p450-mediated drug interaction: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

Analysis of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Cephalexin and Quinapril by a Nonlinear Mixed-Effect Model

OBJECTIVES:To investigate the prevalence of potential drug interactions at the intensive care unit of a university hospital in Brazil and to analyze their clinical significance.METHODS:This...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

3

Highly Porous, Water-Soluble, Superparamagnetic, and Biocompatible Magnetite Nanocrystal Clusters for Targeted Drug Delivery.

Oligopeptidic drugs such as β-lactams and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors share the same carriers in humans and animals, which results in possible pharmacokinetic interactions. To model...Full Text Available

1998-06-01

4

Interactions between organic anions on multiple transporters in Caco-2 cells.

Magnetic particles have become very promising materials for drug delivery. However, preparation of magnetite particles with high surface area, biocompatibility, strong magnetic response, and suitable particle size still remains a major challenge. In this report, magnetite nanocrystal clusters with high surface areas were fabricated through a solvothermal process by introducing ammonium acetate as a porogen and trisodium citrate as a surface modification agent. The porosity, which was controlled by the reactant concentration, has been investigated in detail. The surface area of the nanocrystal clusters was as high as 141?m(2) g(-1) . Ibuprofen, as a model drug, was entrapped into the magnetite carriers. The interfacial interaction between the carboxylic groups on the drug molecules and the carboxylate groups on the carriers enhanced the loading efficiency. Low cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell and in vitro ...

2011-09-27

5

Linking Gene Expression and Functional Network Data in Human Heart Failure

In drug development, Caco-2 cells are often employed to study the influence of membrane transporters on drug permeability. The aim of the current study was to characterize permeability and kinetic parameters of selected organic anionic compounds in Caco-2 cells, and to investigate whether the Caco-2 cell line may be used as an overall model to predict interactions on multiple membrane transporters in the intestine. Taurocholic acid (TCA) and estrone-3-sulfate (E(1) S) were used as model substrates. Possible inhibitors studied were TCA, E(1) S, taurolithocholic acid, fluvastatin, and glipizide. The effects of these compounds on initial uptake, apparent permeability, and intracellular end-point accumulations of the probe substrates were studied. Both interactions on apical and basolateral influx transporters were observed. These interactions were proposed to be mediated mainly by the ...

2011-05-23

6

Interactions of Antibiotics and Methanolic Crude Extracts of Afzelia Africana (Smith.) Against Drug Resistance Bacterial Isolates

BackgroundGene expression profiling and the analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks may support the identification of disease bio-markers and potential drug targets....Full Text Available

7

Albumin binding of insulins acylated with fatty acids: characterization of the ligand-protein interaction and correlation between binding affinity and timing of the insulin effect in vivo.

Infection due to multidrug resistance pathogens is difficult to manage due to bacterial virulence factors and because of a relatively limited choice of antimicrobial agents. Thus, it is imperative to...Full Text Available

8

Layered double hydroxide as novel antibacterial drug delivery system

Albumin is a multifunctional transport protein that binds a wide variety of endogenous substances and drugs. Insulins with affinity for albumin were engineered by acylation of the epsilon-amino group...Full Text Available

1995-12-15

9

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The cephalosporin class antibacterial agent, cefazolin, was intercalated into layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in order to improve the drug efficiency as well as to achieve the controlled release property. Cefazolin molecules were incorporated into LDH through conventional ion exchange reaction. X-ray diffraction pattern analyses confirmed that cefazolin molecules were intercalated between the interlayer spaces of LDH. Fourier-transform infrared spectra and high performance liquid chromatographs clearly showed that the drug molecules were stabilized in LDH lattice through electrostatic interaction and released without any changes in their chemical integrity. Antibacterial activity of the cefazolin-LDH nanohybrid was also examined by an in vitro test, such as the minimal inhibitory concentr...

2010-01-01

10

Investigating the effect of an arterial hypertension drug on the structural properties of plasma protein

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Propanolol is a betablocker drug used in the treatment of arterial hypertension related diseases. In order to achieve an optimal performance of this drug it is important to consider the possible interactions of propanolol with plasma proteins. In this work, we have used several experimental techniques to characterise the effect of addition of the betablocker propanolol on the properties of bovine plasma fibrinogen (FB). Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), circular dichroism (CD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), surface tension techniques and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements have been combined to carry out a detailed physicochemical and surface characterization of the mixed system. As a result, DSC measurements show that propranolol can play two opposite roles, either acting ...

2011-01-01

11

Spectroscopic investigation of tetracycline interaction with phospholipid Langmuir-Blodgett films

Antibiotic interaction with phospholipid monolayers

A widely used veterinary antibiotic, tetracycline (TC), has been incorporated in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (DPPA) by means of two different procedures: co-transfer and incubation in solution. The resulting structures were characterized by means of contact angle and ellipsometric measurements. The presence of the antibiotic in the phospholipid film was evidenced by means of UV-Vis electronic absorption and infrared vibrational spectroscopy. The two sets of measurements unambiguously indicated the presence of the drug in the LB layer films obtained with both methods, although incubation led to a smaller content of immobilized tetracycline. In both cases, the drug was found to reside in the hydrophilic portion of the layers due to specific interactions of the dimethylamino group of the molecule with the polar head groups of the phospholipid.

2002-12-01

12

We studied the interactions of tetracycline (TC) antibiotic molecules with phospholipid monolayers with the two-fold aim of elucidating the mechanism of action and providing a first step for the realization of bio-mimetic sensors for such drugs by means of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. We examined spreading monolayers of three phospholipids in the presence of tetracycline in the subphase by means of surface pressure-area and surface potential-area isotherms as a function of bulk pH. We selected phospholipids with hydrophobic chains of the same length but polar head groups differing either in dimensions and protonation equilibria, i.e. dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) and dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (DPPA). The interaction of tetracycline with the three phospholipids was found to be highly dependent on the electric charge of the antibiotic and on the ionization state of ...

2002-12-01

13

Sunscreen

[Drug therapy of hypertension in locomotive engineers].

... Animal & Veterinary Cosmetics Radiation-Emitting Products Tobacco Products Drugs Home > Drugs > Resources for You > Information for Consumers (Drugs) Section ...

14

Evidence for involvement of the astrocytic benzodiazepine receptor in the mechanism of action of convulsant and anticonvulsant drugs

PMID:6840598

1983-02-01

15

An animal model of social instability stress in adolescence and risk for drugs of abuse

The anticonvulsant drugs carbamazepine, phenobarbital, trimethadione, valproic acid and ethosuximide at pharmacologically relevant concentrations inhibit (/sup 3/H)diazepam binding to astrocytes in primary cultures but have much less effect on a corresponding preparation of neurons. Phenytoin as well as pentobarbital (which is not used chronically as an anticonvulsant) are equipotent in the two cell types. The convulsants picrotoxinin and pentylenetetrazol, the convulsant benzodiazepine RO 5-3663 and the two convulsant barbiturates DMBB and CHEB similarly inhibit diazepam binding to astrocytes but have little effect on neurons. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that these convulsants and anticonvulsants owe at least part of their effect to an interaction with the astrocytic benzodiazepine receptor, perhaps by interference with a calcium channel.

1988-01-01

16

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

There is increasing evidence that adolescence, like early life, is a sensitive period in which ongoing brain development can be influenced by environmental factors. This review describes our use of social instability as a model of mild adolescent social stress, its effects on social interactions and on hypothalamic?pituitary?adrenal function over the course of the procedure and in response to new stressors. The effects of social instability are sex-specific, with qualitative differences between the sexes on HPA function over the course of the stressor procedure, and with greater effects in males on behaviour observed during the social instability and greater effects in females on behavioural responses to drugs of abuse into adulthood, long after the stress exposure. The results from invest...

2010-01-01

17

Studies on the interaction of lidocaine with plasma proteins

The inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma from animal cells by intercalating drugs.

This study sought to quantitate lidocaine's interaction with alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), human serum albumin (HSA), and AAG in the presence of HSA, and to determine the extent of displacement of lidocaine from its binding site(s) by selected cardiovascular drugs (dipyridamole, disopyramide and quinidine). Since the limited experimental work reported in this area has involved the use of a single lidocaine concentration, this study involved the evaluation of a range of lidocaine concentrations. Lidocaine interaction with plasma proteins (AAG and HSA) was studied at 37/sup 0/C using an isothermal equilibrium dialysis system and /sup 14/C-lidocaine HCl. A dialysis membrane (M.W. cutoff 12,000 to 14,000) separated the two chambers of each dialysis cell. The extent of /sup 14/C-lidocaine dialysis was studied with respect to both drug and protein concentrations. Aliquots of each chamber of each ...

1985-01-01

18

Multivariate analyses reveal common and drug specific genetic influences on responses to four drugs of abuse

DNA polymerase gamma from purified nuclei of EMT-6 cells (mice) seems to be identical to the mitochondrial DNA polymerase from the same source following several criteria. These two enzyme activities are strongly inhibited by ethidium bromide and acriflavin, while proflavin, acridine orange, daunomycin and chloroquine inhibition is less pronounced. In the case of DNA polymerases alpha and beta very little inhibition by ethidium bromide was observed. Intercalation of this dye in a poly dA-dT 12-18 template-primer was studied spectrophotometrically under conditions similar to those in the in vitro DNA polymerase assay. The polymerase assay. The inhibition by this drug of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma activity was shown to be competitive at varying concentrations of TTP while the inhibition was of the non-competitive type at different concentrations of poly dA-dT 12-18. We conclude that the drug, most probably in the intercalated form, is ...

1978-06-01

19

Antidepressant-like synergism of extracts from magnolia bark and ginger rhizome alone and in combination in mice.

Vulnerability to abused drugs is influenced by multiple genes unique to each drug as well as to risk genes for polydrug abuse. If several inbred mouse strains respond to different drugs similarly,...Full Text Available

2008-11-01

20

Surgical adjuvant therapy in colon carcinoma: a human tumor spheroid model for evaluating radiation sensitizing agents

Magnolia bark and ginger rhizome is a drug pair in many prescriptions for treatment of mental disorders in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, compatibility and synergism mechanism of two herbs on antidepressant actions have not been reported. The aim of this study was to approach the rationale of the drug pair in TCM. We evaluated antidepressant-like effects of mixture of honokiol and magnolol (HMM), polysaccharides (PMB) from magnolia bark, essential oil (OGR) and polysaccharides (PGR) from ginger rhizome alone, and the possibility of synergistic interactions in their combinations in the mouse forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NE) levels in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum were also examined. 30 mg/kg HMM decreased immobility in the FST and TST in mice after one- and two-week treatment. OGR (19.5 or 39 mg/kg) alone was ineffective. The ...

2009-03-11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

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[The prevention of drug abuse and dependence in a military unit].

HT-29 human colon tumor cells growing as spheroids have been evaluated as a model system for measuring the response of human colon tumor cell to antineoplastic agents. HT-29 cells have been capacity to form spheroids up to 1 mm or more in diameter when grown in spinner culture. The multicellular HT-29 spheroids develop hypoxic centers reflecting the cellular conditions found in human cancer treatment, i.e., nutritionally deficient hypoxic cells that are felt to be a significant source of both radiation and chemotherapy clinical treatment failures. Spheroids of increasing size were radiated and then dispersed into single cells for colony survival assay. Compared with irradiated single cell suspensions, the spheroid cells demonstrated a significant increase in radioresistance. Growing spheroids developed a complex radiation survival curve which was variable with respect to size of the spheroid. The drug 5-Fu was studied to examine in a preliminary fashion its ...

22

Themed issue: Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery.

PMID:1481407

1992-10-01

23

Synthetic and bioengineered products in nuclear medicine and drug delivery

PMID:20636852

2010-06-01

24

Current and potential future drug treatments for osteoporosis.

No abstract prepared.

1999-07-01

25

Convection-enhanced delivery of maghemite nanoparticles: Increased efficacy and MRI monitoring

There has been a major interest in the drug treatment of osteoporosis and an increase in the number of drugs available in most countries. The ideal drug (one which increases or restores bone density...Full Text Available

1996-10-01

26

Whatever Happened to the "War on Drugs"?

Convection-enhanced drug delivery (CED) is a novel approach to delivering drugs into brain tissue. Drugs are delivered continuously via a catheter, enabling large volume distributions of high drug concentrations...Full Text Available

2008-04-01

27

Rubidium uptake by mouse pancreatic islets exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine, ninhydrin, or other generators of hydroxyl radicals

... Accession Number : ADA518761. Title : Whatever Happened to the "War on Drugs"? Descriptive Note : Journal article. Corporate ...

28

Solute carrier transporters as targets for drug delivery and pharmacological intervention for chemotherapy

The purpose was to study the toxicity of drugs known to generate free radicals on isolated pancreatic islets. The accumulattion of "8"6Rb"+ by mouse pancreatic islets was measured in vitro. Exposing the islets to 6-hydroxydopamine, minhydrin, or phenazine methosulphate + NADH inhibited the Rb"+ uptake, whereas paraquat or acetylphenylhydrazine had no effect. This effect of 6-hydroxydopamine was prevented by either of the hydroxyl radical scavengers, sodium benzoate and mannitol, but not by the non-scavenger,urea; ninhydrin was partially protected against by mannitol but not by benzoate. Protection against 6-hydroxydopamine was also afforded by D-glucose but not by L-glucose or 3-O-methyl-D-glucose; none of the sugars protected against ninhydrin. In damaging islet beta-cells and in being protected against by D-glucose, 6-hydroxydopamine closely resembles the diabetogenic drug, alloxan. It is suggested that protection against alloxan may involve ...

29

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Many solute carrier transporters that interact with anticancer agents and contribute to their pharmacokinetics have been shown to be differentially upregulated in cancer cells as a result of adaptive response to altered nutritional requirements. This review focuses on pathophysiological function of membrane transporters responsible for the influx of physiological substances including oligopeptides, amino acids, and organic cations and anions, and summarizes the recent knowledge regarding mechanisms in their gene expressions. Broad substrate specificity of enhanced oligopeptide H+/peptide cotransporter 1 activity in cancer cells is useful for tumor tissue-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and positron emission tomography diagnostic probes. Amino acid transporters such as...

2011-01-01

30

Pyridostigmine interaction with soman during chronic exposure in rodents. Interim report, February-November 1987

Radiation treatment of crude drugs. Development of suitable methods of detection. Strahlenbehandlung von Arzneidrogen. Entwicklung geeigneter Nachweismethoden

The effects of repeated low-level nerve agent exposure on animal performance and lethality are a major concern of USAF Medical Research. This concern has generated interest in the role that pretreatment drugs such as pyridostigmine may play during simultaneous exposure to soman. This role was investigated by recording lethality, weights, symptoms, and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition in rats chronically exposed to 4 levels of soman (32, 39, 48 or 59 micrograms/kg/day) while simultaneously receiving 10.0 milligrams/kg/day pyridostigmine, 1.0 milligrams/kg/day pyridostigmine, or vehicle via an osmotic pump. No effect (either protective or detractive) was found in the soman-poisoned animals due to the presence or absence of pyridostigmine. However, rat blood biochemistry is different from that of the primate, warranting further study in the primate before extrapolation to man.

1988-01-01

31

Metallic implants and exposure to radiofrequency radiation

It may be necessary to reduce microbiological contamination of crude drugs (medicinal plants or their parts like roots, leaves, flowers). This can be done by treating the drugs with ionizing radiation. Meethods for detection of such an irradiation were developed. It could be pointed out that measurements of luminescence, viscosity and electron spin resonance were suitable for specific drugs, but not for all drugs. (orig.).

1992-09-01

32

Minocycline Synergizes with N-Acetylcysteine and Improves Cognition and Memory Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

There is increasing use of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) in industry for communications, welding, security, radio, medicine, navigation etc. It has been recognised for some years that RFR may interact with cardiac pacemakers and steps have been taken to prevent this interference. It is less well recognised that other metallic implants may also act as antennas in an RFR field and possibly cause adverse health effects by heating local tissues. There are a large and increasing number of implants having metal components which may be found in RFR workers. These implants include artificial joints, rods and plates used in orthopaedics, rings in heart valves, wires in sutures, bionic ears, subcutaneous infusion systems and (external) transdermal drug delivery patches"1. The physician concerned with job placement of such persons requires information on the likelihood of an implant interacting with RFR so as to impair health. The ...

33

Cyberpharmacies and the role of the US Food And Drug Administration

BackgroundThere are no drugs presently available to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI). A variety of single drugs have failed clinical trials suggesting a role for drug combinations....Full Text Available

34

CDC - Seasonal Influenza (Flu) - Questions and Answers - Guillain...

The sale of consumer products over the Internet has grown rapidly, including the sale of drugs. While the growth in online drug sales by reputable pharmacies is a trend that may provide benefits to...Full Text Available

35

Role of spinal cyclooxygenase in human postoperative and chronic pain

Effectiveness Flu Shot Nasal Spray Vaccine (LAIV) Thimerosal Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) Antiviral Drugs: Key Facts Antiviral Drugs: Q&A Antiviral Drug Resistance Links,...

2011-09-24

36

Examination of Iotophoretic Transport of Ionic Drugs across ...

BackgroundNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used to treat postoperative and chronic pain. Animal studies suggest these drugs act in part by blocking...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

37

Drug-induced changes in brain acetylcholine

... derived and which describes fundamentally flux enhancement across an artificial membrane or skin: Keywords: Transdermal drug delivery system. ...

1986-07-30

38

Determinants of the drug utilization profile in the paediatric population in Italy's Lombardy Region

In rats, drug-induced depression of the central nervous system has been shown generally to be associated with an elevation in level of total acetylcholine in the brain. This generalization held true...Full Text Available

1962-10-01

39

Rheological and mucoadhesive characterization of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) hydrogels designed for nasal mucosal drug delivery.

AIMSTo evaluate the intraregional differences in drug prescribing to children and adolescents.METHODSPrescriptions reimbursed...Full Text Available

2009-05-01

40

Identification of Marker Compounds in Herbal Drugs on TLC with DART-MS

Full Text Available

2011-04-01

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41

How technology can aid the pharmacologist in carrying out drug discovery.

Full Text Available

2010-09-01

42

Drug Abuse Status and Its Determinants of Male High School Students in Taegu

PMID:21704560

2011-06-23

43

Design, synthesis and a novel application of quorum sensing agonists as potential drug-delivery vehicles

Full Text Available

1996-09-01

44

Copper complexes of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: An Opportunity yet to be realized

Abstract Not Provided

2009-01-01

45

Cholesterol Goal Attainment Rate and Its Associated Factors Among Dyslipidemic Patients on Lipid-lowering Drug Therapy in Korea

No abstract prepared.

2002-01-01

46

Capsaicin induced apoptosis and the enhanced anticancer effect of anticancer drugs in cancer cells

Dyslipidemia

2011-09-06

47

Bioadhesive Drug Delivery System for the Intravesical Administration of Paclitaxel in Rabbits

Full Text Available

2008-03-01

48

BIOCHEMISTRY BRANCH ABSTRACTS

Full Text Available

2004-04-01

49

A study of the distribution of schistosomicidal drug H-3-7505 in mice

... The anti-tumor drugs used for these studies were: busulfan, cyclophosphamide, metho- trexate, vinblastine and 6-mercaptopurine. ...

1968-01-01

50

Progress and challenges in the discovery of macrofilaricidal drugs

The authors have studied the distribution of H-3 labelled schistosomicidal drug in mice by autoradiography. The H-3-labelled substances were found in liver and kidney and in successfully decreasing amounts in brain, lung, heart, fat, testis, pancreas and spleen. In various cells the silver granules were present mainly in the cytoplasms but a few in the nucleus. After administration of this labelled schistosomicidal drug, the mice were killed and studied in groups successively at 4, 8, 24 hrs. No difference in the distribution of silver granules were observed. This fact indicated that, this drug was rapidly absorbed and highly concentrated with a long duration of reservation in liver. All of these favours the schistosomicidal effect of the drug. As this drug was highly concentrated in the cytoplasm of liver cells, that might provide a pathophysiologic basis for the explanation of ...

1985-05-01

51

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Control of human filarial infections currently depends on chemotherapeutic strategies predominantly directed at microfilariae. Doxycycline therapy in an extended daily dose regimen sterilizes and kills adult stages, but the utility of this drug for routine field use remains an issue of concern. No macrofilaricidal drugs with efficacy after one or two doses are available for use, delaying the achievement of the elimination or eradication of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. Moxidectin, a macrocyclic lactone, is currently in clinical trials for onchocerciasis. A few other drugs that have already been approved for use in veterinary practice or in human medicine for other indications are available for investigation. Early drug discovery pipelines are poorly populated and the process of ...

2011-01-01

52

Drug eruptions presenting at sites of prior radiation damage (sunlight and electron beam)

Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy: from biology to bed-side

Two patients are described in whom sunburn and electron beam radiodermatitis, respectively, were critical determinants in localizing the initial presentation of drug eruptions. In the first instance, a severe sunburn of the back and thighs was followed 7 months later by the appearance of a toxic epidermal necrolysis drug reaction to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the exact sites of the previous bullous sunburn reaction. In the second patient, a radiodermatitis of the left upper arm due to electron beam therapy for metastatic breast cancer was followed 7 weeks later by a codeine drug reaction confined to the area of the radiodermatitis. In both instances, oral rechallenge with the offending drug reproduced the eruption.

1984-07-01

53

Mitochondrial genetic damage induced in yeast by a photoactivated furocoumarin in combination with ethidium bromide or ultraviolet light

Combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (CRC) is actually one important way of research in oncology. Theoretical advantages are: (1) Spatial cooperation; (2) Additivity, which is only obtained if the toxicity of each modality are different; (3) Supra-additivity, which needs a rigorous in vitro definition; the only way to prove it is to make an isobologram analysis. This model has however, some limitations: qualitative variable could not be used, results could be different, depending on the cell line and isoeffect chosen...In fact, a supra-additivity was only demonstrated for cis platinum and etoposide. Interactions mechanisms were: (1) at the molecular level, creation of new lesions or inhibition of radiation lesions repair; (2) At the cellular level, either cytokinetic cooperation with S-phase dependent drugs, or synchronization for the drugs which blocked the cells in M-phase; (3) At the tissular level, ...

54

Transmitted drug resistance in nonsubtype B HIV-1 infection

Ethidium bromide (EB) and ultraviolet light (UV) in combination are known to produce a synergistic induction of 'petite' mutants in yeast. Two other agents were combined with EB, 3-Carbethoxypsoralene (3 CPs) activated by 365 nm light or #gamma# rays. EB in combination with 3 CPs also resulted in an enhanced production of 'petite' mutants. After the photoaddition of 3 CPs in exponential phase cells, recovery of the 'petite' mutation during dark liquid holding was inhibited by the presence of EB producing an enhanced number of 'petite' mutants. The behavior of mitochondrial antibiotic resistance markers after individual and combined treatments with EB and 3 CPs indicates a random loss of markers after EB and a preferential loss of a certain region for the 3 CPs photoaddition. The combination of the two agents leads to an additivity of total drug marker losses rather than a synergistic loss. The combination of EB with #gamma# rays produced no enhancement in 'petite' ...

55

Transdermal Drug Delivery System. Stage 1. Volume 1.

HIV-1 nonsubtype B variants account for the majority of HIV infections worldwide. Drug resistance in individuals who have never undergone antiretroviral therapy can lead to early failure and...Full Text Available

2009-09-01

56

Towards Commercial Production of Sponge Medicines

... Accession Number : ADB119274. Title : Transdermal Drug Delivery System. Stage 1. Volume 1. Descriptive Note : Final rept. 15 Aug 85-14 Oct 87,. ...

1987-12-30

57

Tackling the Steroid Issue: Squeezing Out the Juice

Sponges can provide potential drugs against many major world-wide occurring diseases. Despite the high potential of sponge derived drugs no sustainable production method has been developed. Thus far...Full Text Available

58

Tackling the Steroid Issue: Squeezing Out the Juice

... HIV & AIDS (15) I Infectious Diseases (21) Injection Drug Use (7) M Mental Illness (139) Mortality (7) ... Hallucinogens (5) Hashish (2) Heroin (21) I Illegal Drugs (115) Inhalants (12) K Ketamine (1) L LSD ( ...

59

Tackling the Steroid Issue: Squeezing Out the Juice

... HIV & AIDS (15) I Infectious Diseases (22) Injection Drug Use (7) M Mental Illness (141) Mortality (7) ... Hallucinogens (5) Hashish (2) Heroin (21) I Illegal Drugs (117) Inhalants (13) K Ketamine (1) L LSD ( ...

60

Tackling the Steroid Issue: Squeezing Out the Juice

... HIV & AIDS (15) I Infectious Diseases (21) Injection Drug Use (7) M Mental Illness (139) Mortality (7) ... Hallucinogens (5) Hashish (2) Heroin (21) I Illegal Drugs (112) Inhalants (12) K Ketamine (1) L LSD ( ...

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

61

Research influence on antimalarial drug policy change in Tanzania: case study of replacing chloroquine with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as the first-line drug

... HIV & AIDS (15) I Infectious Diseases (21) Injection Drug Use (7) M Mental Illness (138) Mortality (7) ... Hallucinogens (5) Hashish (2) Heroin (21) I Illegal Drugs (116) Inhalants (12) K Ketamine (1) L LSD ( ...

62

Rapid and Inexpensive Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a Nitrate Reductase Assay

IntroductionResearch is an essential tool in facing the challenges of scaling up interventions and improving access to services. As in many other countries, the translation of research...Full Text Available

63

RXPERT: A Decision Support Expert System for Drug Product Interchangeability Assessment

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is an increasing public health concern in many parts of the world, especially in low-income countries, where most cases occur. Traditional drug susceptibility testing...Full Text Available

2002-02-01

64

Preparation and Evaluation of Taste Masked Famotidine Formulation Using Drug/?-cyclodextrin/Polymer Ternary Complexation Approach

A knowledge-based expert system has been developed to support human decision makers who assess drug products for inclusion in the Saskatchewan Formulary. Formulary inclusion and deletion decisions...Full Text Available

1989-11-08

65

On Being the Right Size: The Impact of Population Size and Stochastic Effects on the Evolution of Drug Resistance in Hospitals and the Community

The main aim of the present study was to evaluate potential of ternary complexation (comprising of drug, cyclodextrin and polymer) as an approach for taste masking. For this purpose famotidine with...Full Text Available

66

Natural Variation of Drug Susceptibility in Wild-Type Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

The evolution of drug resistant bacteria is a severe public health problem, both in hospitals and in the community. Currently, some countries aim at concentrating highly specialized services in large...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

67

Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: consequences for the global HIV community

Wild-type viruses from the ViroLogic phenotype-genotype database were evaluated to determine the upper confidence limit of the drug susceptibility distributions, or “biological cutoffs,”...Full Text Available

2004-02-01

68

Impact of Basic Computerized Prescribing on Outpatient Medication Errors and Adverse Drug Events

Purpose of reviewPhysicians, researchers and policy makers must understand the myriad consequences of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) within...Full Text Available

2009-02-01

69

If I Didn't Have HIV I'd Be Dead Now: Illness Narratives of Drug Users Living with HIV/AIDS

Few data exist about the impact of computerized prescribing systems on outpatient medication errors (MEs) and adverse drug events (ADEs). We compared the rates of MEs and ADEs in handwritten sites versus...Full Text Available

2002-11-01

70

Identification of Genes Affecting the Toxicity of Anti-Cancer Drug Bortezomib by Genome-Wide Screening in S. pombe

The purpose of this study was to illuminate the experiences of poor, urban HIV-positive drug users. Sixty participants were asked about HIV risk behaviors, the impact of HIV on their lives,...Full Text Available

2005-05-01

71

Followup study of possible HIV seropositivity among abusers of parenteral drugs in 1971-72.

Bortezomib/PS-341/Velcade, a proteasome inhibitor, is widely used to treat multiple myeloma. While several mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of the drug were proposed, the actual mechanism remains elusive....Full Text Available

72

Epigenetic Therapies for Chemoresensitization of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Serum specimens obtained from a nationwide sample of parenteral drug abusers (PDAs) during the period 1971-72 had previously been screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies. Some specimens...Full Text Available

1991-07-01

73

Drug-binding properties of human alpha-foetoprotein.

SummaryEpigenetic drugs have been shown to enhance gene expression and drug sensitivity in ovarian cancer cell lines and animal models. Based on promising pre-clinical studies,...Full Text Available

2010-02-01

74

Drug-Eluting Stents versus Bare Metal Stents in Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis: a Meta-Analysis

The drug-binding properties of human alpha-foetoprotein (alpha FP) were investigated by a fluorescence-spectral method. Human alpha FP was shown to bind to albumin's site I marker (warfarin, phenylbutazone),...Full Text Available

1985-10-01

75

Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a Nitrate Reductase Assay Applied Directly on Microscopy-Positive Sputum Samples

ObjectivesWe undertook a meta-analysis to assess outcomes for drug-eluting (DES) and bare metal stents (BMS) in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for unprotected...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

76

Comparison of the Maturation of the Adrenergic and Serotonergic Neurotransmitter Systems in the Brain: Implications for Differential Drug Effects on Juveniles and Adults

Current methods for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are either costly or slow. As the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains increases, the need for fast,...Full Text Available

2005-07-01

77

Chronic Cocaine-Induced H3 Acetylation and Transcriptional Activation of CaMKII? in the Nucleus Accumbens Is Critical for Motivation for Drug Reinforcement

Our understanding of the development of neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system has increased greatly over the past three decades and it has become apparent that drug effects...Full Text Available

2007-04-15

78

Cationic nanoparticles for delivery of amphotericin B: preparation, characterization and activity in vitro

The regulation of gene expression in the brain reward regions is known to contribute to the pathogenesis and persistence of drug addiction. Increasing evidence suggests that the regulation of gene transcription...Full Text Available

2010-03-01

79

Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells Are Inhibited by a Non-Toxic Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonist

BackgroundParticulate systems are well known to be able to deliver drugs with high efficiency and fewer adverse side effects, possibly by endocytosis of the drug carriers. On the...Full Text Available

80

Brain delivery of valproic acid via intranasal administration of nanostructured lipid carriers: in vivo pharmacodynamic studies using rat electroshock model

BackgroundCancer stem cells (CSCs) have increased resistance to cancer chemotherapy. They can be enriched as drug-surviving CSCs (D-CSCs) by growth with chemotherapeutic drugs, and/or...Full Text Available

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81

Approaches to enhancing the quality of drug therapy. A joint statement by the CMA and the Canadian Pharmaceutical Association. Canadian Medical Association.

The treatment of brain disorders is one of the greatest challenges in drug delivery because of a variety of main barriers in effective drug transport and maintaining therapeutic concentrations in the...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

82

Anti-cancer drug loaded iron-gold core-shell nanoparticles (Fe@Au) for magnetic drug targeting.

This joint statement was developed by the CMA and the Canadian Pharmaceutical Association, a national association of pharmacists, and includes the goal of drug therapy, strategies for collaboration...Full Text Available

1996-09-15

83

A Research Agenda for Malaria Eradication: Drugs

Magnetic drug targeting, using core-shell magnetic carrier particles loaded with anti-cancer drugs, is an emerging and significant method of cancer treatment. Gold shell-iron core nanoparticles (Fe@Au) were synthesized by the reverse micelle method with aqueous reactants, surfactant, co-surfactant and oil phase. XRD, XPS, TEM and magnetic property measurements were utilized to characterize these core-shell nanoparticles. Magnetic measurements showed that the particles were superparamagnetic at room temperature and that the saturation magnetization decreased with increasing gold concentration. The anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded onto these Fe@Au nanoparticle carriers and the drug release profiles showed that upto 25% of adsorbed drug was released in 80 h. It was found that the amine (-NH2) group of DOX binds to the gold shell. An in vitro apparatus simulating the human ...

2010-09-01

84

29 CFR 2590.702-1 - Additional requirements prohibiting discrimination based on genetic information.

Antimalarial drugs will be essential tools at all stages of malaria elimination along the path towards eradication, including the early control or “attack” phase to drive down transmission...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

85

OFFICE OF NEW DRUGS OFFICE OF PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND STATISTICAL ...

...treated for leukemia. B' s physician, who is employed by the HMO, is considering a treatment plan that includes six-mercaptopurine, a drug for treating leukemia in most children. However, the drug could be fatal if taken by a small percentage of...

2010-07-01

86

In vivo in vitro correlations for a poorly soluble drug, danazol, using the flow-through dissolution method with biorelevant dissolution media

... The pharmacologist/toxicologist and the statistician will jointly determine if a statistical review is needed and when the review should be done. ...

87

Response Surface Methodology: An Extensive Potential to Optimize in vivo Photodynamic Therapy Conditions

Udgivelsesdato: 2005-Mar

2005-01-01

88

Designed hybrid TPR peptide targeting Hsp90 as a novel anticancer agent

Purpose: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the interaction of a photosensitizing (PS) agent, light, and oxygen. Few new PS agents are being developed to the in vivo stage, partly because of the difficulty in finding the right treatment conditions. Response surface methodology, an empirical modeling approach based on data resulting from a set of designed experiments, was suggested as a rational solution with which to select in vivo PDT conditions by using a new peptide-conjugated PS targeting agent, neuropilin-1. Methods and Materials: A Doehlert experimental design was selected to model effects and interactions of the PS dose, fluence, and fluence rate on the growth of U87 human malignant glioma cell xenografts in nude mice, using a fixed drug-light interval. All experimental results were computed by Nemrod-W software and Matlab. Results: Intrinsic diameter growth rate, a tumor growth parameter independent of the ...

2009-09-01

89

Targeted drug delivery under MRI guidance

BackgroundDespite an ever-improving understanding of the molecular biology of cancer, the treatment of most cancers has not changed dramatically in the past three decades and drugs that do not discriminate between tumor cells and normal tissues remain the mainstays of anticancer therapy. Since Hsp90 is typically involved in cell proliferation and survival, this is thought to play a key role in cancer, and Hsp90 has attracted considerable interest in recent years as a potential therapeutic target.MethodsWe focused on the interaction of Hsp90 with its cofactor protein p60/Hop, and engineered a cell-permeable peptidomimetic, termed "hybrid Antp-TPR peptide", modeled on the binding interface between the molecular chaperone Hsp90 and the TPR2A domain of Hop.ResultsIt was demonstrated that this designed hybrid Antp-TPR peptide inhibited the interaction of Hsp90 with the TPR2A domain, inducing cell death of breast, pancreatic, ...

2011-01-14

90

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The main goal of local drug delivery is to increase the concentration of a specific therapeutic agent in a target tissue with minimal nontarget distribution. Compared to systemic therapy, local drug delivery provides a high level of therapeutic efficacy with minimal systemic effects. The current primary imaging modality for drug delivery has been x-ray angiography, but it has major limitations including anatomical ambiguity and inability to visualize the targeted tissues. Due to these inherent problems, MR guidance has been explored as an alternative imaging modality for guiding and monitoring of drug therapy. Recently, interventional MR (XMR) systems have been implemented that have both dual x-ray and MRI capabilities in a single suite and allow for real-time interventional procedures to ...

2008-01-01

91

Sorbent extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of homidium bromide and isometamidium chloride in bovine plasma

Radiosterilization of drugs in aqueous solutions may be achieved by the use of radioprotective excipients

Homidium bromide and isometamidium chloride are used extensively in the treatment of bovine trypanosomiasis in Africa, but no specific and sensitive method to detect the drug in plasma has been published yet. Comparing the methods of other investigators it was found that they could not overcome the protein binding of these drugs which reduced the available and determined drug to 10% of the real concentrations. These techniques overcome the protein binding by enzyme digestion and an alteration of the pH before adding the sample directly on clean-up columns. Drug recover rates above 80% were obtained. For the detection, the HPLC was employed using a C18 reversed phase analytical column and UV detection, determining both drugs as intact molecules. (author).

1992-01-01

92

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of radiosterilization of drugs aqueous solutions and to evaluate the effects of some additives, such as mannitol, nicotinamide and pyridoxine, which might protect the drug from degradation. Metoclopramide was selected as a model drug. The structures of the degradation products were determined to gain insight on the radiolysis mechanisms in aqueous solution in order to design strategies to lower the drug degradation.Metoclopramide hydrochloride aqueous solutions with and without excipients were irradiated either with gamma rays or high-energy electrons. HPLC-DAD was used to measure the loss of chemical potency and to quantify the degradation products which were also characterized by LC-APCI-MS-MS. Metoclopramide recovery for gamma and elec...

2008-01-01

93

Corrosion and drug release properties of EN-plating/PLGA composite coating on MAO film

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The electroless nickel plating/poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) composite coating (EN-plating/PLGA composite coating) was fabricated on the surface of the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) film of the magnesium alloy AZ81 to double control the corrosion and drug release in the hanks' solution. The EN-plating was fabricated on the MAO coating to improve the corrosion resistance by overlaying most pores and micro-cracks on the surface of the MAO film. Meanwhile, a double layered organic poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)/paclitaxel (PLGA/PTX) drug releasing coating with a top layered PLGA drug controlled releasing coating on EN plating was prepared to control the drug release rate by adjusting the different lactide: glycolide (LA:GA) ratio of PLGA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the X-ray powder dif...

2011-01-01

94

Multiscale modeling of transdermal drug delivery

Prosocial effects of nicotine and ethanol in adolescent rats through partially dissociable neurobehavioral mechanisms

This study addresses the modeling of transdermal diffusion of drugs, to better understand the permeation of molecules through the skin, and especially the stratum corneum, which forms the main permeation barrier of the skin. In transdermal delivery of systemic drugs, the drugs diffuse from a patch placed on the skin through the epidermis to the underlying blood vessels. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and can be further divided into the stratum corneum (SC) and the viable epidermis layers. The SC consists of keratinous cells (corneocytes) embedded in the lipid multi-bilayers of the intercellular space. It is widely accepted that the barrier properties of the skin mostly arises from the ordered structure of the lipid bilayers. The diffusion path, at least for lipophilic molecules, seems to be mainly through the lipid bilayers. Despite the advantages of transdermal drug delivery compared ...

2006-01-01

95

Impact of diisobutyl phthalate and other PPAR agonists on steroidogenesis and plasma insulin and leptin levels in fetal rats

The widespread use of tobacco and alcohol among adolescents might be related to the ability of nicotine and ethanol to facilitate social interactions. To investigate the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying the prosocial effects of nicotine and ethanol, we focused on social play behavior, the most characteristic social activity in adolescent rats. Social play behavior is rewarding, and it is modulated through opioid, cannabinoid and dopaminergic neurotransmission, which are also involved in the reinforcing properties of nicotine and ethanol. We found that nicotine and ethanol increased social play, without affecting locomotion or social exploration. Their effects depended on the level of social activity of the partner, and were comparable in familiar and unfamiliar environments. At doses that increased social play, nicotine and ethanol had no anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus-maze. By contrast, the prototypical anxiolytic drug diazepam ...

2009-08-05

96

[Fritz hauschild (1908-1974) and drug research in the 'German Democratic Republic' (GDR)].

Endocrine disrupting chemicals can induce malformations and impairment of reproductive function in experimental animals and may have similar effects in humans. Recently, the environmental obesogen hypothesis was proposed, suggesting that environmental chemicals contribute to the development of obesity and insulin resistance. These effects could be related to chemical interaction with nuclear receptors such as the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs). As several testosterone-reducing drugs are PPAR activators, we aimed to examine whether four PPAR agonists were able to affect fetal testosterone production and masculinization of rats. Additionally, we wished to examine whether these chemicals affected fetal plasma levels of insulin and leptin, which play important roles in the developmental programming of the metabolic system. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed from gestation day (GD) 7-21 to diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), ...

2008-09-04

97

The use of x-ray fluorescence in the detection of inorganic elements in medicines drugs

The chemist and pharmacologist Fritz Hauschild developed the sympathomimetic agent Pervitin (metamphetamin) in the 1930s. Not only because of the abuse of the stimulant during the Second World War ("pilot's chocolate") it is one of the most controversial substances in drug history. Nearly forgotten are Hauschild's contributions to build up the drug system in the GDR. Although he was a convinced communist, the skilful pharmacologist gave very early warning of the imminent lack of innovation in the GDR pharmaceutical industry. A letter which he addressed to the Minister of Health, Max Sefrin (born 1913), did not lack explicitness. PMID:15997840

2005-06-01

98

In vivo magnetic resonance techniques and drug discovery

Based on the instrumental wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique of analysis (W D-X R F), the inorganic elements in four samples of commercial medicines drugs were analyzed. The samples were used without any chemical separation of the elements or chemical pre-treatment. Eleven elements could be identified, namely Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. However, Si, Ti and Mn have not been mentioned in the printed instructions for the use of the medicines drugs by the producers. (author)

99

Identification of elements in plant drugs and their water infusion using X-ray fluorescence analysis

The long and resource intensive process of drug discovery and development is confronted with the basic challenge of providing effective and safe therapies at reasonably low costs. The better the mechanism of a disease is known, the higher the probability to find an appropriate therapy. Also, the better and earlier a disease can be diagnosed and characterized, the higher the chance to be able to interfere in this process with a chemical entity. This reasoning sets the framework for the use of imaging in drug discovery. We discuss the relevance of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to derive anatomical, functional, metabolic and target-related information in the context of pharmacological research in vivo. (author)

2006-03-01

100

Treatment with Tyrosine, a Neurotransmitter Precursor ...

The present work gives preliminary results of analysis of drug mixtures (NEPHROSAL tea bag) and its water infusion. In a sample of dried drugs the elements K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Pb were identified, whereas in their water infusion only Ca, Mn, Zn and Sr were found. The method applied was radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis using a radionuclide source "1"0"9Cd, a Si/Li semiconductor detector and a multichannel analyzer Canberra 8100. (author) 6 refs.; 3 figs.

8100-01-01

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101

ToxCast(tm) | Computational Toxicology Research Program (CompTox...

... drugs, foods, environmental conditions, and behavioral disorders (1,8,10,17,18,24,29). In addition, we designed a self-rated ...

2011-05-15

102

The incidence of complications associated with local anesthesia in dentistry.

from a broad range of sources including industrial and consumer products, food additives and drugs that never made it to the market to evaluate the predictive toxicity...

2011-06-15

103

Tackling the Steroid Issue: Squeezing Out the Juice

Local anesthetics are frequently administered in dentistry and thus can be expected to be a major source of drug-related complications in the dental office. Additionally, the dentist will more often...Full Text Available

1997-01-01

104

Standardization of Ajmodadi churna, a polyherbal formulation

... Spectrum Disorders (25) G Grief (3) H HIV & AIDS (15) I Infectious Diseases (22) Injection Drug Use ( ...

105

Spatial Relationships between Drug Binding Sites on the ...

Standardization of herbal formulations is essential in order to assess the quality of drugs, based on the concentration of their active principles. This article reports on standardization of Ajmodadi...Full Text Available

2010-03-01

106

Reporting Problems to FDA

... determination of the molar extinction coefficients, e, were measured by the Lowry method with native a-toxin as a standard. Binding Kinetics. ...

1987-10-15

107

Quantitative morphology and water distribution of bronchial biopsy samples.

Enter Search terms A-Z Index Home Food Drugs Medical Devices Vaccines, Blood & Biologics Animal & Veterinary Cosmetics Radiation-Emitting Products Tobacco ...

108

Prognostic value of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with severe cardiotoxic drug poisoning

BACKGROUND: An approach to the study of the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the lung is to measure their concentrations in bronchial biopsy specimens. The main criticism of this technique is that bronchial...Full Text Available

1992-07-01

109

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background/Objectives: Cardiotoxic drug poisoning can lead to severe cardiac shock (CS) and death. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a well-established diagnostic and prognostic marker in heart failure but has never been assessed in patients with cardiotoxic drug poisoning. The aim of the study was to determine whether BNP could be useful for early stratification of patients admitted to intensive care unit. Methods: 30 consecutive patients experiencing shock and cardiotoxic drug exposure were enrolled in a prospective monocentric study and underwent at least two BNP measurements within the first 24 h after admission. Results: While BNP values on admission were poorly informative, subsequent BNP measurements (11 +- 6 h after admission) were significantly increased in patients with CS comp...

2011-01-01

110

Preclinical safety evaluations supporting pediatric drug development with biopharmaceuticals: strategy, challenges, current practices

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Evaluation of pharmaceutical agents in children is now conducted earlier in the drug development process. An important consideration for this pediatric use is how to assess and support its safety. This article is a collaborative effort of industry toxicologists to review strategies, challenges, and current practice regarding preclinical safety evaluations supporting pediatric drug development with biopharmaceuticals. Biopharmaceuticals include a diverse group of molecular, cell-based or gene therapeutics derived from biological sources or complex biotechnological processes. The principles of preclinical support of pediatric drug development for biopharmaceuticals are similar to those for small molecule pharmaceuticals and in general follow the same regulatory guidances outlined by...

2011-01-01

111

Photosensitization by drugs. [Ultraviolet radiation

Pharmacological optimization of tissue perfusion

uv irradiation (365 nm) of air-saturated methanol solutions of 20 drugs absorbing in the 300 to 400 nm region gave rise to oxygen uptake, as determined with a polarographic oxygen electrode. The drugs were tested for photosensitizing capability by either a Type I (free radical) or a Type II (single molecular oxygen) mechanism. This testing was done by the inclusion of either acrylamide or 2,5-dimethylfuran in the irradiated drug solution, with observation of the subsequent polymerization or oxidation, respectively. Phenothiazine and thiazide derivatives appear capable of photosensitization by both mechanisms; promethazine, trifluoperazine, and furosemide show relatively high reactivity. Diazepam (weak), hexachlorophene, aminacrine, pyrilamine, tetracycline, demeclocyline, quinine, and anthracene (strong) react only by a Type II mechanism, with a photosensitizing efficiency increasing in the order given. A correlation ...

1977-09-01

112

Patient persistence with first-line antiglaucomatous monotherapy

After fluid resuscitation, vasoactive drug treatment represents the major cornerstone for correcting any major impairment of the circulation. However, debate still rages as to the choice of agent, dose,...Full Text Available

2009-07-01

113

Optimizing efficacy of Amphotericin B through nanomodification

PurposeTo identify the extent of persistence (period of time of continuous therapy with the drug prescribed) of glaucoma patients treated with prostaglandins (latanoprost, bimatoprost,...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

114

Monitoring for adverse drug reactions

The polyene antibiotic Amphotericin B (AMB) is one of the first therapeutic agents to be marketed commercially as nanosized formulations in which the drug is associated with lipids as liposomes or complexes....Full Text Available

2007-09-01

115

Microscopic-Observation Drug-Susceptibility Assay for the Diagnosis of TB

Monitoring describes the prospective supervision, observation, and testing of an ongoing process. The result of monitoring provides reassurance that the goal has been or will be achieved, or suggests...Full Text Available

2006-04-01

116

Mechanism of action of lenalidomide in hematological malignancies

BACKGROUNDNew diagnostic tools are urgently needed to interrupt the transmission of tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Rapid,...Full Text Available

2006-10-12

117

Immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide are synthetic compounds derived by modifying the chemical structure of thalidomide to improve its potency and reduce its side effects. Lenalidomide...Full Text Available

118

Managing Cancer Pain

Investigation of drug delivery by iontophoresis in a surgical wound utilizing microdialysis

Despite the existence of effective analgesic drugs, many cancer patients live and die with ineffective pain control. The control of cancer pain is largely achievable with the appropriate use of available...Full Text Available

1984-02-01

119

Intraocular coenurosis: a case report.

Purpose:This study investigated the penetration of lidocaine around and through a sutured incision following the application of iontophoretic and passive patches...Full Text Available

2008-08-01

120

INJECTABLE IN SITU CROSS-LINKING HYDROGELS FOR LOCAL ANTIFUNGAL THERAPY

A case of intraocular coenurosis was clinically diagnosed and treated with praziquantel. The drug destroyed the coenurus, but vision was lost through toxic endophthalmitis and retinal detachment. There...Full Text Available

1991-07-01

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121

Efficacy of drug prophylaxis.

Invasive fungal infections can be devastating, particularly in immunocompromised patients, and difficult to treat with systemic drugs. Furthermore, systemic administration of those medications...Full Text Available

2010-02-01

122

Drug delivery with upconversion nanoparticles for multi-functional targeted cancer cell imaging and therapy

With the spread of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum the control of malaria has become increasingly complex. In recent years, particular concern has arisen over how best to prevent malaria...Full Text Available

1989-01-01

123

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with unique multi-photon excitation photoluminescence properties have recently been intensively explored as novel contrast agents for low-backgroundbiomedical imaging. In this work, we functionalize UCNPs with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafted amphiphilic polymer. The PEGylated UCNPs are loaded with a commonly used chemotherapy molecule, doxorubicin (DOX), by simple physical adsorption via a supramolecular chemistry approach for intracellular drug delivery. The loading and releasing of DOX from UCNPs are controlled by varying pH, with an increased drug dissociation rate in acidic environment, favorable for controlled drug release. Upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging by a modified laser scanning confocal microscope reveals the time course of intracel...

2011-01-01

124

Developmental Neurocircuitry of Motivation in Adolescence: A Critical Period of Addiction Vulnerability

Concentration and surface of absorption: Concepts and applications to gastrointestinal patches delivery

ObjectiveEpidemiological studies indicate that experimentation with addictive drugs and onset of addictive disorders is primarily concentrated in adolescence and...Full Text Available

2003-06-01

125

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Gastrointestinal patches represent a novel multiparticulate drug delivery system able to increase the intestinal absorption of drugs with poor bioavailability. The number of patches to administer is a critical issue since it is related to the surface and drug concentration at the absorption site. The objective of this article is to evaluate the effect of the number of administered patches on the final absorption of leuprolide, a peptide chosen as model drug, assuming complete adhesion of all the devices to the intestinal membrane. The same dose of leuprolide was encapsulated into 2, 4 and 6 patches; the resulting intestinal absorption profiles were measured with the Ussing chamber ex vivo experimental setup and compared between them. The results showed that varying the number of patches, t...

2011-01-01

126

Cold: Physiology, Protection and Survival

Analysis of Mammalian Carboxylesterase Inhibition by Trifluoromethylketone-Containing Compounds

... is reduced: 1) by lack of oxygen, 2) in hypercapnia associated with closed rooms or tents, 3) by use of sleeping drugs, antipyretics, insulin, and 4 ...

1974-08-01

127

A novel procedure for assessing the effects of drugs on satiation in baboons: effects of memantine and dexfenfluramine

Carboxylesterases (CE) are ubiquitous enzymes that hydrolyze numerous ester-containing xenobiotics, including complex molecules, such as the anticancer drugs irinotecan (CPT-11) and capecitabine...Full Text Available

2007-03-01

128

The Design of an Interactive Online Help Desk in the Alexandria Digital Library

RationaleProcedures for studying the effects of medications on satiation will assist the development of obesity medications.ObjectivesFull Text Available

2008-09-01

129

Cumulative Jets Interaction with Spent Nuclear Fuel

The Design of an Interactive Online Help Desk in the Alexandria Digital Library

1999-01-01

130

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Research of Cumulative Jets Interaction with Spent Nuclear Fuel

131

An Introduction to the Standard Theory of Electroweak Interactions (4/4)

An Introduction to the Standard Theory of Electroweak Interactions (3/4)

An Introduction to the Standard Theory of Electroweak Interactions (4/4)

2011-01-01

132

An Introduction to the Standard Theory of Electroweak Interactions (2/4)

An Introduction to the Standard Theory of Electroweak Interactions (3/4)

2011-01-01

133

Trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE), with either lipiodol (traditional TACE) or drug-eluting microspheres (precision TACE, pTACE) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: efficacy and safety results from a large mono-institutional analysis

An Introduction to the Standard Theory of Electroweak Interactions (2/4)

2011-01-01

134

The Significance of Clopidogrel Low-Responsiveness on Stent Thrombosis and Cardiac Death Assessed by the Verifynow P₂Y₁₂ Assay in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Within 6 Months After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation

More data about TACE and pTACE seem necessary to better define the global treatment strategy for HCC. Aim of our analysis was to evaluate the role of TACE, either with lipiodol (traditional) or drug-eluting...Full Text Available

135

TWENTE Study: The Real-World Endeavor Resolute Versus Xience V Drug-Eluting Stent Study in Twente: study design, rationale and objectives

Background and ObjectivesClopidogrel resistance or low-responsiveness may be associated with recurrent atherothrombotic events after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. We prospectively...Full Text Available

2009-12-01

136

Synthesis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug analogues for selective studies on the COX-II enzyme

Background. New-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) may solve several problems encountered with first-generation DES, but there is a lack of prospective head-to-head comparisons between...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

137

Room temperature synthesis of tri-, tetrasubstituted imidazoles and bis-analogues by mercaptopropylsilica (MPS) in aqueous methanol: application to the synthesis of the drug trifenagrel

Synthesis of the azido substituted non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug 2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenylacetic acid and isotope labeling of this compound have been performed and are described. Initial evaluation of the binding ability and photoreactivity indicates that this compound has potential for photoaffinity labeling as well as enzyme selectivity studies. (author).

138

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The heterogeneous solid catalyst, mercaptopropylsilica (MPS), has been prepared by a modified procedure in water and its structure confirmed by solid state carbon-13 CP-MAS NMR spectrum. This catalyst has been efficiently utilized for the synthesis of a wide variety of tri-, tetrasubstituted imidazoles and their bis-analogues at room temperature. The protocol was further explored for the synthesis of the drug trifenagrel.

2010-01-01

139

Liposome technology. Volume II: Incorporation of drugs, proteins and genetic material

Is there an association between seeing incidents of alcohol or drug use in films and young Scottish adults' own alcohol or drug use? A cross sectional study

These three volumes cover liposome technology in pharmacology and medicine. Contributors emphasize methodology used in their own laboratories, and include a brief introduction, coverage of relevant literature, applications and critical evaluations for the methods they describe. Volume II presents procedures for the entrapment of a number of drugs, including genetic material, into selected types of liposomes.

1984-01-01

140

Electrochemical oxidation of drug residues in water by the example of tetracycline, gentamicin and Aspirin {sup trademark}

BackgroundAs the promotion of alcohol and tobacco to young people through direct advertising has become increasingly restricted, there has been greater interest in whether images...Full Text Available

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141

Detection of drugs and explosives using neutron computerized tomography and artificial intelligence techniques

The electrochemical oxidation as a method to destroy drug residues like Aspirin {sup trademark}, tetracycline or gentamicin in water was investigated with C-Anode (modified by manganese oxides) and Pt Anode. The mechanism of Aspirin {sup trademark} and tetracycline oxidation and the influence of the biocide effect was observed using GC-MS and three different microbiological tests. In general the biological availability increases with progressive oxidation of the antibiotics. (orig.)

2003-07-01

142

Decreased binding of drugs and dyes to plasma proteins from rats with acute renal failure: effects of ureter ligation and intramuscular injection of glycerol.

In this study the development of a methodology to detect illicit drugs and plastic explosives is described with the objective of being applied in the realm of public security. For this end, non-destructive assay with neutrons was used and the technique applied was the real time neutron radiography together with computerized tomography. The system is endowed with automatic responses based upon the application of an artificial intelligence technique. In previous tests using real samples, the system proved capable of identifying 97% of the inspected materials.

2010-06-01

143

Behavioral Stress May Increase the Rewarding Valence of Cocaine-Associated Cues Through a Dynorphin/?-Opioid Receptor-Mediated Mechanism without Affecting Associative Learning or Memory Retrieval Mechanisms

1 The decreased binding of drugs and dyes to plasma proteins from male and female rats with acute renal failure has been investigated using equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees C. 2 Acute renal failure...Full Text Available

1979-06-01

144

An evaluation of the utility of routine laboratory monitoring of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): a retrospective review

Stress exposure increases the risk of addictive drug use in human and animal models of drug addiction by mechanisms that are not completely understood. Mice subjected to repeated forced swim stress...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

145

Activation of mGluR7s Inhibits Cocaine-Induced Reinstatement of Drug-Seeking Behavior by a Nucleus Accumbens Glutamate-mGluR2/3 Mechanism in Rats

BackgroundNo consensus evidence-based guidelines for the routine laboratory monitoring of children with JIA receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exist. The purpose...Full Text Available

146

Quantification of antibiotic drug potency by a two-compartment radioassay of bacterial growth

The metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) has been reported to be involved in cocaine and alcohol self-administration. However, the role of mGluR7 in relapse to drug seeking is unknown....Full Text Available

2010-09-01

147

Theoretical and practical considerations on the problem of metal--metal interaction.

The two-compartment radioassay for microbial kinetics based on continuous measurement of the {sup 14}CO{sub 2} released by bacterial metabolism of 14C-labeled substrate offers a valuable approach to testing the potency of antimicrobial drugs. By using a previously validated radioassay with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, a group of protein synthesis inhibitors was evaluated for their effect on microbial growth kinetics. All tested drugs induced changes in both the slopes and intercepts of the growth curves. An exponential growth model was applied to quantify the drug effect on the processes of bacterial {sup 14}CO{sub 2} liberation and cell generation. The response was measured in terms of a generation rate constant. A linear dependence of the generation rate constant on the dose of spectinomycin was observed with Escherichia coli. Sigmoidal-shaped curves were found in the assays of chloramphenicol and ...

1990-06-01

148

Large interaction of cytochrome-c with cardiolipin/DPPC vesicles by SAXS

The interaction between two metals, which can be either synergistic or antagonistic, implies that the behavior of one is changed by the presence of the other. Possible mechanisms of these interactions,...Full Text Available

1978-08-01

149

Investigation of the interactions of lysozyme and trypsin with biphenol A using spectroscopic methods

No abstract prepared.

2008-11-15

150

Eta-nucleus final state interaction studies

Not Available

2010-03-01

151

The discovery and development of proteomic safety biomarkers for the detection of drug-induced liver toxicity

No abstract prepared.

2002-03-01

152

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Biomarkers are biometric measurements that provide critical quantitative information about the biological condition of the animal or individual being tested. In drug safety studies, established toxicity biomarkers are used along with other conventional study data to determine dose-limiting organ toxicity, and to define species sensitivity for new chemical entities intended for possible use as human medicines. A continuing goal of drug safety scientists in the pharmaceutical industry is to discover and develop better trans-species biomarkers that can be used to determine target organ toxicities for preclinical species in short-term studies at dose levels that are some multiple of the intended human dose and again later in full development for monitoring clinical trials at lower therapeutic ...

2010-01-01

153

Russell Group: Sitemap

Prediction of drug particle size and content uniformity in low-dose solid dosage forms

...motion - Oxford Low carbon power - Imperial Oil exploration - Edinburgh Better policing - Leeds Efficient aircraft - Bristol Pioneering Drug Delivery - Nottingham Plastic electronics - Cambridge Materials discovery - Liverpool Bioluminescence - Cardiff Sucralose - King's Intellectual property - LSE Aeroengine repair - Birmingham Anti-viral drugs - UCL Marine engineering skills - Southampton Business Management - Warwick Medical imaging - Imperial Biopharmaceutical skills - Newcastle Primary education - Queen's Ultrafast Computing - Glasgow Clinical Development Centre - Kings Clean fuels at Oxford DNA sequencing - Cambridge 3G phone auctions - UCL Drugs and health screening - Leeds Business and Community Innovation Graduates Training and professional development Members Download a ...

154

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Drug particle size distribution has a profound impact to the content uniformity in low-dose solid drug products. We derived theoretically the skewness of potency distribution as a function of particle size distribution and target dose. It was demonstrated that both skewness and coefficient of variation diverge simultaneously with inverse square root of the target dose. This scaling relation was observed in recent experiment and was verified by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, which was employed for the first time to solve for the full potency distribution from a random retrieving model. When tested against the criteria from USP uniformity of dosage units, MC simulation showed a striking anisotropic distribution of the data. This suggests a full-scale consideration of the potency distribu...

2010-01-01

155

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High-Throughput Screening of Drugs of Abuse in Urine by Supported Liquid?Liquid Extraction and UHPLC Coupled to Tandem MS

...the School, the research group structure was recently revised and now comprises the following teams: Drug Design and Analysis Pharmaceutics Pharmacy Practice and Policy Pharmacological and Biomedical Science The current structure was designed to take into account the future development of research in the academic area. The ...Discovery, Molecular Modelling, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology) and international recognition (Biological Sciences), which have now been re-organised into the Drug Design and Analysis and Pharmacological and Biomedical Sciences teams. The reorganisation also aimed to improve the research reputation of the other teams. The improvements in ... Email to a friend Print Within this area Drug design and analysis Pharmaceutics Pharmacy practice and policy Pharmacological and biomedical sciences Projects Publications Staff Considering a course? Research Degrees Course Finder Order a Prospectus Subject ...

156

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A qualitative method, involving supported liquid?liquid extraction (SLE) and ultra high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS?MS), was developed for the rapid tentative identification of various drugs of abuse in urine. In this study, 28 drugs and metabolites were covered by the screening procedure. Before analysis, urine samples were extracted by SLE and good extraction recoveries were obtained for most investigated compounds. The UHPLC strategy was then selected for the rapid separation of amphetamines, cocaine, opiates and related compounds in urine. Using columns packed with sub-2??m particles, analysis time was reduced down to 2?min, while maintaining acceptable performance. Finally, the detection was by tandem MS operating in the single reaction...

2009-01-01

157

Heart rate correction models to detect QT interval prolongation in novel pharmaceutical development

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Introduction: The QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) reflects the duration of ventricular depolarization and repolarization. A drug-induced prolongation of ventricular repolarization, and thereby QT prolongation, is recognized to be a marker for an enhanced risk for ventricular arrhythmia. The assessment of a drug's effect on the QT interval has therefore become routine within pharmaceutical research and development. However, the heart rate has a major influence on the QT interval; the QT interval shortens as heart rate increases such that one needs to account for such heart rate-dependent changes when evaluating possible drug-induced effects on the QT interval. The relationship between the QT interval and heart rate can be modeled mathematically and using this function a so-called...

2011-01-01

158

Formulation development and evaluation of metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension as a magnetic-targeted and polymeric-controlled drug delivery system

Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug plasters for knee osteoarthritis in Japanese: a randomized controlled trial

A nanosuspension of magnetically tagged metronidazole was developed by the solvent displacement method coupled with ultrasonication and was evaluated for its physicochemical properties. The drug release from metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension at pH 1.2 and 7.0 shows maximum correlation coefficient for zero order and Higuchi model, respectively. The anthelmintic activity of the formulated metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension was evaluated on Indian earthworms (Pheretima poi). Metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension at a dose of 10 and 50 mg/ml shortened by 31% and 34%, respectively, the mean time to death of the earthworms when compared against a non-magnetic metronidazole suspension. Thus, the developed metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension showed potent, controlled and targeted drug action and might be a good therapeutic avenue in combating infectious GI disorders.

2009-05-15

159

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) plaster for knee osteoarthritis among Japanese patients. An open-labeled, randomized, controlled, multiclinic trial was performed involving outpatient clinic groups. Two comparative groups?plaster NSAIDs and oral NSAIDs?were randomly allocated. The drugs used were limited to the current top three in both groups in Japan. Treatments were assessed after four?weeks and compared with the baseline scores. Outcomes were evaluated by two psychometric measures: Japanese knee osteoarthritis measure, and pain with the visual analogue scale. The total number of patients included in the final evaluation was 165 (87 for the plaster group and 78 for the oral group). Between these two groups there were ...

2010-01-01

160

Drug detection in breath: effects of pulmonary blood flow and cardiac output on propofol exhalation

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Breath analysis could offer a non-invasive means of intravenous drug monitoring if robust correlations between drug concentrations in breath and blood can be established. In this study, propofol blood and breath concentrations were determined in an animal model under varying physiological conditions. Propofol concentrations in breath were determined by means of two independently calibrated analytical methods: continuous, real-time proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and discontinuous solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Blood concentrations were determined by means of SPME-GC-MS. Effects of changes in pulmonary blood flow resulting in a decreased cardiac output (CO) and effects of dobutamine administration resulting in...

2011-01-01

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161

Cryo-irradiation as a terminal method for the sterilization of drug aqueous solutions

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the specificities of the irradiation of drugs in frozen aqueous solution. The structures of the degradation products were determined to gain insight into the radiolysis mechanisms occurring in frozen aqueous solutions. Metoclopramide hydrochloride and metoprolol tartrate were chosen as models. The frozen solutions were irradiated at dry ice temperature by high energy electrons at various doses. The drug purity (chemical potency) and the radiolysis products were quantified by HPLC-DAD. Characterization of the degradation products was performed by LC-APCI-MS-MS. The structures of the radiolysis products detected in irradiated frozen aqueous solutions were compared to those detected in solid-state and aqueous solutions (previous studies). For both metoclop...

2008-01-01

162

Adverse cutaneous reactions secondary to tyrosine kinase inhibitors including imatinib mesylate, nilotinib, and dasatinib

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Imatinib mesylate is the first of a novel group of drugs that specifically target protein tyrosine kinases, which are central to the pathogenesis of human cancer. It has been approved for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumor and has been found efficacious in other neoplastic diseases. Nilotinib and dasatinib, a second-generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), were developed in response to findings of emerging imatinib resistance or intolerance to the drug. Cutaneous reactions are the most common nonhematologic side effect of these drugs, and their management is challenging especially in the absence of alternative anticancer agents. The present review focuses on the clinical characteristics and the hypothesized molecular pathogenesis o...

2011-01-01

163

Using Military Working Dog Teams (MWDTs) to Support Law ...

Use of Oral Bisphosphonates by Older Adults with Fractures and Impaired Renal Function

... 4. Military Working Dogs iMWDs). As used in this Instruction refers to drug detector dogs only. 5. Military Working Doq Executive Agent M(WJDEMA. ...

1990-09-17

164

Topical Application of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Hexyl Ester and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid to Normal Nude Mouse Skin: ...

Background:The manufacturers of oral bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate) recommend avoiding use of these drugs in patients with renal impairment. However, many patients who...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

165

The relationship among current management systems, production, disease and drug usage on Ontario dairy farms.

... J. W. and R. A. de Zeeuw. 1990. Transdermal drug delivery: efficacy and potential applications of the penetration enhancer ... ...

166

The Effects of Aspirin-Like Drugs on the Nutritional Status of Pregnant Rats and Offspring

The study involved 110 randomly selected dairy farms located in the Ontario, Canada counties of Bruce, Grey, Huron, Oxford, Perth, Waterloo and Wellington. Herds were classified as "intensive" and "extensive"....Full Text Available

1986-01-01

167

The Anti-Inflammatory Drug Leflunomide Is an Agonist of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

Previous studies have shown that salicylates and protein-calorie malnutrition independently compromise maturation and growth of infants. In the present study, pregnant rats were fed normal-and low-protein...Full Text Available

1988-05-01

168

Targeted nanoparticles that deliver a sustained, specific release of paclitaxel to irradiated tumors

BackgroundThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the toxicity and biological activity of dioxins and related chemicals. The...Full Text Available

169

TJ-41 Induces Apoptosis and Potentiates the Apoptotic Effects of 5-FU in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

To capitalize on the response of tumor cells to ionizing radiation, we developed a controlled-release nanoparticle drug delivery system using a targeting peptide that recognizes a radiation-induced...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

170

Systematic review and gamma radiosensitivity of medicinal plants: development of protocol for quality control; Revisao sistematica e radiossensitividade gama de plantas medicinais: desenvolvimento de protocolo para controle de qualidade

Recent studies suggest that TJ-41, a herbal drug, possesses chemotherapeutic effects. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to investigate the anticarcinogenic effects of TJ-41 on human breast cancer...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

171

Substance Misuse Treatment for High Risk Chronic Pain Patients on Opioid Therapy: A Randomized Trial

The present study discusses the contribution of the adoption of more rigorous and objective criteria to the selection and analysis of information sources, leading to more scientific rigour when registering phytotherapic drugs. To this end, it is herein proposed the adoption of a previously tested and acknowledged methodology, namely the Systematic Revision, as a standard for phytotherapic drug analyses. In order to show differences brought about by the Systematic Revision during the registration procedures of phytotherapic drugs, the case of the Maytenus ilicifolia (known popularly in Brazil as 'espinheira-santa') is presented. As it is well known, the use of ionizing radiation is expanding, especially in medicine and pharmacy. Therefore, gamma radiation was applied to the microbiological quality control of phytotherapic matrices. Results indicated a positive contribution of Systematic Revision to the ...

2006-07-01

172

Smoking and Illicit Drug Use Associations With Early Versus Delayed Reproduction: Findings in a Young Adult Cohort of Australian Twins*

Chronic pain patients who show aberrant drug-related behavior often are discontinued from treatment when they are noncompliant with their use of opioids for pain. The purpose of this study was...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

173

Sigma-1 receptor agonist fluvoxamine for postoperative delirium in older adults: report of three cases

Objective:This article examines relationships between reproductive onset and lifetime history of smoking, regular smoking, and nicotine dependence, and cannabis and other illicit...Full Text Available

2009-09-01

174

Role of nitroso radicals as drug targets in circulatory shock

BackgroundPostoperative delirium is a topic of great importance in the geriatric surgical specialty. Although antipsychotic drugs are the medications most frequently used to treat...Full Text Available

175

Rifampin pharmacokinetics in children, with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection, hospitalized for the management of severe forms of tuberculosis

A vast amount of circumstantial evidence implicates oxygen-derived free radicals (especially, superoxide and hydroxyl radical) and high-energy oxidants [such as peroxynitrite (OONO⁻)]...Full Text Available

2009-06-01

176

Review of Reported Clinical Information System Adverse Events in US Food and Drug Administration Databases

BackgroundRifampin is a key drug in antituberculosis chemotherapy because it rapidly kills the majority of bacilli in tuberculosis lesions, prevents relapse and thus enables 6-month...Full Text Available

177

Relationship of pharmacokinetics and drug distribution in tissue to increased safety of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in dogs.

SummaryBackgroundThe US FDA has been collecting information on medical devices involved in significant adverse advents since 1984. These reports have...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

178

Regional Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Gadolinium-labeled Albumin in the Rat Hippocampus In Vivo

The safety, pharmacokinetics, and distribution in tissue of an amphotericin B (AmB)-cholesteryl sulfate colloidal dispersion (ABCD) were compared with those of micellar amphotericin B-deoxycholate (m-AmB)....Full Text Available

1992-02-01

179

Reconciling Human Smoking Behavior and Machine Smoking Patterns: Implications for Understanding Smoking Behavior and the Impact on Laboratory Studies

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has emerged as a promising method of targeted drug-delivery for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders, but the influence of brain structure on infusate...Full Text Available

2010-03-15

180

Recent progress towards development of effective systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant brain tumors

IntroductionRecent Food and Drug Administration legislation enables the mandating of product performance standards for cigarette smoke and the evaluation of manufacturers’...Full Text Available

2009-12-01

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181

Radiation, adriamycin, and skin reactions: effects of radiation and drug fractionation, hyperthermia, and tetracycline. [X rays

Systemic chemotherapy has been relatively ineffective in the treatment of malignant brain tumors even though systemic chemotherapy drugs are small molecules that can readily extravasate across the porous...Full Text Available

182

Protracted withdrawal from alcohol and drugs of abuse impairs long-term potentiation of intrinsic excitability in the juxtacapsular bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

The effect of adriamycin in combination with radiation on the skin reactions of mouse feet has been examined under a variety of experimental conditions including: (a) hyperthermic treatment of the foot immediately following adriamycin administration, with the former given either just before or just after x irradiation, and (b) fractionated treatments of drug and radiation in a variety of sequences over an 18-day period. In the case of the most severe hyperthermic treatment, no increased radiation reactions were observed in the presence of adriamycin. However, in the case of the less severe hyperthermic treatment a small but significant increase in skin reactions was observed. In the study of fractionated drug and radiation treatments, an enhancement of reaction in those animals receiving combined modality treatment over those receiving radiation alone was seen in those groups where the initiation of drug treatment succeeded ...

1981-06-01

183

Protective effects of sparfloxacin in experimental pneumonia caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae in leukopenic mice.

The juxtacapsular BNST (jcBNST) is activated in response to basolateral amygdala (BLA) inputs through the stria terminalis and projects back to the anterior BLA and to the central nucleus of...Full Text Available

2009-04-29

184

Probiotic treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children

The in vivo antichlamydial activities of sparfloxacin and reference drugs were examined in a experimental model of pneumonia caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae in leukopenic mice; their in vitro activities...Full Text Available

1994-08-01

185

Preparation and In Vivo Evaluation of Indomethacin Loaded True Nanoemulsions

Treatment of functional bowel disorders of irritable bowel-type (IBS) in children remains a difficult task because of a lack of drugs with low adverse event profile. We here report the results of a...Full Text Available

186

Preparation and Evaluation of Buccal Bioadhesive Films Containing Clotrimazole

Indomethacin, a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been used in the treatment of various kinds of pains, inflammation and arthritis. However, oral administration of indomethacin produces...Full Text Available

2010-03-30

187

Physicochemical Characterization of Berberine Chloride: A Perspective in the Development of a Solution Dosage Form for Oral Delivery

Buccal bioadhesive films, releasing topical drugs in the oral cavity at a slow and predetermined rate, provide distinct advantages over traditional dosage forms. The aim of present study was to prepare...Full Text Available

188

Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of ceftriaxone during pregnancy.

The objective of the present research was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of berberine chloride and to assess the complexation of drug with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD),...Full Text Available

189

Perspective on post-menopausal osteoporosis: establishing an interdisciplinary understanding of the sequence of events from the molecular level to whole bone fractures

The purpose of the present work was to study the pharmacokinetics and the protein binding (free fraction of the drug) of ceftriaxone (CTX) during pregnancy. Nine pregnant women (ages, 20 to 34 years)...Full Text Available

1993-01-01

190

Pathogenic Role of NKT and NK Cells in Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury is Dependent on the Presence of DMSO

Current drug treatments for post-menopausal osteoporosis cannot eliminate bone fractures, possibly because the mechanisms responsible for bone loss are not fully understood. Although research within...Full Text Available

2010-03-06

191

PGE2-regulated wnt signaling and N-acetylcysteine are synergistically hepatoprotective in zebrafish acetaminophen injury

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is commonly used in biological studies to dissolve drugs and enzyme inhibitors with low solubility. While DMSO is generally thought of as being relatively inert, it...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

192

Opioids and the Treatment of Chronic Pain: Controversies, Current Status, and Future Directions

Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is the most common drug-induced cause of acute liver failure in the United States. The only available treatment, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), has a limited...Full Text Available

2010-10-05

193

Nucleoside Drugs Induce Cellular Differentiation by Caspase-Dependent Degradation of Stem Cell Factors

Opioids have been regarded for millennia as among the most effective drugs for the treatment of pain. Their use in the management of acute severe pain and chronic pain related to advanced medical...Full Text Available

2008-10-01

194

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Wounds: Pain Relief or Excessive Scar Formation?

BackgroundStem cell characteristics are an important feature of human cancer cells and play a major role in the therapy resistance of tumours. Strategies to target cancer stem cells...Full Text Available

195

Nonclinical Safety Profile of Telbivudine, a Novel Potent Antiviral Agent for Treatment of Hepatitis B?

The inflammatory process has direct effects on normal and abnormal wound healing. Hypertrophic scar formation is an aberrant form of wound healing and is an indication of an exaggerated function of...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

196

Neonatal E. coli infection alters glial, cytokine, and neuronal gene expression in response to acute amphetamine in adolescent rats

Telbivudine is a novel nucleoside drug recently approved for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Its nonclinical safety was evaluated in a comprehensive program of studies, including...Full Text Available

2008-07-01

197

Nasal retention of budesonide and fluticasone in man: Formation of airway mucosal budesonide-esters in vivo

Neonatal bacterial infection in rats alters the responses to a variety of subsequent challenges later in life. Here we explored the effects of neonatal bacterial infection on a subsequent drug...Full Text Available

2010-04-19

198

Mycophenolic acid inhibits activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rodent fibroblasts

AimsThe efficacy of topical glucocorticosteroids in rhinitis and asthma is likely to depend on drug retention in the airway mucosa. With fluticasone propionate, retention may be...Full Text Available

2001-02-01

199

Multiparameter Phospho-Flow Analysis of Lymphocytes in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications for Diagnosis and Monitoring Drug Therapy

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive drug that acts as a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). MMF has recently been shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity...Full Text Available

2003-05-01

200

Molecular conservation of estrogen-response associated with cell cycle regulation, hormonal carcinogenesis and cancer in zebrafish and human cancer cell lines

BackgroundThe precise mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are not known. Early stages of RA often have non-specific symptoms, delaying...Full Text Available

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201

Membrane protein biosensing with plasmonic nanopore arrays and pore-spanning lipid membranes

BackgroundThe zebrafish is recognized as a versatile cancer and drug screening model. However, it is not known whether the estrogen-responsive genes and signaling pathways that are...Full Text Available

202

Mechanism of cell death resulting from DNA interstrand cross-linking in mammalian cells

Integration of solid-state biosensors and lipid bilayer membranes is important for membrane protein research and drug discovery. In these sensors, it is critical that the solid-state sensing...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

203

Measuring the efficacy of anti-malarial drugs in vivo: quantitative PCR measurement of parasite clearance

DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are critical cytotoxic lesions produced by cancer chemotherapeutic agents such as the nitrogen mustards and platinum drugs; however, the exact mechanism of ICL-induced...Full Text Available

2011-08-01

204

Mapping Drug Physico-Chemical Features to Pathway Activity Reveals Molecular Networks Linked to Toxicity Outcome

BackgroundArtemisinin-based combination therapy, currently considered the therapy of choice for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in endemic countries,...Full Text Available

205

Male Germ Cell Apoptosis and Epigenetic Histone Modification Induced by Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F

The identification of predictive biomarkers is at the core of modern toxicology. So far, a number of approaches have been proposed. These rely on statistical inference of toxicity response from either...Full Text Available

206

Long-Lasting Adaptations of the NR2B-containing NMDA Receptors in the Dorsomedial Striatum Play a Crucial Role in Alcohol Consumption and Relapse

Multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f (GTW), a Chinese herb-derived medicine used as a remedy for rheumatoid arthritis, are considered to be a reversible anti-fertility drug...Full Text Available

207

Lack of Association Between Prokineticin 2 Gene and Japanese Methamphetamine Dependence

A growing number of studies suggest that the development of compulsive drug seeking and taking depends on dorsostriatal mechanisms. We previously observed that ex vivo acute...Full Text Available

2010-07-28

208

Inhibitors of RecA Activity Discovered by High-Throughput Screening: Cell-Permeable Small Molecules Attenuate the SOS Response in Escherichia coli

Disruption of circadian rhythms may be involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, including drug addiction. Recently, we detected the significant association between prokineticin 2 receptor...Full Text Available

2011-03-01

209

Inducible Azole Resistance Associated with a Heterogeneous Phenotype in Candida albicans

The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance has created a need for the development of novel antibiotic classes with non-classical cellular targets. Unfortunately, target-based drug discovery against...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

210

Induced pluripotent stem cells, new tools for drug discovery and new hope for stem cell therapies

The development of azole resistance in Candida albicans is most problematic in patients with AIDS who receive long courses of drug for therapy or prevention of oral candidiasis. Recently,...Full Text Available

2001-01-01

211

In vitro selection of RNA molecules that displace cocaine from the membrane-bound nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Somatic cell nuclear transfer or therapeutic cloning has provided great hope for stem cell-based therapies. However therapeutic cloning has been experiencing both ethical and technical difficulties....Full Text Available

2009-01-01

212

In vitro protein binding of cefonicid and cefuroxime in adult and neonatal sera.

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) controls signal transmission between cells in the nervous system. Abused drugs such as cocaine inhibit this receptor. Transient kinetic investigations indicate...Full Text Available

1998-11-24

213

In vitro growth inhibition of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense by iron chelators

The levels of in vitro protein binding of cefonicid and cefuroxime in human adult and neonatal sera were compared. Binding parameters for each drug were determined within the concentration range of...Full Text Available

1993-06-01

214

Impairment of brain endothelial glucose transporter by methamphetamine causes blood-brain barrier dysfunction

African trypanosomes exert significant morbidity and mortality in man and livestock. Only a few drugs are available for the treatment of trypanosome infections and therefore, the development of new...Full Text Available

215

Impact of concomitant use of DMARDs on the persistence with anti-TNF therapies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register

BackgroundMethamphetamine (METH), an addictive psycho-stimulant drug with euphoric effect is known to cause neurotoxicity due to oxidative stress, dopamine accumulation and glial...Full Text Available

216

Impact of Long-Term Treatment with Ivermectin on the Prevalence and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of different concomitant disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on the persistence with antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies in...Full Text Available

217

Imaging of membranous dysmenorrhea

BackgroundControl of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections relies on the periodic and long-term administration of anthelmintic drugs to high-risk groups, particularly school-age...Full Text Available

218

INFLUENCE OF PERCEIVED SECONDARY STIGMA AND FAMILY ON THE RESPONSE TO HIV INFECTION AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS IN VIETNAM

Membranous dysmenorrhea is an unusual clinical entity. It is characterized by the expulsion of huge fragments of endometrium during the menses, favored by hormonal abnormality or drug intake. This report describes a case with clinical, US, and MRI findings before the expulsion. Differential diagnoses are discussed. (orig.)

2001-06-01

219

Hot Topics in Chinese Herbal Drugs Research Documented in PubMed/MEDLINE? by Authors Inside China and Outside of China in the Past 10 Years: Based on Co-Word Cluster Analysis

The full impact of secondary stigma (stigma directed at family) on an HIV-positive individual is unknown. This qualitative research explores perceptions of secondary stigma in the Vietnamese...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

220

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Objective: This study aims to gain an overview of hot topics related to research focused on Chinese herbal drugs by authors inside China and outside of China in the past 10 years. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE was utilized in order to investigate and select research that was published on ?Chinese herbal drugs?? from 1998 to 2007, by authors located both inside and outside of China (MeSH terms were downloaded and ranked). MeSH terms that frequently appeared were identified and co-word analysis was carried out for two groups: (1) authors located in China, and (2) authors based outside of China, respectively. The hot topics concerning research into Chinese herbal drugs were concluded after cluster analysis and related document analysis. Results: For authors in the China group versus those ...

2009-01-01

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221

Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a consensus document by the Belgian Bone Club

Evaluation of domperidone as a modifier of gamma-radiation-induced emesis. Report for January 1984-January 1986

Several drugs are available for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This may, in daily practice, confuse the clinician. This manuscript offers an evidence-based update of previous treatment...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

222

Efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic medicines: Recommending equivalence trial design and proposing safety index

The D2 antidopaminergic drug Domperidone was evaluated singly and in combination with synthetic adrenocorticoid and an H2 antihistamine for its ability to reduce the acute emetic effects of /sup 60/Co whole-body radiation. Random-source adult male dogs were fasted 12 hours, fed a standard meal, injected 44 minutes later and irradiated 47 minutes after that. Four groups of dogs were radiated after drug injections as follows: saline (Con), domperidone (Dom), cimetidine + thiethylperazine (Cim+Thi), and dexamethasone + domperidone + cimetidine (Dex+Dom+Cim). Drug quantities for dogs represented 10 mg Dom, 10 mg Thi, 20 mg Dex, and 300 mg Cim for an average human (70 ka, 1.8 m2). Subjects were exposed on an up-down schedule to determine the radiation necessary to produce vomiting in 50% (ED50) of each group. Emesis onset times, offset times, and number of episodes were recorded. The ED50 of Dex+Dom+Cim was higher than Con. Dom ...

1987-09-01

223

Effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 agonism and antagonism on schizophrenia-like cognitive deficits induced by phencyclidine in rats

Ayurvedic drugs have begun to be evaluated in controlled clinical trials. The trials, often placebo controlled, are usually designed to demonstrate superiority. Though the results have been usually...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

224

Effects of Daily Morphine Administration and Deprivation on Choice and Demand for Remifentanil and Cocaine in Rhesus Monkeys

Dysregulation of glutamate neurotransmission may play a role in cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Manipulation of glutamate signaling using drugs acting at metabotropic glutamate receptors...Full Text Available

2010-08-10

225

Effect of naproxen on glucose metabolism and tolbutamide kinetics and dynamics in maturity onset diabetics.

Choice procedures have indicated that the relative reinforcing effectiveness of opioid drugs increases during opioid withdrawal. The demand curve, an absolute measure of reinforcer value, has not been...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

226

Effect of Protein Binding on the Pharmacological Activity of Highly Bound Antibiotics?

1 The influence of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen on glucose metabolism and on tolbutamide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has been studied in ten maturity-onset diabetics. 2...Full Text Available

1981-03-01

227

Effect of Chloroquine on the Toxicity in Mice of the Venom and Neurotoxins from the Snake Bungarus multicinctus,

During antibiotic drug development, media are frequently spiked with either serum/plasma or protein supplements to evaluate the effect of protein binding. Usually, previously reported serum or plasma...Full Text Available

2008-11-01

228

Effect of 9-(2-Hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine on Herpesvirus-Induced Keratitis and Iritis in Rabbits

Antivenoms are the currently available agents for treatment of snake venom intoxication in humans. The development of therapeutic strategies employing more generally available drugs could improve treatment of invenomation by reducing hypersensitive reacti...

1987-01-01

229

Does amiodarone affect heart rate by inhibiting the intracellular generation of triiodothyronine from thyroxine?

Drugs used for the inhibition of DNA viruses, such as iododeoxyuridine, adenine arabinoside, or trifluorothymidine, are not biochemically selective in their action and also interfere with normal cellular...Full Text Available

1978-12-01

230

Dissociation from albumin: a potentially rate-limiting step in the clearance of substances by the liver.

The hypothesis that the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone slows down the heart rate by its inhibitory action on the intracellular conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3) was investigated....Full Text Available

1984-05-01

231

Discovering Networks of Perturbed Biological Processes in Hepatocyte Cultures

The hepatic uptake rate for certain albumin-bound drugs and metabolites correlates poorly with their equilibrium unbound concentration in the plasma, suggesting that binding equilibrium may not always...Full Text Available

1985-03-01

232

Dirt Cheap and Without Prescription: How Susceptible are Young US Consumers to Purchasing Drugs From Rogue Internet Pharmacies?

The liver plays a vital role in glucose homeostasis, the synthesis of bile acids and the detoxification of foreign substances. Liver culture systems are widely used to test adverse effects of drugs...Full Text Available

233

Differential effects of procaine and phenethyl alcohol on excision repair of DNA in u. v. -irradiated Escherichia coli

BackgroundWebsites of many rogue sellers of medications are accessible through links in email spam messages or via web search engines. This study examined...Full Text Available

234

Differential chemosensitization of P-glycoprotein overexpressing K562/Adr cells by withaferin A and Siamois polyphenols

Experiments were performed to investigate the involvement of the cell membrane in the excision DNA repair process in Escherichia coli. Two membrane-binding drugs, procaine and phenethyl alcohol (PEA), inhibited liquid-holding recovery (LBR) in u.v.-irradiated E. coli wild-type and recA strains. In uvrB and polA strains where, after u.v.-irradiation, LHR was absent the two drugs had no effect. Both drugs markedly reduced the removal of u.v.-induced thymine dimers in the DNA of wild-type cells (H/r30). Analysis by alkaline sucrose gradients revealed that PEA inhibited the incision step in excision repair. In contrast, procaine had no effect on incision but apparently inhibited the late steps in excision repair. PEA dissociated DNA from the cell membrane, whereas procaine did not. The results suggest that the two drugs PEA and procaine inhibit LHR and the excision repair process operating on u.v.-induced ...

1986-12-01

235

Differential Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways by Acetaminophen and Its Nonhepatotoxic Regioisomer 3?-Hydroxyacetanilide in TAMH Cells

BackgroundMultidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in cancer treatment and is often the result of overexpression of the drug efflux protein, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as a consequence...Full Text Available

236

Determinants of the plasma protein binding of theophylline in health.

Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used analgesic and antipyretic that is considered to be relatively safe at recommended doses, is the leading cause of drug-induced liver failure in the United States....Full Text Available

2010-07-01

237

Correlates of new onset peripheral nerve injury in comatose psychotropic drug overdose patients

1 The plasma protein binding of theophylline was determined after addition of [14C]-theophylline (15 micrograms/ml) to plasma from 24 healthy drug-free volunteers and equilibrium dialysis for 2 h at...Full Text Available

1983-04-01

238

Confronting the scientific obstacles to global control of tuberculosis

Aims:To investigate the relationship between the duration of comatose state, severity of rhabdomyolysis and frequency of peripheral nerve injury (PNI) in patients following...Full Text Available

2011-07-01

239

Cocaine induces cell death and activates the transcription nuclear factor kappa-b in pc12 cells

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major threat to global health, recently exacerbated by the emergence of highly drug-resistant forms of the disease-causing pathogen and synergy with HIV/AIDS. In 2006, the Stop...Full Text Available

2008-04-01

240

Clinical outcomes and management of mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4

Cocaine is a worldwide used drug and its abuse is associated with physical, psychiatric and social problems. The mechanism by which cocaine causes neurological damage is very complex and involves several...Full Text Available

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241

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia in mice. Induction by cyclophosphamide, inhibition by cyclosporine A, and modulation by dexamethasone.

Mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is characterized by NADPH-, time-, and concentration-dependent enzyme inactivation, occurring when some drugs are converted by CYPs to reactive...Full Text Available

2005-03-01

242

CDC45 and DPB11 are required for processive DNA replication and resistance to DNA topoisomerase I-mediated DNA damage

We introduce cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia (CYP-IA) in C57BL-6 mice as a clinically relevant model for studying the biology of chemotherapy-induced alopecia and for developing anti-alopecia drugs....Full Text Available

1994-04-01

243

Association Analysis of Nuclear Receptor Rev-erb Alpha Gene (NR1D1) and Japanese Methamphetamine Dependence

The antitumor agent camptothecin targets DNA topoisomerase I by reversibly stabilizing a covalent enzyme-DNA intermediate. The subsequent collision of DNA replication forks with these drug-enzyme-DNA...Full Text Available

1999-09-28

244

Antimicrobial Wound Dressing. Phase 1.

Several investigations suggested abnormalities in circadian rhythms are related to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, including drug addiction. Recently, orphan nuclear receptor rev-erb alpha...Full Text Available

2011-03-01

245

Anticancer effects of Chinese herbal medicine, science or myth?*

The main objective of Phase I of this SBIR project was to demonstrate the feasibility for successful development of an antimicrobial wound dressing based on a hydrogel sustained release matrix. This goal has been achieved. In vitro studies of drug diffusi...

1987-01-01

246

Analysis of clinical records of dental patients attending Jordan University Hospital: Documentation of drug prescriptions and local anesthetic injections

Currently there is considerable interest among oncologists to find anticancer drugs in Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). In the past, clinical data showed that some herbs possessed anticancer properties,...Full Text Available

2006-12-01

247

Allosteric Drug Discrimination Is Coupled to Mechanochemical Changes in the Kinesin-5 Motor Core*

Objectives:The aim of this study was to analyze clinical records of dental patients attending the Dental Department at the University of Jordan Hospital: a teaching hospital in Jordan....Full Text Available

2008-10-01

248

Adaptations of the Saker-Solomons test: simple, reliable colorimetric field assays for chloroquine and its metabolites in urine.

Essential in mitosis, the human Kinesin-5 protein is a target for >80 classes of allosteric compounds that bind to a surface-exposed site formed by the L5 loop. Not established is why there...Full Text Available

2010-06-11

249

Acute Drug-Induced Hepatitis Caused by Albendazole

Two field-adapted colorimetric methods for measuring the antimalarial drug chloroquine in urine are described. Both are modifications of the method of Saker and Solomons for screening urine for phencyclidine...Full Text Available

1989-01-01

250

Abnormal Brain Default-Mode Network Functional Connectivity in Drug Addicts

Albendazole binds to parasite's tubulin inhibiting its glucose absorption. Its common adverse effects are nausea, vomiting, constipation, thirst, dizziness, headache, hair loss and pruritus. Although...Full Text Available

2008-10-01

251

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) cross-talks with canonical Wnt signaling via phosphorylation of ?-catenin at Ser 552

BackgroundThe default mode network (DMN) is a set of brain regions that exhibit synchronized low frequency oscillations at resting-state, and is believed to be relevant to attention...Full Text Available

252

A role of ygfZ in the Escherichia coli response to plumbagin challenge

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of energy metabolism; its activity is regulated by a plethora of physiological conditions, exercises and many anti-diabetic drugs. Recent...Full Text Available

2010-04-23

253

A global optimization algorithm for protein surface alignment

Plumbagin is found in many herbal plants and inhibits the growth of various bacteria. Escherichia coli strains are relatively resistant to this drug. The mechanism of resistance is...Full Text Available

254

A comparative study of sexual dysfunction involving risperidone, quetiapine, and olanzapine

BackgroundA relevant problem in drug design is the comparison and recognition of protein binding sites. Binding sites recognition is generally based on geometry often combined with...Full Text Available

255

A Longitudinal Study of Incarceration and HIV Risk Among Methadone Maintained Men and Their Primary Female Partners

Background:With the advent of newer antipsychotic drugs, side effects such as sexual dysfunction have been a major contributor toward treatment compliance. There are only...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

256

32 CFR 935.150 - Registration.

This study examines the longitudinal relationship between personal and sexual partner incarceration and subsequent HIV risk behaviors among drug-involved men and their primary female sexual...Full Text Available

2011-02-01

257

21 CFR 522.1704 - Sodium pentobarbital injection.

...1) A privately owned motor vehicle. (2) A privately owned boat. (3) An indigenous animal, military working dog, or guide dog for the blind or visually-impaired accompanying its owner. (4) A narcotic or dangerous drug or...

2010-07-01

258

Synthesis and characterization of pH-dependent glycol chitosan and dextran sulfate nanoparticles for effective brain cancer treatment.

...2010-04-01 false Sodium pentobarbital injection. 522.1704 Section...DRUGS § 522.1704 Sodium pentobarbital injection. (a)(1) Specifications. Sodium pentobarbital injection is sterile and...

2010-04-01

259

Applications of X-ray scattering in pharmaceutical science

A novel drug delivery system for the treatment of brain tumors was formulated by methotrexate (MTX)-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) based on Glycol chitosan (GCS) and Dextran sulfate (DS). The physicochemical properties of resulting particles were investigated, evidencing the contribution of these nanoparticles for brain targeting. In vitro release of MTX was also evaluated. The GCS-DS nanoparticles have been developed based on the modulation of ratio show promise as a system for controlled delivery of the drug to the brain. PMID:21782844

2011-07-19

260

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The use of X-ray scattering techniques in pharmaceutical science is increasing, in part through increased collaborations with the materials science community, and through increased availability of instrumentation, particularly synchrotron sources. The ability to understand not only the biopharmaceutical outcome, but also arguably, more importantly, the structural aspects of drugs and drug delivery systems, is essential to progressing pharmaceutical science; this review serves as an introduction to the major techniques and the wide range of areas in which X-ray scattering may be applied in understanding and controlling structure in pharmaceutical systems.

2011-01-01

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261

Antifungal activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts and its active constituent glabridin

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Glabridin, an active constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots, was found to be active against both yeast and filamentous fungi. Glabridin also showed resistance modifying activity against drug resistant mutants of Candida albicans at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 31.25-250 g/mL. Although the compound was reported earlier to be active against Candida albicans, but this is the first report of its activity against drug resistant mutants. Copyright Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

2009-01-01

262

Role of radiation therapy in the management of nonmetastatic Ewing's sarcoma of bone. Report of the intergroup Ewing's sarcoma study

Interaction of tachyons with superluminal electromagnetic fields

The role of radiation therapy in local tumor control and decreased incidence of pulmonary metastasis is reported in 271 patients who were entered into the Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study with more than one year follow-up and on whom all radiotherapy records were reviewed. The majority of the patients were irradiated to the primary tumor with doses of 4500 to 6500 rad in five to six weeks in combination with systemic administration of three drugs (vincristine, actinomycin-D and cyclophosphamide) or four drugs (vincristine, actinomycin-D, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin). One of the groups of patients was treated with three drugs and bilateral pulmonary irradiation (1500 rad, uncorrected dose, in two weeks). Preliminary analysis shows an overall local primary tumor control of 89%. Patients with lesions in the pelvis had a local failure rate of 17% (9 of 52) and in the humerus 23% (7 of 31). Factors affecting local ...

263

Interaction of tachyons with superluminal electromagnetic fields

The study of interaction of tachyons with superluminal electromagnetic fields has been undertaken and it has been shown that the energy of this interaction is similar to that of bradyons with ordinary electromagnetic fields except that the roles of virtual and longitudinal parts are interchanged. It has also been shown that the interaction of tachyons with superluminal electromagnetic fields in time-energy representation is identical to the interaction of bradyons with ordinary electromagnetic fields in space-momentum representation. 19 references.

1983-04-01

264

Tumor-Endothelial Interaction Links the CD44⁺/CD24^- Phenotype with Poor Prognosis in Early-Stage Breast Cancer1

The study of interaction of tachyons with superluminal electromagnetic fields has been undertaken and it has been shown that the energy of this interaction is similar to that of bradyons with ordinary electromagnetic fields except that the roles of virtual and longitudinal parts are interchanged. It has also been shown that the interaction of tachyons with superluminal electromagnetic fields in time-energy representation is identical to the interaction of bradyons with ordinary electromagnetic fields in space-momentum representation. (author).

265

NASCENT: An automatic protein interaction network generation tool for non-model organisms

Materials and MethodsThe genomic effects of tumor-endothelial interactions in cancer are not yet well characterized. To study this interaction in breast...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

266

Estrogen and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus: complexity of steroid hormone-growth factor interactions in the adult CNS.

Large quantity of reliable protein interaction data are available for model organisms in public depositories (e.g., MINT, DIP, HPRD, INTERACT). Most data correspond to experiments with the proteins...Full Text Available

267

Thermodynamics of Multivalent Interactions: Influence of the Linker

In the CNS, there are widespread and diverse interactions between growth factors and estrogen. Here we examine the interactions of estrogen and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), two...Full Text Available

2006-12-01

268

Strong-interaction effect measurements in sigma hyperonic atoms of W and Pb

This paper describes a thermodynamic analysis of multivalent interactions, with the goal of clarifying the influence of the linker on the enhancement in avidity due to multivalency. The use...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

269

September 1995 Prototypes and Studies Status

Strong-interaction effects have been observed in the x-ray spectra of atoms formed with [Sigma][sup [minus

1993-03-01

270

Phospholipids Trigger Cryptococcus neoformans Capsular Enlargement during Interactions with Amoebae and Macrophages

4) Expand to include client-server interaction (small-scale archive interactions with the goal of evaluating information management capabilities) -- Early ...

271

NSF-NIST Interaction in Chemistry, Materials Research, Molecular Biosciences, Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering

A remarkable aspect of the interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with mammalian hosts is a consistent increase in capsule volume. Given...Full Text Available

2011-05-01

272

Interactive computer programs in sequence data analysis.

NSF-NIST Interaction in Chemistry, Materials Research, Molecular Biosciences, Bioengineering, and ... Laboratory (CSTL). Materials research is centralized in the Materials Science and Engineering ...

273

Susceptibility of the human retrovirus XMRV to antiretroviral inhibitors

We present interactive computer programs for the analysis of nucleic acid sequences. In order to handle these programs, minimum computer experience is sufficient. The nucleotide sequence of the human...Full Text Available

1982-01-11

274

Radiation therapy in the multimodal management of Ewing's sarcoma of bone: report of the Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study

BackgroundXMRV (xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus) is the first known example of an exogenous gammaretrovirus that can infect humans. A limited number of reports suggest that XMRV is intrinsically resistant to many of the antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV-1 infection, but is sensitive to a small subset of these inhibitors. In the present study, we used a novel marker transfer assay to directly compare the antiviral drug sensitivities of XMRV and HIV-1 under identical conditions in the same host cell type.ResultsWe extend the findings of previous studies by showing that, in addition to AZT and tenofovir, XMRV and HIV-1 are equally sensitive to AZddA (3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine), AZddG (3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine) and adefovir. These results indicate that specific 3'-azido or acyclic nucleoside analog inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) also block XMRV infection with comparable efficacy in vitro. Our data ...

2010-08-31

275

Medical treatment of nystagmus and ocular motor disorders.

This paper is a progress report on the role of radiation therapy (RT) in local tumor control and the decreased incidence of pulmonary metastasis in 251 patients entered in the Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study. All were followed for more that 1 year, and their RT records were reviewed. Doses to the primary tumor in the range of 4,500--6,500 rad were administered over approximately 5 to 6 weeks in combination with 4 drugs, i.e., vincristine (VCR), dactinomycin (DAC), cyclophosphamide (CY), and adriamycin, or only the first 3. One group of patients received the 3 drugs and bilateral pulmonary irradiation (approximately 1,500 rad in 2 wk). Preliminary analysis showed a local primary tumor control of approximately 90%. Patients with lesions in the pelvis and humerus had local failure rates of 13% (7 of 54) and 21.4% (6 of 28), respectively. The treatment groups differed significantly in the incidence of pulmonary metastasis. Patients treated with ...

276

Radiological concepts in radiotherapy

An increased compendium of drugs useful in ocular motor system dysfunction has expanded our capacity to treat selected ocular motility disorders. Adjunctive therapeutic modes (e.g., Fresnel prisms and orthoptic exercises) can also be beneficial. PAN and see-saw nystagmus can be treated with baclofen. Downbeat nystagmus may respond to clonazepam therapy, and prisms may help if the nystagmus can be modified with convergence. Congenital nystagmus may respond minimally to drugs (e.g., baclofen), but prisms or surgical procedures, or both, are still the primary treatment modalities. Innovar may be helpful in patients with severe, incapacitating vestibular disorders, and scopolamine alone or in combination with promethazine may be beneficial in patients with milder ambulatory acute peripheral vestibular disorders. Benign positional vertigo is best treated initially with positional exercises before drug therapy is instituted. ...

1986-01-01

277

Pharmacokinetics of buspirone as determined by ex vivo (/sup 3/H)-DPAT binding

The atomic explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki made the name radiation itself become a nightmare. Notwithstanding this, radiation continued to serve the mankind specially in diagnosis of several human diseases and in the treatment of intractable malignancies. With their latest research tools biologists have now shown a significant shift in the earlier paradigm; even the concept that radiation initiates cancer appears to be no longer tenable. On the contrary, selective radiation doses inhibit growth of cancer cells and radiation in combination with many chemotherapeutic drugs, radiosensitizing chemicals and/or hyperthermia, is emerging as a new modality for cancer treatment which offers high therapeutic advantages. In addition, the deleterious effects of radiation can now be strategically counter poised by the use of many drugs and chemicals. This has been possible by the newer insights gained in the mechanism of biological effects of ...

278

Determination of binary mixtures of analgesic and spasmolytic drugs in pure and dosage forms by derivative spectrophotometry.

Ex vivo (/sup 3/H)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetraline ((/sup 3/H)-DPAT) binding to the hippocampus has been utilized to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of buspirone after i.v. and oral administration of this drug to rats. Intravenous buspirone rapidly penetrated the brain as demonstrated by a maximum inhibition of (/sup 3/H)-DPAT binding at 1 min. Elimination of drug from the brain was biphasic, with a first component half-life of 24.8 min and a second component half-life of 96 min. Oral buspirone at 3 times the i.v. dose produced less than one-third the maximum inhibition of (/sup 3/H)-DPAT binding compared to that observed with i.v. buspirone. The pharmacokinetic parameters of buspirone observed in the present study are in agreement with those reported previously. Thus, the ex vivo binding assay could be utilized to determine the bioavailability of the drug to the brain, and its duration of action. 20 ...

1988-01-01

279

Clinical features and {sup 123}I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging in drug-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease

Binary mixtures of dipyrone and pitophenone hydrochloride are assayed by zero-crossing second- and third-derivative spectrophotometry and by ratio-spectra first- and second-derivative spectrophotometry. In the first method, calibration plots are linear at 266.5 and 302.5 nm (dipyrone, second derivative), and 257 and 286 nm (pitophenone second derivative) and 242 and 278.3 nm (dipyrone third derivative), and 228.5 and 300 nm (pitophenone, third-derivative). By the second method, lines of regression are linear at 235 and 262 nm (dipyrone, first derivative), and 229.5 and 288.5 nm (pitophenone, first-derivative), and 249.7 and 268 nm (dipyrone, second derivative), and 280.5 and 300 nm (pitophenone, second-derivative). In all methods calibration curves follow the Beer's law up to 40 microg/ml of each drug. LOD and LOQ values were calculated. The developed derivative spectrophotometric methods were applied to laboratory mixtures and to vials for these ...

2003-10-15

280

A novel drug and gene co-delivery system based on Poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) grafted polyethyleneimine micelle.

To determine clinical predictors and accuracy of {sup 123}I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging in the differentiation of drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Several clinical features and {sup 123}I-FP-CIT SPECT images in 32 patients with DIP, 25 patients with PD unmasked by antidopaminergic drugs (PDu) and 22 patients with PD without a previous history of antidopaminergic treatment (PDc) were retrospectively evaluated. DIP and PD shared all clinical features except symmetry of parkinsonian signs which was more frequently observed in patients with DIP (46.9%) than in patients with PDu (16.0%, p<0.05) or PDc (4.5%, p<0.01). Qualitatively {sup 123}I-FP-CIT SPECT images were normal in 29 patients with DIP (90.6%) and abnormal in all patients with PD, and this imaging technique showed high levels of accuracy. DIP and PD are difficult to differentiate based on clinical signs. The precision of clinical diagnosis ...

2010-03-15

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281

Upsetting categories? The consequences of pharmacogenomics for making knowledge-based reimbursement decisions in Sweden

In this paper, we prepared a novel cationic self-assembled micelle from poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-poly(ethyl glycol)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) grafted polyethyleneimine (PCEC-g-PEI). The PCEC-g-PEI micelles, formed by self-assembly method, had mean particle size of ca. 82 nm and zeta potential of +22.5 mV at 37 degrees C, and could efficiently transfer pGFP into HEK293 cells in vitro. Meanwhile, as a model hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drug, honokiol was loaded into PCEC-g-PEI micelles by direct dissolution method assisted by ultrasonication. The honokiol loaded cationic PCEC-g-PEI micelles could effectively adsorb DNA onto its surface, while it could release honokiol in an extended period in vitro. This study demonstrated a novel DNA and hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drug co-delivery system. PMID:21121283

2010-12-01

282

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper contributes to an understanding of pharmacogenomics-in-the-making by foregrounding a regulatory setting in which these technologies must be situated: decision-making about pharmaceutical reimbursement. Health care assessment organizations have been introduced in many countries to systematically address the issue of health care coverage. Using the example of Sweden, the process of deciding reimbursement status is shown to hinge on the creation of stable and clinically feasible categories of patients, diseases and drug responses. Through a series of analogous examples concerning conventional pharmaceuticals, it is argued that current mechanisms for categorizing reimbursable drugs could be upset when pharmacogenomic advances provide a means of making patients more specific objects ...

2010-01-01

283

Traditional Medicine Collection Tracking System (TM-CTS): A database for ethnobotanically driven drug-discovery programs

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ethnobotanically driven drug-discovery programs include data related to many aspects of the preparation of botanical medicines, from initial plant collection to chemical extraction and fractionation. The Traditional Medicine Collection Tracking System (TM-CTS) was created to organize and store data of this type for an international collaborative project involving the systematic evaluation of commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicinal plants. Materials and methods: The system was developed using domain-driven design techniques, and is implemented using Java, Hibernate, PostgreSQL, Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools (BIRT), and Apache Tomcat. Results: The TM-CTS relational database schema contains over 70 data types, comprising over 500 data fields. Th...

2011-01-01

284

The use of healthy volunteers instead of patients to inform drug dosing studies: a [11C]raclopride PET study

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Rationale Receptor occupancy study has been performed to evaluate pharmacokinetic profiles in new antipsychotic drug development. While these findings highlight the value of positron emission tomography (PET) for dose-finding study, what is unclear is if it is necessary to conduct these studies in patients with schizophrenia or whether studies in healthy volunteers are adequate. Objectives To determine if it is necessary to conduct dopamine receptor occupancy studies in patients with schizophrenia or whether studies in healthy volunteers are adequate for dose-finding study, we compared the concentration?occupancy relationship in terms of EC50 between patients and healthy volunteers. Methods Ten healthy volunteers and eight patients with schizophrenia participated in the study. We measured ...

2011-01-01

285

The preparation of polyurethane foam combined with pH-sensitive alginate/bentonite hydrogel for wound dressings

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Polyurethane (PU) foam was combined with protein drug-loaded pH-sensitive alginate-bentonite hydrogel for wound dressings. Alginate is a linear copolymer composed of 1?4-linked ?-D-mannuronic acid (M) and its c-5-epimer ?-Lguluronic acid (G). The amount of (M) and (G) and their sequential distribution are varied depending on the alginate source. Soluble sodium alginate can become a hydrogel when cross-linked with divalent cations and has widespread applications in the food, drink, pharmaceutical and bioengineering industries. Recently, it has been also proposed as a biomaterial for drug delivery systems. Bentonites are the natural inorganic polymers consisting of a large proportion of expandable clay minerals with a three-layer structure such as montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, etc...

2011-01-01

286

The influence of ultrasound on the fluoroquinolones antibacterial activity

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this work, the antibacterial effect of fluoroquinolones (FQs) upon Escherichia coli (E.coli) was measured with and without application of 40kHz ultrasound (US) stimulation. The research results demonstrated that simultaneous application of 40kHz US apparently enhanced the antibacterial effectiveness of FQs. That is, the synergistic effect was observed and the bacterial viability was reduced when FQs and US were combined. In addition, various influencing factors, such as FQs drug concentration, US irradiation time and solution temperature, on the inhibition of E.coli were also investigated. The antibacterial activity was enhanced apparently with increasing of FQs drug concentration, US irradiation time and solution temperature. Furthermore, we discussed preliminarily the mechanism of US ...

2011-01-01

287

The central analgesia induced by antimigraine drugs is independent from Gi proteins: superiority of a fixed combination of indomethacin, prochlorperazine and caffeine, compared to sumatriptan, in an in vivo model

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A hypofunctionality of Gi proteins has been found in migraine patients. The fixed combination of indomethacin, prochlorperazine and caffeine (Indoprocaf) is a drug of well-established use in the acute treatment of migraine and tension-type headache. The aim of this study was to investigate if Indoprocaf was able to exert its central antinociceptive action when Gi proteins activity is abolished by pertussis toxin (PTX), compared to its single active ingredients and to sumatriptan. The mice model of abdominal constriction test induced by an i.p. injection of a 0.6% solution of acetic acid was used. The study showed that Indoprocaf (a fixed combination of indomethacin 1?mg/kg, prochlorperazine 1?mg/kg and caffeine 3?mg/kg, s.c.) and sumatriptan (20?mg/kg, s.c.) exert their central antinocicep...

2009-01-01

288

Study of epileptiform activity in cerebral ganglion of mud crab Scylla serrata

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An attempt is made to induce in mud crab (Scylla serrata) epileptiform activities that resemble the generalized epileptic seizures. Cerebral ganglion of crab was exposed in situ, to a convulsant drug pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) 100?mM, for induction of seizures. Also, crabs were pretreated with antiepileptic drug viz sodium valproate (120??mol/l) to inhibit epileptiform activities. The surface electrical discharges of cerebral ganglion were recorded using Unkelscope (MIT, USA) in control as well as experimental animals. The cerebral ganglion of crab showed a pattern of high cerebral electrical discharges after PTZ treatment compared to control. The sodium valproate promoted sedative action in control and prevented PTZ-mediated epileptiform discharges. Glutamate and GABA contents in cerebral g...

2011-01-01

289

Some sulfonamide drugs inhibit ATPase activity of heat shock protein 90: investigation by docking simulation and experimental validation

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Eight selected sulfonamide drugs were investigated as inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). The investigation included simulated docking experiments to fit the selected compounds within the binding pocket of Hsp90. The selected molecules were found to readily fit within the ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90 in low-energy poses. The sulfonamides torsemide, sulfathiazole, and sulfadiazine were found to inhibit the ATPase activity of Hsp90 with IC50 values of 1.0, 2.6, and 1.5 mM, respectively. Our results suggest that these well-established sulfonamides can be good leads for subsequent optimization into potent Hsp90 inhibitors.

2011-01-01

290

Rapid detection of drugs in biofluids using atmospheric pressure chemi/chemical ionization mass spectrometry

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We have demonstrated that, with simple pH adjustment, volatile drugs such as methamphetamine, amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), ketamine, and valproic acid could be analyzed rapidly from raw biofluid samples (e.g. urine and serum) without dilution, or extraction, using atmospheric pressure ionization. The ion source was a variant type of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) that used a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to generate the metastable helium gas and reagent ions. The sample solution was loaded in a disposable glass pipette, and the volatile compounds were purged by nitrogen gas to be reacted with the metastable helium gas. The electrodes of the DBD were arranged in such a way that the generated glow discharge was confined within the discharge tub...

2009-01-01

291

Practical applications and feasibility of efflux pump inhibitors in the clinic-A vision for applied use

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The world of antibiotic drug discovery and development is driven by the necessity to overcome antibiotic resistance in common Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. However, the lack of Gram-negative activity among both recently approved antibiotics and compounds in the developmental pipeline is a general trend despite the fact that the plethora of covered drug targets are well-conserved across the bacterial kingdom. Such intrinsic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is largely attributed to the activity of multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps. Moreover, these pumps also play a significant role in acquired clinical resistance. Together, these considerations make efflux pumps attractive targets for inhibition in that the resultant efflux pump inhibitor (EPI)/antibiotic combination d...

2006-01-01

292

Photodegradation of flupentixol in aqueous solution under irradiation at 254nm: Identification of the photoproducts generated

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

After irradiation at 254nm of aqueous solutions of the antipsychotic drug flupentixol, the structures of the photodegradation products were determined by ultra high performance liquid-chromatography linked to mass spectrometry. Fragmentation patterns of the parent ions were established on a hybrid linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometer allowing accurate mass measurements of both parent and daughter ions. This allowed to propose plausible structures for the main photolysis products of flupentixol. A total of nine photoproducts were detected after irradiation of the drug. The main photoproduct is generated following the addition of a hydroxyl group on the double bond adjacent to the thioxanthene ring. Secondary photoproducts were also observed.

2010-01-01

293

Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins: effects on drug permeation through biological membranes

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Objectives- Cyclodextrins are useful solubilizing excipients that have gained currency in the formulator's armamentarium based on their ability to temporarily camouflage undesirable physicochemical properties. In this context cyclodextrins can increase oral bioavailability, stabilize compounds to chemical and enzymatic degradation and can affect permeability through biological membranes under certain circumstances. This latter property is examined herein as a function of the published literature as well as work completed in our laboratories. Key findings- Cyclodextrins can increase the uptake of drugs through biological barriers if the limiting barrier component is the unstirred water layer (UWL) that exists between the membrane and bulk water. This means that cyclodextrins are mo...

2011-01-01

294

Opportunities for Russian Nuclear Weapons Institute developing computer-aided design programs for pharmaceutical drug discovery. Final report

One-electron redox reactions of pyrazolin-5-ones. A pulse radiolysis study of antipyrine and analogues

The goal of this study is to determine whether physicists at the Russian Nuclear Weapons Institute can profitably service the need for computer aided drug design (CADD) programs. The Russian physicists` primary competitive advantage is their ability to write particularly efficient code able to work with limited computing power; a history of working with very large, complex modeling systems; an extensive knowledge of physics and mathematics, and price competitiveness. Their primary competitive disadvantage is their lack of biology, and cultural and geographic issues. The first phase of the study focused on defining the competitive landscape, primarily through interviews with and literature searches on the key providers of CADD software. The second phase focused on users of CADD technology to determine deficiencies in the current product offerings, to understand what product they most desired, and to define the potential demand for such a product.

1996-09-23

295

Modeling of drug release from bulk-degrading polymers

One-electron oxidation of several derivatives of pyrazolin-5-one, including the drug antipyrine, were studied by pulse radiolysis of aqueous solutions. All the compounds were found to be oxidized by Br2 rapidly but considerably more slowly by weaker oxidants, such as peroxyl radicals. From redox equilibria using p-methoxyphenol and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine as reference compounds, the one-electron oxidation potentials of the methyl-substituted 2-pyrazolin-5-ones were found to be in the range of 0.32-0.39 V versus normal hydrogen electrode. The relevance of these findings to the properties of the drug nafazatrom is discussed. Antipyrine was found to have a much higher oxidation potential, estimated as 1.2-1.5 V, which is rationalized on the basis of the phenyl substitution and lack of resonance stabilization of the radical cation.

1985-10-01

296

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the various models or simulations for predicting drug release from bulk-degrading systems. A brief description of bulk degradation processes and factors affecting the degradation rate, and consequently the release kinetics, is presented first. Next, several important classical models, often used as the basis for subsequent model development, are discussed. Both mathematical models and Monte-Carlo based simulations have been developed for controlled release from bulk-degrading systems. The mathematical models can be further subdivided into two categories. First, the diffusion-based models whose transport mechanism is mainly governed by diffusion, but with degradation-dependent diffusion coefficients. These are generally simpler and easier...

2011-01-01

297

Isolation of functional mitochondria from rat kidney and skeletal muscle without manual homogenization

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Isolation of functional and intact mitochondria from solid tissue is crucial for studies that focus on the elucidation of normal mitochondrial physiology and/or mitochondrial dysfunction in conditions such as aging, diabetes, and cancer. There is growing recognition of the importance of mitochondria both as targets for drug development and as off-target mediators of drug side effects. Unfortunately, mitochondrial isolation from tissue is generally carried out using homogenizer-based methods that require extensive operator experience to obtain reproducible high-quality preparations. These methods limit dissemination, impede scale-up, and contribute to difficulties in reproducing experimental results over time and across laboratories. Here we describe semiautomated methods to disrupt tissue ...

2011-01-01

298

Impact of Cannabis Use on Male Sexual Health

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Introduction.- Cannabis (marijuana) is the most widely used illicit drug globally. Given the prevalence of nonprescription illicit drug abuse, there is a growing interest in the study of its potential effects on male sexual health. In this review, we discuss the effects of cannabis on male sexual health. Objective.- In this review, we discuss the effects of cannabis on male sexual health. Methods and Main Outcome Measure.- Critical review of scientific literature examining the impact of cannabis use on male sexual health. Results.- Studies examining the effects of cannabis use on male sexual function have been limited in both quality and quantity. Most results of these studies are conflicting and contradictory. While some did outline the beneficial effects of cannabis in enhancing...

2011-01-01

299

Immunosuppressant calcineurin inhibitors phase shift circadian rhythms and inhibit circadian responses to light

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

PP2B is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase that is ubiquitously expressed in mammals. Among other actions, it is an effector mechanism in NMDA-mediated glutamate neurotransmission as well as a regulator of GSK3? and MAPK signaling cascades. Because all of these mechanisms have demonstrable roles in the control of circadian rhythyms, we hypothesized that PP2B would be a key regulator of rhythm generation and entrainment, and that through inhibition of its phosphatase activity, the circadian system would be affected by immunosuppressant drug therapy. We report here that immunosuppressant drugs (cyclosporin A, FK506) (1) block the circadian responses to light that underlie photic entrainment; (2) produce circadian phase shifts with a characteristic nonphotic profile; and (3) disr...

2008-01-01

300

Development and validation of a reference measurement procedure for certification of phenytoin, phenobarbital, lamotrigine, and topiramate in human serum using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PHB), lamotrigine (LTG), and topiramate (TPM) are some of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Monitoring of their concentrations in serum is important for the treatment of epilepsy. A reference measurement procedure (RMP) for certification of PHT, PHB, LTG, and TPM in serum has been developed and critically evaluated. Isotopically labeled compounds of PHT, PHB, LTG, and TPM are used as internal standards for the four AEDs. The four drugs and their respective labeled internal standards are simultaneously extracted from serum using solid-phase extraction prior to reversed-phase liquid chromatography?tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was performed using a C18 column. Electrospray ionization (ESI) in the positive ion mo...

2011-01-01

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301

Creating reliable pharmaceutical distribution networks and supply chains in African countries: Implications for access to medicines

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The presence of inefficient distribution networks and supply chains of medicines creates problems in that even if African countries can secure steep, sustainable cost-containing procurements, access to needed medicines may still be impaired. The expected health benefits from affordable pricing or subsidies on prices of medicines may not be realized. This article evaluates drug supply chains in African countries and advocates for consolidated private wholesale markets and multiplicity of retail pharmacies. Public supply chains should be shortened and supported by contracting out with private distributors, including wholesalers and retail pharmacies. Additionally, drug regulatory authorities should be allowed to charge registration fees that are proportionate to the costs of technical regula...

2009-01-01

302

Assessment of oral toxicity and safety of 9-cis-UAB30, a potential chemopreventive agent, in rat and dog studies

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

9-cis-UAB30 is a potential chemopreventative agent that has been shown to be effective on many different types of tumors. The safety and toxicity of 9-cis-UAB30 had not been previously established. These studies were conducted to evaluate the potential toxicity and pharmacokinetics in a rodent and a nonrodent species for the purpose of investigational new drug submission. Oral gavage administration of 9-cis-UAB30 at the doses 0, 3, 15, and 100 ?mg/kg/day to CD? rats for 28 days showed a dose-dependent (although not dose-proportional) increase in plasma drug levels in week 4. The liver was the target organ for toxicity of 9-cis-UAB30. Hepatomegaly along with increases in serum aspartate-aminotransferase and alkaline-phosphatase levels were seen in rats. Moderate hypoalbuminemia and hyperglo...

2011-01-01

303

The interaction zone of a {gamma}{gamma} collider at TESLA; Die Wechselwirkungszone eines {gamma}{gamma}-Colliders bei TESLA

Tachyons and virtual fields for elementary particles in strong interaction. II

No abstract prepared.

2003-07-01

304

Study on the interactions between ginsenosides and lysozyme under acidic condition by ESI-MS and molecular docking

... momentum transfer propagator scattering scattering amplitudes strong

305

Simulation of Unsteady Rotor-Fuselage Aerodynamic Interaction Using Unstructured Adaptive Meshes

Not Available

2011-02-01

306

Protein-protein interactions and structural analysis of citrus proteins involved in transcriptional control during citrus canker disease

Full Text Available

2005-02-01

307

Neutron star evolution with internal heating

No abstract prepared.

2010-07-01

308

Interaction of silicides in the Pd - Mo - Si ternary system

The thermal evolution predicted by current models of the superfluid-crust interaction is noted to

1989-01-01

309

Interaction of an immunodominant epitope with Ia molecules in T-cell activation

... chemical reactions high temperature lattice parameters microhardness

310

Interaction Patterns in Dialogic Inquiry of Middle School Students in Small Groups in the Natural History Gallery

Udgivelsesdato: 1988-Jul

1988-01-01

311

If I Had - A Family History of Muscular Dystrophy

Full Text Available

2009-12-01

312

Electrostatic simulation of the modulated electron beam interaction with inhomogeneous plasma

... parent groups that are wonderful and lots of networking and a lot of interactions between the foundations, ...

313

Effect of Extracelluar Matrix on Cell-Surface Interactions and Growth of Cardiomyocyte(HL-1)

... Union (INTAS), Brussels (Belgium) Science and Technology Center in Unkraine,

2006-09-11

314

Domain Bridging Interactions. A Necessary Contribution to the Function and Structure of 'Escherichia coli' Aspartate Transcarbamoylase

Full Text Available

2010-01-01

315

Covariant open bosonic string field theory including the endpoint and middlepoint interaction

No abstract prepared.

2001-01-01

316

Character of interaction of magnesium borates with water

Extending the usual endpoint and midpoint interactions, we introduce numerous kinds of interactions, labelled by a parameter lambda and obtain a non-commutative and associative string field algebra by adding up all interactions. With this algebra we develop a covariant open bosonic string field theory, which reduces to Witten's open bosonic string field theory under a special string length choice.

1988-07-01

317

CAIN: Conglomerat d`ABEL et d`Interactions Non-lineaires

The nature of interaction of some boromagnesium minerals with water is studied, the main stages of interaction are established. The methods of thermo-gravimetric, X-ray phase and chemical analyses are applied to state intermediate and final phases of magnesium borate interaction with water. ''Preobrazhenskite'' - ''inderite'' paragenesis is established. The notion ''magnesium borate solubility'' is shown to be senseless.

1986-11-01

318

CAIN: Conglomerat d'ABEL et d'interactions non-lineaires

We present our plans for a Monte-Carlo code simulating all possible combinations of (electromagnetic) interactions between colliding electron, positron, and both high-energy and laser photon beams, based on the ABEL code for beam-beam interaction. The implementation and first results for the laser-e{sup -} interaction are described. ((orig.)).

1995-02-01

319

Alluvial fan and wetland interactions: evidence of seasonal slope wetlands from the Silurian of south central Wales, UK

We present our plans for a Monte-Carlo code simulating all possible combinations of (electromagnetic) interactions between colliding electron, positron, and both high-energy and laser photon beams, based, on the ABEL code for beam-beam interaction. The implementation and first results for the laser-e"- interaction are described.

1994-03-28

320

Akt interacts directly with Smad3 to regulate the sensitivity to TGF-beta-induced apoptosis

Not Available

2011-06-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

321

Off-shell Interactions for closed-string tachyons

No abstract prepared.

2004-04-12

322

Off-Shell Interactions of Closed-String Tachyons

Off-shell interactions for localized closed-string tachyons in C/Z{sub N} superstring backgrounds are analyzed and a conjecture for the effective height of the tachyon potential is elaborated. At large N, some of the relevant tachyons are nearly massless and their interactions can be deduced from the S-matrix. The cubic interactions between these tachyons and the massless fields are computed in a closed form using orbifold CFT techniques. The cubic interaction between nearly-massless tachyons with different charges is shown to vanish and thus condensation of one tachyon does not source the others. It is shown that to leading order in N, the quartic contact interaction vanishes and the massless exchanges completely account for the four point scattering amplitude. This indicates that it is necessary to go beyond quartic interactions or to include other fields to ...

2004-05-01

323

A neutrino-nucleon interaction generator for the FLUKA Monte Carlo code

Off-shell interactions for localized closed-string tachyons in C/Z{sub N} superstring backgrounds are analyzed and a conjecture for the effective height of the tachyon potential is elaborated. At large N, some of the relevant tachyons are nearly massless and their interactions can be deduced from the S-matrix. The cubic interactions between these tachyons and the massless fields are computed in a closed form using orbifold CFT techniques. The cubic interaction between nearly-massless tachyons with different charges is shown to vanish and thus condensation of one tachyon does not source the others. It is shown that to leading order in N, the quartic contact interaction vanishes and the massless exchanges completely account for the four point scattering amplitude. This indicates that it is necessary to go beyond quartic interactions or to include other fields to ...

2004-04-07

324

Where Do We Go from Here? Prevalence of Trachoma Three Years after Stopping Mass Distribution of Antibiotics in the Regions of Kayes and Koulikoro, Mali

Event generators that handle neutrino-nucleon interaction have been developed for the FLUKA code [1]. In earlier FLUKA versions only quasi-elastic (QEL) interactions were included, and the code relied on external event generators for the resonance (RES) and deep inelastic scattering (DIS). The new DIS+RES event generator is fully integrated in FLUKA and uses the same hadronization routines as those used for simulating hadron-nucleon interactions. Nuclear effects in neutrino-nucleus interactions are simulated within the same framework as in the FLUKA hadron-nucleus interaction model (PEANUT), thus profiting from its detailed physics modelling and longstanding benchmarking. The generators are available in the standard FLUKA distribution. They are presently under development and several improvements are planned to be implemented. The physics relevant to the neutrino-nucleon ...

2010-01-01

325

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

ObjectivesA national survey in 1997 demonstrated that trachoma was endemic in Mali. Interventions to control trachoma including mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin were...Full Text Available

326

Table of Contents

Abstract Overall Numbers Small, But Study Finds SSRI Exposure, Autism Link Additional Drug Safety, Efficacy Data Needed for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder SGA Safety and Efficacy in Children and Adolescents Aripiprazole Safety and Tolerability for Irritability in Autism No Lisdexamfetamine Effect on Sleep Disturbances in Children With ADHD Sickle Cell Disease With Comorbid Depression Homeopathy in Psychiatry Manic Symptoms Induced by Marijuana in a Healthy Adolescent New Warnings Safety Labeling Changes

2011-01-01

327

Table of Contents

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Clonidine Extended Release Augmentation of Psychostimulants in ADHD ADHD a Risk Factor for Substance Abuse; Cognitive Deficits Not a Predictor Commentary on Kollins et al.; Clonidine XR Augmentation for ADHD Pharmacologic Treatment of Childhood Insomnias Effects of Guanfacine Extended Release on Alertness in ADHD Long Term ADHD Drug Treatment Bipolar Disorder Rates Similar Across Selected Countries Group CBT Alone or Group CBT Plus SSRIs in Childhood Anxiety Resolution of Quetiapine-Induced Oral Dyskinesia From the FDA

2011-01-01

328

Syncope as a probable side effect to combination antiretroviral therapy initiated during primary HIV-1 infection

Structural basis of binding of fluorescent, site-specific dansylated amino acids to human serum albumin

A previously healthy young man experienced several episodes of syncope while being treated with tenofovir, emtricitabine and nevirapine initiated during primary HIV-1 infection. Symptoms disappeared after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy and we suggest that syncope may be a side effect to one of the three antiretroviral drugs that has not been described previously.

2008-01-01

329

Reinforcing Effects of ?-Receptor Agonists in Rats Trained to Self-Administer Cocaine

Human serum albumin (HSA) has two primary binding sites for drug molecules. These sites selectively bind different dansylated amino acid compounds, which—due to their intrinsic fluorescence—have...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

330

RMIT - Improving health and lifestyle

σ-Receptor (σR) antagonists have been reported to block certain effects of psychostimulant drugs. The present study examined the effects of σR ligands in rats trained to self-administer...Full Text Available

2010-02-01

331

Proteasome Inhibition in Human Breast Cancer Cells with High Catechol-O-methyltransferase Activity by Green tea polyphenol EGCG analogs

... 03/08/2011 Professor named Chair at Epworth Hospital Professor Nilmini Wickramasinghe from the College of Business at RMIT University has been named Epworth Chair, Health Information Management , by Epworth HealthCare. 26/07/2011 Study investigates drug-free relief for tension headaches As Australia marks its first National Pain Week ...

332

Practical approach to the loss of smell

A pro-drug 8 of a synthetic analog 7 is more active in its anti-proliferative activity against human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells possessing high Catechol-O-methyltransferase...Full Text Available

2010-02-01

333

Pharmaceutical Sciences - Elsevier

Loss of the sense of smell can be easily confirmed in any physician's office by having the patient try to identify various odors. The etiology of anosmia can be extremely varied, including nasopharyngeal disorders such as rhinitis and tumors; neurologic conditions such as head trauma, neoplasms, vascular lesions and infections of the central nervous system; viral infections; familial and congenital disorders; drugs; industrial exposure; endocrine diseases, and several other disorders. The prognosis of anosmia is guarded, and its treatment depends on the etiology.

1982-09-01

334

Neglected simultaneous bilateral femoral neck fractures secondary to narcotic drug abuse treated by bilateral one-staged hemiarthroplasty: a case report

...Resort and Convention Center, National Harbor, Maryland, USA September 18-20, 2011 XX HELSINKI DRUG RESEARCH CONGRESS Helsinki, Finland October 23-27, 2011 2011 AAPS Annual Meeting and Exposition Washington Convention Center Washington, DC June 26-29 2012 10th International Symposium on Pharmaceutical Sciences Ankara, Turkey Printer-friendly version Home | Elsevier ...

335

N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) Inhibits Intravenous Cocaine Self-Administration and Cocaine-Enhanced Brain-Stimulation Reward in Rats

Simultaneous bilateral femoral neck fractures are extremely rare and associated with various conditions. Up to now Most cases had correlations with major trauma, repetitive minor trauma, seizure, parathyroid...Full Text Available

336

Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy: a qualitative study of knowledge, attitudes and practices of district health managers, antenatal care staff and pregnant women in Korogwe District, North-Eastern Tanzania

Pharmacological activation of group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2 and mGlu3) receptors inhibits reward-seeking behavior and/or rewarding efficacy induced by drugs (cocaine, nicotine) or natural...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

337

Infection disclosure in the injecting dyads of Hungarian and Lithuanian injecting drug users who self-reported being infected with hepatitis C virus or human immunodeficiency virus.

BackgroundIntermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy (IPTp) is a key intervention in the national strategy for malaria control in Tanzania. SP, the current drug...Full Text Available

338

IJMS | Section: Physical Chemistry, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry | Special Issue: Recent Advances in Molecular Electronics

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of disclosure to network members of being hepatitis C virus (HCV)- or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected among injecting dyads of infected injection drug users (IDUs) in Budapest, Hungary and Vilnius, Lithuania,. Multivariate generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to assess associations. Very strong infection disclosure norms exist in Hungary, and HCV disclosure was associated with using drugs and having sex within the dyad. Non-ethnic Russian IDUs in Lithuania were more likely to disclose HCV infection to non-Roma, emotionally close and HCV-infected network members, and to those with whom they shared cookers, filters, drug solutions or rinse water or got used syringes from, and if they had fewer non-IDU or IDU network members. Ethnic Russian Lithuanian IDUs were more likely to disclose HCV if they had higher disclosure attitude and ...

2010-09-15

339

Hair shaft elongation, follicle growth, and spontaneous regression in long-term, gelatin sponge-supported histoculture of human scalp skin.

...Correction Discussion Editorial Letter Opinion Review Short Note Technical Note Special Issue all A Systematic Development Method for Rational Drug Design Advances in Molecular Electronic Structure Calculations Algorithms and Molecular Sciences Antimicrobial Agents Application of Density Functional Theory Applications of Density Functional Theory Applications of Molecular Dynamics Atoms in Molecules ...

340

Establishment of stable Huh-7 cell lines expressing various hepatitis C virus genotype 3a protein: an in-vitro testing system for novel anti-HCV drugs

In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms of human hair growth control and to test hair growth-modulatory drugs, appropriate in vitro models are required. Here, we report the long-term...Full Text Available

1992-09-15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

341

APSTNG: Neutron interrogation for detection of nuclear and CW weapons, explosives, and drugs

BackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis which progresses to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) afflicting > 170 million people worldwide....Full Text Available

342

A qualitative study of the feasibility and community perception on the effectiveness of artemether-lumefantrine use in the context of home management of malaria in south-west Nigeria

A recently developed neutron diagnostic probe system has the potential to satisfy a significant number of van-mobile and fixed- portal requirements for nondestructive verification of sealed munitions and detection of contraband explosives and drugs. The probe is based on a unique associated-particle sealed-tube neutron generator (APSTNG) that interrogates the object of interest with a low-intensity beam of 14-MeV neutrons generated from the deuterium-tritium reaction and that detects the alpha-particle associated with each neutron. Gamma-ray spectra of resulting neutron inelastic scattering and fission reactions identify nuclides associated with all major chemicals in chemical warfare agents, explosives, and drugs, as well as many pollutants and fissile and fertile special nuclear material. Flight times determined from determined from detection times of the gamma-rays and alpha-particles yield a separate tomographic image of each identified ...

1992-07-01

343

A DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and all-trans retinoic acid reduce oral cavity carcinogenesis induced by the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide.

BackgroundIn Nigeria ACT use at the community level has not been evaluated and the use of antimalarial drugs (commonly chloroquine (CQ)) at home has been shown to be largely incorrect....Full Text Available

344

Staging Transformations for Multimodal Web Interaction Management

The transcriptional silencing of some cell cycle inhibitors and tumor suppressors, such as p16 and retinoic acid receptor beta(2), by DNA hypermethylation at CpG islands is commonly found in human oral squamous carcinoma cells. We examined the effects of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza; 0.25 mg/kg body weight), all-trans retinoic acid (RA; given at 100 microg/kg body weight and 1 mg/kg body weight), and the combination of 5-Aza and the low-dose RA on murine oral cavity carcinogenesis induced by the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) in a mouse model. All the drug treatments were done for 15 weeks after a 10-week 4-NQO treatment. Mice in all drug treatment groups showed decreases in the average numbers of neoplastic tongue lesions. The combination of 5-Aza and RA effectively attenuated tongue lesion severity. Although all drug treatments limited the increase in the percentage of ...

2009-12-01

345

Characteristics of wave-particle interaction in a hydrogen plasma

Multimodal interfaces are becoming increasingly ubiquitous with the advent of mobile devices, accessibility considerations, and novel software technologies that combine diverse interaction media. In addition to improving access and delivery capabilities, such interfaces enable flexible and personalized dialogs with websites, much like a conversation between humans. In this paper, we present a software framework for multimodal web interaction management that supports mixed-initiative dialogs between users and websites. A mixed-initiative dialog is one where the user and the website take turns changing the flow of interaction. The framework supports the functional specification and realization of such dialogs using staging transformations -- a theory for representing and reasoning about dialogs based on partial input. It supports multiple interaction interfaces, and offers sessioning, caching, and ...

2003-01-01

346

Use of synthetic oligoribonucleotides to probe RNA-protein interactions in the MS2 translational operator complex.

We study the characteristics of cyclotron wave-particle interaction in a typical hydrogen plasma. The numerical calculations of minimum resonant energy Emin, resonant wave frequency ?, and pitch angle diffusion coefficient D?? for interactions between R-mode/L-mode and electrons/protons are presented. It is found that Emin decreases with ? for R-mode/electron, L-mode/proton and L-mode/electron interactions, but increase with ? for R-mode/proton interaction. It is shown that both R-mode and L-mode waves can efficiently scatter energetic (10 keV-100 keV) electrons and protons and cause precipitation loss at L=4, indicating that perhaps wave-particle interaction is a serious candidate for the ring current decay. (authors)

2008-09-01

347

Tumour-stromal interactions: Phenotypic and genetic alterations in mammary stroma - implications for tumour progression

Synthetic oligoribonucleotides have been used to probe the interaction of MS2 coat protein with the translational operator of the MS2 replicase gene. We have investigated the possible formation of a...Full Text Available

1990-06-25

348

Three-Dimensional Traction Force Microscopy: A New Tool for Quantifying Cell-Matrix Interactions

In addition to the well documented role of cytokines in mediating tissue-level interactions, it is now clear that matrix macromolecules fulfil a complementary regulatory function. Data highlighted in...Full Text Available

2001-01-01

349

Synaptic Signaling and Aberrant RNA Splicing in Autism Spectrum Disorders

The interactions between biochemical processes and mechanical signaling play important roles during various cellular processes such as wound healing, embryogenesis, metastasis, and cell migration. While...Full Text Available

350

Separate Mechanisms for Audio-Tactile Pitch and Loudness Interactions

Interactions between presynaptic and postsynaptic cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) drive synapse maturation during development. These trans-synaptic interactions are regulated by alternative splicing...Full Text Available

351

Selective Interaction of Lansoprazole and Astemizole with Tau Polymers: Potential New Clinical Use in Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

A major goal in perceptual neuroscience is to understand how signals from different sensory modalities are combined to produce stable and coherent representations. We previously investigated interactions...Full Text Available

352

Receptor Binding Sites and Antigenic Epitopes on the Fiber Knob of Human Adenovirus Serotype 3

We describe the interactions of two benzimidazole derivatives, astemizole (AST) and lansoprazole (LNS), with anomalous aggregates of tau protein (neurofibrillary tangles). Interestingly, these...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

353

Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Candida albicans Interactions: Localization and Fungal Toxicity of a Phenazine Derivative?

The adenovirus fiber knob causes the first step in the interaction of adenovirus with cell membrane receptors. To obtain information on the receptor binding site(s), the interaction of labeled cell...Full Text Available

1998-11-01

354

Phosphorylated PmrA Interacts with the Promoter Region of ugd in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Phenazines are redox-active small molecules that play significant roles in the interactions between pseudomonads and diverse eukaryotes, including fungi. When Pseudomonas aeruginosa...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

355

Lagranzheva dinamika kollektivnykh vzaimodejstvij v potokakh diskretnykh izluchatelej. (Lagrange dynamics of collective interactions in flows of discrete radiators).

The Salmonella PmrA-PmrB system controls the expression of genes necessary for polymyxin B resistance. Four loci were previously identified as part of the regulon, and interaction of...Full Text Available

2000-07-01

356

Interpopulation hybridization results in widespread viability selection across the genome in Tigriopus californicus

Analytical method of theoretical simulation of collective hydrodynamic instabilities of intensive flows of discrete radiators, interacting with each other only through the coherent fields of their spontaneous radiation in corresponding media was suggested...

1989-01-01

357

Interaction effects of ethanol and pyrazole in laboratory rodents

BackgroundGenetic interactions within hybrids influence their overall fitness. Understanding the details of these interactions can improve our understanding of speciation. One experimental...Full Text Available

358

In Vitro Flower Bud Formation in Tobacco: Interaction of Hormones ¹

1. Interactions of pyrazole and ethanol were studied in three laboratory test procedures. They included sleeping time in mice, rotor rod balance in rats and lever pressing behaviour of rats. 2....Full Text Available

1971-09-01

359

Identification of the Neoplastically Transformed Cells in Marek's Disease Herpesvirus-Induced Lymphomas: Recognition by the Monoclonal Antibody AV37

External application of auxin and cytokinin is required for the formation of flower buds on thin-layer tissue explants of Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun. Interaction between both plant...Full Text Available

1991-09-01

360

Factors influencing the in vitro interaction between immunoglobulins and isolated C1: a critical study

Understanding the interactions between herpesviruses and their host cells and also the interactions between neoplastically transformed cells and the host immune system is fundamental to understanding...Full Text Available

2002-07-01

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361

Entropic effects in channel-facilitated transport: Inter-particle interactions break the flux symmetry

The C1 fixation test is widely used for the study of the interaction between immunoglobulins, their fragments and the complement system. Some factors influencing the apparent extent of the C1 fixation...Full Text Available

1978-05-01

362

Electroweak interactions and high-energy limit

We analyze transport through conical channels due to the difference in particle concentration on the two sides of the membrane. Because of the detailed balance, fluxes of non-interacting particles...Full Text Available

2009-08-01

363

Critical superparamagnetic/single-domain grain sizes in interacting magnetite particles: implications for magnetosome crystals

A pedagogical introduction to the equivalence theorem for longitudinal vector bosons in electroweak theories is given and the problem of tree-level unitarity at high energies in models of electroweak interactions is briefly reviewed. To make the treatment self-containded, the basic of the Standard Model are summarized in an appendix.

1996-01-01

364

Conventional detectors for a photon-photon collider

Magnetotactic bacteria contain chains of magnetically interacting crystals (magnetosome crystals), which they use for navigation (magnetotaxis). To improve magnetotaxis efficiency, the magnetosome crystals...Full Text Available

2009-12-06

365

Computer Simulation of Geothermal Reservoirs.

Detectors for a photon-photon collider are envisaged using as guide-lines the physics goals and the interaction point environment. Production of SUSY Higgs scalar and pseudo-scalar is emphasized. Some aspects of the interaction point environment are discussed. ((orig.)).

1995-02-01

366

Comparisons of three polyethyleneimine-derived nanoparticles as a gene therapy delivery system for renal cell carcinoma

General balance laws and constitutive relations are developed for convective hydrothermal geothermal reservoirs. A fully interacting rock-fluid system is considered; typical rock-fluid interactions involve momentum and energy transfer, and the dependence ...

1975-01-01

367

Cardiac Myosin Is a Substrate for Zipper-interacting Protein Kinase (ZIPK)*

BackgroundPolyethyleneimine (PEI), which can interact with negatively charged DNA through electrostatic interaction to form nanocomplexes, has been widely attempted to use as a gene...Full Text Available

368

Brains swinging in concert: cortical phase synchronization while playing guitar

Zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) is a member of the death-associated protein kinase family associated with apoptosis in nonmuscle cells where it phosphorylates myosin regulatory light chain...Full Text Available

2010-02-19

369

Biochemical characterization of the molecular interaction between recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor and a recombinant soluble fibroblast growth factor receptor.

BackgroundBrains interact with the world through actions that are implemented by sensory and motor processes. A substantial part of these interactions consists in synchronized goal-directed...Full Text Available

370

Antibodies to synthetic peptides from the tubulin regulatory domain interact with tubulin and microtubules.

The extracellular domain of human fibroblast growth factor receptor (XC-FGF-R) was expressed in Escherichia coli. The protein was purified to homogeneity and the interaction with basic fibroblast growth...Full Text Available

1993-09-15

371

Algebraic analysis of the electromagnetic wave interaction with the two-level system with two-fold degenerated states

The carboxyl-terminal region of tubulin alpha and beta subunits plays a major role in regulating its assembly into microtubules and constitutes an essential domain for the selective interaction of microtubule-associated...Full Text Available

1988-09-01

372

A faster pedigree-based generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method for detecting gene-gene interactions

Algebraic properties of the analytical model, describing electro-magnetic weak interaction with the two-level system with two-fold degenerate state are considered. The expressions for the coherent states and Green function of the system are obtained.

1989-04-20

373

40 Years of research at Risoe: A platform for the future - interacting with industry and society

We proposed a faster pedigree-based generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction algorithm, called PedG-MDR II (PII), to detect gene-gene interactions underlying complex traits. Inherited...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

374

3G279: the interaction of reagent-demulsifiers and oil components

Risoe`s 40th anniversary was celebrated June 3, 1998 by a symposium held at Risoe. The interaction of research at Risoe with academia and industry was presented in both national and international perspective. Most of the presentations are in English, a few in Danish. (au)

1998-08-01

375

The adsorption interaction of different types of demulsifiers and the oils of Western Siberia is covered. The high adsorption capacity of Separol-5084 and disolvan-4490 reagents is established. The positive role of this phenomen in breaking aqueous oil emulsifiers is theoretically substantiated and experimentally confined.

1981-01-01

376

jahresbericht6.5NEU

Two-step or finite-range effects in charge-exchange reactions

The industrial revolution changed the pattern of human interaction with nature profoundly.Not only did social metabolism

377

The structure of the transitional N=59 nucleus "1"0"1Mo

... charge-exchange reactions dwba finite-range interactions helium 3 reactions

1975-04-07

378

The interaction zone of a #gamma##gamma# collider at TESLA

... fermions interacting boson model molybdenum 101 neutron-rich isotopes

1987-03-23

379

THIN FILM ACOUSTO-OPTIC DEVICES - REVIEW AND ...

German 2003 p. 24 Germany Klemz, G. Moenig, K. Sekaric, J. Stahl,

380

Spectra of protons produced in 24 MeV alpha particle interactions with "6"4Zn

... Abstract : MANY THIN FILM ACOUSTO-OPTIC INTERACTION EXPERIMENTS FOR ... CONVERTERS, AND FOR FAST SWITCHES HAVE BEEN ...

1974-11-01

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381

Short note. 1 ref.; 1 tab.

1989-04-18

382

Sheet1

Real-time Interactive Control of Magnetic Resonance Imaging System Using High-speed Digital Signal Processors

... 15, 14, Robert Constable, Cornell University, NY, Building Interactive Digital Libraries of Formal Algorithmic Knowledge, Navy. ...

383

Proceedings of ARO Workshop Biostructures as Composite ...

Full Text Available

2003-09-01

384

Phenomenological interaction between current quarks

... interactive surfaces and interfaces, and 3) the more complex a ... carbonate or calcium phosphate with a thin interface ... diameter) for nerve prosthesis. ...

1990-03-01

385

NMR analysis of the structure of synaptobrevin and of its interaction with syntaxin

We construct a phenomenological model which describes the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB) of a QCD vacuum and reproduces meson spectra. Quark condensates, the pion decay constant, and meson spectra are well reproduced by the phenomenological interaction which consists of a linear confining potential, a Coulombic potential, and the close-quote t Hooft determinant interaction. In this model, the close-quote t Hooft determinant interaction plays an important role to not only the mass difference between the #eta# and #eta#"' mesons, but other meson masses through DCSB. copyright 1997 The American Physical Society.

386

Model-independent analysis of the neutron-proton final-state interaction region in the pp{yields}pn{pi}{sup +} reaction

Synaptobrevin is a synaptic vesicle protein that has an essential role in exocytosis and forms the SNARE complex with syntaxin and SNAP-25. We have analyzed the structure of isolated synaptobrevin and its binary interaction with syntaxin using NMR spectroscopy. Our results demonstrate that isolated synaptobrevin is largely unfolded in solution. The entire SNARE motif of synaptobrevin is capable of interacting with the isolated C-terminal SNARE motif of syntaxin but only a few residues bind to the full-length cytoplasmic region of syntaxin. This result suggests an interaction between the N- and C-terminal regions of syntaxin that competes with core complex assembly.

1999-07-15

387

Making the Golden Connection: Reversible Mechanochemical and Vapochemical Switching of Luminescence from Bimetallic Gold-Silver Clusters Associated through Aurophilic Interactions.

No abstract prepared.

2002-03-01

388

Low-energy high-current electron beam generation in plasma systems and beam-plasma interaction

PMID:21910487

2011-09-21

389

Interaction between flavonoid, quercetin and surfactant aggregates with different charges

... Union (INTAS), Brussels (Belgium) Science and Technology Center in Unkraine,

2006-09-11

390

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The interactions of flavonoid, quercetin with sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic surfactant) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (cationic surfactant) micelles were investigated. The average location site of quercetin in different micelles was determined by the cyclic voltammetry method with the aid of molecular optimization. The interaction parameters of quercetin with micelles of different charges such as binding constant K and normal binding energy DG were calculated. Furthermore, the morphologic change of the SDS and CTAB spherical micelles and rod-like micelles upon their interaction with quercetin was also observed.

2006-01-01

391

Interaction between an harmonic oscillator and a perfectly conducting wedge; Interacao entre um oscilador harmonico e uma cunha perfeitamente condutora

Interaction Of Human La Protein With The Internal Ribosome Entry Site Of Hepatitis C Virus : Functional Role In Mediating Internal Initiation Of Translation

No abstract prepared.

2008-07-01

392

Indian Institute of Science Theses & Dissertations (India)

Full Text Available

2004-07-01

393

Instrumentation in Support of Interactive Visualization ...

Information Technology Glossary - NASA

... By virtual environments, we meant an immersive visual and audio technology such that experimenter has little or no awareness of the real ...

1997-06-01

394

INTERACTIONS OF COHERENT OPTICAL RADIATION WITH ...

Information Technology Glossary of Terms. Applets: Programs that run inside net browsers, usually in Java and typically involving modestly interactive ...

395

Genomic Careers: Interactive Videos

... and flashtube. Unfortunately, we had insufficient laser intensity to use the harmonic from a KDP crystal as a monitor. This ...

1964-08-31

396

Finite element calculations for eddy current interactions with collinear slots

... the nature of DNA testing. 07:56 - President / CEO of a Biotechnology / Pharmaceutical Company - Sherri Bale President ...

397

Direct interactions in neutron inelastic scattering spectra

The results of finite element calculations detailing the interactions of eddy currents with fine collinear slots in nonferromagnetic and ferromagnetic conductors are presented. These are applicable to both remote field eddy current inspection tools and conventional reflected impedance eddy current probes. The calculations show that, while fine slots have little interaction with collinear induced currents in nonferromagnetic conductors, there are much larger effects in ferromagnetic conductors. This is due to magnetic field interactions. The term eddy current inspection' is therefore somewhat restrictive and the much broader term electromagnetic inspection' is proposed.

1994-01-01

398

Description of odd-A nuclei in the Pt region in the interacting boson-fermion model

Inelastically scattered neutron spectra and angular distributions measured for a number of nuclei at the 9.1 and 14.4 MeV incident neutron energies are fitted well as a sum of neutron evaporation spectrum and the direct interaction part. For the last one the practical scheme of parametrization based on direct interaction theory is presented. The relative contribution of direct interactions in double differential cross sections and parameters of neutron evaporation spectra have been evaluated. All results have a simple physical interpretation and may be useful at interpolating of data in a wide energy interval.

1976-07-06

399

Description of odd-A nuclei in the Pt region in the interacting boson-fermion model

Properties of unique parity states in odd-proton (/sub 77/Ir, /sub 79/Au) and odd-neutron nuclei (/sub 78/Pt) are investigated in the framework of the interacting boson-fermion approximation model. The core (boson)-particle (fermion) interaction is represented by a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction and an exchange term, which takes into account the effects of the Pauli exclusion principle. The even-even core nucleus is described in terms of the IBA-1 hamiltonian. The change in the properties of the corresponding odd-A nuclei can be interpreted in terms of a transition of the core hamiltonian between the O(6) and SU(3) limiting cases.

1982-05-03

400

ASPECTS OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WATERJET ...

Properties of unique parity states in odd-proton (_7_7Ir, _7_9Au) and odd-neutron nuclei (_7_8Pt) are investigated in the framework of the interacting boson-fermion approximation model. The core (boson)-particle (fermion) interaction is represented by a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction and an exchange term, which takes into account the effects of the Pauli exclusion principle. The even-even core nucleus is described in terms of the IBA-1 hamiltonian. The change in the properties of the corresponding odd-A nuclei can be interpreted in terms of a transition of the core hamiltonian between the O(6) and SU(3) limiting cases. (orig.).

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

401

The impact of fourth-order exchange interactions on the thermal variation of the order parameter

... Propulsive efficiency is equivalent to the product of thrust efficiency and the hull/waterjet interaction efficiency. ... t'waterjet pump Ktorque repeated ...

1967-10-01

402

The hyperon neutron star mean-field model

The thermal decrease of the order parameter can empirically be described by a single T{sup {epsilon}} power law with an exponent {epsilon} which depends on the dimensionality of the magnetic interactions and on whether the spin quantum number is integral or half-integral. We present experimental examples in which the order parameter shows a crossover between different T{sup {epsilon}} power laws as a function of temperature. This indicates that the magnetic interactions can change their dimensionality as a function of temperature. (orig.)

2002-07-01

403

The chemical properties of silica particle surface in relation to silica-cell interactions

The properties of strange neutron stars have been studied with the use of the parameter sets stemming from the effective field theory. The impact of the strength of hyperon interactions on neutron star masses has been analyzed. The inclusion of additional nonlinear meson interaction terms together with the strong hyperon-hyperon interaction leads to the existence of additional stable stellar configurations. (authors)

2007-05-15

404

On the model of the nuclear shock wave generation in pion-nuclear collisions

Although silicosis has been studied extensively, the mechanism is still not fully understood. Experiments do provide evidence that the actions of unique properties of silica surface on the cell membrane are the starting point of silicotic processes. This paper summarizes literature on chemical properties of silica surface, and the effect of particle size on silica toxicity. This paper also discusses the ways in which silica dusts are though to interact with the cell membrane, with emphasis on freshness, hydrogen bonding, and free-radical interactions.

1989-01-01

405

Nature of the short-range interaction between noble gas atoms and metal surfaces

Peak at 60 deg in angular proton distribution in inelastic pion-carbon interactions is interpreted as generation of Cherenkov gluon radiation in flucton, passing into the shock wave with successive nucleus decay. Investigation of hadron-nuclear interactions with anomalous peak in angular proton distribution can be used as additional means for study both of flucton and mechanism of hadron-nuclear interactions. 5 refs.

406

Loss of light charged particles by nuclear interactions in BaF[sub 2] crystals

I propose that an interpretation of the interaction of noble gas atoms with metal surfaces as predominantly physisorbing provides the best explanation for the systematics of their binding energies and surface dipoles, as well as for the tendency of noble gas atoms to bind in low coordinated sites. In the present context physisorption is defined as a process driven by the overlap of the electrostatic atomic potentials of the interacting species. (orig.)

2007-06-15

407

Large-Scale Computations Leading to a First-Principles Approach to Nuclear Structure

The nuclear interaction probability of light charged particles in BaF[sub 2] crystals has been studied as a function of the incident particle energy. Light charged particles were identified in charge and mass by measuring their magnetic rigidity and their time-of-flight. The percentage of particles undergoing nuclear interactions has been measured for particles of charge from Z=1 to Z=6 and the experimental data are compared with the results of a model calculation. (orig.)

1993-07-15

408

Hyperfine Interaction in USb2 Crystal

We report on large-scale applications of the ab initio, no-core shell model with the primary goal of achieving an accurate description of nuclear structure from the fundamental inter-nucleon interactions. In particular, we show that realistic two-nucleon interactions are inadequate to describe the low-lying structure of {sup 10}B, and that realistic three-nucleon interactions are essential.

2003-08-18

409

Global effects of interactions on galaxy evolution

The hyperfine interactions at the uranium site in the antiferromagnetic USb2 compound were calculated within the density functional theory (DFT) employing augmented plane wave plus local orbital (APW+lo) method. We investigated the dependence of the nuclear quadruple interaction to the magnetic structure in USb2 compound. The result shows that the 5f-electrons have the tendency to be hybridized with the conduction electrons.

2007-01-01

410

Environmental interactions working group report

Recent observations of the evolutionary properties of paired and interacting galaxies are reviewed, with special emphasis on their global emission properties and star formation rates. Data at several wavelengths provide strong confirmation of the hypothesis, proposed originally by Larson and Tinsley, that interactions trigger global bursts of star formation in galaxies. The nature and properties of the starbursts, and their overall role in galactic evolution are also discussed.

1990-11-01

411

Drilling fluid/formation interaction at simulated in situ geothermal conditions. Final report

Interactions between spacecraft systems and the space charged particle environment are reviewed and recommendations are presented for both near-term and far-term research considerations. Transient environment models, large space structures, solar and nuclear power systems/environment interactions, single event upsets, material degradation, and planetary missions are addressed.

1984-04-01

412

Automatically Generating Interfaces for Personalized Interaction with Digital Libraries

Interaction of drilling fluids with a geothermal reservoir formation can result in significant permeability impairment and therefore reduced well productivity. This interaction is studied under simulated in situ geothermal conditions of overburden stress, pore fluid pressure, temperature, and pore fluid chemistry. Permeability impairment of an East Mesa KGRA reservoir material is evaluated as a function of stagnation time, drilling fluid, and temperature. Results indicate that all of these parameters contribute significantly to the magnitude and the reversibility of the impairment.

1980-07-01

413

Study of protein-protein interactions in under saturated and supersaturated lysozyme solutions in heavy water as a function of temperature; Etude des interactions proteine-proteine en solutions sous-saturees et sursaturees de lysozyme dans l`eau lourde en fonction de la temperature

We present an approach to automatically generate interfaces supporting personalized interaction with digital libraries; these interfaces augment the user-DL dialog by empowering the user to (optionally) supply out-of-turn information during an interaction, flatten or restructure the dialog, and enquire about dialog options. Interfaces generated using this approach for CITIDEL are described.

2004-01-01

414

Reduction of cadmium toxicity to green microalga Stichococcus bacillaris by manganese

We have studied freshly prepared lysozyme solutions in heavy water for two NaCl concentrations as a function of temperature. Lysozyme solubilities in this solvent are determined by static light scattering. By small angle neutron scattering, we evidence that interactions between lysozyme molecules are characterized by a second virial coefficient A{sub 2} whether the solution is under-saturated or supersaturated. From the variation of A{sub 2} as a function of temperature we have evaluated the enthalpy corresponding to the interaction between lysozyme molecules. We show that the interactions between protein molecules are higher in heavy water than in light water. (authors). 13 refs., 3 figs.

1996-04-01

415

Investigations of cadmium toxicity to microorganisms are now more concerned with the interactions of cadmium with different environmental factors and other metals. The interactions are complex and have not been thoroughly studied yet. Metal interactions may assume the form of synergism characterized by increase in toxicity, but also of antagonism in which one metal reduces the toxicity of another. Apart from cadmium interactions with such toxic metals as mercury and lead, interactions of cadmium with the essential trace elements seem to be very interesting because it has been assumed that algal cells take up cadmium by the system transporting these elements. A previous study showed that cadmium transport into Stichococcus bacillaris cells was inhibited by Mn/sup 2 +/ ions. Thus, it can be supported that there exist some possibilities of using those ions antagonistic to cadmium as ...

1988-12-01

416

Do Spinors Frame-Drag?

Density functional theory and topological analysis on the hydrogen bonding interactions in cysteine-thymine complexes

We investigate the effect of the intrinsic spin of a fundamental spinor field on the surrounding spacetime geometry. We show that despite the lack of a rotating stress-energy source (and despite claims to the contrary) the intrinsic spin of a spin-half fermion gives rise to a frame-dragging effect analogous to that of orbital angular momentum, even in Einstein-Hilbert gravity where torsion is constrained to be zero. This resolves a paradox regarding the counter-force needed to restore Newton's third law in the well known spin-orbit interaction. In addition, the frame-dragging effect gives rise to a {\\it long-range} gravitationally mediated spin-spin dipole interaction coupling the {\\it internal} spins of two sources. We argue that despite the weakness of the interaction, the spin-spin interaction will dominate over the ordinary inverse square Newtonian interaction in any process ...

2009-01-01

417

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Hydrogen bonding interactions between amino acids and nucleic acid bases constitute the most important interactions responsible for the specificity of protein binding. In this study, complexes formed by hydrogen bonding interactions between cysteine and thymine have been studied by density functional theory. The relevant geometries, energies, and IR characteristics of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) have been systematically investigated. The quantum theory of atoms in molecule and natural bond orbital analysis have also been applied to understand the nature of the hydrogen bonding interactions in complexes. More than 10 kinds of H-bonds including intra- and intermolecular H-bonds have been found in complexes. Most of intermolecular H-bonds involve O (or N) atom as H-acceptor, whereas the...

2011-01-01

418

Convergent Flows: Humanities Scholars and Their Interactions with Electronic Texts

The phospholipid vesicles coating on metal chelated inorganic surfaces

This article reports research findings related to converging formats, media, practices, and ideas in the process of academics' interaction with electronic texts during a research project. The findings are part of the results of a study that explored interactions of scholars in literary and historical studies with electronic texts as primary materials. Electronic texts were perceived by the study participants as fluid entities because the electronic environment promotes seamless interactions with a variety of media and formats. Working with electronic texts combines some traditional information and research practices into new patterns of information behavior. The practice called "netchaining" combines aspects of networking with information-seeking practices to establish and shape online information chains, which link sources and people. Different forms of exploration of participants' research questions were enabled by ...

2008-07-01

419

Simultaneous determination of dorzolamide HCL and timolol maleate in eye drops by two different spectroscopic methods.

This work showed the formation of phospholipid vesicle coating on inorganic sericite surface with characterization by combining electron microscopy of FE-SEM, TEM, AFM, and qualitatively evaluated the coated phospholipid vesicle by XPS as a function of etching time. The possibility of phospholipid vesicle mobility on the surface was restrained by the chelation effect of magnesium cation. The stabilization properties of phospholipid vesicles on sericite surface were demonstrated by the various concentration of magnesium cation. The presence of magnesium was found to have a much more pronounced influence on the lipid deposition process. The Mg cation plays an important role for attaching the phospholipids with optimum concentration of 7 mM. Totally, the phospholipid vesicles coating on inorganic powder could be useful for bio-related fields such as cosmetics and drug delivery system as the key functional compounds. We hope this basic result lead to a general and ...

2007-09-01

420

Protracted ethanol withdrawal in rats: Tolerance to the anxiolytic effects of diazepam and pentobarbital but not phenobarbital

Two-component mixtures of dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate were assayed by first derivative and ratio derivative spectrophotometric methods. The first method, derivative spectrophotometry, by the zero-crossing measurements, was used due to the drugs closely overlapping absorption spectra. Linear calibration graphs of first derivative values at 250.3 nm for dorzolamide hydrochloride and 315.8 nm for timolol maleate. The second method, is based on ratio first derivative spectrophotometry, the amplitudes in the first derivative of the ratio spectra at 242.9 and at 223.5 nm were selected to determine dorzolamide and timolol maleate in the binary mixture. Calibration graphs were established for 8.0-30.0 microg ml(-1) for dorzolamide hydrochloride and 3.0-24.6 microg ml(-1) for timolol maleate in binary mixture. Good linearity, precision and selectivity were found, and the proposed methods were applied successfully to the pharmaceutical dosage from ...

2002-04-15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

421

Primary gonadal damage following treatment of brain tumors in childhood

Anxiety is a common symptom during ethanol withdrawal contributing to its continuous abuse and alcoholism. Ethanol withdrawal in rats produces an interoceptive discriminative stimulus (IDS) similar to that produced by the anxiogenic drug pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). This stimulus peaks at 12 hours after last dose of ethanol and thereafter the IDS is detected for several days (protracted withdrawal) by sensitization to a probe drug. previously, the authors have shown that during the protracted withdrawal, the IDS is enhanced by GABA receptor antagonists suggesting alteration of brain GABA systems. This report provides further evidence that chronic ethanol alters GABAergic systems. Rats were trained to discriminate PTZ (20 mg/kg, ip) from saline. Diazepam, pentobarbital and phenobarbital blocked the PTZ-IDS dose dependently. Ethanol, 4.5% w/v, was then given in a nutritionally complete diet for a week. On termination of the ethanol diet, rats ...

1990-02-26

422

Involvement of the NF-?B pathway in multidrug resistance induced by HBx in a hepatoma cell line.

Gonadal function was studied in two groups of children previously treated for medulloblastoma with surgery followed by postoperative craniospinal irradiation. In group 1 but not in group 2, the children also received adjuvant chemotherapy for one to two years. All children in group 1 received a nitrosourea (BCNU or CCNU), plus vincristine in four and procarbazine in three patients. The nine children in group 1 showed clinical and biochemical evidence of gonadal damage with elevated serum FSH concentrations and, in the boys, small testes for their stage of pubertal development. In group 2 (n . 8), each child had completed pubertal development normally, the boys had adult sized testes and the girls regular menses. Gonadotropin values were normal in all eight children. We conclude that nitrosoureas were responsible for the gonadal damage in the children in group 1, with procarbazine also contributing to the damage in the three children who received this drug. In view ...

1983-10-01

423

Influence of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on gastrointestinal lead absorption and whole-body lead retention

Summary.? It is widely believed that hepatocellular cancer (HCC), especially HBV associated HCC, is highly resistant to chemotherapy. To investigate the molecular influence of HBx protein on multidrug resistance (MDR) in HCC and the potential role of the NF-?B pathway in this process. We established HBx-expressing cells by liposome-mediated transfection of the HBx into the HepG2 cell line. We found that HBx expression in HCC cells induces drug resistance against multiple drugs, a significantly lower apoptosis ratio in HepG2-HBx and HepG2.2.15 cells, compared with HepG2 and HepG2-3.1 cells (P?HCC cells were downregulated by IMD-0354 treatment, which is the NF-?B pathway inhibitor. Taken together, these results suggest that HBx protein might be one of the causes for the occurrence of MDR in HCC, and the NF-?B pathway might be involved in this change. PMID:21914061

2011-05-27

424

IAEA RESEARCH CONTRACTS SECOND ANNUAL REPORT. Technical Reports Series No. 9

2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) is a new orally active heavy metal chelator for the treatment of childhood Pb intoxication on an outpatient basis. The influence of DMSA, as well as other chelating agents, on gastrointestinal 203Pb absorption and whole-body "2"0"3Pb retention was examined. Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (230-260 g) were gavaged with a solution containing approximately 25 mg/kg Pb [as Pb(NO_3)2] plus 15 microCi "2"0"3Pb. Some groups were then immediately given 0.11 mmol/kg of either DMSA, CaNa2EDTA, D-penicillamine, or BAL by oral gavage, while other groups received the same drugs by ip injection. Control groups received solutions of the drug vehicles po or ip. Whole-body Pb retention and gastrointestinal Pb absorption (whole body retention + urinary Pb excretion) were significantly decreased in rats that received DMSA po. This finding implies that the use of DMSA to treat childhood lead intoxication on an outpatient basis is ...

425

Evaluation of the release rate of bioactive recombinant human epidermal growth factor from crosslinking collagen sponges.

Summaries are presented for those research contracts which expired between December 31, 1960 and December 31, 1981. Topics covered include: factors controlling distribution of fission products in biosphere, non-destructive methods of evaluating the U/sup 235/ and Pu content of irradiated fuel elements, studies of contamination in local marine resources, tracer studies of anemia, non-destructive analysis of irradiated fuel elements using a flux integrating monitor, mechanism of proteolysis of I/sup 131/-labeled fibrinogen, radiosensitivity of spermatogonia of Drosophila melel elements by gamma scanning, uptake and loss of radioactive material by marine bacteria, factors which influence the movement of radioactive strontium from soils to plants, biological concentration of fission products in mollusks from water, decay scheme of Tl/sup 210/, calcium balance in metabolic bone disease, development of radioactive drugs with special reference ...

1962-01-01

426

Erratum to: Inhibition of triclabendazole metabolism in vitro by ketoconazole increases disruption to the tegument of a triclabendazole-resistant isolate of Fasciola hepatica

The purpose of this study was to prepare recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) collagen sponges for topical applications and investigate the effects of different types of crosslinked collagen sponges as platforms for the controlled release of rhEGF. The microstructure and the drug release rates of collagen sponges were modified through treatment with different types (glutaraldehyde (GTA), genipin and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)), different concentrations of crosslinking agents and various preparation conditions. A controlled release profile was observed for the crosslinked collagen sponges as compared to the non-crosslinked ones. The results indicated that the GTA crosslinked sponges have the most potent controlling effect. As the amount of GTA increased, a greater rigidity of the collagen sponge structure combined with a lower hydrophilicity was observed, leading to a decreased drug release rate and an ...

2007-10-04

427

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A study has been carried out to investigate whether the action of triclabendazole (TCBZ) against Fasciola hepatica is altered by inhibition of drug metabolism. The cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) enzyme pathway was inhibited using ketoconazole (KTZ) to see whether a TCBZ-resistant isolate could be made more sensitive to TCBZ action. The Oberon TCBZ-resistant and Cullompton TCBZ-susceptible isolates were used for these experiments. The CYP 450 system was inhibited by a 2-h pre-incubation in ketoconazole (40??M), then incubated for a further 22?h in NCTC medium containing either KTZ, KTZ?+?nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (1?nM), KTZ?+?NADPH?+?TCBZ (15??g/ml), or KTZ?+?NADPH?+?triclabendazole sulphoxide (TCBZ.SO; 15??g/ml). Changes to fluke ultrastructure following drug treatmen...

2011-01-01

428

Effects of the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716 (rimonabant) and d-amphetamine on palatable food and food pellet intake in non-human primates

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The purpose of this study was to determine if a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist would selectively decrease consumption of highly palatable food in non-human primates. The CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 (rimonabant; 0.12?1.0?mg/kg, i.m.) and the stimulant anorectic drug d-amphetamine (0.12?1.0?mg/kg, i.m.) were administered to non-food deprived baboons for the purpose of measuring the effect of each drug on consumption of the normal diet, and a large single meal of a high-carbohydrate candy. Four male and four female baboons had access to food 24?h each day, but they had to complete a two phase operant procedure in order to eat. Responding on one lever during a 30-min appetitive phase was required before animals could start a consumption phase, where responding on another lever led to...

2007-01-01

429

Common colorectal cancer risk variants in SMAD7 are associated with survival among prediagnostic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug users: A population-based study of postmenopausal women

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SMAD7 (18q21) have been linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in genome-wide association studies, but little is known about their effects on survival. SMAD7 regulates gastrointestinal inflammation by inhibiting transforming growth factor- (TGFB), which can act as both a tumor suppressor and a promoter of metastasis. Regular use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitors, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), reduces the risk of developing CRC. Because COX2 overexpression reduces the growth suppressing effects of TGFB, we hypothesized that survival may depend on both SMAD7 genotype and prediagnostic NSAID use. Postmenopausal women, ages 50-74, diagnosed with incident invasive CRC from 1997 to 2002 were identified using t...

2011-01-01

430

Benz(a)pyrene levels in medicinal plants and the possibility of contamination of drugs of plant origin

Sorption phenomena of methanol on heat treated coal; Netsushori wo hodokoshita sekitan no methanol kyuchaku tokusei

Benz(a)pyrene (BP) levels in extracts and solvent cake obtained by alcoholic and aqueous extraction of specimens of 20 different medicinal plants were measured to explore into the possibility of its passage from these plants to drugs. Seventy percent alcoholic extracts were found to contain 40-60% of BP passed from raw material, while aqueous extracts--2-3% (in some cases 10-14%). Maximal concentrations of BP in alcoholic extracts were 0.6-0.7 micrograms/1 and 0.03-0.04 micrograms/1--in aqueous ones. A significant correlation between BP level in extracts and its content in plants was established. BP pathways in the course of solasodine manufacturing from nightshade (Solanum lacinatum) were studied. As little as 1% of BP passed to extract after primary extraction in 2%--sulfuric acid. Solasodine contained about 3 micrograms/kg of BP.

1983-01-01

431

Measurement of the parity violating asymmetry A{sub {gamma}} in n{yields}+p{yields}d+{gamma}

Experiments were carried out to learn methanol sorption characteristics of heat-treated coal. When Taiheiyo coal is heat-treated at 125{degree}C, performed with a first methanol adsorption at 25{degree}C, and then desorption at 25{degree}C, a site with strong interaction with methanol and a site with relatively weak interaction are generated in test samples. A small amount of methanol remains in both sites. Then, when the methanol is desorbed at as low temperature as 70{degree}C, the methanol in the site with strong interaction remains as it has existed therein, but the methanol in the site with relatively weak interaction desorbs partially, hence the adsorption amount in a second adsorption at 25{degree}C increases. However, when desorption is performed at as high temperature as 125{degree}C, the methanol in the site with strong interaction also desorbs, resulting in increased ...

1996-10-28

432

Measurement of cumulative-photon spectra at high transverse momenta in 12C 9Be interactions at an energy of 3.2 GeV per nucleon

The weak interaction between neutrons and protons has never been resolved experimentally. In analogy with the strong NN interaction, the weak NN interaction at low energy can be parametrized in terms of a meson exchange model with parity violating meson-nucleon couplings. Unlike the measured proton-proton weak interaction, the neutron-proton weak interaction is sensitive to the weak pion-nucleon coupling constant H{sub {pi}}{sup 1}. This coupling, which is responsible for the longest-ranged part of the weak NN interaction and is therefore an essential part of any description of weak interactions in nuclei, remains undetermined despite many years of effort. A measurement of the gamma ray directional asymmetry A{sub {gamma}} in the capture of polarized neutrons by parahydrogen has been proposed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The goal of ...

2000-02-11

433

Topoisomerases of kinetoplastid parasites: why so fascinating?

For 12C 9Be interactions at a kinetic beam energy of 3.2 GeV per nucleon, the spectra of photons at laboratory angles in the range 55o-73o were measured off the kinematical region available to the interaction of single nucleons within colliding nuclei. The use of a fast trigger for selecting events involving the production of high-transverse-momentum photons made it possible to measure spectra off the kinematical boundary of four-nucleon interaction. It is shown that the proposed procedure is adequate to the problem of searches for and investigation of flucton-flucton interaction. In the kinematical region where flucton-flucton interaction can manifest itself, the cross sections in question are on the same order of magnitude as respective model predictions. In order to draw definitive conclusions on the role of flucton-flucton interaction, it is highly desirable ...

2008-11-01

434

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary DNA topoisomerases are the key enzymes involved in carrying out high precision DNA transactions inside the cells. However, they are detrimental to the cell when a wide variety of topoisomerase-targeted drugs generate cytotoxic lesions by trapping the enzymes in covalent complexes on the DNA. The discovery of unusual heterodimeric topoisomerase I in kinetoplastid family added a new twist in topoisomerase research related to evolution, functional conservation and their preferential sensitivity to Camptothecin. On the other hand, structural and mechanistic studies on kinetoplastid topoisomerase II delineate some distinguishing features that differentiate the parasitic enzyme from its prokaryotic and eukaryotic counterparts. This review summarizes the recent advances in research in kin...

2006-01-01

435

Synthesis and characterization of Rosebengal/folicacid-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized with a photosensitizer, rosebengal (RB), and folicacid (FA), an anti-cancer drug simultaneously and individually, which was characterized with various analytical instruments like Fourier Transform Iinfrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV?Vis spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR spectra confirmed the chemical modification of MWCNT. The chemical functionalization of MWCNT with RB was further supported by UV?Vis and PL spectra.

2011-01-01

436

Synthesis and Biophysical Characterization of Chlorambucil Anticancer Ether Lipid Prodrugs

Recent advances in the neurobiology of anxiety disorders: Implications for novel therapeutics

The synthesis and biophysical characterization of four prodrug ether phospholipid conjugates are described. The lipids are prepared from the anticancer drug chlorambucil and have C16 and C18 ether chains with phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylglycerol headgroups. All four prodrugs have the ability to form unilamellar liposomes (86-125 nm) and are hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2, resulting in chlorambucil release. Liposomal formulations of prodrug lipids displayed cytotoxicity toward HT-29, MT-3, and ES-2 cancer cell lines in the presence of phospholipase A2, with IC50 values in the 8-36 ?M range.

2009-01-01

437

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Anxiety disorders are a highly prevalent and disabling class of psychiatric disorders. This review focuses on new directions in neurobiological research and implications for the development of novel psychopharmacological treatments. Neuroanatomical and neuroimaging research in anxiety disorders has centered on the role of the amygdala, reciprocal connections between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex, and, most recently, alterations in interoceptive processing by the anterior insula. Anxiety disorders are characterized by alterations in a diverse range of neurochemical systems, suggesting ample novel targets for drug therapies. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) concentrations are elevated in a subset of anxiety disorders, which suggests the potential utility of CRF receptor antagoni...

2008-01-01

438

Probable role of trace elements of some medicinal plants in cardio-vascular diseases

Nutrition and Physical Activity in Aging, Obesity, and Cancer

A number of herbal drugs are used in the Unani (Greco-Arab) System of Medicine for cardiovascular diseases. The herbs were analyzed by flame AAS and ICP-AES to determine if their therapeutic actions can be associated with the elements present in them. Cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, phosphorus, lead and zinc were some of the elements which play various roles in cardiovascular affections. An effort was made to correlate the role of these elements in cardiac diseases. (Auth.). 2 tabs., 32 refs.

439

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The liver is a primary target of growth hormone (GH). GH signals are mediated by the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5). Here, we focus on recent discoveries about the role of GH-STAT5 signaling in hepatic physiology and pathophysiology. We discuss roles of the GH-STAT5 axis in body growth, lipid metabolism, and the cell cycle pertaining to hepatosteatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, we discuss recent discoveries about the role of GH-STAT5 in sex-specific gene expression and bile acid, steroid, and drug metabolism.

2011-01-01

440

Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by isolated perfused testis and testicular homogenate

Medical and pharmaceutical applications of polymers: A review paper

In an effort to improve the extrapolation of laboratory data to man and estimate risk of human reproductive toxicity associated with environmental exposure, the pharmacokinetic parameters of the testicular compartment are being studied. Of particular interest is the variety of enzyme systems capable of activating and detoxicating environmental chemicals and drugs. This report compares the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by the isolated perfused testis and testicular homogenates in vitro. The cell free in vitro system metabolized benzo(a)pyrene at a much greater rate than the perfused testis and produced a different spectrum of metabolites. Reliable laboratory prediction of biotransformation by the whole organ or intact animal is an essential aspect of reproductive toxicology.

1980-12-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

441

Labeled cells as research, diagnostic and therapeutic tools

This review begins with an historical account of biomaterials applications followed by a concise description of the phenomena taking place between the living tissues and non-living materials containing them. After describing the requirements for biodegradability and the mechanisms involved, a thorough literature survey of such polymers is presented. In the end a very short review of the work done in this area by the authors in recent years is given, including: the synthesis of a wide variety of biodegradable di-and tri-block copolymers, preparation of microparticles; stealth-and immuno-liposomes; dendrosomes and polymersomes; and some of their applications in drug and gene delivery.

442

LC-MS characterization of metoclopramide photolysis products

Scientists at JPL have developed chemical and biological techniques using microspheres filled with drugs, electron-opaque metals, or radioactive, fluorescent, magnetic or electrically charged materials to label specific groups of cells. Synthetic polymeric microspheres are coupled with specific antibodies to form reagents called immunomicrospheres, which can seek out and attach themselves to any specific group of cells. These cell-labeling techniques, therefore, open new avenues not only to the basic study of cells but also to the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, including cancer.

1983-09-01

443

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The aim of this study was to investigate the photodegradation of the antiemetic drug metoclopramide. Metoclopramide aqueous solutions were photoirradiated at 254nm under argon atmosphere. Irradiated metoclopramide solutions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry in order to characterize photolysis products. Rapid decrease in metoclopramide purity, following first-order kinetic, was observed following irradiation. The structures of 18 photolysis products were tentatively identified based on their mass spectra and fragmentation. The main degradation mechanism was scission of the chlorine which could be followed by polymerization of the resulting products since dimeric and trimeric products were observed.

2009-01-01

444

Ewing's sarcoma: treatment and prognosis

Anticipatory nausea and vomiting

The results of treatment of 134 cases of morphologically-verified localized Ewing's sarcoma were evaluated. A comparative analysis showed relapse-free survival to be significantly lower for radiation treatment (23 %) than for its combination with various cytostatic drugs. Two-year relapse-free survival rate was as high as 43 % in cases receiving sarcolysin or cyclophosphamide as adjuvants. This was matched by 47 % for adjuvant ardiamycin or carminomycin and 56 % for adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide and vincristine. Evaluation of long-term results of adjuvant chemotherapy showed sex, age and site involvement to be of certain prognostic value.

445

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A commonly reported consequence of post-treatment nausea or vomiting is the development of anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV). In most published work, nausea is reported to occur before chemotherapy drugs are administered by approximately 20% of patients at any one chemotherapy cycle and by 25?30% of patients by their fourth chemotherapy cycle. Most studies in adult patients strongly support the view that the development of ANV involves elements of classical conditioning. The best method to avoid development of ANV is to adequately prevent both vomiting and nausea from the first exposure to chemotherapy. If anticipatory side effects develop, behavioral treatment techniques, such as systematic desensitization, have been shown effective. Benzodiazepines used in combination with behaviora...

2011-01-01

446

Acceleration of Emergence of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance in Connected Microenvironments.

Using the health belief model to predict injecting drug users' intentions to employ harm reduction strategies.

The emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance is a growing problem, yet the variables that influence the rate of emergence of resistance are not well understood. In a microfluidic device designed to mimic naturally occurring bacterial niches, resistance of Escherichia coli to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin developed within 10 hours. Resistance emerged with as few as 100 bacteria in the initial inoculation. Whole-genome sequencing of the resistant organisms revealed that four functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms attained fixation. Knowledge about the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in the heterogeneous conditions within the mammalian body may be helpful in understanding the emergence of drug resistance during cancer chemotherapy. PMID:21940899

2011-09-23

447

Transcriptional Profiling Analysis of the Global Regulator NorG, a GntR-Like Protein of Staphylococcus aureus.

We examined whether perceived susceptibility to and severity of two injection-related health conditions (i.e., non-fatal overdose and bacterial infections), and perceived benefits of, barriers to, self-efficacy to, social acceptance of, and recent use of two harm-reduction behaviors (i.e., injecting test shots and pre-injection skin cleaning), predicted injecting drug users' near-term intentions to engage in these two strategies. Recent past use of these two behaviors consistently and positively predicted near-term intentions in each of four drug-use situations (i.e., in withdrawal, not in withdrawal, alone, and with others). Perceived susceptibility to non-fatal overdose predicted intentions to do test shots, but only when participants imagined not being in withdrawal or injecting when alone. Perceived self-efficacy to clean one's skin predicted intentions to engage in this behavior, but only when participants imagined injecting while not in ...

2011-06-24

448

Surface modification of functional self-assembled monolayers on 316L stainless steel via lipase catalysis.

The GntR-like protein NorG has been shown to affect Staphylococcus aureus genes involved in the resistance to quinolones and ?-lactams, such as those encoding the NorB and AbcA transporters. To identify the target genes regulated by NorG, we carried out transcriptional profiling assays using S. aureus RN6390 and its isogenic norG::cat mutant. Our data showed that NorG positively affected the transcription of global regulators mgrA, arlS, and sarZ. The three putative drug efflux pump genes most positively affected by NorG were the NorB efflux pump (5.1-fold), the MmpL-like protein SACOL2566 (5.2-fold), and the BcrA-like drug transporter SACOL2525 (5.7-fold). The S. aureus predicted MmpL protein showed 53% homology with the MmpL lipid transporter of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the putative SACOL2525 protein showed 87% homology with the bacitracin drug transporter BcrA of Staphylococcus hominis. Two pump genes most ...

2011-09-01

449

Interventional procedures in superficial lesions: the value of 2D with additional coronal reformatted 4D ultrasonography guidance

Lipase catalyzed esterification of therapeutic drugs to functional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on 316L stainless steel (SS) after assembly has been demonstrated. SAMs of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (-COOH SAM) and 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (-OH SAM) were formed on 316L SS, and lipase catalysis was used to attach therapeutic drugs, perphenazine and ibuprofen, respectively, on these SAMs. The reaction was carried out in toluene at 60 degrees C for 5 h using Novozyme-435 as the biocatalyst. The FTIR spectra after surface modification of -OH SAMs showed the presence of the C=O stretching bands at 1745 cm(-1), which was absent in the FTIR spectra of -OH SAMs. Similarly, the FTIR spectra after the reaction of the -COOH SAM with perphenazine showed two peaks in the carbonyl region, a peak at 1764 cm(-1), which is the representative peak for the C=O stretching for esters. The second peak at 1681 cm(-1) is assigned to the C=O stretching of the ...

2006-01-31

450

Enzyme induction in neonates after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs

We wanted to assess the usefulness of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasonography (US), i.e., real-time three-dimensional US, as an adjunct for performing various US-guided interventional procedures in superficial lesion. Thirty-three patients were referred for US-guided interventional procedures for superficial lesions, including core biopsy in 19, fine- needle aspriation in eight, therapeutic drug injection in four and needle puncture in two. The procedures were performed under 4D US guidance. We reviewed the pathologic/cytologic results of the core biopsies or needle aspirations, and also the outcomes of drug injection or needle puncture. For all the patients who underwent 4D US-guided core biopsy, the specimens were adequate for making the pathological diagnosis, and specimens were successfully obtained for those patients who underwent 4D US-guided aspiration. The patients treated with 4D US-guided therapeutic drug injection ...

2006-03-01

451

Emesis ED50 of neutron irradiation and prophylactic effectiveness. Final report, 1 January 1979-31 December 1984

The /sup 13/C-AP breath test is shown to be a convenient, noninvasive method to monitor velocity and capacity of P450-dependent AP N-demethylation in infancy and childhood. According to /sup 13/C-AP breath tests, neonates have a very low capacity to eliminate /sup 13/CO/sub 2/, which is only 15 to 21% of the activity in adults. During the first year of life AP N-demethylation increases to reach its maximum at about 2 years; afterwards a slight decrease occurs. In 25 neonates exposed prenatally to different antiepileptic drugs /sup 13/C-AP breath test was efficiently used to prove that cytochrome AP N-demethylation was considerably stimulated. After primidone/phenobarbitone, especially in combination with phenytoin, /sup 13/C elimination reaches and even surpasses the range for older children. Valproate exposure during fetal life is not consistently followed by a significant increase in AP N-demethylation. The enzyme induction demonstrated by /sup 13/C-AP breath ...

1983-01-01

452

Yakima River Species Interactions Studies, Annual Report 1999.

Two neutron emesis experiments were conducted at the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI). In both experiments (described as Phase I and Phase II) the radiation dose required to cause emesis in 50% of subjects (ED50) was determined for both neutron reactor and gamma reactor source radiation. Emesis onset, offset and duration times post-exposure are reported. Neutrons were maximized from the reactor by passing the beam through a 15.25 cm (6 in.) thick lead wall to filter out gamma photons. Gamma rays were maximized by thermalizing neutrons in 30.5 cm (12 in.) of water, then absorbing the thermal neutrons in a gadolinium-cadmium shield. In Phase I, 28 dogs were exposed to radiation: 12 were exposed to gamma photons at the rate of 0.69 Gy/min and 16 were exposed to neutrons at 1.2 Gy/min. In Phase II, 58 dogs in 3 groups were exposed to radiation: 19 were exposed in the gamma group at 0.75 Gy/min, 20 were exposed in the undrugged neutron group at 1.62 Gy/min, and 19 were ...

1985-08-01

453

A Glance into the Future of Human Computer Interaction

Species interactions research and monitoring was initiated in 1989 to investigate ecological interactions among fish in response to proposed supplementation of salmon and steelhead in the upper Yakima River basin. This is the eighth of a series of progress reports that address species interactions research and pre-supplementation monitoring of fishes in the Yakima River basin. Data have been collected prior to supplementation to characterize the ecology and demographics of non-target taxa (NTT) and target taxon, and develop methods to monitor interactions and supplementation success. Major topics of this report are associated with implementing NTT monitoring prescriptions for detecting potential impacts of hatchery supplementation, hatchery fish interactions, and monitoring fish predation indices. This report is organized into four chapters, with a general introduction preceding the ...

2001-06-01

454

Quantum theory of the interaction of Josephson junctions with non-classical microwaves

Computers have a direct impact on our lives nowadays. Human's interaction with the computer has modified with the passage of time as improvement in technology occurred the better the human computer interaction became. Today we are facilitated by the operating system that has reduced all the complexity of hardware and we undergo our computation in a very convenient way irrespective of the process occurring at the hardware level. Though the human computer interaction has improved but it's not done yet. If we come to the future the computer's role in our lives would be a lot more rather our life would be of the artificial intelligence. In our future the biggest resource would be component of time and wasting time for a key board entry or a mouse input would be unbearable so the need would be of the computer interaction environment that along with the complexity reduction also minimizes the time wastage in ...

2011-01-01

455

Phase-space analysis of interacting phantom cosmology

We present a study of the interaction between Josephson junctions in circular superconducting rings and non-classical microwaves, treating both quantum mechanically. A Hamiltonian that describes both inductive and capacitive coupling between the two systems is derived within the external field approximation. Other Hamiltonians which go beyond the external field approximation, and describe explicitly the interaction of the quantum circuit that produces the non-classical microwaves with the Josephson junction circuit, are also presented. A comparison between current experiments which use classical electromagnetic fields and the proposed experiments that use non-classical microwaves, is made. (orig.) With 6 figs., 32 refs.

1997-01-01

456

On some mechanisms of 27.2 MeV #alpha#-particle interaction with carbon nuclei

We perform a detailed phase-space analysis of various phantom cosmological models, where the dark energy sector interacts with the dark matter one. We examine whether there exist late-time scaling attractors, corresponding to an accelerating universe and possessing dark energy and dark matter densities of the same order. We find that all the examined models, although accepting stable late-time accelerated solutions, cannot alleviate the coincidence problem, unless one imposes a form of fine-tuning in the model parameters. It seems that interacting phantom cosmology cannot fulfill the basic requirement that led to its construction.

2008-01-01

457

Using U-120 cyclotron in the course of correlation experiment one studied mechanisms of excitation and decay of "1"2C nucleus states resulting from irradiation of deuterium-polyethylene target by 27.2 MeV energy #alpha#-particle beam via recording of #alpha#-#alpha#-coincidence simultaneously with investigations of #alpha# + d-interactions. Production of "1"2C excited states decaying with the escape of #alpha#-particle and "8Be nucleus in the ground and the excited states is the basic mechanism of the studied #alpha# + "1"2C interaction

2001-05-01

458

MARS code developments

Ion-Specific Hydration Effects: Extending the Poisson-Boltzmann Theory

Recent developments in the physical model of 1 MeV to 100 TeV hadron and lepton interactions with nuclei and atoms are described. These include a new nuclear cross section library, a model for soft pion production, the cascade-exciton model, the dual parton model, deuteron-nucleus and neutrino-nucleus interaction models, detailed description of mu, pi and anti p absorption and a unified treatment of muon and charged hadron electromagnetic interactions with matter. New algorithms are implemented into the MARS13(98) Monte Carlo code and benchmarked against experimental data. The code capabilities to simulate cascades and generate a variety of results in complex media have been also enhanced.

1998-12-01

459

Intelligent Interaction with Knowledge Associates

In aqueous solutions, dissolved ions interact strongly with the surrounding water, thereby modifying the solution properties in an ion-specific manner. These ion-hydration interactions can be accounted for theoretically on a mean-field level by including phenomenological terms in the free energy that correspond to the most dominant ion-specific interactions. Minimizing this free energy leads to modified Poisson-Boltzmann equations with appropriate boundary conditions. Here, we review how this strategy has been used to predict some of the ways ion-specific effects can modify the forces acting within and between charged interfaces immersed in salt solutions.

2011-01-01

460

Free electron radiation and the Beijing Free Electron Laser

The Knowledge Associates for Novel Intelligence (KANI) system provides a collection of automated 'associates' to actively support and participate in the information analysis task. In this paper, we describe the Information Integration Associate (IIA), which facilitates analyst interaction with underlying KANI reasoning and extraction associates and provides an interactive representation of the analytic process. We focus on features of the IIA that guide communication between the user and the KANI system in a way that ensures mutual understanding of the analytic task being performed, the capabilities of the system to assist the user, and the status of any reasoning and extraction conducted on behalf of the user by the KANI system.

2006-01-29

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

461

Final state interactions in the decays J/{psi}{yields}VPP

Various particle-photon or beam-wave interactions are discussed. To be of use as intense radiation sources, it is necessary that these interactions produce coherent radiation. The free electron laser (FEL), developed on the basis of undulator radiation, is the result of many years of interaction between physics and technology. It has many features, such as continuous tunability over a wide wavelength range, excellent optical quality, high power and short pulse capability, and thus has many potential applications. FEL development in China and abroad are mentioned and the Beijing FEL presented to illustrate the physics and technology involved in an FEL project.

462

Evidence at the 10/sup -18/ probability level against the production of magnetic monopoles in proton interactions at 300 GeV/c

We investigate the interplay between crossed channel final state interactions and the constraints from two-particle unitarity for the reactions J/{psi}{yields}V{pi}{pi} and VK anti K, where V is either {omega} or {phi}. Using a model where the parameters are largely constrained by other sources, we find that, although small, crossed channel final state interaction can influence the amplitudes considerably, in special areas of phase space. These results cast doubt on the inapplicability of unitarity constraints on production amplitudes as recently claimed in the literature. (orig.)

2009-09-15

463

Coulomb-interaction driven anomaly in the Stark effect for an exciton in vertically coupled quantum dots

No magnetic monopoles were found in 2.5*10/sup 18/ primary proton- aluminium interactions produced by exposing an aluminium target to the Fermilab 300 GeV/c proton beam. Negative searches have also resulted from exposures of material to electrons at SLAC and from pp interactions at the CERN-ISR. The monopole pair production probability in proton-nucleon collisions is shown to be of order 10/sup -18/ or less, with 95% confidence level, if monopoles have masses less than 12 GeV. (24 refs).

1975-01-01

464

2D Electrostatic Simulation of the Modulated Electron Beam Interaction with Inhomogeneous Plasma

The effect of the electric field on an exciton confined in a pair of vertically coupled quantum dots is studied. We use a single-band approximation and a parabolic model potential. As a result of these idealizations, we obtain a numerically solvable model, which is used to describe the influence of the electron-hole interaction on the Stark effect for the lowest-energy photoluminescence lines. We show that for intermediate tunnel coupling between the dots this interaction leads to an anomalous Stark effect with an essential deviation of the recombination energy from the usual quadratic dependence on the electric field.

2005-04-15

465

discs large in the Drosophila testis

Electrostatic plasma simulation code for 2D rectangular geometry is presented. Main distinguishing feature of the code is its orientation on the beam-plasma interaction. The code and its graphical interface were developed using MATLAB programming language. Simulation results of inhomogeneous plasma interaction with modulated electron beams of different width are compared. In case of wide beam the front of Langmuir waves generated in point of local plasma resonance is planar and in case of thin beam (or ribbon beam) the front has approximately half-circular form.

2006-01-01

466

Tobacco-induced alterations to Porphyromonas gingivalis-host interactions

Gamete development requires a coordinated soma-germ line interaction that ensures renewal and differentiation of germline and somatic stem cells. The physical contact between the germline and somatic...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

467

The interaction of trazodone with rat brain muscarinic cholinoceptors.

SUMMARYSmokers are more susceptible than non-smokers to persistent infection by Porphyromonas gingivalis, a causative agent of periodontitis. Patients who smoke...Full Text Available

2009-05-01

468

The hepcidin-binding site on ferroportin is evolutionarily conserved

The muscarinic receptor binding of trazodone, a new nontricyclic antidepressant, was compared with established tricyclic antidepressants. The ability to inhibit the binding of [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate...Full Text Available

1980-01-01

469

The androgen receptor governs the execution, but not programming, of male sexual and territorial behaviors

SummaryMammalian iron homeostasis is regulated by the interaction of the liver-produced peptide hepcidin and its receptor, the iron transporter ferroportin. Hepcidin binds to...Full Text Available

2008-08-01

470

The Allometry of Host-Pathogen Interactions

SUMMARYTestosterone and estrogen are essential for male behaviors in vertebrates. How these two signaling pathways interact to control masculinization of the brain and behavior...Full Text Available

2010-04-29

471

Spectrophotometric studies on the interactions of C.I. Basic Red 9 and C.I. Acid Blue 25 with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide in cationic surfactant micelles

BackgroundUnderstanding the mechanisms that control rates of disease progression in humans and other species is an important area of research relevant to epidemiology and to translating...Full Text Available

472

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Interactions between cationic dye-cationic surfactant and anionic dye-cationic surfactant systems were investigated in aqueous solutions using spectrophotometric method at 288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15K. C.I. Basic Red 9 (BR9) and C.I. Acid Blue 25 (AB25) were used as cationic and anionic dyes, respectively, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr) was selected as cationic surfactant in this study. Although there was an interaction between the AB25 and the HDTMABr molecules, an interaction between the BR9 and HDTMABr did not occur due to the electrostatic repulsion forces. Binding constants and partition coefficients between the micellar and the bulk water phases for the AB25-HDTMABr system were calculated from the changes in absorbance values and the critical micelle concentra...

2011-01-01

473

Solid-state and materials research: solid state interaction in thin film structures. Epitaxial GeSi layers produced by solid phase epitaxial growth

Quantum simulation of molecular interaction and dynamics at surfaces

Short communication. 2 figs.

474

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The interaction between molecules and solid surfaces plays important roles in various applications, including catalysis, sensors, nanoelectronics, and solar cells. Surprisingly, a full understanding of molecule-surface interaction at the quantum mechanical level has not been achieved even for very simple molecules, such as water. In this mini-review, we report recent progresses and current status of studies on interaction between representative molecules and surfaces. Taking water/metal, DNA bases/carbon nanotube, and organic dye molecule/oxide as examples, we focus on the understanding on the microstructure, electronic property, and electron-ion dynamics involved in these systems obtained from first-principles quantum mechanical calculations. We find that a quantum mechanical description ...

2011-01-01

475

Probe-Flaw Interactions with Eddy Current Array Probes

New Frontiers in Binary Stars: Science at High Angular ...

... The development of various modeling methods for conventional eddy current probes (absolute, differential, two-port, etc.) has led to a general ...

476

Interactive efforts to address DSM and IRP issues: Findings from the first year of a two-year study

... interacting systems in which common-envelope evolutionary effects make it hard to generalize the results to single-star evolution, although they ...

2011-05-15

477

Interactive efforts to address DSM and IRP issues: Findings from the first year of a two-year study

This report presents findings from the first year of a two-year study of interactive efforts involving utilities and non-utility parties (NUPS) working together to prepare plans, develop Demand-Side Management (DSM) programs, or otherwise promote integrated planning and the use of cost-effective DSM measures. Of the ten cases covered in the current study, seven involved the collaborative approach to NUP involvement, which generally is marked by intensive utility-NUP interactions designed to reach consensus on a broad range of important issues; in collaboratives, outside consultants often are provided to enhance the technical capabilities of the NUPS. Another of the cases in this study involved a cooperative arrangement,'' whereby a utility and a NLT worked together in a focused short-term effort to develop a single DSM program. The intense interaction involved in this approach makes it very similar to a ...

1993-04-01

478

Interaction of legionella pneumophila and helicobacter pylori with bacterial species isolated from drinking water biofilms

This report presents findings from the first year of a two-year study of interactive efforts involving utilities and non-utility parties (NUPS) working together to prepare plans, develop Demand-Side Management (DSM) programs, or otherwise promote integrated planning and the use of cost-effective DSM measures. Of the ten cases covered in the current study, seven involved the collaborative approach to NUP involvement, which generally is marked by intensive utility-NUP interactions designed to reach consensus on a broad range of important issues; in collaboratives, outside consultants often are provided to enhance the technical capabilities of the NUPS. Another of the cases in this study involved a ``cooperative arrangement,`` whereby a utility and a NLT worked together in a focused short-term effort to develop a single DSM program. The intense interaction involved in this approach makes it very similar to a collaborative, ...

1993-04-01

479

Influence of Non-Linear Parametric Wave Interaction on Multi-Component SRS and Energy Concentration Phenomenon

BackgroundIt is well established that Legionella pneumophila is a waterborne pathogen; by contrast, the mode of Helicobacter pylori transmission...Full Text Available

480

Hyperfine Interactions in USb2 Crystal

English 6 Aug 2010 p. 492-493 United States Korniyenko, N. Ye. Kiev Taras

2010-08-06

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

481

Effects of quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electric field on DNA condensation

The hyperfine interactions at the uranium site in the antiferromagnetic USb2 compound were calculated within the density functional theory (DFT) employing the augmented plane wave plus local orbital (APW+lo) method. We investigated the dependence of the nuclear quadruple interactions to the magnetic structure in USb2 compound. The investigation were performed applying the so called band correlated LDA+U theory self consistently. The self consistent LDA+U calculations were gradually added to the performed generalized gradient approximation (GGA) including scalar relativistic spin orbit interactions in a second variation scheme. The result, which is in agreement with experiment, shows that the 5f-electrons have the tendency to be hybridized with the conduction electrons in the ferromagnetic uranium planes.

2006-01-01

482

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

By assuming that not only counter-ions but DNA molecules as well are thermally distributed according to a Boltzmann law, we propose a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation, at the classical level, as a starting point to compute the effects of quantum fluctuations of the electric field on the interaction among DNA-cation complexes. The latter are modeled here as infinite one-dimensional wires (?-functions). Our goal is to single out such quantum-vacuum-driven interaction from the counterion-induced and water-related interactions. We obtain a universal, frustration-free Casimir-like (codimension 2) interaction that extensive numerical analysis show to be a good candidate to explain the formation and stability of DNA aggregates. Such Casimir energy is computed for a variety of configurations of...

2011-01-01

483

Do Perturbed Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions Drive Early ...

Differential facilitative and competitive effects of a dominant macrophyte in grazed subtropical wetlands

... At the same time, we observed that the neoplastic properties of rat mammary gland tumor cells can be restrained and "normalized" so that they ...

2005-04-01

484

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary 1.-Plant-plant interactions fluctuate between competition and facilitation depending upon ecological conditions and species traits. Facilitative interactions are expected to increase in frequency via associational defences with increasing consumer pressure. The ability of species to cope with competition and/or ecological stressors may alter the outcome of plant-plant interactions. 2.-We conducted a transplant experiment to determine if native and non-native grasses and forbs respond similarly to interactions with Juncus effusus L., an unpalatable benefactor species, along a grazing intensity gradient in two contrasting pasture types: intensively managed and semi-natural. We expected competitive taller, erect species (grasses) and non-natives to obtain stronger facilitative effects...

2011-01-01

485

Defense.gov News Article: Task Force Prepares for Horn of ...

DOE - Office of Nuclear Energy

... After the task force deploys, Joint Forces Command interacts ... and what needs tweaking to better prepare future headquarters staffs, Mungus ...

486

Conference Proceedings: 7th Annual Review of Progress in ...

Interactions (FCCI) University of Wisconsin, Madison Thermal Properties of LiCl-KCl Molten Salt for Nuclear Waste Separation University of Wisconsin, Madison Next Generation...

2011-03-23

487

CoSpell CheckSpell Checkherent Charge Qubits Based on ...

... 2 Page 27. I PROGRESS: DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERACTIVE (;RAPHliCS PROGRAM FOR -"M CODES I. Pcng. 1. Choi. ...

1991-03-01

488

Climate change impacts on mountain forests - interactions with small-scale disturbance from ungulate browsing

... We considered spontaneous radiation of quanta and acoustic phonons (both due to deformational and piezoelectric electron-phonon interaction ...

2000-06-23

489

Cellular interactions of lauric acid and dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles

English 1 Feb 2009 [1 p.] United Kingdom Didion, Markus Kupferschmid,

2009-02-01

490

Cellular interactions of lauric acid and dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles

In vitro cytocompatibility and cellular interactions of lauric acid and dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles were evaluated with two different cell lines (mouse fibroblast and human cervical carcinoma). Lauric acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles were less cytocompatible than dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles and cellular uptake of lauric acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles was more than that of dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles. Lesser cytocompatibility and higher uptake of lauric acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles as compared to dextran-coated magnetic nanoparticles may be due to different cellular interactions by coating material. Thus, coating plays an important role in modulation of biocompatibility and cellular interaction of magnetic nanoparticles.

2007-04-15

491

Bandwidth Allocation to Interactive Users in DBS-Based ...

In vitro cytocompatibility and cellular interactions of lauric acid and dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles were evaluated with two different cell lines (mouse fibroblast and human cervical carcinoma). Lauric acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles were less cytocompatible than dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles and cellular uptake of lauric acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles was more than that of dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles. Lesser cytocompatibility and higher uptake of lauric acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles as compared to dextran-coated magnetic nanoparticles may be due to different cellular interactions by coating material. Thus, coating plays an important role in modulation of biocompatibility and cellular interaction of magnetic nanoparticles.

2007-04-01

492

Attributes of Interactive Online Health Information Systems

... end-to-end TCP connection from the hybrid terminal ... peculiar to self-similar stochastic processes, ... Queue First (MDQF) schemes are employed at the ...

2011-05-13

493

The development of online communication systems related to prevention, decision making, and coping with cancer has outpaced theoretical attention to the attributes that appeal to system...Full Text Available

494

Apoplastic invertases

APOD: July 10, 1998 - Interacting Galaxies

The mutualistic interaction of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is characterized by an exchange of nutrients. The plant provides sugars in the form of hexoses to the heterotrophic fungus...Full Text Available

2008-05-01

495

A neutron star model in the nonlinear Relativistic Mean-Field Theory

believe the system is similar to the face-on spiral and companion known as M51, the Whirlpool Galaxy. Tomorrow's picture: Sleeping Beauty < Archive | Index | Search | Calendar |...

2011-10-07

496

A neutron star model in the nonlinear Relativistic Mean-Field Theory

The neutron star parameters in the model extended by the inclusion of {delta} meson and additional nonlinear vector meson interactions are studied.

2003-05-19

497

A Human-Centered Design and Evaluation Framework for Information Search

The neutron star parameters in the model extended by the inclusion of #delta# meson and additional nonlinear vector meson interactions are studied.

2003-05-19

498