CERN Document Server

The quantum $N$-body problem is studied in the context of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics with a one-dimensional deformed Heisenberg algebra of the form $[\\hat x,\\hat p]=i(1+\\beta \\hat p^2)$, leading to the existence of a minimal observable length $\\sqrt\\beta$. For a generic pairwise interaction potential, analytical formulas are obtained that allow to estimate the ground-state energy of the $N$-body system by finding the ground-state energy of a corresponding two-body problem. It is first shown that, in the harmonic oscillator case, the $\\beta$-dependent term grows faster with $N$ than the $\\beta$-independent one. Then, it is argued that such a behavior should be observed also with generic potentials and for $D$-dimensional systems. In consequence, quantum $N$-body bound states might be interesting places to look at nontrivial manifestations of a minimal length since, the more particles are ...

CERN Document Server

Inter-symbol interference (ISI) channels with data dependent Gauss Markov noise have been used to model read channels in magnetic recording and other data storage systems. The Viterbi algorithm can be adapted for performing maximum likelihood sequence detection in such channels. However, the problem of finding an analytical upper bound on the bit error rate of the Viterbi detector in this case has not been fully investigated. Current techniques rely on an exhaustive enumeration of short error events and determine the BER using a union bound. In this work, we consider a subset of the class of ISI channels with data dependent Gauss-Markov noise. We derive an upper bound on the pairwise error probability (PEP) between the transmitted bit sequence and the decoded bit sequence that can be expressed as a product of functions depending on current and previous states in the (incorrect) decoded sequence and the (correct) transmitted sequence. In ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

CERN Document Server

The state vector evolution in the interaction of initial measured pure state with collective quantum system or the field with a very large number of degrees of freedom N is analysed in a nonperturbative QED formalism. As the example the measurement of the electron final state scattered on nucleus or neutrino is considered.In the nonperturbative field theory the complete manifold of the system states is nonseparable i.e. is described by tensor product of infinitely many independent Hilbert spaces. The interaction of this system with the measured state can result in the final states which belong to different Hilbert spaces which corresponds to different values of some classical observables,i.e. spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs. Interference terms (IT) between such states in the measurement of any ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors present here several recent measurements involving associate production of photons and jets at the Tevatron. In particular, inclusive photon + met from D0, and photon + b-jets and photon + b-jet + leptons + MET from CDF are described in some detail. These measurements offer a good test of QCD predictions in rather complex final states.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We demonstrate experimentally that the route to a jammed state for a set of bi-dispersed frictional disks, subjected to uni-axial compression from a random initial unjammed state, consists of a consolidation state, a fragile jammed state, and finally a rigid jammed state. In the consolidation regime, the pressure on the sides increases very slowly with the packing fraction {phi} and there are no detectable stress chains. In the fragile jammed state, stress chains are visible, the pressure increases exponentially with {phi}, and the fraction of moving disks drops exponentially. Eventually, a final regime where particle displacements are below our resolution and the pressure varies approximately linearly with {phi} is reached. We argue that this scenario is generic for ather mal frictional compressed particles.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We show that the recently measured asymmetry in helicity-angle spectra of the #LAMBDA#-hyperons, produced in the reaction pp#->#K"+#LAMBDA#p reaction, and the energy dependence of the total pp#->#K"+#LAMBDA#p cross-section can be explained consistently by the same #LAMBDA#p final-state interaction. Assuming that there is no final-state interaction in the #SIGMA#"0 p channel, as suggested by the available data for the reaction pp#->#K"+#SIGMA#"0p, we can also reproduce the energy dependence of the #LAMBDA#/#SIGMA#"0 production ratio and, in particular, the rather large ratio observed near the reaction thresholds. The nominal ratio of the #LAMBDA# and #SIGMA#"0 production amplitudes squared, i.e. when disregarding the final-state interaction, turns out to be about 3, which is in line with hyperon production data from proton and nuclear targets available at high energies. (orig.)

CERN Document Server

Recently PAMELA released their first results on the positron and antiproton ratios. Stimulated by the new data, we studied the cosmic ray propagation models and calculated the secondary positron and antiproton spectra. The low energy positron ratio can be consistent with data in the convection propagation model. Above $\\sim 10$ GeV PAMELA data shows a clear excess on the positron ratio. However, the secondary antiproton is roughly consistent with data. The positron excess may be a direct evidence of dark matter annihilation or decay. We compare the positron and anti-proton spectra with data by assuming dark matter annihilates or decays into different final states. The PAMELA data actually excludes quark pairs being the main final states, disfavors gauge boson final states. Only in the case of leptonic final states the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The research of the CELLO collaboration is reviewed. After a description of the CELLO detector tests of QCD and hadronic final states by determination of the strong coupling constant and studies of inclusive production of electrons and muons in multihadronic events in e"+e"- annihilation are described. Then studies of deep inelastic e#gamma# scattering with lepton pair production and the study of the structure function of the photon are briefly described. Finally studies on QED processes are described together with tau decays. (HSI).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We study heavy physics effects on the Higgs production in {gamma}{gamma} fusion using the effective Lagrangian approach. We find that the effects coming from new physics may enhance the standard model predictions for the number of events expected in the final states {bar {ital b}}{ital b}, {ital WW}, and {ital ZZ} up to one order of magnitude, whereas the corresponding number of events for the final state {bar {ital t}}{ital t} may be enhanced up to two orders of magnitude. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The decay channels of the Ar 2s"-"1 and 2p"-"1 and Kr 3p"-"1 and 3d"-"1 electronic hole states have been investigated by means of photoelectron-photoion coincidence measurements following innershell ionization using synchrotron radiation. With the method of final ion-charge resolving electron spectroscopy it has become possible to disentangle different contributions to the electron spectrum and to determine the decay probabilities P(nl"-"1#->#n+) of the above-mentioned hole states (nl"-"1) to the final ionic charge states n+. A high correlation with threefold or even fourfold charged ions has been found in all cases. Possible decay routes, via cascade or direct double Auger processes, are discussed on the basis of energy-level schemes calculated with the Hartree-Fock method. Special emphasis is laid on the examination of the Kr 3p"-"1 decay process, where the two fine-structure ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The optimization of ethylene furnace operations using cfd-based simulations has been addressed. The optimization problems have been cast into various formulations: the Multidisciplinary feasible (MDF) approach, the All-At-Once (AAO) approach and the Individual discipline feasible (IDF) approach. These approaches mainly differ in their handling of the state equations as constraints, and hence some of the formulations place restrictions on the methods used to solve the state equations.

Science.gov (United States)

Progress in four research areas on this project are summarized under the following topics: (1) Geminate charge pair recombination in hexane; (2) Fast current measurements resulting from excitation of charge transfer (CT) states; (3) Measurement of the dipole moment of excited states by DC conductivity; and (4) Charge separation at macroscopic interfaces between electron donor and acceptor solids. In a final section, personnel who have contributed to the project during the past budget period are described.

Science.gov (United States)

A quantum secure direct communication scheme using dense coding is proposed. At first, the sender (Alice) prepares four-particle genuine entangled states and shares them with the receiver (Bob) by sending two particles in each entangled state to him. Secondly, Alice encodes secret information by performing the unitary transformations on her particles and transmits them to Bob. Finally, Bob performs the joint measurements on his particles to decode the secret information. The two-step security test guarantees the security of communication.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper we discuss possible signatures for the production of scalar t_1t_1"* (top squarkonium) bound states #sigma#_t_1 at hadron colliders, where t_1 is the lighter scalar top eigenstate. We first study the decay of #sigma#_t_1; explicit expressions are given for all potentially important decay modes. If t_1 has unsuppressed two-body decays, they will always overwhelm the annihilation decays of #sigma#_t_1. Among the latter, we find that usually either the gg or hh final state dominates, depending on the size of the off-diagonal entry of the top squark mass matrix; h is the lighter neutral scalar Higgs boson of the minimal supersymmetric model. If m_#sigma#_t happens to be close to the mass of one of the neutral scalar Higgs bosons, Q bar Q final states dominate (Q=b or t). W"+W"- and ZZ final states are subdominant. We argue that ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We show that the recently measured asymmetry in helicity-angle spectra of the {lambda}-hyperons, produced in the reaction pp{yields}K{sup +}{lambda}p reaction, and the energy dependence of the total pp{yields}K{sup +}{lambda}p cross-section can be explained consistently by the same {lambda}p final-state interaction. Assuming that there is no final-state interaction in the {sigma}{sup 0} p channel, as suggested by the available data for the reaction pp{yields}K{sup +}{sigma}{sup 0}p, we can also reproduce the energy dependence of the {lambda}/{sigma}{sup 0} production ratio and, in particular, the rather large ratio observed near the reaction thresholds. The nominal ratio of the {lambda} and {sigma}{sup 0} production amplitudes squared, i.e. when disregarding the final-state interaction, turns out to be about 3, which is in line with hyperon production data from proton and nuclear targets available at high energies. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The decays of charmed mesons into two body nonleptonic final states are investigated. Weak interaction amplitudes of interest in these decays are extracted from lattice four-point correlation functions using a effective weak Hamiltonian including effects to order G{sub f} in the weak interactions yet containing effects to all orders in the strong interactions. The lattice calculation allows a quantitative examination of non-spectator processes in charm decays helping to elucidate the role of effects such as color coherence, final state interactions and the importance of the so called weak annihilation process. For D {yields} K{pi}, we find that the non-spectator weak annihilation diagram is not small, and we interpret this as evidence for large final state interactions. Moreover, there is indications of a resonance in the isospin {1/2} channel to which the weak ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We apply a notion of static renormalization to the preparation of cluster states for quantum computing, exploiting ideas from percolation theory. Such a strategy yields a novel way to cope with the randomness of non-deterministic quantum gates. This is most relevant in the context of linear optical architectures, where probabilistic gates are inevitable. We demonstrate how to efficiently construct cluster states without the need for rerouting, thereby avoiding a massive amount of feed-forward and conditional dynamics, and furthermore show that except for a single layer of fusion measurements during the preparation, all further measurements can be shifted to the final adapted single qubit measurements. Remarkably, the cluster state preparation is achieved using essentially the same scaling in resources as if deterministic gates were available. Further, techniques to reduce the size of the required ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The velocity distribution of electrons ejected close to the forward direction by 0.8-2 MeV/A ions traversing various solid targets, including a Au monocrystal, is measured in coincidence with emerging charge-selected ions. The velocity spectrum is observed to be independent of outgoing projectile velocity and charge state for polycrystalline targets. Measurements on the Au crystal under channeling conditions show dependences on final charge state, and are tentatively explained by assuming that the main contribution to the production yield comes from the non-channeled fraction of the ions. A simple model for the creation of the forward-ejected electrons is proposed, which accounts for most of the experimental findings.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A comparative study by Eu-L/sub III/ X-ray absorption and /sup 151/Eu-Moessbauer spectroscopy is presented for the EuPd/sub 2-x/Au/sub x/ Si/sub 2/ series. Possible ways to distinguish between mixed-valent behaviour and final-state effects in the L/sub II /I-edge spectra are discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new channel of nonlinear ionization of quantum system in a strong laser field is discussed. The probability of spontaneous radiation decay from the ground state in a short-range potential to the final Volkov wave function, is calculated by the first order of the perturbation theory. It is shown that this process at high intensities of the laser field will be comparable with the high harmonic generation. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The heavy Higgs bosons H,A of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model can be produced as resonances in high-energy #gamma##gamma# colliders. Prospects of the search for these particles in bb-bar and neutralino-pair final states are studied in this report. Heavy Higgs bosons can be found with masses up to about 70-80% of the initial e"+e"- collider energy for moderate values of tan #beta#, i.e. in areas of the parameter space not accessible at other colliders.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Intrinsic crossluminescence (CRL) of CsBr, CsCl, and of BaF{sub 2} was investigated with electron-beam and synchrotron radiation excitation. From the CRL spectra, the excitation spectra and the reflectivity, energy level schemes were deduced. Extrinsic CRL was observed changing either the initial (CsCl:Br{sup -}) or the final (RbCl:Cs{sup +}; KCl:Cs{sup +}) state of CRL by doping. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We investigate the scope of all relevant production modes of charged Higgs bosons in the MSSM, with mass larger than the one of the top quark, at future Linear Colliders operating in {gamma}{gamma} mode at the TeV energy scale. Final states with one or two H{sup {+-}} bosons are considered, as produced by both tree- and loop-level interactions. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Air Force Prototype Thermal Flash Protective Device (TFPD) Goggles were furnished to USAFSAM by the Life Support System Program Office, Aeronautical Systems Division, for determination and evaluation of their eye-type goggles caused stressed areas. The bonding used in the production model eliminated the stressed areas, resulting in increased closed-state optical density, particularly in the upper nasal area of the lens.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The nature of interaction of some boromagnesium minerals with water is studied, the main stages of interaction are established. The methods of thermo-gravimetric, X-ray phase and chemical analyses are applied to state intermediate and final phases of magnesium borate interaction with water. ''Preobrazhenskite'' - ''inderite'' paragenesis is established. The notion ''magnesium borate solubility'' is shown to be senseless.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Observed 7-eV satellites in the XPS spectra of UGa_2 and other B-group compounds are shown to be due to two-hole final states as confirmed by existing Auger data. The presence of these satellites is an indication for a weak fd hybridization and, when compared to uranium--transition-metal compounds, increased 5f localization.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Evolutionary conservation of DNA sequences provides a tool for the identification of functional elements in genomes. We have created a database of evolutionary conserved regions (ECRs) in vertebrate genomes entitled ECRbase that is constructed from a collection of pairwise vertebrate genome alignments produced by the ECR Browser database. ECRbase features a database of syntenic blocks that recapitulate the evolution of rearrangements in vertebrates and a collection of promoters in all vertebrate genomes presented in the database. The database also contains a collection of annotated transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in all ECRs and promoter elements. ECRbase currently includes human, rhesus macaque, dog, opossum, rat, mouse, chicken, frog, zebrafish, and two pufferfish genomes. It is freely accessible at http://ECRbase.dcode.org.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The set of nonlinear equations describing the standard model kinematics of the top quark antiquark production system in the dilepton decay channel has at most a fourfold ambiguity due to two not fully reconstructed neutrinos. Its most precise solution is of major importance for measurements of top quark properties like the top quark mass and tt spin correlations. Simple algebraic operations allow one to transform the nonlinear equations into a system of two polynomial equations with two unknowns. These two polynomials of multidegree eight can in turn be analytically reduced to one polynomial with one unknown by means of resultants. The obtained univariate polynomial is of degree 16. The number of its real solutions is determined analytically by means of Sturm's theorem, which is as well used to isolate each real solution into a unique pairwise disjoint interval. The solutions are polished by seeking the sign change of the polynomial in a given interval through ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Modifications to the reference concept were studied and the best approaches defined. The impact of the high efficiency multibandgap solar array on the reference concept design is considered. System trade studies for several solid state concepts, including the sandwich concept and a separate antenna/solar concept, are described. Two solid state concepts were selected and a design definition is presented for each. Magnetrons as an alternative to the reference klystrons for dc/rf conversion are evaluated. System definitions are presented for the preferred klystron and solid state concepts. Supporting systems are analyzed, with major analysis in the microwave, structures, and power distribution areas. Results of studies for thermal control, attitude control, stationkeeping, and details of a multibandgap solar cell study are included. Advanced laser concepts and the meteorological effects of a laser beam power transmission ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the spring of 2009, the Romanian government has proposed a restructuring of the national power generation sector segment that is still owned by the state. As most of the power generation capacity is still state-owned, this restructuring will dramatically alter the competitive landscape of this sector. This paper is analyzing the rationale and principles of the restructuring as stated by government documents and officials, the assessment methodology and criteria proposed by the government, as well as the proposed final outcome of the restructuring initiative. Based on this critical assessment and the early results of the restructuring's implementation, we are able to make recommendations that can be considered for a revised restructuring approach. - Research highlights: #-># Power generation sector restructuring is proposed in 2009 by the Romanian government. #-># We assess the objectives, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Within the framework of the German Federal-State 1000 Roofs Photovoltaic Programme monthly measuring data and verbal comments on the PV system operation (reports on failures and defects) have been collected, stored in a databank and evaluated for the period 1991 to 1997 for a differing number of PV systems. In addition to this came along data of initially 100, then 40 intensively measured systems. The results of the measuring data evaluation as well as the results of further accompanying research projects to the Federal-State 1000 Roofs Photovoltaic Programme (e.g. low energy yield analysis, on-site inspections and measuring of nominal powers) are summarised. Starting from the gained results, conclusions and recommendations are given for the design, installation and operation for future grid-connected PV-systems. Also it is pointed to the remaining need for optimisation and R and D. Additional part of the report are the Annual Journal ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The symmetric noncoplanar (e,2e) cross sections (momentum profiles) of H_2 and D_2 for the transitions to the 2p#sigma#_u and 2s#sigma#_g excited ion states have been measured, relative to the ground-state ion transition, using a high-sensitivity multichannel momentum-dispersive electron momentum spectrometer (EMS) at an impact energy of 1200 eV. Newly calculated plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA) cross sections, based on a full-configuration-interaction H_2 wave function, are compared to the experimental results. These calculations are in better agreement with the experimental results for the transition to the 2s#sigma#_g ion state than the earlier theoretical work of Liu and Smith, Jr. [Phys. Rev. A 31, 3003 (1985)] which has been found to be in error. Nevertheless, significant discrepancies between the relative experimental and theoretical cross sections are observed for the transitions to excited ion ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The objective of this study is to describe the complete transport chain of CO2 between capture and storage including a ship transport. This last one is composed by the following steps:Shore terminal including the liquefaction, temporary storage and CO2 loading. Ship with a capacity of 30,000m^3. On or off shore terminal including an unloading system, temporary storage and export towards the final storage. Between all the possible thermodynamic states, the liquid one is most relevant two options are compared in the study (-50^oC, 7bar) and (-30^oC, 15bar). The ship has an autonomy of 6 days, is able to cover 1000km with a cargo of 2.5Mt/year. Several scenarios are studied varying the geographical position of the CO2 source, the number of harbours and the way the CO2 is finally stored. Depen...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The short review of complete tree level calculations for three particle final states production at the future e"+e"-, #gamma#e and #gamma##gamma# colliders is presented. The results obtained with the help of CompHEP system for total cross sections and other characteristics of processes in the energy range 0.1-2 TeV are summarized and their comparison with the results of different approaches is discussed. In particular we are interested in the processes of W, Z and H boson production. The reactions under consideration are especially interesting in connection with probing of new couplings, searching for new particle signals and as an important backgrounds to these experiments. The main subjects described are basic reactions rates (sections 2,3), Higgs production in #gamma#e collisions (section 4), the possibilities of testing some four vector bosons interaction vertices and Higgs-fermion coupling (section 5), the process of excited neutrino ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The BNL Neutral Beam Development Group has been active in the program for the development of high energy, high power neutral beam systems since 1973. These injectors are based on the production, acceleration and neutralization of negative hydrogen or deuterium ions and are supposed to be used for plasma heating and current drive in the next generation of fusion devices. Over the span of 10 years the group has studied plasma-surface type of negative hydrogen ion sources, transport and acceleration of negative ion beams and neutralization of negative ions in gases and plasmas. As the required source parameters (current, pulse length, efficiency) were changing over this period of time, the group developed several types of sources, resulting finally in the design of a steady state device operating with an excellent gas efficiency and having the possibility of scaling-up to the size necessary for a high power neutral beam system. The funding of this ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To systematically analyze the dynamical implications of the matter content in cosmology, we generalize earlier dynamical systems approaches so that perfect fluids with a general barotropic equation of state can be treated. We focus on locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type IX and Kantowski-Sachs orthogonal perfect fluid models, since such models exhibit a particularly rich dynamical structure and also illustrate typical features of more general cases. For these models, we recast Einstein's field equations into a regular system on a compact state space, which is the basis for our analysis. We prove that models expand from a singularity and recollapse to a singularity when the perfect fluid satisfies the strong energy condition. When the matter source admits Einstein's static model, we present a comprehensive dynamical description, which includes the qualitative asymptotic behavior, of models in the neighborhood of the Einstein model; the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this systematic examination of some of the spectroscopic properties of the f-elements we deal with both the trivalent lanthanides and actinides. We summarize the present status of our energy level calculations in single crystal matrices and in aqueous solution, and compare the predicted crystal-field structure in certain low-symmetry sites with that observed. Some interesting new structural insights are thereby gained. The state eigenvectors from these calculations are then used in part in reassessing and interpreting the intensities of transitions in aqueous solution via the Judd-Ofelt theory. The parameters of this theory derived from fitting experimental data are compared with those computed from model considerations. Finally, we discuss some recent contributions to the interpretation of excited state relaxation processes in aqueous solution. 79 references, 23 figures, 17 tables.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Before disposing of transuranic radioactive wastes in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), the United States Department of Energy (DOE) must evaluate compliance with applicable long-term regulations of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Sandia National Laboratories is conducting iterative performance assessments of the WIPP for the DOE to provide interim guidance while preparing for final compliance evaluations. This volume contains an overview of WIPP performance assessment and a preliminary comparison with the long-term requirements of the Environmental Radiation Protection Standards for Management and Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level and Transuranic Radioactive Wastes (40 CFR 191, Subpart B).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The study concerns the assessment of the state of the environment in Lebanon and the identification of policy options has three specific objectives namely to determine the conditions of the environment in Lebanon after years of wars (1975-1992); to identify environmentals trends associated with Lebanon's development and to assess their sustainability; to identify policy options for environmental management. Issues of the environment concerned are both the brown issues e.g. the management of wastes and effluent arising from human activitiesand green issues, the natural resource base defined through main receptors:air, water (including coastal waters), land and terrestrial ecology sectors such as agriculture, industry, energy, transport, tourism and fisheries, population and human settlements are also studied

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

North Carolina A and T State University has completed the development of an infrastructure for the interdisciplinary Waste Management Institute (WMI). The Interdisciplinary Waste Management Institute (WMI) was approved in June, 1994 by the General Administration of the University of North Carolina as an academic support unit with research and public service functions. The mission of the WMI is to enhance awareness and understanding of waste management issues and to provide instructional support including research and outreach. The goals of WMI are as follows: increase the number of minority professionals who will work in waste management fields; develop cooperative and exchange programs involving faculty, students, government, and industry; serve as institutional sponsor of public awareness workshops and lecture series; and support interdisciplinary research programs. The vision of the WMI is to provide continued state-of-the art environmental ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Consortium for Fossil Fuel Liquefaction Science (CFFLS) is a research consortium that includes five universities and a state energy laboratory. The membership is comprised of Auburn University, the University of Kentucky, the University of Pittsburgh, the University of Utah, West Virginia University, and the Kentucky Energy Cabinet Laboratory. The Consortium was formed in 1984 in response to the concern of the faculty and scientists at these institutions over the decline of coal liquefaction research in the United States, particularly long-range, basic research. Significant progress towards these goals was made in the current contract period. Major research accomplishments are presented on coal desulfurization, coprocessing, pyrolysis, enhanced reactivity, characterization, resource evaluation and database development. 108 refs., 90 figs., 38 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

At future [gamma][gamma] colliders copious production of [ital t] [bar t] pairs is possible. This would allow for a detailed investigation of the interactions involving the top quark. We propose some correlations which are sensitive to [ital t] [bar t] final state interactions and we compute the QCD and standard model Higgs boson contributions to these correlations. A correlation resulting from the QCD induced transverse polarization of top quarks is found to be sizable and measurable at a high energy [ital e][sup +][ital e][sup [minus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

At future #gamma##gamma# colliders copious production of t bar t pairs is possible. This would allow for a detailed investigation of the interactions involving the top quark. We propose some correlations which are sensitive to t bar t final state interactions and we compute the QCD and standard model Higgs boson contributions to these correlations. A correlation resulting from the QCD induced transverse polarization of top quarks is found to be sizable and measurable at a high energy e"+e"- collider, which is operated as a photon collider through backscattering of laser photons, at an integrated luminosity of 10 fb"-"1.

CERN Document Server

We consider the impact of a 4th generation on Higgs to $\\gamma\\gamma$ and $WW,ZZ$ signals and demonstrate that the Tevatron and LHC have essentially eliminated the possibility of a 4th generation if the Higgs is SM-like and has mass below 200 GeV. We also show that the absence of enhanced Higgs signals in current data sets in the $\\gamma\\gamma$ and $WW,ZZ$ final states can strongly constrain (almost eliminate) the possibility of a 4th generation in two-Higgs-doublet models of type II (in the MSSM).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The heavy neutral Higgs bosons H, A in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model can be produced as single resonances at high-energy {gamma}{gamma} colliders. We have studied the prospects of the search for these particles in bb and neutralino-pair final states. The Higgs bosons can be found with masses up to 70-80% of the initial e{sup {+-}}e{sup -} collider energy for medium values of tg{beta}, i.e. in areas of the supersymmetric parameter space not accessible at other colliders. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Since 1976 the Austrian Research Centre Seibersdorf has the task to collect, treat and store radioactive waste (Radwaste) arising in Austria. Within the Department of Waste Management a variety of appropriate treatment systems are installed. For storing unconditioned and conditioned waste proper storage-halls are available. The collection of Radwaste is carried out using 100 l drums, for the conditioned waste the 200 l drum concept is used. The interim storage of conditioned waste is done at Seibersdorf until a final repository is built. The present plan foresees one to be in operation at the year 2012. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In January, 1985, the Government of Thailand sought assistance from the United States Trade and Development Program (USTDP) to undertake a feasibility study to review and update the solid waste management master plan, with particular emphasis to be placed on waste disposal methods. In April, 1985, the USTDP engaged the firm of Engineering and Economic Research, Inc. to carry out a definitional/prefeasibility study to assess the potential of a project for solid waste management and energy production using municipal solid waste as fuel.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We propose unsteady-state reverse osmosis cell modelling in two dimensions. The convection-diffusion equation describing the concentration of the relevant chemical species is solved by a finite difference technique, while the velocity field is described by empirical expressions for spiral-wound membrane cells. A non-constant permeability is introduced to take into account the effects of membrane compaction at high operating pressures. The role of concentration polarization is discussed for different values of the parameters describing the global process. Finally, the model is applied to predict the effects of a pulsating flow where a cyclic pressure feed is adopted to enhance the permeate flux. In this context, an experimental validation of the model is proposed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Close coupled expressions for phenomenological cross sections which describe transport properties of atom--diatom mixtures are obtained in the total-J coupling scheme and are related to the bracket integrals of kinetic theory. Coupled states and infinite order sudden expressions for the generalized phenomenological cross sections using initial, final, and average l-labeling are also given. Particular care is taken to use a phase convention for the CS and IOS approximations which is consistent with the Arthurs--Dalgarno formalism and which gives the correct behavior of degeneracy averaged differential cross sections.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Results of an experimental study of the interaction of 140 MeV alpha particles with /sup 90/Zr nuclei resulting in fragmentation of the alpha particle are reported. The experimental observations of the study are analyzed and are found to show that alpha particle breakup reactions leading to at least 4-body final states, composed of two charged alpha particle fragments, contribute significantly to the singles yield of charged fragments observed at a fixed forward angle. The conclusions are based on coincidence measurements where one charged fragment is detected at a small forward angle which remains fixed, while the second charged fragment is detected at a series of coplanar secondary angles. The largest coincidence charged particle yield for the multiparticle final state events results from /sup 90/Zr(..cap alpha..,pp)X reactions, where both of the measured protons have energy distributions similar to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The one-particle models of crystal-field theory provide a qualitative interpretation for the observed ground state splitting of four Kramers doublets of the {sup 8}S{sub 7/2} of Bk{sup 4+} doped into CeF{sub 4}. A set of nine nonzero (B{sup k}{sub q}) parameters corresponding a C{sub 2v} point symmetry provide a very good correlation between the experimental data and simulated energy level schemes within a rms deviation of 13.7 cm{sup -1}. The calculated and experimental energy values have the same order-of-magnitude for the ground state and excited components. The total ground state splitting of the S-state ions of f-elements such as Bk{sup 4+} in CeF{sub 4} is larger when compared with Cm{sup 3+} :LaCl{sub 3} and Gd{sup 3+} :La(C{sub 2}H{sub 5}SO{sub 4}){sub 3}-9H{sub 2}O ions. The so-called crystal-field strength parameter, N{sub v}, increases as a function of the increasing maximum splitting of the ...

CERN Document Server

Observations of redshift-space distortions in spectroscopic galaxy surveys offer an attractive method for measuring the build-up of cosmological structure, which depends both on the expansion rate of the Universe and our theory of gravity. Galaxies occupy dark matter halos, whose redshift space clustering has a complex dependence on bias that cannot be inferred from the behavior of matter. We identify two distinct corrections on quasilinear scales (~ 30-80 Mpc/h): the non-linear mapping between real and redshift space positions, and the non-linear suppression of power in the velocity divergence field. We model the first non-perturbatively using the scale-dependent Gaussian streaming model, which we show is accurate at the 10 (s>25) Mpc/h for the monopole (quadrupole) halo correlation functions. We use perturbation theory to predict the real space pairwise halo velocity statistics. Our fully analytic model is accurate at the 2 per cent level only on scales s > ...

CERN Document Server

We propose a method to determine the cosmic mass density Omega from redshift-space distortions induced by large-scale flows in the presence of nonlinear clustering. Nonlinear structures in redshift space such as fingers of God can contaminate distortions from linear flows on scales as large as several times the small-scale pairwise velocity dispersion sigma_v. Following Peacock & Dodds (1994), we work in the Fourier domain and propose a model to describe the anisotropy in the redshift-space power spectrum; tests with high-resolution numerical data demonstrate that the model is robust for both mass and biased galaxy halos on translinear scales and above. On the basis of this model, we propose an estimator of the linear growth parameter beta = Omega^0.6/b, where b measures bias, derived from sampling functions which are tuned to eliminate distortions from nonlinear clustering. The measure is tested on the numerical data and found to recover the true value of beta ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neutron diffraction was used to monitor elastic strains during in situ tension testing of a directionally solidified (DS) superalloy at 900 deg. C. Changes in misfit and thermal expansion coefficients of individual phases were obtained. In the {gamma} phase, it is demonstrated that elastic strains saturate at 350 MPa, which is well below the yield strength of the alloy. This is interpreted as the onset of dislocation glide through less stressed vertical channels. The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of {gamma} is found to be 143 {+-} 11 MPa, in agreement with a calculated CRSS that is dominated by Orowan bowing of dislocations through nanoscale-wide {gamma} channels. This provides confirmation of Orowan bowing in plasticity/creep of the {gamma} phase. Implications of CRSS and misfit in a 'threshold stress' for creep and rafting are discussed. The CRSS of {gamma}' is found to be consistent with pairwise penetration of dislocations ...

CERN Document Server

We investigate the possibility of producing the $\\omega\\phi$ threshold enhancement recently observed in the $J\\psi\\to\\gamma X(1812),~X(1812)\\to\\omega\\phi$ at BES by assuming the X(1812) to be a candidate of $(K^{*}\\bar K^{*0})$ molecular state. We evaluate the decay rate of $X(1812)\\to\\eta\\eta', \\eta\\eta, \\omega\\phi, K^+K^-, \\rho^+\\rho^-$, $\\omega\\omega, K^{*+}K^{*-}$ and $\\pi^+\\pi^-$ based on the X(1812) to be a candidate of $(\\ksks)$ molecule. It turns out the X(1812) dominantly decays into $\\eta\\eta'$ and $\\eta\\eta$. These channels are suggested to be the laboratory to test the molecular scenario in experiment. We also evaluate the branching fraction $Br(X\\to\\omega\\phi)\\simeq 4.60%$. However, the X(1812) has small branching fractions to decay into other $VV$ or $PP$ final states, from which it seems to be consistent with the experimental observation. In the molecular scenario, the X(1812) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This document is the final report on the workshop on stems and trunks in plant form and function relating to DOE grant DE-FG06-93ER20128 which took place at Oregon State University in February 1994. The resulting book is organized into four sections and a synthesis: roles of stem architecture in plant performance, roles of stems in transport and storage of water, roles of live stem cells in plant performance, and the roles of stems in preventing or reacting to response to plant injury. The synthesis stemmed from debated and discussion by the authors and a few dozen other workshop participants. The authors cover many stem functions, although the list is not exhaustive, and the focus is on terrestrial woody tree stems, primarily of temperate and boreal zones. More research on trunks, branches and twigs is important for a baseline understanding of plant biology. In the face of anticipated human-caused changes to most environments, we need not only ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A generalized approach to the analysis of the effects of transmission line faults on natural gas transmission pipelines has been developed and is presented in this report. A state of the art user-friendly computational tool has been developed and verified for the analysis of interference between electrical power lines and nearby buried or above-ground pipelines. This computer program, ECCAPP, is distinguished by its ability to model and analyze accurately complex, realistic interactions between pipelines and power lines, using easily obtained input data. The final report consists of three volumes. An independent fourth volume was also developed to simplify the installation of the ECCAPP software. This report, volume 1, contains the theory upon which the ECCAPP computer program is based. A parametric analysis and graphical charts have been formulated using ECCAPP to permit estimates to be made in the field or during preliminary analyses for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The University of Georgia, in collaboration with GE Global Research, has investigated the relevant quenching mechanism of phosphor coatings used in white light devices based on UV LEDs. The final goal of the project was the design and fabrication of a high-efficacy white light UV-LED device through improved geometry and optimized phosphor coatings. At the end of the research period, which was extended to seamlessly carry over the research to a follow-up program, we have demonstrated a two-fold improvement in the conversion efficiency of a white light LED device, where the increase efficacy is due to both improved phosphor quantum efficiency and lamp geometry. Working prototypes have been displayed at DOE sponsored meetings and during the final presentation at the DOE Headquarters in Washington, DC. During the first phase of the project, a fundamental understanding of quenching processes in UV-LEDs was obtained, and the relationships that ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission (IOGCC) engaged in numerous projects outlined under the scope of work discussed in the United States Department of Energy (DOE) grant number DE-FG26-01BC15336 awarded to the IOGCC. Numerous projects were completed that were extremely valuable to state oil and gas agencies as a result of work performed utilizing resources provided by the grant. There are numerous areas in which state agencies still need assistance. This additional assistance will need to be addressed under another grant because funding resources have been exhausted under The scope of work objectives for the eight projects covered under this grant is as follows: (1) Improve uniformity within state oil and gas data management efforts. (2) Conduct environmental compliance workshops and related educational projects on natural gas and oil exploration and production. (3) Improve regulatory ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The concepts of ''fast'' and ''slow'' time scale valence measurements are emphasized by a comparison of L/sub III/ absorption and Mossbauer effect measurements on the temperature induced valence change in EuPd/sub 2/Si/sub 2/. Further the authors show how synchrotron radiation based L/sub III/ measurements of the Ce-valence state can be used to demonstrate electronic structure trends under wide changes in chemical environment. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to researchers in the People's Republic of China to the field of mixed valent rate earth compounds. They hope to illustrate some of the basic concepts in this field, how the field is contributing to the overall insight into the chemical physics of solids and finally how synchrotron radiation measurements in particular are playing a key role in this field.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coal can be converted to liquid fuels via three generically defined technologies: pyrolysis, direct hydroliquefaction, and indirect liquefaction. This paper presents a general overview of the indirect liquefaction technology and a discussion of processes tht are commercially available as well as those in the development stage. Finally, the objective of the DOE research and development program in conversion of synthesis gas derived from coal to transportation fuels is summarized. The current outlook for indirect liquefaction is encouraging. New facilities are being built in South Africe and New Zealand, and commercial plants could be designed and built for operation in the United States using proven technology. At the same time, developments in gasification as well as liquefaction catalysts and reactor technology promise significant improvements in indirect liquefaction processes in the years to come.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A method, based on anion exchange chromatography, is presented for the isolation of "1"3"9Ce after production by a proton-induced nuclear reaction on a thick praseodymium target. After bombardment the target is dissolved in nitric acid and "1"3"9Ce oxidised to the Ce(IV) oxidation state with bromic acid. "1"3"9Ce is then separated form the praseodymium by anion exchange chromatography on a Ag MP-1 resin column in a nitric acid - bromic acid mixture. "1"3"9Ce is sorbed onto the resin column and praseodymium eluted with the acid mixture. The bromic acid is washed out of the column with nitric acid and "1"3"9Ce finally eluted with dilute nitric acid containing sulphur dioxide.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benthic biological samples were taken in 1977 from the vicinity of the Farallon Islands radioactive waste disposal sites for characterization of the infaunal macroinvertebrates and foraminifera. A total of 120 invertebrate species were collected, of which 75 species (63 percent) were polychaetes. Forty-three of these polychaete species have not previously been reported from depths greater than 1000m. A total of 1044 macroinvertebrate specimens were collected of which 54 percent were polychates. Only the nematods were present at all six benthic stations, but the community structure was dominated by the polychaetes Tauberia gracilis, Allia pulchra, Chaetozone setosa, and Cossura candida. Living and dead foraminifera were reported. The possible role of polychaetes in bioturbation and in the marine food chain is briefly discussed with respect to the various polychaete feeding mechanisms.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The performance requirements of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) challenge the control system in a number of areas. This paper will review a few applications of advanced technology in the control and monitoring of the APS. The application of digital signal processors (DSPs) and techniques will be discussed, both from the perspective of a large distributed multiprocessor system and from that of embedded systems. In particular, two embedded applications will be highlighted, a beam position monitor processor and a DSP-based power supply controller. Fast data distribution is often a requirement. The application of a high-speed network based on reflective memory will also be discussed in the context of the APS global orbit feedback system. Timing systems provide opportunities to apply technologies such as high-speed logic and fiber optics. Examples of the use of these technologies will also be included. Finally, every modern accelerator control system of any size ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

DVR project concerns the creation of a virtual reality OpenGL system for desktop applications in archaeology. The main goal is the creation of a 3D information system using the real time interaction of OpenGL environments. The first case study implemented is the Vettii House, one of the most important and outstanding monuments in Pompei. The virtual reconstruction of these architectural models is based on very detailed photogrammetric surveys and it is connected with information layers and archaeometric data-bases regarding the state of conservation of walls, structures and any type of materials of the monument. A full 3D interface characterizes the system, comprising a high resolution texturing with detailed volumetric and geometric data. Finally, for the future, the project plans to fit the system for scientific and end users through the installation of stations on site.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The existence of multipole components in the dipole and quadrupole magnets is one of the factors limiting the beam stability in the RHIC operations. So, a realistic non-linear model is crucial for understanding the beam behavior and to achieve the ultimate performance in RHIC. A procedure is developed to build a non-linear model using the available multipole component data obtained from measurements of RHIC magnets. We first discuss the measurements performed at different stages of manufacturing of the magnets in relation to their current state in RHIC. We then describe the procedure to implement these measurement data into tracking models, including the implementation of the multipole feed down effect due to the beam orbit offset from the magnet center. Finally, the field quality analysis in the RHIC interaction regions (IR) is presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present production rates of the two- and three-jet final states for the processes of massive cc/bb quark production in circularly polarized photon-photon collisions, including QCD radiative corrections. Lowest-order cross section, one-loop virtual correction, and gluon emission correction are shown to be of the same order of magnitude for bb quark production at s{sub {gamma}{gamma}} similar 100 GeV. It is shown that the signal from an intermediate mass Higgs boson is observable at a photon-photon collider, though the statistical significance is substantially reduced with respect to the tree-level calculation. ((orig.)).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The oil shale PCTM for Modified In Situ Oil Shale Retorting combined with Lurgi Surface Retorting addresses the application of this combination of technologies to the development of oil shale resources in the western United States. This manual describes the combined plant using Lurgi surface retorting technology (developed by Lurgi Kohle and Mineralotechnik GmbH, West Germany) and the Modified In Situ process (developed by Occidental Oil Shale, Inc.) proposed by Occidental Oil Shale, Inc. and Tenneco Shale Oil Company for use in the development of their Federal oil shale lease Tract C-b in western Colorado. Since details regarding waste streams and control technologies for the Lurgi process are presented in a separate PCTM, this document focuses principally on the Modified In Situ process.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The dogmatic and constitutional basis as well as points of definition concerning the Technical Code Clean Air (TA Luft) are explained at first, followed by an assessment of the air pollution concentrations within the overall complex of the air pollution abatement measures, and an analyses of air pollution concentrations as a concretization of the state-of-the-art. In connection with the differentiation of the various applicability levels of TA Luft, the inhouse validy for authorities, the importance for law courts and, finally, the external binding effect for plant operators and possible third parties are discussed. At the center of attention are questions concerning validity claims and validity possibilities. (HSCH).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Differential cross sections for dijet photoproduction in association with a leading neutron using the reaction e{sup +}+p{yields}e{sup +}+n+jet+jet+X{sub r} have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 6.4 pb{sup -1}. The fraction of dijet events with a leading neutron in the final state was studied as a function of the jet kinematic variables. The cross sections were measured for jet transverse energies E{sub T}{sup jet}>6 GeV, neutron energy E{sub n}>400 GeV, and neutron production angle {theta}{sub n}<0.8 mrad. The data are broadly consistent with factorization of the lepton and hadron vertices and with a simple one-pion-exchange model.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present paper describes the investigation of the static and dynamic behaviour of an 20 kW pressure electrolyser. The suitability for a coupled operating regime with a wind power plant has been investigated. At first the static behaviour has been analysed. The share of oxygen in hydrogen gas is lower than 0.5 Vol%. But reaching the temperature limit of 80 deg C leads to a switch off of the electrolyser, accompanied by an increase of the oxygen share in hydrogen gas up to 1.3 Vol%. Therefore, an improvement of the cooling system is necessary. Secondly, the electrolyser was excited by different step signals for load changing and finally, the electrolyser has been controlled by the power output signal of the windmill. The investigation shows that the development of a direct coupled wind-hydrogen system will be only a small step. 3 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) is interested in assessing the potential economic impacts of its portfolio of subprograms on national employment and income. A special purpose version of the IMPLAN input-output model called ImBuild II is used in this study of 20 subprograms of the Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program contained in the EERE final FY 2005 budget request to the Office of Management and Budget on February 2, 2004. Energy savings, investments, and impacts on U.S. national employment and earned income are reported by subprogram for selected years to the year 2030. Energy savings and investments from these subprograms have the potential of creating a total of 228,000 jobs and about $3.1 billion in earned income (2003$) by the year 2030.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Negligent hazardous waste management has resulted in real threats to public health. The Federal Government has responded to the situation with laws and regulations aimed at the producers of hazardous waste, including clinical laboratories. The Resources Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) imposes controls on hazardous waste management through the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Transportation (DOT) regulate these activities through 40 CFR and 49 CFR. Most clinical laboratories can operate satellite accumulation points and accumulate, store, transport, and dispose of waste in accordance with EPA and DOT regulations. Regulations pertaining to infectious waste, sure to affect many clinical laboratories, are being developed now by he EPA. The cradle to grave tracking system mandated by the Federal Government can be supplemented by state and local authorities and poses a significant regulatory challenge ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors examined the effects of large escapements of sockeye salmon in to the Kenai River and into Red and Akalura Lakes on Kodiak Island. Estimated smolt numbers outmigrating from the Kenai River decreased from 30 million in 1989 to under 500,000 in 1992. Decreased overwintering survival of age-0 juvenile sockeye salmon rearing in Skilak and Kenai lakes is the major contributor to this decline. Preliminary examination of limnological data from Skilak and Kenai Lakes provided no obvious explanation for this major decline in winter survival of juvenile sockeye. Due to differences in diel vertical migration of zooplankton among glacial lakes on the Kenai Peninsula with varying planktivores levels, the authors hypothesize that behavioral changes of zooplankton induced by predation may be a major contributor to the juvenile sockeye decline.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production of the {lambda}- and {sigma}{sup 0}-hyperons has been measured via the pp{yields}pK{sup +}{lambda}/{sigma}{sup 0} reaction at the internal COSY-11 facility in the excess energy range between 14 and 60 MeV. The transition of the {lambda}/{sigma}{sup 0} cross-section ratio from about 28 at Q{<=}13 MeV to the high-energy level of about 2.5 is covered by the data showing a strong decrease of the ratio between 10 and 20 MeV excess energy. Effects from the final-state interactions in the p-{sigma}{sup 0} channel seem to be much smaller than in the p-{lambda} channel. Estimates of the effective range parameters are given for the N{lambda} and the N{sigma} systems. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We investigate the reaction pn {yields}d{pi} {pi} in the framework of Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT). For the first time a complete calculation of the leading-order contributions is presented. We identify various diagrams that are of equal importance as compared to those recognized in earlier works. The diagrams at leading order behave as expected by the power counting. Also for the first time the nucleon-nucleon interaction in the initial, intermediate and final state is included consistently and found to be very important. Although the perturbative series for the production operator is expected to converge very slowly, this study provides the theoretical basis for a future evaluation of the non-resonant contributions in two-pion production reactions in nucleon-nucleon collisions. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

All of the direct reaction schemes described and the corresponding process schemes are still in an exploratory state. Ethylene by oxidative coupling of methane could become competitive if process schemes are developed with significantly less expenditures for separation of the product from unconverted feed. No encouragement for formaldehyde from methane can be presently derived from the existing knowledge. Liquid-phase oxidation of methane to methanol appears to be attractive but no final judgement is possible at present. Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylene and propane look promising although further catalyst improvement is required. Acetic acid from ethane and acrylonitrile from propane have a certain potential as an alternative to present technology. The outlook for acrolein and acrylic acid from propane is less favourable; new concepts for catalyst design are necessary. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nuclear rocket research and development was initiated in the United States in 1955 and is still being pursued to a limited extent. The major technology emphasis occurred in the decade of the 1960s and was primarily associated with the Rover/NERVA Program where the technology for a nuclear rocket engine system for space application was developed and demonstrated. The NERVA (Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application) technology developed twenty years ago provides a comprehensive and viable propulsion technology base that can be applied and will prove to be valuable for application to the NASA Space Exploration Initiative (SEI). This paper, which is historical in scope, provides an overview of the conduct of the NERVA Engine Program, its organization and management, development philosophy, the engine configuration, and significant accomplishments.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The CALPHAD (calculations of phase diagrams) method is used to examine the effects of applied magnetic fields on the {alpha}/{gamma} phase boundary in the Fe-Si system in the paramagnetic state. The reported susceptibility data for pure Fe is first re-evaluated. The contributions to the total Gibbs energy of the ferrite ({alpha}) and austenite ({gamma}) from the external fields are calculated based on the Curie-Weiss law and the re-evaluated susceptibility data. The Fe-Si phase diagram on the Fe-rich side as a function of applied field is calculated using the Thermo-Calc(TM) package. With increasing field strength, the {gamma} loop shrinks monotonically; that is, the {alpha}/{gamma}-Fe transition temperature increases while that for {gamma}/{delta}-Fe transition decreases, albeit more slowly. Finally, in conformance with the existing CALPHAD databank, Redlich-Kister polynomials are proposed to account for the compositional and temperature ...

CERN Document Server

We report the observation of two narrow structures at 10610MeV/c^2 and 10650MeV/c^2 in the pi^{\\pm}Upsilon(nS) (n=1,2,3) and pi^{\\pm}h_b(mP) (m=1,2) mass spectra that are produced in association with a single charged pion in Upsilon(5S) decays. The measured masses and widths of the two structures averaged over the five final states are M_1=10608.4\\pm2.0MeV/c^2, Gamma_1=15.6\\pm2.5MeV and M_2=10653.2\\pm1.5MeV/c^2, Gamma_2=14.4\\pm3.2MeV. Analysis favors quantum numbers of I^G(J^P)=1^+(1^+) for both states. The results are obtained with a 121.4fb^{-1} data sample collected with the Belle detector near the Upsilon(5S) resonance, at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using a sample of 88 less developed countries, hypotheses were tested over time in panel regression models to determine what type of impact military and arms expenditures have on national economic growth and development. Hypotheses were drawn from three theoretical perspectives. The first set of tested hypotheses came from the modernization literature, which assumes that expenditures have positive ripple effects in national economies that are good for growth and development. The second set is based on the economic dependency and world systems theories. These theories assume that the relationships between countries affect a nation's economic structure and that arms expenditures are a mechanism used by core industrialized nations to increase economic penetration and dependency of periphery unindustrialized countries. Finally, the third set of hypotheses is grounded in literature on the role of the state in development. Briefly, it is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The combined effects of environment, yield strength and stress state on the cracking susceptibility of beta-extruded Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn have been examined. At a constant yield strength and under plane strain conditions, the stress intensity required for slow crack propagation decreased as the severity of the environment increased, i.e., from laboratory air to 3.5% NaCl. Furthermore, the crack propagation rates were a function of both stress intensity, and environmental severity. Although the fracture toughness and threshold stress intensities for slow crack growth generally decreased with increasing yield strength, aging, which resulted in the precipitation of ordered Ti3Al particles in the primary alpha phase, tended to accentuate the susceptibility of this alloy to sustained load/stress corrosion cracking. Finally, at constant yield strength, the sustained load cracking threshold stress intensity was a function of stress ...

CERN Document Server

A new monolithic semi-insulating (SI) GaAs sensor design for X-ray imaging applications between 10-100keV has been proposed. Monolithic pixel detectors offer a number of advantages over hybrid bump-bonded detectors, such as high device yield, low costs and are easier to produce large scale arrays. In this thesis, an investigation is made of the use of a SI GaAs wafer as both a detector element and substrate for the epitaxially grown High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). The design of the HEMT transistors, optimised for this application, were produced with the aid of the Silvaco 'Virtual Wafer Fab' simulation package. It was determined that the device characteristics would consist of a small positive threshold voltage, a low off-state drain current and high transconductance. The final HEMT transistor design, that would be integrated to a pixel detector, had a threshold voltage of 0.17V, an off-state leakage current of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This report is in accordance with Phase I of the United States Department of Energy and Bureau of Mines Contract No. USDOE DE-AC01-77QQ90147. A thorough literature search was conducted and the current mining practice at nine coal stripping operations reviewed in detail. A review of the state of the art of blast design using current theory and practice is presented. Based upon this information, a series of recommendations are presented and a detailed test program is outlined for three operations. The recommendations to increase dragline productivity by improved blast design are directed at filling the bucket more quickly, with greater consistency and with a better fill factor: (a) overburden fragmentation, (b) muckpile displacements, and (c) blasting reliability. Recommended blast design concepts and operating procedures to provide the desired blast performance include: (1) Increase energy input per BCY by 40 to 100 percent and improve the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Maybell uranium mill tailings site is 25 miles (mi) (40 kilometers [km]) west of the town of Craig, Colorado, in Moffat County, in the northwestern part of the state. The unincorporated town of Maybell is 5 road mi (8 km) southwest of the site. The designated site covers approximately 110 acres (ac) (45 hectares [ha]) and consists of a concave-shaped tailings pile and rubble from the demolition of the mill buildings buried in the former mill area. Contaminated materials at the Maybell processing site include the tailings pile, which has an average depth of 20 feet (ft) (6 meters [m]) and contains 2.8 million cubic yards (yd{sup 3}) (2.1 million cubic meters [m{sup 3}]) of tailings. The former mill processing area is on the north side of the site and contains 20,000 yd{sup 3} (15,000 m{sup 3}) of contaminated demolition debris. Off-pile contamination is present and includes areas adjacent to the tailings pile, as well as contamination dispersed by wind and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This document deals with the couplings between the W boson and Z and gamma particles. WWZ and WW{gamma} vertex are predicted by the electroweak theory based on the symmetry group SU(2){sub L}*U(1){sub Y}, their existence is confirmed by the measurement of the production cross-section of W pairs at LEP. The effective values of the couplings are modified by the introduction of standard model particle loops at the vertex level, the impact on the coupling value is assessed to reach 10{sup -3}. These loops can also include beyond-the-standard-model particles, their impact is in the magnitude order of 10{sup -3} for most models. The fully description of these loops requires the values of 14 complex parameters whose measurement will give information about the existence of new particles. Nevertheless the number of events at LEP is not sufficient to measure all the parameters simultaneously. As a consequence the analysis is limited to the 3 most promising parameters: g{sub 1}{sup Z}, ...

Science.gov (United States)

This report covers the first year of operation of a fuel cell power plant, installed by PPL Spectrum, Inc. (PPL) under contract with the United States Coast Guard (USCG), Research and Development Center (RDC). The fuel cell was installed at Air Station Cape Cod in Bourne, MA. The project had the support of the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC), the Department of Energy (DOE), and Keyspan Energy. PPL selected FuelCell Energy, Inc. (FCE) and its fuel cell model DFC{reg_sign}300 for the contract. Grant contributions were finalized and a contract between PPL and the USCG for the manufacture, installation, and first year's maintenance of the fuel cell was executed on September 24, 2001. As the prime contractor, PPL was responsible for all facets of the project. All the work was completed by PPL through various subcontracts, including the primary subcontract with FCE for the manufacture, delivery, and installation of the fuel ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents the results of the Spatial Signature Analysis (SSA) Electrical-test (e-test) validation study that was conducted between February and June, 1998. SSA is an automated procedure developed by researchers at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to address the issue of intelligent data reduction while providing feedback on current manufacturing processes. SSA was initially developed to automate the analysis of optical defect data. Optical defects can form groups, or clusters, which may have a distinct shape. These patterns can reveal information about the manufacturing process. Optical defect SSA uses image processing algorithms and a classifier system to interpret and identify these patterns, or signatures. SSA has been extended to analyze and interpret electrical test data. The algorithms used for optical defect SSA have been adapted and applied to e-test binmaps. An image of the binmap is created, and features such as geometric and invariant moments are extracted and ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant tumor and the fourth-leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The crucial role of fatty acids for a number of important biological processes suggests a more in depth analysis of inter-individual differences in fatty acid metabolizing genes as contributing factor to colon carcinogenesis. We examined the association between genetic variability in 43 fatty acid metabolism-related genes and colorectal risk in 1225 CRC cases and 2032 controls participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. 392 single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected using pairwise tagging with an r(2) cutoff of 0.8 and a minor allele frequency of >5%. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Haplotype analysis was performed using a generalized linear model framework. On the genotype level, HPGD, PLA2G6, and TRPV3 were ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In November 1995, the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC, the Council of State and National Environment Ministers) adopted a National Management Plan for PCBs. This was a significant milestone in the very long saga of Australian efforts to develop public policy and management structures for dealing with persistent organochlorine wastes. The author was part of a four-person consultation panel that carried out a public involvement program to assist and inform the process of developing the National Management Plan. The program involved, among other things, visiting every state and territory of Australia at least twice. This paper describes the development and delivery of the public involvement program, including ongoing interactions with Governments. The latter is often a complex (and many would say an unduly complex) matter in the federal system, where primary responsibility for waste management resides in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The physics and technology of this new Cerenkov detector are discussed, including materials studies, construction techniques, and resolution measurements. Sources of resolution error are individually identified and measured where possible. The results of all studied indicate that the measurement resolution is understood. This work has led to the adoption of a large scale ring imaging detector as part of a new high energy physics spectrometer, the SLD, at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Results from an amplitude analysis of strange meson final states in K/sup /minus//p ..-->.. /ovr K/sub 0//..pi../sup /minus//p interactions are presented. The data derive from a 4 event/nb exposure of the LASS (large Aperture Superconducting Solenoid) spectrometer to an 11 GeV/c K/sup /minus// beam. The data sample consists of /approximately/100,000 vents distributed over the Dalitz plot of the channel. The process is observed to be dominated by the ...

Wastenet

Waste Technology and Innovation Study Final Report ...Waste Technology and Innovation Study Final Report 21/18569/150554 ...Survey of waste and resource recovery related technology and innovation, including products and product uses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The rates of spontaneous interbilayer and transbilayer exchange of ["3H]dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (["3H]DMPC) were examined in the DMPC and DMPC/dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) large unilamellar vesicles in the liquid-crystalline-, gel-, and mixed-phase states. DMPC desorption rates from either gel or liquid-crystalline phases containing DMPE are very similar to the corresponding rates from pure DMPC gel or liquid-crystalline phases. The authors proposed that the DMPC/DSPC behavior results from packing defects in gel phases composed of both DMPC and DSPC molecules because of the four-carbon difference in the acyl chain lengths of the two species. The present results strongly support this hypothesis because no such anomalous behavior is observed in DMPC/DMPE, which is similar to DMPC/DSPC in phase behavior but does not have the chain length difference. These results are not consistent with lipid headgroup dehydration as the major energetic barrier to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The sulfur-iodine water-splitting cycle is characterized by the following three reactions: 2H/sub 2/O + SO/sub 2/ + I/sub 2/ ..-->.. H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ + 2HI; H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ ..-->.. H/sub 2/O + SO/sub 2/ + 1/2 O/sub 2/; and 2HI ..-->.. H/sub 2/ + I/sub 2/. This cycle was developed at General Atomic after several critical features in the above reactions were discovered. These involved phase separations, catalytic reactions, etc. Estimates of the energy efficiency of this economically reasonable advanced state-of-the-art processing unit produced sufficiently high values (to approx.47%) to warrant cycle development effort. The DOE contract was largely directed toward the engineering development of this cycle, including a small demonstration unit (CLCD), a bench-scale unit, engineering design, and costing. The work has resulted in a design that is projected to produce H/sub 2/ at prices not yet generally competitive with fossil-fuel-produced H/sub 2/ but are ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effect is reported of seven inorganic oxide additives on both the formation mechanism and the densification of X-Sialon prepared by a silicothermal process. The oxides were added to the starting mixture of halloysite clay, alumina and elemental silicon at a level of 1 wt% of the calculated final product, and fired in nitrogen at 1200-1500 deg C. The formation of X-Sialon was monitored by thermal analysis, powder XRD and 2"7"Al and "2"9Si solid state MAS NMR The effects of the additives are temperature dependent and influence the various stages of the reaction by differing degrees. The oxides which best promote the formation of crystalline X-Sialon (Y_2O_3, CaO and MgO) are also those which facilitate the conversion of initially-formed Si_3N_4 to SiO_2N_2 and SiO_3N units. Densification is most enhanced by Y_2O_3 CaO and CeO_2; MgO exerts its maximum effect on sintering at lower temperatures. Copyright (1998) Australasian Ceramic Society

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study evaluates the degree to which surface impoundments at licensed facilities comply with significant changes in NRC requirements initiated by enactment of EPA's final environmental standards for uranium recovery facilities (40 CFR Part 192). Impoundment liner requirements, ground-water protection standards, ground-water monitoring and corrective action programs, and site closure standards are the most significant regulatory modifications. The compliance status of 30 conventional mills and 31 in-situ mines is determined from a review of Nuclear Regulatory Commission and agreement state docket files through November, 1983. Results of this review show that a majority of conventional uranium mill tailings management systems are deficient with respect to liner requirements for new impoundments or proposed expansions to existing impoundments, as well as with respect to some aspects of ground-water monitoring and compliance programs. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Coordinated Research Project (CRP) was initiated in 2002 by IAEA to enable Member States in developing methodologies for reducing radio-toxic discharge to the environment from nuclear fuel cycle activities and in paving the way for sustainability of nuclear energy. In the past three Research Coordination Meetings (RCM), the following areas of research were examined upon: (1)Basic studies to compare dry partitioning process with aqueous partitioning process; (2)Defining proliferation resistance attributes of partitioning processes; (3) Advanced characterization methods for actinides for measuring the possible material holdup;( 4)Minimization of actinides losses in the waste fraction from the partitioning process;(5)Establishment of separation criteria of partitioning process to minimize environmental impact; and (6)Defining environmental impact associated with partitioning processes. The final TECDOC is currently being prepared to summarize the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Supersymmetry, extension of the Standard Model of Particle Physics (SM), is searched for by trying to observe the supersymmetric partner of bottom quark ({tilde b}). This search is performed using events with a final state comprising two acoplanar b-quark jets and missing transverse energy (MET) and coming from a sample of 992 pb{sup -1} of data collected by the D0 detector at the Tevatron, the Fermilab p{bar p} collider. The absence of an excess of events in comparison to MS expectations leads to exclude sb masses up to 201 GeV, neutralino masses up to 94 GeV. The MET has been studied under two points of view, because of its fundamental role in this search. First, at the level of the trigger system which allows the online selection candidate events, and then, within the framework of the ALPGEN generator, the simulation of the Z boson transverse momentum which appears as MET when the Z boson decays into neutrino.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Use of gas-fired combined-cycle technology (GFCC) in the electric-utility sector could play an important role in a least-cost planning strategy and thereby provide significant benefits to the utilities and their customers. Potential benefits include reduced capital and operating costs, more-effective matching of load growth and capacity additions, greater system reliability, and reduced environmental emissions. GFCC technology was examined in eight utility systems in six geographic regions to estimate the potential benefits of its use. In all systems, GFCC technology was shown to have the potential to reduce the cumulative capital costs for adding new capacity. The overall conclusion of the study is that GFCC technology offers the potential for significant savings in many regions of the United States and that these benefits would appear over a wide range of economic conditions. The study provides insight into the important technological and economic factors ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hard surface finishing represents the final manufacturing step for functional areas of machine elements in state-of-the-art production. Raceways of rolling bearing rings are ground and honed to the required low roughness. Plastic deformation is restricted to a narrow edge zone of the hardened steel. Reheating of the machined components below the martensite tempering or bainite transformation temperature results in a marked decrease of the XRD line width on the surface. The investigated samples are made of through-hardened standard bearing steel 100Cr6 (international denotation: SAE 52100). On the basis of a material model that explains the effect as a complex diffusion process of dislocational carbon segregation, i.e. static strain aging, the measured kinetics of the XRD line width reduction is simulated by an Arrhenius-type equation, which describes the rate-controlling reaction step of temper carbide dissolution. The formation of a small ...

CERN Document Server

We propose to study the open charm effects in $e^+ e^-\\to J/\\psi\\eta$, $J/\\psi\\pi^0$ and $\\phi\\eta_c$. We show that the exclusive cross section lineshapes of these processes would be strongly affected by the open charm effects. Since the final state light meson productions are through soft gluon radiations, we assume a recognition of this soft process via charmed meson loops at hadronic level. A unique feature among these three reactions is that the $D\\bar{D^*}+c.c.$ open channel is located in a relatively isolated energy, i.e. $\\sim 3.876$ GeV, which is sufficiently far away from the known charmonia $\\psi(3770)$ and $\\psi(4040)$. Therefore, the cross section lineshapes of these reactions may provide an opportunity for singling out the open charm effects with relatively well-defined charmonium contributions. In particular, we find that reaction $e^+ e^-\\to J/\\psi\\pi^0$ is sensitive to the open charm $D\\bar{D^*}+c.c.$ Due to the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The admissibility of nuclear forensics measurements and opinions derived from them in US Federal and State courts are based on criteria established by the US Supreme Court in the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow and the 2000 Amendment of Rule 702 of the Federal Rules of Evidence. These criteria are being addressed by new efforts that include the development of certified reference materials (CRMs) to provide the basis for analytical method development, optimization, calibration, validation, quality control, testing, readiness, and declaration of measurement uncertainties. Quality data is crucial for all stages of the program, from R and D, and database development, to actual casework. Weakness at any point in the program can propagate to reduce the confidence of final conclusions. The new certified reference materials will provide the necessary means to demonstrate a high level of metrological rigor for nuclear forensics evidence and will form a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The report gives results of a project conducted to create a file containing comprehensive data on all electric utilities in the US. The National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program's (NAPAP's) emissions inventory activities focus on the estimation of emissions from pollutants that contribute to acid deposition. Electric utilities, which emit a large share of total acid deposition precursor emissions, are important for modeling analyses. Data reported by states to the National Emissions Data System (NEDS) for the 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory and data reported to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) on EIA Form 759, EIA Form 767, FERC Form 423, and the Integrated Data Base System (IDBS) were matched and combined. The resulting 1985 National Utility Reference File (NURF) contains detailed unit level data for nearly 10,000 electricity generating plants.

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english Cell death is preceded by severe disruption of inorganic ion homeostasis. Seconds to minutes after an injury, calcium, protons, sodium, potassium and chloride are exchanged between the cell and its environment. Simultaneously, ions are shifted between membrane compartments inside the cell, whereby mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum play a crucial role. Depending of the type and severity of injury, two mutually exclusive metastable states can be reached, which predict (more) the final outcome. Cells characterized by large increases in cytosolic [Ca2+], [Na+]; and [Mg2+] swell and die by necrosis; alternatively, cells characterized by high [H+]and low [K+], with normal [Na+] and normal to moderate [Ca2+] increases die by apoptosis. The levels of these ions represent central determinants in signaling events leading to cell death. Their movements are explained mechanistically by specific modulation of membrane transport ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors developed an analytical model (intersection model) to estimate the exposure of sea otters (Enhydra lutris), to oil from the Exxon Valdez oil spill. The authors applied estimated and assumed exposure dependent mortality rates to the Kenai Peninsula sea otter population to provide examples of the application of the model in estimating sea otter mortality. The intersection model requires three distinct types of data: (1) distribution, abundance, and movements of oil, (2) abundance and distribution of sea otters, and (3) sea otter mortality rates relative to oil exposure. Initial output of the model is an estimate of exposure of otters to oil. Exposure is measured in amount and duration of oil near an otter`s observed location (intersections). The authors provide two examples of the model using different assumptions about the relation between exposure and mortality. Because of an apparent non-linear relation between the degree of oiling and survival of otters from ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The nuclear industry has a recognized need for intelligent, multitask robots to carry out tasks in harsh environments. From 1986 to the present, the number of robotic systems available or under development for use in the nuclear industry has more than doubled. Presently, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a relatively small role in existing robots used in the nuclear industry. Indeed, the lack of intelligence has been labeled the ''Achilles heel'' of all current robotic technology. However, larger-scale efforts are underway to make the multitask robot more sensitive to its environment, more capable to move and perform useful work, and more fully autonomous via the use of AI. In this paper, we review the terminology, the history, and the factors which are motivating the development of robotics and remove systems; discuss the applications related to the nuclear industry; and, finally, examine the state of the art of the technologies being applied ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An updated review of the state of the art in the development of GaAs solar cells is provided, with emphasis on AlGaAs-GaAs cells suitable for space applications. A set of theoretically derived characteristics is given for this type of solar cell. Comparison of measured performance with theory shows excellent agreement. Data on the effects of radiation damage (high-energy electrons, protons, and neutrons) is also integrated into a form useful for evaluation purposes. Techniques for fabricating (AlGa)As-GaAs solar cells in quantities large enough for practical applications are discussed and are shown to have been demonstrated. The possibility of extending these techniques to the fabrication of very thin low-weight cells for space applications is also considered. Finally, the results obtained to date in the development of GaAs solar cells for applications requiring concentrated sunlight are reviewed, for terrestrial as well as for space ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report documents the results of a six month test program of an Alternative Configuration (ACONF) power management system design for a typical United States Coast Guard (USCG) National Distress System (NDS) site. The USCG/USDOE funded work was performed at Sandia National Laboratories to evaluate the effect of a Sandia developed battery management technology known as ACONF on the performance of energy storage systems at NDS sites. This report demonstrates the savings of propane gas, and the improvement of battery performance when utilizing the new ACONF designs. The fuel savings and battery performance improvements resulting from ACONF use would be applicable to all current NDS sites in the field. The inherent savings realized when using the ACONF battery management design was found to be significant when compared to battery replacement and propane refueling at the remote NDS sites.

Science.gov (United States)

We have measured the transverse asymmetry A{sub T{sup '}} in the quasielastic {sup 3}He-vector(e-vector,e{sup '}) process with high precision at Q{sup 2} values from 0.1 to 0.6 (GeV/c){sup 2}. The neutron magnetic form factor G{sub M}{sup n} was extracted at Q{sup 2} values of 0.1 and 0.2 (GeV/c){sup 2} using a nonrelativistic Faddeev calculation which includes both final-state interactions (FSI) and meson-exchange currents (MEC). Theoretical uncertainties due to the FSI and MEC effects were constrained with a precision measurement of the spin-dependent asymmetry in the threshold region of {sup 3}He-vector(e-vector,e{sup '}). We also extracted the neutron magnetic form factor G{sub M}{sup n} at Q{sup 2} values of 0.3 to 0.6 (GeV/c){sup 2} based on plane wave impulse approximation calculations.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

When quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) is applied to the nuclear reactions in theory of relativity region, a number of problems arise, and in order to solve them, the prescription of the extension of ordinary nonrelativistic QMD is introduced, and the analysis of proton incidence reaction by using it is shown. By introducing the interaction corresponding to Lorentz transformation, the problems were solved. QMD is the semiclassical simulation that treats the motion of nucleons represented by Gauss wave packet. The motion of wave packet center is expressed by Newton equations and two-nucleon collision. The introduction of the interaction corresponding to Lorentz transformation is explained. As the result of the introduction, through the relative distance of two particles, the interaction becomes to depend on momentum. The phase distribution function of one body corresponding to Lorentz transformation is used for calculating the final state Pauli ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents the preliminary findings from the first phase of the Environmental Survey of the United States Department of Energy's (DOE) Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), conducted March 29, 1987 through April 17, 1987. The Survey is being conducted by an interdisciplinary team of environmental specialists, led and managed by the Office of Environment, Safety and Health's Office of Environmental Audit. Individual team components are outside experts being supplied by a private contractor. The objective of the Survey is to identify environmental problems and areas of environmental risk associated with the LANL. The Survey covers all environmental media and all areas of environmental regulation. It is being performed in accordance with the DOE Environmental Survey Manual. The on-site phase of the Survey involves the review of existing site environmental data, observations of the operations carried on at the LANL, and interviews with site ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Semiconducting properties of passive films formed on AISI 304 stainless steel grade were investigated by capacitances measurements in chloride containing aqueous solutions for different surface finishes: BA (bright annealing in hydrogen containing atmospheres) and 2B (standard annealing in oxidising atmospheres followed by pickling in acid, then water rinsing). Mott-Schottky analysis shows that for high enough electrode potential, and whatever the surface finish, the films behave like n-type semiconductors. 2B passive film appears to be more donor-doped than BA one and the density of donor states increases with chloride concentration. The electron donor levels are assumed to be generated by negatively charged cations vacancies produced by the chloride ions reaction with the outer passive film. This reaction looks easier for 2B than BA condition, which explains why BA resists better than 2B to pit nucleation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An Allis-Chalmers, Model 2900, turbocharged diesel engine was converted to a dual-fuel engine in which ethyl alcohol was fumigated between the turbocharger and the intake manifold, and the diesel fuel was injected normally at a reduced rate. Tests were performed to determine if crankcase oil dilution that had occurred was caused by the following independent parameters: proof of the ethyl alcohol, crankcase oil temperature, engine load at maximum torque speed, and percentage of total energy in the form of ethyl alcohol. Engine tests were steady state for six hours, after which the crankcase oil was sampled for American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) laboratory tests for determination of flash points and fire points, water by centrifuge, water by distillation, and viscosity at room temperature. Results indicate a decrease in thermal efficiency and an increase in exhaust carbon monoxide as the percentage of total energy as alcohol is increased. Additional ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The personal neutron dosimetry becomes more important with the increasing use of nuclear and accelerator facilities. The solid state track detector, film badge and thermo-luminescent dosimeter have widely been used as passive-type personal neutron dosimeters, but the real-time neutron dosimeter is strongly needed. A real time personal dosimeter which could give neutron dose equivalent over wide energy range from thermal to 10 odd MeV by using two neutron sensors has been developed by our group. For practical commercial product, some changes from these prototype sensors have recently been done by Fuji Electric Co. Ltd. The purpose of this work is the final performance test of the dosimeter just before sale. We checked again about the sensitivity in the monoenergetic neutron field from 8 keV to 15 MeV and in the neutron fields around a few accelerator facilities. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The convection heat loss from cavity receiver in parabolic dish solar thermal power system can significantly reduce the efficiency and consequently the cost effectiveness of the system. It is important to assess this heat loss and subsequently improve the thermal performance of the receiver. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review and systematic summarization of the state of the art in the research and progress in this area. The efforts include the convection heat loss mechanism, experimental and numerical investigations on the cavity receivers with varied shapes that have been considered up to date, and the Nusselt number correlations developed for convection heat loss prediction as well as the wind effect. One of the most important features of this paper is that it has covered numerous cavity literatures encountered in various other engineering systems, such as those in electronic cooling devices and buildings. The studies related to those applications ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The study of B#->##tau#"+#tau#"-(X) decays can provide us with a better understanding of the third generation, and can be a useful probe of physics beyond the standard model. We present a model-independent analysis of these decays. We classify new physics that can largely enhance the decay rates and we discuss the constraints implied by other processes. Experimentally, flavor-changing neutral current B decays into final state #tau# close-quote s are still unconstrained. Searches for B decays with large missing energy at CERN LEP provide the first limits. We estimate that existing data already imply bounds on the B_d#->##tau#"+#tau#"-, B_s#->##tau#"+#tau#"-, and B#->#X#tau#"+#tau#"- decay rates at the few percent level. Although these bounds are over four orders of magnitude above the standard model predictions, they provide the first constraints on some leptoquarks, and on some R-parity-violating couplings. copyright 1997 The ...

Science.gov (United States)

The purpose of the study was to investigate the adequacy of educational services available for the implementation of the ideals of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) in Southern Nigeria. Using the multistage sampling technique, 800 primary school teachers were selected from the three geo political zones in Southern Nigeria as participants in the study. However, 1457 usable copies of the questionnaire administered to participants were used for the final study. The researchers collected and analyzed data to (1) Ascertain how free the UBE was in Southern Nigeria and (2) to determine if educational services were adequately provided for the implementation of the programme. Results of data analysis suggest that the UBE was not entirely free as parents still buy books and report cards for their children in primary schools. Also, educational services were not adequately provided in the schools. Recommendations were made to government on how to improve the situation so as ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A future e"-e"+ (electron-positron) linear collider can be configured with perhaps minimal modification to serve as an #gamma#-#gamma# (gamma-gamma) or a e"--#gamma# collider. This is accomplished by Compton-backscattering low energy photons (from a laser source) off of the high-energy electron beams prior to the crossing of the electron beams. However, to be competitive with the e"-e"+ configuration, the luminosity cannot be compromised in the process. This requires that the laser source deliver a sufficient number of photons per pulse with a pulse format and rate matching that of the electron beams. As it turns out, this requires an average optical power of 5 to 15 kW from the laser which is beyond the current state of the art. In this paper, the authors address how to generate the required pulse format and how the high average power requirement can be met with conventional laser technology. They also address concerns about the survivability of mirrors located ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A future e{sup {minus}}e{sup +} (electron-positron) linear collider can be configured with perhaps minimal modification to serve as an {gamma}-{gamma} (gamma-gamma) or a e{sup {minus}}-{gamma} collider. This is accomplished by Compton-backscattering low energy photons (from a laser source) off of the high-energy electron beams prior to the crossing of the electron beams. However, to be competitive with the e{sup {minus}}e{sup +} configuration, the luminosity cannot be compromised in the process. This requires that the laser source deliver a sufficient number of photons per pulse with a pulse format and rate matching that of the electron beams. As it turns out, this requires an average optical power of 5 to 15 kW from the laser which is beyond the current state of the art. In this paper, the authors address how to generate the required pulse format and how the high average power requirement can be met with conventional laser technology. They also address concerns ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The ability to test advanced fuels and cladding materials under reactor operating conditions in the United States is limited. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and the newly expanded post-irradiation examination (PIE) capability at the ORNL Irradiated Fuels Examination Laboratory provide unique support for this type of advanced fuel/cladding development effort. The wide breadth of ORNL's fuels and materials research divisions provides all the necessary fuel development capabilities in one location. At ORNL, facilities are available from test fuel fabrication, to irradiation in HFIR under either thermal or fast reactor conditions, to a complete suite of PIEs, and to final product disposal. There are very few locations in the world where this full range of capabilities exists. New testing capabilities at HFIR have been developed that allow testing of advanced nuclear fuels and cladding materials ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report is a review of waste form options for the immobilization of high-level-liquid wastes from the nuclear fuel cycle. This review covers the status of international research and development on waste forms as of May 1979. Although the emphasis in this report is on waste form properties, process parameters are discussed where they may affect final waste form properties. A summary table is provided listing properties of various nuclear waste form options. It is concluded that proposed waste forms have properties falling within a relatively narrow range. In regard to crystalline versus glass waste forms, the conclusion is that either glass of crystalline materials can be shown to have some advantage when a single property is considered; however, at this date no single waste form offers optimum properties over the entire range of characteristics investigated. A long-term effort has been applied to the development of glass and calcine waste forms. Several ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have constructed a Monte Carlo generator (the corresponding FORTRAN code can be obtained from the authors upon request) for lowest-order predictions for the processes {gamma}{gamma}{yields}4f and {gamma}{gamma}{yields}4f{gamma} in the standard model and extensions thereof by an effective {gamma}{gamma}H coupling as well as anomalous triple and quartic gauge-boson couplings. Polarization is fully supported, and a realistic photon beam spectrum can be taken into account. For the processes {gamma}{gamma}{yields}4f all helicity amplitudes are explicitly given in a compact form. The presented numerical results contain, in particular, a survey of cross sections for representative final states and their comparison to results obtained with the program package Whizard/Madgraph. The impact of a realistic beam spectrum on cross sections and distributions is illustrated. Moreover, the size of various contributions to cross sections, such as from weak ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mechanisms and associated energetics for adatom diffusion on the (100) and (110) surfaces of Ni, Cu, Rh, Pd, and Ag are investigated. Self-diffusion was studied on (100) and (I 10) surfaces of Ni, Cu, Pd and Ag using corrected effective medium method (CEM) and approximation to CEM used for molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo studies (MD/MC-CEM). Self-diffusion on Pd(100), Ag(100), Ni(110), Cu(110), Pd(110), and Ag(110) is accomplished by classical diffusion: the adatom hops from its equilibrium adsorption site over an intervening bridge site to an adjacent equilibrium site. Self-diffusion on Ni(100) and Cu(100) proceeds by atomic-exchange diffusion: the adatom on the surface displaces an atom in the first surface layer. Aside from explicit inclusion of the kinetic-exchange-correlation energy, it is critical to include enough movable atoms in the calculation to insure correct energetics. Distortions induced by these diffusion mechanisms, especially atomic exchange, are long ranged in ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Development and deployment of small-scale nuclear power reactors and their maintenance, monitoring, and control are part of the mission under the Small Modular Reactor (SMR) program. The objectives of this NERI-consortium research project are to investigate, develop, and validate advanced methods for sensing, controlling, monitoring, diagnosis, and prognosis of these reactors, and to demonstrate the methods with application to one of the proposed integral pressurized water reactors (IPWR). For this project, the IPWR design by Westinghouse, the International Reactor Secure and Innovative (IRIS), has been used to demonstrate the techniques developed under this project. The research focuses on three topical areas with the following objectives. Objective 1 - Develop and apply simulation capabilities and sensitivity/uncertainty analysis methods to address sensor deployment analysis and small grid stability issues. Objective 2 - Develop and test an autonomous and fault-tolerant control ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Based upon the existing regulatory cleanup criteria, remediation of this wetlands was proposed by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy (NJDEPE). This remedial process would have totally destroyed a thriving Old Field Wetlands. Site-Specific evaluation of the chemicals of potential concern (CPC), remaining source areas, potential environmental fate and transport (EF and T), toxicology (including oral absorption and bioaccumulation) and potential land use scenarios were conducted. It was determined that although the analytical chemistry data reported soil concentrations of arsenic, the compound used by the facility and discharged to the wetlands sediments was in fact gallium arsenide. Secondly, all remaining source areas and hot spots had previously been remediated. Vertical migration to soils had not progressed past a depth of 3 feet and groundwater/surface water did not contain significantly elevated concentrations of gallium arsenide. In comparison to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes the modeling of horizontal steam generator with the TRACE code and calculation results of a loss-of-feedwater (LOF-10) experiment at the PACTEL facility. Parallel Channel Test Loop (PACTEL) is an integral test facility for a VVER-440 type nuclear reactor. The main objectives were to prepare a simulation model for its horizontal steam generator with the TRACE thermal hydraulic code and assess different modeling options of the code. PACTEL experiment LOF-10 was chosen for this assessment. The calculation results showed that TRACE is capable in simulating horizontal steam generator behavior both in steady state and during loss-of-feedwater transient. The phenomenon of heat transfer from primary to secondary side, steam superheating and flow reversal in the lowest heat exchange tubes were studied in detail. Different nodalization options were introduced. In the simulation of PACTEL loss-of-feedwater experiment LOF-10, the main parameters of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

ORNL has conducted a Nuclear Power Options Viability Study for the Department of Energy. That study is primarily concerned with new technology which could be developed for initial operation in the 2000 to 2010 time frame. Such technology would have to compete not only with coal options but with incrementally improved commercial light-water-reactors. This survey reported here was undertaken to gain an understanding of the nuclear commercial technology likely to be offered in the late 1980s and perhaps beyond. The three US vendors actively marketing NSSSs are each developing a product for the future which they expect to be more reliable, more maintainable, more economical, and safer than the present plants. These are all essentially 3800-MW(t) designs, although all are studying smaller plants. They apparently will be off offered as standard prelicensed designs with much larger scope than earlier NSSS offerings, with the possibility of firm prices. Westinghouse with Mitsubishi Heavy ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

After more than nine years of negotiations, the US and the Soviet Union signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) in Moscow on July 31, 1991. While the world has changed dramatically since 1982 when the START negotiations began, the treaty remains very much in the US interest. START exacts deep cuts in the most destabilizing and dangerous US and Soviet strategic weapons, and will lead to substantial overall reductions in the strategic nuclear forces of both sides. Moreover, the agreement will create a formal, structured, and predictable strategic environment. It will also impose on the Soviet Union or its successors a legally binding set of obligations that will be in effect for many years, regardless of changes in leadership or form of government. START, with its extensive series of intrusive, cooperative, and technical verification measures, will greatly enhance US knowledge about Soviet strategic nuclear forces and activities. The force reductions, predictability, and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper author deals with the regulation of electricity prices in the Slovak Republic. Author contests the social policy of the government through doped prices of electricity. Two thirds of electricity is generated in nuclear power plants in Slovakia. Hence, it is necessary to focus on the solution of problem of nuclear waste. In 2004 Ministry of Economy stated, that the deficit in nuclear fund, from which the country have to fully cover the costs of liquidation and final disposal of nuclear waste, is estimated in the amount of around 89 billion Slovak crowns (? 3.7 billion $). From it, so called historical deficit, which originated because of late foundation of fund, represents officially 15 billion Slovak crowns (? 0.62 billion $). In Slovakia exists the real risk, that by maintenance of present state by creation and draw of the fund, it will be possible to ensure only 39 per cent of financial sources necessary for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report describes progress made during the extended final year (April 1, 1992 to December 31, 1993) and summarizes the accomplishments of the entire three-year period (April 1, 1990 through December 31, 1993) of the current US Department of Energy grant DE-FG06-87ER40345. This work is carried out primarily at the UNISOR (University Isotope Separator at Oak Ridge) facility of the Holifield Heavy-Ion Research Facility of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The primary mission of this work is the study of the structure and properties of nuclei far from stability through on-line nuclear orientation using the UNISOR Nuclear Orientation Facility, a helium dilution refrigerator coupled on-line to the UNISOR mass separator. The author`s group was one of the original proposers of this facility and played a central role in its design, construction, and development. The structure of nuclei far from stability is in general poorly known. Knowledge from heavy-ion reactions is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report the results of a theoretical study of the electronic and structural properties of the hexagonal beryllium nitride, using first principle pseudopotential plane wave (PP-PW) as well as full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) methods within density functional theory. In the case of PP-PW we generated the pseudopotential by the highly optimized Q_c-tuning method and used the local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation potential. We applied pressure on the unit cell by the Wentzcovitch and traditional methods. In the FP-LAPW approach only the GGA was used for the exchange-correlation potential. Our calculated values for structural properties, based on both approaches are in reasonable agreement with experimental and other theoretical (Hartree Fock) results. By applying the above two approaches and also the Tight Binding Linear Muffin Thin Orbital method, the ground state Kohn-Sham ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present results of an investigation to study CP violation in the Higgs sector in tt-bar production at a #gamma##gamma#-collider, via the process #gamma##gamma# #-># #phi# #-># tt-bar where the #phi# is a scalar with indeterminate CP parity. The study is performed in a model independent way parametrising the CP violating couplings in terms of six form factors #left brace#R(S_#gamma#), T(S_#gamma#), R(P_#gamma#), T(P_#gamma#), S_t, P_t#right brace#. The CP violation is reflected in the polarisation asymmetry of the produced top quark. We use the angular distribution of the decay lepton from t/t-bar as a diagnostic of this polarisation asymmetry and hence of the CP mixing, after showing that the asymmetries in the angular distribution are independent of any CP violation in the tbW vertex. We construct combined asymmetries in the initial state lepton (photon) polarization and the final state lepton charge and study how ...

CERN Document Server

Solid-state communications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Classical semiconductor physics has been continuously improving electronic components such as diodes, light-emitting diodes, solar cells and transistors based on highly purified inorganic crystals over the past decades. Organic semiconductors, notably polymeric, are a comparatively young field of research, the first light-emitting diode based on conjugated polymers having been demonstrated in 1990. Polymeric semiconductors are of tremendous interest for high-volume, low-cost manufacturing (''printed electronics''). Due to their rather simple device structure mostly comprising only one or two functional layers, polymeric diodes are much more difficult to optimize compared to small-molecular organic devices. Usually, functions such as charge injection and transport are handled by the same material which thus needs to be highly optimized. The present work contributes to expanding the knowledge on the physical mechanisms determining device performance by ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As a condition of accession into the European Union (EU), Lithuania is committed to the closure and decommissioning of Ignalina NPP comprising two RBMK-1500 reactor units (Fig. 1). It was agreed in a special protocol to the Accession Treaty that, in return for adequate EU financial assistance, Unit 1 would be closed before 2005 and Unit 2 by the end of 2009. The first unit was duly shut down on December 31, 2004. Lithuania, which has borders with Russia (Kaliningrad territory), Poland, Latvia and Belarus, spent fifty years as part of the Soviet Union and was deeply integrated into its economy and electrical infrastructure. At the break-up of the USSR, Lithuania inherited electricity generating capacity designed to supply the north-west region including ownership of Ignalina NPP located in the north-east of the country. Ignalina NPP Unit 1 was commissioned in 1983, Unit 2 in 1987; the planned lifespan of each unit was 30 years. Construction of a third unit was started but never ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

ExternE is a pan{sub E}uropean project aimed at identifying and quantifying external effects from different energy production technologies around Europe. The Swedish implementation carried out case studies on a biomass plant, a coal plant and a hydro power plant. The conventional approach within the ExternE project is to estimate impacts for each priority pathway associated with the fuel cycle, and then economic methods to obtain estimates for the economic damage of each particular impact pathway. However, in the case of hydro power, it is generally not possible to estimate the most important impacts quantitatively. Therefore, a contingent valuation (CV) study was initiated. In a typical CV-study, a selection of individuals are asked to state their willingness to pay for a certain environmental improvement or to avoid an environmental damage. Welfare economic theory suggests that the well-being effects on people from a change from one situation to another can be ...

Science.gov (United States)

This volume is a summary of the results of the final report of the Energy Engineering Analysis Program (EEAP) Study of 30 selected dining facilities at Fort Campbell, Kentucky.

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADB323076. Title : The Detailing Process Information Technology and NEC Utilization. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ...

Science.gov (United States)

with full-scale component test data, a final requirement for completing general materials selection criteria. It also should be pointed out that, ...

Science.gov (United States)

No abstract available.

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADA021166. Title : Development of a Colony of Germfree Hamsters as a Biomedical Resource. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have performed self-consistent (SC) band structure calculations for the A15 compounds V_3X and Nb_3X, X = Al, Ga, Si, Ge, and Sn, using the augmented-plane-wave (APW) method. Relativistic effects (except the spin-orbit interaction) have been included in each SC cycle, along with corrections to the usual muffin-tin approximation. The latter apply the APW wave functions outside of the muffin-tin spheres to compute the interstitial charge densities and potentials. The resulting interstitial potential has full cubic symmetry (no spherical averaging), although a spherically averaged muffin-tin form is retained inside the spheres. The final SC potentials were used to generate energies and wave functions on a cubic mesh of 35 k points in 1/48th of the Brillouin zone. These results were interpolated onto a finer mesh of 969 k points using a symmetrized Fourier method; the densities of states (DOS), N (E), were determined using tetrahedral ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... de-excitation excited states gamma radiation inelastic scattering mev range

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADD419981. Title : Flue Gas Desulfurization and Its Alternatives: The State of the Art,. Corporate Author ...

CERN Document Server

We report the first experimental generation and characterization of a six-photon Dicke state and demonstrate its remarkable versatility by projecting out four- and five-photon Dicke states, in addition to four-photon GHZ- and W-states. These multipartite states are studied by developing experimentally favorable characterization tools. Furthermore, we show that Dicke states have interesting applications in multiparty quantum networking protocols such as open-destination teleportation, telecloning and quantum secret sharing.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper bundles 40 contributions by the IceCube collaboration that were submitted to the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference ICRC 2007. The articles cover studies on cosmic rays and atmospheric neutrinos, searches for non-localized, extraterrestrial {nu}{sub e}, {nu}{sub {mu}} and {nu}{sub {tau}} signals, scans for steady and intermittent neutrino point sources, searches for dark matter candidates, magnetic monopoles and other exotic particles, improvements in analysis techniques, as well as future detector extensions. The IceCube observatory will be finalized in 2011 to form a cubic-kilometer ice-Cherenkov detector at the location of the geographic South Pole. At the present state of construction, IceCube consists of 52 paired IceTop surface tanks and 22 IceCube strings with a total of 1426 Digital Optical Modules deployed at depths up to 2350 m. The observatory also integrates the 19 string AMANDA subdetector, that was completed in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The mass generation in the Standard Model of Particles Physics relies on a spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism. Its implementation is recalled, along with its constraints, both theoretical (Naturalness, Stability, Triviality, Unitarity) and experimental (limits of direct and indirect searches, prospects). Calculation techniques for observables evaluation in Perturbative Field Theory are described, particularly Helicity Amplitude method, which is given in details: fermions and vector bosons, massless and massive. Monte-Carlo integration, and structure functions approximations (which allows non-perturbative calculations) are also detailed. With these tools, a process giving to Physics beyond the Standard Model is studied: it leads to an experimental prediction for the LEP collision ring, taking the classical background into account. Technical aspects of a future photon linear collider are reviewed. The production of heavy vector bosons, either the classical Z for the hypothetical ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Maybell uranium mill tailings site is 25 miles (mi) (40 kilometers [km]) west of the town of Craig, Colorado, in Moffat County, in the northwestern part of the state. The unincorporated town of Maybell is 5 road mi (8 km) southwest of the site. The site is 2.5 mi (4 km) northeast of the Yampa River on relatively flat terrain broken by low, flat-topped mesas. U.S. Highway 40 runs east-west 2 mi (3.2 km) south of the site. The designated site covers approximately 110 acres (ac) (45 hectares [ha]) and consists of a concave-shaped tailings pile and rubble from the demolition of the mill buildings buried in the former mill area. The site is situated between Johnson Wash to the east and Rob Pit Mine to the west. Numerous reclaimed and unreclaimed mines are in the immediate vicinity. Aerial photographs (included at the end of this executive summary) show evidence of mining activity around the Maybell site. Contaminated materials at the Maybell processing site include ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This topical review provides an overview of quantum dot micropillars and their application in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) experiments. The development of quantum dot micropillars is motivated by the study of fundamental cQED effects in solid state and their exploitation in novel light sources. In general, light-matter interaction occurs when the dipole of an emitter couples to the ambient light field. The corresponding coupling strength is strongly enhanced in the framework of cQED when the emitter is located inside a low mode volume microcavity providing three-dimensional photon confinement on a length scale of the photon wavelength. In addition, coherent coupling between light and matter, which is essential for applications in quantum information processing, can be achieved when dissipative losses, predominantly due to photon leakage out of the cavity, are strongly reduced. In this paper, we will demonstrate that high-quality, low mode volume quantum ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Devonian oil shales of the Eastern United States are a significant domestic energy resource. The overall objective of the multi-year program, initiated in October 1987 by the US Department of Energy is to perform the research necessary to develop the Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Hydroretorting (PFH) process for producing oil from Eastern oil shales. The program also incorporates research on technologies in areas such as raw shale preparation, beneficiation, product separation, and waste disposal that have the potential of improving the economics and/or environmental acceptability of recovering oil from oil shales using the PFH process. The results of the original 3-year program, which was concluded in May 1991, have been summarized in a four-volume final report published by IGT. DOE subsequently approved a 1-year extension to the program to further develop the PFH process specifically for application to beneficiated shale as feedstock. Studies ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A generalized approach to the analysis of the effects of transmission line faults on natural gas transmission pipelines has been developed and is presented in this report. A state of the art user-friendly computational tool has been developed and verified for the analysis of interference between electrical power lines and nearby buried or above-ground pipelines. This computer program, ECCAPP, is distinguished by its ability to model and analyze accurately complex, realistic interactions between pipelines and power lines, using easily obtained input data. The final report consists of three volumes. An independent fourth volume was also developed to simplify the installation of the ECCAPP software. Volume 1 contains the theory upon which the ECCAPP computer program is based. A parametric analysis and graphical charts have been formulated using ECCAPP to permit estimates to be made in the field or during preliminary analyses for situations that ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Earlier research by Zel'manov and by Hoenl and Dehnen has shown how the geodesic equation for a charged test particle can be written as a Lorentz force law in which the four-velocity u"i of an observer in the physical three-space #gamma#_#alpha#_#beta# = -g_#alpha#_#beta# + g_0_#alpha# g_0_#beta# / g_0_0 is regarded as a gravitational vector potential. Analysing this analogy further, we write the four ("i_0) components of the Einstein equations in a form resembling a non-linear Maxwell system, which, for a stationary field, is most clearly understood from the Kaluza-Klein perspective, the projection being from four dimensions to three, rather than from five dimensions to four. For the vacuum theory defined by vanishing energy-momentum tensor, T_i_j = 0, these equations exhibit the structure of a non-linear sigma model, found by Ernst, and investigated by Gibbons and Hawking and by Sanchez, the scalar potentials of which we here relate to the gravito-electromagnetic fields. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful technique that can be used in a wide range of applications, such as the structural characterization of high molecular weight molecules, conformational studies on enzymes in solution, enzyme-substrate or DNA-protein interactions, monitoring of cell metabolism in vivo, and for diagnostic purposes, employing spectroscopic and imaging techniques. This course was organized in order to introduce the participants to the fundamentals of NMR spectroscopy, and offer practical advice on performing NMR experiments on cell systems, cell and tissue extracts and animal models. The main implications regarding human experiments were also discussed. Finally the quantification of information and the interpretation of data were considered with regard to the main nuclei observed. [Italiano] La risonanza magnetica nucleare e` una delle tecniche spettroscopiche che meglio risponde all`ampio spettro di condizioni imposto dalla ricerca in biofisica ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Molecular simulation aims at simulating particles in interaction, describing a physico-chemical system. When considering Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling in this context, we often meet the same problem of statistical efficiency as with Molecular Dynamics for the simulation of complex molecules (polymers for example). The search for a correct sampling of the space of possible configurations with respect to the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution is directly related to the statistical efficiency of such algorithms (i.e. the ability of rapidly providing uncorrelated states covering all the configuration space). We investigated how to improve this efficiency with the help of Artificial Evolution (AE). AE algorithms form a class of stochastic optimization algorithms inspired by Darwinian evolution. Efficiency measures that can be turned into efficiency criteria have been first searched before identifying parameters that could be optimized. Relative frequencies for each type ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laser-assisted processing techniques for producing high-quality solar cell metallization patterns have been investigated, developed, and characterized. During the early stages, preliminary investigations were carried out on a variety of promising laser-assisted metallization schemes, and the best of these was selected for further development. A comprehensive literature search initially yielded information on state-of-the-art laser-assisted techniques for metal deposition such as laser chemical vapor deposition and laser photolysis of organometallics, as well as laser-enhanced electroplating. Initial experiments on laser-enhanced electroplating yielded very promising results with linewidths as narrow as 25 ..mu..m and local plating speeds as high as 12 ..mu..m/s being achieved. Metal deposition experiments were carried out utilizing laser-assisted pyrolysis of a variety of metal-bearing polymer films and metallo-organic inks spun onto silicon substrates. Argon-ion ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Intermetallic compounds based on the Al-Co system were synthesized by solid state method - mechanical alloying and their properties were investigated using XRD, SEM, and DSC. The powder was used to make new targets of irradiation for gamma sources in order to enhance the specific activity and to reduce the consumption of material. The intermetallic compound AlCo was formed in the first 4 hours of milling. After 8 hours of milling the medium size of crystallites were of 5.58 nm. This value decreases with the increase of milling time up to 3 nm, corresponding to the 28 hours of grinding. There was calculated and plotted the Gibbs function, #DELTA#_f"0, for the reaction of formation AlCo and Al_3Co from the Al-Co system. It had negative values over the entire range of temperatures for both investigated compounds. After 28 hours milling a phase composition was obtained as follows: 0.2% Al; 21%Co ; 55.5%AlCo; 23.3% Al_1_3Co_4. AlCo 98% has been obtained after a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents findings from the first year of a two-year study of interactive efforts involving utilities and non-utility parties (NUPS) working together to prepare plans, develop Demand-Side Management (DSM) programs, or otherwise promote integrated planning and the use of cost-effective DSM measures. Of the ten cases covered in the current study, seven involved the collaborative approach to NUP involvement, which generally is marked by intensive utility-NUP interactions designed to reach consensus on a broad range of important issues; in collaboratives, outside consultants often are provided to enhance the technical capabilities of the NUPS. Another of the cases in this study involved a ``cooperative arrangement,`` whereby a utility and a NLT worked together in a focused short-term effort to develop a single DSM program. The intense interaction involved in this approach makes it very similar to a collaborative, except that both the scope and the duration of the effort were ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This project, conducted under The United States Department of Energy (DOE) Cooperative Agreement DE-FC36-94GO10002/A002, was part of a multiple-phase effort to develop technologies that improve the energy efficiency and economics of chemical process recovery in the pulp and paper industry. The approach taken was to consider two major alternatives in two phases. Phase I, conducted previously, considered means to improve pulp mill recovery boilers using high-solids advanced combustion of black liquor; while this project, Phase la, considered means to recover kraft pulping mill process chemicals by low-temperature black liquor gasification. The principal steps previously proposed in this program were: (1) Evaluate these two technologies, high-solids advanced combustion and gasification, and then select a path forward using the more promising of these two options for future work. (2) Design and construct a pilot-scale unit based on the selected technology, and using ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this report, I surveyed physics potential of the #gamma##gamma# option of a linear e"+e"- collider with the following questions in mind: What new discovery can be expected at a #gamma##gamma# collider in addition to what will be learned at its 'parent' e"+e"- linear collider? By taking account of the hard energy spectrum and polarization of colliding photons, produced by Compton back-scattering of laser light off incoming e"- beams, we find that a #gamma##gamma# collider is most powerful when new physics appears in the neutral spin-zero channel at an invariant mass below about 80% of the c.m. energy of the colliding e"-e"- system. If a light Higgs boson exists, its properties can be studied in detail, and if its heavier partners or a heavy Higgs boson exists in the above mass range, they may be discovered at a #gamma##gamma# collider. CP property of the scalar sector can be explored in detail by making use of linear polarization of the colliding photons, decay angular correlations ...

Science.gov (United States)

This report describes the first phase of the AFS/DOE program on mathematical modeling of cupola behavior, covering the period May 19, 1989 to July 19, 1990. The objective of the program is to develop a comprehensive mathematical model of the cupola furnace for on-line and off-line process control and optimization. The work is being carried out by five organizations: Massachusetts Institute of Technology with responsibility for heat transfer and fluid flow modeling, and incorporation of the chemical models being developed by the University of Michigan team. Modern Equipment Company has the responsibility of compiling information on needed sensors for monitoring operation and providing materials data to be used for cupola input. General Motors, Central Foundry Division, is investigating the potential to augment the mathematical models with artificial intelligence programs. Lastly, General Motors Research laboratories are charged with providing accurate cupola operational data to test the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The status of Monte Carlo system for the simulation of Bremsstrahlung in arbitrary decays and for the decay itself of #tau# -lepton is reviewed. During the last #tau# -lepton conference in 2010 several developments of the last two years have been presented: (i) For the TAUOLA Monte Carlo generator of #tau# -lepton decays, automated and simultaneous use of many versions of form-factors for the calculation of optional weights for fits was developed and checked to work in Belle and BaBar software environment. On-going work on alternative parameterizations of hadronic decays is presented too. (ii) The TAUOLA universal interface based on HepMC (the C++ event record) is now public. A similar interface for PHOTOS is now also public. (iii) Extension of PHOTOS Monte Carlo for QED Bremsstrahlung in decays featuring kernels based on complete first order matrix element are gradually becoming widely available thanks to properties of the new, HepMC based interface. (iv) Tests of the programs ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The first overtone spectrum of solid parahydrogen with various low ortho impurity levels has been studied in detail using a White-type external multireflection system. For the Q{sub 2{l_arrow}0}(0) transition the authors have observed the fully resolved threefold splitting due to the crystal field effect. Furthermore, the authors have obtained a rich satellite spectrum associated with the transitions Q{sub 2{l_arrow}0}(0) and Q{sub 2{l_arrow}0}(1) at different ortho-H{sub 2} contents revealing information about the ortho-H{sub 2} pair interaction in the second vibrationally excited state of the hydrogen molecule. A preliminary analysis and assignment of these satellite transitions will be presented. Another point of study was the spectral region around 8300 cm{sup -1}, where the double transitions of the type Q{sub 1{l_arrow}0}(n) + Q{sub 1{l_arrow}0}(n{prime}) (n, n{prime} = 0,1) are located. The most remarkable features here are the Q{sub 1{l_arrow}0}(l) + Q{sub ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This thesis surveys the concepts of exergy and extends the exergy method of analysis from the standpoint of its applications to the power plant systems. After a brief historical review of exergy concepts, the general exergy equation is derived from the combined equation of First and Second Law, and it is shown that any special case of exergy equation is a simplified form of the general exergy equation. The mathematical method for the exergy analysis of a steady-state, steady-flow system, analogous to that of the First Law, is given. The exergy losses in a power plant are discussed. Then in order to examine these losses, the Second Law performance of major processes of combustion, compression, heat transfer, mixing and throttling have been analyzed analytically, and the exergy efficiencies are defined that accurately assess the thermodynamic performance of the corresponding processes. The methods for computation of exergy loss and exergy efficiency are given and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A massively-parallel ab initio computer code, which uses Gaussian bases, pseudopotentials, and the local density approximation, permits the study of transition-metal systems with literally hundreds of atoms. We present total energies and relaxed geometries for Ru, Pd, and Ag clusters with N = 55, 135, and 140 atoms; we also used the DMOL code to study 13-atom Pd and Cu clusters, with and without hydrogen. The N = 55 and 135 clusters were chosen because of simultaneous cubo-octahedral (fcc) and icosahedral (icos) sub-shell closings, and we find icos geometries are preferred. Remarkably large compressions of the central atoms are observed for the icos structures (up to 6% compared with bulk interatomic spacings), while small core compressions ({approx} 1 %) are found for the fcc geometry. In contrast, large surface compressive relaxations are found for the fcc clusters ({approx} 2-3% in average nearest neighbor spacing), while the icos surface displays small compressions ({approx} 1%). ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Higgs mediated flavor violating electromagnetic interactions, induced at the one-loop level by a nondiagonal Hf_if_j vertex, with f_i and f_j charged leptons or quarks, are studied within the context of a completely general effective Yukawa sector that comprises SU_L(2)xU_Y(1)-invariant operators of up to dimension-six. Exact formulae for the one-loop #gamma#f_if_j and #gamma##gamma#f_if_j couplings are presented and their related processes used to study the phenomena of Higgs mediated lepton flavor violation. The experimental limit on the #mu##->#e#gamma# decay is used to derive a bound on the branching ratio of the #mu##->#e#gamma##gamma# transition, which is 6 orders of magnitude stronger than the current experimental limit. Previous results on the #tau##->##mu##gamma# and #tau##->##mu##gamma##gamma# decays are reproduced. The possibility of detecting signals of lepton flavor violation at #gamma##gamma# colliders is explored through the #gamma##gamma##->#l_il_j ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents the results of work which included extensive modifications to HRI`s existing 3 ton per day Process Development Unit (PDU) and completion of the first PDU run. The 58-day Run 1 demonstrated scale-up of the Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL Process) on Illinois No. 6 coal to produce distillate liquid products at a rate of up to 5 barrels per to of moisture-ash-free coal. The Kerr McGee Rose-SR unit from Wilsonville was redesigned and installed next to the US Filter installation to allow a comparison of the two solids removal systems. Also included was a new enclosed reactor tower, upgraded computer controls and a data acquisition system, an alternate power supply, a newly refurbished reactor, an in-line hydrotreater, interstage sampling system, coal handling unit, a new ebullating pump, load cells and improved controls and remodeled preheaters. Distillate liquid yields of 5 barrels/ton of moisture ash free coal were achieved. Coal slurry recycle rates were ...

Science.gov (United States)

This paper describes the design of a test rig, which is used to apply a representative pressure load to a full-scale composite sandwich secondary aircraft structure. A generic panel was designed with features to represent those in the composite sandwich secondary aircraft structure. To provide full-field strain data from the panels, the test rig was designed for use with optical measurement techniques such as thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) and digital image correlation (DIC). TSA requires a cyclic load to be applied to a structure for the measurement of the strain state; therefore, the test rig has been designed to be mounted on a standard servo-hydraulic test machine. As both TSA and DIC require an uninterrupted view of the surface of the test panel, an important consideration in the design is facilitating the optical access for the two techniques. To aid the test rig design a finite element (FE) model was produced. The model provides information on the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This thesis is devoted to studies which prepared the construction of an atom Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In such an interferometer, the propagating waves are spatially separated, and the internal state of the atom is not modified. The beam-splitters are diffraction gratings, consisting of standing optical waves near-resonant with an atomic transition. We use the Bloch functions to define the atom wave inside the standing wave grating and thus explain the diffraction process in different cases. We developed a nearly all-analytical model for the propagation of an atom wave inside a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The contrast of the signal is studied for many cases: phase or amplitude gratings, effects of extra paths, effects of the main mismatches, monochromatic or lightly polychromatic sources. Finally, we discuss three interferometric measurements we think very interesting. The first, the index of refraction of gas for atomic waves, is studied ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper a comparison between severe accident calculations performed for a WWER 1000 with the ASTEC1.1v0 and MELCOR 1.8.5 computer codes for a small break LOCA (ID 60 mm) without intervention of hydro accumulators is presented. This investigation has been performed in the framework of the SARNET project under the EURATOM 6th framework program. Once the accident sequence scenario is specified, both codes (MELCORE and ASTEC) are able to determine the core and containment damaged states, to estimate the release of radionuclides from the fuel as well as from the primary circuit and containment. Theses results are used to estimate the maximum period of the time during which the personnel could still take particular decisions in order to mitigate such an accident. The aim of the performed analysis is to estimate the discrepancy between ASTEC and MELCORE 1.8.5 calculations. Such discrepancies will be studied, if the case, proposal for ASTEC improvements will be made. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Effect of final temperature and duration of coking on the properties of formed coke from weakly-caking Donetsk and Kuznetsk coals was studied. An increase of the final temperature to 850 C produced significant changes in the mechanical and chemical properties of the coke. Increasing the temperature beyond this point did not affect the mechanical strength significantly, but did increase hardness, real density and electroconductivity of the coke and decrease reactivity. Increasing the period of coking at final temperatures in the 650 and 750 C range, produced insignificant hardening of the formed coke. An objective evaluation of the effect of final temperature can be performed by a series of tests which characterize the resistivity of the formed coke to impact and abrasion and the fine structure of the matter in coke. 9 references.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The accuracy of dose computation within the lungs depends strongly on the performance of the calculation algorithm in regions of electronic disequilibrium that arise near tissue inhomogeneities with large density variations. There is a lack of data evaluating the performance of highly developed analytical dose calculation algorithms compared to Monte Carlo computations in a clinical setting. We compared full Monte Carlo calculations (performed by our Monte Carlo dose engine MCDE) with two different commercial convolution/superposition (CS) implementations (Pinnacle-CS and Helax-TMS's collapsed cone model Helax-CC) and one pencil beam algorithm (Helax-TMS's pencil beam model Helax-PB) for 10 intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) lung cancer patients. Treatment plans were created for two photon beam qualities (6 and 18 MV). For each dose calculation algorithm, patient, and beam quality, the following set of clinically relevant dose-volume values was reported: (i) minimal, median, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Full text of publication follows:In order to practice a design-by-analysis of thermohydraulics design of BWR fuel rod bundles, the subchannel analysis would play a major role. There, the immediate concern is improvement in its predictive capability of CHF due in particular to the film dryout (boiling transition phenomena: BT) on the fuel rod surface. Constitutive equations in the subchannel analysis formulation are responsible for the quality of calculated results. The constitutive equations are a result of integration of the local and instantaneous description of two-phase flows over the subchannel control volume. In general, they are expressed in terms of subchannel-control-volume- as well as area-averaged two-phase flow state variables. In principle the information on local and instantaneous physical phenomena taking place inside subchannels must be counted for in the algebraic form of the equations on the basis of a more mechanistic modeling approach. They ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

With the aid of a DOE grant (No. DE-FC26-01NT41050), Stolar Research Corporation (Stolar) developed the Horizon Sensor (HS) to distinguish between the different layers of a coal seam. Mounted on mining machine cutter drums, HS units can detect or sense the horizon between the coal seam and the roof and floor rock, providing the opportunity to accurately mine the section of the seam most desired. HS also enables accurate cutting of minimum height if that is the operator's objective. Often when cutting is done out-of-seam, the head-positioning function facilitates a fixed mining height to minimize dilution. With this technology, miners can still be at a remote location, yet cut only the clean coal, resulting in a much more efficient overall process. The objectives of this project were to demonstrate the feasibility of horizon sensing on mining machines and demonstrate that Horizon Sensing can allow coal to be cut cleaner and more efficiently. Stolar's primary goal was ...

Science.gov (United States)

This final scientific report documents the Industrial Technology Program (ITP) Stage 2 Concept Development effort on Data Center Energy Reduction and Management Through Real-Time Optimal Control (RTOC). Society is becoming increasingly dependent on information technology systems, driving exponential growth in demand for data center processing and an insatiable appetite for energy. David Raths noted, 'A 50,000-square-foot data center uses approximately 4 megawatts of power, or the equivalent of 57 barrels of oil a day1.' The problem has become so severe that in some cases, users are giving up raw performance for a better balance between performance and energy efficiency. Historically, power systems for data centers were crudely sized to meet maximum demand. Since many servers operate at 60%-90% of maximum power while only utilizing an average of 5% to 15% of their capability, there are huge inefficiencies in the consumption and delivery of power in ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The results of the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) study of the FEBEX bentonite performed during FEBEX II are presented. The laboratory test program continued in part with the works carried out during FEBEX I, particularly in activities related to tests aimed to the calibration of the models, the acquisition of parameters by back-analysis and the improvement of the knowledge on the behaviour of expansive clays. But the program has also included tests on new areas: investigations about the influence of the microstructure changes in bentonite, of temperature and of the solute concentration on the behaviour of clay. Besides, several tests were proposed in order to understand the unexpected behaviour observed in the mock-up test, towards the end of year 2. Temperature effects on water retention curves in confined and unconfined conditions were determined, and swelling pressure, hydraulic conductivity and swelling and consolidation strains as a function of temperature were successfully ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This is the final report covering work performed on research into methods of attaining clean ferrous castings. In this program methods were developed to minimize the formation of inclusions in steel castings by using a variety of techniques which decreased the tendency for inclusions to form during melting, casting and solidification. In a second project, a reaction chamber was built to remove inclusions from molten steel using electromagnetic force. Finally, a thorough investigation of the causes of sand penetration defects in iron castings was completed, and a program developed which predicts the probability of penetration formation and indicates methods for avoiding it.

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... Title : Selection, Training, and Control Problems in the Use of the Military Working Dog. Descriptive Note : Final rept. 15 Jan 72-14 Sep 73,. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... as the difference between date of birth and date of ... Final model selections were based on the ... approval by the Naval Submarine Medical Research ...

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... Finally, the one dimensional, one phase Stefan problem is well known as a model for the melting of ice (see, eg, [5]). There are many approaches to ...

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The fundamental points to be considered in a waste treatment system for a country like Japan, where the final disposal method has not been decided and the wastes have to be stored in the power plants, are volume reduction of the wastes, safe storage of the wastes in the plant, and flexibility regarding the final disposal. A system has been developed that consists of a thin film evaporator for the direct solidification of the liquid waste, a pelletizer for producing hard pellets from the powdered wastes, a pellet storage unit, and a solidification unit for the final disposal. A pilot plant with waste treatment capacity of 200 kg/h was built in 1976 and has proved the system feasibility. This paper reports on pilot plant tests of the thin film evaporator and other components, tests on pellet deterioration during long term storage, and integrity tests on the final disposal of the pellet bitumen package.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report describes the evaluation results for new Orion VII buses at NYCT with CNG propulsion and new hybrid propulsion.

Science.gov (United States)

new technologies being evaluated by the ADTT. (d) Prepare the ... (g) Have final approval of the individual nominated for the position of Deputy. ADTT. (4) The ...