to the Ni + Ni reaction with an energy ranging from a few A.MeV to more than 50 A.MeV illustrates this work. (A.C.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The collision of the Earth with extra-terrestrial ice-volatile bodies is proposed as a mechanism to produce rapid changes in the geologic record. These bodies would be analogs of the ice satellites found for the Jovian planets and suspected for comets and certain low density bodies in the Asteroid belt. Five generic end-members are postulated: (1) water ice; (2) dry ice: carbon-carbon dioxide rich, (3) oceanic (chloride) ice; (4) sulfur-rich ice; (5) ammonia hydrate-rich ice; and (6) clathrate: methane-rich ice. Due to the volatile nature of these bodies, evidence for their impact with the Earth would be subtle and probably best reflected geochemically or in the fossil record. Actual boloids impacting the Earth may have a variable composition, generally some admixture with water ice. However for discussion purposes, only the effects of a dominant component will be treated. The general geological effects of such collisions, as a function of the ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have studied L x-rays from 64 MeV iodine projectile in collision with various gas targets, Z_2 #18, do not arise from selective M subshell vacancy population, has been conclusively established by the observations by Datz et al (1971) and by Saha et al (1996) that the measured intensity ratio of the Ll and L#alpha# lines, which arise because of transitions from different M subshells into the same L, subshell, does not show any periodic behaviour with Z, but stays rather constant. Differences in the measured L#beta#_1/L#alpha# intensity ratio of iodine with 7"+ and 24"+ charge states impinging on Kr target established the minor role of the electrons in the N shell of the projectile in the x-ray production mechanism. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We investigate the semihard production of neutral pseudoscalar and tensor mesons in high-energy [gamma][gamma] collisions (M=P=[pi][sup 0], [eta], [eta]' or M=T=a[sub 2], f[sub 2], f[sub 2]'). We deal with the exclusive [gamma][gamma][yields]MM' or semi-exclusive [gamma][gamma][yields]MX reactions (X is the hadron jet with not too large mass). The considered transfer momenta are small in comparison with the photon energies and they are large in comparison with the confinement scale. The amplitudes of these processes are determined by the odderon exchange, i.e. three-gluon exchange in the lowest order of perturbative QCD. The cross sections are calculated in this approximation. The possibility of measurements at LEP and at future [gamma][gamma] colliders is discussed. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present production rates of the two- and three-jet final states for the processes of massive cc/bb quark production in circularly polarized photon-photon collisions, including QCD radiative corrections. Lowest-order cross section, one-loop virtual correction, and gluon emission correction are shown to be of the same order of magnitude for bb quark production at s{sub {gamma}{gamma}} similar 100 GeV. It is shown that the signal from an intermediate mass Higgs boson is observable at a photon-photon collider, though the statistical significance is substantially reduced with respect to the tree-level calculation. ((orig.)).

CERN Document Server

We calculate the quarkonium dissociation rate in the P and CP-odd domains (bubbles) that were possibly created in heavy-ion collisions. In the presence of the magnetic field produced by the valence quarks of colliding ions, parity-odd domains generate electric field. Quarkonium dissociation is the result of quantum tunneling of quark or antiquark through the potential barrier in this electric field. The strength of the electric field in the quarkonium comoving frame depends on the quarkonium velocity with respect to the background magnetic field. We investigate momentum, electric field strength and azimuthal dependence of the dissociation rate. Azimuthal distribution of quarkonia surviving in the electromagnetic field is strongly anisotropic; the form of anisotropy depends on the relation between the electric and magnetic fields and quarkonium momentum. These features can be used to explore the properties of the electromagnetic field created in heavy ion ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Studies of Rydberg-atom destruction in collisions with the polar targets CH_3I and CH_2Br_2 for values of principal quantum number n in the range 100--400 are reported. Analysis of the data using the essentially-free-electron model suggests that, for ultralow electron energies (#approx#80 #mu#eV to 1 meV), the cross section #sigma#(var-epsilon) for rotationally inelastic scattering of electrons by a polar target varies approximately as 1/var-epsilon, where var-epsilon is the electron energy. The Born approximation does not predict such behavior at very low collision energies, and possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

CERN Document Server

A reduction of the mass of the \\eta'(958) meson may indicate the restoration of the UA(1) symmetry in a hot and dense hadronic matter, corresponding to the return of the 9th, "prodigal" Goldstone boson. We report on an analysis of a combined PHENIX and STAR data set on the intercept parameter of the two-pion Bose-Einstein correlation functions, as measuremed in \\sqrt{s_NN} = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. To describe this combined PHENIX and STAR dataset, an in-medium \\eta' mass reduction of at least 200 MeV is needed, at the 99.9 % confidence level in a broad model class of resonance multiplicities. Energy, system size and centrality dependence of the observed effect is also discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dissociative electron capture to CCl_4 is studied by measuring the angular and velocity distribution of Cl"- ions produced in collisions with velocity selected K(np) Rydberg atoms. Analysis of the data using a Monte Carlo collision code that models the detailed kinematics of the reaction indicates that the lifetime of the CCl_4"- intermediate formed by Rydberg electron capture is 7.5 #+-# 2.5 ps and that, upon dissociation, only a small fraction of the excess energy of reaction appears as translational energy of the Cl"- and CCl_3 fragments. The present approach is one of the few experimental techniques yet devised that can probe the lifetimes of collisionally-produced excited states on a picosecond timescale, and demonstrates that Rydberg atoms provide a unique tool with which to investigate the dynamics of dissociative electron attachment. Measurements are being extended to additional species, including CFCl_3.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The spectrum of antiprotons from dark matter annihilation are calculated using the Lund Monte Carlo program, and simple analytic expressions for the spectrum and low-energy antiproton/proton ratio are derived. Comparing the results with recent upper limits on low energy antiprotons, it is concluded that the reported 4-13 GeV antiproton flux cannot be accounted for by dark matter annihilation. The new upper limits do not provide useful constraints on dark matter particles. They restrict the annihilation rate and imply that annihilation gamma ray and e(+) fluxes would be far below the fluxes produced by cosmic-ray collisions. It may be possible to look for a dark matter halo annihilation signal at antiprotons energies below 0.5 GeV, where the flux from cosmic-ray collisions is expected to be negligible. 32 references.

Science.gov (United States)

We report on the results of a preliminary study of the GCR-induced photon luminescence of the Moon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The cross sections of neutral tensor mesons T=a_2, f, f', ... production in the exclusive #gamma##gamma##->#TT' or semiexclusive #gamma##gamma##->#TX processes (three gluon exchange) in the semihard region s>>vertical stroketvertical stroke>1 GeV"2 are calculated. The relation of investigated processes to the problem of perturbative Odderon is discussed. The possibility of measurements at LEP and at a future #gamma##gamma#-colliders is discussed too. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production of three vector bosons in {gamma} {gamma} collisions studying the reactions {gamma} + {gamma} {yields} W{sup +} + W{sup -} + Z{sup 0} and {gamma} + {gamma} {yields} W{sup +} + W{sup -} + {gamma}. 12 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The heavy Higgs bosons H,A of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model can be produced as resonances in high-energy #gamma##gamma# colliders. Prospects of the search for these particles in bb-bar and neutralino-pair final states are studied in this report. Heavy Higgs bosons can be found with masses up to about 70-80% of the initial e"+e"- collider energy for moderate values of tan #beta#, i.e. in areas of the parameter space not accessible at other colliders.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peak at 60 deg in angular proton distribution in inelastic pion-carbon interactions is interpreted as generation of Cherenkov gluon radiation in flucton, passing into the shock wave with successive nucleus decay. Investigation of hadron-nuclear interactions with anomalous peak in angular proton distribution can be used as additional means for study both of flucton and mechanism of hadron-nuclear interactions. 5 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Features of deep inelastic nuclear reactions proceeding on dense fluctuations of nuclear matter (fluctons) are briefly considered. Fluctons, which can be many-quark bags or drops of quark-gluon plasma, are studied. Their properties are discussed, viz., characteristic parameters of nuclear matter inside a flucton - temperature and density close to the critical values for a phase transition. These values can be reached or exceeded if the flucton-flucton collision events are separated. The separation method is discussed

CERN Document Server

The Euler-Maxwell system describes the evolution of a plasma when the collisions are important enough that each species is in a hydrodynamic equilibrium. In this paper we prove global existence of small solutions to this system set in the whole three-dimensional space, by combining the space-time resonance method, dispersive estimates, localization estimates and energy estimates. An important novelty is that we can prove a very slow growth of high derivatives even with a nonintegrable decay by reiterating the energy estimate.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experimental and evaluated integral parameters derived from nuclear plus interference differential elastic scattering cross sections are presented for all projectile/target combinations of the particles p, d, t, /sup 3/He, and ..cap alpha... The data include reaction rates, average fractional energy losses per collision and per unit path length, and average laboratory scattering cosines. The resulting parameters are of potential use in analysis of charged-particle transport.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Measurements of the double-electron-capture process in which a positive ion of iodine becomes a negative ion in a single collision with a magnesium atom are reported between 20 and 90 keV. The cross section is comparable to that for the rare gases and not as large as might be expected from a two-valence-electron atom. This process is probably insignificant in the production of negative ion beams using a magnesium-vapor target.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We study the signals for composite vector leptoquarks in e"+e- colliders (CERN e"+e- collider LEP II, Next Linear Collider, and CERN Linear Collider) through their effects on the production of jet pairs, as well as their single and pair productions. We also analyze their production in #gamma#e and #gamma##gamma# collisions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ideas about the interactions of charged particles with matter are discussed. First, some experimental information is presented. Concepts related to collision cross sections and the Bethe model for them are given. The stopping power is derived and applied to the discussion of depth dose functions ('Bragg curves'). Some details of the energy loss in microscopic volumes are discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Helical dipole magnets are required in a project for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to control and preserve the beam polarization in order to allow the collision of polarized proton beams. Specifications are for low current superconducting magnets with a 100 mm coil aperture and a 4 Tesla field in which the field rotates 360 degrees over a distance of 2.4 meters. A magnet meeting the requirements has been developed that uses a small diameter cable wound into helical grooves machined into a thick-walled aluminum cylinder.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The aims of this study were to quantify the severity and extent of subclinical interstitial lung disease as depicted on HRCT and to study the relationship between the patterns of lung disease quantified by HRCT and the functional parameters and bronchoalveolar lavage findings in patients with rheumatic diseases. The results confirm that HRCT is a sensitive tool in detecting interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatic diseases with no signs and symptoms of pulmonary involvement. The relationship between the different HRCT patterns and bronchoalveolar lavage cell profiles can identify patients at higher risk of developing irreversible lung fibrosis. A long-term, prospective follow-up study is needed to determine whether these patients will develop over pulmonary disease.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One of the challenges facing engineers is developing newer, safer detonators that are equivalent to devices currently in use. There is no clear consensus on an exact method for drawing equivalence of detonators. This paper summarizes our current efforts to develop diagnostics addressing various aspects of detonator design to better quantify and prove equivalency. We consider various optical techniques to quantify the output pressure and output wave shape. The development of a unique interpretation of streak camera breakouts, known as the apparent center of initiation, will be discussed as a metric for detonation wave shape. Specific examples apply these techniques to the comparison of a new laser-driven detonator with an existing exploding bridgewire (EBW) detonator. Successes and short-comings of the techniques will be discussed.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We investigate how, and to what extent, morphological complexity of the language influences text classification using support vector machines (SVM). The Croatian-English parallel corpus provides the basis for direct comparison of two languages of radically different morphological complexity. We quantified, compared, and statistically tested the effects of morphological normalisation on SVM classifier performance based on a series of parallel experiments on both languages, carried over a large scale of different feature subset sizes obtained by different feature selection methods, and applying different levels of morphological normalisation. We also quantified the trade-off between feature space size and performance for different levels of morphological normalisation, and compared the resul...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This case study is an application, to a nuclear power plant, of the methodology for quantifying environmental costs and benefits, contained in the regional energy plan, adopted in April, 1983, by the Northwest Power Planning Council, pursuant to Public Law 96-501.The study is based on plant number 2 of the Washington Public Power Supply System (WNP-2), currently nearing completion on the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in eastern Washington State. This report describes and documents efforts to quantify and estimate monetary values for the following seven areas of environmental effects: radiation/health effects, socioeconomic/infrastructure effects, consumptive use of water, psychological/health effects (fear/stress), waste management, nuclear power plant accidents, and decommissioning costs. 103 references.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract A method was developed to quantify the effect of scanner instability on functional MRI data by comparing the instability noise to endogenous noise present when scanning a human. The instability noise was computed from agar phantom data collected with two flip angles, allowing for a separation of the instability from the background noise. This method was used on human data collected at four 3 T scanners, allowing the physiological noise level to be extracted from the data. In a -well-operating- scanner, the instability noise is generally less than 10% of physiological noise in white matter and only about 2% of physiological noise in cortex. This indicates that instability in a well-operating scanner adds very little noise to functional MRI results. This new method allows researcher...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundIsoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice has been used in a number of studies to model human cardiac disease. In this study, we compared the transcriptional response...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The author derives to which of the three types an irreducible UA representation which is obtained with the procedure of generalised induction belongs. The question whether or not the irreducible induced UA representations are on standardform is analysed. The results hold as well for induced PUA representations. (Auth.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The issue of beam-induced damage on diffractive hard X-ray optics is addressed. For this purpose a systematic study on the radiation damage induced by a high-power X-ray beam is carried out in both...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Several organophosphate and organochlorine compounds, including pesticides commonly found in the Great Lakes basin, have the potential to induce immunotoxicity. Because of biomagnification and accumulation...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Lens-induced glaucoma comprises a number of different glaucomatous processes occurring in the elderly that share in common the role of the crystalline lens in the mechanism of increase in intraocular...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

Differences in synchrotron radiation induced gas desorption from stainless steel and aluminium alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A shock wave appears when the release of accumulated energy is instantaneous. For instance, it accompanies gunpowder explosion, electric discharge, laser beam convergence, collision of high-speed objects, release of high-pressure gas, and supersonic flight. The shock wave research center of Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, is engaged in researches to elucidate the basics of various shock wave phenomena and to apply the fruit to engineering, science, and medicine. In this report, some examples of recent application studies at the center are described, and the trend of shock wave researches in the future is introduced. The ultimate state of the stagnation point of a nozzle flow simulating a reentry into the atmosphere is produced by shock wave compression in a free piston shock tube which is a ground-borne experimental apparatus. Los Alamos National Laboratory, U.S., succeeded in generating metallic hydrogen of a crystalline structure by subjecting ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors present a search for excited and exotic muon states {mu}*, conducted using an integrated luminosity of 371 pb{sup -1} of data collected in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV at the Tevatron with the CDF II detector. They search for associated production of {mu}{mu}* followed by the decay {mu}* {yields} {mu}{gamma}, resulting in the {mu}{mu}{gamma} final state. They compare the data to model predictions as a function of the mass of the excited muon M{sub {mu}*}, the compositeness energy scale {Lambda}, and the gauge coupling factor f. No signal above the standard model expectation is observed in the {mu}{gamma} mass spectrum. In the contact interaction model, they exclude 107 < M{sub {mu}*} < 853 GeV/c{sup 2} for {Lambda} = M{sub {mu}*}; in the gauge-mediated model, they exclude 100 < M{sub {mu}*} < 410 GeV/c{sup 2} for f/{Lambda} = 10{sup -2} GeV{sup -1}. These 95% confidence level exclusions extend previous limits ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An attempt to classify experimental data and to present new approach for the problem of cumulative production of particles and high-transverse momentum particles (#pi#"#+-#, k"#+-#, p, p-bar, d) on Li"6, Be, Mg, Si, "5"4","5"6","5"8Fe, "5"8","6"1","6"4Ni, Cu, "6"4Zn, "1"1"2","1"1"8","1"2"4Sn, "1"4"4","1"5"4Sm, "1"8"2","1"8"6W, U nuclei is made in the review. Particle cumulative production, quark-parton structure function, A dependence of particle production on nuclei and in nuclear collisions and A dependence of inclusive cross sections of particle cumulative production are discussed. Reactions with dissociation on nucleons of deuteron, helium and compound nuclei are considered. Possibility of unified description of different processes is discussed in terms of nucleus flucton model. 35 refs.; 22 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper we study different effects of excited molecules on swarm parameters, electron energy distribution functions and gas discharge modeling. First we discuss a possible experiment in parahydrogen to resolve the discrepancy in hydrogen vibrational excitation cross section data. Negative differential conductivity (NDC) is a kinetic phenomenon which manifests itself in a particular dependence of the drift velocity on E=N and it is affected by superelastic collisions with excited states. A complete kinetic scheme for argon required to model excited state densities in gas discharges is also described. These results are used to explain experiments in capacitively and inductively coupled RF plasmas used for processing. The paper illustrates the application of atomic and molecular collision data, swarm data and the theoretical techniques in modeling of gas discharges with large abundances of excited molecules. It is pointed out that swarm ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report summarizes the progress and accomplishments in accelerator atomic physics research supported by DOE grant DE-FG02-87ER13778 from February 16, 1990 through February 15, 1993. This work involves the experimental investigation of atomic interactions in collisions of charged projectiles with neutral targets or electrons, with particular emphasis on two-electron interactions and electron-correlation effects. The processes studied are of interest both from fundamental and applied points of view. In the latter case, results are obtained which are relevant to the understanding of laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, highly-excited (Rydberg) and continuum states of atoms and ions, atomic structure effects, the interaction of ions with surfaces, and the development of heavy-ion storage-rings. The results obtained have provided the basis for several M.A. thesis projects at Western Michigan and several Ph.D. dissertation projects are currently underway. Summaries ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Total longitudinal momentum of all registered particles, their total energy and other summary kinematics variables are used for separation of the events with two- and three-quasi-nucleon collisions from the C+C, C+p, d+C, and p+C interactions at 4.2 (GeV/c)/N. The research results on charged particle multiplicity and their momentum spectra lead to the conclusion that nearly 60% of all three-quasi-nucleon events are due to collisions where two nucleons behave like a whole object, called flucton, which has been predicted by D.I.Blokhintsev. Mean values of one-particle longitudinal momenta of the products and their mean multiplicities for the subreactions in which fluctons take part are lower by #approx#30% compared to the subreactions where two nucleons interact not as a whole object, but in a successive way. Production of the cumulative particles is due to flucton interactions, especially when fluctons are used as a target

CERN Document Server

We have measured $p_t$-dependent two-particle number correlations on azimuth and pseudorapidity for eleven centralities of $\\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62$ and 200~GeV Au-Au collisions at STAR. 2D fits to these angular correlations isolate the azimuth quadrupole amplitude, denoted $2 v_2^2 \\{ 2D \\} ( p_t )$, from localized same-side correlations. Event-plane $v_2 ( p_t )$ measurements within the STAR TPC acceptance can be expressed as a sum of the azimuth quadrupole and the quadrupole component of the same-side peak. $v_2 \\{ 2D \\} ( p_t )$ can be transformed to reveal quadrupole $p_t$ spectra which are approximately described by a fixed transverse boost and universal L\\'evy form nearly independent of centrality. A parametrization of $v_2 \\{ 2D \\} ( p_t )$ can be factored into centrality and $p_t$-dependent pieces with a simple $p_t$ dependence above 0.75 GeV/c. Results from STAR are compared to published data and model predictions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper reports on a Level 1 PRA performed on the Omega West Reactor at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A Master Logic Diagram was used to identify possible initiating events. A chi-square distribution was used to quantify initiating event frequencies given that no initiating events have occurred in 30 years of OWR operation. The PRA results are presented as both probability density function and cumulative distribution function curves.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have measured the oxygen positions in LaNiO{sub 3} films to elucidate the coupling between epitaxial strain and oxygen octahedral rotations. The oxygen positions are determined by comparing the measured and calculated intensities of half-order Bragg peaks, arising from the octahedral rotations. Combining ab initio density-functional calculations with these experimental results, we show how strain systematically modifies both bond angles and lengths in this functional perovskite oxide.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This research has two main goals; (1) to quantify mechanisms for radon entry into homes of different types and to determine the fraction of indoor radon attributable to each source and (2) to model and calculate the dose (and therefore alpha particle fluence) to cells in the human and animal tracheobronchial tree that is pertinent to induction of bronchogenic carcinoma from inhaled radon daughters.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Due to the intensity and vast number of subjects, this Bremen experts' discussion, too, could discuss only part of the problem of the possibilitiy to quantify the radiation hazard. One preliminary result is that there is no scientific proof of the harmlessness of radiation exposure during normal operation of a nuclear power plant, either within the plant or in its vicinity. Other results are that some important questions can not be answered yet, and that there are important hints on the dangers even of low radiation doses. (GL).

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionAs part of a wider effort to develop new approaches to evaluating and quantifying the benefits of chemicals regulation, this project will review the effectiveness of existing information provision tools (such as classification and labelling for hazardous properties) in terms of affecting user behaviour. As some EC legislation relating to regulation of chemicals has been in place for some time, an assumption is made that the information provided by it is leading to an improvement in the way chem [continued...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Helical tomotherapy presented many unique dosimetric challenges and solutions during the initial commissioning process, and some of them are presented. The dose calculation algorithm is convolution/superposition based. This requires that the energy fluence spectrum and magnitude be quantified. The methodology for doing so is described. Aspects of the energy fluence characterization that are unique to tomotherapy are highlighted. Many beam characteristics can be measured automatically by an included megavoltage computed tomography imaging system. This greatly improves data collection efficiency.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We review some interesting virtual effects from the minimal supersymmetric model (MSSM) at {gamma}{gamma} colliders. We conclude that in the research respects, such as supersymmetric particle pair production, CP-violation and electroweak-like one-loop corrections in top quark pair production, the FCNC in the R{sub p}-violating MSSM, linear collider (LC) operating in photon-photon collision mode provides powerful facilities in the measurements of new physics objects. For a precise and thorough study of the new physics, the investigation of the supersymmetric quantum effects is necessary. (author)

CERN Document Server

We investigate the effect of anomalous gamma-W-W couplings in e-gamma --> nu W through the angular and energy spectrum of the secondary leptons. Within the narrow-width approximation, a semi-analytical study of the secondary lepton energy-angle double distribution is considered. Utility of observables derived from this is demonstrated by considering the anomalous coupling, delta-kappa-gamma. Results of our investigation for typical ILC machine considered at Ecm = 300-1000 GeV re-affirms potential of this collider as a precision machine.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The cross sections of neutral tensor mesons T=a{sub 2}, f, f', ... production in the exclusive {gamma}{gamma}{yields}TT' or semiexclusive {gamma}{gamma}{yields}TX processes (three gluon exchange) in the semihard region s>>vertical stroketvertical stroke>1 GeV{sup 2} are calculated. The relation of investigated processes to the problem of perturbative Odderon is discussed. The possibility of measurements at LEP and at a future {gamma}{gamma}-colliders is discussed too. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production of polarized negative ion beams by ''collisional pumping'' is described. Collisional pumping utilizes repeated charge changing collisions in a thick electron-spin-polarized gas or vapor target to form a polarized fast atom beam. The polarized fast atom beam is then partially converted into a polarized negative ion beam in a vapor target. Analysis is presented for a hydrogen beam passing through either a thick polarized H atom target or a thick polarized alkali target. Large polarizations and large currents may be possible.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The heavy Higgs bosons H,A of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model can be produced as resonances in high-energy {gamma}{gamma} colliders. Prospects of the search for these particles in bb-bar and neutralino-pair final states are studied in this report. Heavy Higgs bosons can be found with masses up to about 70-80% of the initial e{sup +}e{sup -} collider energy for moderate values of tan {beta}, i.e. in areas of the parameter space not accessible at other colliders.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report on the collision of 1.5 ps (FWHM) laser pulses traversing at 17 a short similar 7 ps (FWHM) 46.6 GeV electron bunch. The phase-locked system used to maintain the correct timing of the laser pulses and the appropriate diagnostics are described. The jitter between the laser and electron pulses is determined from the stability of the observed rate of Compton scatters and can be described by a Gaussian distribution with #sigma#_j#approx =#2.2 ps. (orig.).

CERN Document Server

Many mobile ad hoc network protocols use simple flooding, in order to adapt to changes in time varying network topology. Most of the times, a network-wide flood results in redundant packets and increases network congestion, probability of packet collision, low utilization of available bandwidth, and most important, higher power consumption. In this paper, we propose a new cross-layer broadcast scheme to minimize broadcast traffic in mobile ad hoc networks. Our scheme is based on use of received signal strength indicator, RSSI, value to reduce the number of broadcast packets. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified using simulations.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We consider propagation of relativistic heavy nuclei injected by a young pulsar into the radiation field of a massive companion. If the binary system (BS) is compact enough, then the nuclei suffer multiple photodisintegrations in collisions with thermal photons coming from the massive star (MS). Due to the propagation effects of charged particles in the magnetic field of the MS some hadrons can impinge onto the MS surface at large angles. We calculate the fluxes of produced neutrinos as a function of the viewing angle measured from the plane of the BS. It is found that significant fluxes of neutrinos should be also expected in the case of non-eclipsing BSs.

CERN Document Server

First measurements of inclusive Z production cross sections in muon and electron decay channels at 7 TeV are presented for proton-proton collisions in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The comparison of the kinematic quantities as well as the studies of selection efficiencies demonstrate a good agreement between simulated events and current data. The measured inclusive cross section for Z($\\gamma^{*}$) production agrees with NNLO QCD cross section calculations and current parton distribution functions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Studies of destruction of very-high-n (100collisions with the polar targets HF and NH_3 are reported. Analysis of the data using the essentially-free-electron model suggests that, for ultralow electron energies (#approx#80 #mu#eV--1.4 meV), the cross section #sigma#(var-epsilon) for rotationally inelastic scattering of electrons by a polar target varies approximately as 1/var-epsilon, where var-epsilon is the electron energy.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The formation of the ions charge and energy distributions of the ions slowed down or randomly changing their charge in the collisions with the medium particles are studied. The effect of the ions dispersion by the charge on the Bragg curve form is investigated. The proposed diffusion approximation for the heavy ions kinetic equation makes it possible to determine simply the parameters of the ions distribution by charge and energy on the whole way of the ions motion. The relation between the ions charge distribution characteristics and the cross sections of the ionization-recombination processes is indicated. The ions distributions, calculated in the proposed analytical model, are compared with the results of the numerical calculations. Good agreement between the analytical, numerical and experimental results is obtained

CERN Document Server

We present results for a complete set of polarization observables for jet production in lepton proton collision, where the final state lepton is not observed. The calculations are carried out in collinear factorization at the level of Born diagrams. For all the observables we also provide numerical estimates for typical kinematics of a potential future Electron Ion Collider. On the basis of this numerical study, the prospects for the transverse single target spin asymmetry are particularly promising. This observable is given by a certain quark-gluon correlation function, which has a direct relation to the transverse momentum dependent Sivers parton distribution.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Measurements of the expansion rate of pure-electron plasmas have been performed on the Electron Diffusion Gauge (EDG) device at background helium gas pressures in the 5 x 10(superscript -8) Torr to 1 x 10(superscript -5) Torr range, where plasma expansion due to electron-neutral collisions dominates over plasma expansion due to trap asymmetries. It is found that the expansion rate, defined as the time rate of change of the particles' mean-square radius, scales approximately linearly with pressure and inversely as the square of the magnetic field strength in this regime, in agreement with classical predictions.

CERN Document Server

No magnetic monopoles were found in 2.5*10/sup 18/ primary proton- aluminium interactions produced by exposing an aluminium target to the Fermilab 300 GeV/c proton beam. Negative searches have also resulted from exposures of material to electrons at SLAC and from pp interactions at the CERN-ISR. The monopole pair production probability in proton-nucleon collisions is shown to be of order 10/sup -18/ or less, with 95% confidence level, if monopoles have masses less than 12 GeV. (24 refs).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors present a measurement of the B{sub s}{sup 0} meson lifetime using fully and partially reconstructed hadronic decays B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} D{sub s}{sup -} {pi}{sup +}(X) followed by D{sub s}{sup -} {yields} {phi}{pi}{sup -}. The data sample was recorded with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.3 fb{sup -1} from p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The inelastic scattering of the beam and the residual gas molecules in RHIC could represent one of the limitations on the beam life time and emittance growth. This report covers the dominant central nuclear collisions influence on the beam lifetime and transverse emittance growth. The cross sections for the beam-gas electron radiative captures are an order of magnitude smaller. The capture cross sections include the radiative and non-radiative capture, and the capture from the electron-positron pair creation from the 'vacuum capture'.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

Ormiston, R.A., Applications of the Induced Power Model and Performance of Conventional and Advanced Rotorcraft, 2010, details ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Published in summary form only.

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:19169052

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

duced and spontaneous radiation. The amount of polarization is ... of the induced and spontaneous radiation patterns. Therefore ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors review two types of simulators for the analysis of cosmic ray neutron-induced soft errors (SE's). One of them is the neutron-induced soft error simulator (NISES). A recently proposed nuclear reaction theory forms the foundation for the nuclear reaction database used in NISES. The other simulator, the simplified simulator MBGR, is based on a modified version of the burst generation rate (BGR) model. Both simulators accurately simulate neutron-induced SE rates (SER's). MBGR actually provides an easier and quicker estimation of neutron-induced SER's than NISES. On the other hand, NISES covers more applications; it simulates neutron-induced charge collection, multiple-bit SE, and [alpha]-induced SE analysis.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A computerised glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) analysis was applied to the main dosimetric peak of #alpha#-Al_2O_3:C in order to study the effects of light on the glow curve shape. It was shown that both the light-induced signal and the light-induced fading effects tend to shift the main dosimetric peak to higher temperatures and at the same time change its shape. Furthermore it was confirmed that the magnitude of the light-induced signal depends on radiation history and, by increasing the duration of light exposure, the magnitude of the light-induced signal reaches a plateau, thereby implying the saturation of the phototransfer process. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We describe a model of damage in rf cavities and show how this damage can limit cavity operation. We first present a review of mechanisms that may or may not affect the ultimate fields that can be obtained in rf cavities, assuming that mechanical stress explains the triggers of rf breakdown events. We present a method of quantifying the surface damage caused by breakdown events in terms of the spectrum of field enhancement factors, Beta, for asperities on the surface. We then model an equilibrium that can develop between damage and conditioning effects, and show how this equilibrium can determine cavity performance and show experimental evidence for this mechanism. We define three functions that quantify damage, and explain how the parameters that determine this performance can be factored out and measured. We then show how this model can quantitatively explain the dependence of cavity performance on material, frequency, pulse length, gas, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To investigate the potential causes of changes to bird communities in exurban areas, we examined the relationship between bird and macro invertebrate communities in exurbanized forest. We randomly located sampling points across a gradient of exurbanization. We used point counts to quantify bird communities and sweep netting, soil cores, pitfalls, and frass collectors to quantify macro invertebrates. Bird communities had higher richness and abundance in exurban areas compared to undeveloped forests, and lost some species of conservation concern but gained others. The macro invertebrate community was slightly more abundant in exurban areas, with a slight shift in taxonomic composition. The abundance of macro invertebrates in soil cores (but not pitfalls) predicted the abundance of ground-foraging birds. The abundance of macro invertebrates in sweep nets was not associated with the abundance of aerial insectivore birds. Exurbanization therefore ...

Science.gov (United States)

Local cardiac glucose utilization (LCarGU) was quantified in the rat heart according to the Sokoloff model and local cardiac blood flow (LCarBF) according to the /sup 14/C-iodoantipyrine method. For quantitative autoradiography calibration curves for heart slices were performed. They differed from the brain calibration curves by 8%. The lumped constant was 0.377 in isolated working hearts. LCarGU and LCarBF could then be quantified in awake rats. At different locations mean LCarGU of different hearts varied from 85 to 200 ..mu..moles/100g/min and mean LCarBF from 390 to 831 ml/100g/min. The ratio subendocardial/subepicardial glucose utilization or blood flow was not systematically different from 1. The results indicate that glucose can be an important fuel in the heart of the awake rat, although its contribution to overall metabolism varies from animal to animal.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This work concerns the development of a methodology the objective of which is to characterize and diagnose two-phase flow regime transitions. The approach is based on the fundamental assumption that a transition flow is less stationary than a flow with an established regime. During the first time, the efforts focused on: (1) the design and construction of an experimental loop, allowing to reproduce the main horizontal two-phase flow patterns, in a stable and controlled way; (2) the design and construction of an electrical impedance probe, providing an imaged information of the spatial phase distribution in the pipe; and (3) the systematic study of the joint time-frequency and time-scale analysis methods, which permitted to define an adequate parameter quantifying the unstationarity degree. During the second time, in order to verify the fundamental assumption, a series of experiments were conducted, the objective of which was to demonstrate the correlation between ...

Science.gov (United States)

An exposure chamber is described for the quantifiable addition of fine and ultrafine aerosol particulate matter directly to cells and used to demonstrate the in vitro cytotoxicity of fine 1,4-naphthoquinone particles to murine lung epithelial cells. The electrostatic particulate dosage and exposure system (EPDExS) operates on the principle of electrostatic precipitation and is shown to deposit fine and ultrafine aerosol particles directly to cells with 100% efficiency for particle diameters in the range of 40-530nm. This range is not limited by the EPDExS, but rather by the aerosolization method used for this study. Numbers of particles deposited onto the cells are counted with a condensation particle counter, negating any need to calculate or estimate particle exposure. The process of particle introduction, assessed using Trypan blue dye exclusion, had no effect on cell viability. In combination with a differential mobility classifier, the EPDExS can deliver ...

Science.gov (United States)

Because of its high price, the extra virgin olive oil is frequently target for adulteration with lower quality oils. This paper presents an innovative optical technique capable of quantifying the adulteration of extra virgin olive oil caused by lowergrade olive oils. It relies on spectral fingerprinting the test liquid by means of diffuse-light absorption spectroscopy carried out by optical fiber technology in the wide 400-1700 nm spectral range. Then, a smart multivariate processing of spectroscopic data is applied for immediate prediction of adulterant concentration.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objectives of the Upgraded Coal Interest Group (UCIG) are as follows: Review and update the status of various coal upgrading technologies and developments and critically assess the results. Perform engineering screening analyses on various coal upgrading approaches. Perform commercialization analyses that will promote the availability and use of upgraded coal products by quantifying the benefits of using them. Identify market opportunities for introduction of upgraded coals. Perform critical analyses on a variety of coals and technologies in areas important to users but not readily available. Perform critical experiments which will show the differences between technologies.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the 1988 February issue of this magazine the units olf and decipol were introduced. Olf is a measure for the pollution load and decipol for the indoor air quality. This article discusses a new ventilation theory which is quantified by the new indoor air quality thermal comfort balance based on the units olf and decipol. This balance requires more ventilation air than for the present regulations. It takes into account all pollution sources. 2 figs., 9 refs., 3 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An attempt was made to quantify the radiation risk of diagnostic radiology. After a general introduction of terms as radiation damage, radiation risk and effective dose equivalent, based on publications of the ICRP, somatic dose indexes were computed for several radiologic investigations, that comprise organ doses committed to red bone marrow, lung, female breast and thyroid with and without considering the rest of the body. The dose for the rest of the body was assumed to be equal to the dose received by the red bone marrow, that is also distributed over the whole body. Neglecting the exposure of the rest of the body resulted in an insignificant increase in the estimated somatic risk, with its experimental determination not being necessary. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Systems Design Study (SDS) identified technologies available for the remediation of low-level and transuranic waste stored at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex's Subsurface Disposal Area at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The SDS study intentionally omitted the costs of transportation and disposal of the processed waste and the cost of decommissioning the processing facility. This report provides a follow-on analysis of the SDS to explore the basis for life-cycle cost segments of transportation, disposal, and facility decommissioning; to determine the sensitivity of the cost segments; and to quantify the life-cycle costs of the 10 ex situ concepts of the Systems Design Study.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The 'Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation' method has been employed to quantify the degree of intergranular corrosion of Alloy 800, with different Ti + Al content, aged in the range 500-650/sup 0/C for times up to 5000 hours. The results were compared with the classical Rollason's curves obtained by means of the Strauss' test and a satisfactory agreement was found. An explanation of the slight differences between both methods has been proposed on the basis of the passivity film morphology.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thermal expansions of a simulated fuel (SS-1) were measured by using a Dilatometer (DIL402C) from room temperature to 1900 K. The main procedure of an uncertainty evaluation followed the strategy of the UO{sub 2} fuel. Referring to the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) guide, the uncertainties of the thermal expansion were quantified in three parts - the initial length, the length variation, and the system calibration factor. The uncertainty of the thermal expansion for a simulated fuel was also compared with those of UO{sub 2} fuel.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose Study the radiolysis of solid-state metoclopramide hydrochloride at various absorbed doses. Elucidate the structure of the degradation products to gain information on the radiolysis mechanisms. Methods Solid-state metoclopramide samples were irradiated at several doses with gamma rays and high-energy electrons to evaluate the influence of the dose rate. High-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector was used to measure the chemical potency as a function of the absorbed dose and to quantify the degradation products. The characterization of degradation products was performed by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. Results The degradation of solid-state metoclopramide after irradiation was negligible. No qualitati...

Science.gov (United States)

Taobao website online transaction evaluation has been well accepted, but its value has not been measured. This paper quantifies the value of commercial credit of salers in bringing sale purchase on Taobao website through three aspects of data as credit score buyer to saler, number of comments and rate of bad comments. The illustration results on Taobao online transaction credit evaluation show that number of comments, credit score and rate of bad comments have significant impact on sale revenue.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objectives of this project was to: (1) quantify the pore scale mechanisms that determine the wettability state of a reservoir, (2) study the effect of crude oil, brine and mineral compositions in the establishment of mixed wet states, (3) clarify the effect of mixed - wettability on oil displacement efficiency in waterfloods, (4) develop a new tracer technique to measure wettability, fluid distributions, residual saturation's and relative permeabilities, and (5) develop methods for properly incorporating wettability in up-scaling from pore to core to reservoir scales.

Science.gov (United States)

The cupola furnace is used to melt scrap steel, pig iron, foundry returns, and alloying additives to a prescribed tapping chemistry and temperature for iron casting applications. The melting process within the cupola is highly complex and not well quantified. The American Foundrymen's Society is developing a mathematical model to aid in the understanding of these processes. This model is reaching maturity, and has been successful in estimating a number of melting parameters. This paper details the results of efforts to verify the model in a controlled system, equipped wit the appropriate sensors, for model verification. The work was performed on a research-scale cupola furnace located at the Department of Energy's Albany Research Center.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents a mathematical model to analyze the solar evaporation in a shallow pond in steady state, when the inlet flow rate, concentration, surface area and solar radiation are given. The simultaneous heat and mass transfer mechanisms are considered for quantifying the amount of evaporated water to the atmosphere and the actual absorbed heat by wastewater is calculated to obtain the bottom temperature of water pond. The heat losses to air by radiation and convection mechanisms are considered and the heat transmission across the water film is evaluated by the forced convection mechanism. 6 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This multinational, multi-phase spent fuel sabotage test program is quantifying the aerosol particles produced when the products of a high energy density device (HEDD) interact with and explosively particulate test rodlets that contain pellets of either surrogate materials or actual spent fuel. This program has been underway for several years. This program provides data that are relevant to some sabotage scenarios in relation to spent fuel transport and storage casks, and associated risk assessments. The program also provides significant technical and political benefits in international cooperation. We are quantifying the Spent Fuel Ratio (SFR), the ratio of the aerosol particles released from HEDD-impacted actual spent fuel to the aerosol particles produced from surrogate materials, measured under closely matched test conditions, in a contained test chamber. In addition, we are measuring the amounts, nuclide content, size distribution of the ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We have established a reliable method to induce invasive and non-invasive carcinomas in the heterotopically transplanted urinary bladder of rats by repeated injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU),...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A brief overview if provided of selected reports presented at the International Symposium on Molecular Mechanisms of Radiation- and Chemical Carcinogen-Induced Cell Transformation held at Mackinac Island, Michigan on September 19-23, 1993.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of influenza virus performs two critical roles during infection: it binds virus to cell surface sialic acids, and under mildly acidic conditions it induces fusion...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An overall hypothesis for benzene-induced leukemia is proposed. Key components of the hypothesis include a) activation of benzene in the liver to phenolic metabolites; b) transport of these metabolites...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundContrast-induced nephropathy is the leading cause of in-hospital acute renal failure. This side effect of contrast agents leads to increased morbidity, mortality, and health...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Interleukin 12 (IL-12) activates natural killer (NK) and T cells with the secondary synthesis and release of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and other cytokines. IL-12-induced organ alterations are reported...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background and ObjectivesDisruption of the vocal fold extracellular matrix (ECM) can induce a profound and refractory dysphonia. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) irradiation...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A total of 626 patients undergoing a prostaglandin-induced abortion, the majority in the second trimester, have been analysed for complications occurring during inpatient treatment. Of the last 155...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to assess whether pentagastrin-induced panic symptoms are associated with release of free fatty acids (FFAs) in a manner that could...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of induced cell death (apoptosis) by PYRROLO [1,2-b][1,2,5]BENZOTHIADIAZEPINES...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Plant roots exhibit remarkable developmental plasticity in response to local soil conditions. It is shown here that mild salt stress stimulates a stress-induced morphogenic response (SIMR) in Arabidopsis...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe tumor microenvironment has been described as a critical milieu determining tumor growth and metastases. A pivotal role of metastasis-inducing S100A4 in the development...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The mechanism of influenza virus (INFV)-induced immunosuppression and the mode of inosiplex action against INFV infection were studied. INFV suppressed both anti-lipopolysaccharide and anti-sheep erythrocyte...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundSome breast cancer patients receiving anti-angiogenic treatment show increased metastases, possibly as a result of induced hypoxia. The effect of hypoxia on tumor cell...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Reversion-induced LIM protein (RIL) is a member of the ALP (actinin-associated LIM protein) subfamily of the PDZ/LIM protein family. RIL serves as an adaptor protein and seems to regulate cytoskeletons....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

1. The effect of three single doses of nifedipine on exercise-induced asthma has been examined in 11 asthmatic subjects. 2. On four separate days patients undertook 6 min of exercise on a treadmill...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) protein initiates Ig gene mutation by deaminating cytosines, converting them into uracils. Excision of AID-induced uracils by uracil-N-glycosylase...Full Text Available