Science.gov (United States)

... Descriptors : *PROTECTIVE COATINGS, *WATER REPELLENTS, *COMBUSTIBLE CARTRIDGE CASES, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, SOLVENTS ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The fatigue properties of EP539LM alloy with an Al-Nb-Si fused slurry coating and a Co-Cr-Al-Y electron-beam coating are investigated experimentally in vacuum and in air at 900 C. It is found that the protective coatings reduce the fatigue life of the specimens both in vacuum and in air, with the electron-beam coating affecting the fatigue life of the alloy to a lesser degree than the fused slurry coating. The negative effect of the coatings on the fatigue life of the alloy is attributed largely to the properties of the coating material. 7 references.

Science.gov (United States)

A waterjet coating-removal system was developed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., to remove thermal protective coatings from the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A chromium-free conversion coating for magnesium alloys were described. The conversion coating could be obtained when AZ31D magnesium alloy was immersed in a solution containing a manganese salt, phosphate and an inhibitor. Corrosion resistance of the chemical conversion coating was evaluated by anodizing polarization curve and salt immersion. XRD analysis showed that the conversion coating was mainly composed of Mn{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}. The morphology of the coating is observed by using SEM. The effect of electrolyte pH and concentration of inhibitor on coating growth are investigated. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jun 1973. 2 p. United States USAEC Directorate of Regulatory Standards,

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An improved coating for Advanced Gas Cooled Nuclear Reactor austenitic stainless steel fuel cans is described which, tests have shown, inhibits the deposition of carbon on the cans in carbon-containing ionising radiation environments. The coating comprises a refractory oxide which has been prepared by a vapour phase condensation method, in combination with a noble metal. (U.K.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Research highlights: ? Reports a high protection system for the alloy in corrosive environment. ? Describes an interfacial process with self-healing properties. ? Reports the influence of substrate pre-treatment in the coating performance. - Abstract: In this paper the interface of poly(vinylidene fluoride) coatings prepared by the dip coating method and HF-treated AZ31 magnesium alloy was evaluated. The best performance of this system in corrosion tests compared to ground, as-received and acetic acid cleaned substrates is related to an acid-base interaction at the interface and to interfacial reactions which resulted in a self-healing process. The protectiveness of the samples was investigated using impedance and immersion tests while the coating morphology and interface stability were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steel structures immersed in seawater are protected from corrosion using cathodic protection systems (sacrificial anodes or impressed current), by paint coatings or by duplex systems in which cathodic protection hinders corrosion at coating's failure sites. The main problem related to those duplex systems is how to avoid cathodic delamination due to the alkalinity generated at cathodic sites. The present paper analyses the effectiveness of red mud suspensions as pre-treatment to avoid cathodic delamination. The study was conducted using mainly electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The evolution of the electrode potential with immersion time was also recorded because it concerns the practical aspect of current density necessary to reach the protection potential. The study shows that red mud pre-treatments are effective in avoiding ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The theoretical principles underlying the formation of oxide and, in particular, anodic oxide coatings on metals produced by chemical oxidation, anodizing in solutions, and anodizing in cold plasmas are reviewed. The mechanisms and conditions of anodic oxidation are described, and the structure of anodic oxide coatings on aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, zinc, cadmium, iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium, zirconium, tantalum, and chromium alloys is examined. Attention is also given to various applictins of anodized coatings. 54 references.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aluminium AA5182 coupons covered by a polyaniline film in the emeraldine base (EB) form showed increasing corrosion potential and decreasing corrosion current as a function of the thickness of the polymer layer. The cathodic reaction was proved not limited by diffusion of species inside the electrolyte solution and oxygen had no effect on the electrochemical behaviour of the coated samples. An EB coating on indium tin oxide conducting layer appeared slightly electroactive in neutral media. The IR spectra of aluminium coated samples, before and after heating in argon atmosphere, confirmed a redox reaction between the polymer film and the metal. This galvanic coupling can explain the good protective behaviour of emeraldine base against corrosion of aluminium.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tungsten (W) coating on fusion candidate V-4Cr-4Ti (NIFS-HEAT-2) substrate was demonstrated with plasma spray process for the purpose of applying to protection of the plasma facing surface of a fusion blanket. Increase in plasma input power and temperature of the substrate was effective to reduce porosity of the coating, but resulted in hardening of the substrate and degradation of impact property at 77 K. The hardening seemed to be due to contamination with gaseous impurities and deformation by thermal stress during the coating process. Since all the samples showed good ductility at room temperature, further heating seems to be acceptable for the vanadium substrate. The fracture stress of the W coating was estimated from bending tests as at least 313 MPa, which well exceeds the design stress for the vanadium structure in fusion blanket. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Researchers are developing polymer-based coating systems to reduce scaling and corrosion of air-cooled condensers that use a geothermal fluid spray for heat transfer augmentation. These coating systems act as barriers to corrosion to protect aluminum fins and steel tubing; they are formulated to resist the strong attachment of scale. Field tests have been done to determine the corrosion and scaling issues related to brine spraying and a promising organometallic polymer has been evaluated in salt spray tests.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

With the deposition of PVD hard coatings on the tools applied in machining operations it is possible to achieve significant improvements in the performance and quality of the machining processes. Depending on the machined material and the operating principle, e.g. turning, milling or drilling, not only different machining parameters but also different coating materials are necessary. In interrupted cut machining of tempered steel, for example, the life time of Ti-C-N coated inserts is several times greater than the Ti-C-N coated ones. This is a result of the favourable thermophysical and tribological properties of Ti-N-C. The potential for tool protection by CrN coatings is a result of the high ductility and low internal stress of this coating materials. CrN films can be deposited with greater film thickness, still maintaining very good ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work a comprehensive metallophysical study was carried out for two aluminosilicide slip coatings of the systems Al-Si and Al-Nb-Si and an electron-beam Co-Cr-Al-Y coating on alloy EP-539 (17...19% Cr, 4...6% Co, 2.5...4% W, 4.5...6.5% Mo, 2...3% Ti, 3...4% Al, 1.4...2% Nb, balance Ni) after high-temperature testing. The protective properties of the coatings were evaluated from the results of laboratory tests for heat resistance at 1000/sup 0/C in the combustion products of diesel fuel with added sulfur at 970, 1000, and 1060/sup 0/C for 100 h and after full-scale tests for 150, 250, 400, and 700 h. Metallographic, hardness, x-ray, and micro x-ray studies of the coating were carried out. Layer-by-layer phase composition and the lattice spacing of the main phases were determined. X-ray analysis was carried out in an a DRON-1 diffractometer in copper K/sub ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hydrogen uptake and embrittlement of tantalum by electrolytically produced hydrogen is investigated on samples of varying composition and type of pretreatment. Of decisive influence on the uptake of hydrogen are the oxide layers present on the tantalum surface. By contact with platinum group metals as alloying constituents, surface coatings or anodic protection, a protection of tantalum can be obtained depending on the experimental conditions. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nanowires of copolymers film based on aniline and 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid were electrochemically synthesized on the iron electrode by cyclic voltammetry using oxalic acid as a supporting electrolyte. Protective properties of copolymer film on the iron surface in 1.0 M HCl solution was investigated by chronoamperometry, potentiodynamic polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the copolymer film showed the significant shifting in the corrosion potential and greater charge transfer resistance. Moreover, the copolymer showed the larger degree of surface coverage onto the iron surface, reflecting the higher protection for corrosion of the iron in acidic medium. In addition, the film constitutes a physical as well as a chemical barrier layer due to the presence of -OH and -NH groups in ANSA unit, which provides passivity protection in polymer ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this paper, an environmentally friendly metal corrosion inhibitor, phytic acid, was assembled into the walls of silica nanoparticles via layer-by-layer self-assembly technique (LbL) with poly(allylamine hydrochloride). Such functionalized nanoparticles were uniformly distributed into sol-gel films for metal anticorrosion. The films showed very pronounced and lasting protective efficiency in concentrated salt aqueous solutions as indicated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement. These results may provide a new route for the preparation of environment-friendly anticorrosion coatings.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to improve the well-known short operational life time of BF3 counters, three potential adsorbents for impurity gases (graphite, activated charcoal and a zirconium-aluminum mixture) were introduced into BF3 counters in the form of coating on the aluminum cathode surface. Tests in el fields revealed that a partial coating of activated charcoal provides the best result. The improvement of their operational life in el fields was about three orders of magnitude in terms of tolerable exposure. Many counters with a partial coating of activated charcoal were further tested from the following viewpoints: background noise, vibration and shock, el pulse discrimination, operational life in a neutron field and non-operational in-reactor exposure life. The results were satisfactory for reactor control and protection usage. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Papers are presented under 38 symposia. Subjects included reinforced concrete, protective coatings and linings, cathodic/anodic protection, chemical cleaning of boilers, managing corrosion with plastics, water treatment, HRSG boiler tube failure analysis, corrosion in oil and gas production, corrosion in petroleum refining and gas, processing, pipelines and tanks, high temperature materials, chemical process industry, aerospace equipment, materials technology developments for incinerators and waste fuel-fired processors, materials and corrosion in fossil-fuels conversion and combustion, corrosion in nuclear systems, marine corrosion, building systems, corrosion mechanisms, corrosion inhibitors and corrosion monitoring and measurement.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book presents the papers given at a conference on offshore platforms. Topics considered in this book include risk assessment, crack propagation, fracture control, stress corrosion, the reliability of pile foundations, the thermal conductivity of offshore pipeline coating material, economic analysis, hydrodynamics, simulation, Arctic structure design, composite materials, buoys, deep water drilling, corrosion protection, pollution control equipment, and subsea exhaust gas compressors.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This work analyzes the unoptimized prototype triode-sputtered, 150 microns thick tantalum coatings deposited with a 2.5 microns niobium underlayer on the bore of a large-diameter A723 steel cylinder. The coating was deposited for wear and erosion protection by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The phase determination was based on X ray diffraction analysis, wavelength dispersive X ray fluorescence analysis, energy dispersive X ray analysis, and hardness and electrical resistivity measurements. Both X ray diffraction and radius-of- curvature methods were used to determine residual stresses. A locally developed high-resolution pole figure technique was used to perform texture analysis. The post-firing, debonded coating showed alpha-tantalum, preferred 110 orientation, high surface stresses, tantalum oxides, entrapped krypton sputtering gas, interstitial oxygen, and other impurities. The surface and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The use of polymer matrix composites in aerospace propulsion applications is currently limited by insufficient resistance to erosion by abrasive media. Erosion resistant coatings may provide necessary protection; however, adhesion to many high temperature polymer matrix composite (PMC) materials is poor. A low pressure oxygen plasma treatment process was developed to improve adhesion of CN_x coatings to a carbon reinforced, fluorinated polymer matrix composite. Fullerene-like CN_x was selected as an erosion resistant coating for its high hardness-to-elastic modulus ratio and elastic resilience which were expected to reduce erosion from media incident at different angles (normal or glancing) relative to the surface. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to evaluate the effect of the plasma treatment on surface chemistry, and electron microscopy was used to identify changes in the surface ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

After being pre-plated a zinc layer, an amorphous Al-Mn alloy coating was applied onto the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy with a bath of molten salts. Then the corrosion performance of the coated magnesium alloy was examined in 3.5% NaCl solution by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the single Zn layer was active in the test solution with a high corrosion rate while the Al-Mn alloy coating could effectively protect AZ31B magnesium alloy from corrosion in the solution. The high corrosion resistance of Al-Mn alloy coating was ascribed to an intact and stable passive film formed on the coating. The performances of the passive film on Al-Mn alloy were further investigated by Mott-Schottky curve and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. It was confirmed that the passive film exhibited ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

High-quality solar cells have been fabricated by utilizing localized argon-ion laser decomposition of silver neodecanoate spun onto diffused silicon substrates and subsequent electroplating. Early adhesion problems during electroplating have been carefully studied and finally solved using a novel coating procedure. The laser-metallized solar cells have been characterized using lighted and dark current-voltage measurements and compared with baseline cells metallized using standard photolithographic procedures. Non-AR-coated cell efficiencies ranging from 10 to over 11% have been obtained for the laser-metallized cells, comparable with the best baseline cells. The laser-metallized cells have 30 to 40% lower series resistance than the unsintered baseline cells, indicating that in-situ sintering takes place during laser writing. A dramatic new and simpler laser metallization process on which patent protection is currently being ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Accelerated aging tests on tin-oxide-coated anodized aluminium selective absorber surfaces have been performed. It is shown that the tin oxide layer provides excellent protection for the anodized surface. The thermal stability of the double layer is equal to, or better than, the stability of the bare anodized surface. Both surfaces degrade very slowly at 450deg C. The anodic layer is porous and therefore not very scratch resistant and it degrades when exposed to humidity, both acidic and alcaline. It is shown that the tin oxide film, which is hard and chemically very stable, almost completely protects the anodized surface from chemical degradation. The mechanical wear resistance is also considerably improved. The optical selectivity does not quite match that of the the anodized surface, but the remarkable stability together with the solar parameters of {alpha}=0.91 and hemispherical emittance {epsilon}= 0.16 (normal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this work is to combine the MCFC cathode Li{sub x}Ni{sub 1-x}O properties to those of the protective coatings of LiCoO{sub 2}, Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} or of CeO{sub 2}, less soluble in the molten carbonates. In the cases of LiCoO{sub 2}, have been carried out by controlled potential coulometry in aqueous solution, a deposition of Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} on dense Ni. The cobalt oxide reacts rapidly in the Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3}-Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} medium at 650 C to give LiCoO{sub 2}, a spinel cubic phase revealed by Raman spectroscopy. (O.M.)

Science.gov (United States)

... SCREENING GUN BARREL COATING'S RESPONSE ... SCREENING GUN BARREL COATINGS' RESPONSE TO COMBUSTION GASES ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In one of the first uses of high Tc superconductors in an end-use product, Lake Shore Cryotronics and a Swiss lab have developed a liquid nitrogen level sensor using a high Tc thin film. The probe is manufactured using a seamless stainless steel tube with an yttrium-based zirconium oxide flame-sprayed on the tube. A plasma-sprayed superconductor compound is deposited on top of that. The probe is coated with a sealant that protects the superconducting film from the atmosphere. This manufacturing method has yielded an extremely durable product. Unaffected by ice formation and related mechanical problems, the superconducting level sensor can be kept in the dewar for long periods of time.

J-STORE (Japan)

Full Text Available

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Multi-functional Bioactive Nano-structured Coatings for Load-Bearing Implants

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Characterization and Testing of Coated Nickel- and Iron-Based Superalloys for Application in High-Temperature Power Installations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The passive films formed in stainless steels are thin and fine oxide films, a high corrosion resistance can be provided by these films. This study formed SiO2 protective coating on the substrate of SUS 304 stainless steels by chemical vapor deposition using TEOS-O3 system. Firstly, relations of substrate temperature and deposition rate of films, chemical composition, refractive index of films were investigated. Then, the corrosion resistance of SUS 304 stainless steels coated SiO2 films was examined by activation time and an anodic polarization curve in 1 kmol[center dot]m[sup -3] HCl solution. The results were obtained as follows. Thickness of SiO2 films linearly increases with time at the deposition temperature of 473 to 673 K. Si-OH bonds would disappear above the deposition temperature of 573 K, almost perfect SiO2 films were obtained. The activation time in 1 kmol[center dot]m[sup -3] HCl solution increased with ...

Science.gov (United States)

A knowledge of surface film growth kinetics can be quite useful in the production of materials for uses ranging from protective coatings to microelectronic devices. A technique for determining the kinetics of film growth is presented which should prove to be a valuable alternative to the array of spectroscopies (AES, RBS, etc.) currently favored for these measurements. Some of the virtues of this X-ray diffraction approach are its non-destructive nature, thickness resolution better than 50 {angstrom} and conventional equipment requirements. Results obtained for the growth of Pd{sub 2}Si films during thermal annealing of Pd coatings on Si, indicate parabolic growth over a temperature range of 160-222 C. The rate constant was found to be k{prime} = 7 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} exp ({minus}1.06 eV/kT) cm{sup 2}/sec, where (film thickness){sup 2} = k{prime} x time. This activation energy is in agreement with results obtained by ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this text is to train engineers and technologists not just to understand corrosion but to control it. Materials selection, coatings, chemical inhibitors, cathodic and anodic protection, and equipment design are covered in separate chapters. High-temperature oxidation is discussed in the final two chapters ne on oxidation theory and one on controlling oxidation by alloying and with coatings. This book treats corrosion and high-temperature oxidation separately. Corrosion is divided into three groups: (1) chemical dissolution including uniform attack, (2) electrochemical corrosion from either metallurgical or environmental cells, and (3) stress-assisted corrosion. Corrosion is logically grouped according to mechanisms rather than arbitrarily separated into different types of corrosion as if they were unrelated. For those university students and industry personnel who approach corrosion theory very hesitantly, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A tri-functional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) based silane precursor R_xR_yR_z(SiO_3_/_2)_n (x + y + z = n = 6, 8, 10, ...) bearing 3-(N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)ureido)propyl, isooctyl and perfluoropropyl groups was synthesized and investigated as corrosion protective coating for AA 2024 alloy. Infrared reflection-absorption (IR RA) combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy provided information about partial self-assembling of coatings having a fluorine enriched upper layer with a low surface energy (#gamma#"t"o"t = 12.37 mN/m). The structural changes that accompanied corrosion produced under chronocoulometrical conditions were assessed from ex-situ IR RA spectra. A new band at 1690-1700 cm"-"1 appeared above the corrosion potential, and was assigned to the formation of amidonium ions and consequent relaxation of urea-urea associations.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Complete text of publication follows. According to the new European regulations (Restrictions of Hazardous Substance Directive), there is an emerging demand for environmental friendly metal treatments instead on formerly used chromate conversion coating technique. The aim of the present investigations was to characterise and compare silicon containing protective thin layers on roughened galvanized steel surfaces (with average roughness of 0.7 microns), using FTIR microscopy and imaging techniques. The silicon containing coatings were produced either by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) or by wet chemical treatment using liquid silane. FTIR techniques offer new possibilities in the characterisations and chemical mapping of differently coated thin films, besides SEM+EDS, AFM, nanoindentation, XPS measurements (P. Nemeth et al., Materials Science Forum, 589 (2008) 433-438). All measurements were carried out ...

CERN Document Server

Anodic protection

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english We consider the three dimensional electromagnetic inverse scattering problem of determining information about a buried coated object from a knowledge of the electric and magnetic fields measured on the surface of the earth corresponding to time harmonic electric dipoles as incident fields. We assume that the buried object is a perfect conductor that is (possibly) partially coated by a thin dielectric layer. No a priori assumption is made on the extent of the coating, i.e. (more) the object can be fully coated, partially coated or not coated at all. We present an algorithm based on the linear sampling method and reciprocity gap functional for reconstructing the shape of the scattering obstacle together with an estimate of the surface impedance of the coating.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In vitro cytocompatibility and cellular interactions of lauric acid and dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles were evaluated with two different cell lines (mouse fibroblast and human cervical carcinoma). Lauric acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles were less cytocompatible than dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles and cellular uptake of lauric acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles was more than that of dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles. Lesser cytocompatibility and higher uptake of lauric acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles as compared to dextran-coated magnetic nanoparticles may be due to different cellular interactions by coating material. Thus, coating plays an important role in modulation of biocompatibility and cellular interaction of magnetic nanoparticles.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reservoir geometry reconstruction within carbonate platforms has been carried out in the Upper Jurassic of the Paris Basin based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphy correlations (cores and well-logs). 18 cored wells over 25 kM{sup 2} have been correlated (Saint-Clair-sur-Epte field, Gaz de France). During lower and middle Oxfordian the Paris Basin is a carbonate platform prograding southward. This progradational trend can be subdivided into three upper order sequences (parasequences sets, mean duration: one m.y.). The lower parasequence-set is a stacking of shallowing-upward parasequences made up of tidal ooids bars surrounded laterally and backward by more protected environments (large variety of coated grains). The middle parasequence-set is recorded in lagoonal environments with numerous channels and lobes of storm washover-fans. Metric-thick sequences have been correlated over the field. They are ernersive upward (subtidal lagoonal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Waste is a heterogeneous fuel, often with high levels of chlorine, alkali and heavy metals. This leads to much more severe corrosion problems than combustion of fossil fuels. The corrosion rates of the materials used can be extremely high. Materials used for heat transferring parts are usually carbon steel or low alloyed steel. These are significantly cheaper than other steels. Austenitic stainless steel is also used, but is often avoided due to its sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking. More advanced materials, such as nickel base alloys, can be used in extremely aggressive environments. Since these materials are expensive and do not always have sufficient mechanical properties, they are often used as coatings on carbon steel tubes or as composite tubes. A new method, which shows good results at the first tests in plants, is electroplating with nickel. Plastic materials can be used in low temperature parts if the temperature does not exceed 150 deg C. A glass ...

Science.gov (United States)

Leukemia; Aplastic Anemia

Science.gov (United States)

An investigation was conducted to determine the cause of coating residue found in the test gun chambers during qualification firing of 120-mm combustible cartridge case (CCC) ammunition for the MlAl/A2 main battle tank. The CCC is coated with a clear epox...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A flame retardant tarpaulin is used for protecting equipments upon periodical repairing in places for handling radioactive materials such as a nuclear power plant. It is formed by coating a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a non-woven fabric with from 100 to 1000% by weight of a composition formed by blending from 3 to 10 parts by weight of red phosphorus and from 7 to 25 parts by weight of melamine sulfate to 100 parts by weight of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of from 8 to 28% by weight. Further, it comprises metal hydroxides such as Mg hydroxide and Al hydroxide. Aids such as plasticizers, stabilizers, lubricants and colorants can optionally be blended so long as they do not inhibit the flame retardant effect. It has an excellent flame retardancy, and does not produce poisonous gases or a great amount of ashes when burnt and discarded. It can be processed with satisfactory dimensional accuracy upon ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Acrylonitrile electropolymerization (in an aprotic and anhydrous medium) has been used as a way to build thin, homogeneous and covering polyacrylonitrile layers grafted on the surface of usual metals and specially on copper-based shape memory alloy: Cu-Zn-Al. The results of the study first confirm the possibility of grafting thin and covering polyacrylonitrile layers on Cu-Zn-Al surface. The morphology of the films however is influenced by the geometry of the polycristalline structure of the alloy and its superficial defects. Samples obtained after grafting polyacrylonitrile films were submitted to corrosion tests based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in a NaCl/H{sub 2}O medium. Results show that some post-treatments of the grafted films are necessary to improve their protective role, while preserving the strong interfacial bondings. Actually, thermal and mechanical cycling of the shape memory alloy covered by electropolymerized ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nonevaporable getters (NEGs) have been extensively studied in the last several years for their sorption properties toward many gases. In particular, an innovative alloy as a thin film by magnetron sputtering was developed and characterized at the European Organization for Nuclear Research. It is composed of Ti-Zr-V and protected by an overlayer of palladium (Pd), according to a technology for which the authors got the licence. NEG-Pd thin films used in combination with ion getter pumps is a simple, easy way to handle pumping devices for ultrahigh and extremely high vacuum applications. To show how to apply this coating technology to the internal surface of different types of ion pumps, the authors carried out several tests on pumps of various shapes, sizes (in terms of nominal pumping speed), and types (diode, noble diode, and triode). Special care was taken during the thermal cycle of baking and activation of the pumps to preserve the internal ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Mirrors (Preprint) Ryan Conk et al. 15 September 2006 ... 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Stress Coatings for Large Scale Membrane Mirrors (Preprint) 5a. ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ceramic coatings with high emission were fabricated on Ti6Al4V alloy by microarc oxidation (MAO) with additive FeSO4 into the electrolyte. The microstructure, chemical composition and chemical state of the coatings were determined by SEM, XRD, EDS and XPS, respectively. The bonding strength between the coating and substrate was studied by tensile strength test, together with the thermal shock resistance of the coating. The results showed that Fe content in the coating layer significantly affect its thermal emissivity. The relative content of Fe in the coatings surface increased at first and then decreased with increasing the concentration of FeSO4 in electrolytes, so does the emissivity of the coatings. The bonding strength became weaker with increasing the concentration of FeSO4. In addit...

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Hard Nano-Strutural Coatings Resistant to the Extreme Conditions of Chemical, Abrasive and High Energy Media for Thermonuclear Power, Oil and Gas and Chemical Industries

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADA954164. Title : Electron Diffraction Examination of Gun Barrel Coatings. Descriptive Note : Special rept.,. ...

CERN Document Server

Radiation protection and the management of radioactive waste in the oil and gas industry

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development of the Corrosion Protection Technology for Special Steels and Alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes a feasibility demonstration of a thermal scanning NDE system for thermal spray coatings. Non-bonds were detected between several types of coatings and their substrates. Aluminum anti-skid coatings having very rough surfaces were included. A technique for producing known non-bond areas for calibrating and demonstrating NDE methods was developed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The bibliography contains citations concerning the structural properties of sputtered tantalum and tantalum compounds. The preparation of thin film capacitors and resistors is described. The electrical properties of the sputtered films are also included. The influence of the substrate on the properties of the coatings is considered, including adherence of the coating to the substrate, and the effects of impurities on coating integrity. (Contains 250 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of heat treatment on the corrosion behavior of reactive plasma sprayed TiN coatings in simulated seawater was investigated by electrochemical methods such as the corrosion potential-time curve (Ecorr-t), potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and SEM, etc. The results showed that the corrosion potential of TiN coatings increased after heat treatment; the corrosion current of the TiN coatings after heat treatment (be hereafter referred to as HT-TiN) was 13.3% of the untreated coatings (be hereafter referred to as UT-TiN), and the polarization resistance of HT-TiN was 20 times of UT-TiN, which indicated that the heat treatment had significantly increased the corrosion resistance of the coatings. The corrosion behavior of the coatings was mainly ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There is an increasing number of applications for hard coatings in engineering where the properties of the single-layer coating are not sufficient. One way to solve this problem is to use a multilayer coating that combines the properties of several coating materials. In this study, TiN-CrAlN and CrN-CrAlN multilayer coatings were deposited on 100Cr6 and S6-5-2 (DIN) steel substrates, by means of unbalanced magnetron sputtering. For comparison, TiN, CrN and CrAlN single-layer coatings were also prepared. For all depositions the coating temperature was below 473 K. Indentation testing, hardness measurements and scratch tests were performed to characterize the mechanical properties. The correlation between the wear behavior in rolling contact and the mechanical properties of the multilayer coatings is reported. A ball ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

From a macroscopic point of view, corrosion of Zn alloy coated steel sheet occurs by the coating preceding corrosion mechanism; microscopically, however, the coated layer corrosion velocity in the tip of corrosion is different. In order to find the main factors of under-film corrosion of Zn and Zn-Fe alloy coatings in the salt water spray atmospheric exposure test, the correlation between point inflation-exfoliation width and chlorine penetration behavior, point adhesion, and the difference in chlorine penetration behavior due to alloy coating components were investigated. Consequently, the following results were obtained: 1. The better correlation was observed between chlorine penetration distance and point inflation-point exfoliation width. 2. The durability of coating against chlorine penetration improved by increase in point adhesion and Zn content in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes the effects of SiC coating on the oxidation resistance of C/C composites in combusting fields, which are expected to be applied to high temperature structural materials at over 1770K. The coating methods employed were CVD and pack cementation. The time changes in weight loss of the specimens were measured at temperatures of 1770K and 1900K under the equivalence ratio of 0.9 generated by methane-air combustion, and the surface of the specimens before and after the experiment was observed by SEM. Although the weight loss of the specimens coated by the CVD method was minimal, the coating layer was easily peeled off from the substrate. On the other hand, the layer of the specimens coated by the pack cementation method was stable and adhered to the substrate, but the substrate was degraded because of penetration of oxygen through the pores in the layer. To cover the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Throughout the last decades, plasma technology has been established in a series of surface treatment applications, e.g. for semiconductor processing or optical coatings. The majority of plasma assisted technologies is based on low pressure processes. In recent years, however, non-thermal atmospheric pressure discharges have attracted considerable interest because of their simplified technical devices for industrial applications as compared to low pressure processes which require vacuum equipment. Hence, batch processing can be avoided, thus facilitating the implementation of plasma process steps into production lines. Investment costs are cut down significantly. The use of atmospheric pressure plasmas for technical applications dates back to the ozone production with dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) by Siemens in 1857. Lately, the application of atmospheric pressure plasmas for surface treatment has been reported, e.g. for the treatment of foils to improve ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper, the influence of plasma nitriding at temperature 720 deg. C for 20 h on the surface microstructure and interface microstructure of electroplated chromium coating was investigated. In these conditions, interdiffusion, mixing and reaction phenomena of elements originating from the substrate and coating material are more likely to occur, thus increasing the bonding strength between the coating and carbon steel substrate. The change of the structures from the substrate side to the coating surface, and the effect of the substrate steel on the interface structure were studied by cross-sectional transmission electron microscope observation (XTEM). The nitride layer formed on the surface was analyzed by X-ray diffraction method (XRD). After treatment at above conditions a 6-7 #mu#m thick nitride compound layer was formed in surface region and the same thick carbide compound layer was also formed ...

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In situ composite coating of hydroxyapatite (HA)/TiO2 were produced on titanium (Ti) substrate by micro-arc oxidation coupled with electrophoretic deposition (MAO&EPD) technique with different concentrations of HA particles in the 0.2M NaOH electrolyte solution. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the hybrid coating were effected by HA concentration. The amount of HA particles incorporated into coating layer increased with increasing HA concentration used in the electrolyte solution. The corrosion behavior of the coating layer in simulated body fluids (SBF) was evaluated using a potentiodynamic polarization test. The corrosion resistance of the coated sample was increased compared to the untreated Ti sample. The in vitro bioactivity assessment showed that the MAO&EPD treated...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Assembly of icosahedral capsids of proper size and symmetry is not understood. Residue F170 in bacteriophage P22 coat protein is critical for conformational switching during assembly. Substitutions at this site cause assembly of tubes of hexamerically arranged coat protein. Intragenic suppressors of the ts phenotype of F170A and F170K coat protein mutants were isolated. Suppressors were repeatedly found in the coat protein telokin-like domain at position 285, which caused coat protein to assemble into petite procapsids and capsids. Petite capsid assembly strongly correlated to the side chain volume of the substituted amino acid. We hypothesize that larger side chains at position 285 torque the telokin-like domain, changing flexibility of the subunit and intercapsomer contacts. Thus, a sing...

Science.gov (United States)

... ATROPINE, HI-6 AND TOXOGONIN MIGHT OFFER THE SOLUTION FOR THE OVERALL PROTECTION AGAINST NERVE GAS POISONING HAS ...

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... Considering these observations, it is most likely that Brucela proteins involved in protective immunity will preferentially stimulate INF-g producing T ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The proactive protection measures and the traditional passive security protection tools are complementarities each other. It also can supply the conventional network security protection system and enhance its capability of the security protection. Based upon sorts of existing network security technologies, this article analyses and summarizes the technologies, functions and the development directions of some key proactive network security protection tools. (authors)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The purpose of this study was to synthesize biocompatible polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated iron oxide (PVP-IO) nanoparticles and to evaluate their efficacy as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical properties and in vivo circulation of chitosan (CH)-coated liposomes of mitoxantrone (MTO). Changes in particle size and zeta...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A serological trapping technique for detecting rotaviruses is described which involves coating electron microscope grids with protein A and specific rotavirus antiserum. The presence of a layer of antibodies...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The metal-semiconductor solar cell is a potential candidate for converting solar energy to electrical energy for space and terrestrial application. In this paper, a method for obtaining parameters of practical antireflection (AR) coatings for the metal-semiconductor solar cells is given. This method utilizes the measured equivalent index of refraction obtained from ellipsometry, since the surface to be AR coated has a multilayer structure. Both the experimental results and theoretical calculations of optical parameters for Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ AR coatings on Au-GaAs and Au-GaAs/sub 0.78/P/sub 0.22/ solar cells are presented for comparison. (AIP)

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The refractory nature and high ductility of body centered cubic (bcc) phase tantalum makes it a suitable material for corrosion- and wear-resistant coatings on surfaces that are subjected to high stresses and harsh chemical and erosive environments. Sputter deposition can produce thick tantalum films but is prone to forming the brittle tetragonal beta phase of this material. Efforts aimed at forming thick bcc phase tantalum coatings in both flat plate and cylindrical geometries by high-rate triode sputtering methods are discussed. In addition to substrate temperature, the bcc-to-beta phase ratio in sputtered tantalum coatings is shown to be sensitive to other substrate surface effects.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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This book describes the uses, coatings, and fabrication of laser materials. Topics considered include: optical waveguide materials; optical storage materials; holographic recording materials; phase conjunction materials; holographic recording materials; phase conjunction materials; laser crystals; laser glasses; quantum counter materials; thin films and coatings; multilayer dielectric coatings; graded-index surfaces and films; optical materials fabrication; fabrication techniques; fabrication procedures for specific materials.

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One requirement of a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) radiator is to efficiently emit photons at high temperatures to TPV cells for conversion to electric power. Because many candidate radiator materials with adequate structural properties display low emissivity, coatings or other surface modifications are required for enhancement of emissivity. Six plasma sprayed coatings and one textured surface demonstrated adequate thermal stability and emittance values of 0.8 or greater. Promising attributes of modified surfaces are identified.

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The method of production of xAl{sub 2}O{sub 3}-yTiO{sub 2} compositions provides for the depth distribution of coating components and specifies its mechanical properties. In case of the composition obtained by cladding, titanium is mainly concentrated at the substrate. In case of mechanical mixture or composition obtained by sintering the oxides, the depth distribution of coating components is random.

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The high-strength and ultra high-strength steels developed and produced by Thyssen Krupp Stahl make a major contribution to automotive lightweighting. Proven and newly-developed coatings are used to meet increasingly important corrosion protection requirements. Design for materials, optimized forming and joining processes and the use of modern simulation techniques help to exploit the potential of the new steels. Future development work will focus on reducing the density of steels without compromising their well-known advantages - in particular their strength. The use of high-strength and ultra high-strength steels in the automotive industry is on the increase. Steel will remain the material of choice for auto manufacture, above all due to its potential for cost-efficient lightweight construction and its full recyclability. (orig.) [German] Einen wesentlichen Beitrag zum Leichtbau im Automobil leisten die von Thyssen Krupp Stahl entwickelten ...

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Objective: To determine the efficacy of a covered stent prototype designed for protected carotid angioplasty to reduce cerebral embolization. Material and Method: The covered stent tested is made of nitinol, coated with a polyurethane membrane (MembraX{sup TM}; porous size 80 {mu}m). In a bench-top model (flow-rate 650 ml/min, pulsatile flow [dicrote] 123 Pulses/min, pressure 100/60 mm Hg [mean pressure 80 mmHg]) with inserted human carotid (n=6) stent implantation was performed (8/32 mm). Passed particles (mg) were determined in the effluent of a 100 {mu}m filter prior to intervention, after stent deployment and after final dilation (5 mm). Results: When stenting carotid arteries obtained from human cadavers, the highest rate of particle embolization was measured while crossing the lesion with the delivery device (6,8 mg; for all p<0,05), embolization after additional balloon angioplasty and particle rates measured in the effluent ...

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The effect of the coated composite surface of particles on the mechanical properties of the powder bed was investigated. Polyethylene-silica surface composite powder was prepared at several coating ratios with Hybridizer. Various tests on mechanical properties of the powder bed were carried out with the prepared powder, and the following results were obtained: The ultimate tensile strength depends only on the cohesive force between particles, and the contact probability model of composite particles led to good agreement between the experimental and calculated values. The coefficient of internal friction and cohesive shear strength were influenced due to the interlocking effect of the surface roughness of composite particles. The effects of coating particles became small with dynamic properties like angle of repose. It is possible to control the mechanical properties in a step wise fashion by changing the ...

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Analysis reproducibility and detection sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis (CE) are often questioned by applied scientists, which has hindered its application as a routine method. To address these issues, a simple, precise, and reproducible dynamic coating method was developed by applying carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) dynamic coating on fused silica capillary. The proposed coating was accomplished by simply rinsing the capillary with CMC solution for 1?min in between runs, with no regeneration procedure or buffer additives needed. Electroosmotic flow could be well controlled by adjusting the pH of background electrolyte, and the adsorption of analytes onto the capillary inner wall was effectively eliminated. The main parameters of the coating condition were optimized, and extensive app...

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Ion storage CeO{sub 2} and CeO{sub 2}/SnO{sub 2} coatings were prepared by sol-gel dip-coating method using aqueous-based process. The influence of added SnO{sub 2} in the CeO{sub 2} oxide coatings on the inserted/extracted charge was determined by chronocoulometric measurements. It was found that for 60 nm thick film the inserted/extracted charge was twice larger (Q = 10mC/cm{sup 2}) for films containing 17 mol % SnO{sub 2} if compared to pure CeO{sub 2}. The addition of SnO{sub 2} to the mixed oxides coatings on their optical properties and structural characteristics were studied.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The determination of residual stress (RS) in case-hardened steel gear truck synchronisers coated with thermal sprayed molybdenum was carried out using neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Two samples with different coating thicknesses (about 120 ?m and 1.4 mm) and different steel substrates (16MnCr5 and SAE4140, respectively) were investigated. Microanalysis revealed substantial porosity in both samples and some debonding was observed between the thin coating and the substrate. The bulk hardness of the SAE 4140 proved to be much higher than the 16MnCr5 and the surface case-hardening increased it by a further 20%. The full three-dimensional stress depth-profile was determined by neutron diffraction (ND) in both the coatings and the substrates, while synchrotron radiation allowed a dep...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Introduction.- Infection is the worst complication seen with inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP). Both the American Medical Systems (AMS) and Coloplast IPP have infection retardant coatings. AMS is coated at the factory with rifampicin and minocycline (InhibiZone). The Coloplast IPP has a hydrophilic coating covalently bonded to its components that will absorb any aqueous solution before implantation and provides increased surface lubricity to decrease bacterial adherence. Aim.- We tested several antibiotic dips comparing zones of inhibition (ZOI) against five commonly infecting bacteria with coated Coloplast implants. Results were compared with those ZOI created with strips of an AMS IPP precoated with InhibiZone. Methods.- Pieces of sterile Coloplast Titan IPP were dipped in (i) ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The combined processes of plasma nitriding and cathodic arc deposition of (Ti,Cr,Nb)CN coatings were applied to HSS substrates. The nitrided layers, obtained in a mixture of H2 (70%) and N2 (30%) at two different temperatures (480^oC and 510^oC), were examined for the microhardness depth profiles. Characterization of the duplex coatings was performed by investigating elemental and phase composition, texture, hardness, friction and wear. XRD and XPS analyses revealed the formation of a mixture of a carbonitride fcc solid solution, in a dominant proportion, and metallic chromium. The film hardness was measured to be ~34GPa. The duplex (Ti,Cr,Nb)CN coatings exhibited superior tribological behavior as compared to both nitrided layers and non-duplex coatings.

Science.gov (United States)

A focused ion beam (FIB) technique was applied to cross-sectional specimen preparation to observe an interface between a plasma sprayed coating and an aluminum (Al) substrate by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface of the sprayed coating film has a roughness of several tens of microns. Sputter rates for the coating film and the substrate are greatly different. The rough surface and the difference in sputter rate cause problems in making TEM specimens with smooth side walls. The top surface of the coating film was planerized by the FIB before fabricating the TEM specimen. The interfaces were investigated by TEM and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The TEM observation revealed that there is a 10 nm thick amorphous layer at the interface between the coating film and substrate. The coating film consists of two kinds of sublayers with bright and ...

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Copper coatings deposited on Al-6061 substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, to prevent the retention and permeation of energetically implanted tritium in Al-6061, were evaluated by a variety of characterization techniques. The coatings, weighing in the 0.03 to 0.088 kg/m{sup 2} range, were smooth and had a fine grain structure. They contained the intermetallic phases Cu{sub 9}Al{sub 4} and CuAl{sub 2} as well as copper. The fractions of Al and Cu in any coating increased and decreased, respectively, with increasing depth below the surface. Furthermore, the fractions of Al and Cu on the coating surface decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing coating weight. There was no texture or preferred orientation in the Cu phase of the coatings. A significant amount of oxygen was also detected at the original substrate surface. Residual stress ...

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Environmental Protection Agency Energy Management and Conservation Program ...Environmental Protection Agency Office of Administration and Resources Management 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW (3101A) ...MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 7 Energy Management Infrastructure 7 Senior Agency Official and Energy Team 7

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This guidebook organizes the profusion of rules and regulations surrounding radiation protection into a single-volume reference. Employee and public protection, accident prevention, and emergency preparedness are included in this comprehensive coverage. Whenever possible, information is presented in convenient checklists, tables, or outlines that enable you to locate information quickly.

Wastenet

...References | Radiation Protection | US EPA This page provides links to the reference material on EPA's Radiation Protection Web site. U.S. EPA/...OAR/ORIA/Radiation Protection Division Jump to main content. Radiation Protection Contact Us Search: All EPA This Area You are here: EPA Home ... Radiation Protection References PageName Technical Users General Public Reporters Librarians Students/Teachers PROGRAMS TOPICS REFERENCES References The Reference Section provides general material that support the ...other sections of EPA's Radiation Protection Web site. You will find links within the information to related pages throughout the Radiation Protection , EPA ...

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Titanium alloys are characterized by poor tribological properties, and the traditional use of titanium alloys has been restricted to nontribological applications. The deposition of a well adherent diamond coating is a promising way to solve this problem. In this study, the tribological properties of diamond-coated titanium were studied using a pin-on-disk tribometer, and the results were compared with those of pure titanium and plasma nitrided titanium. The tribological behavior of pure titanium was characterized by high coefficient of friction and rapid wear of materials. Plasma nitriding improved the wear resistance only under low normal load; however, this hardened layer was not efficient in improving the wear resistance and the friction properties under high normal load. Diamond coating on pure titanium improved the wear resistance of titanium significantly. Surface profilometry measurement indicated that little or no ...

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Today, as a result of increase in oil prices, limited fossil fuel resources, environmental consideration and global warming, the methyl ester fuels have been focused on alternative fuels. Methyl ester fuels can be used more efficiently in low heat rejection engines (LHR), in which the temperature of combustion chamber is increased by creating a thermal barrier. In this study, the piston, cylinder head, exhaust and inlet valves of a diesel engine were coated with the ceramic material Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-TiO{sub 2} by the plasma spray method. Thus, a thermal barrier was provided for the parts of the combustion chamber with these coatings. The effects of corn oil methyl ester that produced by the transesterification method, and No. D2 fuels' performance and exhaust emissions' rate were studied by using equal in every respect coated and uncoated engines. Tests were performed on the uncoated engine, and then ...

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This report outlines on the corrosive damage which is inherent to a high temperature environment and introduces on thermal spraying system taking an example of a gas turbine. The recent coatings by thermal spraying for high temperature environment are positively used in such applications as a hearth roll for continuous annealing, a roll for hot dipped steelplate, a solid electrolyte for fuel cell, boilers and rockets. The coating formed will be positively used because of a convenient thermal spraying and availability of various sprayable materials. This report describes the following items. Corrosive damage under the high temperature environment. Types of high temperature corrosive coating by a thermal spraying and utilization thereof. Outline of MCrAlX alloy, and merits thereof. Coating to a turbine wing by rduced pressure plasma thermal spraying. In general, it is urgently needed to establish the ...

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Lower cost painting flock-like in appearance and touch feeling was developed as a new surface softening method for automobile interior plastic molded parts. The base coat with the same color as piles mixed into a top coat was first painted on the surface of a plastic molded part after cleaning, and after the top coat with less pitch mixed with piles was painted on the wet base coat and dried by a heater, excess piles were removed with suction and air blowing to produce flock-like appearance. Nylon 66 of 0.4mm in length was used as piles, and mixed into the top coat by 8.0wt% in content. This painting method was applicable to even such parts as one with a complex configuration, and one impossible to set piles on it by conventional methods because of poor durability. As a certain amount of piles with different colors were mixed into the top coat, sprinkly colored ...

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A zinc/air battery is claimed whose performance is improved by omitting separating elements such as diaphragms etc. The cathode and anode spaces are separated by a collector with holes big enough to permit the electrons to pass freely while restraining the anode material. Further, the active material consists of a spherical care of inert material with a zinc coating. Under the zinc coating, the spherical particles have another thin coating of an electropositive material, e.g. nickel. The cell also contains means for circulating the anode suspension.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A stable BSA blocking poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannel was prepared based on in situ synthesized PDMS-gold nanoparticles composite films. The modified microchip could successfully suppress protein adsorption. The assembly was followed by contact angle, charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging, electroosmotic flow (EOF) measurements and electrophoretic separation methods. Contact angle measurements revealed the coated surface was hydrophilic, water contact angle for coated chips was 45.2^o compared to a water contact angle for native PDMS chips of 88.5^o. The coated microchips exhibited reproducible and stable EOF behavior. With FITC-labeled myoglobin incubation in the coated channel, no fluorescence was observed with CCD image, and the protein exhibited good electrophoretic effect in ...

Science.gov (United States)

drical Enclosures Using a Numerical Ray Tracing Technique. NASA. TM-I02527, 1990 . Buckley, H.: Radiation from the Interior of a Reflecting Cylinder. Philos. ...

Science.gov (United States)

COATINGS FOR THE METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR SOLAR CELLS 3S GIVEN. THIS METHOD UTILIZES THE MEASURED EQUIVALENT INDEX OF. REFRACTION OBTAINED FROM ELLIPSOMETRY ...

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The main purpose of solid or fluid lubricants in ball-bearings is to separate the balls and races from contacting each other in so-called asperity collisions. Steel to steel contacts lead to microwelds which roughen functional rolling-contacting surfaces and deteriorate the lubricant. By using balls with a ceramic TiC coating, two goals are achieved. First, there are fewer asperity collisions because of the extreme smoothness of the high precision polished TiC coated balls. Second, if collisions do occur, there is practically no microwelding taking place, leaving the surfaces and the lubricant in good condition. Examples are given where the bearing lifetime is increased up to 10 times if the steel balls are replaced by TiC-coated balls. (orig.).

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The refractory nature and high ductility of body centered cubic (bcc) phase tantalum makes it a suitable material for corrosion- and wear-resistant coatings on surfaces which are subjected to high stresses and harsh chemical and erosive environments. Sputter deposition can produce thick tantalum films but is prone to forming the brittle tetragonal beta phase of this material. Efforts aimed at forming thick bcc phase tantalum coatings in both flat plate and cylindrical geometries by high-rate triode sputtering methods are discussed. In addition to substrate temperature, the bcc-to-beta phase ratio in sputtered tantalum coatings is shown to be sensitive to other substrate surface effects.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Herein, we demonstrate the structure of the PS colloidal crystals which were fabricated on the hydrophilic/hydrophobic Si wafers by a spin-coating technique. Monodisperse PS colloids are spin-coated onto self-assembled monolayers of 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and propyltrimethoxysilane coated Si wafers. PS spheres organized as ordered close-packed face-centered cubic structure with (111) planes on the hydrophilic surface while they gathered without the crystal structure on the hydrophobic surface. This paper also reports a simple and rapid method to fabricate the close-packed structure of hollow TiO2 spheres. The colloidal crystal of TiO2 hollow spheres was prepared using the PS sphere template on the hydrophobic surface. The mechanism for the growing multilayers of self-assembled PS p...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ni-Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings were electrodeposited in a modified watt type of Ni-Co bath containing 20nm SiC particles to be codeposited. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were conducted to study the effect of the SiC particulates on the electrodeposition of Ni and Co. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the morphology of the Ni-Co alloy and Ni-Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings. The distribution of the particulates in the matrix was considered by means of transmission electron microscopy. Applying nanomechanical testing instruments coupled to atomic force microscopy, mechanical properties of the alloy and composite coatings were studied and compared. The presence of 11vol.% SiC in the Ni-Co matrix increased hardness more than 60%. The average depth of scratch in the mentioned ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Amino-rich polymeric coatings are widely used in biomedical applications, since they promote adsorption of diverse biomolecules or facilitate cell growth. As a consequence, there is a growing interest in fabrication of such coatings that is focused predominantly on the optimization of the deposition process in terms of high density of primary amino groups. In addition, the nature of biomedical applications requires also sufficient stability of the films in aqueous environments. This aspect is investigated in this contribution. In particular, the effect of water and phosphate buffer saline on the coatings prepared by RF magnetron sputtering of Nylon 6,6 in Ar/N2 and N2/H2 gas mixtures is evaluated. The samples exposed to liquids are characterized by various diagnostic methods and their prop...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the present study, surfaces of cylinder head, piston, exhaust and inlet valve of a four-stroke, direct injection, single cylinder diesel engine were coated with molybdenum (Mo) by plasma spray method. Thus, thermal barrier characteristic was brought to these parts. Variances in performance and emission values of cotton methyl ester and 2D fuel mixtures were studied in the ceramic coated and uncoated engines under the same running conditions. Performance (6.0% for specific fuel consumption) and emission values (up to 18.0% for CO, 8.0% for smoke density) of the test fuel were improved in the coated engine compared with the uncoated engine. NO_x increase (4.5%) with the increased temperatures expected in the coated engine.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

... biologically important compounds is sharply lowered with passage of the solutions to the cell an organ, where their sensitivity ...

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:19169052

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Commission of the European Communities has submitted a directive for the protection against microwaves. According to this directive, exposures above the upper limit established for the protection of individuals and the general population are permissible only if the respective individuals are required to submit to occupational medical control. An introductory overview is presented giving information on microwaves, applied techniques and available protective means.

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No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Micron-size Ni-base alloy (NBA) powders were mixed with both 1.5 wt.% (hereinafter %) micron-size CeO{sub 2} (m-CeO{sub 2}) and also 1.5% and 3.0% nano-size CeO{sub 2} (n- CeO{sub 2}) powders. These mixtures were coated on low-carbon steel (Q235) by 2.0 kW CO{sub 2} laser cladding. The effects on the microstructures, phases and electrochemical corrosion of the coatings upon the addition of m- and n- CeO{sub 2} powders to NBA (m- and n- CeO{sub 2} /NBA) have been investigated. The results showed that a smooth coating was prepared under suitable processing parameters (P= 2.0 kW, V= 180 mm min{sup -1}) by adding 1.5% n- CeO{sub 2}. In addition to the primary phases of {gamma}-Ni, Cr{sub 23} C{sub 6} and Ni{sub 3} B in the Ni-base alloy coating, CeNi{sub 3} was formed in Ni-base alloy coatings with both n- CeO{sub 2} and m-CeO{sub 2} particles, and CeNi{sub 5} appeared in the ...

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This safety design guide for pipe rupture protection identifies high-energy systems in which pipe ruptures must be postulated to occur, as well as systems that must be protected from the dynamic effects of such ruptures. Dynamic effects considered in this SDG consist of pipe whip (including missiles generated by pipe ruptures, if any) and jet impingement, Requirements for protection against the dynamic effects of a postulated pipe rupture and method of protection of essential structures, systems and components are specified for these effects. The change status for the regulatory requirements, code and standards should be traced and this safety design guide shall be updated accordingly. 2 tabs., 5 refs. (Author) .new.

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The feasibility of the anodic protection of titanium evaporators in Al[sub 2](SO[sub 4])[sub 3] solution was studied by the measurement of polarization curves, weight loss, solubility of passive film and AC impedance. The protection parameters and efficiency were determined. In addition, the practical technology of anodic protection was studied by screening reference electrodes and auxiliary cathodes. Throwing power was also measured. Four rows of tube-type evaporators of titanium have been anodically protected in situ. Field tests lasting more than one year shows satisfactory results. (orig.)

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PVD-coatings based on TiB{sub 2} are expected to show high wear resistance and low tendency of adhesion on metal forming tools. Coating adhesion and morphology can be modified over a wide range by varying the content of nitrogen (N{sub 2}) and the deposition parameters power and bias voltage. All coatings were deposited using commercial unbalanced magnetron equipment, the deposition was homogeneous in a volume of 400 x 400 x 400 mm{sup 3}. Hipped and hot pressed TiB{sub 2}-targets were used, nitrogen (N{sub 2}) was added as gas, Ti and Al by a solid Ti-Al-target. The tribological behaviour was tested by a pin-on-disc wear test. The coatings investigated were TiB{sub 2}, TiAlB(N), TiAl(N) and TiB{sub 2}/TiAl(N). As counterpart in the pin-on-disc wear test, 6 mm diameter spheres of steel (100Cr6), aluminium, brass and bronze were used. The experiments showed a non-uniform wear behaviour. For the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A super-hydrophobic coating was prepared by combining a rigid base film with crater-like hemispherical holes and acicular nanoparticles. The acicular boehmite powder provides a high contact angle on the film surface. The rigid base film with crater-like hemispherical holes inhibits the rapid decrease of contact angle by surface rubbing. The combination of different roughness is an effective method for improving the abrasion resistance of super-hydrophobic films.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thin solid films of CeO[sub 2] and mixed CeO[sub 2]-TiO[sub 2] were prepared by the sol-gel route via the dip-coating technique. Particulate sols of ceria were made from inorganic ((NH[sub 4])[sub 2]Ce(NO[sub 3])[sub 6]) precursor which were used for preparation of CeO[sub 2] thin solid films while CeO[sub 2]-TiO[sub 2] coatings have been made by using mixed organic-inorganic (Ti(OiPr)[sub 4] and CeCl[sub 3].7H[sub 2]O) precursors. The solar transmission values (T[sub s]) of both coatings are in the range 0.6-0.8 and depend on coating thickness. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) measurements show that the CeO[sub 2]/LiOH system exhibits higher overall electrochemical reversibility when compared to the CeO[sub 2]-TiO[sub 2]/LiOH system. The CeO[sub 2]/LiOH system is also less sensitive with regard to the coating thickness. Coulometric measurements show that CeO[sub 2] exhibits a larger ...

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A portable fiber optic detector that senses the presence of specific target chemicals by electrostatically attracting the target chemical to an aromatic compound coating on an optical fiber. Attaching the target chemical to the coated fiber reduces the fluorescence so that a photon sensing detector records the reduced light level and activates an appropriate alarm or indicator.

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Chromium nitride/Cr coating has been deposited on surface of 316L stainless steel to improve conductivity and corrosion resistance by physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology. Electrochemical behaviors of the chromium nitride/Cr coated 316L stainless steel are investigated in 0.05 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4}+2 ppm F{sup -} simulating proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) environments, and interfacial contact resistance (ICR) are measured before and after potentiostatic polarization at anodic and cathodic operation potentials for PEMFC. The chromium nitride/Cr coated 316L stainless steel exhibits improved corrosion resistance and better stability of passive film either in the simulated anodic or cathodic environment. In comparison to 316L stainless steel with air-formed oxide film, the ICR between the chromium nitride/Cr coated 316L stainless steel and carbon paper is about 30 m{omega} cm{sup 2} that is ...

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The dispersion of more than 20 vol pct submicrometer ceramic particles within a metallic matrix and the deposition of such a cermet to form a thick and tough coating presents problems. Most of the coating techniques have failed in attempting to homogeneously disperse very fine and hard particles in large amounts while avoiding their decomposition or reaction with the metal matrix during the deposition process. A simple and efficient method has been developed for producing ceramic-containing composite coatings. It consists in synthesizing cermet-based materials and in depositing them by a rapid solidification process, such as thermal spraying. Boride- and carbide-based materials have been successfully obtained by plasma spraying reactive powders comprising the basic reagents. These materials, with a microstructure of submicrometer ceramic particles dispersed in a metallic matrix, exhibit good wear-resistant properties ...

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This paper introduces a new method to produce nano-composite powder for the preparation of high performance ZnO varistors. ZnO particles were coated with Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Sb{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Co{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} and other additives via liquid nano-coating technique. Then the prepared powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravity and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and particle size distribution. The results showed that the ZnO composite powder is homogeneously coated and ultrafine. The densification, phase composition and microstructure of ZnO varistors was studied by linear shrinkage, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM, respectively. The preliminary electrical parameters of ZnO varistors showed that the breakdown voltage V {sub b} (1 mA/cm{sup 2}) and nonlinear coefficient {alpha} is 5400 V/cm and 50, respectively, much ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Multilayer mirror coatings which reflect extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation are a key enabling technology for EUV lithography. Mo/Si multilayers with reflectances of 67.5% at 13.4 nm are now routinely achieved and reflectances of 70 2% at 11.4 nm were obtained with MO/Be multilayers. High reflectance is achieved with careful control of substrate quality, layer thicknesses, multilayer materials, interface quality, and surface termination. Reflectance and film stress were found to be stable relative to the requirements for application to EUV lithography. The run-to-run reproducibility of the reflectance peak position was characterized to be better than 0.2%, providing the required wavelength matching among the seven multilayer-coated mirrors used in the present lithography system design. Uniformity of coating was improved to better than 0.5% across 150 mm diameter substrates. These improvements in EUV multilayer mirror ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The properties of polycrystalline (Ti, Al)N coatings deposited on non-nitrided, classically plasma-nitrided and low pressure plasma-nitrided AISI H11 steel samples were investigated. The plasma deposition and low pressure plasma nitriding were performed in a Z700-LH magnetron sputter ion plating unit, while a separate unit was used for plasma nitriding of specimens at a pressure of several millibars. The (Ti, Al)N coating was deposited onto all the samples using the same equipment as for the plasma deposition and low pressure plasma nitriding. For the characterization of the composite structures, the following methods were used: scratch test, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, scanning tunnelling microscopy and microhardness testing. It was found that plasma nitriding prior to coating deposition strongly affects the growth and properties of hard coatings, such as the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A device for detecting neutrons includes a semi-insulated bulk semiconductor substrate having opposed polished surfaces. A blocking Schottky contact comprised of a series of metals such as Ti, Pt, Au, Ge, Pd, and Ni is formed on a first polished surface of the semiconductor substrate, while a low resistivity ("ohmic") contact comprised of metals such as Au, Ge, and Ni is formed on a second, opposed polished surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, n-type low resistivity pinout contacts comprised of an Au/Ge based eutectic alloy or multi-layered Pd/Ge/Ti/Au are also formed on the opposed polished surfaces and in contact with the Schottky and ohmic contacts. Disposed on the Schottky contact is a neutron reactive film, or coating, for detecting neutrons. The coating is comprised of a hydrogen rich polymer, such as a polyolefin or paraffin; lithium or lithium fluoride; or a heavy metal fissionable material. By varying the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chromium containing amorphous hydrogenated carbon films (a-C : H/Cr) have been prepared by simultaneous rf plasma activated chemical vapour deposition of methane and magnetron sputtering of a chromium target. During deposition the substrates were heated (up to 300C) and DC biased (-200 and -600 V) in order to obtain films with high chemical stability. Constant temperature tests were performed at 250C in air with coatings deposited on silicon substrates. The degradation of the coatings was monitored by Raman spectroscopy and reflectance and transmission measurements. The main degradation mechanisms are discussed and the relevant parameters which improve the durability of the coatings are presented. Furthermore, the durability of solar selective, multilayered coatings which were deposited on copper sheets was investigated. Based on accelerated aging tests at different temperature loads in air (at 220C, ...

Science.gov (United States)

Correlates between immunological parameters and protection against Bacillus anthracis infection in animals vaccinated with protective antigen (PA)-based vaccines could provide surrogate markers to evaluate the putative protective efficiency of immunization in humans. In previous studies we demonstrated that neutralizing antibody levels serve as correlates for protection in guinea pigs (S. Reuveny et al., Infect. Immun. 69:2888-2893, 2001; H. Marcus et al., Infect. Immun. 72:3471-3477, 2004). In this study we evaluated similar correlates for protection by active and passive immunization of New Zealand White rabbits. Full immunization and partial immunization were achieved by single and multiple injections of standard and diluted doses of a PA-based vaccine. Passive immunization was carried out by injection of immune sera from rabbits vaccinated with PA-based vaccine prior to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have investigated the growth behaviors of high temperature compatible ZrO_2 insulation coatings on Ag and AgMg sheathed Bi_2Sr_2Ca_1Cu_2O_x superconducting tapes depending on number of dipping and thermal conditions. The coatings were fabricated on long-length superconducting tape substrates using a solution derived from Zr tetrabutoxide, solvent and chelating agent for high magnetic field magnets. The layer-on-layer growth behaviors were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray maps and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This research showed that the ZrO_2 coatings were regularly grown on Ag-based tape substrates and coating thickness increased with increasing number of dipping. It was found that ceramic oxides formed at temperature range 450 and 550 deg. C. The final coating thickness changed between 6 and 8 #mu#m ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As surface treated steel sheets, steel sheets with Zn-Fe coatings as well as double-layer steel sheets with Fe-P alloy coatings on Zn-Fe alloy coatings are often used practically. Two treatment methods, which are used to dissolve only alloy layers without dissolving steel sheets in order to find amount and composition of alloy layersr have already been reported. This report investigates the mechanisms of these methods, particularly the mechanisms to control dissolution of steel sheets. In the alkali-dissolution method, Zn-Fe alloy coatings are dissolved in a strong alkaline solution(NaOH-triethanolamine (TEA)-H{sub 2}O{sub 2}). In this case, steel sheets are insoluble because passive films are formed on the surface. In the cathodic polarization electrolysis method, alloy layers are electrolyzed({minus}l.2V) and dissolved in an ammonium nitrate-0-phen electrolyte. At this potential, dissolution of steel ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, the effects of channel surface wettability, cross-sectional geometry and orientation on the two-phase flow in parallel gas channels of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are investigated. Ex situ experiments were conducted in flow channels with three different surface wettability (hydrophilically coated, uncoated, and hydrophobically coated), three cross-sectional geometries (rectangular, sinusoidal and trapezoidal), and two orientations (vertical and horizontal). Flow pattern map, individual channel flow variation due to maldistribution, pressure drop and flow visualization images were used to analyze the two-phase flow characteristics. It is found that hydrophilically coated gas channels are advantageous over uncoated or slightly hydrophobic channels regarding un...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The formation of a porous coating is the decisive feature for the bio-compatibility of silica-free calcium phosphate glass ceramics on alloy surfaces like the #beta#-Ti structured Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr used in this work. The ceramic composition is highly important: 50CaO-40P_2O_5-7Na_2O-3TiO_2 glass powder produces a pore-free coating unable to bind hydroxyapatite, whereas 60CaO-30P_2O_5-7Na_2O-3TiO_2 glass incorporates pores from which a crystalline hydroxyapatite phase can grow over the surface from simulated body fluid (see Figure). (Abstract Copyright [2003], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Apparatus for solid-phase antibody separation techniques used in radioimmunoassays is described in this invention. It consists of a rectangular prism tray with multiple wells protruding into its interior from one side. Near the base of the tray is an orifice used for creating evacuated condition within the structure. At the base of each well there is an orifice of such size and shape as to retain an aqueous liquid under given pressure conditions but permit the evacuation of this liquid at reduced pressure. The outlet of these orifices is in the shape of an inverted conical frustrum. Each of the wells contains an antibody coated disc of porous cellulose paper surrounded by a plastic support. The porous nature of the cellulose paper ensures contact between the antibody coating and the antigen. The use of antibody coated porous cellulose paper in combination with the vacuum operated apparatus simplifies the manipulative steps ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, a novel graphene nanosheets (GNSs) coated solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber was prepared by immobilizing microwave synthesized GNSs on a stainless steel wire. Microwave synthesized GNSs were verified by X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). GNS-SPME fiber was characterized using FE-SEM and the results showed the GNS coating was homogeneous, porous, and highly adherent to the surface of the stainless steel fiber. The performance and feasibility of the GNS-SPME fiber was evaluated under one-step microwave assisted (MA) headspace (HS) SPME followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection for five organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in aqueous samples. Parameters influencing the extra...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Protection afforded by trialkyl phosphorothionates against the lung injury caused by trialkyl phosphorothiolates probably results from the inhibition by the P = S moiety of the thionates, of one or...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundSurrogate immunologic markers for natural and vaccine-mediated protection against tuberculosis (TB) have not been identified.MethodsHIV-infected...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Conference paper regarding research in freeze-protection methods that could extend market acceptance for passive solar domestic water heating systems in more northern climates if the U.S.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Regulation of localized extracellular pH (pH_o) maintains normal organ function. An alkaline microclimate overlying the duodenal enterocyte brush border protects the mucosa from luminal acid....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Available in vitro and animal studies have shown cancer protective effects of tea polyphenols. Recent study suggests a greater protective effect of green tea intake on breast cancer...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

...2010-10-01 false Standards for health information technology to protect electronic health information...DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS, IMPLEMENTATION...

Science.gov (United States)

...retardation, behavioral disorders or...blood. (3) Health protection goals...protecting your health. You are strongly...an independent analysis. The two...impairment of health. One of...although most cases of lead-induced...in the form of behavioral...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The survey of radiation protection programmes for transport has been jointly performed by three scientific organisations I.P.S.N. (France), G.R.S. ( Germany), and N.R.P.B. (United kingdom) on behalf of the European Commission and the pertaining documentation summarises the findings and conclusions of the work that was undertaken with the principal objectives to provide guidance on the establishment, implementation and application of radiation protection programmes for the transport of radioactive materials by operators and the assessment and evaluation of such programmes by the competent authority and to review currently existing radiation protection programmes for the transport of radioactive materials. (N.C.)

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

... Khobar Towers bombing in three ways. The first was to revaluate the force posture in the Arabian Gulf region. This led to ...

Science.gov (United States)

... CHLOROPICRIN LEAKAGE TEST Of THE M17 PPRDOtCTIVE MASK EQUIPPED WITH DRINKING AND RESUSCITATION DEVICIS WORN BY ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Sciences, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba (Japan) Hafez,

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Modern microprocessor-based relays for the protection of the various power system components such as generators, transformers, feeders, and high voltage transmission lines are becoming more sophisticated as increasingly more complex functions and capabilities can be included in the microprocessor. With this increasing complexity, and the increasing complexity of the power system itself, there is even more value in testing the suitability of relaying equipment for the intended applications. This paper reviews the testing philosophy, experience, and capabilities developed at Ontario Hydro over more than 25 years of testing protective relays.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A motor drive chassis has been developed for use in the Plutonium Protection System. Rotation of the desired carrousel in a secure storage module is controlled by this chassis which supplies the power and drive pulses required by the carrousel motor. This work was sponsored by the Department of Energy/Office of Safeguards and Security (DOE/OSS) as part of the overall Sandia Fixed Physical Protection Program.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A summary is given of the 1983 NRPB-GS1 Report on the 'Radiological protection objectives for the disposal of solid radioactive wastes'. The two principal difficulties in applying the ICRP system of dose limitation to some solid waste disposal methods are outlined. Despite these difficulties three radiological protection objectives for waste disposal were recommended based on the same fundamental principle as ICRP recommendations.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This standard addresses the design bases for light water reactor, nuclear power plant structures and components essential for the protection of public health and safety from the potential adverse effects of pipe whip, jet impingement, pressurization of compartments outside containment, environmental conditions and flooding associated with a postulated pipe rupture. The design bases for missile protection and the design bases for containment pressurization are not within this standard.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This standard addresses the design bases for light water reactor, nuclear power plant structures and components essential for the protection of public health and safety from the potential adverse effects of pipe whip, jet impingement, pressurization of compartments outside containment, environmental conditions and flooding associated with a postulated pipe rupture. The design bases for missile protection and the design bases for containment pressurization are not within this standard.

Science.gov (United States)

Oct 20, 1997 ... The following requirements apply to the solar array: ..... housings will be coated with material meeting the program's outgassing requirements. ... The solar array temperature testing requirements will be determined by analysis. .... The ADS also generates attitude products for the project and science team. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the present paper the tribological behavior of the coatings are discussed. Duplex coatings were applied on cold working steel 100Cr6. Samples were plasma nitrided at different thickness of plasma surface layers. TiN was deposited with a classic BALZERS PVD equipment and subsequent ion implantation. Ion implantation was provided with N{sup 5+} ions. The other samples were produced with IBAD technology in DANFYSIK chamber. Wear resistance and exchanges of friction coefficient were measured with on-line test using special designed tribology equipment. Following the tests, the wear zone morphology and characteristics of surface layer structure as well as important properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Scratch adhesion testing was performed using commercially available equipment. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) of the wear-scars on pins provided essential information on ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We tried to apply a quartz crystal as a sensor by using the resonant frequency and the resistance properties of quartz crystals. Four kinds of fatty acids that have the same head groups were coated on the surfaces of the quartz crystals, and the shift of the resonant frequency and the resistance were observed based on the lengths of the tail groups. Myristic acid (C{sub 14}), palmitic acid (C{sub 16}), stearic acid (C{sub 18}), and arachidic acid (C{sub 20}) were deposited on the surfaces of quartz crystals by using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method. As a result, the resonant frequency change was more sensitive to high molecular-weight fatty acids than to low molecular-weight ones. We also observed the effect of temperature on stearic acid LB films, and the response properties of quartz crystals coated with stearic-acid LB films to organic gases were investigated. As a result, the sensitivity of quartz crystals to organic gases was higher for ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In recent years, the interest in the use of bacteria for biological control of plant-pathogenic fungi has increased. We studied the possible side effects of coating barley seeds with the antagonistic...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An immunoassay employing ¹²⁵I-labeled enterotoxin B and polystyrene tubes coated with specific antibody was used for assaying purified and crude enterotoxin. Antibody was adsorbed to untreated...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Enzymes are versatile catalysts in laboratories and on an industrial scale; improving their immobilization would be beneficial to broadening their applicability and ensuring their (re)use. Lipid-coated...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As a result of health and safety issues surrounding the use of radioactive materials on coated optical components, there has been renewed interest in coating materials whose optical and mechanical properties approach those offered by their radioactive counterparts. Due to the radioactive nature of ThF{sub 4} and its widespread use in optical coatings, the coating industry is examining other low index and non-radioactive fluorides as possible alternatives. In this paper, the authors present the results of an experimental study on the optical and mechanical properties of thermally evaporated ThF{sub 4}, DyF{sub 3}, CeF{sub 3}, LiF, HfF{sub 4}, IRX, and IRB thin films, where the materials were deposited at different substrate temperatures. The objective is to examine this series of fluorides under comparable deposition conditions and with respect to such material properties as: n and k, film stress, and ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A latex agglutination (LA) test was evaluated for the detection of human rotaviruses in stool specimens. Both antiserum and immunoglobulin G (IgG)-sensitized latex particles were used, with IgG-coated...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes the evaluation of antibody coated polystyrene beads using "1"2"5I-labelled T_3 ("1"2"5I-T_3). (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Magnetic particles (MAG*SEP"S"M) coated with various absorbents were evaluated for the separation and recovery of low concentrations of cesium from nuclear waste solutions. The MAG*SEP"S"M particles were coated with (1) clinoptilolite, (2) transylvanian volcanic tuff, (3) resorcinol formaldehyde, and (4) crystalline silico-titanate, and then were contacted with a Hanford supernatant simulant. Particles coated with the crystalline silico-titanate were identified by Bradtec as having the highest capacity for cesium removal under the conditions tested (variation of pH, ionic strength, cesium concentration, and absorbent/solution ratio). The MAG*SEP"S"M particles coated with resorcinol formaldehyde had high distribution ratios values and could also be used to remove cesium from Hanford supernant simulant. Gamma irradiation studies were performed on the MAG*SEP"S"M particles with a gamma dose equivalent to ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay employing ¹²⁵I-labeled enterotoxins and polystyrene tubes coated with specific antibody has been developed for assaying the relative concentrations of antibodies...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Effects of dopant and coating carbon nanotube on anodic performance of Si were studied for metallic anode Li ion rechargeable battery with large capacity. Although the large Li intercalation capacity higher than 1500mAhg{sup -1} is exhibited on pure Si, it decreased drastically with increasing cycle number. Increasing the electrical conductivity by doping Cr or B is effective for increasing the initial capacity and the cycle stability of Si for Li intercalation. Coating semiconductive Si with the carbon nanotube by decomposition of hydrocarbon is effective for increasing the cycle stability, though the initial Li intercalation capacity slightly decreased. Conducting binder is also important for increasing the cycle stability and it was found that Li intercalation capacity higher than 1500mAhg{sup -1} can be sustained by using poly vinyliden fruolide. Consequently, reversible Li intercalation capacity of 1500mAhg{sup -1} was successfully ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strippable or temporary coatings are innovative technologies for decontamination that effectively reduce loose contamination at low cost. These coatings have become a viable option during the deactivation and decommissioning of both US Department of Energy (DOE) and commercial nuclear facilities to remove or fix loose contamination on both vertical and horizontal surfaces. The ALARA{trademark} 1146 strippable coating was demonstrated as part of the Savannah River Site LSDDP and successfully removed transferable (surface) contamination from multiple surfaces (metal and concrete) with an average decontamination factor for alpha contamination of 6.68 and an average percentage of alpha contamination removed of 85.0%. Beta contamination removed was an average DF of 5.55 and an average percentage removed of 82.0%. This paper is an Innovative Technology Summary Report designed to provide potential users with the information they ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

DNA antoantibodies in serum will bind to antigen-coated polystyrene tubes and can be detected by radiolabelled anti-immunoglobulin. The method is quantitative, gives information on the antibody class...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laser surface alloying with gaseous nitrogen was utilized to improve the wear resistance of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Wear-resistant composite coatings reinforced by hard TiN dendrites were produced 'in-situ' on a substrate of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The hardness and wear resistance of the laser alloyed coating under two-body abrasive and block-on-ring full-sliding wear conditions were significantly enhanced. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A series of ball-on-disc wear and friction measurements were made for surfaces which have a chemical vapour deposition carbon silicon alloy layer on a carbon substrate (fine grain POCO graphite). Nitrogen ion irradiation was used to improve the wear resistance of the carbon alloy surface. For comparison, measurements were also taken for alumina against alumina. It was found that the lowest friction coefficient and lowest wear occurred for ion irradiated coated samples containing 4% Si in the alloy and that the performance was superior to that of alumina. ((orig.)).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The performance of a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) converter for solar energy is compared with that of direct solar energy conversion by silicon and germanium solar cells. The optical selectivity of an intermediate emitter is computed. Experimental results on selective emission, based on selectively emitting materials and on antireflection coatings on metals, are reported. For a TPV converter equipped with silicon solar cells, no selective emitter is found to yield better results than would be obtained by direct conversion. A TPV converter with germanium cells operating with a ThO/sub 2/-coated tungsten emitter, however, may achieve a conversion efficiency superior to that of direct solar energy conversion by either silicon or germanium solar cells.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The principle is described of a method using low-activity emitters as the primary radiation source for analysis. The selection of the radiation source and the detection methods including the assessment of the applicability of various radiation detectors are discussed. The benefits and the constraints of the method are considered. Practical examples are presented showing the application possibilities of the method for testing the thickness of bearing layers, piston ring coats, lead layers, etc. The possibility is shown of applying the rapid test for the composition of tungsten and chromium alloyed metal materials in testing complex systems. (J.K.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study samples of AISI 4140 steel were pretreated by plasma nitriding and coated with two different physical vapour deposited coatings (TiN and TiAlN). A hardened AISI 4140 sample and a coated sample were also included in the investigation. To examine the influence of the nitrided zone on the performance of the coating-substrate composite, two different nitriding conditions - a conventional 25% N{sub 2} and an N{sub 2}-poor gas mixture - were used. The specimens were investigated with respect to their microhardness, surface roughness, scratch adhesion and dry sliding wear resistance. Wear tests in which the duplex-treated pins were mated to hardened ball bearing steel discs were performed in a pin-on-disc machine under dry sliding conditions. Metallography, scanning electron microscopy and profilometry were used to analyse the worn surfaces in order to determine the dominant friction and wear ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In support of the efforts to apply ceramics in advanced heat engines, a study was made of the sliding performance of ceramics at the ring/cylinder interface of low heat rejection engines. The objective was to understand the basic mechanisms controlling the wear of candidate ceramics and thereby identify means for applying these ceramics effectively. Attempts to operate three different zirconias, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and several plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings without lubrication were unsuccessful because of high friction and high wear rates. Experiments using a polyalphaolefin lubricant at temperatures to 260 C identified several combinations having wear rates in the general range likely to be acceptable for engines. Plasma-sprayed coatings of chromium oxide and hypersonic powder flame sprayed coatings of cobalt-bonded tungsten carbide performed particularly well as ring coatings. Similar ...

Science.gov (United States)

Natural bone consists of hard nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) in a nanostructured protein-based soft hydrogel template (ie, mostly collagen). For this reason, nanostructured HA has been an intriguing coating material on traditionally used titanium for improving orthopedic applications. In addition, helical rosette nanotubes (HRNs), newly developed materials which form through the self-assembly process of DNA base pair building blocks in body solutions, are soft nanotubes with a helical architecture that mimics natural collagen. Thus, the objective of this in vitro study was for the first time to combine the promising attributes of HRNs and nanocrystalline HA on titanium and assess osteoblast (bone-forming cell) functions. Different sizes of nanocrystalline HA were synthesized in this study through a wet chemical precipitation process following either hydrothermal treatment or sintering. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that HRNs aligned with ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The book presents a very good account of all aspects of protection from ionizing radiation. The quantities and units are given and defined used in nuclear physics and dosimetry. The effects of ionizing radiation on cells and on man are described. The principles are presented of radiation protection including limits and valid regulations and decrees. Also discussed is internal irradiation and its modelling. A great part of the book is devoted to aspects of monitoring persons, the living and working environment and to the determination of internal contamination. The system of radiation protection in Czechoslovakia is described and some practical questions are discussed of protection during radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy, in the nuclear fuel cycle, in the operation of nuclear power installations and in crack detection. In conclusion a survey is given of the population exposure from various natural and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

There are many differences between industrial CT and industrial radiography, such as imaging principle, inspection time, radiation dose and the requirements for operators etc. The national standards for radiation protection of industrial detection are not applicable to the requirements of protection and safety for #gamma#-ray industrial CT to some extent now. In order to standardize the production and use for #gamma#-ray industrial CT, protect the safety of operators and the public, and to promote the popularization and application of #gamma#-ray industrial CT, it is significant to establish the national standards for radiation protection of #gamma#-ray industrial CT as soon as possible. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the contents of this standard, and specify some important terms. Then there is a brief discussion on the existing problems during establishing such standards. At last, the paper ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This works evaluates by punctuation the performance in conventional Brazilian industries radiation protection area which make use of small industrial gauges and industrial radiography. It proposes, procedures for industry self-evaluation, besides a new radiation protection plans pattern for the small industrial gauges area. The data source where inspection reports of Dosimetry Radiation Protection Institute/Nuclear Energy Commission conventional Brazilian industries' radiation protection plans, beyond visitation to the inspection place. The performance evaluation has been realized both in the administrative and operational aspects of the industries. About of 60% of the industries have a satisfactory register control which does not happen to the operational control. The performance evaluation advantage is that industries may self-evaluate, foreseeing Dosimetry Radiation ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The thermal stability of low-friction Me-C/a-C:H coatings is important for their potential applications in the tool and automotive industry. Recently we showed that CrC _x/a-C:H coatings prepared by unbalanced magnetron sputtering of a Cr target in Ar + CH_4 glow discharges exhibit a nanocomposite structure where metastable fcc CrC nanocrystals are encapsulated by an a-C:H phase. Here, we present the structural evolution of these nanocomposite CrC/a-C:H coatings during annealing. High-temperature X-ray diffraction in vacuum and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) combined with thermo-gravimetric analysis in Ar atmosphere indicate decomposition of the formed metastable fcc CrC phase and subsequent formation of Cr_3C_2 and Cr_7C_3 and structural transformation of the a-C:H matrix phase towards higher sp"2 bonding contents at temperatures above 450 deg. C. Combined DSC and mass spectrometer analysis as well as elemental ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text of publication follows: As SiCf/SiC composites are very low activation materials, their use as structural material for the reactor blanket and first wall components appears essential to demonstrate the potential of D-T fusion power reactor. Positive features of SiCf/SiC are their high performances at elevated operating temperature and the ability to produce a specific component. Critical issues of SiCf/SiC are the mechanical properties, radiation stability and, with regard to technological issues, their hermeticity and joining processes. Improvement of joining processes for SiC/SiC components is also needed. Recently, several blanket designs have been studied: the TAURO blanket concept in the European Union, the ARIESAT concept in the US and the DREAM concept in Japan. In those reactors, hermetic SiCf/SiC or self-sealing coatings are mandatory. The basic idea of self sealing concept is to manufacture a coating with specific ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The surface of low alloy steel (En40B) has been engineered in the plasma of a glow discharge via plasma nitriding and ion plating of titanium nitride (TiN) coatings on the nitrided substrates with the purpose of enhancing the surface properties and fatigue strength. The nitriding response of the steel has been accessed by the evaluation of phase composition, layer thickness, hardness profile, residual stresses and nitrogen and carbon distributions. The wear and fatigue characteristics of the plasma-nitrided steel have been investigated and simple models have been developed to describe the influence of such properties as depth and strength of the nitrided case on the fatigue limit and load-bearing capacity of the nitrided steel. In order to further improve the tribological properties and load-bearing capacity of the low alloy steel, a duplex plasma surface-engineering technique has been developed. This is achieved by plasma nitriding the steel first so as to produce ...

Environmental Research Database

Summary'THE ROLE OF THE UK PLANNING SYSTEM IN PROTECTING AND ENHANCING SOILS PROJECT REF: UKLQ01 APRIL 2004 INTRODUCTION Soil has long been overlooked in environmental planning. Whilst it has sometimes benefited from indirect protection, until recently its importance and vulnerability have not been reflected in more explicit strategies. This study explored the current and potential role of the planning system in protecting and enhancing soils. Soil is the physical material that covers much o [continued...]DescriptionSNIFFER has commissioned this study on behalf of SEPA, SNH, EHS and the Environment Agency for England and Wales. These UK agencies have an interest in protecting soil quality through a combination of direct regulation of emissions to land, protection of designated sites of special value or sensitivity and engaging other regulatory regimes such as land use planning. All ...