p38 mapk decreases: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

A Decline in p38 MAPK Signaling Underlies Immunosenescence in Caenorhabditis elegans

The insulin signaling pathway, involving protein kinase B (PKB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mediates the biological response to insulin and several growth factors and cytokines. To investigate the correlation between glucose transporter (Glut) biosynthesis and the insulin signaling pathway activated by novel compounds of Liriope platyphylla (LP9M80-H), alterations in Glut and key protein expression in the insulin signaling pathway were analyzed in the liver and brain of ICR mice treated with LP9M80-H. An in vitro assay showed that the highest level of insulin concentration was observed in the LP9M80-H-treated group, followed by the LP-H, LP-M, LP-E, and LP9M80-C-treated groups. Therefore, LP9M80-H was selected for use in studying the detailed mechanism of the insulin signaling pathway in animal systems. In an in vivo experiment, LP9M80-H induced a significant increase in glucose levels and a decrease of insulin concentration in ...

2010-12-14

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Heat stress upregulates chaperone heat shock protein 70 and antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase through reactive oxygen species (ROS), p38MAPK, and Akt

The decline in immune function with aging, known as immunosenescence, has been implicated in evolutionarily diverse species, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not understood. During aging...Full Text Available

2011-05-01

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B chain is a functional subunit of beta-bungarotoxin for inducing apoptotic death of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells.

Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts V79 cells were treated with heat stress for 4 weeks with short duration (15 min) heat shock every alternate day in culture. It was observed that Hsp...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

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EhMAPK, the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase from Entamoeba histolytica Is Associated with Cell Survival

beta-Bungarotoxin (beta-Bgt), a presynaptic phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) neurotoxin isolated from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus, consists of A chain and B chain. The goal of the present study is to explore the functional contribution of the two subunits to the toxicity of beta-Bgt. beta-Bgt was found to induce apoptotic death of SK-N-SH cells via elevating intracellular Ca(2+) and intracellular ROS production. Moreover, an activation of p38 MAPK was associated with the cytotoxicity of beta-Bgt. SB202190 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), N-acetylcysteine (antioxidant reagent), 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) (Ca(2+) chelator) and the inhibitors of Ca(2+) release from intracellular depots (ruthenium red and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate) effectively attenuated the cytotoxicity of beta-Bgt. In sharp contrast to the inability of A chain, B ...

2007-10-13

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Chronic inflammation and estradiol interact through MAPK activation to affect TMJ nociceptive processing by trigeminal caudalis neurons

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) are a class of serine/threonine kinases that regulate a number of different cellular activities including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and...Full Text Available

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Short-term radon concentration measurements in Dwellings in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway plays a key role in mediating estrogen actions in the brain and neuronal sensitization during inflammation....Full Text Available

2009-12-29

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ATM-Dependent Phosphorylation of ATF2 Is Required for the DNA Damage Response

English 2010 p. 38 Brazil Santos, Talita de Oliveira Rocha, Zildete Barreto,

2010-10-27

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Autoantibodies to BRAF, a new family of autoantibodies associated with rheumatoid arthritis

SummaryActivating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) is regulated by JNK/p38 in response to stress. Here, we demonstrate that the protein kinase ATM phosphorylates ATF2 on serines...Full Text Available

2005-05-27

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Involvement of stress-activated protein kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in mIgM-induced apoptosis of human B lymphocytes

IntroductionBRAF (v raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1) is a serine-threonine kinase involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway, known...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

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Doxycycline up-regulates the expression of IL-6 and GM-CSF via MAPK/ERK and NF-kB pathways in mouse thymic epithelial cells

Despite intensive efforts, the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate apoptosis remain unclear. The human B lymphoma cell line, B104, possesses characteristics that make it an attractive model...Full Text Available

1996-11-26

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) constitute a major component of the thymic stroma which provides a microenvironment critical for developing thymocytes. We have previously demonstrated that doxycycline (Dox), a tetracycline derivative, enhances the proliferation of the mouse thymic epithelial cell line 1 (MTEC1) via MAPK/ERK signal pathway. Herein we provide evidence that Dox also has profound impact on the cytokine production by MTEC1. Specifically, the expression of IL-6 and GM-CSF, both at mRNA and protein levels, was found to be increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner with the addition of Dox. Western blotting analysis revealed that treatment with Dox-induced phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NF-kB and ERK. Notably, Dox-induced up-regulation of IL-6 and GM-CSF was largely abol...

2011-01-01

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Immunosuppressant calcineurin inhibitors phase shift circadian rhythms and inhibit circadian responses to light

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

PP2B is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase that is ubiquitously expressed in mammals. Among other actions, it is an effector mechanism in NMDA-mediated glutamate neurotransmission as well as a regulator of GSK3? and MAPK signaling cascades. Because all of these mechanisms have demonstrable roles in the control of circadian rhythyms, we hypothesized that PP2B would be a key regulator of rhythm generation and entrainment, and that through inhibition of its phosphatase activity, the circadian system would be affected by immunosuppressant drug therapy. We report here that immunosuppressant drugs (cyclosporin A, FK506) (1) block the circadian responses to light that underlie photic entrainment; (2) produce circadian phase shifts with a characteristic nonphotic profile; and (3) disr...

2008-01-01

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Chemopreventive effects of Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-inducible genotoxicity

Genetic and expression analysis of cattle identifies candidate genes in pathways responding to Trypanosoma congolense infection.

1-Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone (FPP-3) is an anti-inflammatory agent with a propenone moiety and chemically synthesized recently. In this study, we examined the chemopreventive effect of FPP-3 on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced genotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. FPP-3 reduced the formation of the DMBA-DNA adduct. DMBA-induced CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 gene expression and enzyme activity were inhibited by FPP-3. It inhibited DMBA-induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transactivation and DMBA-inducible nuclear localization of the AhR. Induction of detoxifying phase II genes by chemopreventive agents represents a coordinated protective response against oxidative stress and neoplastic effects of carcinogens. Transcription factor NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates antioxidant response element (ARE) of phase II detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (QR). FPP-3 increased the expression and enzymatic ...

2008-05-01

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African bovine trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma sp., is a major constraint on cattle productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. Some African Bos taurus breeds are highly tolerant of infection, but the potentially more productive Bos indicus zebu breeds are much more susceptible. Zebu cattle are well adapted for plowing and haulage, and increasing their tolerance of trypanosomiasis could have a major impact on crop cultivation as well as dairy and beef production. We used three strategies to obtain short lists of candidate genes within QTL that were previously shown to regulate response to infection. We analyzed the transcriptomes of trypanotolerant N'Dama and susceptible Boran cattle after infection with Trypanosoma congolense. We sequenced EST libraries from these two breeds to identify polymorphisms that might underlie previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL), and we assessed QTL regions and candidate loci for evidence of selective sweeps. The scan of the EST sequences ...

2011-05-18

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Src Kinase Inhibition Decreases Thrombin Induced Injury and Cell Cycle Re-Entry in Striatal Neurons

The IRG protein Irgm3 preserves cell survival during coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. However, the molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here, we examined the effect of Irgm3 expression on ER stress triggered by pharmacological agents or CVB3 infection. In Tet-On/Irgm3 HeLa cells, Irgm3 expression suppressed either chemical- or CVB3-induced upregulation of glucose-regulated protein78. Further, Irgm3 strongly inhibited the activation of both the PERK and ATF6 pathways of ER stress responses, which further led to the diminished phosphorylation of eIF2?, reduced cleavage/activation of transcription factor SREBP1 and attenuated induction of proapoptotic genes CHOP and GADD34. These data were further supported by experiments using Irgm3 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, in which the ER stress induced by CVB3 was not relieved due to the lack of Irgm3 expression. In addition, the tunicamycin-triggered ER stress promoted the subsequent CVB3 infection. The effect of Irgm3 on ER stress and ...

2011-10-10

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Loss of contraction force in dermal fibroblasts with aging due to decreases in myosin light chain phosphorylation enzymes

Since Src kinase inhibitors decrease brain injury produced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and thrombin is activated following ICH, this study determined whether Src kinase inhibitors decrease...Full Text Available

2008-05-01

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Is smoking a risk factor for decreased semen quality? A cross-sectional analysis.

WC-TiC-Ni cemented carbide with enhanced properties

PMID:16966350

2006-09-11

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In the paper, the effect of Ni content, WC grain size and Mo2C addition on WC-6.25wt%TiC-9.3wt%Ni cemented carbide were investigated to improve the properties of Ni-bonded cemented carbides. The results show that the decrease of Ni content will result in the decrease of transverse rupture strength and increase of hardness; with the decrease of WC particle size, hardness increases due to the refinement of WC grains, however, the transverse rupture strength decrease due to the decrease of Ni binder thickness; Mo2C proves to be an effective grain growth inhibitor. With the increase of Mo2C content, the WC grains are refined and the hardness and transverse rupture strength are improved. Generally, when the Ni content is decreased to 8.4wt%, 13.45mm WC is used and 1.2wt% Mo2C is added, a higher...

2008-01-01

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Spontaneous radiation of atomic oscillator, situated near ideally conducting cone surface

Gynura procumbens Merr. decreases blood pressure in rats by vasodilatation via inhibition of calcium channels

The line width of atom, situated near ideally conducting point or inside cone cavity in ideal conductor is analyzed. It is shown that the effect of point is decreased according to decreasing of its aperture angle

1998-01-01

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A T to A base substitution and small deletions in the conalbumin TATA box drastically decrease specific in vitro transcription.

INTRODUCTION:Gynura procumbens has been shown to decrease blood pressure via inhibition of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme. However, other mechanisms that...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

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A Sea Change in Eta Carinae

We have previously shown that a T to G transversion at the second T of the conalbumin "TATA" box drastically decreases specific initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase B (1). We now report that...Full Text Available

1981-04-24

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Inhomogeneity of electron density in amorphous films

Major stellar-wind emission features in the spectrum of Eta Car have recently decreased by factors of order 2 relative to the continuum. This is unprecedented in the modern observational record. The simplest, but unproven, explanation is a rapid decrease in the wind density.

2010-01-01

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Effect of protein malnutrition on the metabolism of bone collagen in albino rats

By the methods of small-angle X-ray scattering and translucent electron microscopy the existence of inhomogeneity of electron density in hydrogenated films of amorphous silicon is confirmed. The decreased density regions are extended and form a branched network of channels oriented mostly by the normal direction to the films surface. The typical size of the decreased density regions network constitutes 10 nm in the 100-800 nm films thickness range. The increase of hydrogen total partial pressure in gas mixture in case of films growth results at first in the decrease of extension of these regions and than to micropores generation in the network nodal points of the decreased electron density regions.

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Advanced Thermal Management for Military Application

The effect of protein malnutrition on the metabolism of collagen in bone was studied in young female albino rats after a single injection of "3H-proline. Both specific and total radioactivities of hydroxyproline in the total collagen of the bone were found to decrease in the protein-deficient animals, indicating decreased rate of collagen synthesis. In the urine the amount of hydroxyproline excreted and total radioactivity of "3H-hydroxyproline were greatly decreased. The results of the present investigation therefore clearly indicate decreased synthesis and catabolism of collagen in bones of protein deficient animals compared to controls. (auth.).

1981-01-01

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Effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to tritiated water for five generations on postnatal brain development

... management. 5.3 Decreased Emissions Changes in engine emission regulations are driving engine technology development. A ...

2004-12-01

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Chronic irradiation and brain development. Final (4th) progress report

The possible long-term effects of chronic radiation exposure have been studied. Rats were given tritiated drinking water (3 #mu#Ci/ml) before and during pregnancy and thereafter continuously through five generations. The brains were studied at 30 and 120 days postnatally. Significant decreases in weight and DNA and protein contents of specific parts of the brain were found, the most pronounced decreases being in the diencephalon. The decrease in protein content were more pronounced than the decreases in DNA content; the decreases were also more pronounced at 30 days than at 120 days, and more pronounced in the fith generation than in previous generations.

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Mechanical properties of joints welded in halogen-containing controlled atmosphere

The possible long term effects of chronic radiation exposure have been studied. Rats were given tritiated drinking water (3#mu#Ci/ml) before pregnancy, during pregnancy and threafter, continuously through 5 generations. The brains were studied at 30 and 120 days postnatally. Significant decreases in weight, DNA and protein contents of specific parts of the brain were found, the most pronounced decreases being in the diencephalon. The decreases in protein content were more pronounced than the decreases in DNA content; the decreases were also more pronounced at 30 days than at 120 days, and more pronounced in the fifth generation than in previous generations. An attempt was made to explain these complex phenomena on the basis of known periods of proliferation of various brain cells, damage to mothers themselves in each generation, and damage and repair of nucleic acids caused by ...

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Extraction of magnesium as the iodide by tributyl phosphate

Studied are the mechanical properties of welded joints and heat affected zones of the Kh8N10T steel and OT4 and VT1-2 titanium alloys on welding in Ar+deltaF_6 and Ar+CCl_2F_2 mixtures contributed to a decrease of porosity. Tensile and impact tests of welded joints have revealed that additions of sulfur hexafluoride into argon causes a decrease of impact strength in titanium alloy when the tensile strength does not depend on the composition of a halogen-containing atmosphere. Freon (CCl_2F_2) additions decrease only slightly the impact strength of the investigated alloys.

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Evaluation of optimum sheath electric field for selective production of metallic carbon nanotubes

The extraction of magnesium by tributyl phosphate from KI solutions was investigated. With increasing KI and TBP concentrations, the extraction increased. The maximum extraction (82%) was attained at pH 4, and it did not decrease with a further pH increase. With decreasing pH, the extraction decreased because of HI extraction. The magnesium was extracted as the compound MgI/sub 2/ x 4TBP. Complexone III (at pH 3-4) does not affect the extraction of magnesium, which makes it possible to use it to mask other metals.

1987-08-20

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Vasoconstrictors in local anesthesia for dentistry.

We estimate the optimum electric field at the sheath edge and the minimum interval among the nanotubes to promote the growth of armchair-type nanotubes (metallic character) as a function of the tube length. On the basis of the electric charge distribution in a nanotube and the optimum electric filed E*_1 at the tip of a nanotube evaluated using the Hueckel-Poisson method, we calculate the structure of the electric field lines outside a nanotube in the sheath region. As the tube length increases, the E*_1 decreases. To maintain the chemical activity at the tip, the sheath electric field must be decreased. We show the decreasing rate of the sheath field to the tube length.

2006-03-21

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Structure and electric transport properties of LnSr_2FeTiO_7 (Ln = La, Nd and Gd)

Addition of a vasoconstrictor to a local anesthetic may have several beneficial effects: a decrease in the peak plasma concentration of the local anesthetic agent, increase in the duration and the quality...Full Text Available

1992-01-01

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Stress, hydrogen segregation, and fracture in #alpha#-#beta# titanium alloys

Three new phases with compositions, LaSr_2FeTiO_7, NdSr_2FeTiO_7 and GdSr_2FeTiO_7, were prepared by the traditional ceramic method. Lazy-Pulverix analysis of the X-ray diffraction data suggests that the phases crystallize in the RP-type (n = 2) structure in the space group, I4/mmm. The cell dimensions along the c-axis decrease with decrease in size of the rare earth ions. Electrical resistivity, as a function of temperature, shows that the materials are insulators and the resistivity decreases with decrease in the size of the rare earth ion, which is attributed to increase in the three-dimensional character. (author)

2011-02-01

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Stearic acid and carcinogenesis.

Strain embrittlement in Ti base alloys during tensile testing was investigated. Results show that in an #alpha#-#beta# titanium alloy the local activity of H in alpha phase (#alpha#/sub H//sup #alpha#) increases and activity of H in beta phase (#alpha#/sub H//sup #beta#) decreases as the equiaxed #alpha# particle size decreases at constant volume fraction of phases. Thus with decreasing particle size there would be a tendency for H to move from #alpha# to #beta#, decreasing the H content of #alpha#. Also whether H tended to move from #beta# to #alpha# or from #alpha# interiors to the #alpha#-#beta# interface this tendency would be reduced by surface tension effects, making the alloy less susceptible to embrittlement.

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SURFACE AND INTERFACE PROPERTIES OF PdCr/SiC SCHOTTKY DIODE GAS ...

Decreased membrane rigidity is one of the characteristics of malignant cells, resulting in part from the desaturation of stearic acid into oleic acid. In this study we investigated the influence of...Full Text Available

1987-10-01

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Radiosensitization of human lung fibroblasts by chemicals that decrease ATP levels

The formation of palladium silicides near the interface may decrease hydrogen solubility at the effective metal/semiconductor ...

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the Evaluation of Swimming Pool Chlorination and Algicides

Radiosensitization by lactate, pyruvate, nalidixic acid and novobiocin was studied in exponentially growing SH-18L human lung fibroblasts. All the chemicals had a slight radiosensitizing effect at a low concentration and a definite effect at a higher one. Decreases in the D_0 and/or Dq values were present in each dose survival curve. Fibroblasts incubated with the low concentration of each chemical for 24 hrs after X irradiation showed no reduction in intracellular ATP content, whereas, the higher concentration produced a significant decrease. These observations suggest that the decrease in the ATP content may be involved in the radiosensitization of human fibroblasts at high concentrations of these chemicals. In contrast, radiosensitization at a low concentration is not explained by a relationship to ATP content. Different mechanisms may be involved in radiosensitization at low and high concentrations of these chemicals. ...

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Newer molecules in the treatment of schizophrenia: A clinical update

Concentrations of ammonia and the chlorine stabilizer, cyanuric acid, which could be expected in swimming pools decreased the rate of kill by chlorine of the potential pathogen, Pseudomonas...Full Text Available

1969-03-01

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NASA Technical Paper 3487 ... - NASA Technical Reports Server

Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder in which multiple neurotransmitter systems have been implicated. Increased and decreased dopamine transmission in the subcortical meso-limbic and...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

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heat transfer augmentation was found to increase with decreasing length scale but no optimum length scale was found. Heat transfer augmentation due to turbu- ...

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Main MenuPg

Gemfibrozil Concentrations are Significantly Decreased in the Presence of Lopinavir/ritonavir

Previous experimental data and theoretical analysis have demonstrated that ... products of a technological process) but also other contaminants. ..... Thorough outgassing of solar array surfaces may result in significant decrease of arc ...

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GENERALIZATION OF POSTURE TRAINING TO COMPUTER WORKSTATIONS IN AN APPLIED SETTING

Objective:To determine the influence of a two-week course of lopinavir-ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of the triglyceride-lowering agent, gemfibrozil.Full Text Available

2009-10-01

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Experimental studies and numerical modeling of the specimen and grain size effects on the flow stress of sheet metal in microforming

Improving employees' posture may decrease the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The current paper is a systematic replication and extension of Sigurdsson...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

44

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this research, the interactive effect of grain and specimen sizes on the flow stress of sheet metal in microforming is investigated via the tensile test of pure copper and numerical modeling. Models based on different assumptions are proposed to analyze the size effect phenomenon. It is found that the flow stress decreases linearly with the decrease of the ratio of specimen to grain sizes. The grain boundary thickness decreases and its volume fraction increases with the decrease of grain size. The variation of grain boundary thickness is not proportional to the variation of grain size. Furthermore, the fraction of grain boundary increases with the strain and the ratio of specimen to grain sizes. Based on the FE simulation, it is found that the simulated flow stress, which is modeled bas...

2011-01-01

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Determination of barometric corrections to the cosmic ray neutron component intensity variations during solar flares and Forbush-decreases using partial barometric coefficient

Color Fluorescence Ratio for Detection of Bronchial Dysplasia and Carcinoma In situ

1971. Australia Dorman, LI Yakhno, OI AN SSSR, Moscow. Inst. Zemnogo

1971-08-16

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Use of gamma irradiation for microbial inactivation of buckwheat flour and buckwheat food products, 6

BackgroundAutofluorescence bronchoscopy is more sensitive than conventional bronchoscopy for detecting early airway mucosal lesions. Decreased specificity can lead...Full Text Available

2009-07-15

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The mGluR2 Positive Allosteric Modulator BINA Decreases Cocaine Self-Administration and Cue-Induced Cocaine-Seeking and Counteracts Cocaine-Induced Enhancement of Brain Reward Function in Rats

The effects of gamma irradiation at 0.2#approx#0.4 Mrad and condition for processing of buckwheat noodles on sensory quality and physical properties were investigated. The results were as follows: (1) Sensory evaluation of buckwheat noodles, prepared with the 70 % ratio of buckwheat flour, was decreased according to an increase of irradiation dose of buckwheat flour. Hardness and adhesiveness of buckwheat noodles caused by irradiation should be given large effect to the texture. Elasticity of buckwheat noodles was linearly decreased with increasing of irradiation dose of buckwheat flour, and elasticity of buckwheat noodles was decreased about 15 % by an increase of irradiation dose at 0.3 Mrad. (2) Maximum torque in Farinograph test was linearly decreased with increasing of irradiation dose of buckwheat flour, and maximum torque was decreased about 3 % by increasing of irradiation ...

1989-01-01

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On the feedwater heating in a steam generator of horizontal type

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 (mGluR2/3) agonists were shown previously to nonselectively decrease both cocaine- and food-maintained responding in rats. mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs)...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

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Influence of microwaves on the order parameter relaxation time of superconducting aluminium

Design layout of horizontal steam generator (SJ) with a special feedwater heating surface (by a surface water economizer), designated for NPPs with WWER-1000 reactors, is suggested. The design enables to decrease sharply the difference between the temperatures of saturation and feedwater. Blowdown outlet is organized against PG face, which increases the efficiency of flowing. The suggested layout enables to decrease thermal stresses in structural units and PG metal content, as compared to the PGV-1000 steam generator.

1989-01-01

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Effect of the hydroxyl-ethyl-cellulose concentration in a silicon wafer polishing slurry on the wafer surface roughness

Experimentally it is found that at constant temperature the order-parameter relaxation time, tausub(..delta..), decreases with increasing power of the microwaves, coupled into a superconducting strip. If the same increase in critical current, that corresponds with a given power of the microwaves, is obtained by lowering the temperature, the decrease in tausub(..delta..) is smaller. This reflects the fact that quasiparticles are removed more efficiently from the gap edge by microwaves than by lowering the temperature in equilibrium. A modified time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation is shown to describe these results adequately.

1982-04-01

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Decreased binding of drugs and dyes to plasma proteins from rats with acute renal failure: effects of ureter ligation and intramuscular injection of glycerol.

The purpose of this study was to reveal the mechanism of wafer touch polishing using a high purity colloidal silica slurry containing organic surfactants such as hydroxyl-ethyl cellulose. The effect of the surfactant concentration on wafer touch polishing was studied to improve the roughness of wafer surfaces after polishing. The haze level and the micro-roughness decreased with decreasing surfactant concentration.

2006-04-01

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Biochemical changes in human cervical connective tissue after local application of prostaglandin E2

1 The decreased binding of drugs and dyes to plasma proteins from male and female rats with acute renal failure has been investigated using equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees C. 2 Acute renal failure...Full Text Available

1979-06-01

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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Intracervical application of prostaglandin E2 in the late first trimester induces (1) softening of the cervix tissue; (2) increase in sulfated glycosaminoglycans (18 +/- 12%, mean +/- SEM); (3) no change in hyaluronic acid and water; (4) decrease in pepsin-extractable collagen, and (5) apparent decrease in collagenase. A high activity of collagenase in combination with a replacement of collagen with sulfated glycosaminoglycans may be of importance for the ripening process.

1983-01-01

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Antibiotic resistance of fecal coliforms after long-term withdrawal of therapeutic and subtherapeutic antibiotic use in a swine herd.

Activated wood charcoal from rubber plants

Tetracycline resistance of fecal coliforms isolated from swine decreased from 82 to 42%, a decrease of less than 50%, after the use of all forms of antimicrobial agents were discontinued in the herd...Full Text Available

1983-12-01

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X-radiation effects on muscle cell membrane electrical parameters

The conditions for the production of activated charcoal having a decolorization power (DP) of less than 160 mL/g for methylene blue solutions from the wood of rubber plants were activation temperature of 1000 degrees, rentention time of 30 minutes, and steam-char-ratio of approximately 1.7. The installation of a side-burner around the rotary kiln to decrease the temperature gradient increased the DP of the activated charcoal to 190-200 mL/g without a decrease in yield.

1982-01-01

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Insulin-induced decrease in protein phosphorylation in rat adipocytes not explained by decreased A-kinase activity

Early effects of 100 Kilorads of X-rays on muscle cell membrane properties have been measured in sartorius muscles from Leptodactylus ocellatus. Threshold strength for rectangular current pulses increased 10% after irradiation, and action potential propagation velocity decreased 10%. Passive membrane parameters were calculated from potential responses to sub-threshold current pulses, assuming conventional cable theory. Specific membrane conductance increased to 18% after irradiation, membrane capacitance increased 14%, and length constant decreased 10% but membrane time constant was unchanged. Cell diameter decreased 5%, and resting membrane potential decreased 8%. Membrane parameters during an action potential were also evaluated by the phase-plane and current-voltage plot techniques. Irradiation significantly decreased the action potential amplitude, the excitation potential, and ...

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The effect of ion implantation of Ar on the aqueous corrosion resistance of Zr-4 alloy

In isolated rat adipocytes, insulin inhibits lipolysis to a greater extent than would be predicted by the decrease in (-/+)cAMP activity ratio of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase), from which it was speculated that insulin promotes the dephosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase. They have examined the phosphorylation state of cellular proteins under conditions of varying A-kinase activities in the presence and absence of insulin. Protein phosphorylation was determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of extracts from /sup 32/P-loaded cells; glycerol and A-kinase activity ratios were measured in the cytosolic extracts from control, non-radioactive cells. Increased protein phosphorylation in general occurred over the same range of A-kinase activity ratios, 0.1-0.3, associated with increased glycerol release. The insulin-induced decrease in lipolysis was associated with a decrease in the /sup 32/P content of several ...

1987-05-01

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The dependence of the temperature of crystal-liquid phase transition on the size and shape of simple nanocrystal

The effect of ion implantation on the aqueous corrosion resistance of Zr-4 in deaerated 1N H_2SO_4 was studied with the potentiokinetic technique. The Zr-4 alloy was bombarded with 5x10"1"4-2x10"1"6 Ar/cm"2 of 190 keV. It was found that the passive current density of Zr-4 decreases with increasing implantation dose. Photoelectrochemical results show that the ion implantation of Ar in Zr-4 raises the flatband potential of its passive film. AES was employed to analyze the surface of the passive film of Zr-4. The decrease in passive current density may be attributed to a thickening oxide layer on Zr-4 and a decrease in concentration of oxygen vacancies in its passive film. ((orig.)).

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The dependence of melting temperature T m on the size and shape of an n -dimensional nanocrystal of elementary single-component substance is studied. The nanocrystal has the form of an n-dimensional parallelepiped with a square base. The ratio of the length of side rib to the length of base rib (which is equal to f) defines the form of the system. It is demonstrated that, if the surface pressure is ignored, the value of T m decreases with isomorphic (f = const) decrease in the size of nanocrystal. In so doing, the more the value of form parameter f deviates from unity, the more appreciable the size dependence of T m will be. However, if the surface pressure (?Laplace pressure??) is taken into account in the case of decrease in size, the value of T m may vary significantly. In so doing, if ...

2009-01-01

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Microstructures and tensile properties of wrought magnesium alloys processed by ECAE

Impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism and kinetic properties of cytochrome oxidase following acute aluminium phosphide exposure in rat liver

Magnesium alloys are ideal candidates to benefit from equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) because of their poor forming characteristics due to a hcp structure. In this study, ECAE processing was applied to ZK31 and AZ31 magnesium alloys under various conditions. The grain size of as-ECAE specimens decreases with decreasing the processing temperature, however, the grain size decreases slightly with increasing number of repetitive processing. Both the tensile strength and 0.2% proof stress of as-ECAE specimens are high when processed at low temperature, but the elongation is high when processed at high temperature. Crystal orientation is different in the two alloys and it also varies according to the processing temperature for the two alloys. The difference of the crystal orientation influences the tensile properties, especially 0.2% proof stress. (orig.)

2003-07-01

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The present study was designed with an aim to analyze the effect of acute aluminium phosphide (ALP) exposure (10mg/kg b.wt, intragastrically) on the kinetic characteristics of cytochrome oxidase and energy metabolism in male Wistar rat liver mitochondria. Liver mitochondrial preparations from ALP-treated rats exhibited significant decrease (66%) in the activity of cytochrome oxidase suggesting that there was a decrease in the catalytic efficiency of the active oxidase molecules on ALP treatment. The decreased activity of cytochrome oxidase with altered NADH and succinic dehydrogenase activities might have contributed towards a significant decline in state 3 and state 4 respiration as observed. These alterations in the electron transport chain complexes in turn adversely affected the ATP sy...

2010-01-01

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Hypoxia decreases sclerostin expression and increases Wnt signaling in osteoblasts

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Mutations in sclerostin function or expression cause sclerosing bone dysplasias, involving decreased antagonism of Wnt/Lrp5 signaling. Conversely, deletion of the VHL tumor suppressor in osteoblasts, which stabilize HIF-a isoforms and thereby enables HIF-a/b-driven gene transcription, increases bone mineral content and cross-sectional area compared to wild-type controls. We examined the influence of cellular hypoxia (1% oxygen) upon sclerostin expression and canonical Wnt signaling. Osteoblasts and osteocytes cultured under hypoxia revealed decreased sclerostin transcript and protein, and increased expression and nuclear localization of activated b-catenin. Similarly, both hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic DFO increased b-catenin gene reporter activity. Hypoxia and its mimetics increased exp...

2010-01-01

63

High temperature properties of ceramics in the SiAlON system

Experiments toward medical management of radionuclides in the gut: effect of deferoxamine on "2"3"8Pu(NO_3)_4 absorption from rat gut

A series of SiAlON materials with a cordierite-based matrix were annealed for different lengths of time to cause crystallization of the glass phase. Their fracture toughness, hardness, and elastic modulus were measured from room temperature up to 1100"0C. The fracture toughness generally decreased with temperature. Short time annealing raised toughness at lower temperatures, while further annealing lowered it back to the value for as-hot pressed materials. At higher test temperatures annealing had no effect on toughness. This annealing behavior is significantly different from that previously reported in the system SaAlON-YAG. Hardness decreased monotonically with temperature for all samples. Both hardness and the elastic modulus were not affected by the annealing treatment. At elevated temperatures appreciable scatter of modulus results allowed only a rough trend of decrease with temperature to be observed.

64

Experimental and analytical study of saturation current density of laser-doped phosphorus emitters for silicon solar cells

Deferoxamine (DFA) (250 mg/kg), orally administered to rats, decreased Pu absorption from orally administered "2"3"8Pu(NO_3)_4 by about 1/3. The calcium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Ca-DTPA), given orally 5 to 10 min after the Pu, increased absorption about four times. DFA given 10 min before the DTPA decreased the effect of the latter by a factor of two. Deferoxamine administration prior to inhalation treatment of man with DTPA may be one way to decrease possible DTPA-enhanced gut absorption of Pu.

1977-05-01

65

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Heavily doped emitters with low saturation current density are of particular interest for selective emitter solar cells. These emitters can be obtained by laser doping through the phosphosilicate glass layer formed after thermal diffusion from POCl3 gas. The experimental results show that in contrast to purely POCl3 furnace-diffused emitters, the saturation current density of laser-doped emitters does not increase linearly as sheet resistance decreases, but rather features two distinct regimes. In one of these regimes, the saturation current density is found to decrease as the sheet resistance decreases, reaching values lower than those of furnace emitters. This peculiar behaviour was explained by both qualitative analysis and numerical simulations.

2011-01-01

66

Effects of stress on radiation hardening and microstructural evolution in A533B steel

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Bent specimens of A533B steel (0.16wt% Cu) were irradiated at 290degreeC to 1dpa with 6.4MeV Fe3+ ions. Calculated tensile stresses at the irradiated surface were set to 0, 250, 500 and 750MPa. The specimens were subjected to hardness measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations and three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) analysis. The radiation-induced hardening decreased with increasing stress to 500MPa which was near the yield strength. TEM and 3DAP results showed that well-defined dislocation loops and solute clusters were formed. The diameter of dislocation loops increased and the number density decreased when the stress was applied, whereas the diameter and number density of solute clusters decreased. The hardening was mainly attributed to solute cluster formation. A...

2010-01-01

67

Decreased dendritic spine density and abnormal spine morphology in Fyn knockout mice

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Fyn is a Src-family tyrosine kinase that affects long term potentiation (LTP), synapse formation, and learning and memory. Fyn is also implicated in dendritic spine formation both in vitro and in vivo. However, whether Fyn's regulation of dendritic spine formation is brain-region specific and age-dependent is unknown. In the present study, we systematically examined whether Fyn altered dendritic spine density and morphology in the cortex and hippocampus and if these effects were age-dependent. We found that Fyn knockout mice trended toward a decrease in dendritic spine density in cortical layers II/III, but not in the hippocampus, at 1month of age. Additionally, Fyn knockout mice had significantly decreased dendritic spine density in both the cortex and hippocampus at 3months and 1year, an...

2011-01-01

68

Catalytic desulfurization of organic sulfur compounds over zeolite catalysts

c-Myc Mediates a Hypoxia-Induced Decrease in Acetylated Histone H4

In the dehydrodesulfurization of ethanethiol at 400/sup 0/C, the activities of sodium X, Y, and A zeolites decreased in the order given as did the activities of nickel, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, copper, silver, lead, manganese, barium, calcium, sodium, and iron Y zeolite catalysts. A volcano-shape order was observed between the catalytic activity and the electronegativity of the metal ions. The changes in the activity of hydrogen Y zeolite catalyst in ethanethiol dehydrodesulfurization and cumene dealkylation by calcination agreed with the decrease in the Broensted acidity but were independent of Lewis acidity. For hydrodesulfurization of thiophene, the activities of nickel, cobalt, copper, and silver Y zeolite catalysts decreased in the order given and were greater than for a commercial hydrodesulfurization catalyst; reduced and presulfided catalysts showed selective hydrodesulfurization activity. Addition of 5% of nickel or ...

1980-01-01

69

Violation of the second law of black hole physics by tachyons

Global acetylation of histone H4 is a mark of gene transcriptional activation. The c-Myc transcription factor binds to specific DNA sites in cellular chromatin and induces the acetylation of...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

70

Violation of the second law of black hole physics by tachyons

It is shown that the interaction of a class of positive energy tachyons decreases the area of the horizon of the T-S, delta = 3 metric even in the case of a reversible transformation (Msub(ir) = constant). This is a violation of the second law of black hole physics.

1982-10-01

71

Variability In Motor Learning: Relocating, Channeling and Reducing Noise

It is shown that the interaction of a class of positive energy tachyons decreases the area of the horizon of the T-S, delta = 3 metric even in the case of a reversible transformation (Msub(ir) = constant). This is a violation of the second law of black hole physics. (author).

72

Understanding the nature of the statistics behind energy-related CO{sub 2} emissions

Variability in motor performance decreases with practice but is never entirely eliminated, due in part to inherent motor noise. The present study develops a method that quantifies how performers...Full Text Available

2009-02-01

73

Treatment of early uterine sarcomas: disentangling adjuvant modalities

Research reported here reveals that the reduction of CO{sub 2} emissions into the atmosphere, is mainly dependent on the decrease of the use of fossil fuels, but also on the development of environment-friendly technology and greening of the environment. 2 refs.

2001-07-01

74

The inhomogeneous structure of water at ambient conditions

Uterine sarcomas are a rare group of neoplasms with aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. They are classified into four main histological subtypes in order of decreasing incidence: carcinosarcomas,...Full Text Available

75

The inhibition of staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation by vancomycin-modified titanium alloy and implications for the treatment of periprosthetic infection

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is used to demonstrate the presence of density fluctuations in ambient water on a physical length-scale of ≈1 nm; this is retained with decreasing temperature...Full Text Available

2009-09-08

76

The influence of metallurgical variables on the temperature dependence of irradiation hardening in pressure vessel steels

Peri-prosthetic infections are notoriously difficult to treat as the biomaterial implant is ideal for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, resulting in decreased antibiotic sensitivity....Full Text Available

2008-12-01

77

The effects of short term and chronic exposure to tritiated drinking water on pre- and postnatal brain development

Yield stress elevations (#DELTA##sigma#_y) in pressure vessel steels irradiated at intermediate flux and fluence systematically decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing copper and nickel content. Lower stress relief temperature also decreased #DELTA##sigma#_y at bulk copper concentrations greater than about 0.3%. The dependence of #DELTA##sigma#_y on irradiation temperature between 260 and 316 C increased with copper and nickel content and decreased with phosphorus content. When normalized by the average #DELTA##sigma#_y, the fractional temperature dependence correlates with a simple empirical chemistry factor of copper and phosphorus. The correlation predicts data on the irradiation temperature dependence of #DELTA##sigma#_y found in the literature within a standard error of about 0.3 MPa/degree C and is consistent with current understanding of hardening mechanisms. However, questions ...

1994-06-20

78

The URE2 protein regulates nitrogen catabolic gene expression through the GATAA-containing UASNTR element in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Ingestion of HTO during oocyte maturation and continued during pre-implantation time was found to depress decidual response. At birth these offspring also showed a decrease in brain cell number. When HTO was given during pregnancy only, the offspring at birth showed a similar deficit in brain cell number. Even so, we could not demonstrate a gross deficit in oocyte maturation when HTO was ingested during sexual maturity only; however, when further continued during pregnancy, the measured newborn parameters were most severely affected. In this group, cell-multiplication in the cerebrum was severely decreased, protein synthesis was decreased, and somatic growth was also highly significantly decreased. These experiments indicate that even a short-term exposure to HTO during early pregnancy (pre-implantation) alters normal development to such an extent that it is still observable at birth. During embryonic ...

1980-11-26

79

The Effects of Temperature on the Labellar Chemoreceptors of the Blowfly

Many of the gene products that participate in nitrogen metabolism are sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR), i.e., their expression is decreased to low levels when readily used nitrogen...Full Text Available

1994-12-01

80

The Effect of 5?-Reductase Inhibition With Dutasteride and Finasteride on Bone Mineral Density, Serum Lipoproteins, Hemoglobin, Prostate Specific Antigen and Sexual Function in Healthy Young Men

In the labellar chemosensory hairs of the blowfly, Phormia regina Meigen, stationary amplitudes of the slow potentials induced by salt and sugar stimulations were decreased to 50–80%...Full Text Available

1972-02-01

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81

Tachyons and the second law of black hole physics

PurposeDutasteride and finasteride are 5α-reductase inhibitors that dramatically decrease serum levels of dihydrotestosterone. Because androgens...Full Text Available

2008-06-01

82

Study of 750 J plasma coaxial accelerator

It is shown that the usual proof of the second law of black hole physics breaks down if there are tachyons present in the vicinity of a black hole. Explicit cases are discussed where a tachyon of positive energy falling into the Kerr singularity actually decreases the area of the Kerr black hole. (author).

83

Strategies for initial management of hypertension

A 750 J plasma coaxial accelerator is used to produce plasma using air at 0.2 torr pressure and 8 kv charging voltage. The discharge current and voltage traces showed that the total circuit inductance was about 1750 ?H. The experimental results showed that the plasma sheath reached the muzzle after 6 ?s with velocity equal to 4 cm/?s, after then it decreased, while the simulation model showed that the plasma sheath reaches the muzzle with velocity of 3 cm/?s and after one microsecond it increases to reach about 4 cm/?s after 12 ?s then it decreased. The plasma temperature measurements showed that the plasma sheath reached the muzzle with temperature of about 9 eV and increase to reach about 12 eV after 8.5 ?s then after it decrease. The simulation model showed that the plasma temperature at the muzzle is about 10.5 eV and continue to increase to reach 17.5 eV after 12 ?s then it decrease.

2009-05-01

84

Sperm competition games: optimal sperm allocation in response to the size of competing ejaculates

High blood pressure (BP) is a major public health problem in India and its prevalence is rapidly increasing among urban and rural populations. Reducing systolic and diastolic BP can decrease cardiovascular...Full Text Available

2010-11-01

85

Soybean Mutants Lacking Constitutive Nitrate Reductase Activity 1

Sperm competition theory predicts that when males are certain of sperm competition, they should decrease sperm investment in matings with an increasing number of competing ejaculates. How males should...Full Text Available

2007-01-22

86

Site-specific modification of albumin by free radicals. Reaction with copper(II) and ascorbate.

The objectives of this study were to select and initially characterize mutants of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Williams) with decreased ability to reduce nitrate. Selection involved...Full Text Available

1983-06-01

87

Prevention and control of haemophilia: memorandum from a joint WHO/WFH meeting (World Federation of Haemophilia)

Exposure of albumin to Cu(II) (10-100 microM) and ascorbate (0.1-2 mM) results in extensive molecular modifications, indicated by decreased fluorescence and chain breaks. The rate of utilization of...Full Text Available

1986-06-01

88

Preventable maternal mortality: Geographic/rural-urban differences and associated factors from the population-based maternal mortality surveillance system in China

Haemophilia, the commonest hereditary bleeding disorder, arises because of the absence of, decrease in, or deficient functioning of plasma coagulation factor VIII or factor IX. With rare exceptions,...Full Text Available

1991-01-01

89

Pretreatment with the gram-positive bacterial cell wall molecule peptidoglycan improves bacterial clearance and decreases inflammation and mortality in mice challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

BackgroundMost maternal deaths in developing countries can be prevented. China is among the 13 countries with the most maternal deaths; however, there has been a marked decrease...Full Text Available

90

Pretreatment with a soluble activin type IIB receptor/Fc fusion protein improves hypoxia-induced muscle dysfunction

The objective of this study was to determine if inflammatory tolerance and enhancement of innate immune function could be induced by the gram-positive cell wall component peptidoglycan (PGN)....Full Text Available

2008-10-01

91

Polyandry increases offspring viability and mother productivity but does not decrease mother survival in Drosophila pseudoobscura

Hypoxia, or reduced oxygen, occurs in a variety of clinical and environmental situations. Hypoxic exposure is associated with decreased muscle mass and a concomitant reduction in exercise capacity,...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

92

Nrf2 increases survival and attenuates alveolar growth inhibition in neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia

Polyandrous mating is common, but the benefits for females of polyandry remain controversial. To test whether mating with multiple males affects female fitness, we compared lifetime components of fitness...Full Text Available

2010-08-03

93

Non-agonistic familiarity decreases aggression in male Turkish hamsters, Mesocricetus brandti

Increased oxidative stress is associated with perinatal asphyxia and respiratory distress in the newborn period. Induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor (Nrf2) has been shown to decrease...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

94

Morphological and metabolic responses to starvation by the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella alga BrY.

In laboratory studies, hamsters (Mesocricetus spp.) exhibit intense male-male aggression, thus making them an excellent model system for studies of the functional and mechanistic...Full Text Available

2009-02-01

95

Microsoft Word - First Results 68 text_EN_v11.doc

The response of the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella alga BrY to carbon and nitrogen starvation was examined. Starvation resulted in a gradual decrease in the mean cell volume from...Full Text Available

1996-12-01

96

Wastenet

Eurobarometer 67, carried out in Spring 2007 ...fallen somewhat compared to the peak seen in Spring 2007.However, in the main this ...decrease of 9 points from the +26 score seen in Spring 2007 (where

97

Metabolic, Endocrine, and Immune Consequences of Sleep Deprivation

Macropinocytosis is decreased in diabetic mouse macrophages and is regulated by AMPK

Over the last three to four decades, it has been observed that the average total hours of sleep have decreased to less than seven hours per person per night. Concomitantly, global figures relating to...Full Text Available

98

Low level of polymorphism in two putative NPR1 homologs in the Vitaceae family

BackgroundMacrophages (MΦs) utilize macropinocytosis to integrate immune and metabolic signals in order to initiate an effective immune response. Diabetes is characterized...Full Text Available

99

Lack of LDL Receptor Enhances Amyloid Deposition and Decreases Glial Response in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model

BackgroundGrapevine is subjected to numerous pests and diseases resulting in the use of phytochemicals in large quantities. The will to decrease the use of phytochemicals leads to...Full Text Available

100

Kinship-based politics and the optimal size of kin groups

BackgroundApolipoprotein E (ApoE), a cholesterol carrier associated with atherosclerosis, is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The low-density lipoprotein receptor...Full Text Available

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101

Intrauterine tracheal obstruction, a new treatment for congenital diaphragmatic hernia, decreases amniotic fluid sodium and chloride concentrations in the fetal lamb.

Kin form important political groups, which change in size and relative inequality with demographic shifts. Increases in the rate of population growth increase the size of kin groups but decrease their...Full Text Available

2005-08-16

102

Improving yield of industrial biomass propagation by increasing the Trx2p dosage

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of fetal tracheal occlusion on sodium and chloride concentrations in amniotic and tracheal fluid. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Intrauterine tracheal occlusion has been...Full Text Available

1997-12-01

103

Impact of vegetation removal and soil aridation on diurnal temperature range in a semiarid region: Application to the Sahel

The beneficial effect of improving yeast redox response by increasing thioredoxin levels has been shown. Decreased lipid and protein oxidation is reflected in an increased biomass yield. In addition,...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

104

Impact of informed-choice invitations on diabetes screening knowledge, attitude and intentions: an analogue study

Increased clouds and precipitation normally decrease the diurnal temperature range (DTR) and thus have commonly been offered as explanation for the trend of reduced DTR observed for many land areas...Full Text Available

2007-11-13

105

If started early in life, metformin treatment increases life span and postpones tumors in female SHR mice

BackgroundDespite concerns that facilitating informed choice would decrease diabetes screening uptake, 'informed choice' invitations that increased knowledge did not affect attendance...Full Text Available

106

Hyperoxia enhances VEGF release from A549 cells via post-transcriptional processes

Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia accelerate both aging and cancer. Antidiabetic biguanides such as metformin decrease glucose, insulin and IGF-1 level. Metformin increases lifespan and prevents cancer...Full Text Available

107

Gravitropism in Higher Plant Shoots ¹

Exposure of animals to hyperoxia decreases lung VEGF mRNA expression concomitant with an acute increase in VEGF protein within the epithelial lining fluid (ELF). The VEGF concentration in ELF...Full Text Available

2007-09-01

108

Genome-wide linkage scan for contraction velocity characteristics of knee musculature in the Leuven Genes for Muscular Strength Study

Ethylene at 1.0 and 10.0 cubic centimeters per cubic meter decreased the rate of gravitropic bending in stems of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon...Full Text Available

1986-10-01

109

GSFC Earth-Sun Exploration Division - Sciences and Exploration ...

The torque-velocity relationship is known to be affected by ageing, decreasing its protective role in the prevention of falls. Interindividual variability in this torque-velocity relationship is partly...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

110

Flashlamp radiation recycling for enhanced pumping efficiency and reduced thermal load

retrieve detailed aerosol and cloud particle size distribution and shape ...... but on rain types, and hydrometeor characteristics. ..... of ice streams, decreasing sea ice cover in the Arctic, poleward movement of forest cover, and ...

111

Exercise Decreases Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Expression in the Spinal Cord and Positively Modulates Neuronal Growth

A method for recycling laser flashlamp radiation in selected wavelength ranges to decrease thermal loading of the solid state laser matrix while substantially maintaining the pumping efficiency of the flashlamp.

1989-01-01

112

Elevated BMI Is Associated With Decreased Blood Flow in the Prefrontal Cortex Using SPECT Imaging in Healthy Adults

To successfully grow, neurons need to overcome the effects of hostile environments, such as the inhibitory action of myelin. We have evaluated the potential of exercise to overcome the intrinsic...Full Text Available

2007-07-01

113

Effects of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide on physical and biochemical properties of the claw horn of Holstein cows

Obesity is a risk factor for stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Excess body fat has been linked to impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and impulsivity and may be a precursor to decline...Full Text Available

2011-05-01

114

Effect of long-term caloric restriction on oxygen consumption and body temperature in two different strains of mice

The effects of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide on the physical and biochemical properties of the claw horn of Holstein cows were evaluated. Significant (P < 0.05, 0.01) decreases...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

115

Effect of coal rank and mineral matter on gasification reactivity of coal char treated at high temperature; Netsushorishita sekitan char no gas ka tokusei ni taisuru tanshu oyobi kobutsushitsu no eikyo

The hypothesis, that a decrease in metabolic rate mediates the life span prolonging effect of caloric restriction (CR), was tested using two strains of mice, one of which, C57BL/6, exhibits...Full Text Available

2007-10-01

116

Development on the technology for tritium removal processes (II).

In the wide range from brown coal to anthracite, an investigation was made of effects of heat treatment on physical/chemical properties and of coal rank dependence. For the experiment, 12 kinds of coal samples were used, and for heat treatment, the fluidized bed heated by the electric furnace and the infrared-ray gold image furnace were used. To examine characteristics of the heat-treated coal char, conducted were oxygen gasification, TPD measurement, XRD measurement, alkali metal measurement, and pore distribution measurement. The following were obtained from the experiment. The gasification reaction rate of the char heat-treated in the temperature range between 900{degree}C to 1700{degree}C decreases with a rise of the temperature of heat treatment, and the degree of decrease in the rate depends on coal rank. The order of gasification rate between coal ranks depends on the temperature of heat treatment, and the lower the heat treatment ...

1996-10-28

117

Development of a methodology to assess organometallic effects on bioenergetic systems

In order to decrease tritium exposure to workers, the ratio of which is up to 40% of total exposure, tritium removal facility is getting to be one of the considerable parameters in Korea, due to the next CANDUs to be operated at Wolsung NPP. For investiga...

1993-01-01

118

Defective major histocompatibility complex class I expression on lymphoid cells in autoimmunity.

A methodology for assessing the impact of subacute concentrations of organometallic agents on bioenergetic and oxidative damage processes in animals, cells and energy transducing subcellular organelles is being developed. Several of the assays are noninvasive and thus lend themselves to human tests. At the whole-animal level we utilize a treadmill chamber where physiological parameters of exercising animals are monitored. These include parameters of whole animals' work performance such as oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide evolution and endurance. Oxidative damage can be monitored in experiments by analyzing expired air of the animals for ethane and n-pentane. These alkanes correlate with lipid peroxidation in vivo. At the cellular and subcellular levels, respiratory activity, lipid peroxidation and free radical species are assayed. Respiratory activity is measured in muscle homogenates and isolated mitochondria using substrates which feed into different segments of the ...

1981-06-01

119

Decreased respiratory quotient in relation to resting energy expenditure in HIV-infected and non-infected subjects

Lymphocytes from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), a chronic autoimmune disease, have recently been shown to have decreased surface expression of MHC class I antigens. Since...Full Text Available

1993-05-01

120

Decreased CSF Transferrin in sCJD: A Potential Pre-Mortem Diagnostic Test for Prion Disorders

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of respiratory quotient (RQ), a surrogate marker of substrate oxidation, as well as body composition and dietary intake to resting...Full Text Available

2009-05-01

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121

Decrease in dust content and removal of sludge during drilling ascending shafts in coal

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob-disease (sCJD) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition that escapes detection until autopsy. Recently, brain iron dyshomeostasis accompanied by increased transferrin (Tf) was...Full Text Available

122

Climate change: is the dark Soay sheep endangered?

Results are presented of analysis of the dust content of air and the resources for removing sludge at the mines of the Kuzbass during drilling of ascending shafts. A design is proposed for sludge removing devices with automatic opening and closing of the valve hinges.

1983-01-01

123

Characterization of discrete classes of binding sites of human serum albumin by application of thermodynamic principles.

It was recently reported that the proportion of dark-coloured Soay sheep (Ovis aries) in the Hebrides has decreased, despite the fact that dark sheep tend to be larger than lighter...Full Text Available

2009-12-23

124

Carotid Stenting vs Endarterectomy: New Results in Perspective

The binding interactions of four ligands differing in acid-base properties with human serum albumin (HSA) were examined as a function of temperature. Binding to HSA decreased with increasing temperature...Full Text Available

1994-08-15

125

CDC - Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975...

Carotid artery stenosis is a major risk factor for stroke, and treatments for this condition to decrease the risk of stroke include medical therapy, carotid endarterectomy (CEA), and, more recently,...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

126

Bone Disease in HIV Infection: A Practical Review and Recommendations for HIV Care Providers

tumors make up two-thirds of all adult brain tumors and one-third of childhood brain tumors. Cancer Among Men, 2003-2007 Incidence rates decreased for lung, colorectal,...

2011-10-15

127

Augmented behavioral response and enhanced synaptosomal calcium transport induced by repeated cocaine administration are decreased by calcium channel blockers

Low bone mineral density (BMD) is prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected subjects. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy is associated with a 2%–6% decrease...Full Text Available

2010-10-15

128

Association between intratumoral lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) and clinicopathologic features in endometrial cancer: a retrospective cohort study

Recent studies suggest that calcium influx via L-type calcium channels is necessary for psychostimulant-induced behavioral sensitization. In addition, chronic amphetamine upregulates subtype...Full Text Available

2007-07-26

129

Assessment of forest fuel loadings in Puerto Rico and the US ...

BackgroundLymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer significantly decreases survival rate. Few data on the influence of intratumoral lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) on survival...Full Text Available

130

Aging alters the expression of neurotransmission-regulating proteins in the hippocampal synaptoproteome

Jun 16, 2011 ... Results indicated that fuel loadings averaged 24.05 Mg ha 1 in 2004–2006. Forest litter decreased from wetter to drier forest life zones. ...

131

A study of membrane protein defects and alpha hemoglobin chains of red blood cells in human beta thalassemia

Decreased cognitive performance reduces independence and quality of life for aging individuals. Healthy brain aging does not involve significant neuronal loss, but little is known about the...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

132

A rational vision of stratospheric ozone

The soluble pool of alpha hemoglobin chains present in blood or bone marrow cells was measured with a new affinity method using a specific probe, beta A hemoglobin chain labeled with ["3H]N-ethylmaleimide. This pool of soluble alpha chains was 0.067 #+-# 0.017% of hemoglobin in blood of normal adult, 0.11 #+-# 0.03% in heterozygous beta thalassemia and ranged from 0.26 to 1.30% in homozygous beta thalassemia intermedia. This elevated pool of soluble alpha chains observed in human beta thalassemia intermedia decreased 33-fold from a value of 10% of total hemoglobin in bone marrow cells to 0.3% in the most dense red blood cells. The amount of insoluble alpha chains was measured by using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in urea and Triton X-100. In beta thalassemia intermedia the amount of insoluble alpha chains was correlated with the decreased spectrin content of red cell membrane and was associated with a decrease in ...

133

A possible role of decreased relaxation mediated by beta-adrenoceptors in bladder outlet obstruction by benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This work deals with a rational vision of stratospheric ozone including the threats on ozone layer, the verifications and the fears. After a recalling on the ozone layer history, the authors treats the question of the ultraviolets particularly the beneficial effects. Then an explanation of the ozone layer decrease is given. (O.L.). 29 refs., 6 figs.

1995-03-01

134

A new gene (alkB) of Escherichia coli that controls sensitivity to methyl methane sulfonate.

1. To explore mechanisms of urinary obstruction in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the features of contraction and relaxation in human hyperplastic and non-hyperplastic (control) prostatic tissues...Full Text Available

1992-11-01

135

A decrease in retinal progenitor cells is associated with early features of diabetic retinopathy in a model that combines diabetes and hypertension

Seven mutants of Escherichia coli were isolated that are sensitive to methyl methane sulfonate but not to UV light. They exhibited decreased host cell reactivation capacity for methyl methane sulfonate-treated...Full Text Available

1983-03-01

136

A Longitudinal Study of Medicaid Coverage for Tobacco Dependence Treatments in Massachusetts and Associated Decreases in Hospitalizations for Cardiovascular Disease

PurposeHyperglycemia and hypertension contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy, and this may involve alterations in the normal retinal cell cycle. In this work, we examined...Full Text Available

137

?-Blocker Use Is Associated With Decreased Risk of Sexual Dysfunction

BackgroundInsurance coverage of tobacco cessation medications increases their use and reduces smoking prevalence in a population. However, uncertainty about the impact of this coverage...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

138

Spectroscopy of color centers in yttrium-aluminium perovskite crystals

OBJECTIVESTo examine the association between α-blocker use and sexual dysfunction among men participating in a population-based cohort of...Full Text Available

2009-07-01

139

Safety analysis and justification for modification of auxiliary feed-water system in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant

The color centers, which are generated in yttrium-aluminium perovskite (YAP):Nd(1 at.%) and YAP:Er(50 at.%) crystals under the influence of ultraviolet and #gamma#-irradiation, have been studied by absorption spectroscopy. The generated color centers are both stable and transient at room temperature. It is shown that the transient color centers are mainly responsible for the decrease of laser generation efficiency of Nd:YAP and YAP:Er irradiated crystals, although physical mechanisms leading to efficiency decrease are different in these materials. (orig.)

1998-07-24

140

Research on Nanosecond Pulse Corona Discharge Attenuation

The major feed-water line break accident is re-analyzed, which is based on Guangdong Daya Bay nuclear power station final safety analysis report, to justify the impacts of the decreasing of auxiliary feed-water flow rate on the safety margin in Daya Bay. The results showed that the accident analysis can meet the demands of acceptance criteria with the auxiliary feed-water flowrate decreasing from 45 m"3/h to 41.8 m"3/h, and enough safety margin is still retained

2002-06-01

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141

Rapid clearance of iodine-131 MIBG from the heart and liver of patients with adrenergic dysfunction and pheochromocytoma

A line-to-plate reactor was set-up in the experimental study on the application of nanosecond pulsed corona discharge plasma technology in environmental pollution control. Investigation on the attenuation and distortion of the amplitude of the pulse wave front and the discharge image as well as the waveform along the corona wire was conducted. The results show that the wave front decreases sharply during the corona discharge along the corona wire. The higher the amplitude of the applied pulse is, the more the amplitude of the wave front decreased. The wave attenuation responds in a lower corona discharge inversely. To get a higher efficiency of the line-to-plate reactor a sharp attenuation of the corona has to be considered in practical design.

2007-12-01

142

Radiolysis of selected antibiotics and their toxic effects on various aquatic organisms

Iodine-131 MIBG, a radiolabeled adrenergic neuron-blocking agent, decreased rapidly from the heart and liver of patients with adrenergic dysfunction and pheochromocytoma when compared with eight controls. However, there was no significant difference in the rate of (/sup 131/I)MIBG decrease in these organs between controls and patients in the intervals subsequent to 4 hr. These findings suggest that adrenergic neuronal uptake of (/sup 131/I)MIBG in these organs is smaller in the patients than in the controls. Measurements of time-activity relationships of radioiodinated MIBG may be useful for assessment of adrenergic function of these organs and thus of generalized disorders of adrenergic innervation.

1985-04-01

143

Positronium formation in liquid nitrogen as a function of electric field

This study was conducted to investigate the decomposition of three {gamma}-irradiated antibiotics (e.g., tetracycline, sulfamethazine, and lincomycin) and to compare the toxic effects on Daphnia magna, Vibrio fischeri, and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The median cell growth inhibition concentrations (IC{sub 50}) of tetracycline, lincomycin, and sulfamethazine for P. subcapitata dramatically increased (e.g., toxicity decreased) after radiolysis. The results demonstrated that {gamma}-radiation treatment was efficient to decompose antibiotics and thereby their toxicity on P. subcaptitata remarkably decreased due to reduced parent compounds.

2009-04-15

144

Nitrogen oxides decreasing combustion method

The intensity of the orthopositronium component and its lifetime have been measured in liquid nitrogen as a function of electric field. While the lifetime remains constant at about 12.5 ns, the fraction of positronium formed is about 20% at zero field and decreases monotonically to an asymptotic value near 6% as the field is raised to 3.2 MV m"-"1. The decrease is roughly exponential with a drop off rate of 2.0 MV m"-"1. The results are a further indication of the importance of Mogensen's spur mechanism in the positronium formation process. (author).

1993-07-01

145

Nitrogen oxides decreasing combustion method

A nitrogen oxides decreasing combustion method comprising: mixing a fuel and air with each other; bringing the mixture obtained into contact with a packed catalyst; and adding a fresh supply of the fuel to the stream obtained to form a mixed gas and causing the mixed gas to undergo non-catalytic thermal combustion, characterized in that only a catalytic reaction or combustion occurs at the packed catalyst; the temperature of the packed catalyst is kept lower than the ignition temperature of the mixture; the adiabatic flame temperature which is reached by the non-catalytic thermal combustion of the mixed gas is lower than the temperature at which the nitrogen oxides occur. 39 figs.

1988-10-19

146

Negative snakes in JET: evidence for negative shear

This patent describes a nitrogen oxides decreasing combustion method which comprises: a first step of mixing a fuel and air with each other; a second step of bringing the mixture obtained in the first step into contact with a packed catalyst such that only catalytic combustion occurs; and a third step of adding a fresh supply of the fuel to a stream obtained from the second step to form a mixed gas and causing the mixed gas to undergo non-catalytic thermal combustion. The temperature of the packed catalyst is lower than the ignition temperature of the mixture and the adiabatic flame temperature of the mixed gas is lower than a temperature at which the nitrogen oxides occur.

1988-03-22

147

Magnetic and electrical properties of single crystalline Formula Not Shown

The signature of the negative snakes from the soft X-ray cameras is very similar to the more usual snakes except that the localised region of the snake has, compared with its surroundings, decreased rather than increased emission. Circumstances where negative snakes have been seen are reviewed. The negative snake appears as a region of increased resistance and of increased impurity density. The relationship between the shear and the current perturbation is shown, and it seem probable that the magnetic shear is reversed at the point of the negative snake, i.e. that q is decreasing with radius. 6 refs., 6 figs.

1994-07-01

148

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We have successfully grown single crystalline Formula Not Shown with the range of Formula Not Shown using the floating-zone method. All compounds show orthorhombic symmetry in this substitution range, but the difference between lattice constants a and b decreases with increasing Sr concentration and becomes almost zero at Formula Not Shown . Characteristic temperatures, which correspond to antiferromagnetic ordering and structural transition, decrease with increasing Sr concentration. The value of the magnetic susceptibility below 30K increases with increasing Sr concentration. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity revealed that Sr substitution significantly suppresses the highly anisotropic electric structure of Formula Not Shown .

2008-01-01

149

Ion funnel with extended mass range and reduced conductance limit aperture

Feynman scaling violation due to baryon number diffusion in rapidity space

An improved ion funnel design is disclosed that decreases the axial RF (parasite) fields at the ion funnel exit. This is achieved by addition of one or more compensation electrodes after the conductance limit electrode. Various RF voltage profiles may be applied to the various electrodes minimizing the parasite axial potential wells. The smallest RF aperture that serves as the conductance limiting electrode is further reduced over standard designs. Overall, the ion funnel improves transmission ranges of both low m/z and high m/z ions, reducing RF activation of ions and decreasing the gas load to subsequent differential pumping stages.

2008-04-01

150

Effects of "2"3"9Pu administered at 9 days of gestation on hematologic development of the rat

A significant asymmetry in baryon/antibaryon yields in the central region of high energy collisions is observed when the initial state has non-zero baryon charge. This asymmetry is connected with the possibility of a baryon charge diffusion in rapidity space. Evidently, such a diffusion should decrease the baryon charge in the fragmentation region leading to the corresponding decrease of the multiplicity of leading baryons. As a result, a new mechanism for Feynman scaling violation in the fragmentation region is obtained. We present the quantitative predictions for the Feynman scaling violation at LHC energies and even at highier energies that can be important for cosmic ray physics.

2011-01-01

151

Development of radial-flow type internally oil-cooled oil-filled cable

Injection of pregnant rats with monomeric "2"3"9Pu after 9 days of gestation decreased their leukocyte and reticulocyte counts at 5 and 10 days postexposure. Most of the fetal hematologic enumerative values were unaffected by injection of monomeric "2"3"9Pu. There was, however, a major change in the maturation of the cells of the erythroid series, as indicated by a difference in the distribution between cell types. The weight of the yolk sac and fetal liver, and the cellularity of the fetal spleen were decreased.

1977-05-01

152

Depression among Alumni of Foster Care: Decreasing Rates through Improvement of Experiences in Care

A radial-flow type internally oil-cooled oil-filled cable has been developed. This system is characterized in that the oil flows radially through the paper insulation. The thermal resistance of the insulation is equivalently decreased by the radial-flow. The decreased thermal resistance as well as the cooling effect of the oil flow in the central oil duct and the outer oil duct under an aluminum sheath increase the current capacity. A calculation method of cooling characteristics is introduced. The stability of the cable and accessories was confirmed through initial electrical tests and a long-term field test.

1988-01-01

153

Collisional transport in a plasma with steep gradients

The Northwest Foster Care Alumni Study examined the relation between experiences in foster care and depression among young adults who spent at least a year in foster care as adolescents. Results indicate that preparation for leaving foster care, nurturing supports from the foster family, school stability, access to tutoring, access to therapeutic service and support, and a shorter and more stable placement history were associated with a lower probability of depression in young adulthood. Results provide evidence that suggest ways to improve practice to decrease rates of depression among alumni of care. (Contains 2 tables.)

2008-12-01

154

Early detection by sup(99m)Tc-Sn-pyrophosphate scintigraphy of femoral head necrosis following medial femoral neck fractures

The validity is given to the newly proposed two {delta}f method for neoclassical transport calculation, which can be solve the drift kinetic equation considering effects of steep plasma gradients, large radial electric field, finite banana width, and an orbit topology near the axis. The new method is applied to the study of ion transport with steep plasma gradients. It is found that the ion thermal diffusivity decreases as the scale length of density gradient decreases, while the ion particle flux due to ion-ion self collisions increases with increasing gradient. (author)

1999-06-01

155

Uptake of /sup 67/Ga in the lung of mice during bleomycin treatment

A selected series of 24 patients with displaced medial femoral neck fracture, treated with closed reduction and osteosynthesis with cancellous bone screws (ASIF), were investigated. During an observation period of 6 to 26 months, serial hip joint scintigraphies were performed and compared with serial X-ray examinations. At the first scintigraphic examination performed on average 5-6 weeks after the fracture, two separate investigators found a decreased amount of activity or no activity in the femoral head of 10 and 8 patients, respectively. At the second scintigraphic examination performed on average 11.1 weeks after the fracture both investigators found no activity or a decreased amount of activity in 8 patients. This figure declined to 7 during the following period, because one patient with decreased activity was recorded as having normal activity 15 months after the fracture. These 7 patients all developed radiological ...

156

Regulation of NMDA and AMPA receptors during the maturation phase of chicken brain development

Changes of /sup 67/Ga uptake in the lungs and changes of components of the so-called ground substance of the lung connective tissues of mice were followed for 7 weeks after the start of bleomycin (BLM) administration (20 mg/kg body weight IP, twice weekly for 5 weeks; this treatment induced fibrosis of the lung). /sup 67/Ga uptake of the lung was elevated at 1 week, and reached a maximum at 5 weeks (3.00+-0.11% dose/g lung), and then decreased slightly at 7 weeks. The uronic acid content in the 1.2 M NaCl-soluble fraction, which contained predominantly heparan sulfate (HS), was increased at 1 week, peaked at 3 weeks, and then remained unchanged up to 7 weeks. This pattern was similar to that of /sup 67/Ca acumulation in the lungs. The uronic acid content of the 0.4 M NaCl-fraction, which contained predominantly hyaluronic acid (HA), was decreased at 1 week, but increased to a maximum at 3 weeks, then decreased to about the ...

1984-02-01

157

Quality of water and time-of-travel in Bakers Creek near Clinton, Mississippi. [Bakers Creek

Full text: The maturation of chicken forebrain is protracted and occurs well after synapse formation providing a good model for studying mechanisms of brain maturation. Using microslices from immature (10 day) and adult chicken forebrain prepared after decapitation, we have examined functional properties of NMDA and AMPA receptors by measuring agonist-induced uptake of "4"5Ca"2"+ . The rate and extent of NMDA induced "4"5Ca"2"+ accumulation decreased during maturation with no change in EC_5_0. The rate and extent of the AMPA induced response also decreased with a 60-fold increase in EC_5_0. However, the total NMDA receptor content did not change as indicated by 3 H-MK801 binding and NR1 immunoreactivity in P2 fractions. Similarly, there was no change in the B_m_a_x of "3H-AMPA, though there was a two-fold increase in K_D, and little or no change in the immunoreactivity in GluR1, 2, 2/3 or 4. These results suggest that it is the regulation of ...

2002-02-04

158

Platelet receptor recognition domain on the. gamma. chain of human fibrinogen and its synthetic peptide analogues

A short-term intensive quality-of-water study was conducted during a period of generally low streamflow in Bakers Creek and its tributary, Lindsey Creek, near Clinton, Mississippi. During the September 15-18, 1980 study, dissolved oxygen concentrations in Bakers Creek were less than 5 milligrams per liter. The specific conductance, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, nutrient concentrations, and bacteria densities in Bakers Creek decreased downstream through the study reach. The mean specific conductance decreased from 670 to 306 microhms per centimeter. The 5-day biochemical oxygen demand decreased from 19 to 2.8 milligrams per liter. The mean total nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations decreased from 10 and 7.1 to 1.0 and 0.87 milligram per litter, respectively. The maximum fecal bacteria decreased from 7200 to 400 colonies per 100 milliliter. The concentrations of mercury, iron, ...

1982-01-01

159

Effects of exogenous norepinephrine on the spatial distribution of cardiac MIBG accumulation. Comparison with myocardial blood flow

The authors have shown previously that the domain recognizing receptors on activated human platelets is located on the human fibrinogen {gamma} chain between residues 400 and 411. To study the correlation between the structure of this segment of the {gamma} chain and its reactivity toward receptors on ADP-activated human platelets, they designed a series of analogues containing replacements at 9 out of 12 positions. A double substitution of the normal His{sup 400}-His{sup 401} sequence by Ala-Ala reduced the inhibitory potency of the dodecapeptide 3-fold. When Lys{sup 406} was replaced by Arg, the inhibitory potency of the dodecapeptide decreased 15 times. On the other hand, substitution of Ala{sup 408} with Arg increased the inhibitory potency of the dodecapeptide 6-fold. A drastic decrease in the reactivity of the dodecapeptide toward platelet receptors was observed when Val{sup 411} was replaced by leucine or cysteine or tyrosine. A 3-fold ...

1989-04-04

160

The effects of surface decarburization on the failure behaviour of structural components under cyclic stress. Einfluss von Randentkohlungserscheinungen auf das Versagensverhalten schwingend beanspruchter Stahlbauteile

Male rats were injected intravenously for 15 min with physiological saline (as control) (0.05 #mu#g/kg/min) or norepinephrine (NE) (0.1 #mu#g/kg/min) followed by 740 kBq of MIBG. Rats were injected for more 30 min (early stage group) and for more 4 hr (late stage group) with physiological saline or NE. Five MBq of "9"9"mTc-tetrofosmin (TF) was administered instead of MIBG in another group. The heart was isolated and uptake of MIBG or TF of right ventricle, apex, and left ventricle (divided into 8 parts) was measured. In control group, MIBG uptake of apex was significantly lower than that of lateral wall in both early and late groups. In NE group, MIBG uptake showed a tendency to decrease in both early and late groups. Compared with control group, the uptake of anterior wall in late group decreased significantly at NE 0.1 #mu#/kg/min. The TF uptake in control group was not different in each part. In NE group, the TF uptake of right ventricle ...

1998-06-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

161

Synthesis, luminescence quantum yields, and lifetimes of trischelated ruthenium(II) mixed-ligand complexes including 3,3'-dimethy1-2,2'-bipyridyl

For quantitative acquisition of the influence of surface decarburizing phenomena on the failure of construction parts under cyclic stress different surface decarburization stages were generated in the steels 42CrMo4 and 100Cr6. After construction part-specific thermal treatment the generated states of residual stress were then determined and life span-oriented fatigue tests were conducted. The studies showed that already a small decarburization in martensitic material conditions of the steels 42CrMo4 and 100Cr6 led to a reduction of the alternating bending strength. The decrease of alternate strength can be associated with the micro-notch effects caused by the internal oxides formed by surface oxidation and/or the residual tension stress developed during the hardening in sub-surface sample areas. Decarburization degrees of more than 50% cause a noticeable decrease of surface stability, an increase of residual tension stresses close to the ...

1989-01-01

162

Study on the use of coal ash reclaimed land as upland-fields (Part 2)

New five complexes of the type of [RuL sub(3-x)(dmby) sub(x)]X sub(2)(x = 1,2,3, L = 2,2'-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline, dmby = 3,3'-dimethy1-2,2'-bipyridyl, X = halide ion) have been synthesized in order to investigate the effects of two methyl groups of dmby on the absorption and emission spectra, luminescence quantum yields, and lifetimes. Values of the radiative and nonradiative rate constants have been calculated from these data at 77K. Although the absorption and emission maxima and the lifetimes are not much affected by the dmby ligand substitution, the molar extinction coefficients and emission quantum yields are decreased compared with trischelated complexes of the parent bipyridyl or phenanthroline ligands. At 25"0C the emission yields of the complexes containing dmby decrease by 3 - 4 orders of magnitude than at 77K. Possible causes of the decrease in the quantum yields are discussed. (author).

1982-01-01

163

Study of the thermodynamic properties of (U,Ce)O{sub 2}

Soil dressing on coal ash reclaimed land is a covering to use the land for agriculture. This study was carried out to find out the necessary depth of soil covering the ash layer in order to have normal crop growth. Two kinds of crops, Japanese radish, and rakkyo were planted in cover soil on the fly ash packed in wooden boxe (90 cm x 90 cm x 90 cm). Depths of cover soil were 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm. The results were summarized as follows: growth and yield of Japanese radish and rakkyo were increased with increasing depth of cover soil; root development of Japanese radish was inhibited at the lower coal ash layer. Main root length and edible root length of Japanese radish were decreased with decreasing depth of cover soil; boron and molybdenum contents in the plants remarkably increased with decreasing depth of cover soil. This may be due to the absorption of these elements from fly ash layer; it is concluded that ...

1987-01-01

164

Photochemically and Pharmacological studies of Maytenus Frosskaoliana

The X-ray diffraction analysis of (U,Ce)O{sub 2} with the CeO{sub 2} contents ranging from 0 to 20 mol% CeO{sub 2} was performed at room temperature to obtain the variation in the lattice parameter with the CeO{sub 2} content. Ultrasonic pulse echo measurements were also carried out to estimate the change in the mechanical properties of (U,Ce)O{sub 2} with the CeO{sub 2} content. The lattice parameter of (U,Ce)O{sub 2} was found to decrease with increasing CeO{sub 2} content. The variation in the lattice parameter with the CeO{sub 2} content closely followed the Vegard law. The shear and longitudinal velocities in (U,Ce)O{sub 2} were found to decrease with increasing CeO{sub 2} content. The Young`s and shear moduli, and Poisson`s ratio estimated from the wave velocities decreased with the CeO{sub 2} content. No mechanical property showed anomaly in low CeO{sub 2} content region. (orig.).

1997-08-01

165

Perfusion impairments in children with reactive attachment disorder (RAD) on "9"9"mTc-ECD brain SPECT: comparison with MR findings

Column chromatography of the petroleum ether and chloroformic extracts of Maytenus Forsskaoliana afforded four compounds: friedilin1, B-amyrin 2, B-sitosterol 3 and betulin 4. The structure of these compounds were established on bases of spectral (IR,MS,H and C-NMR)as well as physical data. Antimicrobial activity for extracts indicated weak potency (200ug/ml) while betulin4 showed a pronounced activity (MIC and MBC 20ug/ml).The cytotoxic activity of beutalin4 significantly indicated promising activity (IC50 40ug/ml) on both HeLa and Hep-2 cells. The pharmacological activity of diferent extracts showed sedative effect, slowing respiration, dose -dependent decrease in the arterial blood pressure by 40.1mm Hg (at adose 200mg /kg),decrease in the heart rate 67.3% (at a dose 50mg /kg)and decrease in the body temperature by 4.2C after 2 hrs (at a dose 200mg /kg). (author)

166

Neutron irradiation of superconducting compounds

This study aimed to reveal that severe disturbance of attachment relationship with primary care-giver can affect functional and anatomical brain development by measuring cerebral perfusion on "9"9"mTc-ECD brain SPECT and correlative MRI. We included 18 children aged 31 to 76 months who met the diagnostic criteria of RAD as defined in DSM-IV and ICD-10 and SSP and CARS. "9"9"mTc-ECD SPECT was performed using CERASPECT. MRI was performed in all patients. SPECT data were visually assessed. 15 of 18 children had abnormal perfusion on SPECT, revealing decreased perfusion of Lt.thalamus (7/15) and Rt.thalamus (3/15), and bilateral thalami (5/15). Perfusion of basal ganglia was decreased in 8 children. Decreased perfusion of Lt. parietal area was seen in 2. Whereas, all patients had normal MR findings. Perfusion abnormalities involving thalamus, BG in most children with RAD were found in this study. These results suggest that ...

2002-11-15

167

Microwave radiation effects on the thermally driven oxidase of erythrocytes

The effects of neutron irradiation on the superconducting and normal state properties of alloys and compounds are presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the A-15 compounds where the effects of neutron irradiation on Tsub(c), Hsub(c_2), long range order parameter and lattice parameter are described. Large depressions (up to 80%) in Tsub(c) are observed for all the A-15 compounds studied with the exception of Mo_3Os where much smaller decreases in Tsub(c) are seen. Along with the decrease in Tsub(c) and increase in lattice parameter, the degree of long range order, as measured by X-ray and neutron diffraction, decreases. Also presented are the results of isothermal and isochronal anneals up to 900"0C. The unirradiated value of Tsub(c) can be restored by annealing, and for those systems where measurements have been made, recovery of the lattice parameter and order parameter also takes place. The effects observed in ...

168

Measurement of the static magnetization of solid "3He through the ordering temperature

Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were labelled with a concanavalin A-luminol-bovine serum albumin conjugate specific for the transmembrane anion transport protein (Band 3) and exposed to 2450-MHz continuous-wave microwave radiation at an average specific absorption rate of 91W/kg for 10 min. The temperature was held constant at 25, 37, 40, 42, or 45C with an airflow heat-exchange system. Following exposure to microwave or air heating, the decrease in residual base-activated chemiluminescence (CL) of the SRBCs was measured as an indication of infield oxidase activity. Air heating resulted in a significant decrease in residual CL at temperatures above 37C (74% decrease at 45C). Microwave radiation inhibited the decline in residual CL above 37C. At 45C the inhibition was 40%. The results suggest microwave radiation either reversibly altered the thermodynamics of oxygen binding to haemoglobin or failed to energize a significant ...

1986-01-01

169

Investigation of cardio-vascular reflex in atomic bomb survivors, (2)

The static magnetization of solid "3He contained in sintered copper was measured. The results of the density on the melting curve show that below 5 mK, the magnetization M rises above the Curie-Weiss law extrapolated from high temperature. It reaches a maximum of twice as much as the Curie Weiss law value at temperature Tm, which would be somewhat below 1.25 mK if the system could be warmed up at infinitesimally slow rate. Below Tm, M decreases rapidly to 0.4 of its maximum, then appears to become independent of temperature. The previously reported decrease of specific heat below the Curie-Weiss law value in the range below 4 mK is apparently related to the increase of M in that range. At the low temperature end, apparent decrease of M is due to the fact that there is background magnetization which is out of equilibrium with the thermometer when there is solid "3He in the sample cell. It is suspected that the background ...

1977-09-09

170

Influence of potassium fluoride on the syntheses of methylpiperazine-modified poly(vinyl chloride)s for use as fixed-site proton carrier membranes.

Electrographic R-R interval variation was examined in a total of 915 A-bomb survivors exposed at {<=}2,000 m from the hypocenter (the {<=} 2,000 m group) and a total of 1,162 A-bomb survivors exposed at >3,000 m or entered the city after the A-bombing (the >3,000 m group). Coefficient of variation (CV) for R-R interval variation on ECG tended to be decreased with advancing age in the >3,000 m group, irrespective of sex. Especially for men in this group, CV values were significantly lower for the age group of 45 to 54 years than the groups of 65 to 74 years and 75 to 84 years. Similar tendency was observed for CV values at deep breath. Decreased CV values tended to be associated with a decrease in glucose tolerance in both men and women of the >3,000 m group. In comparing the aforementioned CV values with those in the {<=}2,000 m group, there was no significant difference between the groups. R-R interval ...

1990-11-01

171

High performance fiber filtration and its fluid flow

Aminated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes were prepared that had a Nernstian response over a wide range of pH. The reaction between PVC and methyl-piperazine (MePIP) in dimethylformamide (DMF) was studied over a wide range of time and temperature, and in the presence of the catalyst, potassium fluoride (KF). Time, temperature, and KF increased the nitrogen (N) content of the resulting polymers, but sometimes at the expense of decreasing their specific viscosities (molecular weights). Activation energies of processes that occurred in different temperature ranges were estimated assuming an Arrhenius relationship. A Nernstian response occurred once the N content approached to about 0.3 w/w %, and was accelerated by the presence of KF at elevated temperatures. Increasing the N content above about 3% led to a loss of the Nernstian response either because of an increase in the double bond content and a subsequent decrease in polymer mobility, or ...

1998-03-15

172

Field evaluation of in situ remediation of a heavy metal contaminated soil using lime and red-mud

A new filtration process using acrylic fiber has been developed which has wide applications in water works, sewage water treatment and waste water treatment facilities. Instead of sand, the common filter media in conventional systems, this new system uses long, fine acrylic fibers. Compared with a conventional system, the filtration speed and suspended solids (SS) retention of the new system have been increased 500% from 120--200 m/d to 400--1,200 m/d and from 2--3 kg/m{sup 2} to 5--20 kg/m{sup 2}, respectively. In addition, the backwash time has been decreased 60%, from 20--30 min to 10 min. As SS retention increase, the empty space between the fibers (fiber void) decreases and pressure drops due to the high filtration rate. Thus the pressure decreases rapidly after a certain period of filtration because of the increased SS retention cause fiber compression. This system is primarily based on solution clarification, but ...

1994-12-31

173

Field evaluation of in situ remediation of a heavy metal contaminated soil using lime and red-mud

We evaluated the effectiveness of lime and red mud (by-product of aluminium manufacturing) to reduce metal availability to Festuca rubra and to allow re-vegetation on a highly contaminated brown-field site. Application of both lime and red mud (at 3 or 5%) increased soil pH and decreased metal availability. Festuca rubra failed to establish in the control plots, but grew to a near complete vegetative cover on the amended plots. The most effective treatment in decreasing grass metal concentrations in the first year was 5% red mud, but by year two all amendments were equally effective. In an additional pot experiment, P application in combination with red mud or lime decreased the Pb concentration, but not total uptake of Pb in Festuca rubra compared to red mud alone. The results show that both red mud and lime can be used to remediate a heavily contaminated acid soil to allow re-vegetation. - Red mud was effective in ...

2006-08-15

174

Fat phobia: measuring, understanding, and changing anti-fat attitudes.

We evaluated the effectiveness of lime and red mud (by-product of aluminium manufacturing) to reduce metal availability to Festuca rubra and to allow re-vegetation on a highly contaminated brown-field site. Application of both lime and red mud (at 3 or 5%) increased soil pH and decreased metal availability. Festuca rubra failed to establish in the control plots, but grew to a near complete vegetative cover on the amended plots. The most effective treatment in decreasing grass metal concentrations in the first year was 5% red mud, but by year two all amendments were equally effective. In an additional pot experiment, P application in combination with red mud or lime decreased the Pb concentration, but not total uptake of Pb in Festuca rubra compared to red mud alone. The results show that both red mud and lime can be used to remediate a heavily contaminated acid soil to allow re-vegetation. - Red mud was effective in ...

2006-08-01

175

Evolution of defect structures during cold rolling of ultrafine-grained Cu and Cu-Zn alloys: Influence of stacking fault energy

We examined fat phobia, defined as a pathological fear of fatness, by constructing the Fat Phobia Scale, determining its reliability and validity, examining correlates of fat phobia, and using a treatment approach designed to decrease fat phobia. Study 1 describes the development of the Fat Phobia Scale, a 50-item, modified 5-point semantic differential scale. Subjects (974 females and 117 males) completed the scale; factor analysis yielded six factors. Respondents who are average weight, female, younger, have more than a high school education, or are nonmedical professionals are more likely to have fat phobic attitudes. Study 2 examines fat phobic attitudes of women (N = 40) who had negative feelings about their bodies. Subjects completed the Fat Phobia Scale before and after a treatment approach designed to reduce their feelings of responsibility for fatness. Total scores on the Fat Phobia Scale and scores on all six factors decreased ...

1993-12-01

176

Evaluation of ROP Margin Effectiveness by REFORM Region

Samples of pure Cu, bronze (Cu-10 wt.% Zn) and brass (Cu-30 wt.% Zn) with stacking fault energies (SFE) of 78, 35, and 14 mJ/m{sup 2}, respectively, were processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) and by a combination of HPT followed by cold-rolling (CR). X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that a decrease in SFE leads both to a decrease in crystallite size and to increases in microstrain, dislocation and twin densities for the HPT and HPT + CR processed ultrafine-grained (UFG) samples. Compared with processing by HPT, subsequent processing by CR refines the crystallite size of all samples, increases the twin densities of UFG bronze and brass, and increases the dislocation density in UFG bronze. It also decreases the dislocation density in UFG brass and leads to an unchanged dislocation density in UFG copper. The results suggest there may be an optimum stacking fault energy for dislocation accumulation in UFG Cu-Zn alloys ...

2008-02-15

177

Elastic properties and structural studies on some zinc-borate glasses derived from ultrasonic, FT-IR and X-ray techniques

In CANDU reactors, the Regional Overpower Protection Trip (ROPT) system protects the reactor against overpowers in the reactor fuel, whether due to localized peaking within the core or a general increase in core power levels. Due to Primary Heat-Transport System (PHTS) aging the ROP trip setpoint is decreasing over time. Reductions in ROP trip setpoints are required to maintain the required trip-probability and ROP trip effectiveness, and results in a decrease of the ROP margin-to-trip during normal operation. In addition, full power operation can be threatened. In this point, to recover ROPT margin, channel power needs to be redistributed. ROPT setpoint is very conservative in normal operation because distortion of regional overpower is over 1.2 times as nominal power in slow loss of regulation (SLOR). Channel power ratio (CPR) is enough low except the limiting channel of which worst case of design basis flux shape. If the outer channel power ...

2007-07-01

178

Effects of atmospheric pressure on tracking failure of organic insulating materials; Yuki zetsuen zairyo no tai tracking sei ni oyobosu kiatsu no eikyo

Glasses in the system (1 - x) [29Na2O- 4Al2O3- 67B2O3]- xZnO (0 ? x ? 35 mol%), have been prepared by the melt quenching technique. Elastic properties, X-ray and FT-IR spectroscopic studies have been employed to study the role of ZnO on the structure of the investigated glass system. Elastic properties and Debye temperature have been investigated using sound wave velocity measurements at 4 MHz at room temperature. The results showed that the density increases and the molar volume decreases while both sound velocities and the determined glass transition temperatures decrease with increase in x. X-ray and infrared spectra of the glasses reveal that the borate network consists of diborate units and is affected by the increase in the concentration of ZnO content. These results are interpreted in terms of the decrease in the N4 values (fraction of tetrahedral coordinated boron atoms), and substitution of longer bond lengths of ...

2009-05-05

179

Effect of low-proof alcohol fumigation-fueling on crankcase oil dilution in a diesel-cycle engine. Final report

The effect of atmospheric pressure on tracking resistance of organic insulating materials were investigated in the range of 500 to 1007 hPa. The tracking resistance for Polycarbonate (PC), Modified Polyphenylene Oxide (M-PPO) and Paper Base Phenolic Resin Laminate (PL) increase with the decrease in atmospheric pressure. The scintillating discharges on these samples surface lead to the ignition. The tracking failure on these results from the ignition on the surface. For Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), the tracking resistance decrease with the decrease in atmospheric pressure. The discharges observed on the these surface are the glow-like. The discharge area spreads on the surface between the electrodes at the lower pressure. The failure on this group results from the carbonization by the discharges on the surface. However, the tracking resistance for Unsaturated Polyester Resins (UP) ...

1995-11-20

180

Determination of time-dependent void fraction distribution in bubbly two-phase flow by a real-time neutron radiography technique

An Allis-Chalmers, Model 2900, turbocharged diesel engine was converted to a dual-fuel engine in which ethyl alcohol was fumigated between the turbocharger and the intake manifold, and the diesel fuel was injected normally at a reduced rate. Tests were performed to determine if crankcase oil dilution that had occurred was caused by the following independent parameters: proof of the ethyl alcohol, crankcase oil temperature, engine load at maximum torque speed, and percentage of total energy in the form of ethyl alcohol. Engine tests were steady state for six hours, after which the crankcase oil was sampled for American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) laboratory tests for determination of flash points and fire points, water by centrifuge, water by distillation, and viscosity at room temperature. Results indicate a decrease in thermal efficiency and an increase in exhaust carbon monoxide as the percentage of total energy as alcohol is increased. Additional ...

1982-11-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

181

Determination of the surface properties calcite treated with stearic acid by Inverse Gas Chromatography

Radiographic images generated by the real-time neutron radiography system (RTNR) are analyzed by customized image processing software of the determination of instantaneous void fraction distribution. The cross-sectional averaged axial void fraction profiles and the two-dimensional void fraction profiles are determined simultaneously for each image. Various flow regimes are generated to determine if the RTNR system can accurately predict the void distribution in the radial, axial, and temporal coordinates. The results show the RTNR system correctly determines the void fraction distribution for each flow regime; however, accuracy decreases with decreasing void fraction. For net water thicknesses > 1.0 cm, the accuracy decreases with increasing water thickness due to the extreme sensitivity of thermal neutron interactions with light water. Heavy water is a more suitable fluid than light water for void fraction measurements ...

1995-01-01

182

Decontamination factor of air filter against /sup 198/Au aerosol particles

The values of -{delta}G{sub A}{sup O} of n-alkanes on calcite are lower on the stearic acid treated calcite than on the untreated calcite. The value of -{delta}G{sub A}{sup O} of n-alkanes on calcite increase with increasing carbon numbers of n-alkanes. The values of -{delta}G{sub A}{sup O} measured on the treated calcite are significantly lower than those measured on the untreated calcite. The -{delta}G{sub A}{sup O} of n-alkanes on the treated calcite are close to the heat of liquefaction of n-alkanes. All the experimental values of -{delta}G{sub A}{sup O} of n-alkanes on calcite are larger than theoretical entropy decrease particularly for the higher molecular mass n-alkanes. Thus the important entropy decrease observed upon adsorption can not only be attributed to the loss of one degree of freedom of the adsorbed molecules. The values of {gamma}{sub S}{sup D} of the treated and untreated calcite decrease with increasing ...

1999-10-31

183

Decontamination factor of air filter against "1"9"8Au aerosol particles

DF (decontamination factor) of two types of air filter was investigated against /sup 198/Au aerosol particles with AMAD (activity median aerodynamic diameter) = 1.2 ..mu..m and sigmag (geometric standard deviation) = 2.0. One of the filters, SO filter, is HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter media with 46 mmphi, and the other is HE-40T (cellulose-glass fiber filter for dust sampling) filter media with 40 mmphi. DF of the SO filter was found to be over 5 x 10/sup 4/ at air flow rate of 1 lmin. And DF of HE-40 T filter was determined to be 94+-4 at the same airflow rate. In the multistage HE-40 T filter system, DF decreased at each succeeding stage. It was confirmed by numerical simulation that the decrease of DF was not inconsistent with the decrease of collection performance in each successive filter. It was also confirmed that DF could be predicted by the numerical simulaiton, if particle penetration function of ...

1987-12-01

184

Chromium stabilization chemistry of paint removal wastes in Portland cement and blast furnace slag

DF (decontamination factor) of two types of air filter was investigated against "1"9"8Au aerosol particles with AMAD (activity median aerodynamic diameter) = 1.2 #mu#m and #sigma#g (geometric standard deviation) = 2.0. One of the filters, SO filter, is HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter media with 46 mm#phi#, and the other is HE-40T (cellulose-glass fiber filter for dust sampling) filter media with 40 mm#phi#. DF of the SO filter was found to be over 5 x 10"4 at air flow rate of 1 l/min. And DF of HE-40 T filter was determined to be 94#+-#4 at the same airflow rate. In the multistage HE-40 T filter system, DF decreased at each succeeding stage. It was confirmed by numerical simulation that the decrease of DF was not inconsistent with the decrease of collection performance in each successive filter. It was also confirmed that DF could be predicted by the numerical simulaiton, if particle penetration function of ...

185

Changes in myocardial beta1-adrenergic receptor and stimulatory G-protein gene expression after chronic treatment with doxorubicin in rat.

The use of cement based systems for solidification and stabilization of hazardous wastes has been proposed. The stabilization of Cr contaminated paint removal wastes in ordinary Portland cement and in a Portland cement and blast furnace slag matrix was investigated. A loading by volume of 75% waste and 25% cement (or cement + slag) was used. The expression of pore solution was utilized to determine the chemical environment encountered by the waste species in the cement matrix. The highly alkaline conditions of ordinary Portland cement determined the stability of the metal species, with Cr being highly soluble. The replacement of 25% of the Portland cement by blast furnace slag was found to decrease the [OH-] of the pore solution resulting in a decrease of the Cr concentration. For cement wastes forms hydrated for 28 days, the Cr concentration decreased in the expressed pore solution. During the TCLP tests the cement waste ...

1995-12-31

186

Changes in dielectric properties of Pb(In{sub 1/2}Nb{sub 1/2})O{sub 3}-PbTiO{sub 3} ceramics under compressive stress applied parallel and perpendicular to an electric field

The gene expression of beta(1)-adrenergic receptor (beta(1)AR) and stimulatory G-protein Gsalpha in ventricle after chronic treatment with doxorubicin (DOX) in rat was investigated. The rats were treated with DOX in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg once a week for 5 weeks, the cumulative dose being 12.5 mg/kg. Two weeks after the last injection, the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol was noticeably decreased in left atrial muscle preparations isolated from DOX-treated rats. Northern blot hybridization showed that the mRNA transcripts of beta(1)AR and Gsalpha, important signal transduction elements for regulating heart rate and contractility, were significantly decreased in the ventricle of DOX-treated rats. Thus, chronic treatment with DOX decreases the gene expression levels of myocardial beta(1)AR and Gsalpha. PMID:15353854

2004-08-01

187

Catalytic activity of hydrophobic Pt/C/PTFE catalysts of different PTFE content for hydrogen-water liquid exchange reaction

The influences of compressive stress on the dielectric properties of (1 - x)Pb(In{sub 1/2}Nb{sub 1/2})O{sub 3}-xPbTiO{sub 3} (x = 0.1-0.5) ceramics was investigated in this study. The dielectric properties were measured under compressive stress applied parallel and perpendicular to electric field. The results clearly showed that the superimposed compression stress had pronounced effects on the dielectric properties of PIN-PT ceramics. In general, with increasing compressive stress the dielectric constant of the ceramics increased and decreased when the stress was applied parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the electric field direction. The dielectric loss tangent, however, decreased in both stress cases. The observations were mainly interpreted in terms of competing influences of the domain switching through non-180 deg. domain walls, clamping of domain walls, de-ageing and the stress-induced decrease in the ...

2008-04-21

188

Can photo-ionization explain the decreasing fraction of X-ray obscured AGN with luminosity?

10%Pt/C catalysts were prepared by liquid reduction method. PTFE and Pt/ C catalysts were adhered to porous metal and hydrophobic Pt/C/PTFE catalysts were prepared. The structure and size of Pt crystal particles of Pt/C catalysts were analyzed by XRD, and their mean size was 3.1 nm. The dispersion state of Pt/C and PTFE was analyzed by SEM, and they had good dispersion mostly, but PTFE membrane could be observed on local parts of Pt/C/PTFE surface. Because of low hydrophobicity, Pt/C/ PTFE catalysts have low activity when the mass ratio of PTFE and Pt/C is 0.5: 1, and their catalytic activity increases markedly when the ratio is 1:1. When the ratio increases again, more Pt active sites would be covered by PTFE and interior diffusion effect would increase, which result in the decrease of catalytic activity of Pt/C/PTFE. By PTFE pretreatment of porous metal carrier, the activity of Pt/C/PTFE catalysts decreases when the mass ratio of PTFE and ...

2007-09-01

189

Augmentation of radiative heat transfer in an infinite cylindrical pipe enclosing a participating gas

Chandra and XMM surveys show that the fraction of obscured AGN decreases rapidly with increasing luminosity. Although this is usually explained by assuming that the covering factor of the central engine is much smaller at luminous QSOs, the exact origin of this effect remains unknown. We perform toy simulations to test whether photo-ionisation of the obscuring screen in the presence of a strong radiation field can reproduce this effect. In particular, we create X-ray spectral simulations using a warm absorber model assuming a range of input column densities and ionization parameters. We fit instead the simulated spectra with a simple cold absorption power-law model that is the standard practice in X-ray surveys. We find that the fraction of absorbed AGN should fall with luminosity as $L^{-0.16\\pm0.03}$ in rough agreement with the observations. Furthermore, this apparent decrease in the obscuring material is consistent with the dependence of ...

2008-01-01

190

An approximated secondary CPC, built of planar facets, adjustable for two solar central receivers

The purpose of this study is to identify the radiative heat transfer augmentation by a coaxial cylinder introduced in the infinite cylindrical pipe enclosing a participating gas. The gas is either a mixture of water vapor and carbon dioxide or gray. The gas is assumed to be homogeneous at a constant temperature, and has a refractive index of unity. All of the surfaces are opaque and gray, diffusely emitting and reflecting at a constant temperature. The effect of system diameter, diameter ratio, wall emittances, gas and surface temperatures, mixture component on heat transfer augmentation are studied by using the zone method with participating gas radiative properties evaluated from the weighted sum of gray gases model. From the radiative equilibrium condition, the installed wall temperature is formulated and calculated by the iteration method. If the medium is a gray gas, the augmentation observed are negligible. For the range of values studied for a real gas, if the system diameter is ...

1992-10-01

191

Acute low-level microwave exposure and central cholinergic activity: studies on irradiation parameters

Decreasing the aperture of a solar central receiver operating at high temperatures contributes significantly to the increase of the efficiency of energy absorption. However, decreasing the aperture also decreases the collection efficiency. A simple solution is using a 3D-CPC as secondary element for augmenting the energy collection, while the aperture can remain relatively small. Nevertheless, the receiver aperture as well as the secondary concentrator are usually rather large. For practical considerations an approximate solution may be chosen at times, designing the concentrator by a series of truncated cones. However, in particular cases, the solution of truncated cones remains expensive and unpractical and therefore the authors designed a CPC approximated by a series of trapezoidal planar facets. Under technical restrictions, there is an optimum for choosing the partition of the pure-CPC in truncated pyramids and the ...

1994-12-31

192

A process model of natural attenuation in drainage from a historic mining district

Sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake was measured in the striatum, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of rats after acute exposure (45 min) to pulsed (2 microseconds, 500 pps) or continuous-wave 2,450-MHz microwaves in cylindrical waveguides or miniature anechoic chambers. In all exposure conditions, the average whole-body specific absorption rate was at 0.6 W/kg. Decrease in choline uptake was observed in the frontal cortex after microwave exposure in all of the above irradiation conditions. Regardless of the exposure system used, hippocampal choline uptake was decreased after exposure to pulsed but not continuous-wave microwaves. Striatal choline uptake was decreased after exposure to either pulsed or continuous-wave microwaves in the miniature anechoic chamber. No significant change in hypothalamic choline uptake was observed under any of the exposure conditions studied. We conclude that depending on ...

1988-01-01

193

A Demonstration of Level-2 Risk Uncertainty Decreasing Efforts for a Phenomenological Accident Progression Prediction

A process model was used to better understand the controls on the chemical evolution of drainage in a historic mining district. At the Pecos Mine Operable Unit, New Mexico, drainage near the waste rock pile is acidic (pH varies from 3.0--5.0) and carries high concentrations of Zn, Al, Cu and Pb. As drainage flows toward the Pecos River, pH increases to greater than 7 and heavy metal content decreases. A process model of natural attenuation in this drainage shows the main controls on pH are reaction with a local bedrock that contains limestone, and concurrent mixing with tributary streams. Models that account for both calcite dissolution and mixing reproduce the observed decrease in aqueous metal concentrations with increasing pH. Contaminant concentrations attenuate primarily via two distinct pathways: Al, Cu, Fe and Pb precipitate directly from solution, whereas Zn, Mg, Mn and SO{sub 4} concentrations decrease primarily ...

2000-06-05

194

Measurement of energy expenditure in overweight men and women using [C-14]-bicarbonate-urea before and after weight loss

An uncertainty decrease is an very important issue for enhancing risk-informed (RI) activities worldwide. Especially, a relatively large uncertainty in a level-2 (L2) PSA risk compared with level-1 internal PSA risk has been a bottleneck problem in the RI application to the extent of a severe accident management. According to the ASME PRA standard in which sources of an uncertainty to capture a category-II RI (= Option 2) capability are listed, an uncertainty analysis which identifies the key sources of an uncertainty and includes sensitivity studies for dominant contributors to LERF (Large Early Release Frequency) needs to be provided. To solve these problems, USNRC have developed the 'SPAR-LERF' model related to the L2 RI application and 'L2 uncertainty assessment and improvement' work is being taken as a main PSA2 topic of the SARNET (Severe Accident Research Network of Excellence) program in Europe by OECD/NEA. Domestically, a mid/long-term R and D is being ...

2007-05-10

195

[Functional state of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal system in patients with chronic alcoholic intoxication].

Full text: Many studies have demonstrated significant declines in 24-hour energy expenditure (TEE) measured by whole body calorimetry with either the process of weight loss or the maintenance of reduced body weight. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of weight loss and two weeks of weight maintenance on TEE using ["1"4C]-bicarbonate-urea, Eleven subjects (6 males, 5 females), mean (#+-#SE) age 50 #+-# 3 years, BMI 34.1 #+-# 2.1 kg/m2 and body fat 38.7 #+-# 3% were studied before and after a decrease in body weight of > 8% over a period of 8 weeks, followed by two weeks of weight maintenance. Weight loss was induced using the combination of Modifast and one small meal a day (#approx#3.34 MJ/day). Body composition (DEXA), resting energy expenditure (REE) and the thermic effect of a 2.7 MJ test meal (TEF) were measured in addition to TEE at week 2 and again at week 12. Diet was assessed using diaries and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) ...

2002-05-04

196

Where the sun does not shine: Is sunshine protective against melanoma of the vulva?

The function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal system has been studied in 118 males with different stages of alcoholism. Comparison with the control group has shown decreased levels of interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone, and elevated concentrations of prolactin (Prl). Differences in the parameters of hormonal activity expressed in a varying degree of a decrease in FSH, ICSH, and testosterone, and a Prl elevation are related to change in mutual regulatory influences between the gonads and hypothalamo-pituitary complex. The most informative parameters were concentrations of Prl and testosterone (considering elevation in the former and reduction in the latter hormone) and the ratio of their concentrations. Difference of these parameters in each group (corresponding to the stages of alcoholism) may be used as an additional diagnostic criterion of chronic alcohol intoxication. ...

1987-01-01

197

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Intermittent sun exposure and sunburn are strong predictors of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). On the other hand, melanomas may arise also in non-sun-exposed areas such as the vulva. However, little is known about a possible relationship between sun exposure and vulvar melanoma. Temporal and latitudinal dependencies of the incidence rates of vulvar melanoma were studied in comparison with those of CMM among Caucasians in Sweden, East Germany, USA and Victoria (Australia). The ratios of vulvar melanoma incidence rates to those of CMM tend to decrease with increasing CMM rates. The incidence rates of CMM have increased with time until recently, while those of vulvar melanoma have either decreased or remain constant. In USA vulvar melanoma incidence rates seem to increase from south to no...

2010-01-01

198

VAWT stochastic wind simulator

Thermal degradation of wood during photodegradation

A stochastic wind simulation for VAWTs (VSTOC) has been developed which yields turbulent wind-velocity fluctuations for rotationally sampled points. This allows three-component wind-velocity fluctuations to be simulated at specified nodal points on the wind-turbine rotor. A first-order convection scheme is used which accounts for the decrease in streamwise velocity as the flow passes through the wind-turbine rotor. The VSTOC simulation is independent of the particular analytical technique used to predict the aerodynamic and performance characteristics of the turbine. The VSTOC subroutine may be used simply as a subroutine in a particular VAWT prediction code or it may be used as a subroutine in an independent processor. The independent processor is used to interact with a version of the VAWT prediction code which is segmented into deterministic and stochastic modules. Using VSTOC in this fashion is very efficient with regard to decreasing ...

1987-04-01

199

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, wood samples were exposed to light irradiations (direct sunlight, xenon lamp, mercury vapour lamp) and thermal treatments were carried out in dry- and in humid conditions at 90degreeC. One part of the samples was covered by an aluminium plate during light irradiation. The samples under the aluminium plate also suffered considerable chemical changes, monitored by infrared technique and colour measurement. The sunlight produced greater colour change under the aluminium plate than the artificial light sources. During light irradiation, the carbonyl band having two maximum at 1700 and 1746cm-1 increased and the peak of the aromatic skeletal vibration arising from lignin (1510cm-1) decreased together with the guaiacyl vibrations at 1275cm-1. There was absorption decrease at 1174c...

2011-01-01

200

The role of water and oxygen impurities on ozone production in a negative corona discharge of CO_2

The influence of electron-beam irradiation on some mechanical properties of commercial multilayer flexible packaging materials

The production of ozone in a negative corona discharge fed by carbon dioxide with embedded traces of oxygen and water has been studied. The presence of traces of oxygen in both pure and dry CO_2 leads to an increase in nascent ozone concentrations. In contrast, traces of water vapour (0-800 ppm) are shown to rapidly suppress ozone concentrations with the largest decreases being observed at lowest gas pressures in the discharge (300 Torr). The presence of water vapour did not considerably affect the electrical properties of negative dc corona suggesting that a chemical process is responsible for the ozone loss. We have shown that the addition of water up to a concentration of 1500 ppm has only a marginal effect on the processes of ozone formation but the catalytic cycle of ozone destruction involving OH radicals can be the reason for observed decrease in the total ozone concentration with increasing water concentration.

2007-11-07

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201

The efficacy of Aloe vera, tea tree oil and saliva as first aid treatment for partial thickness burn injuries.

The influence of electron-beam irradiation on mechanical properties of commercial multilayer flexible packaging materials based on coextruded and laminated polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), irradiated with doses up to 120 kGy, was studied. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the irradiated PET/PP film increase, while the penetration and sealing resistance decreased. In addition, the irradiated PET/LDPE/EVOH/LDPE film presented increase in the tensile strength on some radiation doses and decrease of the penetration and sealing resistance, except for sealing resistance at radiation dose of 15 kGy that resulted in a slight increase of ca 4%.

2008-09-21

202

The EKC for SO2: Does firm size matter?

Many alternative therapies are used as first aid treatment for burns, despite limited evidence supporting their use. In this study, Aloe vera, saliva and a tea tree oil impregnated dressing (Burnaid) were applied as first aid to a porcine deep dermal contact burn, compared to a control of nothing. After burn creation, the treatments were applied for 20 min and the wounds observed at weekly dressing changes for 6 weeks. Results showed that the alternative treatments did significantly decrease subdermal temperature within the skin during the treatment period. However, they did not decrease the microflora or improve re-epithelialisation, scar strength, scar depth or cosmetic appearance of the scar and cannot be recommended for the first aid treatment of partial thickness burns. PMID:18603378

2008-07-07

203

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis (EKC) predicts an inverse U-shaped relationship between environmental pollution and per capita income. The literature with respect to the EKC is vast but far from conclusive. This paper adds firm size to the standard EKC reduced form regression and analyses whether firm size matters once income and composition are controlled for. Results suggest that large firm countries are initially associated with higher levels of environmental damage. However, as economies develop, large firm countries find it easier to adopt more stringent environmental legislation. Once environmental damage starts to decrease, the decrease is much larger in large firm countries.

2006-01-01

204

Sulfation of chitosan oligomers enhances their anti-adipogenic effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Inhibition of adipogenesis and lipid accumulation has a very crucial role to prevent obesity. Low molecular weight (LMW) chitosan is known to inhibit fat accumulation and adipogenesis. (N,O)-sulfated chitosan is a sulfation derivative of chitosan oligomers, and its anti-obesity effect is not yet reported. In this study, it has been reported that (N,O)-sulfated chitosan significantly decreased lipid accumulation, an indicator for adipogenesis, in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. Furthermore, mRNA expressions and protein levels of key adipogenic markers such as peroxisome prolifetor-activated receptor (PPAR)-@c and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-@a were considerably decreased by (N,O)-sulfated chitosan treatment. As a consequence, sulfation of LMWC remarkably increased its ...

2011-01-01

205

Studies on scintigraphic findings after femoral head replacement

Strength and toughness tradeoffs for an ultrafine-grain size ferrite/cementite steel produced by warm-rolling and annealing

Femoral head replacement was performed for femoral neck fracture or femoral head necrosis on 36 hips of 34 patients on whom Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy was done for analysis of radioisotope uptake around the prosthesis. In the cases with satisfactory clinical course after replacement surgery the uptake was high in the area between the prosthesis and the trochanter, in the area of the stem tip of the prosthesis and in the acetabular area. The high uptake decreased gradually and reached a normal level by 8 months after surgery. The cases with no decrease of high uptake by 8 months after surgery were considered to have had an eventful postoperative course associated with some complication such as infection, fracture, loosening etc. Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy was useful for early detection of complications and to evaluate progress of the operated patients. (author)

2001-03-01

206

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

For an ultrafine grain ferrite/cementite (UGF/C) steel, the Charpy impact energy was measured at temperatures from 373K to 4.2K, and tensile tests were carried out at temperatures between 323K and 77K. For the steel with annealed microstructure, the ductile-to-brittle transition appearance temperature (DBTT) was lower than the Charpy transition temperature (CTT). With increasing annealing time at 873K, the DBTT and the CTT increased, and the DBTT approached the CTT. The DBTT decreased with decreasing effective grain size. The effective grain size correlated to the grain size of the larger grain size peak in the distribution of grains with {100} planes. The annealed microstructures had higher yield strength for equivalent toughness (including upper shelf energy, DBTT and CTT) compared to th...

2011-01-01

207

Spin-polarized Auger-electron diffraction study of the magnetic poisoning of Fe(001) by sulfur

Sleep Symptoms as a Partial Mediator Between Combat Stressors and Other Mental Health Symptoms in Iraq War Veterans

Spin-polarized angle-resolved sulfur L_2_,_3VV Auger-electron spectra have been recorded for the c(2x2)S/Fe(001) system. The data show the modulation of the sulfur Auger spin polarization as a function of emission angle, which represents an observation of spin-polarized Auger-electron diffraction (SPAED), a potentially powerful tool for the study of local magnetic structure at surfaces, interfaces, and thin films. Theoretical modeling of the SPAED data indicates a large decrease in the magnetization of the top iron layer, suggesting a magnetic poisoning induced by the sulfur overlayer. These findings are independently supported by the observation of a large decrease of secondary electron spin polarization upon sulfur adsorption.

208

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Sleep symptoms are a prominent feature of mental health disorders like PTSD and depression. However, it is unknown whether sleep symptoms mediate the relationship between combat stress and these disorders. We examined the mediating role of sleep symptoms on the relationship between combat stress and PTSD; and the relationship between combat stress and depression using data from 576 Army veterans of the Iraq War surveyed in 2004. Correlational analyses revealed that when insomnia was included in the model, the correlation between combat stressors and other depression symptoms decreased by 65%; and when nightmares were included in the model, the correlation between combat stressors and other PTSD symptoms decreased by 69%. We replicated these analyses using individual items assessing PTSD an...

2010-01-01

209

SSRM characterisation of FIB induced damage in silicon

In this paper, we discuss the large--time behavior of solution of a simple kinetic model of Boltzmann--Maxwell type, such that the temperature is time decreasing and/or time increasing. We show that, under the combined effects of the nonlinearity and of the time--monotonicity of the temperature, the kinetic model has non trivial quasi-stationary states with power law tails. In order to do this we consider a suitable asymptotic limit of the model yielding a Fokker-Planck equation for the distribution. The same idea is applied to investigate the large-time behavior of an elementary kinetic model of economy involving both exchanges between agents and increasing and/or decreasing of the mean wealth. In this last case, the large-time behavior of the solution shows a Pareto power law tail. Numerical results confirm the previous analysis.

2010-01-01

210

SCC mitigation method for BWR materials by TiO2 technique

Scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) has been applied to study focused ion beam (FIB) induced damage in silicon in dependence on ion irradiation doses from 10"1"2 cm"-"2 to 2#centre dot#10"1"6 cm"-"2. Starting from the lowest dose, SSRM detects increasing spreading resistance (SR) with increasing dose. For doses from 2#centre dot#10"1"3 cm"-"2 to 4#centre dot#10"1"4 cm"-"2, a slight decrease of SR is measured whereas for higher doses SR again slightly increases. The results are explained by physical effects like decreased carrier mobility due to increased scattering, amorphisation of silicon and precipitation of implanted Ga ions. The results clearly prove that SSRM is well suited for the fast detection of ion beam induced damage with high lateral resolution.

2008-03-01

211

Research and development on next generation reactor (phase I)

TiO2 addition into boiling water reactor (BWR) primary system is being developed as a method to mitigate stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of the BWR structural materials. This technique aims for electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) decrease of reactor materials by photo-excitation reaction under Cherenkov irradiation. ECP measurement tests have been conducted in the test loop in BWR to investigate the feasibility of the SCC mitigation method with TiO2. The test results showed that the ECP of TiO2 deposited materials was decreased to 2 technique was confirmed to be feasible as a SCC mitigation method for BWR structural materials without hydrogen injection. (author)

2008-10-13

212

Preparation of AgCl Nanoparticles@Ancient Textile with Antibacterial Activity under Ultrasound Irradiation

The objective of the study is to improve the volume of nuclear power plant which adopts passive safety system concept. The passive safety system reactor is characterized by excellent safety and reliability. But the volume of NSSS (Nuclear Steam Supply System) of the passive safety system reactor is so small that it should be upgraded for commercial operation. For volume upgrade, detailed analyses are performed as follows; core design, hydraulics, design and mechnical structures, and safety analysis. In addition to above analysis, some investigations must be supplied as follows: power density vs. DNB margin decrease, outlet temperature vs. EPRI-URD, additional tests for upgraded reactor, dynamic analysis of mechanical vibration according to expanded reactor vessel and expanded in-core structures, and Merit loss of passive safety system reactor according to design margin decrease. (Author).

1994-10-01

213

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The growth of silver chloride nanoparticles on ancient textile was achieved by sequential dipping steps in alternating bath of potassium chloride and silver nitrate under ultrasound irradiation. The effect of ultrasound irradiation and sequential dipping steps in growth of the AgCl nanoparticles has been studied. These systems depicted a decrease in the particles size accompanying a decrease in the sequential dipping steps. The samples were characterized with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. XRD analyses indicated that the prepared AgCl nanoparticles on fiber were crystalline. The textile samples containing AgCl nanoparticles were tested for their antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and were found to possess significant antibacterial activity.

2011-01-01

214

Partial wave expansion of ion-atom elastic scattering in solids

One-step synthesis of Pt-supported carbon nanohorns for fuel cell electrode by arc plasma in liquid nitrogen

Elastic scattering cross sections of keV protons in solids (Z=3-82) are calculated using the partial wave expansion technique and the ''muffin-tin'' bound-atom potential. The differential cross sections for small scattering angles of less than 10deg are smaller than those with the Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark potential at all energies and for all solids, although, for larger angles, the two cross sections agree with each other. The mean free paths of the protons in the solids, obtained from the total cross sections, decrease very slowly with decreasing energy. Furthermore, at low energies they approach half the nearest-neighbor distance, which is taken as the radius of the augmented plane wave sphere in the muffin-tin model of crystalline solids. (orig.).

215

On the premixed combustion in a direct-injection diesel engine

One-step synthesis of Pt-loaded carbon nanoparticles including single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) by arc plasma in liquid nitrogen was demonstrated using Pt-contained graphite anode. The size distribution of Pt particles can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of Pt in the graphite anode. In the observation by transmission electron microscope, the diameter of less than 5 nm of Pt particles were observed as approximately 90% among the Pt particles when Pt was contained in the anode at 1.3 at.%. When Pt concentration in the anode was decreased to 0.4 at.%, the percentage of Pt particles whose diameter is less than 5 nm decreased to approximately 60%. It was verified that the as-grown Pt-loaded products produced by this method can be useful for the power generation by polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

2006-10-10

216

Observation of Fluorescence for some lanthanides in LiCl-KCl molten salt media at high temperature

The factors influencing premixed burning and the importance of premixed burning on the exhaust emissions from a small high-speed direct-injection diesel engine were investigated. The characteristics of premixed and diffusion burning were examined using a single-zone heat-release analysis. The mass of fuel burned in premixed combustion was found to be linearly related to the product of engine speed and ignition-delay time and to be essentially independent of the total amount of fuel injected. Accordingly, the premixed-burned fraction increased with increasing engine speed, with decreasing fuel-air ratio and with retarding injection timing. The hydrocarbon emissions did not correlate well with the premixed-burned fraction. In contrast, the oxides of nitrogen emissions were found to increase with decreasing premixed-burned fraction, indicating that diffusion burning, and not premixed burning, is the primary source of oxides of nitrogen emissions.

1987-04-01

217

Modelling of two-phase natural circulation in a WWER-plant: PMK experimental results

To our knowledge, the fluorescence studies of lanthanides in LiCl-KCl eutectic molten salt at a high temperature are not reported yet. The fluorescence of the lanthanide-ions was generally decreased when the temperature was increased. Moreover, the fluorescence of the lanthanides was strong when the sample was solidified to or from the melt. The temperature, where the fluorescence was decreased, was identified to be different depending on the species of the lanthanides and the substrates was considered to possibly be from quenching of the fluorescence due to either the collisions of melted samples induced by high temperature media or the re-absorption of fluorescence by the samples. Several comparison experiments were performed to explain and understand this phenomenon and improve the fluorescence. In this way, an on-line monitoring of chemical species and the concentration for lanthanides elements in molten salt media of pyrochemical process ...

2008-08-15

218

Model for risk and reliability analysis of complex production systems: Application to FPSO/flow-Riser system

Experiments have been performed with the PMK integral-type facility, a model of WWER-440 type PWRs, to investigate two-phase natural circulation behaviour. The phenomena to be expected in this reactor type are different from those in PWRs with vertical steam generators mainly due to the loop seal in the hot leg and the horizontal layout of the steam generator heat transfer tubes. The experiments showed that the system is repressurized when the water level drops to the hot leg elevation due to the effect of the loop seal. Opening of the loop seal can be smooth, but may lead to oscillations depending on the power and the mass inventory. Natural circulation recovers after the hot leg loop seal is opened, but then decreases with further mass inventory decrease. (orig.).

219

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A model for risk and reliability analysis of complex multifunctional production process systems is presented. The model employs Monte-Carlo and Markov Chain algorithms that uses a weighted index to train and simulate the fuzzy hazard data sets which represents failure outcomes of risk component transient and non-transient systems. Early simulation results shows that hazard rates and the risk of containment loss from typical floating production and storage offloading (FPSO)-Riser system for the risk components in parallel or series increases exponentially with time and decreases as safety ratings fraction increases. The reliability value decreases with time and safety fraction (SFAC) for all fuzzy hazard classifications. The results of the computed mean time before repair (MTBR) show that t...

2009-01-01

220

Mechanical properties of single- and double-gated injection moulded short glass fibre reinforced PBT/PC composites

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Tensile and flexural properties of single-gated (SG) and double-gated (DG) injection moulded blend of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polycarbonate (PC) and its composites containing 15, 20 and 30?wt.% short glass fibres were investigated. In the DG mouldings, a weldline was formed by direct impingement of two opposing melt fronts (i.e. cold weld). It was found that tensile modulus was not affected by the weldline but flexural modulus decreased in the presence of weldline. For both specimen types, modulus increased linearly with volume fraction of fibres (? f), according to the rule-of-mixtures for moduli. The weldline integrity (WIF) factor for flexural modulus decreased linearly with increasing ? f. Results showed that tensile and flexural strengths for SG mouldings increase with in...

2008-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

221

Mass density of glassy Pd{sub 80}Si{sub 20}during low temperature light ion irradiation.

Lipid composition of liver microsomes and mitochondria after acute and chronic {gamma}-irradiation of rats

Changes in mass density of amorphous Pd{sub 80}Si{sub 20} were monitored in situ during irradiation with He{sup 2+} and H{sup +} ions at temperatures below 100 K and during subsequent thermal treatment. The mass density decreased with increasing ion fluence and exponentially approached a saturation value of -1.2%, corresponding to a recombination volume of 190 atomic volumes. The initial swelling rate was 2.3 atomic volumes/displaced atom. The mass density of the irradiated material increased during subsequent thermal treatment, and the irradiation-induced decrease of the mass density recovered completely at room temperature.

2001-10-01

222

Jump in the air gasification rate of potassium-doped cellulosic chars

Acute {gamma}-irradiation of rats at doses of 100 and 270 Gy stimulates lipid synthesis and changes the lipid composition of liver cell organelles. The content of cholesterol and cholesterol esters in microsomes increased at 100 Gy and decreased at 270 Gy, with total phospholipid content remaining unchanged. The lipid content in mitochondria decreased considerably 1 h after irradiation at 270 Gy. This change was significantly less pronounced 47 h later. Under chronic {gamma}-irradiation (0.129 Gy/day), cholesterol and cardiolipin in mitochondria increased. The changes in lipid content caused by acute irradiation are presumed to be related to activated synthesis of lipids in the liver. The modification of the lipid content of mitochondria observed in chronically irradiated rats may indicate that energy-metabolizing liver cell systems are involved in the adaptation to irradiation.

1994-07-01

223

Itinerant magnetism of Gd_xLa_1_-_xMSi (M=Fe, Co) compounds

Chars prepared from potassium-exchanged carboxy methyl cellulose at several heat treatment temperatures (HTTs) were gasified in air isothermally at selected gasification temperatures (GTs) in the range 633-893 K to investigate the catalytic effectiveness of potassium species. The chars displayed a noticeable jump in gasification rate at a particular gasification temperature (called jump temperature, T{sub j}). The magnitude of jump was much less than that reported for copper and nickel catalysis, but comparable with that for calcium catalysis. Increase in HTT caused a decrease in the jump temperature of chars in contrast with the increase observed in copper, nickel and calcium catalysis; also the magnitude of jump did not decrease, but remained unaltered, on increasing HTT. The different behavior of potassium catalysis is correlated to a change in the chemical state of potassium at higher HTT. The results reveal the dependence of jump ...

2010-12-15

224

Investigation into #beta##reversible##omega#-transformation in pseudo -#beta# -titanium VT30 alloy, doped with hydrogen

The magnetic properties of polycrystalline and single crystalline rare earth transition metal silicides Gd_xLa_1_-_xMSi (M =Fe, Co) were investigated. Magnetic measurements have been made in static magnetic fields up to 13 kOe and in pulsed magnetic fields up to 250 kOe in the temperature range from 4.2 to 350 K. The magnetic susceptibility in the paramagnetic state of all the investigated compounds obeys the Curie-Weiss law except for LaFeSi and LaCoSi. Increase of the La content in Gd_xLa_1_-_xFeSi compounds leads to a decrease of the Curie and Neel temperatures, which can be explained by a decrease of positive exchange interactions. (orig.).

1995-09-01

225

Influence of the X-ray radiation on the lifetime of carriers in the p-n junctions of Si and Ge

To study #beta# #reversible# #omega#-transformation in pseudo-#beta#-titanium alloy VT30, doped by hydrogen, methods of X-ray diffraction and thermodifferential analyses are used. It is established that in the process of heating of the hardened alloy from 0.004-0.1% H first formation and then dissolution of #omega# phase take place. An increase in hydrogen content to 0.1% decreases thermal effect of the processes and does not affect the temperature of #beta# #reversible# #omega#-transformation. Introduction of hydrogen in the concentration of 0.2% and higher suppresses completely #beta# #reversible# #omega# - transformation. A decrease in heating rate displaces #beta# #reversible# #omega#-transformation to lower temperatures.

226

High temperature deformation of the Al-5Cr-2Zr alloy as a function of powder particle diameter

Lifetime of minority charae carriers in the Si and Ge p-n unctions has been measured by pulse method of conductivity modulation of base. Its dependence on the X-ray radiation dose has been investigated. Dependence of current transmission coefficients on the dose has been measured and their sharp decrease at low doses and the following saturation at high doses have been observed. Linear dependence of lifetime on X-ray radiation dose has been obtained. Resulting from the comparison of regularities of the change of lifetime due to current characteristics, it has been shown that X-ray radiation leads to the formation of the surface defects, influencing the change of current characteristics as well as to stationary structural defects, causing the decrease of lifetime of the charge carriers with the increase of X-ray radiation dose.

227

Fracture behavior under dynamic biaxial stress on magnesium alloy

The powder particle size, D, influences the creep behaviour of Al-Cr-Zr alloys. The alloy studied in this work, Al-5Cr-2Zr (mass%), was prepared by argon atomization. Three size fractions of powder particles were selected: 24-50 #mu#m, 50-100#mu#m and 100-200 #mu#m in diameter. They were consolidated by extrusion. Independently of D, the flow behaviour of the alloy can be described by the power law equation. As test temperature increases, the stress exponent n decreases up to a value close to 5. A decrease of D causes an increase of n and delays the alloy degradation at high temperature. (Author) 11 refs.

1998-01-01

228

Exxon Valdez oil spill. State/federal natural resource damage assessment final report. Sockeye salmon overescapement. Fish/shellfish study number 27

We conduct the static and dynamic loading fracture experiments on magnesium alloy (AZ31B) under the equitable and inequitable biaxial stress. We process specimens as cross type with cracks. There are different kinds of cracks defined by their crack angles. By using a hydraulic high-speed biaxial experiment machine, we put the equitable and inequitable stresses on the specimen. We analyze results using the caustic method. The experiments reveal a few important results. There is negative correlation between the fracture toughness value and the plate thickness in the magnesium alloy sheet specimen. The fracture toughness value decrease in the case the crack has the angle different from the loading direction. The fracture toughness value decreases significantly under the inequitable biaxial stress. (orig.)

2004-07-01

229

Experimental bovine trypanosomiasis. Changes in serum immunoglobulins, complement and complement components in infected animals.

The authors examined the effects of large escapements of sockeye salmon in to the Kenai River and into Red and Akalura Lakes on Kodiak Island. Estimated smolt numbers outmigrating from the Kenai River decreased from 30 million in 1989 to under 500,000 in 1992. Decreased overwintering survival of age-0 juvenile sockeye salmon rearing in Skilak and Kenai lakes is the major contributor to this decline. Preliminary examination of limnological data from Skilak and Kenai Lakes provided no obvious explanation for this major decline in winter survival of juvenile sockeye. Due to differences in diel vertical migration of zooplankton among glacial lakes on the Kenai Peninsula with varying planktivores levels, the authors hypothesize that behavioral changes of zooplankton induced by predation may be a major contributor to the juvenile sockeye decline.

1993-07-01

230

Electrochemical characterization and CFD simulation of flow-assisted corrosion of aluminum alloy in ethylene glycol-water solution

In three calves experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense the amounts of IgG1 and IgG2 were little changed and similar to those of normal animals. IgM increased in amount early in the infection and the amount of the increase appeared related to the parasite burden. The amounts of IgA and IgE were both much decreased and this also appeared related to the numbers of parasites in the blood. There was a decrease in the amounts of total haemolytic complement and complement components C1, C1q and C3 in the infected calves. Furthermore the amounts of properdin fluctuated with the cyclical changes in numbers of T. congolense parasites in the individual calves. No significant change in the amount of C8 was observed. It is considered that activation of both the alternative and the classical complement pathways occurs in trypanosome infected animals but that neither pathway goes to its terminal stages.

1978-11-01

231

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An impingement jet system was used to study flow-assisted corrosion (FAC) of 3003 aluminum (Al) alloy in ethylene glycol-water solutions that simulates the automotive coolant by corrosion potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements as well as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The effects of solution pH and fluid impact angle on Al FAC were determined. An increase of solution pH enhances the activity of Al due to dissolution of Al oxide film in alkaline environment. Moreover, Al activity decreases with the increasing fluid impact angle to the specimen. A CFD simulation shows that, with the increase of impact angle, the electrode area under high-velocity flow field decreases and that under low-velocity flow field increases. Consequently, the shear str...

2008-01-01

232

Electrical properties and x-ray diffraction of wood and wood plastic composite (WPC)

Effects of injection nozzle specifications on unburned HC during idling in a direct-injection diesel engine; Chokusetsu funshashiki diesel kikan no funsha nozzle shogen to idle untenji no HC

Wood plastic composite (WPC) of kadom, simul, mango and debdaro were prepared with two monomers methylmethacrylate (MMA) and butylmethacrylate (BMA) using high energy ionizing radiation. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies reveal that significant grafting occurred with wood fiber. Electric properties like resistivity and dielectric constant of both wood and WPC were measured under different moisture contents and relative humidities. The resistivities of wood decreased dramatically with increase of moisture content, but those of WPC decreased very slowly with moisture content. The dielectric constant of wood increased significantly with moisture content but no significant difference was observed in the case of WPC within the range of moisture contents studied. The dielectric constants of untreated wood also increased with their densities. (author).

1991-01-01

233

Effects of indirect ionization on the charge state distributions observed with highly charged ion sources

The unburned HC in a direct-injection diesel engine is a cause of exhaust odor and SOF emission. Reduction of HC by changing the injection nozzle specifications was attempted in previous studies. In this study, some experiments in which the mixture formation was varied by using different hole diameters in a multihole nozzle and spray angles to the combustion chamber wall have been conducted. When the diameter of injection holes, which influences the fuel adhering to on the cylinder head walls and the combustion chamber wall, becomes smaller, the HC emission in the idling condition, HC deviation from cylinder to cylinder and HC increase with long idling time are decreased. The same effects were obtained by decreasing the diameter of all holes and by injecting the spray downward to the combustion chamber. 13 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.

1996-02-25

234

Effects of electric current pulse on stability of solid/liquid interface of Al-4.5wt.% Cu alloy during directional solidification

Presently, most charge state distributions produced with highly charged ion sources are predicted with models that approximate the ionization process with the Lotz formula. The Lotz ionization cross sections decrease approximately geometrically with increasing charge state except for ions with very few vacancies, for ions with very few electrons, and for electron impact energies which barely exceed the ionization energy. The geometrical decrease causes these models to predict a maximum abundance for most of the charge states, which is only weakly dependent on the charge state. Experimental results, however, yield much higher abundances for ions with an empty M shell than ions with a partly filled M shell. This difference is explained with indirect ionization processes that are neglected by the Lotz approximation, and normally can be neglected for the ionization of the L shell, but can dominate the ionization of the M shell. (c) 2000 American ...

2000-02-01

235

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper investigates the effects of the electric current pulse (ECP) on the interface stability of Al-4.5% Cu alloy during the directional solidification. Experimental results show both the cellular spacing and the mushy zone depth decrease with increasing current density, moreover, the solid-liquid interface morphology transforms from dendritic to cellular or even planar interface. The secondary dendrites are suppressed due to the homogeneous distribution of the solute and the increase of temperature gradient originated from ECP. The decrease of the cellular spacing results from branching of the cellular tip caused by Joule heat of the current exerting on cellular tip.

2007-01-01

236

Effect of thermal-treatment of wood fibres on properties of flat-pressed wood plastic composites

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study aimed to enhance the dimensional stability of flat-pressed wood plastic composites (WPCs) containing fast growing wood fibres by a thermal-treatment method. The wood fibres were treated at three different temperatures (120, 150, or 180 degreeC) for 20 or 40 min in a laboratory autoclave. The WPC panels were made from dry-blended Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood fibres and polypropylene (PP) powder (50:50 by weight) using a conventional flat-press process under laboratory conditions. Thickness swelling and water absorption of the WPC panels significantly decreased with increasing the treatment temperature and time. The thermal-treatment of eucalyptus wood fibres slightly decreased the screw withdrawal resistance of the WPC panels as compared to the reference panels while the flexura...

2011-01-01

237

Effect of pressure on iodine complexes, 1

Effect of hydroxyapatite content on the microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of Ti-based glassy alloy/hydroxyapatite composite prepared by spark plasma sintering

Absorption spectra of the visible I_2 band of I_2 complexes with Et_2O, Et_2S, and Et_2Se in heptane have been measured up to 3300 bar at 25"0C. The equilibrium constants and volume changes accompanying complex formation, the molar extinction coefficients and the absorption maxima have been estimated. The volume changes were found comparable with those estimated from the X-ray data of the I_2 complexes in the crystalline state. The enhancement of the molar extinction coefficient and the blue shift of the visible I_2 band with increasing pressure have been established. The results suggest a decrease in the bond distance between an n-donor and I_2, compared with the spectroscopic properties of the I_2 complex at 1 bar. The decrease has been estimated as 0.008 nm with increasing pressure up to 3300 bar. (author).

1979-01-01

238

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In the present paper, the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) content on the microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of Ti-based glassy alloy/HA composite prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) are investigated. The microstructure of the composites is homogeneous when the HA is lower than 2 wt%. When the HA content is higher than 3 wt%, the crystalline precipitates with size of less than 5 nm are distributed in the glassy matrix. HA decomposes during sintering procedure for the composite with high HA content. With increasing HA addition, compressive strength decreases. Especially for the HA content is over 2 wt%, the strength decreases sharply because of partial crystallization of glassy alloy matrix.

2011-01-01

239

Effect of decrease of molybdenum radiation hardening at high energy proton irradiation

Effect of complexing agents (DTPA and oxalic acid) on the extraction behavior of technetium in the TBP-N2H5NO3-HNO3 system

By method of transmission electron microscopy and measuring of microhardness the peculiarities of influence of radiation defect clusters on molybdenum radiation hardening along range path of protons with 30 MeV initial energy are studied. Decrease effect of hardening growth value and even its absence depending on irradiation dose in the range of 10-20 MeV proton energies in presence of high density of radiation defect dispersed clusters is revealed. It is shown experimentally that this effect is connected with accumulation of hydrogen up to not very high concentrations (not more than 5x10"-"4 at.%) at the expense of elastic and inelastic proton scattering. 5 refs.; 5 figs.

1990-05-22

240

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of complexing agents DTPA and H2C2O4 on the extraction-chemical behavior of Tc, as applied to extractive splitting of U and Pu in the Purex process, was studied. The kinetic relationships of catalytic decomposition of N2H5NO3 under the action of Tc in the presence of these agents were determined. Variation of the ratio of the oxidized and reduced Tc species in the course of this process at various HNO3 concentrations was examined. In the final step of the reaction of N2H5NO3 with Tc in a nitric acid solution, when the reductant content is stabilized, the oxidation of reduced Tc also stops or continues at a considerably lower rate than before stabilization. The presence of DTPA decreases the rate of Tc(IV) oxidation owing to its binding in a complex and decreases the fraction of ...

2011-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

241

Effect of charge dilution on gaseous and particulate emissions from a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel and biodiesel blended with methanol and ethanol

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, the effect of intake charge dilution with carbon dioxide on the combustion and emission characteristics of a 4-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel, ethanol-biodiesel and methanol-biodiesel were investigated. With increase of intake CO"2 concentration, CO, HC, particulate mass concentration, particle number concentration and geometric diameter (GMD) of all fuels increased while NO"x decreased obviously. After addition of methanol and ethanol in biodiesel, the NO"x, particulate mass concentration and particle number concentration decreased at each intake CO"2 concentration, compared with biodiesel. Moreover, as the intake CO"2 concentration increased from 2% to 5.6%, particulate mass concentration of the alcohol-biodiesel blends remained almost unchan...

2011-01-01

242

Dietary turmeric modulates DMBA-induced p21ras, MAP kinases and AP-1/NF-?B pathway to alter cellular responses during hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The chemopreventive efficacy of turmeric has been established in experimental systems. However, its mechanism(s) of action are not fully elucidated in vivo. The present study investigates the mechanism of turmeric-mediated chemoprevention in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis at 2, 4, 6, 10 and 12?weeks. Dietary turmeric (1%) led to decrease in DMBA-induced tumor burden and multiplicity, and enhanced the latency period in parallel, to its modulatory effects on oncogene products and various cellular responses during HBP tumorigenesis. DMBA-induced expression of ras oncogene product, p21 and downstream target, the mitogen-activated protein kinases were significantly decreased by turmeric during HBP carcinogenesis. Turmeric also diminished ...

2008-01-01

243

Detecting date palm trees health and vegetation greenness change on the eastern coast of the United Arab Emirates using SAVI

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Due to shortage of fresh water resources, the vegetation of the eastern region of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has experienced a series of declines resulting from salinization of groundwater, which is the major source of irrigation. To assess these changes, field measurements combined with Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) based Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) were analysed. TM and ETM+ images from two dates, 1987 and 2000 were acquired to enable the computation of the greenness anomalies for three sites in the eastern region, Fujairah, Kalba and Hatta. The results show an overall increase in agricultural area, associated with a severe decrease in vegetation greenness and health conditions, particularly in the Kalba study area. The SAVI values decreased ...

2008-01-01

244

Contaminants in Lesser and Greater Scaup Staging on the Lower Great Lakes

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The decrease and subsequent lack of recovery of the North American scaup population has increased concerns about contaminants acquired during migration. We collected 189 fall- and spring-migrant lesser (Aythya affinis) and greater scaup (A. marila) on the lower Great Lakes (LGL) to determine if organic contaminants and trace elements in scaup livers were increased and to evaluate sources of variation in selenium (Se) burdens. We found that all organic contaminants were below toxic levels. Of 18 trace elements, only Se was detected at increased (>10-ppm dry-mass) levels. Se in lesser scaup increased but remained constant in greater scaup throughout fall; levels were increased in 14% of lesser scaup and 46% of greater scaup. During spring, Se increased in lesser scaup but decreased slightly ...

2007-01-01

245

Cloud-point measurement for (sulphate salts + polyethylene glycol 15000 + water) systems by the particle counting method

Chemical stability of {gamma}-butyrolactone-based electrolytes for aluminium electrolytic capacitors

The phase separation of (water + salt + polyethylene glycol 15000) systems was studied by cloud-point measurements using the particle counting method. The effect of three kinds of sulphate salt (Na2SO4, K2SO4, (NH4)2SO4) concentration, polyethylene glycol 15000 concentration, mass ratio of polymer to salt on the cloud-point temperature of these systems have been investigated. The results obtained indicate that the cloud-point temperatures decrease linearly with increase in polyethylene glycol concentrations for different salts. Also, the cloud points decrease with an increase in mass ratio of salt to polymer.

2009-07-01

246

Characterization of acid sites in pentasil zeolites by x-ray photolectron spectroscopy

{gamma}-Butyrolactone-based electrolytes have been used as the operating electrolytes for aluminum electrolytic capacitors. The chemical stability of these electrolytes at elevated temperatures has been examined by monitoring the decrease in their electrolytic conductivities. The deteriorated electrolytes were analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography and the conductivity decrease was directly correlated with the loss of acid components. In quaternary ammonium hydrogen maleate/{gamma}-butyrolactone electrolytes, the maleate anion decomposed by decarboxylation resulting in a complex polymer containing polyester and polyacrylate structures. Quaternary ammonium benzoate/{gamma}-butyrolactone electrolytes decomposed by SN2 reactions giving alkyl benzoates and trialkylamines. The deterioration of the carboxylate salt/{gamma}-butyrolactone electrolytes was accelerated by electrolysis. (orig.)

1996-06-01

247

Changes of atmospheric water vapor budget in the Pearl River basin and possible implications for hydrological cycle

The N{sub 1s} XPS band of pyridine chemisorbed on Al-ZSM-5 zeolite was found to be properly deconvoluted into three component peaks. In a previous contribution these three components were assigned to pyridine chemisorbed on two kinds of Bronsted acid sites and one Lewis acid site. This analysis is extended here to Fe-ZSM-5 and B-ZSM-5. Isomorphous substitution of Fe for Si or Al in the zeolite framework leads to a slight decrease in the binding energy of the N{sub 1s} Lewis component. In the case of B substitution a decrease in the binding energy of all three N{sub 1s} components is observed.

1990-11-01

248

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, we thoroughly analyzed abrupt behaviors, trends, and periodicity properties of water vapor flux and moisture budget entering and exiting the four edges of the Pearl River basin based on the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis dataset by using the continuous wavelet transform and the simple two-phase linear regression technique. Possible implications for hydrological cycle and water resource management of these changes are also discussed. The results indicate that: (1) the water vapor propagating through the four edges of the Pearl River basin is decreasing, and it is particularly true for the changes of the water vapor flux exiting from the north edge of the study river basin. The transition point from increase to decrease occurs in the early 1960s; (2) The wavelet transform spectra indica...

2010-01-01

249

Casimir repulsion beyond the dipole regime

CO{sub 2} CAPTURE BY ABSORPTION WITH POTASSIUM CARBONATE

We extend a previous result [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 090403 (2010)] on Casimir repulsion between a plate with a hole and a cylinder centered above it to geometries in which the central object can no longer be treated as a point dipole. We show through numerical calculations that as the distance between the plate and central object decreases, there is an intermediate regime in which the repulsive force increases dramatically. Beyond this, the force rapidly switches over to attraction as the separation decreases further to zero, in line with the proximity force approximation. We demonstrate that this effect can be understood as a competition between an increased repulsion due to a larger polarizability of the central object interacting with increased fringing fields near the edge of the plate, and attractive forces due primarily to the nonzero thickness of the plate. In comparison with our previous work, we find that using the same plate geometry ...

2011-01-01

250

Bortezomib induces apoptosis in T lymphoma cells and natural killer lymphoma cells independent of Epstein-Barr virus infection

The objective of this work is to improve the process for CO{sub 2} capture by alkanolamine absorption/stripping by developing an alternative solvent, aqueous K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} promoted by piperazine. Thermodynamic modeling predicts that the heat of desorption of CO{sub 2} from 5m K+/2.5 PZ from 85 kJ/mole at 40 C to 30 kJ/mole at 120 C. Mass transfer modeling of this solvent suggests that carbonate and general salt concentration play a major role in catalyzing the rate of reaction of CO{sub 2} with piperazine. Stripper modeling suggests that with the multipressure stripper, the energy consumption with a generic solvent decreases by 15% as the heat of desorption is decreased from 23.8 to 18.5 kcal/gmol. A second pilot plant campaign with 5m K+/2.5 PZ was successfully completed.

2005-01-31

251

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which infects not only B cells, but also T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, is associated with multiple lymphoid malignancies. Recently, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib was reported to induce apoptosis of EBV-transformed B cells. We evaluated the killing effect of this proteasome inhibitor on EBV-associated T lymphoma cells and NK lymphoma cells. First, we found that bortezomib treatment decreased the viability of multiple T and NK cell lines. No significant difference was observed between EBV-positive and EBV-negative cell lines. The decreased viability in response to bortezomib treatment was abrogated by a pan-caspase inhibitor. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometric assessment of annexin V staining. Additionally, cleavage o...

2011-01-01

252

Boron-enhanced-diffusion of boron: The limiting factor for ultra-shallow junctions

Atrazine exposure leads to altered growth of HepG2 cells

Reducing implant energy is an effective way to eliminate transient enhanced diffusion (TED) due to excess interstitials from the implant. It is shown that TED from a fixed Si dose implanted at energies from 0.5 to 20 keV into boron doping-superlattices decreases linearly with decreasing Si ion range, virtually disappearing at sub-keV energies. However, for sub-keV B implants diffusion remains enhanced and x{sub j} is limited to {ge} 100 nm at 1,050 C. The authors term this enhancement, which arises in the presence of B atomic concentrations at the surface of {approx} 6%, Boron-Enhanced-Diffusion (BED).

1997-12-01

253

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Atrazine is one of the most commonly used herbicides in the United States. While effective on target plants, it has been associated with harmful health effects in non-target organisms such as fish, amphibians and mammals. In this study, growth effects on human liver cells were determined after exposure to increasing concentrations of this herbicide. Growth of immortalized human hepatoma HepG2 cells was inhibited by atrazine concentrations of 625 ppb after 72 h exposure and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated HepG2 cells exposed to 100 ppb atrazine accumulated in S phase after 48 h compared to untreated cells. Expression of cell cycle specific cyclin proteins was altered after atrazine exposure with cyclin E levels significantly decreased after a 24 h exposure and cyclin B levels decreased...

2011-01-01

254

AlxGa1-xN/GaN multi-quantum-well ultraviolet detector based on p-i-n heterostructures

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We report on characterization of a set of AlGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) photodetectors. The model structure used in the calculation is the p-i-n heterojunction with 20 AlGaN/GaN MQW structures in i-region. The MQW structures have 2nm GaN quantum well width and 15nm AlxGa1-xN barrier width. The cutoff wavelength of the MQW photodetectors can be tuned by adjusting the well width and barrier height. Including the polarization field effects, on increasing Al mole fraction, the transition energy decreases, the total noise increases, and the responsivity has a red shift, and so the detectivity decreases and has a red shift.

2009-01-01

255

Afferent mechanisms of microwave-induced biological effects. Annual report, 1 June 1985-31 May 1986

A study on the transient analysis of pipe and restraint due to impact loading

Effects of 2450-MHz circularly polarized microwave irradiation on central nervous system functions were studied. Pulsed (microsecond, 500 pps) microwaves decreased high-affinity sodium-dependent choline uptake in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the rat. The effect on hippocampal choline uptake was blocked by pretreatment with narcotic antagonists. Continuous-wave microwaves of the same power density decreased choline uptake in the frontal cortex only. Furthermore, it was found that the effects of pulsed microwaves on central cholinergic activity are classically conditionable to cues in the exposure environment. The hypothesis that some of the neurological effects of pulsed microwave irradiation are caused by its effect on the auditory system was investigated. Effects of pink noise and pulsed microwaves were compared.

1986-07-01

256

A study of binary mixture boiling: boiling site density and subcooled heat transfer

In this study, experiments were performed for pipe whip phenomena simulation. The analytical method was developed by combining several kinds of elements in ABAQUS computer code, standard version 5.2 . The transient analytical and the experimental results of the pipe whip test using 6 inch diameter pipe and U-shaped restraints are presented. It is shown that the adequate clearance decreases the restraint strains. As the overhang length increased, the maximum strain of restraints decreased. When the impact force increased, the maximum restraint strain increased slightly. The analytical models simulate the experimental impact phenomena very precisely, with slight conservatism. It is verified that the analytical method developed is very suitable to pipe whip phenomena analysis in nuclear power plants. 6 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

1995-12-31

257

[Hormonal disorders in chronic alcoholic intoxication].

(Boiling site densities and heat-transfer coefficients have been measured for ethanol-water and ethanol-benzene mixtures at 1.01 bar for a heated vertical brass disk. A strong effect of composition on the boiling site density was observed, which was attributed to the nature of the activation of the boiling surface and mass diffusion effects. The boiling heat-transfer coefficient was found to decrease with increasin subcooling, but for the mixtures at a given level of subcooling the decrease was less than that for the single components and azeotropic mixtures.) The heat-transfer coefficient at a given heat flux was seen to be quite insensitive to the very large increase in boiling site density in comparing the pure water and the ethanol-water azeotrope results, leading one to question pool boiling models that predict heat-transfer rates on the basis of boiling site density.

1985-05-01

258

Wind instability of a foam layer sandwiched between the atmosphere and the ocean

Hormone levels were examined in the venous blood in 54 men suffering from stage 2 alcoholism and in 30 normal subjects, using a radioimmunochemical assay. The alcoholics were found to have a statistically significant increase in prolactin and a decrease in testosterone. A definite ratio in the secretion of these hormones differing from that in the control group was elucidated. This ratio (prolactin-testosterone index) is proposed as a diagnostic test of alcoholism. PMID:6441404

1984-01-01

259

Why the negative corona current in air decreases?

Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of short gravity waves is examined in order to explain the recent findings of the decrease in momentum transfer from hurricane winds to sea waves. A three-fluid configuration of a foam layer between the atmosphere and the ocean is suggested to provide signifficant stabilization of the system and shifting the marginal critical wavelength to the shortwave part of the spectrum. It is conjectured that such stabilization leads to the observed drag reduction. The high contrasts in three fluid densities provide a universal mechanism for stabilizing surface perturbations.

2007-01-01

260

Variable Frequency Microwave Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

The time dependence of negative corona current I, called by Gagarin like 'relaxing of CV-characteristics', is a observed phenomena. The observed phenomena was explained by two theoretical models considering the ion-molecule and chemical reactions in the negative corona discharges in air, especially the ozone production. In the presented paper the discrepancies of above mentioned models, re-examination the earlier experimental data and presumptions used in models in a light the latest experimentally confirmed facts are discussed.

1996-08-01

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261

Treatment of uteral cancer by the brake irradiation (25 MeV)

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles based on a polyol process and variable frequency microwave (VFM) was investigated. Comparing to a thermal method, the reaction by VFM radiation was much faster. The effects of silver nitrate concentration, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature were studied. It was found that the higher concentration of silver nitrate, longer reaction time and higher temperature increased the particle size while the higher concentration of PVP decreased the particle size.

2006-02-15

262

Topographical distribution of decrements and recovery in muscarinic receptors from rat brains repeatedly exposed to sublethal doses of soman

The method of treatment of uteral cancer by the brake irradiation of 25 MeV betatrone using original devices which promote forming therapeutic figured bunches is presented. The binding of the protective blocks with a special adjusting frame within the aperture of the diaphragm provided for low relative entering dose which is the advantage of high energy irradiation bunch. The use of the forming devices makes it possible to practice individual treatment and decrease the levels of irradiation doses for intact organs and tissues.

263

Topographical distribution of decrements and recovery in muscarinic receptors from rat brains repeatedly exposed to sublethal doses of soman

(3H)Quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to rat brain muscarinic receptors decreased after repeated exposure to soman, a potent organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. The topographical distribution of this decrement was analyzed by quantitative receptor autoradiography. After 4 weeks of soman, three times a week, quinuclidinyl benzilate binding decreased to 67 to 80% of control in frontal and parietal cortex, caudate-putamen, lateral septum, hippocampal body, dentate gyrus, superior colliculus, nucleus of the fifth nerve, and central grey. Minor or no decreases were observed in thalamic or hypothalamic nuclei, reticular formation, pontine nuclei, inferior colliculus, nucleus of the seventh nerve, and cerebellum. Scatchard analyses of saturation curves using frontal cortex sections from soman-treated rats revealed a decrease in maximal quinuclidinyl benzilate binding from that in control rats and a return ...

1984-08-01

264

The superconducting critical temperature of radiation damaged A-15 compounds

[3H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to rat brain muscarinic receptors decreased after repeated exposure to soman, a potent organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. The topographical distribution of this decrement was analyzed by quantitative receptor autoradiography. After 4 weeks of soman, three times a week, quinuclidinyl benzilate binding decreased to 67 to 80% of control in frontal and parietal cortex, caudate-putamen, lateral septum, hippocampal body, dentate gyrus, superior colliculus, nucleus of the fifth nerve, and central grey. Minor or no decreases were observed in thalamic or hypothalamic nuclei, reticular formation, pontine nuclei, inferior colliculus, nucleus of the seventh nerve, and cerebellum. Scatchard analyses of saturation curves using frontal cortex sections from soman-treated rats revealed a decrease in maximal quinuclidinyl benzilate binding from that in control rats and a return ...

1984-01-01

265

The optimum modification of energy spectra using FFT convolution/multigrid superposition algorithm on the focus radiation treatment system

A simple model is used to explain the decrease in superconducting critical temperature with damage observed for irradiated A-15 compounds. A truncated t-matrix approximation is used to describe the disorder along the one-dimensional transition metal chains. Three dimensionality is introduced by the inclusion of interaction between transition metal atoms on different chains. Numerical fits to experiment are discussed in the conclusion. (author).

266

The integrated PWR; Les REP integres

In the convolution/superposition algorithm, the energy spectrum should be modified to make the reconstructed dose distribution consistent with the measured dose distribution. The energy spectrum, which gives the best agreement, is not determined uniquely depending on the reconstruction procedure. In this report, the effects of the characteristics of the energy spectrum on the calculation accuracy are evaluated by comparing the percentage depth dose (PDD) and beam profiles for the reference energy spectrum with those calculated for the modified spectrum in order to optimize the energy spectrum modification procedure when 4 and 10 MV X-ray beams are used. Decreasing the number of energy bins brought a larger decrease rate in the computation accuracy than a decrease rate in computation time. Further, the decrease of the number of energy bins led to a change of the energy spectrum. The balance of the ...

2003-06-01

267

The impact of fourth-order exchange interactions on the thermal variation of the order parameter

This document presents the integrated reactors concepts by a presentation of four reactors: PIUS, SIR, IRIS and CAREM. The core conception, the operating, the safety, the economical aspects and the possible users are detailed. From the performance of the classical integrated PWR, the necessity of new innovative fuels utilization, the research of a simplified design to make easier the safety and the KWh cost decrease, a new integrated reactor is presented: SCAR 600. (A.L.B.)

2002-07-01

268

The dipole picture in DIS: saturation and heavy quarks

The thermal decrease of the order parameter can empirically be described by a single T{sup {epsilon}} power law with an exponent {epsilon} which depends on the dimensionality of the magnetic interactions and on whether the spin quantum number is integral or half-integral. We present experimental examples in which the order parameter shows a crossover between different T{sup {epsilon}} power laws as a function of temperature. This indicates that the magnetic interactions can change their dimensionality as a function of temperature. (orig.)

2002-07-01

269

The Decrease in Auxin Polar Transport Down the Lupin Hypocotyl Could Produce the Indole-3-Acetic Acid Distribution Responsible for the Elongation Growth Pattern

We discuss the description of the proton structure function within the dipole factorization framework. We parameterize the forward dipole amplitude to account for saturation as predicted by the small-x QCD evolution equations. Contrarily to previous models, the saturation scale does not decrease when taking heavy quarks into account. We show that the same dipole amplitude also allows to reproduce diffractive data and exclusive vector meson production.

2008-04-07

270

Tensile strength of eutectic, directionally solidified alloys based on the Co-Cr-C-system

The variation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) transport along Lupinus albus L. hypocotyls was studied using decapitated seedlings and excised sections. To confirm that the mobile species...Full Text Available

1992-09-01

271

Sustainable managment of the weaner pig through nutrition

The influence of various alloy elements on tensile strength of the eutectic, directionally solidified superalloy 73 C was determined. The tensile properties of the base alloy has been increased by Al, Y and C as alloying elements, while Ni and Ti showed a decreasing effect (alloy softening). However, ductility and thermo-fatigue behaviour had been influenced in a positive way by these elements. The specific meachanism caused by the different elements are discussed. (orig.).

1981-01-01

272

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionIn young pigs the post-weaning period is generally characterised by a marked reduction in voluntary feed intake, poor growth and development, and diarrhoea. The associated reduction in digestive and absorptive capacity of the gastrointestinal tract decreases the overall efficiency of nutrient capture and utilisation, thereby causing an increase in nutrient loading to the environment. The reduction in digestive and absorptive efficiency after weaning has implications for lifetime performance be [continued...

2006-01-31

273

Study on the behaviour of cryogenic current leads in the overload regime

Spin fluctuation changes in Ge doped YbPd_2Si_2

6 mm diameter current leads made of M1, M3 copper and L62 brass are tested for extension of operation range of current leads supplying superconducting devices submerged into the cryostat. Data characterizing the effect of material purity on lead superheating are obtained. A theoretical model permitting to obtain analytical dependences for calculating the current lead maximum temperature is proposed and the possibility of its decrease by increasing current lead diameter in the hot part is considered.

1982-01-01

274

Simulation aided hardening of N-channel power MOSFETs to prevent single event burnout

In YbPd_2Si_2, the valence of Yb is very close to 3+. Ge substitution of Si induces a negative pressure effect and the valence of Yb decreases. For the low Ge concentrations studied, the spin fluctuation temperature T_s_f increases and #chi#4f, the Yb derived 4f susceptibility, obeys the scaling law #chi#4f(T)=F(T/T_s_f). (orig.).

275

Signal processing methods for MFE plasma diagnostics

2D MEDICI simulator is used to investigate hardening solutions to single-event burnout (SEB). SEB parametric dependencies such as carrier lifetime reduction, base enlargement, and emitter doping decrease have been verified and a p"+ plug modification approach for SEB hardening of power MOSFETs is validated with simulations on actual device structures.

1995-07-17

276

SO2 Emission Reductions from Acid Rain Program Sources and Improvements in Air Quality | Cap and Trade | US EPA

The application of various signal processing methods to extract energy storage information from plasma diamagnetism sensors occurring during physics experiments on the Tandom Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) is discussed. We show how these processing techniques can be used to decrease the uncertainty in the corresponding sensor measurements. The algorithms suggested are implemented using SIG, an interactive signal processing package developed at LLNL.

1985-02-01

277

Wastenet

... The colored background is an isopleth map showing change in sulfate concentrations as measured by the CASTNET rural air quality monitoring network , leading to significant improvements in air quality and human health. Wet sulfate deposition decreased 43 percent in the Northeast and 44 percent in the ...

278

Roentgenologic appearance of a thorotrast-induced small cholangiocarcinoma in a case of thorotrastosis

Results and recommendations from studies of basic handling characteristics of solid biomass fuels

A small cholangiocarcinoma was detected at autopsy in a patient with thorotrastosis who died from the rupture of esophageal varices at the esophagogastric junction. Prior to the advent of recent diagnostic imaging technique, a correct antemortem diagnosis could only be obtained from tumor markers. However, the tendency for the opacity of the liver to decrease slowly with time and develop uneven trabeculation suggests that small tumors may be difficult to detect against such a non-homogeneous background. (author).

279

Rest life time management of Kozloduy NPPP Unit 3 and 4

Main results are summarised for a project carried out with the aim of increasing the knowledge of relations between handling characeristics and properties such as moisture content, particle size and shape etc. Handling characteristics that were studied: angle of repose, friction between fuel and different surfaces, the fuel`s tendency to bridge across openings, and its freezing characteristics. Some forty solid biomass fuels were studied, mainly wood fuels, with particle sized from 1 to 200 mm. New methods were developed for measurement of bridging across openings and freezing characeristics. The angle of repose varied between 25 and 55 deg. The particle shape had a significant influence, a high ratio of length/thickness gave a high angle of repose. When the fuel moisture content was increased the angle of repose first increased, then decreased, and finally increased again. The particle size had no influence. The friction depended more on the surface than on the ...

1996-12-31

280

Reactivities of tetracycline and oxytetracycline with OH radicals

The radiation life time of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) is the most important limiting factor for the term of exploitation of the whole power unit. The main degradation mechanism of RPV metal is the neutron induced embrittlement. Processes of radiation ageing running in RPV metal lead to fracture toughness decrease and to increased probability of brittle fracture of the vessel under thermal shocks. This explains the importance of RPV integrity assessment and rest life time management

2002-11-04

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281

Radiation-annealing hardening of vanadium

Decomposition yields of tetracycline sulphate and oxytetracycline sulphate were determined in argon saturated 0.1N H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ solutions. The decomposition yields of teracyclines decrease in the presence of the Cl/sup -/ ions. The reaction rate constants of the OH radicals with tetracyclines were also determined.

1982-05-03

282

Proton beam therapy for cancer in deep-seated organs

Mechanical properties of vanadium, irradiated with fast neutrons up to 8.6x10"-"4 dpa depending on postirradiation annealing temperature, are studied. It is shown that radiation-annealing hardening (RAH) is observed at 300 deg C, which agrees with earlier performed studies. It is first stated that RAH is accompanied by plasticity decrease. Phenomenological model permitting to explain RAH dependence on irradiation temperature and dose and also on content of chemically active alloying impurities is suggested.

283

Prostaglandin E₂ Signals Through PTGER2 to Regulate Sclerostin Expression

Radiation therapy has shown definite technical improvement due to application of proton beam irradiation. Clinical results of proton beam therapy also suggested enlargement of indication ranges in radial treatment and decrease of post radiation damages of the treatment of cancers in deep-seated organs. Inprovement of result in cancer therapy could be expected by this treatment technique in the future.

1988-10-01

284

Preparation and abrasion resistance of transparent super-hydrophobic coating by combining crater-like silica films with acicular boehmite powder

The Wnt signaling pathway is a robust regulator of skeletal homeostasis. Gain-of-function mutations promote high bone mass, whereas loss of Lrp5 or Lrp6 co-receptors decrease bone mass. Similarly, mutations...Full Text Available

285

Preliminary study on the dielectric constant of WPC based on some tropical woods

A super-hydrophobic coating was prepared by combining a rigid base film with crater-like hemispherical holes and acicular nanoparticles. The acicular boehmite powder provides a high contact angle on the film surface. The rigid base film with crater-like hemispherical holes inhibits the rapid decrease of contact angle by surface rubbing. The combination of different roughness is an effective method for improving the abrasion resistance of super-hydrophobic films.

2009-04-15

286

Preferential antitumor effect of the Src inhibitor dasatinib associated with a decreased proportion of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-positive cells in breast cancer cells of the basal B subtype

The use of WPC as an important insulating material is studied by determining its dielectric constant. The variation of dielectric constant with moisture content is also investigated. Preliminary results show that all untreated woods studied have a higher dielectric constant than their polymer composites with the exception of Kapur and Keruing. It is therefore postulated that the presence of polymers has led to a decrease in the number of polarizable units. Such a material may be useful commercially.

1986-01-01

287

Pre-visualization of the biogas compost in rural area : Final Report of Technical Implementation

BackgroundRecent studies have suggested that the Src inhibitor dasatinib preferentially inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells of the basal-like subtype. To clarify this finding...Full Text Available

288

Population dynamics of dechlorinators and factors affecting the level and products of PCB dechlorination in sediments

Biogas-Compost Technology is being experimented in several research centers in Burkina Faso. This technology is about putting up prototypes in order to allow the use of fermentation products. Research on how to operate such technology, no matter small irrigation or domestic energy, has enabled the evaluation of the biogas-compost production and consumption. The implementation of such technology has made possible the agronomic valorization of fermentation residues, the improvement of the process of gas production, and the decrease of installation costs.

289

Peculiarity of counterion - polyion interactions in aqueous solutions of copolymers of acrylamide with cadmium acrylate

Microbial dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) often stops although a significant number of removable chlorines remain. To determine the reason for the cessation, we investigated the limitation of organic carbon, PCB bioavailability, and inhibition by metabolic products. Enrichment with carbon sources did not induce additional chlorination, indicating the plateau was not due to depletion of organic carbon. The bioavailability was not limiting, since a subcritical micelle concentration of the surfactant, which enhanced desorption without inhibiting dechlorinating microorganisms, failed to lower the plateau. Neither was it due to accumulation of metabolites, since no additional dechlorination was detected when plateau sediments were incubated with fresh medium. Similarly, dechlorination was not inhibited in freshly spiked sediment slurries. Dechlorination ended up at the same level with nearly identical congener profiles, regardless of treatment. These results indicate that ...

1996-12-31

290

On mutual effect of phosphorus and carbon on intergranular corrosion of tempered austenitic stainless steels in nitric acid

Binding of Cd/sup 2 +/ ions in aqueous solutions of statistical copolymers of acrylamide with cadmium acrylate with different content of ionogenic groups in copolymers was investigated by polarography, conductometry, viscometry and dialysis. It is shown that the degree of binding of Cd/sup 2 +/ ions increases with increasing of the content of ionogenic groups in the copolymer and with decreasing of ionic strength of the solution. The values of the degree of binding of Cd/sup 2 +/ ions obtained by polarography and dialysis show satisfactory agreement.

1984-02-01

291

On effective actions for the bosonic tachyon

Mutual influence of phosphorus and carbon on the tendency to integranular corrosion (IGC) of tempered austenitic stainless steels in boiling solutions of 65% HNO_3 and 27% of HNO_3+40 g/l Cr"6"+ was investigated. It is ascertained that under the action of carbon additions susceptibility of phosphorus-containing steels to IGC increases considerably in pure nitric acid and decreases in nitric acid containing the oxidant. Possible reasons for the effects observed are discussed.

1990-01-01

292

Ocean waves: energy resource assessment

We extend the analysis of a previous paper to the bosonic case and find the one-derivative effective action valid in the vicinity of rolling tachyons with an energy not larger than that of the original D-brane. For on-shell tachyons rolling down the well-behaved side of the potential in this theory, the energy is conserved and the pressure eventually decreases exponentially. For tachyons rolling down the 'wrong' side, the pressure instead blows up in a finite time. (author)

2003-11-01

293

Nuclear heparan sulfate and doubling time in hepatocytes

The aim of this paper is to provide a general view of wave energy resource assessment. First, a review of the origin of waves and the transformation they undergo as they propagate towards the coast through waters of decreasing depth is presented. Following this, the wave and wave-energy parameters and the statistics required for resource characterization are described. The various types of wave data and their usefulness for the present purposes are summarised. A common methodology for assessment of the wave energy resource is developed. Finally, a general description of the global open ocean resource is presented.

2002-12-31

294

Neutron-proton mass difference in isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter

A rat hepatocyte cell line was shown previously to contain a nuclear pool of free heparan SO/sub 4/ (HS) chains which turns over rapidly. These cells were labeled with /sup 35/SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/ and the steady state levels of (/sup 35/SO/sub 4/)HS in the nucleus were measured under culture conditions chosen to give different cell doubling times (DT's). In each log phase culture growing at a constant rate, the level of nuclear HS did not change as the cell density increased. Rapidly dividing cells had levels of nuclear HS within the range of 30-42 pmol /sup 35/SO/sub 4/ in the nuclear HS/10/sup 6/ cells. However, in cultures with decreased DT's, there was a corresponding decrease in the level of nuclear HS below 30 pmol/10/sup 6/ cells that was proportional to the decrease in the DT. In contrast, when the cell DT increased in cultures approaching confluence, there was a corresponding increase in the level ...

1987-05-01

295

NO{sub x} emissions of a jet diffusion flame which is surrounded by a shroud of combustion air

Isospin-breaking effects in the baryonic sector are studied in the framework of a medium-modified Skyrme model. The neutron-proton mass difference in infinite, asymmetric nuclear matter is discussed. In order to describe the influence of the nuclear environment on the skyrmions, we include energy-dependent charged and neutral pion optical potentials in the s- and p-wave channels. The present approach predicts that the neutron-proton mass difference is mainly dictated by its strong part and that it strongly decreases in neutron matter. (orig.)

2007-06-15

296

Mice Deficient in N-Acetylgalactosamine 4-Sulfate 6-O-Sulfotransferase Are Unable to Synthesize Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfate containing N-Acetylgalactosamine 4,6-Bissulfate Residues and Exhibit Decreased Protease Activity in Bone Marrow-derived Mast Cells*

The present work reports an experimental study on the behavior of a jet flame surrounded by a shroud of combustion air. Measurements focussed on the flame length and the emissions of NO{sub x}, total unburned hydrocarbons, CO{sub 2}, and O{sub 2}. Four different fuel flow rates (40.0, 78.33, 138.33, and 166.6 cm/s), air flow rates up to 2500 cm{sup 3}/s and four different air injector diameters (0.079 cm, 0. 158 cm, 0.237 cm, and 0.316 cm) were used. The shroud of combustion air causes the flame length to decrease by a factor proportional to 1/[p{sub a}/p{sub f} + C{sub 2}({mu}{sub a}Re,a/{mu}{sub f}Re,f){sup 2}]{sup {1/2}}. A substantial shortening of the flame length occurred by increasing the air injection velocity keeping fuel rate fixed or conversely by lowering the fuel flow rate keeping air flow rate constant. NO{sub x} emissions ranging from 5 ppm to 64 ppm were observed and the emission of NO{sub x} decreased strongly with the ...

1996-08-01

297

Mechanism of the caking property reducing the coking coal by addition of low-rank coal

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) containing N-acetylgalactosamine 4,6-bissulfate (GalNAc(4,6-SO₄)) show various physiological activities through interacting...Full Text Available

2010-07-02

298

Mammography: limits of a technique

The use of low rank coal leads to a reduction of the coke strength because of the reduction of the caking property of coking coal. The authors have tried to understand this mechanism by extracting and analyzing the caking component of low rank coal and coking coal. It was found that the caking component is decreased by radical attack from the low rank coal, and thus the caking property is reduced. 11 figs., 3 tabs.

1994-12-31

299

Magnetocaloric effect of Gd{sub 4}(Bi{sub x}Sb{sub 1{minus}x}){sub 3} alloy series

Breast cancer represents today more than 30% of all cancers and is responsible for about 20% of deaths due to cancer. The potentialities of mammography have increased in recent years through improvements in equipment and methodologies. In this paper the conventional mammography using film and image intensifiers is compared with digital mammography. Digital mammography presents clear advantages in storage and handling of information. Also its higher sensitivity will lead to an earlier detection of anomalies and a decrease in the number of invasive exams and surgeries

2001-05-01

300

Interferon-? expressed by a rabies virus-based HIV-1 vaccine vector serves as a molecular adjuvant and decreases pathogenicity

Alloys from the Gd{sub 4}(Bi{sub x}Sb{sub 1{minus}x}){sub 3} series were prepared by melting a stoichiometric amounts of pure metals in an induction furnace. The crystal structure is of the anti-Th{sub 3}P{sub 4} type (space group I{bar 4}3d) for all the compounds tested. The linear increase of the lattice parameters with Bi concentration is attributed to the larger atomic radius of Bi than that of Sb. Magnetic measurements show that the alloys order ferromagnetically from 266K to 330K, with the ordering temperature increasing with decreasing Bi concentration. The alloys are soft ferromagnets below their Curie temperatures, and follow the Curie-Weiss law above their ordering temperatures. The paramagnetic effective magnetic moments are low compared to the theoretical value for a free Gd{sup 3+}, while the ordered magnetic moments are close to the theoretical value for Gd. The alloys exhibit a moderate magnetocaloric effect (MCE) whose maxima are located between ...

1999-12-01

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301

Influence of MeV electron irradiation on the properties of by ion implantation hydrogenated polysilicon TFTs

Type I interferon is important in anti-viral responses and in coordinating the innate immune response. Here we explore the use of interferon-β to adjuvant the response to a rabies virus...Full Text Available

2008-12-20

302

Influence of MeV electron irradiation on the properties of by ion implantation hydrogenated polysilicon TFTs

The influence of MeV electrons irradiation on the gate oxide layers of hydrogenated polysilicon thin film transistors (TFTs) was investigated by measuring gate leakage currents and threshold voltages. The experimental data revealed a decrease of oxide trap density and increase of positive oxide charge. Improvement in the interface roughness and in the oxide quality near the bottom interface was observed.

2006-02-15

303

In situ observation of fatigue crack retardation in banded ferrite?pearlite microstructure due to crack branching

The influence of MeV electrons irradiation on the gate oxide layers of hydrogenated polysilicon thin film transistors (TFTs) was investigated by measuring gate leakage currents and threshold voltages. The experimental data revealed a decrease of oxide trap density and increase of positive oxide charge. Improvement in the interface roughness and in the oxide quality near the bottom interface was observed.

2006-02-01

304

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper reports the results of in situ observation of fatigue crack growth in a ferrite?pearlite steel. Stress intensity factor range (?K) decreasing/increasing and constant-?K fatigue tests have been carried out. In banded pearlite orientation, intense crack branching was observed which leads to fatigue crack retardation. Crack closure during the test was monitored to understand the fatigue crack growth behaviour.

2006-01-01

305

Honokiol-mediated inhibition of PI3K/mTOR pathway: a potential strategy to overcome immunoresistance in glioma, breast, and prostate carcinoma without impacting T cell function.

Historical trends in the accumulation of chemicals in Puget Sound sediment

Inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is an appealing method for decreasing the immunoresistance and augmenting T cell-mediated immunotherapy. A major impediment to this strategy is the impact of conventional PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors on T cell function. In particular, rapamycin, is a well-known immunosuppressant that can decrease the activity of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in tumor cells, but also has a profound inhibitory effect on T cells. Here we show that Honokiol, a natural dietary product isolated from an extract of seed cones from Magnolia grandiflora, can decrease PI3K/mTOR pathway-mediated immunoresistance of glioma, breast and prostate cancer cell lines, without affecting critical proinflammatory T cell functions. Specifically, we show that at doses sufficient to down-regulate levels of phospho-S6 and the negative immune regulator B7-H1 in tumor cells, ...

306

Green tea increases anti-inflammatory tristetraprolin and decreases pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor mRNA levels in rats

As human activity in and around Puget Sound increased, so did the contaminant levels in the sediment. Sediment cores collected in 1 982 revealed inputs of chemicals to the Sound, including lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), silver (Ag), copper (Cu) and petroleum hydrocarbons, began to increase above background in the late 1800s and peaked between 1945 and 1965. Synthetic organic compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT, first appeared in sediments deposited in the 1930s and reached a maximum in the 1960s. The presence of the subsurface maximum concentrations suggests that pollution-control strategies have improved the sediment quality of central Puget Sound. Additional sediment coring was performed in 1991 and samples were collected at six locations in the main basin of Puget Sound. Sediment ages were determined using Pb"2"1"0 radio isotope dating. Sedimentation rates were approximately 1 to 2 cm/yr and deposition rates ranged from 480 to 1000 mg/cm2/yr. The contaminant level ...

1995-11-05

307

General corrosion of ALLOY 800 in high temperature water and its prevention

BackgroundTristetraprolin (TTP/ZFP36) family proteins have anti-inflammatory activity by binding to and destabilizing pro-inflammatory mRNAs such as Tnf mRNA, and represent a potential...Full Text Available

308

General corrosion of ALLOY 800 in high temperature water and its prevention

General corrosion behavior of ALLOY 800 in high temperature water was studied in relation to its surface film structure. The surface film formed in water was found to decrease the corrosion rate of ALLOY 800. This film is composed of Ni ferrite, and can be obtained by oxidation in air or steam. Based on these results, air or steam oxidation treatment to inhibit Ni and Co release of ALLOY 800 into high temperature water is proposed. (author).

1989-10-01

309

Gene silencing induced by oxidative DNA base damage: association with local decrease of histone H4 acetylation in the promoter region

General corrosion behavior of ALLOY 800 in high temperature water was studied in relation to its surface film structure. The surface film formed in water was found to decrease the corrosion rate of ALLOY 800. This film is composed of Ni ferrite, and can be obtained by oxidation in air or steam. Based on these results, air or steam oxidation treatment to inhibit Ni and Co release of ALLOY 800 into high temperature water is proposed. (author).

310

Formative Assessment of ARM-U: A Modular Intervention for Decreasing Risk Behaviors Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Methamphetamine-Using MSM

Oxidized DNA bases, particularly 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), are endogenously generated in cells, being a cause of carcinogenic mutations and possibly interfering with gene expression. We found...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

311

Background:Methamphetamine is a major contributor to HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). Recent studies show that up to one-third of methamphetamine-using MSM...Full Text Available

312

Explosives for mining

Evolution of the luminosity function of quasar accretion disks

The explosive known under the name Saletrol (mixture of ammonium nitrate and hydrocarbon fuel or a mixture of ammonium nitrate, hydrocarbon fuel and aluminum powder) is characterized by the absence of physical stability during storage (the oily fluid flows from the upper layers of the explosive downward) and as a consequence of this, decrease in the required effectiveness of blasting and increased release of toxic gaseous blasting products. In order to eliminate this shortcoming, lightening clay is added to Saletrol in a quantity of 3-12% by weight of the total explosive mass.

1982-07-31

313

Evaluation of indexes for tumor growth and effect of radiation therapy using MRS; Experimental studies on SCCVII tumor bearing mice

Using an accretion-disk model, accretion disk luminosities are calculated for a grid of black hole masses and accretion rates. It is shown that, as the black-hole mass increases with time, the monochromatic luminosity at a given frequency first increases and then decreases rapidly as this frequency is crossed by the Wien cutoff. The upper limit on the monochromatic luminosity, which is characteristic for a given epoch, constrains the evolution of quasar luminosities and determines the evolultion of the quasar luminosity function. 22 refs.

314

Energy and climates world perspectives

Changes in the phosphate metabolism of the transplanted SCCVII (squamous cell carcinoma VII) tumor were studied before and after irradiation using in vivo [sup 31]P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Phosphocreatine (PCr), [gamma]-, [alpha]-, [beta]-ATP, inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphomonoester (PME), and phosphodiester (PDE) were detected in [sup 31]P-MR spectra of tumor tissues. The curve fitting method was employed for calculating each peak of [sup 31]P-MR spectra (PCr, [beta]-ATP, Pi, PME, PDE). The values of PCr, PCr/Pi, [beta]-ATP/Pi and pH decreased in proportion to the growth of tumor, whereas that of Pi, PME and PDE increased. But the changes of [beta]-ATP were minimal in degree. Based on the fact that the ratio of PCr/Pi highly correlated with tumor volume and showed the most remarkable change among various parameters, it might be the useful index for the tumor growth. Because the phospholipid metabolite PME was detected in the earlier stage of ...

1992-03-01

315

Eldroerserosion och Belaeggning av Eldroer: En Litteraturstudie (Gun Barrel Erosion and Coating of Gun Barrels: A Literature Review).

Since the oil prices decreased during June 2008, many uncertainties drive the energy markets. The author aims to analyze the future battles around the the dying resources, taking into account that the alternatives sources will need time to develop. The author analyzes also the relation energy and climate in the preservation of the fundamental equilibrium. (A.L.B.)

2009-06-01

316

Efficiency of selective IR multiphoton dissociation of molecules in a pulsed gas-dynamic flow interacting with a solid surface

Erosion is the main contributing factor to the decrease in lifetime of gun barrels. The precision, muzzle velocity and fire range deteriorate when the surface inside the gun tube is eroded. This study deals with gun barrel material, what happens in the ba...

2002-01-01

317

Effects of the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716 (rimonabant) and d-amphetamine on palatable food and food pellet intake in non-human primates

Isotopically selective IR multiphoton dissociation of molecules (SF_6, CF_3I) in a pulsed gas-dynamic flow interacting with a solid surface was studied for the first time. A noticeable (severalfold) increase in the yield of products (compared to excitation of molecules in an unperturbed flow) without a substantial decrease in the selectivity of the process was observed. Possible reasons for the effect are discussed. (laser applications and other topics in quantum electronics)

2000-08-31

318

Effects of compost and phosphate amendments on arsenic mobility in soils and arsenic uptake by the hyperaccumulator, Pteris vittata L

The purpose of this study was to determine if a cannabinoid CB₁ receptor antagonist would selectively decrease consumption of highly palatable food in non-human primates. The CB₁...Full Text Available

2007-04-01

319

Effect of energy intake on the metabolism of glucose and glutamine in rumen epithelial tissue

Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.), an arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator, has shown the potential to remediate As-contaminated soils. This study investigated the effects of soil amendments on the leachability of As from soils and As uptake by Chinese brake fern. The ferns were grown for 12 weeks in a chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA) contaminated soil or in As spiked contaminated (ASC) soil. Soils were treated with phosphate rock, municipal solid waste, or biosolid compost. Phosphate amendments significantly enhanced plant As uptake from the two tested soils with frond As concentrations increasing up to 265% relative to the control. After 12 weeks, plants grown in phosphate-amended soil removed >8% of soil As. Replacement of As by P from the soil binding sites was responsible for the enhanced mobility of As and subsequent increased plant uptake. Compost additions facilitated As uptake from the CCA soil, but decreased As uptake from the ASC soil. Elevated As uptake ...

2003-11-01

320

Economic effects on taxing CO{sub 2} emissions

Ten Holstein steers (579 kg average body weight) were fed either alfalfa hay (12.2% crude protein) or a 90% concentrate diet to supply 14.2 or 25.2 Mcal ME respectively for a minimum of 28 days. Samples of rumen epithelial tissue were removed at slaughter from the anterior ventral sac, washed free of feed particles and transported to the laboratory in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRB; pH 7.4). Papillae were weighed (100-200 mg) in triplicate into flasks containing 3 ml KRB with 1 mM glutamine or 5 mM glucose and acetate (50 mM), propionate (25 mM), butyrate (15 mM), lactate (1 mM) and glucose (5 mM) or glutamine (1 mM) as competing substrates. A parallel set of flasks contained 1 or .5 #mu#Ci of [U-"1"4C]-glutamine or glucose respectively for "1"4CO_2 production. There were no interactions with dietary energy intake and substrate addition. Increasing the dietary energy intake increased (P < .01) rates of uptake, "1"4CO_2 production and net lactate production from ...

1986-04-13

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321

Dynamical evolution and molecular abundances of interstellar clouds

The CO{sub 2} emissions can be reduced by using economic instruments, like carbon tax. This project included two specific questions related to CO{sub 2} taxation. First one was the economic effects of increasing CO{sub 2} tax and decreasing other taxes. Second was the economic adjustment costs of reducing net emissions instead of gross emissions. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model was used in this analysis. The study was taken place in Helsinki School of Economics

1996-12-31

322

Disorder and superconductivity in A-15 compounds

Dynamical models are presented that start with interstellar gas in an initial diffuse state and consider their gravitational collapse and the formation of dense cores. Frozen-in tangled magnetic fields are included to mimic forces that might oppose gravitational contraction and whose effectiveness may increase with increasing core densities. Results suggest the possibility that dense cloud cores may be dynamically evolving ephemeral objects, such that their lifespan at a given core density decreases as that density increases. 66 refs.

323

Dielectric dispersion study of Mn-doped PLZT (8/65/35)

The universal depression of the superconducting transition temperature T/sub c/ in disordered A-15 compounds is examined. Existing energy-band calculations are used to calculate the density of electron states, which is possibly enhanced by disorder in some cases such as Nb_3Ge. The dramatic drop in T/sub c/ in Nb_3Ge at a critical value of the resistivity is attributed to overdamping of acoustic plasmons which decreases the electron pairing interaction despite small changes in the density of states.

324

Determination of Fe and Zn in agricultural plants with special cultivation by radionuclide x-ray fluorescence analysis

Mn-modified Pb0.92La0.08(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3 (PLZT) was prepared chemically by a coprecipitate method using their respective nitrate salts and isopropoxides. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray analysis clearly show the formation of PLZT single rhombohedral phase for samples calcined beyond 750 C. Uniform grain distribution was observed from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies and grain size was found to increase with Mn doping up to x=0.08 and then decreased. Dielectric measurement shows the decrease in peak transition temperature (TC) with Mn doping up to x=0.12 and then increase along with a sharp rise in dielectric maxima. A diffuse dielectric dispersion is observed in all the compositions. A detailed dispersion study was carried out using the Vogel-Fulcher empirical relation, a universal relaxation law and the Havriliak-Negami function. The Vogel-Fulcher relation fitting parameters of activation energy and freezing ...

2009-07-01

325

Density changes in amorphous Pd{sub 80}Si{sub 20} during low temperature ion irradiation

Fe and Zn were determined in various parts of maize (Zea mays) in dependence on quantity of organic substrate EKOFERT as organic fertilizer in soil, using radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis. The increase of quantity of organic substrate EKOFERT in soil causes a decrease of heavy metal concentrations in certain parts of the plant. (author). 4 refs., 1 tab.

1996-01-01

326

Decreased serum protein binding of diazepam and its major metabolite in the neonate during the first postnatal week relate to increased free fatty acid levels.

Density changes in amorphous Pd{sub 80}Si{sub 20} during ion irradiation below 100K were detected by in situ HVEM measurements of the changes in specimen length as a function of ion fluence. A decrease in mass density as a function of the ion fluence was observed. The saturation value of the change in mass density was determined to be approximately -1.2%.

1994-11-01

327

Decreased duration of pentobarbital-induced narcosis in immature and adult female rats prenatally exposed to cimetidine

The protein binding of diazepam (D) and its major active metabolite N-desmethyl diazepam (DD) was investigated in vitro in the serum of 14 mothers at birth, 21 foetuses at birth, in 100 neonates between...Full Text Available

1984-01-01

328

Decreased 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced carcinogenesis coincides with the induction of antitumor immunities in adult female B6C3F1 mice pretreated with genistein

The effect of prenatal cimetidine exposure (PreCM) on the duration of pentobarbital-induced narcosis (DPN) was assessed in immature (14- and 28-day old) and adult (50-60-day old) male and female rats. PreCM exposure was accomplished by treating mothers with cimetidine (CM) (20 mg/kg, ip) daily for the last two days of gestation and then (0.01% in drinking water) throughout lactation. Pregnant mothers of untreated offspring (Con) received saline. PreCM decreased DPN to 505 +/- 33 min (from 611 +/- 23 min in Con) and 393 +/- 190 min (from 686 +/- 44 min in Con) in 14-day old male and female rats, respectively. Similarly, PreCM decreased DPN to 88 +/- 15 min (from 134 +/- 3 min in Con) and 102 +/- 19 min (from 171 +/- 44 min in Con) in 28-day old male and female rats, respectively. At 21 days, PreCM did not alter DPN in either sex. At 50-60 days, however, it decreased DPN to 144 +/- 41 min (from 238 +/- 7 min in Con) in ...

1986-03-01

329

Computer simulation of martensitic transformations

The objective of this study was to determine if genistein (GEN) modulation of the immune responses might contribute to the increased host resistances to tumors. A time-course study was performed...Full Text Available

2007-12-01

330

Combined protection of metals by cathodic polarization and inhibitors

The characteristics of martensitic transformations in solids are largely determined by the elastic strain that develops as martensite particles grow and interact. To study the development of microstructure, a finite-element computer simulation model was constructed to mimic the transformation process. The transformation is athermal and simulated at each incremental step by transforming the cell which maximizes the decrease in the free energy. To determine the free energy change, the elastic energy developed during martensite growth is calculated from the theory of linear elasticity for elastically homogeneous media, and updated as the transformation proceeds.

1993-11-01

331

Combined cycles and combined energy systems for a safe and sound environment and life

A decrease of inhibitor concentration in a medium is always desirable even if the inhibitor is not toxic. In this connection, a sharp increase in the protective effect of certain corrosion inhibitors when cathodic polarization was applied to the metal is reviewed. The importance of a simultaneous account of the chemical structure of inhibitor and the nature of the metal corrosion under cathodic polarization is outlined. Some examples of applying this combined protection of metals are discussed.

1996-12-01

332

Discussion is presented of world CO{sub 2} emissions and the effect rising population and population distribution has on this. Possible ways of decreasing emissions are presented, including potential for heat recovery, exhaust-air purification as an energy supply, shared power supply in industry, the use of cogeneration, and multiple use of heat in industry. 9 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs.

1992-01-01

333

Coastal alert

Chemical effects on L_#gamma#_1/L_#beta#_1 x-ray intensity ratio of molybdenum compounds

This book shows the severe environmental price we pay for offshore oil drilling, and shows how citizens can take action to protect the nation's shores. This is a handbook for anyone with a stake in the health of the environment. It includes alternatives for decreasing our reliance on offshore drilling, and guidelines for citizens who want to make their opposition heard.

1991-01-01

334

Catalytic properties of molybdena-alumina catalysts. Katalytische Eigenschaften von Molybdaen-Aluminium-Katalysatoren

Chemical effects on the intensity ratio of LX-ray of molybdenum compounds irradiated by 11-keV electrons and by 3-MeV protons were studied using an x-ray crystal spectrometer. It was found that the intensity ratios of L_#gamma#_1/L_#beta#_1 markedly decrease with the increase of ionicity of molybdenum compounds, except for the case of metallic molybdenum. (author).

1987-06-01

335

Calculation of conditions with drop of the level over PGV-1000 secondary side using dinamika-5 code

The catalytic properties of molybdena-alumina catalysts reduced in hydrogen were studied in the function of the reduction temperature, i.e. in the function of the extent of reduction. The deuterium exchange reaction of benzene was used as model catalytic reaction. It was concluded that the reaction rate constant and the multiplicity factor decreased with the extent of reduction parallel with the change in the extent of dehydroxylation of the catalysts. (orig.)

1994-02-01

336

Cadmium down-regulation of kidney Sp1 binding to mouse SGLT1 and SGLT2 gene promoters: Possible reaction of cadmium with the zinc finger domain of Sp1

There is a short description of DINAMIKA-5 code and calculation results for some conditions with level drop in the volume of the secondary circuit during RCP disconnection and decrease of feedwater flowrate at NPP units with VVER-1000 reactors. (orig.) (3 refs., 9 figs.).

1993-12-31

337

Assessment of Oral Toxicity and Safety of Pentamethylchromanol (PMCol), A Potential Chemopreventative Agent, in Rats and Dogs

Cadmium (Cd) exposure causes glucosuria (glucose in the urine). Previously, it was shown that Cd exposure of primary cultures of mouse kidney cells (PMKC) decreased mRNA levels of the glucose...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

338

A study of primary sulfate emissions from a coal-fired boiler with FGD. [Flue gas desulfurization

2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol (PMCol) was administered by gavage in rats for 28 days at dose levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2000 mg/kg/day. PMCol administration induced decreases in body weight...Full Text Available

2010-06-29

339

A prospective evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the TAXUS Element paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent system for the treatment of de novo coronary artery lesions: Design and statistical methods of the PERSEUS clinical program

An extended series of measurements at a conventional coal-fired boiler equipped with a wet-limestone flue gas desulfurization unit has shown that sulfate and sulfur dioxide removal efficiencies are dissimilar. The average SO2 scrubbing efficiency was 76% and was observed to decrease over a five-day operating cycle. Total sulfate scrubbing efficiency, averaging about 29%, was invariant throughout the operating cycle. (1 diagram, 3 tables)

1979-09-01

340

A preliminary study on the dielectric constant of WPC based on some tropical woods

BackgroundPaclitaxel-eluting stents decrease angiographic and clinical restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention compared to bare metal stents. TAXUS Element is a third-generation...Full Text Available

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341

A pre-clinical model of double versus single unit unrelated cord blood transplantation

The use of WPC as an important insulating material is studied by determining its dielectric constant. The variation of dielectric constant with moisture content is also investigated. Preliminary results show that all untreated woods studied have a higher dielectric constant than their polymer composites with the exception of Kapur and Keruing. It is therefore postulated that the presence of polymers has led to a decrease in the number of polarizable units. Such a material may be useful commercially. (author).

1986-01-01

342

A microscopic description of neutron-rich lithium isotopes

Cord blood transplantation (CBT) with units containing total nucleated cell (TNC) dose >2.5×10⁷/kg is associated with improved engraftment and decreased transplant-related...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

343

[Single and 4-week oral toxicity studies of prulifloxacin (NM441) in aged dogs].

A unified calculation of neutron-rich isotopes in lithium is performed using the hyperspherical basis in which the underlying symmetry of each isotope exhibits a simple structure. The variation of the binding energy as a function of mass number is qualitatively reproduced, and the asymptotic of radial distribution of each isotope decreases exponentially. The form factors of the lithium isotopes are calculated and display diffraction minima. 27 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

344

The study of technical error analysis on BMD using DEXA

Single-dose and repeated dose toxicity studies of prulifloxacin, a new antibacterial agent, were conducted in aged beagle dogs. I. A single-dose toxicity study Prulifloxacin was administered orally to aged female dogs at a single dose of 2500 and 5000 mg/kg. No death occurred in any group. Vomiting was observed in one of two animals at 2500 mg/kg and in both animals at 5000 mg/kg 3-4 hr after dosing. At 5000 mg/kg, vomiting was observed in both animals after feeding on the day after dosing. One animal also showed soft stool. Thereafter, no abnormalities were observed in any animal. No test article related changes were noted in food consumption, water consumption, body weight or pathological examination in any group. The results show that the lethal dose of prulifloxacin is judged to be greater than 5000 mg/kg in aged female dogs. II. A repeated dose toxicity study Aged male and female dogs were given the test article orally for 4 weeks at doses of 0 (control), 20, 100 and 500 mg/kg. No ...

1996-06-01

345

Protective role of selenium against renal toxicity induced by cadmium in rats

This study was conducted to search for the type of technical error in DEXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and the effect of error to measurement of BMD. The changes of BMD (g/cm2, T-score) by patients information (Age, Weight, Height, Manopause age) input error and Confirming ROI error were investigated. Using spine phantom, we canned 10 times by age (5, 10), weight (10, 20 kg), height (5, 10 cm), manopause age (5, 10) increase and decrease respectively. Scanning region (L-spine, femur, Forearm) of 10 patients was calculated by changing ROI respectively. Analysis of difference for mean (precision 1%) were carried out. There error of patient information (Age, Weight, Height, Manopause age) was not changed differently. In confirming ROI, the BMD and T-score of L-spine involving T-12 was decreased to 0.063 g/cm2, 0.3 and involving L-5 increased to 0.077 g/cm2, 0.5. In narrowing 1 cm of vertical line of ROI, the BMD and T-score ...

2006-12-01

346

{sup 99m}Tc-MDP scintigraphy of femoral head necrosis following femoral neck fracture

Cadmium is an environmental toxic metal implicated in human diseases. The mechanism of its toxicity is not fully understood. Therefore, the role of cadmium in renal toxicity, and the protective role of selenium against this toxicity were investigated. Forty-five male rats were used through out the study and divided into three groups of 15. The first group received saline solution daily for 10 days. The second group, received cadmium chloride (CdCl_2) (2 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally daily for a period of 10 days. The third group, received sodium selenite (1 mg/kg body weight, twice a day) and CdCl_2 (once a day) for a period of 10 days. The results showed that cadmium treatment increased renal lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde, MDA) which was associated with a significant decrease in the antioxidant systems such as reduced glutathione levels and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). On the other hand, ...

2007-06-25

347

Use of sodium chromate Cr/sub 51/ in diagnosing childhood idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis

Secondary ischemic necrosis of femoral head due to loss of blood supply following to femoral neck fracture is well known. The regional distribution of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuricals in the skeleton can depend on a number of factors, but bone blood flow is a major physiological determinant of regional skeletal uptake of Tc-99m polyphosphate and bone imaging may thus be used for the evaluation of vascularity of the femoral head. The authors made a comparative study of scintigraphic findings and operative findings of 28 cases of femoral neck fracture treated at Kyung Hee University Hospital from April 1980 to May 1984. The results were as follows: 1. In 16 cases of proven avascular necorsis of femoral head, scintigraphy showed absent or decreased activity in 14 cases (87.5%), while radiography showed increased density in 10 cases (62.5%). 2. In 12 cases of proven vital femoral head, scintigraphy showed increased activity in 9 cases (75%) and radiography showed ...

1985-02-15

348

Uncertainties of retrospective radon concentration measurements by multilayer surface trap detector

The diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) may be elusive. A 6-year-old boy had microcytic hypochromic anemia and a hemolytic component. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages were not found in the gastric aspirate. He had no pulmonary signs or symptoms. Extensive hematologic and roentgenologic investigations failed to reveal the cause of the anemia. Quantitative serial scintigraphic scanning showed significant (35%) pulmonary sequestration of autologous erythrocytes labeled with sodium chromate Cr51. The half-life of the RBCs was moderately decreased (half-life, 15 days; normal, 25 to 35 days). An open-lung biopsy spece Cr51. The half-life of the RBCs was moderately decreased (half-life, 15 days; normal, 25 to 35 days). An open-lung biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of IPH. A diagnosis of IPH should be considered when children have iron deficiency anemia and pulmonary signs or symptoms. Organ sequestration studies may be helpful in ...

1984-08-01

349

Ultra-high tritium decontamination of simulated fusion fuel exhaust using a 2-stage palladium membrane reactor

The detector for retrospective radon exposure measurements is developed. The detector consists of the multilayer package of solid-state nuclear track detectors LR-115 type. Nitrocellulose films works both as {alpha}-particle detector and as absorber decreasing the energy of {alpha}-particles. The uncertainties of implanted {sup 210}Pb measurements by two- and three-layer detectors are assessed in dependence on surface {sup 210}Po activity and gross background activity of the glass. The generalized compartment behavior model of radon decay products in the room atmosphere was developed and verified. It is shown that the most influencing parameters on the value of conversion coefficient from {sup 210}Po surface activity to average radon concentration are aerosol particles concentration, deposition velocity of unattached {sup 218}Po and air exchange rate. It is demonstrated that with the use of additional information on surface to volume room ratio, air exchange rate ...

2006-07-01

350

Ultra-high tritium decontamination of simulated fusion fuel exhaust using a 2-stage palladium membrane reactor

A 2-stage cold (non-tritium) PMR system was tested with the ITER mix in61 days of continuous operation. No decrease in performance was observed over the duration of the test. Decontamination factor (DF) was found to increase with decreasing inlet rate. Decontamination factors in excess of 1.4 {times} 10{sup 5} were obtained, but the exact value of the highest DF could not be determined because of analysis limitations. Results of the 61-day test were used to design a 2-stage PMR system for use in tritium testing. The PMR system was scaled up by a factor of 6 and built into a glovebox in the Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This system is approximately 1/5th of the expected full ITER scale. The ITER mix was injected into the PMR system for 31 hours, during which 4.5 g of tritium were processed. The 1st stage had DF = 200 and the 2nd stage had DF = 2.9 {times} 10{sup 6}. The overall DF = 5.8 {times} ...

1996-12-31

351

Transcatheter internal radiotherapy of hepatoma using radioactive iodized oil (I-131 Lipiodol)

A 2-stage cold (non-tritium) PMR system was tested with the ITER mix in 61 days of continuous operation. No decrease in performance was observed over the duration of the test. Decontamination factor (DF) was found to increase with decreasing inlet rate. Decontamination factors in excess of 1.4x10"5 were obtained, but the exact value of the highest DF could not be determined because of analysis limitations. Results of the 61-day test were used to design a 2-stage PMR system for use in tritium testing. The PMR system was scaled up by a factor of 6 and built into a glovebox in the Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This system is approximately 1/5"t"h of the expected full ITER scale. The ITER mix was injected into the PMR system for 31 hours, during which 4.5 g of tritium were processed. The 1"s"t stage had DF =200 and the 2"n"d stage had DF=2.9x10"6. The overall DF=5.8x10"8, which is greater than ITER ...

1996-06-16

352

Trace Elements in Human Myocardial Infarction Determined by Neutron Activation Analysis

The lymphographic agent Lipiodol (iodized oil) has been found to localize and remain in tumor vessels. Based on this finding, we attempted transcatheter internal radiotherapy by radioactive iodized oil (I-131 tagged Lipiodol) prepared by isotopic exchange reaction. Transcatheter internal radiotherapy (TCIR) was attempted in twelve patients with inoperable hepatoma by infusing a therapeutic dose of I-131 Lipiodol (7.6 approx. 28.3 mCi/2.0 approx. 5.0 ml) via the hepatic artery. Serial changes of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and in the size of tumor on computed tomography (CT) were estimated to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Serum AFP levels decreased in 9 patients with initial elevated levels of serum AFP, although they were again elevated in three of them within four weeks. More than 50 % decrease in tumor size was observed in 6 patients (50 %). There were no serious complications. This preliminary results suggest that TCIR with I-131 ...

1988-04-01

353

Time-Dependent 2D Modeling of Magnetron Plasma Torch in Turbulent Flow

By means of neutron activation analysis, injured and adjacent uninjured human heart tissue from 12 autopsy cases with myocardial infarction are investigated with respect to the concentration of 23 trace elements. The bulk elements K, Na and P are also determined. A recently developed ion-exchange technique, combined with subsequent y-spectrometry, is used. The following trace elements are determined: Ag, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, La, Mo, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Zn and W. In the injured tissue compared to the uninjured, calculation on a wet weight basis showed a decrease in Co, Cs, K, Mo, P, Rb and Zn, and an increase in Br, Ca, Ce, La, Na, Sb and Sm. The differences in Ca, La, Mo, P and Zn are dependent on the age of the myocardial infarction, and the regression lines for these elements are given. The concentration of the trace elements in uninjured tissue from infarcted hearts is compared to the concentration of these elements in normal heart ...

1965-01-01

354

Thermodynamics and stability of the mixed-conducting Sr-Fe-Co-O system.

A theoretical model is presented to describe the electromagnetic, heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena within a magnetron plasma torch and in the resultant plume, by using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT. Specific calculations are presented for a pure argon system (i.e., an argon plasma discharging into an argon environment), operated in a turbulent mode. An important finding of this work is that the external axial magnetic field (AMF) may have a significant effect on the behavior of arc plasma and thus affects the resulting plume. The AMF impels the plasma to retract axially and expand radially. As a result, the plasma intensity distribution on the cross section of torch seems to be more uniform. Numerical results also show that with AMF, the highest plasma temperature decreases and the anode arc root moves upstream significantly, while the current density distribution at the anode is more concentrated with a higher peak value. In ...

2008-06-01

355

The nucleation kinetics of calcium sulfate dihydrate in NaCl solutions up to 6 m and 90 C

Mixed-conducting Sr-Fe-Co oxides have potential applications in dense ceramic membranes for high-purity oxygen separation and/or methane conversion to produce syngas (CO + H{sub 2}), because of their combined high electronic/ionic conductivity and significant oxygen permeability. We studied the crystal structure and microstructure of the system in X-ray diffraction experiments and by using scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted on the SrFeCo{sub 0.5}O{sub x} sample in environments of various oxygen partial pressures (pO{sub 2}). Conductivity increased while weight decreased with increasing temperature. Activation energy decreased while conductivity increased with increasing pO{sub 2}. The pO{sub 2}-dependent conducting behavior of the SrFeCo{sub 0.5}O{sub x} system can be understood by considering the trivalent-to-divalent transition of transition-metal ions.

1999-04-28

356

The influence of yttrium (Y) on the corrosion of Mg-Y binary alloys

The crystallization of calcium sulfate from aqueous solutions with NaCl is both geological and industrial interest because NaCl is the dominant solute in natural brines and many industrial fluids. Induction periods for the nucleation of calcium sulfate dihydrate were experimentally determined as a function of supersaturation in NaCl solutions from 0 to 6 m at 25 C and in 3.0-m NaCl solutions at temperatures from 25 to 90 C. Using classic nucleation theory, the interfacial tension between gypsum and 3.0-m NaCl solution was estimated to be about 39 mJ/m[sup 2] at 25 C and increases with increasing temperature (to 63 mJ/m[sup 2] at 90 C). It was observed that the induction period decreases with increasing NaCl concentrations up to 3 m and then starts to increase slightly at a given temperature and saturation state. The electrolyte effect on nucleation was proportional to the enhanced solubility of calcium sulfate dihydrate in NaCl solutions. This phenomenon may result ...

1994-02-01

357

The influence of copper and chromium on the semiconducting behaviour of passive films formed on weathering steels

Research highlights: #-># The Y-intermetallic can accelerate corrosion and Y can increase the protectiveness of the surface layer. #-># In 0.1 M NaCl, the corrosion rate of Mg-Y alloys increased with increasing Y due to the Y intermetallic. #-># In 0.1 M NaCl, there was filiform corrosion. #-># In 0.1 M Na_2SO_4, the corrosion rate of Mg-Y alloys decreased with increasing Y in the range 3-7%Y. #-># Hydrogen evolution was observed from particular parts of the alloy surface. - Abstract: Corrosion of Mg-Y alloys was studied using electrochemical evaluations, immersion tests and direct observations. There were two important effects. In 0.1 M NaCl, the corrosion rate increased with increasing Y content due to increasing amounts of the Y-containing intermetallic. In 0.1 M Na_2SO_4, the corrosion rate decreased with increasing Y content above 3%, attributed to a more protective surface film, despite the intermetallic. The corrosion rate ...

2010-11-01

358

The influence of copper and chromium on the semiconducting behaviour of passive films formed on weathering steels

The influence of small amounts of alloying elements (0.36% Cu and 0.47% Cr) on the semiconducting properties of passive films formed on weathering steels was investigated either in tetraborate/boric acid buffer solution (pH 9.2) or artificial atmospheric environment (SO{sub 2}-containing environment). The electrochemical behaviour was assessed by potentiodynamic polarisation, capacitance measurements and photoelectrochemistry. The chemical characterisation of the films was carried by Auger electron spectroscopy. The polarization results obtained in the buffer solution show that the addition of chromium decreases the passive current density. The capacitance results show that the films behave as an n-type semiconductor with shallow and deep donor levels situated in the forbidden gap. The presence of copper seems to affect the density of the shallow and of the deep donor levels in the forbidden gap, and as chromium, it also decreases the doping ...

2006-12-05

359

The influence of applied potential on the erosion-corrosion behavior of AISI321 stainless steel in acidic slurry medium

The influence of small amounts of alloying elements (0.36% Cu and 0.47% Cr) on the semiconducting properties of passive films formed on weathering steels was investigated either in tetraborate/boric acid buffer solution (pH 9.2) or artificial atmospheric environment (SO_2-containing environment). The electrochemical behaviour was assessed by potentiodynamic polarisation, capacitance measurements and photoelectrochemistry. The chemical characterisation of the films was carried by Auger electron spectroscopy. The polarization results obtained in the buffer solution show that the addition of chromium decreases the passive current density. The capacitance results show that the films behave as an n-type semiconductor with shallow and deep donor levels situated in the forbidden gap. The presence of copper seems to affect the density of the shallow and of the deep donor levels in the forbidden gap, and as chromium, it also decreases the doping density ...

2006-12-05

360

Surface tension of a coal extract in an organic solvent; Sekitan chushutsu seibun no kaigo to hyomen choryoku

The influence of applied potential on the erosion-corrosion (E-C) behavior of AISI321 stainless steel in 10% H{sub 2}SO{sub 4}+15% corundum sand (60 mesh) acidic slurry was investigated using a modified slurry pot apparatus. The surface morphologies of E-C specimens at various applied potentials were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that cathodic protection could significantly decrease E-C rate, and the cathodic protection efficiency could be 73.6%. The influence of applied anodic potentials on the E-C behaviors could be classified as the following three types: A. The E-C rate increased sharply in region I (a little more positive than free-corrosion potential); B. The E-C rate decreased significantly in region II (stable passive region), and the anodic protection efficiency could be 64.5%; C. The E-C rate increased again in region III (transpassive region) because of intergranular corrosion. The appropriate potential ...

1995-08-01

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361

Suppression of pitting corrosion with passive film modification on type 304 stainless steel by ultra-violet light irradiation; Shigaikoshosha ni yoru Type 304 stainless ko no fudotai himaku kaishitsu to koshoku yokusei

The behavior and properties of associated bodies were studied through measurement of surface tension considering acetone-soluble fraction relatively light among various solvent extracts of coal. In experiment, the acetone-soluble fraction was extracted from the substances extracted from Upper Freeport coal as standard specimen using the mixed solvent of carbon disulfide (CS2) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), and it was dissolved into NMP after drying. Surface tension was measured by Wilhelmy method. The experimental results are as follows. Equilibrium surface tension is equal to the surface tension of pure solvent in a low concentration range of solution, and decreases with an increase in concentration approaching a fixed value at 0 in log concentration, nearly showing an S curve. Adsorption of species with non-polar aromatic ring of the acetone-soluble fraction on a solution surface probably decreases surface tension. Change with time in ...

1996-10-28

362

Submicron-scale patterns on ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic Fe/NiO layers by focused ion beam (FIB) milling

In this study, the effects of 325nm wavelength ultraviolet light irradiation on pitting corrosion behavior of type 340 stainless steel in a neutral chloride solution are studied. Further, the change of passive film with the light irradiation is analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mains results obtained therefrom are stated below. Pitting potential can be shifted in noble direction by the ultraviolet light irradiation. The effect of ultraviolet light irradiation is ore prominent in the pitting corrosion process than that in the passive film formation. The result of the analysis in terms of the birth and death stochastic probability process shows that pitting corrosion rate is decreased remarkably by the ultraviolet light irradiation at the formation of passive film, while the repassivation is slightly expedited by the ultraviolet light irradiation. On the other hand, the repassivation rate is increased a little by the ultraviolet light irradiation ...

1998-06-20

363

Submicron-scale patterns on ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic Fe/NiO layers by focused ion beam (FIB) milling

With the aim of studying the magnetic properties of reduced-dimensionality magnetic systems we have patterned 250 nm- and 500 nm-size square elements on Fe/NiO layers by 30 keV Ga{sup +} focused ion beam (FIB) milling, varying beam current and pixel dwell time. By high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis we found that island size decreases from the nominal value by increasing the beam current and features sharpness improves on increasing the dwell time. The top surface of the isolated features has a pronounced edge bending which may be as high as 9 nm with respect to the flat inner area of the island and decreases as dwell time grows. By varying the ion fluence we found that such a shape is related to a surface swelling effect occurring at low ion fluence in the irradiated areas. The swelling-related damage at the edges is expected to influence the magnetic properties of the patterned ...

2005-04-01

364

Study on laminar burning velocity of premixed CH{sub 4}/O{sub 2}/CO{sub 2} flames; CH{sub 4}/O{sub 2}/CO{sub 2} yokongo kaen no soryu nensho sokudo ni kansuru kenkyu

With the aim of studying the magnetic properties of reduced-dimensionality magnetic systems we have patterned 250 nm- and 500 nm-size square elements on Fe/NiO layers by 30 keV Ga"+ focused ion beam (FIB) milling, varying beam current and pixel dwell time. By high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis we found that island size decreases from the nominal value by increasing the beam current and features sharpness improves on increasing the dwell time. The top surface of the isolated features has a pronounced edge bending which may be as high as 9 nm with respect to the flat inner area of the island and decreases as dwell time grows. By varying the ion fluence we found that such a shape is related to a surface swelling effect occurring at low ion fluence in the irradiated areas. The swelling-related damage at the edges is expected to influence the magnetic properties of the patterned ...

2005-04-01

365

Study of structural, thermodynamical and dynamical properties of molecular liquids confined in nano-porous materials

Experimental and numerical investigations were performed for the laminar burning velocity and the flame structure of laminar premixed CH{sub 4}/O{sub 2}/CO{sub 2} flames. Measurements of the laminar burning velocity were conducted by using a flame cone angle method for a circular nozzle burner. Numerical simulation was performed using one-dimensional plane flame code including radiation heat loss with an optically thin model. It was shown that the laminar burning velocity decrease with CO{sub 2} addition even though the adiabatic flame temperature is the same as that for CH{sub 4}/Air flames. The radiation heat loss is significant for the CH{sub 4}/O{sub 2}/CO{sub 2}, flames, and the flame temperature and laminar burning velocity decreases when the radiation heat loss is considered. Effects of thermal properties, radiation, and chemical reaction on the determination of the laminar burning velocity of CH{sub 4}/O{sub 2}/CO{sub 2} flames were ...

1999-07-25

366

Studies on the biosorption of uranium by a thermotolerant, ethanol-producing strain of Kluyveromyces marxianus

When liquids are confined in nano-scopic dimensions, their properties differ from the corresponding bulk liquid, due to their reduced dimensionality and surface effects. Phase transition temperatures and pressures are often shifted from the bulk values and new phases can appear due to the strong interactions of the molecules with the confining walls. We have studied the structural and dynamical properties of aromatic liquids such as benzene, toluene, and ortho-terphenyl confined in nano-porous materials, MCM-41 and SBA-15, synthesized and characterized in our laboratory. A non-trivial dependence of the glass transition temperature, Tg, on the pore size and surface treatment of nano-porous materials is confirmed and interpreted as resulting from a competition between the fluid-wall and fluid-fluid intermolecular interactions. An increase of Tg is observed for small pore sizes and attractive surface while Tg decreases for non attractive surface, whatever the pore ...

2006-01-01

367

Studies on the biological effects of chemical defense mechanisms in vivo activated by low-dose irradiation

The ability of residual biomass from the thermotolerant ethanol-producing yeast strain Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3 to function as a biosorbent for uranium has been examined. It was found that the biomass had an observed maximum biosorption capacity of 120 mg U/g dry weight of biomass. The calculated value for the biosorption maximum, obtained by fitting the data to the Langmuir model was found to be 130 mg U/g dry weight biomass. Maximum biosorption capacities were examined at a number of temperatures and both the observed and calculated values obtained for those capacities increased with increasing temperature. Decreasing the pH of the biosorbate solution resulted in a decrease in uptake capacity. When biosorption reactions were carried out using sea-water as the diluent it was found that the maximum biosorption capacity of the biomass increased significantly. Using transmission electron microscopy, uranium crystals were shown to be ...

1997-06-01

368

Structure-activity-relationships (SAR) in pyrimidine nucleoside transport

Active oxygens produced by low-dose irradiation can induce the synthesis of proteins involved in the active oxygen reduction path and can activate the chemical self-defense mechanisms in vivo, which can alleviate the injuries caused by active oxygens themselves. The following findings suggests that it is not only by low-dose irradiation that can induce the responses described above but also by any physical and/or chemical stresses which can produce small amount of active oxygens in vivo. 1. X-irradiation with 0.5 Gy and/or water immersion and restraint induced heat shock protein (HSP)70 in rat stomach cells. HSP70 was also induced in adrenal cells by paraquat administration. 2. The SOD activity in pancreas of rat significantly increased by #gamma#-irradiation with 0.5 Gy. 0.5 Gy irradiation preceeding the alloxan administration significantly suppressed the increase in pancreatic lipid peroxides and in blood glucose levels, degranulation in #beta# cells, and ...

369

Structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe-Mo alloys prepared by mechanosynthesis

Several series of pyrimidine nucleosides were evaluated as part of a larger program to develop non-invasive brain imaging agents. The interaction of these antitumor/antiviral nucleosides with an NBMPR-sensitive murine erythroctye nucleoside transporter was evaluated by determining their inhibitory effect (K_i) on zero-trans influx of thymidine. Within each series of compounds, which had F, Cl, Br or I as halogen substituents, an increase in size of the halogen atom or a decrease in electronegativity decreased affinity for the transporter. Partition coefficients (P) of these pyrimidine nucleosides were measured to determine their potential to diffuse across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Most of the pyrimidine nucleosides had lower P values (log P < 0.9), and were considered to be poor candidates for simple diffusion across the BBB, although an active BBB transport mechanism for some nucleosides could be operative. For a given series, it was ...

370

Structure and Crystallization Behavior of Nylong 66/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites at Low Carbon Nanotube Contents

Nanocrystalline samples of Fe_8_0Mo_2_0 and Fe_5_0Mo_5_0 alloys were prepared by the mechanical milling method. The structure, lattice parameters, and crystallite size were determined by the X-ray diffraction. The magnetic properties of the milled products were determined by the Moessbauer spectroscopy. It was observed that in the case of the Fe_8_0Mo_2_0 alloy a solid solution of Mo in Fe was formed with the lattice parameters of the Fe increasing from 0.28659 nm to 0.29240 nm and the crystallite size decreasing from 250 nm to 20 nm. In the case of the Fe_5_0Mo_5_0 alloy there were no clear changes in values of the lattice parameters of Fe and Mo during the milling process, but the crystallite size decreased from 200 to 15 nm. Moessbauer spectra revealed different magnetic phases in the machanosynthesized Fe_Mo samples. In the case of the Fe_8_0Mo_2_0 alloy, the spectrum for the milled mixture indicated the formation of solid solution. In ...

2001-09-23

371

Structural studies of some phospho-borate glasses using ultrasonic pulse-echo technique, DSC and IR spectroscopy

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were modified with poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (also known as Nylon 66) via a controlled polymer solution crystallization method. A 'nanohybrid shish kebab' (NHSK) structure was found wherein the MWNT resembled the shish while Nylon 66 lamellar crystals formed the kebabs. These Nylon 66-functionalized MWNTs were used as precursors to prepare polymer/MWNT nanocomposites. Excellent dispersion was revealed by optical and electron microscopies. Nitric acid etching of the nanocomposites showed that MWNT formed a robust network in Nylon 66. Non-isothermal DSC results showed multiple melting peaks, which can be attributed to lamellar thickness changes upon heating. The crystallite sizes L{sub 100} and L{sup 010} of Nylon 66, determined by WAXD, decreased with increasing MWNT contents. Isothermal DSC results showed that crystallization kinetics increased first and then decreased with increasing ...

2007-01-01

372

Structural changes in deashed coals induced by heat treatment; Kanetsu shori ni yoru dakkaitan no kozo henka

Glasses in the system (95-x) [0.25 Na2O-0.75 B2O3]-x P2O5-5 Fe2O3 (0?x?15 mol%), have been prepared by the melt quenching technique. Elastic properties and FT-IR spectroscopic studies have been employed to study the role of P2O5 on the structure of the glass system. Elastic properties Poisson's ratio, micro-hardness and Debye temperature have been investigated using sound wave velocity measurements at 4 MHz (both longitudinal and shear) at room temperature. The results showed that the density and the molar volume increase as both sound velocities and the determined glass transition temperatures decrease with increasing the contents of P2O5. Infrared spectra of the glasses reveal that the borate network consists of diborate units and is affected by the increase in the concentration of P2O5 content as a second network former. These results are interpreted in terms of the replacement of the diborate units with B-O-B bridges by phosphate units with non-bridging oxygens ...

2009-06-01

373

Steady-state levels of G-protein beta-subunit expression are regulated by treatment of cells with bacterial toxins

Change in structures of 3 kinds of coals with different coal ranks and their deashed coals was studied by heat treatment below 200{degree}C. In experiment, crushed Adaro, Taiheiyo and Huaibei coals below 200mesh and their deashed coals were used as specimens. The coal and deashed coal specimens dried in vacuum at 110{degree}C for 3 hours were filled into an autoclave, and the heat-treated coal specimens were prepared by holding them under initial nitrogen pressure of 2kg/cm{sup 2} at a fixed temperature for 30min. Extraction using pyridine as solvent, volumetric swelling using methanol or benzene as solvent, and measurement of the amount of carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl functional groups were conducted for these coal specimens. The experimental results are as follows. Huaibei coal has developed aromatic ring structure, and its structure is hardly affected by heat treatment. The oxygen containing functional groups decrease by heat treatment over 100{degree}C in ...

1996-10-28

374

Solid radioactive waste management in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station

Cultures of 3T3-L1 cells were incubated with either 10 ng/ml cholera toxin or 10 ng/ml pertussis toxin from 4 days prior to the initiation of differentiation and throughout the subsequent incubation. Toxin concentrations were sufficient to completely prevent the labelling of alpha-subunits with ["3"2P]NAD"+ and pertussis toxin and to prevent by more than 90% the labelling with ["3"2P]NAD"+ and cholera toxin in membranes prepared from these cells. Neither toxin prevented the differentiation to the adipocyte phenotype. Neither toxin prevented the increases in the relative amounts of G-proteins which occur upon differentiation. Both toxins dramatically decreased the amount of beta-subunits. As measured by quantitative immunoblotting with antisera specific for both the 35 kDa and 36 kDa beta-subunits, levels of beta-subunit were decreased by more than 50% of steady-state level of control cells. Thus, bacterial toxins which modifies G-protein ...

1987-06-07

375

Serotypes and susceptibilities of paediatric clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Crete, Greece, before and after the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

This paper introduces the solid radwaste management system, treatment methods and its continuous improvement during the past 9 years in Guangdong Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station (GNPS). GNPS has paid great attention and made a lot of efforts to implement the principle of waste minimization with source control, improvement of treatment process and strict management, so the output of solid radwastes has annually decreased since 1994. In 2002, the output of solid radwastes in GNPS was 63.5 m"3, only 50% of 1995 (127 m"3), reached the advanced level as the same type NPPs in France. During the period 1994-2002, the accumulated production of solid radwaste Packages in GNPS is 1563.51 m"3 only 18% of the design value; all the packages meet the standard and requirement for safe disposal. Besides, this paper analyzes some new technical processes and presents some proposals for further decreasing the solid radwaste production

2004-05-01

376

Selecting the optimal conditions of charge preheating before coking at the Western Siberia Iron and Steel Works

All Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from paediatric clinical samples at Heraklion University General Hospital in the 10-year period 2000-2009 were tested for serotype and susceptibility to antimicrobials. Among a total of 258 strains, 159 were isolated in the 5-year period 2000-2004, before the introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), and 99 in the post-PCV7 5-year period 2005-2009. The prevalence of PCV7-included serotypes decreased in the post-PCV7 period (p?=?0.0002), but an increase was observed for serotypes 7F (p?=?0.002) and 19A (p?=?0.004). Pan-susceptibility rates and susceptibility to cotrimoxazole increased in the post-PCV7 period (p?=?0.01 and p?=?0.008, respectively), but serotype 19A emerged as a contributor to multi-resistance (p?=?0.007). PCV7 was followed by decreased S. pneumoniae resistance and prevalence of vaccine-related serotypes but increased prevalence of serotypes 7F and 19A. ...

2010-07-10

377

Ripening of the human uterine cervix related to changes in collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and collagenolytic activity

Extensive laboratory and industrial tests are being conducted at the Western Siberian Iron and Steel Works (I and SW) on the adoption of preheating of coking. The present article describes the results of laboratory investigations of the effect of the free oxygen content in the gaseous heat carrier and the final charge preheating temperature on the technological properties of the charge and the quality of the blast furnace coke, as well as the yield and quality of the coking products: 1. An increase in the free oxygen concentration in the heat carrier to 8% degrades the strength properties of the coke - the crushability and abradability are increased. 2. Charge preheating to 200 to 250/sup 0/C, even with a low oxygen concentration in the heat carrier, is accompanied by degradation of the physical and mechanical properties of the coke. 3. The optimal temperature of charge preheating before coking at the Western Siberia I and SW was found to be in the 150 to 200/sup 0/C range, and the ...

1980-01-01

378

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Connective tissue in biopsy specimens taken from the lower part of the uterine cervix in 40 pregnant women at various gestational ages was compared to that in similar biopsy specimens from 15 nonpregnant women. The concentrations of collagen, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, and hyaluronic acid decreased during pregnancy. At the gestational age of 10 weeks, the collagen concentration was 70%, and at term 30%, of that in the nonpregnant cervix. After delivery, no further decrease was observed. The extractability of collagen increased during pregnancy, as well as during labor. Also, the water concentration increased. An increase in the collagenolytic activity was observed with advancing gestational age. The 2,4-dinitrophenyl-Pro-Gln-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gin-D-Arg hydrolytic activity (collagenase) and the concentration of leukocyte elastase increased gradually by a factor of 10. The physiologic importance of the collagen was also demonstrated, since the ...

1983-01-01

379

Review of compliance with EU-2010 targets on renewable energy in Galicia (Spain)

Resistance and resilience of tundra plant communities to disturbance by winter seismic vehicles

The use of renewable energy offers a range of exceptional benefits, including: a decrease in external energy dependence; a boost to local and regional component manufacturing industries; promotion of regional engineering and consultancy services specialising in the use of renewable energy; increased R and D, decrease in impact of electricity production and transformation; increase in the level of services for the rural population; creation of employment, etc. To achieve these benefits, a series of actions are required, among which the following are particularly important: creation of a suitable climate for performing R and D; training of technicians in design, production and maintenance of equipment; motivation for establishing a new market; proper financing; fostering of appropriate technologies; practical demonstration of results, etc. This article reviews the progress made in the Autonomous Community of Galicia in terms of the introduction ...

2006-06-15

380

Reduction of transient diffusion from 1{endash}5 keV Si{sup +} ion implantation due to surface annihilation of interstitials

Effects of winter seismic exploration on arctic tundra were evaluated on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, four to five growing seasons after disturbance. Plant cover, active layer depths, and track depression were measured at plots representing major tundra plant communities and different levels of initial disturbance. Results are compared with the initial effects reported earlier. Little resilience was seen in any vegetation type, with no clearly decreasing trends in community dissimilarity. Active layer depths remained greater on plots in all nonriparian vegetation types, and most plots still had visible trails. Decreases in plant cover persisted on most plots, although a few species showed recovery or increases in cover above predisturbance level. Moist sedge-shrub tundra and dryas terraces had the largest community dissimilarities initially, showing the least resistance to high levels of winter vehicle disturbance. ...

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

381

Reduction of transient diffusion from 1 endash 5 keV Si"+ ion implantation due to surface annihilation of interstitials

The reduction of transient enhanced diffusion (TED) with reduced implantation energy has been investigated and quantified. A fixed dose of 1{times}10{sup 14} cm{sup {minus}2} Si{sup +} was implanted at energies ranging from 0.5 to 20 keV into boron doping superlattices and enhanced diffusion of the buried boron marker layers was measured for anneals at 810, 950, and 1050{degree}C. A linearly decreasing dependence of diffusivity enhancement on decreasing Si{sup +} ion range is observed at all temperatures, extrapolating to {approximately}1 for 0 keV. This is consistent with our expectation that at zero implantation energy there would be no excess interstitials from the implantation and hence no TED. Monte Carlo modeling and continuum simulations are used to fit the experimental data. The results are consistent with a surface recombination length for interstitials of {lt}10 nm. The data presented here demonstrate that in the range of annealing ...

1997-11-01

382

Reduction of exhaust pollutants from a direct-injection diesel engine using oxygenated fuels. Fumigation of oxygenates and addition of oxygenated additives to fuel; Gansanso nenryo ni yoru chokusetsu funshashiki diesel kikan no haiki joka. Gansanso nenryo no kyukikan eno hojo funsha to keiyu eno tenka

The reduction of transient enhanced diffusion (TED) with reduced implantation energy has been investigated and quantified. A fixed dose of 1x10"1"4 cm"-"2 Si"+ was implanted at energies ranging from 0.5 to 20 keV into boron doping superlattices and enhanced diffusion of the buried boron marker layers was measured for anneals at 810, 950, and 1050 degree C. A linearly decreasing dependence of diffusivity enhancement on decreasing Si"+ ion range is observed at all temperatures, extrapolating to #approx#1 for 0 keV. This is consistent with our expectation that at zero implantation energy there would be no excess interstitials from the implantation and hence no TED. Monte Carlo modeling and continuum simulations are used to fit the experimental data. The results are consistent with a surface recombination length for interstitials of <10 nm. The data presented here demonstrate that in the range of annealing temperatures of interest for p-n ...

383

Reduction of dioxin emission by a multi-layer reactor with bead-shaped activated carbon in simulated gas stream and real flue gas of a sinter plant

The effects on engine emissions resulting from the intake manifold fumigation of oxygenated fuel and the addition of oxygenates to the fuel have been investigated using a direct-injection diesel engine. The results show that carefully selected oxygenated fuels effectively work to increase the ignition delay because of their low ignition quality and to decrease the combustion temperature due to the low compression gas temperature produced from their large heat of vaporization, thereby reducing levels of Bosch smoke and nitrogen oxides simultaneously. However, supplementary injection of the oxygenates into the intake air causes a drastic increase in the levels of exhaust total hydrocarbons and CO; thus, it can be said that the addition of oxygenates to the fuel is more practical and effective than fumigation if phase separation of the blended fuel may not be occurred. In the case of addition of the oxygenates to the fuel, it is clarified that smoke is directly ...

1997-03-25

384

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A laboratory-scale multi-layer system was developed for the adsorption of PCDD/Fs from gas streams at various operating conditions, including gas flow rate, operating temperature and water vapor content. Excellent PCDD/F removal efficiency (>99.99%) was achieved with the multi-layer design with bead-shaped activated carbons (BACs). The PCDD/F removal efficiency achieved with the first layer adsorption bed decreased as the gas flow rate was increased due to the decrease of the gas retention time. The PCDD/F concentrations measured at the outlet of the third layer adsorption bed were all lower than 0.1ng I-TEQNm-3. The PCDD/Fs desorbed from BAC were mainly lowly chlorinated congeners and the PCDD/F outlet concentrations increased as the operating temperature was increased. In addition, the r...

2011-01-01

385

Reduced-aspect-ratio stellarator reactors

Radiation-induced changes in the cell membrane of cultured human endothelial cells

The extent to which the size of a modular stellarator reactor may be reduced is investigated by means of an analytic model of the reactor. The various means employed include varying the blanket/shield thickness, the power output and the wall loading. An optimum design is found, the major radius of which tends to be insensitive to changes in these quantities, although a decrease in the power output leads to a rather smaller decrease in reactor dimensions, as would be expected. Varying the plasma beta at fixed (iota/2..pi..)/sup 2/epsilon or, alternatively, increasing the rotational transform per field period, may, however, allow configurations with fewer field periods to be accessed which have a substantially smaller major radius than the 'standard case' adopted. The magnetics of various configurations required by the model are checked by field line following and the performance claimed is shown to be relatively easily ...

1984-01-01

386

Quantitative evaluation of bile diversion surgery utilizing /sup 99m/Tc HIDA scintigraphy

We investigated the effect of irradiation on the kinetic characteristics of amino acid and glucose transport, and the effect on the activity of the cell membrane-bound enzyme 5'-nucleotidase and on the receptor-mediated stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate synthesis by prostaglandin E1. Irradiation inhibited the sodium-dependent amino acid transport by a reduced binding of the amino acid to the transport unit. The transport of glucose, which appeared to be a sodium-independent process, was temporarily stimulated by increased maximal velocity of the transport. No effect was found on the binding to the transport unit. Irradiation increased the 5'-nucleotidase activity and decreased the prostaglandin E1-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate synthesis 48 h after exposure to 20 Gy. It is concluded that irradiation decreases sodium-dependent transport by impairment of the transport unit, does not impair a ...

1985-12-01

387

Quantitative assessment of bone scintigraphy in the hip joint disease

This is a report of 21 patients presenting with epigastric pain, bilious vomiting, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, iron-deficiency anemia, and weight loss, who had undergone Billroth II gastrectomy from 3 to 35 yr earlier. Eighteen of 21 patients were found to have significant enterogastric reflux indices varying from 60% to 95% demonstrated by /sup 99m/Tc HIDA scintigraphy. Thirteen patients had diversion antireflux surgery in the form of a Roux-en-Y procedure, and 1 patient had a Henley loop jejunal interposition. Postoperative /sup 99m/Tc HIDA scintigraphic studies showed the enterogastric reflux indices to have decreased significantly to a range of 2%-26% (p less than 0.00001). There was marked improvement of symptoms, including correction of anemia and weight gain in those patients who had been anemic or who had sustained earlier weight loss. The enterogastric reflux indices of 10 asymptomatic control patients after Billroth II gastrectomy ranged from 4% to ...

1983-02-01

388

Primary coolant depressurization facility

Quantitative assessment of bone scintigraphy was performed in fifty-six patients with hip joint disease including femoral neck fracture, aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, traumatic dislocation of the hip, Perthes disease, and transient synovitis of the hip. In the static study, bone scintigraphy was obtained 3 hours after injection of sup(99m)Tc-MDP by gamma camera equipped with a computer and uptake ratios were calculated. In the dynamic study, bone scintigraphy was performed in one, 3 and 5 hours after injection of radionuclide. Femoral head uptake ratio was markedly decreased in osteonecrosis following femoral neck fracture and characteristically increased in aseptic necrosis of the femoral head but prolonged retention of sup(99m)Tc-MDP could be observed. Uptake ratios of epiphysis were decreased in Perthes disease but normal in transient synovitis of the hip. Static and dynamic study of bone scintigraphy may be useful for early ...

389

Preparation of AgBr Nanoparticles in Microemulsions Via Reaction of AgNO{sub 3} with CTAB Counterion

In a PWR type reactor, a primary coolant circuit system using a steam generator is adopted in order to accelerate depressurization of a primary coolant circuit upon small rupture LOCA in which the pressure of the primary coolant circuit is moderately depressurized. A secondary coolant circuit depressurization valve is disposed to a main steam pipeline. The valve has a performance of automatically opening to remove heat by evaporation of water stored in SG for a short period of time when the pressure in the primary circuit is decreased to about 50kg/cm[sup 2] upon occurrence of LOCA or the like. Then, the secondary side of the SG is depressurized to about atmospheric pressure and gravitational water injection from a condensate tank is started. Further, a gas vent valve is disposed to a water chamber of the steam generator. The valve has a performance of automatically opening to discharge incondensible gas mixed to the primary coolant circuit to the outside of the ...

1992-10-14

390

Preparation and characterization of d.c.-plated nanocrystalline nickel deposits

Nanoparticles of AgBr were prepared by precipitating AgBr in the water pools of microemulsions consisting of CTAB, n-butanol, isooctane and water. An aqueous solution of AgNO{sub 3} added to the microemulsion was the source of Ag{sup +} ions. The formation of AgBr nanoparticles in microemulsions through direct reaction with the surfactant counterion is a novel approach aimed at decreasing the role of intermicellar nucleation on nanoparticle formation for rapid reactions. The availability of the surfactant counterion in every reverse micelle and the rapidity of the reaction with the counterion trigger nucleation within individual reverse micelles. The effect of the following variables on the particle size and size distribution was investigated: the surfactant and cosurfactant concentrations, moles of AgNO{sub 3} added, and water to surfactant mole ratio, R. High concentration of the surfactant or cosurfactant, or high water content of the microemulsion favored ...

2007-10-15

391

Preparation and characterization of Co-doped BaTiO{sub 3} nanosized powders and ceramics

The microstructure, microhardness, corrosion, and wear resistance of d.c.-plated Ni electrodeposits prepared from different types of electrolysing Watts-type baths, without or with organic compounds, ceramic powder - SiC and polymer - polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), on Cu substrate, which was subsequently removed from the deposits, were investigated. With the change of the type of bath, the deposit grain size was found to decrease markedly, e.g. deposits with an average grain size of about 50 nm could be produced from the bath containing 45 g/dm"3 Ni"2"+ ions, 5 g/dm"3 SiC, and 20 g/dm"3 PTFE. The surface morphology on the bath side of the electrode-posited Ni or Ni-SiC-PTFE foils was characteristic of the type of bath, and its roughness correlated well with the observed grain size. Microhardness and wear resistance increased with decreasing grain size, as expected. On discussing the factors controlling deposit grain size, it is concluded that ...

2001-09-23

392

Phytoavailability and fractionation of copper, manganese, and zinc in soil following application of two composts to four crops

The Co-doped BaTiO{sub 3} nanosized powders and ceramics were prepared via the sol-gel process. The powders and ceramics were characterized by methods of XRD, SEM and TEM. The dielectric properties of the ceramics were also determined by these methods. The influence of sintering temperature, sintering time and Co concentration on the microstructure and dielectric properties was discussed. The results revealed that the powders were in nanometer scale (30-50 nm) and were mainly composed of cubic BaTiO{sub 3} phase and small amount of BaCO{sub 3}. After sintering, both the cubic BaTiO{sub 3} and BaCO{sub 3} were transformed into tetrahedron BaTiO{sub 3}. The sintering temperatures of the Co-doped BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics decreased (about 100 deg. C) and the Curie temperatures of the ceramics were then moved to lower temperature. In addition, the dielectric constant of the ceramics doping with Co was higher than that of the pure BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics. The dielectric ...

2006-08-25

393

Photocorrosion of passive films on titanium in sulfuric acid

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of compost addition to soil on fractionation and bioavailability of Cu, Mn, and Zn to four crops. Soils growing Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were amended (by volume) with 0, 20, 40, and 60% Source-Separated Municipal Solid Waste (SS-MSW) compost, and dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and peppermint (Mentha X piperita L.) were amended with 0, 20, 40, and 60% of high-Cu manure compost (by volume). The SS-MSW compost applications increased the concentration of Cu and Zn in all fractions, increased Mn in acid extractable (ACID), iron and manganese oxides (FeMnOX), and organic matter (OM) fractions, but decreased slightly exchangeable-Mn. Addition of 60% high-Cu manure compost to the soil increased Cu EXCH, ACID, FeMnOX, and OM fractions, but decreased EXCH-Mn, and did not change EXCH-Zn. Addition of both composts to soil reduced bioavailability and ...

2004-09-01

394

Particle size effects on the desorption properties of nanostructured magnesium dihydride (MgH2) synthesized by controlled reactive mechanical milling (CRMM)

Passive films formed anodically on titanium (Ti) plates in 0.5 M sulfuric acid were corroded in aqueous solutions of H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} in the dark and under illumination of a 250-W mercury lamp. The corrosion depth was determined by calculating the thickness of the oxide layers from interference patterns of reflection spectra in the visible region. Corrosion was observed at pH {le} 3, with the corrosion rate increasing exponentially with decreasing pH and achieving a maximum value at pH {approximately} 1. Photocorrosion generally was quicker than corrosion occurring in the dark in all cases (i.e., open-circuit, short-circuit, bias conditions) and increased under anodic polarization of the oxide electrode together with the photocurrent. Corrosion occurring in the dark decreased very weakly under anodic polarization. Long-term corrosion experiments indicated the initial corrosion rate for a thick anodic oxide was higher than the later rates, ...

1995-03-01

395

On the temperature dependence of the magnetic excitations

In the present work the hydrogen desorption properties of nanostructured magnesium hydride (MgH2) synthesized by controlled reactive mechanical milling (CRMM) of elemental Mg powder under hydrogen are investigated. A profound effect of the particle size of synthesized MgH2 hydride on its hydrogen desorption characteristics measured by differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) has been found. All synthesized MgH2 powders are characterized by a double hydrogen desorption peak. Furthermore, below a certain threshold particle size the DSC desorption temperature of the peak doublet starts decreasing rapidly with decreasing of the mean hydride powder particle size (expressed as equivalent circle diameter-ECD). In contrast, the nanograin (crystallite) size of MgH2 does not seem to have apparent effect on the DSC desorption temperature. It is also observed that for powder particles smaller than some threshold value, X-ray diffraction shows the presence ...

2006-11-09

396

Numerical Modeling of Magnesium Alloy Sheet Metal Forming at Elevated Temperature

We compare experimental data for temperature dependence of the magnetic order parameter and the magnetic excitations (spin waves) in materials with a quenched orbital moment and a well-defined spin quantum number. It is observed that the thermal decrease of the two quantities proceeds according to the same analytical function of the type y(T)=1-cT"#epsilon# with an identical exponent #epsilon#. This power function applies not only asymptotically for T->0 but holds over a wide temperature range. The exponent #epsilon# is universal, i.e. independent of spin order type and lattice symmetry and depends only on the dimensionality of the relevant interactions and on whether the spin quantum number is integer or half-integer. The different T"#epsilon# functions are identified as representations of stable universality classes. The fact that order parameter and magnetic excitations follow the same T"#epsilon# function shows that the two quantities belong to the same ...

2005-07-15

397

Neutron shielding and constructional characteristics of a new type concrete and from borated clinker

The development of light-weight vehicle is in great demand for enhancement of fuel efficiency and dynamic performance. The vehicle weight can be reduced effectively by using lightweight materials such as magnesium alloys. However, the use of magnesium alloys in sheet forming processes is still limited because of their low formability at room temperature and the lack of understanding of the forming process of magnesium alloys at elevated temperatures. In this study, uniaxial tensile tests of the magnesium alloy AZ31B-O at various temperatures were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of this alloy relevant for forming of magnesium sheets. To construct a FLD (forming limit diagram), a forming limit test were conducted at temperature of 100 and 200 deg. C. For the evaluation of the effects of the punch temperature on the formability of a rectangular cup drawing with AZ31B-O, numerical modelling was conducted. The experiment results indicate that the stresses and possible ...

2007-05-17

398

NMR in highly correlated superconductors

A boron containing cement, which can be used as nuclear shielding material, is produced at pilot plant scale applying two different methods. In the first method, the raw mixture of a normal portland cement is mixed with pre-calcined colemanite, a calcium borate mineral, and clinkerized in a rotary kiln (borated-clinker). In the second method, the colemanite is mixed with an admixture, which contains mainly limestone and marl, and burnt in the rotary kiln to obtain a borated-lime composite. The borated-lime composite is then added to the normal portland cement clinker up to 2% B_2O_3 content for shielding purpose. The results have shown that the borated-clinker contained untolerable amount of free lime resulting in a decrease in compressive strength. The addition of the borated-lime composite to the normal portland cement clinker up to 1% B_2O_3 content did not alter the setting time and the volume expansion properties. The reduction in the compressive strength was ...

1994-11-07

399

Method for controlling the liquid level of a steam generator for a sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor

Results of our systematic NMR study in high T_c cuprates are reviewed. The antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations (AFSF) decrease in the order of La_1_._8_5Sr_0_._1_5CuO_4. YBa_2Cu_3O_7 and Tl_2Ba_2CuO_6_+_y. 1/T_1 of "6"3Cu in the CuO_2 plane in the normal state follows essentially a Curie-Weiss law at high temperature and T_1T = const. law at low temperature. The temperature dependence of 1/T_1 and the Knight shift together with their impurity effect in the superconducting state strongly suggest d-wave pairing implying the AFSF to be responsible for the occurrence of superconductivity. From the NQR frequency measurement the density of Cu 3d and O 2p holes decreases and increases, respectively, in the order of La, Y and Tl compounds, which is consistent with the change of AFSF. The relation between T_c and #nu#_Q, and their pressure dependence suggest that there exists and optimum value of the ratio of Cu 3d and O 2p hole density to give a ...

1992-08-01

400

Measurement of swirling flow in direct injection diesel engine (Part 2). Effect of piston cavity diameter and top clearance volume

Object: To control the average liquid level of each steam generator at a constant level irrespective of the flow rate of sodium thereby to decrease change in the retained amount of sodium and at the same time to improve the load response characteristic. Construction: A method for decreasing to as large an extent as possible a change in the amount of sodium retained in a steam generator due to change in the flow rate, which comprises the steps of detecting the main recirculating flow rate of liquid sodium by the use of a sodium flow rate detector, amplifying the detected flow rate signal depending upon the ratio between the flow rates respectively in a super-heater and a re-heater (distribution ratio), delivering the amplified signal to a function generator which generates a liquid level setting signal for maintaining the respective average liquid levels of the super-heater and the re-heater at constant levels irrespective of the flow rates, and ...

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

401

Low-level microwave irradiations affect central cholinergic activity in the rat

Swirling flow in a direct injection diesel engine was measured by a laser doppler velocimeter. Piston cavity diameter and top clearance volume were changed as factors affecting swirling flow to study the distribution of swirling flow speed. When using the same intake port and changing the opening ratio of piston cavity, the distribution of swirling flow speed was different by the cavity during intake process but these agree just after opening intake valve and then become again different by cavity. When increasing top clearance and decreasing compression ratio, the axial symmetry of flow during commpression process increases. When changing piston cavity, and also when changing intake port, the mean swirling ratio in inside and outside areas of combustion chamber has common tendency to increase and decrease respectively. The mean swirling flow in the combustion chamber may be capable to be predicted by devising a model which can describe this ...

1989-05-31

402

Long-lived radionuclides in the coastal sediments of the Irish Sea, UK

Sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake was measured in various regions of the brains of rats irradiated for 45 min with either pulsed or continuous-wave low-level microwaves (2,450 MHz; power density, 1 mW/cm2; average whole-body specific absorption rate, 0.6 W/kg). Pulsed microwave irradiation (2-microseconds pulses, 500 pulses/s) decreased choline uptake in the hippocampus and frontal cortex but had no significant effect on the hypothalamus, striatum, and inferior colliculus. Pretreatment with a narcotic antagonist (naloxone or naltrexone; 1 mg/kg i.p.) blocked the effect of pulsed microwaves on hippocampal choline uptake but did not significantly alter the effect on the frontal cortex. Irradiation with continuous-wave microwaves did not significantly affect choline uptake in the hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus but decreased the uptake in the frontal cortex. The effect on the frontal cortex was not altered by pretreatment with ...

1987-01-01

403

Lasing efficiency and tuning range of a dynamic distributed-feedback laser

Over the last four decades the Irish Sea has received controlled discharges of radioactive effluents from the Sellafield (Windscale) nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Cumbria, UK. Enhanced levels of a range of fission, activation and transuranic elements have been reported in a variety of environmental media. Most of the {sup 239,240}Pu and {sup 241}Am and about 10% of the {sup 137}Cs have been retained in a deposit of the fine sediment near the discharge point. The quantities of radionuclides discharged annually from Sellafield decreased by two orders of magnitude from the mid-1970s to 1990, but estimated critical group internal and external exposure decreased by less than one order of magnitude over this period. Redistribution of the contaminated marine sediment is potentially of major significance. In this paper, a review is presented of published work and recent our study relating to Sellafield waste long-lived radionuclides, especially ...

1996-12-01

404

Kinetics of nucleotide transport in rat heart mitochondria studied by a rapid filtration technique

The effects of the contrast of the pump field interference pattern, that is, the effectiveness of the dynamic amplitude-phase grid, and various optical arrangements on the lasing efficiency and tuning range of a dynamic distributed-feedback dye laser are investigated. It is shown that the proper choice of prism apex angle, prism material and dye solvent in a laser in the range 400-1000 microns pumped by two beams of different intensity directed through the congruent sides of an isosceles prism in contact with the active medium solution on its third side can lead to optical losses of less than 2% from the boundaries of the prism. Measurements of polymethine dye laser efficiency and tuning range as a function of the relative intensity of the two ruby-laser pump beams reveals that as the contrast of the pump beam interference pattern decreases, the tuning range remains practically constant and the efficiency increases in the nonlinear (saturation) region of the ...

1980-08-01

405

Interface heat transfer of horizontal co-current liquid-liquid stratified flow. II - Entrance region

A rapid filtration technique has been used to measure at room temperature the kinetics of ADP and ATP transport in rat heart mitochondria in the millisecond time range. Transport was stopped by cessation of the nucleotide supply, without the use of a transport inhibitor, thus avoiding any quenching delay. The kinetics of ({sup 14}C)ADP transport in energized mitochondria were apparently monophasic. The rate of transport of ({sup 14}C)ATP in energized mitochondria was 5-10 times lower than that of ({sup 14}C)ADP. Upon uncoupling, the rate of ({sup 14}C)ATP uptake was enhanced, and that of ({sup 14}C)ADP uptake was decreased. However, the two rates did not equalize, indicating that transport was not exclusively electrogenic. Transport of ({sup 14}C)ADP and ({sup 14}C)ATP by resting mitochondria followed biphasic kinetics. Depletion of nucleotides in resting mitochondria resulted in a greater decrease in the extent of the slow phase than of the ...

1990-10-01

406

Innovative active modified atmosphere packaging improves overall quality of fresh-cut red chard baby leaves

Flow structures and heat transfer at the liquid-liquid interface are investigated experimentally and analytically in the entrance region of a liquid metal-water stratified flow in a horizontal rectangular channel. The two-equation model and the mixing length mode, including a damping turbulent region near the interface, are used to obtain analytical results for pressure drop, position of the interface, and heat transmission coefficients across the interface. Analytical results are compared with experimental results. Conclusions are presented and include the following: (1) vertical position of the interface increases or decreases along the stream according to the fluid flow rate of both fluids, and then approaches a constant value in the fully developed region; (2) pressure drop increases along the stream from the minimum value at the inlet; and (3) heat transmission coefficients across the interface decrease in the entrance region to a minimum ...

1981-06-01

407

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The antimicrobial effects and quality changes of O2, He, N2 or N2O-enriched active modified atmosphere packaging -MAP- (100 kPa initial gas partial pressure) compared to a chlorinated -100 mg L-1 NaClO- passive MAP (control) in fresh-cut Red Chard baby leaves up to 8 days at 5 degreeC were studied. High O2 MAP (>85 kPa O2) inhibited natural microflora growth during 7 days at 5 degreeC. Regarding control treatment, no differences for He and N2O-enriched MAPs on microbial growth were found although control samples were previously disinfected. Initial total phenolics content (613 mg ChAE kg-1 fw) increased up to 61-93% after 6 days at 5 degreeC under O2, He, and N2-enriched MAPs. Vitamin C content decreased up to 67% after shelf life in control samples while lower decreases were monitored in ...

2011-01-01

408

Inhibition of calmodulin - regulated calcium pump activity in rat brain by toxaphene

Inhibition of calmodulin - regulated calcium pump activity in rat brain by toxaphene

In vivo effects of toxaphene on calcium pump activity in rat brain synaptosomes was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with toxaphene at 0,25,50, and 100 mg/kg/day for 3 days and sacrificed 24 h after last dose. Ca/sup 2 +/-ATPase activity and /sup 45/Ca uptake were determined in brain P/sub 2/ fraction. Toxaphene inhibited both Ca/sup 2 +/-ATPase activity and /sup 45/Ca/sup 2 +/ uptake and the inhibition was dose dependent. Both substrate and Ca/sup 2 +/ activation kinetics of Ca/sup 2 +/-ATPase indicated non-competitive type of inhibition as evidenced by decreased catalytic velocity but not enzyme-substrate affinity. The inhibited Ca/sup 2 +/-ATPase activity and Ca/sup 2 +/ uptake were restored to normal level by exogenously added calmodulin which increased both velocity and affinity. The inhibition of Ca/sup 2 +/-ATPase activity and Ca/sup 2 +/ uptake and restoration by calmodulin suggests that toxaphene may impair active calcium transport mechanisms ...

1986-03-05

409

Information technology resources assessment

In vivo effects of toxaphene on calcium pump activity in rat brain synaptosomes was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with toxaphene at 0,25,50, and 100 mg/kg/day for 3 days and sacrificed 24 h after last dose. Ca"2"+-ATPase activity and "4"5Ca uptake were determined in brain P_2 fraction. Toxaphene inhibited both Ca"2"+-ATPase activity and "4"5Ca"2"+ uptake and the inhibition was dose dependent. Both substrate and Ca"2"+ activation kinetics of Ca"2"+-ATPase indicated non-competitive type of inhibition as evidenced by decreased catalytic velocity but not enzyme-substrate affinity. The inhibited Ca"2"+-ATPase activity and Ca"2"+ uptake were restored to normal level by exogenously added calmodulin which increased both velocity and affinity. The inhibition of Ca"2"+-ATPase activity and Ca"2"+ uptake and restoration by calmodulin suggests that toxaphene may impair active calcium transport mechanisms by decreasing regulator protein ...

1986-04-13

410

Information technology resources assessment

This year's Information Technology Resources Assessment (ITRA) is something of a departure from traditional practice. Past assessments have concentrated on developments in fundamental technology, particularly with respect to hardware. They form an impressive chronicle of decreasing cycle times, increasing densities, decreasing costs (or, equivalently, increasing capacity and capability per dollar spent), and new system architectures, with a leavening of operating systems and languages. Past assessments have aimed -- and succeeded -- at putting information technology squarely in the spotlight; by contrast, in the first part of this assessment, we would like to move it to the background, and encourage the reader to reflect less on the continuing technological miracles of miniaturization in space and time and more on the second- and third-order implications of some possible workplace applications of these miracles. This Information ...

1992-01-01

411

Influence of temperature on corrosion behavior of PbCaSnCe alloy in 4.5 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} solution

This year`s Information Technology Resources Assessment (ITRA) is something of a departure from traditional practice. Past assessments have concentrated on developments in fundamental technology, particularly with respect to hardware. They form an impressive chronicle of decreasing cycle times, increasing densities, decreasing costs (or, equivalently, increasing capacity and capability per dollar spent), and new system architectures, with a leavening of operating systems and languages. Past assessments have aimed -- and succeeded -- at putting information technology squarely in the spotlight; by contrast, in the first part of this assessment, we would like to move it to the background, and encourage the reader to reflect less on the continuing technological miracles of miniaturization in space and time and more on the second- and third-order implications of some possible workplace applications of these miracles. This Information Technology ...

1992-01-01

412

Influence of some processing factors on susceptibility to caustic stress corrosion cracking of modified alloy 800

The temperature effect on corrosion behaviors of PbCaSnCe alloy in 4.5 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} solution was investigated by using potentiodynamic curve, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS), Mott-Schottky plot and photocurrent response methods. It was found that PbCaSnCe alloy was in passive state in sulfuric acid solution, a passive film can be formed on alloy surface. The compositions of passive films formed at 0.9 V for 2 h under different temperatures were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the film resistance and the transfer resistance decreased with the increment of the solution temperature. Mott-Schottky analysis and the photocurrent response revealed that the passive film exhibited n-type semi-conductive character, the donor density of the passive film decreased with increasing the solution temperature. Photocurrent response revealed that the photocurrent increased with increasing temperature. ...

2010-01-15

413

Improving the decontamination of ruthenium with short chain hydroxamic ACTD as complexing agent

The influence of some processing factors such as cold work and heat treatment on the susceptibility to caustic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of modified alloy 800, referred to alloy 800 M, in a boiling solution of 50%NaOH + 0.3%SiO_2+0.3%Na_2S_2O_3 was investigated by means of microstructure examination, tensile test, stress analysis, SCC test of C-rings, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and corrosion mode. Cold work led to lengthening of grains, decrease in ductility, increase in strength, residential stress and susceptibility to SCC. With increasing temperature of heat treatment on alloy 800 M after cold work, grains became bigger, ductility increased but strength, residential stress and susceptibility to SCC decreased. SCC cracks on C-ring specimens initiated from pitting and propagated along grain boundaries. AES analysis indicates that the surface films on alloy 800M are enriched in nickel and depleted in iron and chromium. (authors)

2005-07-01

414

Hydroelectric power in Switzerland: large growth potential by increasing the installed power

The ruthenium decontamination factor in Purex process falls quickly with recycles of TBP. So it is necessary to change the chemical states of RuNO complexes in order to improve DF_R_u in the uranium purification cycle. The retention of RuNO complexes in TBP-kerosenelaurohydroxamic acid is observed to be quite large in our previous work. Therefore, water-soluble short chain hydroxamic acid is used as complexing agent to decrease the distribution coefficient of Ru. Hydroxamic acid can transform RuNO complexes into in-extractable species by TBP-kerosene in certain conditions. The result of cascade experiment indicates that the ruthenium decontamination can be increased by a factor of 40-50. Acidity has more influence on the effect of pretreatment. The higher acidity is, the worse the effect will be. The pretreatment is first carried out in low acidic solution, then extractive acidity is increased. In this way, the distribution of Ru can be ...

415

High-pressure Raman study on CeO{sub 2} nanospheres self-assembled by 5 nm CeO{sub 2} nanoparticles

Due to its important hydroelectric power generation facilities (about 525 plants with a total power of 13,314 MW producing about 35.3 TWh annually) Switzerland plays an important role in the interconnected European power system. Large artificial storage lakes in the Swiss Alps can generate peak power during hours of highest demand: 9700 MW are available from accumulated energy and the total power of pumped-storage facilities amounts to 1700 MW. The latter allow refilling the reservoirs at periods of low power demand and generating power at periods of peak demand. In the case of favorable conditions, the yearly average power production could be increased by 6% and the production during the winter period (October to March) by 20% by the year 2020. However, looking forward to the year 2050, the annual production is expected to decrease by 3% despite a possible extension of hydropower. This decrease is due to the enforcement of the minimum residual ...

416

High-dose neutron-irradiation effects in fcc metals at 4.6 K

CeO{sub 2} undergoes a first-order phase transition from fluorite to {alpha}-PbCl{sub 2}-type structure under high pressure. To evaluate the changes in physical properties of CeO{sub 2} nanomaterials as the particle size decreasing, high-pressure Raman study under quasi-hydrostatic condition has been performed on CeO{sub 2} nanospheres self-assembled by 5 nm CeO{sub 2} nanoparticles at room temperature. Surprisingly, as the pressure elevate to 34 GPa, the CeO{sub 2} nanospheres still retain the cubic fluorite-type structure, indicating the sample is more stable than the bulk counterpart. Whereas, previous high-pressure studies show the phase transition at 22.3/26.5 GPa for 12 nm CeO{sub 2} nanoparticles, which is less stable than the bulk materials. The enhancement of phase stability might be attributed to the increase of surface energy of CeO{sub 2} nanospheres as the size of the building units decrease. (Copyright copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH ...

2011-05-15

417

Heat transfer and hydraulics of liquid metal-gas two-phase magnetohydrodynamic flow

The rate of residual-resistivity increase and the isochronal recovery have been studied on the fcc metals Al, Ni, Cu, Pd, Ag, Pt, and Au irradiated at 4.6 K with reactor neutrons to a dose of about 10"1"9 (fast neutrons)/cm"2. The rate of resistivity increase is nonlinear as a function of irradiation-induced resistivity; computer analysis shows that the data are best fitted with an erxpression having up to third-order terms in #DELTA#rho. There are deviations from simple damage-rate theory in all cases, but an anomalous negative deviation from a linear law (convex curvature) is observed in Ni, Pd, Pt (and Fe). This behavior is most probably caused by a decrease of the specific Frenkel-defect resistivity due to defect clustering, an effect which should contribute in all metals after fast-neutron irradiation to high doses. Saturation values of resistivity and defect concentration as well as recombination volumes have veen obtained more accurately than from previous ...

1977-12-01

418

Hardening by point defects in neutron irradiated AlN and SiC

Local properties and heat transfer have been investigated in a NaK-nitrogen two-phase flow in a vertical tube under transverse magnetic field. An objective two-phase flow regime identification was also carried out systematically, using the probability distribution function of two-phase electromagnetic flowmeter signals. The application of a magnetic field was bound to bring about a drastic change in the void fraction profile, i.e., asymmetric profile perpendicular to the field direction. This effect was more remarkably observed in bubbly flows. The magnetic field was also observed to decrease the number of bubbles, by promoting the agglomeration of small bubbles into larger ones and also break-up of large slugs, and, thus, to shift the flow regime boundaries. It has been also shown that the two-phase Nusselt number increases in bubbly flows, while it decreases in slug flows. This trend however reduces in the presence of a magnetic field.

1986-08-01

419

Formation of N2 in the fixed-bed pyrolysis of low rank coals and the mechanisms; Koteisho netsubunkai ni okeru teitankatan kara no N2 no sisei

Pressureless-sintered AlN and hot-pressed, pressureless-sintered and reaction-bonded SiC were neutron irradiated at temperatures between 100 and 785degC up to a fluence of 5.2 x 10"2"4 n/m"2. The hardness was increased by up to 51% in AlN and 84% in SiC. The hardness decreased after annealing at temperatures around the irradiation temperature. At the same temperatures, the macroscopic length, which was increased by irradiation, also began to decrease. The hardness and length were almost recovered after 1,200 #approx# 1,400degC annealing. Thus, hardening in irradiated AlN and SiC is controlled by the number of point defects, or, more precisely, by the strain caused by small point defect clusters which pin down dislocation movement. Dislocation loops were still observed in some samples after 1,400degC annealing while the hardness was almost recovered to that in the unirradiated state. Thus, the existence of dislocation loops is not grounds for ...

420

Experimental studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of laminar flow through a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced helical screw-tape inserts

In order to establish coal NOx preventive measures, discussions were given on formation of N2 in the fixed-bed pyrolysis of low rank coals and the mechanisms thereof. Chinese ZN coal and German RB coal were used for the discussions. Both coals do not produce N2 at 600{degree}C, and the main product is volatile nitrogen. Conversion into N2 does not depend on heating rates, but increases linearly with increasing temperature, and reaches 65% to 70% at 1200{degree}C. In contrast, char nitrogen decreases linearly with the temperature. More specifically, these phenomena suggest that the char nitrogen or its precursor is the major supply source of N2. When mineral substances are removed by using hydrochloric acid, their catalytic action is lost, and conversion into N2 decreases remarkably. Iron existing in ion-exchanged condition in low-rank coal is reduced and finely diffused into metallic iron particles. The particles react with heterocyclic ...

1996-10-28

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

421

Exhaust emissions from a Diesel engine fueled with transesterified waste olive oil

Experimental investigation of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of circular tube fitted with full-length helical screw element of different twist ratio, and helical screw inserts with spacer length 100, 200, 300 and 400mm have been studied with uniform heat flux under laminar flow condition. The experimental data obtained are verified with those obtained from plain tube published data. The effect of spacer length on heat transfer augmentation and friction factor, and the effect of twist ratio on heat transfer augmentation and friction factor have been presented separately. The decrease in Nusselt number for the helical twist with spacer length is within 10% for each subsequent 100mm increase in spacer length. The decrease in friction factor is nearly two times lower than the full length helical twist at low Reynolds number, and four times lower than the full length helical twist at high Reynolds number for all twist ratio. The ...

2007-02-15

422

Evaluation of containment P/T relating feedwater flow rate analysis following main steam line break accident for nuclear power plant

The exhaust emissions of a Diesel direct injection Perkins engine fueled with waste olive oil methyl ester were studied at several steady-state operating conditions. Emissions were characterized with neat biodiesel from used olive oil and conventional Diesel fuel. Results revealed that the use of biodiesel resulted in lower emissions of CO (up to 58.9%), CO{sub 2} (up to 8.6%, excepting a case which presented a 7.4% increase), NO (up to 37.5%), and SO{sub 2} (up to 57.7%), with increase in emissions of NO{sub 2} (up to 81%, excepting a case which presented a slight reduction). Biodiesel also presented a slight increase in brake-specific fuel consumption (lower than 8.5%) that may be tolerated due to the exhaust emission benefits. Combustion efficiency remained constant using either biodiesel or Diesel fuel. The proposed alternative for Diesel fuel could significantly decrease the enormous amount of waste frying oil, furthermore becoming less dependent on fossil oil ...

2003-07-01

423

Environmental cracking of the alpha-beta titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn

The Feedwater System supplies feedwater to the steam generator at the required pressure, temperature and flow rate during the plant start-up, normal power operation, shutdown. When the Feedwater System is inoperable or unavailable, the Auxiliary Feedwater System supplies emergency feedwater to the steam generator. If main steam line break occurs, the increase of feedwater flow rate of the faulted steam generator due to decrease of the pressure in the faulted steam generator results in adverse effects in aspect of overcooling the Reactor Coolant System and increased containment pressure/temperature. To optimize the containment mass/energy analysis, this paper evaluates the maximum feedwater and auxiliary feedwater flow rate delivered to the faulted steam generator at each stage of pressure decrease in the faulted steam generator after a main steam line break accident. Calculated Feedwater flows are applied to calculate mass and energy release ...

2001-05-01

424

Electrical conductivity of the ceramic AIN under irradiation

The combined effects of environment, yield strength and stress state on the cracking susceptibility of beta-extruded Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn have been examined. At a constant yield strength and under plane strain conditions, the stress intensity required for slow crack propagation decreased as the severity of the environment increased, i.e., from laboratory air to 3.5% NaCl. Furthermore, the crack propagation rates were a function of both stress intensity, and environmental severity. Although the fracture toughness and threshold stress intensities for slow crack growth generally decreased with increasing yield strength, aging, which resulted in the precipitation of ordered Ti3Al particles in the primary alpha phase, tended to accentuate the susceptibility of this alloy to sustained load/stress corrosion cracking. Finally, at constant yield strength, the sustained load cracking threshold stress intensity was a function of stress state.

425

Effects of the. cap alpha. -adrenoceptor antagonists phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, and Idazoxan on sympathetic blood flow control in the periodontal ligament of the cat

Aluminum nitride has been proposed as electrically insulating coating in connection with blankets made of vanadium alloys. Irradiations were performed with an applied DC electric field of 100 kV/m, using a 104 MeV {alpha}-particle beam. The dose achieved were 0.1 dpa at 300 C, 0.05 dpa at 400 C, and 0.06 dpa at 500 C. The out-of-beam conductivity {sigma}{sub 0} decreased at all temperatures employed during early stage of irradiation. Before 0.02 dpa had been reached, {sigma}{sub 0} dropped to low values of typically (2-4) x 10{sup -11} ({Omega} m){sup -1}. Although a moderate increase can be observed during further irradiation, {sigma}{sub 0} remained below the initial value of the unirradiated specimen for all temperatures. That is, there is no significant evidence for radiation induced electrical degradation. The in-beam conductivity {sigma}, measured continuously during irradiation, also decreased by at least one order of magnitude. Relevant ...

1996-10-01

426

Effects of nitrogen on the passivity and the pitting corrosion of stainless steels; Stainless ko no fudotai to koshoku ni oyobosu chisso no eikyo

Blood flow changes in the periodontal ligament (PDL) were measured indirectly by monitoring the local clearance of /sup 125/I/sup -/ during electric sympathetic nerve stimulation or close intra-arterial infusions of either noradrenaline (NA) or adrenaline (ADR) before and after administration of phentolamine (PA), phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) or Idazoxan (RX). At the doses used in the present study, PA was the only antagonist that significantly reduced the blood flow decrease seen on activation of sympathetic fibers, although PBZ also reduced this response. Idazoxan, however, did not induce the consistent effect on blood flow decreases seen on sympathetic activation. All three ..cap alpha..-adrenoceptor antagonists almost abolished the effects of exogenously administered NA and ADR. The results suggest the presence of functional post-junctional adrenoceptors of both the ..cap alpha.. 1 and ..cap alpha.. 2 subtypes in the sympathetic regulation of the ...

1988-01-01

427

Effects of low-level microwave irradiation on hippocampal and frontal cortical choline uptake are classically conditionable

Described herein are effects of nitrogen dissolved in steel on passivity and pitting corrosion, as one of the major corrosion phenomena observed in stainless steel. Mechanisms involved in controlling pitting corrosion by nitrogen are also discussed. Nitrogen contained in austenic stainless steel is concentrated in the surface area, in particular in the vicinity of the interface between the passive film and metal matrix. Nitrogen tends to decrease critical current density in an acid, when it is added to steel of high critical current density (approximately 1mA/cm{sup 2} or higher). This phenomenon is considered to result from accumulation of nitrogen preferentially in the surface area to prevent dissolution of steel. Nitrogen dissolved in the austenic phase improves resistance of the steel to pitting corrosion. This phenomenon is considered to result from controlled decrease in pH level during the initial stage of pitting corrosion, ...

1998-09-15

428

Effects of compression ratio on combustion characteristics of a direct-injection diesel engine

In previous research, we found that sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the rat was lowered after acute (45 min) exposure to low-level 2450-MHz pulsed microwaves (power density 1 mW/cm2; average whole body specific absorption rate, 0.6 W/kg; 2 mu sec pulses, 500 pps). In the present experiment, we investigated developments of tolerance and classical conditioning to these effects of microwaves. Rats were exposed to microwaves in cylindrical waveguides in 10 daily sessions (45 min per session). In an 11th session, we subjected the rats to either microwave (study of tolerance) or sham exposure (study of conditioned effect) for 45 min, and immediately measured choline uptake in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. We found that tolerance, a decrease in response to microwaves, developed to the effect of microwaves on choline uptake in the hippocampus, but not in the frontal cortex. Conditioned effects were also observed: ...

1987-08-01

429

Effects of composition and temperature on irradiation hardening of pressure vessel steels

The effects of compression ratio on the history of the fuel-burning process was investigated in a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine. Two compression ratios of 21.4 and 18.5 were studied by using two wide and shallow bowls. The engine was operated at different speeds and overall air-fuel ratios, but with constant start-of-combustion timing at top dead center. The measured cylinder pressure was used to derive fuel-burning rate. At all conditions, the low-compression-ratio bowl had a larger mass of premixed-burned fuel and a higher peak specific fuel-burning rate. The fuel-burning rate in the diffusion-controlled phase of combustion decreased with decreasing compression ratio. The resulting combustion duration became longer at reduced compression ratio, and the difference could be as large as 14 crank-angle degrees. For the engine conditions examined in this study, the mass of fuel present in the combustion chamber at ignition appears ...

1987-01-01

430

Effects of chronic treatment with honokiol in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The effects of key metallurgical variables on the low fluence hardening in a set of A533B model steels were evaluated over a wide range of irradiation temperatures. Above about 163 degrees C hardening increased with higher copper and nickel contents, as is typical of the pressure vessel operating regime around 290 degrees C. However, at 121 degrees C the hardening was generally lower and unaffected by copper and nickel variations. This observation of decreased hardening with lower temperature (e.g. an open-quotes invertedclose quotes temperature dependence) is tentatively attributed to a reduced contribution of copper precipitation. Tensile data for a set of commercial steels with a range of (uncontrolled) compositions also showed minimal sensitivity to copper variations at 121 degrees C. Unlike the hardness data no systematic reductions in the yield stress increases were observed between 163 and 121 degrees C. However, the ultimate tensile strength did ...

1991-08-25

431

Effects of Mo, Cr, and V Additions on Tensile and Charpy Impact Properties of API X80 Pipeline Steels

The present study was performed to evaluate the antihypertensive effects of honokiol in vivo in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The effects of honokiol were investigated by determination of the blood pressure, vascular reactivity, oxidative parameters, and histologic change in the aorta. Long-term administration of honokiol (400 mg/kg/d) to SHR decreased systolic blood pressure significantly. Honokiol (200, 400 mg/kg/d) enhanced the aortic relaxation in response to acetylcholine after 49-d treatment, but had no significant effects on the relaxation to sodium nitroprusside. The oral administration of honokiol significantly increased the plasma level of NO(2(-))/NO(3(-)), but decreased the level of malondialdehyde in liver of SHR compared with the control vehicle. In addition, SHR administered honokiol showed significant reductions in the elastin bands and media thickness in the aorta. These results suggest that chronic treatment with ...

2010-01-01

432

Effect of the ASARCO smelter shutdown on the acidity of rainfall in the Puget sound area

In this study, four API X80 pipeline steels were fabricated by varying Mo, Cr, and V additions, and their microstructures and crystallographic orientations were analyzed to investigate the effects of their alloying compositions on tensile properties and Charpy impact properties. Because additions of Mo and V promoted the formation of fine acicular ferrite (AF) and granular bainite (GB) while prohibiting the formation of coarse GB, they increased the strength and upper-shelf energy (USE) and decreased the energy transition temperature (ETT). The addition of Cr promoted the formation of coarse GB and hard secondary phases, thereby leading to an increased effective grain size, ETT, and strength, and a decreased USE. The addition of V resulted in a higher strength, a higher USE, a smaller effective grain size, and a lower ETT, because it promoted the formation of fine and homogeneous of AF and GB. The steel that contains 0.3 wt pct Mo and 0.06 wt ...

2009-08-01

433

Effect of sintering optimization on the electrical properties of bulk BaxSr1-xTiO3 ceramics

The influence of the sulfur dioxide emissions from a large copper smelter in Tacoma, Washington, USA, was studied by measuring the chemical composition of rainwater collected upwind and downwind of the source, before and after permanent closure of the smelter in 1985. Data analysis was based on a statistical model that accounted for variability associated with location of 25 sampling sites within three geographic regions, smelter operation, ten individual rain events observed over 2 years, and measurement uncertainty. After smelter closure, the upwind-downwind differences in mean hydrogen ion and excess sulfate ion concentrations within a 600 km/sup 2/ region extending to 25 km downwind of the source had decreased significantly compared to the pre-closure value. No significant decreases in mean ion concentrations were observed farther downwind in the Seattle, urban area. During five events sampled prior to smelter closure, we estimate that an ...

1988-04-01

434

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

BaxSr1-xTiO3 (x=0.6, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85 and 0.9) compositions are prepared by solid-state reaction route using controlled heating and cooling. Density optimization by varying sintering temperature was achieved. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows the phase pure materials. The lattice constant decreases from 3.9868A (x=0.90) to 3.9449A (x=0.60) with increasing Sr2+; the tetragonal distortion also decreases. Dielectric constant show sharp peaks for samples having low strontium content (0.10, 0.15) and gets smeared out as the strontium content is increased (0.20, 0.25). For further higher Sr2+ composition (0.40), the dielectric peak could not be observed in the measured temperature range. The peak broadening in Sr2+ rich compositions indicates that diffused transitions and is attributed to t...

2008-01-01

435

Effect of increased CO sub 2 and decreased O sub 2 on photosynthesis, and carbon allocation in source leaves

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on photoluminescence spectra from structures with Si nanocrystals fabricated in SiO_2 matrix

The effect of raising the rate of photosynthesis on the allocation of carbon between sucrose and starch was studied by means of steady-state radiolabeling. Sugar beet source leaves on intact plants were exposed to ambient levels of CO{sub 2} and O{sub 2} for 3 hrs. Next CO{sub 2} was raised to 600 {mu}LL{sup {minus}3} for 3 hrs then O{sub 2} was decreased to 2% for 3 hrs. Rates of net carbon exchange (NCE), export, and starch and sucrose synthesis were measured. NCER increased by 30% under the combined treatments and the proportion of photosynthate allocated to starch and to sucrose did not change. When O{sub 2} concentration was lowered, NCER increased but export did not and sucrose accumulated. This observation, and our earlier conclusion that export rate usually equals sucrose synthesis rate, lead us to conclude that low O{sub 2} directly inhibited export. Low O{sub 2} treatment causes sucrose to accumulate in a sugar beet leaf which usually accumulates little ...

1990-05-01

436

Effect of hydrogen sulfide on chemical looping of coal-derived synthesis gas over bentonite-supported metal---oxide oxygen carriers

The effect of hydrostatic pressure applied at high temperature on photoluminescence of Si-implanted SiO_2 films was studied. A 'blue'-shift of PL spectrum from the SiO_2 films implanted with Si"+ ions to total dose of 1.2x10"1"7 cm"-"2 with increase in hydrostatic pressure was observed. For the films implanted with Si"+ions to a total dose of 4.8x10"1"6 cm"-"2 high temperature annealing under high hydrostatic pressure (12 kbar) causes a 'red'-shift of photoluminescence spectrum. The 'red' photoluminescence bands are attributed to Si nanocrystals while the 'blue' ones are related to Si nanocrystals of reduced size or chains of silicon atoms or Si-Si defects. A decrease in size of Si nanocluster occurs in result of the pressure-induced decrease in the diffusion of silicon atoms. (author)

2001-09-23

437

Effect of grain size on engineering properties of coal ash

The effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the chemical looping combustion of coal-derived synthesis gas with bentonite-supported metal oxidesssuch as iron oxide, nickel oxide, manganese oxide, and copper oxideswas investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). During the reaction with synthesis gas containing H2S, metal-oxide oxygen carriers were first reduced by carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and then interacted with H2S to form metal sulfide, which resulted in a weight gain during the reduction/sulfidation step. The reduced/sulfurized compounds could be regenerated to form sulfur dioxide and oxides during the oxidation reaction with air. The reduction/oxidation capacities of iron oxide and nickel oxide were not affected by the presence of H2S, but both manganese oxide and copper oxide showed decreased reduction/oxidation capacities. However, the rates of reduction and oxidation ...

2009-01-01

438

Effect of ethanol-diesel blend fuels on emission and particle size distribution in a common-rail direct injection diesel engine with warm-up catalytic converter

The main object of the present study was to obtain the relationship of primary, secondary and index properties; compressibility; and angle of repose of coal ash. Representative samples of coal ash from different storage locations of Ropar thermal power plant, Punjab, were analysed. Based on test results of various primary characteristics of ash, the following observations have been made. (1) Ashes sampled for the study have a common mineralogical origin. The uniformity coefficient increases for ash collected near location of discharge compared to ash collected far from the location. (2) The void ratio extent, that is, a different of emax. or a ratio of emax. and emin. decreases with an increase of mean size. The maximum dry density obtained in dry vibration and proctor test differs for fine ash. Maximum dry density decreases and optimum moisture content increases with increase in mean size. Permeability of ash at proctor density is more, ...

2003-07-01

439

Effect of drought and abscisic acid application on the osmotic adjustment of four wheat cultivars

In this study, the exhaust gas from a common-rail direct injection diesel engine was investigated both upstream and downstream warm-up catalytic converters (WCC). Three different types of ultra-low sulfur fuels (ethanol-diesel blend, ethanol-diesel blend with cetane improver and pure diesel) were tested in this study. The objective of the work was to study the engine performance and the formation of THC (total hydro carbon), CO (carbon monoxide), NO{sub x} (nitrogen oxides), smoke and PM (particulate matters) when using these fuels. THC and CO emissions of the ethanol-diesel blend fuels were slightly increased, and about 50-80% mean conversion efficiencies of THC and CO on catalysts were achieved in the ECE R49 13-mode cycle. Smoke was decreased by more than 42% in the entire ECE 13-mode cycles. From the measurement of scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) for the particle size range of 10-385 nm, the total number and total mass of the PM of the ethanol-diesel ...

2008-10-15

440

Effect of Sintering Atmosphere on the Microwave Dielectric Properties and Far-Infrared Reflectivity Spectra of the (Zr{sub 0.8}Sn{sub 0.2})TiO{sub 4} Ceramics

The accumulation of osmolytes in leaf tissues and the abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure are well-recognized mechanisms associated with drought tolerance in crop plants. We determine the response in terms of osmotic potential and the contents of leaf proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugar at booting and grain filling stages of four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to drought and exogenously applied abscisic acid (ABA) in a pot study. Leaf sample were collected 3, 6 and 9 days after drought induction and at 48 and 72 h of re-watering (recovery). Marked decreases in osmotic potential associated with the accumulation of proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars occurred under conditions of drought stress Accession 011320 was most sensitive to drought and showed the largest decrease in osmotic potential and least accumulation of proline, sugar and glycine betaine The inhibitory effects of drought stress were ameliorated by exogenous ...

2010-02-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

441

Effect of Ho"3"+ substitutions on the structural and magnetic properties of BaFe_1_2O_1_9 hexaferrites

Microwave dielectric properties and far-infrared reflectivity spectra of (Zr{sub 0.8}Sn{sub 0.2})TiO{sub 4} ceramics with 1.0mol.% Sb{sub 2}O{sub 5} or WO{sub 3} were investigated in the various sintering atmospheres. The Q{center_dot}f value of the specimens sintered in oxygen atmosphere was enhanced due to the decrease of lattice anharmonic interaction resulting from the decrease of oxygen vacancies, whereas the dielectric constants remained constant regardless of sintering atmosphere. The effects of the sintering atmosphere on the changes of ionic and electronic polarization and the intrinsic microwave losses of the specimens were investigated by using the infrared reflectivity spectra from 50 to 4000cm{sup -1}, which were evaluated using Kramers-Kronig analysis and classical oscillator model. The relative tendency of microwave dielectric properties of the specimens calculated from the reflectivity data was in good agreement with the results ...

2000-02-01

442

Dynamical evolution driven by bars and interactions Input from numerical simulations

Holmium doped barium based hexaferrites BaFe_1_2_-_2_xHo_2_xO_1_9 with (x = 0.0-1.0) were synthesized by solid state reaction method. Structural and magnetic characterization of these ferrites provide significant information about their reactive physical properties. X-ray analysis reveals that in all samples M-type structure exist with few secondary phases. Scanning electron microscope revealed the grain size of the specimen. The results show that grain size decreases with the substitution degree of Holmium. Thus rare earth element Holmium Ho"3"+ acts as a grain growth inhibitor. The magnetic hysteresis loops show the variation in the values of magnetic parameters like saturation magnetization (M_s), remanent magnetization (M_r) and coercivity (H_c) were observed by changing Ho"3"+ content in BaFe_1_2_-_2_xHo_2_xO_1_9 ferrites. Coercivity showed a maximum value of 2230 Oe for (x = 0.4) and then decreasing trend were observed in the values of ...

2010-04-09

443

Dynamic quantitative bone scintigraphy in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated by orchiectomy

We discuss the evolution of a disc galaxy due to the formation of a bar and, subsequently, a peanut. After the formation stage there is still considerable evolution, albeit slower. In purely stellar cases the pattern speed of the bar decreases with time, while its amplitude grows. However, if a considerable gaseous component is present in the disc, the pattern speed may increase with time, while the bar strength may decrease. In some cases the gas can be brought sufficiently close to the center to create a strong central concentration, which, in turn, may modify the properties of the bar. More violent evolution can take place during interactions, so that some disc substructures can be either formed or destroyed in a time scale which is small compared to a Hubble time. These include spirals, bars, bridges, tails, rings, thick discs and bulges. In some cases interactions may lead to mergings. We briefly review comparisons of the properties of ...

2002-01-01

444

Determination of the initial energy in computerized tomography with proton beams; Determinacao da energia inicial em tomografia computadorizada com feixe de protons

Dynamic quantitative bone scintigraphy was performed on 31 men with prostatic carcinoma before orchiectomy as well as 2 weeks, 2 and 6 months postoperatively. After injection of technetium methylene diphosphonate Tc 99m ("9"9"mTc-MDP) the count rate was recorded as serial images over the lower thoracic and all the lumbar vertebrae from 1 to 240 min post-injection. Thirteen men had normal bone scintigrams with no changes in "9"9"mTc-MDP content at the four different investigation times. Eighteen men had skeletal metastases. Throughout the study half of the abnormal vertebrae in these patients showed an abnormal count rate after only 6 min post-injection. After 1 h it was possible in almost all abnormal vertebrae to predict abnormal bone uptake. In response to therapy a 'flare phenomenon' with an increase in count rate was seen 2 weeks after orchiectomy followed by a decrease 2 months postoperatively in most of the abnormal vertebrae. The count rate ...

445

Crystallization fouling of calcium sulfate dihydrate on heat-transfer surfaces

In earliest works devoted to proton computed tomography it was shown that the advantage of pCT image reconstruction appears when the energy is close to the Bragg peak region, since the proton passes the object. This effect provided by the Bragg peak makes the computerized tomography with protons possible. However, when decreasing the initial proton energy, with the increase of the irradiation dose, there are two effects that work simultaneously in opposite ways. First, the energy loss of a proton in an object becomes bigger at small initial energy. At the same time decreasing of the proton energy results in the increase of the energy straggling, requiring a larger number of protons. In this work the radiation dose dependence on the proton initial energy was studied using analytical formulas and computer simulations. The investigation determined that the radiation dose practically does not depend on the initial energy, except in the energy ...

2007-07-01

446

Core and containment safety analyses for the reduction of boron concentration in the boron injection tank of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station

The present paper deals with the fouling process of calcium sulfate dehydrate on heat-transfer surfaces. The crystallization of calcium sulfate showed typical asymptotic fouling curves, the asymptotic value of which was greatly influenced by the surface temperature and fluid velocity. The fouling mechanism was discussed with a generalized fouling model and proved to be surface process controlled, where the activation energy was 6.2 {times} 10{sup 4} J/mol. The availability of mechanical cleaning against the formed scale was quantitatively evaluated by applying the particle abrasion method. The removal test verified that the removing rate per unit particle concentration decreased in an inverse proportion to the overall particle load, to the power of 0.8, and that it was affected by the fluid velocity. The observed final residual fouling resistance decreased asymptotically with an increase in particle concentration. The suitable concentration of ...

1996-02-01

447

Controlled grain boundary structures in superconductors. Final report 1 Jan 77-31 Dec 81

The design boron concentration of the Boron Injection Tank (BIT) in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is 21000 #mu#g/g. The BIT should operate under high temperature to avoid boron crystallization, causing higher evaporation, frequent water makeup, higher deposition and pipe blockage to decrease the operability of the safety injection system. The author proposes to decrease the boron concentration in BIT from 21000 #mu#g/g to 7000 #mu#g/g to solve the existing problem. The safety analyses (core DNBR and containment response) are conducted and other impacts are evaluated for the BIT reduction. The analysis results show that the core DNBR meets the safety criterion and the containment pressure is within the design value for the steam line rupture accident after the BIT reduction. The feasibility study report of Daya bay BIT reduction has been approved by NNSA. The site implementation of BIT reduction has been finished successfully

1999-12-01

448

Controllable synthesis of graphene sheets with different numbers of layers and effect of the number of graphene layers on the specific capacity of anode material in lithium-ion batteries

Theoretical work supported by this grant has lead to the concept of the specific pinning force Q and the development of new methods to sum elementary interaction forces to find Q. Pinning due to changes in transition temperature or thermodynamic critical field in thin layers (e.g., a grain boundary), is greatly reduced due to the proximity effect and the stress field interaction due to the dislocations in the grain boundary has been shown to be negligible. The crystalline anisotropy (CA) and electron scattering (ES) interactions have been computed for the first time for an arbitrary boundary. Experiments on niobium bicrystals, polycrystalline niobium thin foils doped with oxygen, lead-bismuth alloy thin films and lead-bismuth alloy films in which either lead or thallium has been allowed to diffuse down the grain boundaries and out into the grains provide evidence that confirms the predictions of the theory. These results suggest that further improvements in grain boundary pinning in ...

1982-03-01

449

Composition Dependence of the Photocatalytic Activities of BiOCl1-xBrx Solid Solutions under Visible Light

High quality graphene sheets are synthesized through efficient oxidation process followed by rapid thermal expansion and reduction by H2. The number of graphene layers is controlled by tuning the oxidation degree of GOs. The higher the oxidation degree of GOs is getting, the fewer the numbers of graphene layers can be obtained. The material is characterized by elemental analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. The obtained graphene sheets with single, triple and quintuplicate layers as anode materials exhibit a high reversible capacity of 1175, 1007, and 842 mA h g-1, respectively, which show that the graphene sheets with fewer layers have higher reversible capacity. -- Graphical abstract: The typical TEM images of the graphene sheets derived from GO3(a), GO2(b) and GO1(c). Display Omitted Highlights: ? With the oxidation degree of GO increasing, the ...

2011-05-01

450

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract We prepared BiOCl1-xBrx (x=0-1) solid solutions and characterized their structures, morphologies, and photocatalytic properties by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photocurrent and photocatalytic activity measurements and also by density functional theory calculations for BiOCl, BiOBr, BiOCl0.5Br0.5. Under visible-light irradiation BiOCl1-xBrx exhibits a stronger photocatalytic activity than do BiOCl and BiOBr, with the activity reaching the maximum at x=0.5 and decreasing gradually as x is increased toward 1 or decreased toward 0. This trend is closely mimicked by the photogenerated current of BiOCl1-xBrx, indicating that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of BiOCl1-xBrx with respect to those of BiOCl and BiO...

2011-01-01

451

Cluster-assisted multiple ionization of methyl iodide by a nanosecond laser: Influence of laser intensity on the kinetic energy and peak profile of multicharged ions

Characterisation of passive films formed on low carbon steel in borate buffer solution (pH 9.2) by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

The dependences of kinetic energies and peak profiles of multicharged ions of I "q"+ (q = 2-3) and C"2"+ on the laser intensity have been studied in detail by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, those multicharged ions are produced by irradiation of methyl iodide cluster beam with a nanosecond 532 nm Nd-YAG laser. Our experiments show that the kinetic energies released of multicharged ions increase linearly with the laser intensity in the range of 3 x 10"9-2 x 10"1"1 W/cm"2. The peaks of multicharged ions are split to forward ions and backward ions, and the ratio of the backward ions to forward ions decreases exponentially with laser intensity. The decreasing of backward ions is probably due to Coulomb scattering by the heavier I"+ ions when they turn around through the laser focus point. The linear dependence of kinetic energy of multicharged ions on laser intensity is interpreted by the ionization mechanism, in which the laser induced inverse ...

2006-03-20

452

Characterisation of passive films formed on low carbon steel in borate buffer solution (pH 9.2) by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

The comprehension of passivity and its protective character against corrosion is closely connected with the electronic properties of passive films. Passive films formed anodically on carbon steel in borate/boric acid solution, pH 9.2, have been characterised by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Mott-Schottky plots and impedance measurements were made on films formed at different potentials and times. The investigation allowed the determination of the semiconductive properties of the films. The results of the capacitance response indicate that the passive films behave like highly doped n-type semiconductors, showing that the passive film properties are dominated by iron. The value of donors density (N {sub D}) for the passive film is of the order of 10{sup 21} cm{sup -3} and decreases with increasing formation time and potential, indicating that defects decrease with increasing film thickness. Based on the information about the ...

2005-12-15

453

Changes of magnetization transfer ratio according to rat brain development

The comprehension of passivity and its protective character against corrosion is closely connected with the electronic properties of passive films. Passive films formed anodically on carbon steel in borate/boric acid solution, pH 9.2, have been characterised by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Mott-Schottky plots and impedance measurements were made on films formed at different potentials and times. The investigation allowed the determination of the semiconductive properties of the films. The results of the capacitance response indicate that the passive films behave like highly doped n-type semiconductors, showing that the passive film properties are dominated by iron. The value of donors density (N _D) for the passive film is of the order of 10"2"1 cm"-"3 and decreases with increasing formation time and potential, indicating that defects decrease with increasing film thickness. Based on the information about the physical ...

2005-12-15

454

Carbon nanotube coating silicon doped with Cr as a high capacity anode

We assessed the age-related changes in magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) value and the ratio of water content in rat brain (frontal lobe and pons) during normal development. All studies were done on 42 normal Wistar rats. MTR was calculated by using the equation (M_o_f_f-M_o_n)/M_o_f_f, where M_o_f_f and M_o_n were the measured signal intensities on the conventional and MT-prepared SPGR images, respectively. The ratios of water content were measured by comparing the wet weight with the dry weight of the frontal lobe and the pons, which were extracted from a rat brain soon after MTR measurements. The ratio of water content was calculated by using the equation 100 x (wet weight-dry weight)/wet weight (%). The ratio of water content decreased markedly during the first 30 days, but the decrease was very slight there after both in the frontal lobe and the pons. The change in MTR was similar to that of the ratio of water content, though the ...

455

Capacitance behaviour of passive films on ferritic and austenitic stainless steel

Effects of dopant and coating carbon nanotube on anodic performance of Si were studied for metallic anode Li ion rechargeable battery with large capacity. Although the large Li intercalation capacity higher than 1500mAhg{sup -1} is exhibited on pure Si, it decreased drastically with increasing cycle number. Increasing the electrical conductivity by doping Cr or B is effective for increasing the initial capacity and the cycle stability of Si for Li intercalation. Coating semiconductive Si with the carbon nanotube by decomposition of hydrocarbon is effective for increasing the cycle stability, though the initial Li intercalation capacity slightly decreased. Conducting binder is also important for increasing the cycle stability and it was found that Li intercalation capacity higher than 1500mAhg{sup -1} can be sustained by using poly vinyliden fruolide. Consequently, reversible Li intercalation capacity of 1500mAhg{sup -1} was successfully ...

2005-08-26

456

Capacitance behaviour of passive films on ferritic and austenitic stainless steel

The electrochemical behaviour of passive films formed on one austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) and one ferritic stainless steel (AISI 446) in solutions with pH between 0.6 and 8.4 was studied by capacitance measurements and photocurrent spectroscopy. Compositional characterization of the passive films was done by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The capacitance increases with decreasing pH. Doping densities evaluated from Mott-Schottky plots are in the range 2-6 x 10{sup 20} cm{sup -3} and increased with the pH in the neutral/alkaline range while in pH 0.6, values above 10{sup 21} cm{sup -3} were found. The bandgap energy indicates two transitions, at 2.5-2.8 and 3.2 eV. The analytical data reveal that, as the pH increased, the films become enriched in Fe(II) and Fe(III), whereas the Cr(III) gradually decreases. The films formed at very low pH had a behaviour that contrasts with that of the films formed in the neutral/alkaline media. The ...

2005-03-01

457

Biosorption of stable cesium by chemically modified biomass of Sargassum glaucescens and Cystoseira indica in a continuous flow system

The electrochemical behaviour of passive films formed on one austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) and one ferritic stainless steel (AISI 446) in solutions with pH between 0.6 and 8.4 was studied by capacitance measurements and photocurrent spectroscopy. Compositional characterization of the passive films was done by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The capacitance increases with decreasing pH. Doping densities evaluated from Mott-Schottky plots are in the range 2-6 x 10"2"0 cm"-"3 and increased with the pH in the neutral/alkaline range while in pH 0.6, values above 10"2"1 cm"-"3 were found. The bandgap energy indicates two transitions, at 2.5-2.8 and 3.2 eV. The analytical data reveal that, as the pH increased, the films become enriched in Fe(II) and Fe(III), whereas the Cr(III) gradually decreases. The films formed at very low pH had a behaviour that contrasts with that of the films formed in the neutral/alkaline media. The films are ...

2005-03-01

458

Bevacizumab as a treatment option for radiation-induced cerebral necrosis

Pretreatment of biosorbents have been suggested to modify the surface characteristics which could improve biosorption process. Stable cesium biosorption was studied in continuous fixed-bed column by chemically modified biosorbents. Two kinds of brown algae (Sargassum glaucescens and Cystoseira indica) were treated with chemical agents including formaldehyde (FA), glutaraldehyde (GA), potassium hexacyanoferrate (HCF), FA and HCF, and GA and HCF. The highest biosorption capacity (BC) was obtained from C. indica treated with FA (63.5 mg Cs/g biomass) and S. glaucescens treated with FA and HCF (62 mg Cs/g biomass). To study the effect of the best treatments on the BC, the concentration of each treatment agent was decreased. With decreasing FA agent for C. indica treatment, the BC dropped. Treatment of 1 g S. glaucescens biomass with 2.2 g FA and then 0.18 g HCF resulted in the highest BC (73.08 mg Cs/g dry biomass) which was 35.8 times higher than ...

2008-11-30

459

Behavioral interactions increase pregnancy blocking by unfamiliar male meadow voles.

Radiation necrosis of normal CNS tissue represents one of the main risk factors of brain irradiation, occurring more frequently and earlier at higher total doses and higher doses per fraction. At present, it is believed that the necrosis results due to increasing capillary permeability caused by cytokine release leading to extracellular edema. This process is sustained by endothelial dysfunction, tissue hypoxia, and subsequent necrosis. Consequently, blocking the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at an early stage could be an option to reduce the development of radiation necrosis by decreasing the vascular permeability. This might help to reverse the pathological mechanisms, improve the symptoms and prevent further progression. A patient with radiation-induced necrosis was treated with an anti-VEGF antibody (bevacizumab), in whom neurologic signs and symptoms improved in accordance with a decrease in T1-weighted fluid-attenuated ...

2011-02-01

460

Bacterial Pili exploit integrin machinery to promote immune activation and efficient blood-brain barrier penetration.

Unfamiliar male meadow voles induce pregnancy disruptions when they are in physical contact with females, but the presence of the female's original mate partially protects her from the blocking effects of an unfamiliar male. This research examines how behavioral interactions affect pregnancy disruptions by testing two hypotheses: a) original males protect females by reducing the aggressive interactions between females and strange males; and b) administration of clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist that decreases activity, aggression, and sexual motivation, will decrease the pregnancy-blocking ability of strange males. Strange males were more aggressive when the original sire was absent, indicating that this change in behavior may be related to their greater success in disrupting pregnancy. When injected with clonidine, males were less likely to block pregnancy, and they showed less contact and mating behavior than when they ...

1996-10-01

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461

Assisted reproductive technologies for male factor infertility.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of meningitis in newborn infants. Bacterial cell surface appendages, known as pili, have been recently described in streptococcal pathogens, including GBS. The pilus tip adhesin, PilA, contributes to GBS adherence to blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelium; however, the host receptor and the contribution of PilA in central nervous system (CNS) disease pathogenesis are unknown. Here we show that PilA binds collagen, which promotes GBS interaction with the ?(2)?(1) integrin resulting in activation of host chemokine expression and neutrophil recruitment during infection. Mice infected with the PilA-deficient mutant exhibit delayed mortality, a decrease in neutrophil infiltration and bacterial CNS dissemination. We find that PilA-mediated virulence is dependent on neutrophil influx as neutrophil depletion results in a decrease in BBB permeability and GBS-BBB penetration. Our results suggest that the ...

2011-09-06

462

Application of pressure oxidation for the decomposition of organic pollutants in highly contaminated waters and suspensions as an alternative to hazardous-waste incineration. Final report; Anwendung der Druckoxidation fuer den Abbau organischer Schadstoffe in hochkontaminierten Waessern und Suspensionen als Alternative zur Sonderabfallverbrennung. Schlussbericht

Experience in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility has led to an increased understanding of the prominent role male factors play in many couples' inability to conceive. While many forms of male factor infertility are amenable to treatment, for some patients there is no corrective therapy available. For this reason, a great deal of attention has been focused on developing technologies for semen processing and sperm utilization in cases of decreased semen quality. One area of research is the development of more sophisticated methods of assessing sperm function, as well as methods of sperm preparation. Progress is also being made in the application of technologies such as intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization in the treatment of male factor infertility. Such developments have improved prospects for fertility among patients suffering from decreased semen quality, as well as those suffering from such disorders as ejaculatory ...

1991-10-01

463

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater from a food-manufacturing plant with a low concentration of organic matter and regeneration of usable pure water

The results of the experiments on the pressure oxidation of oil and fat in waste waters shows that the final COD and TOC values decrease with growing temperature and reaction time and decreasing initial concentration. Oxidation of oil and fat in waste water is no straight forward procedure. Therefore it should be compared in the individual case with laternative methods in terms of cost and economic efficiency. (EF) [Deutsch] Die Ergebnisse der Versuche zur Druckoxidation von Oel und Fett in Abwaessern zeigten, dass sich die CSB- und TOC- Endkonzentration verringerte mit steigender Temperatur, Reaktionszeit und verringerter Ausgangskonzentration. Die Oxidierbarkeit von Oel und Fett in Abwaessern ist sehr schwierig. Deshalb sollte in jedem Einzelfall ein Vergleich mit alternativen Verfahren bezueglich Aufwand und Wirtschaftlichkeit vorgenommen werden. (EF)

1993-03-30

464

An open-label study of naltrexone and bupropion combination therapy for smoking cessation in overweight and obese subjects

Wastewater from a food-manufacturing plant with a low concentration of organic matter was treated at 37 centigrade in an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor or in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket. As the influent TOC (total organic carbon) concentration decreased, the TOC removal efficiency in these reactors decreased from 85% to 65%. The concentration of suspended solids in the effluent could be reduced to 20 mg/l, which corresponded to 7% of that in the influent. The effluent from both reactors was treated aerobically in a fixed-bed reactor. The TOC concentration and optical density of effluent from the aerobic treatment were reduced to 5 mg/l and 0.005, respectively. When the effluent treated anaerobically or aerobically was passed over an activated carbon column, the effluent TOC concentration was reduced to 2 to 3 mg/l. The conductivity in raw wastewater was remarkably reduced on an ion-exchange resin column. Ultra-pure water for industrial ...

1994-03-25

465

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A combination of sustained release (SR) naltrexone (32mg/day) and bupropion SR (360mg/day) plus behavioral counseling was evaluated for the treatment of smoking cessation and mitigation of nicotine withdrawal and weight gain. Thirty overweight or obese nicotine-dependent subjects were enrolled in a 24-week, open-label study; 85% and 63% completed 12 and 24weeks, respectively. The target quit date was Week 4. Week 4-12 continuous abstinence rate was 48%, 78% of subjects achieved CO 10ppm, serum cotinine decreased from 185 to 48mg/L, and tobacco use decreased from 129 to 14 cigarettes/week. Similar results were seen at Week 24. Body weight was essentially unchanged (Week 12: -0.1%; Week 24: +0.4%). Except for a transient significant increase 1week after the target quit date (p<0.05), nicotin...

2010-01-01

466

An analysis of initial thickness and thinning status of feeder pipes in Wolsung unit 1

An analysis of initial thickness and thinning status of feeder pipes in Wolsung unit 1

The initial thichnesses of feeder pipes in Wolsung-1 are analyzed to estimate status of feeder thinning. The assumption of the estimation is that feeders of same type are decreased to same thickness by bending and have same thickness after bending. Following three methods are used to estimated thicknesses of the remains besides 52 feeders with initial thickness data in Wolsung-1. First is the estimating initial thickness of same type in Wolsung-1 from initial thickness data of Wolsung-2, -3 and -4. Second is the finding average value of each type from 52 initial thickness data of Wolsung-1. Last is the finding the thickness-after-bending of Wolsung-1 from thickness decrease rate of each type by bending in Wolsung-2, -3 and -4. The first method is eliminated by thickness-before-bending of Wolsung-1 lower than that of Wolsung 2, 3 and 4. The thinning rates of 2nd and 3rd method are compared with the {sup C}ANDU Feeder FAC Rate Analysis ...

2001-05-01

467

Acidic and neutral polar NSO compounds in Smackover oils of different thermal maturity revealed by electrospray high field Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

The initial thichnesses of feeder pipes in Wolsung-1 are analyzed to estimate status of feeder thinning. The assumption of the estimation is that feeders of same type are decreased to same thickness by bending and have same thickness after bending. Following three methods are used to estimated thicknesses of the remains besides 52 feeders with initial thickness data in Wolsung-1. First is the estimating initial thickness of same type in Wolsung-1 from initial thickness data of Wolsung-2, -3 and -4. Second is the finding average value of each type from 52 initial thickness data of Wolsung-1. Last is the finding the thickness-after-bending of Wolsung-1 from thickness decrease rate of each type by bending in Wolsung-2, -3 and -4. The first method is eliminated by thickness-before-bending of Wolsung-1 lower than that of Wolsung 2, 3 and 4. The thinning rates of 2nd and 3rd method are compared with the "CANDU Feeder FAC Rate Analysis model' ...

2001-05-01

468

A modeling and experimental study of flue gas desulfurization in a dense phase tower.

Negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with high field Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) allows for the direct detection of acidic NSO compounds in petroleum. The technique requires no chromatographic separation, is able to distinguish 18 different compound classes (e.g., neutral nitrogen, carboxylic acids and oxygenates), and can identify {approx}14,000 distinct masses by ultra-high mass resolution and mass accuracy. We previously studied three crude oils from different geological origins [Organic Geochemistry 33 (2002b) 743-759]. Here, we expand our research by comparing two source-equivalent Smackover oils of different levels of thermal maturity. We observe clear differences in the distribution of NSO compound classes, types (number of rings plus double bonds within a class), and number of alkyl carbons. With increasing thermal stress, the relative amount of sulfur and oxygen containing compounds decreases, ...

2004-07-01

469

A critical review of behavioural treatments for chronic benign pain other than headache.

We used a dense phase tower as the reactor in a novel semi-dry flue gas desulfurization process to achieve a high desulfurization efficiency of over 95% when the Ca/S molar ratio reaches 1.3. Pilot-scale experiments were conducted for choosing the parameters of the full-scale reactor. Results show that with an increase in the flue gas flow rate the rate of the pressure drop in the dense phase tower also increases, however, the rate of the temperature drop decreases in the non-load hot gas. We chose a water flow rate of 0.6 kg/min to minimize the approach to adiabatic saturation temperature difference and maximize the desulfurization efficiency. To study the flue gas characteristics under different processing parameters, we simulated the desulfurization process in the reactor. The simulated data matched very well with the experimental data. We also found that with an increase in the Ca/S molar ratio, the differences between the simulation and experimental data tend ...

2011-03-05

470

A MODEL OF THE SPECTRAL EVOLUTION OF PULSAR WIND NEBULAE

Studies of the effectiveness of operant, relaxation, cognitive, and multimodal behavioural approaches to the treatment of chronic benign pain other than headache were evaluated. In general, the quality of the studies was poor, and most investigations lacked appropriate and adequate control conditions, outcome measures, and/or follow-ups. While outcome reports for all four behavioural treatments have been mainly positive, few data were found which conclusively demonstrate that any of the approaches are effective or that they are the treatment of choice. The data do, however, imply that behavioural approaches may help patients lead more normal and productive lives. Specifically, the literature suggests that: (1) the operant method leads to increased activity levels and decreased pain and drug intake, (2) the relaxation approach results in decreased EMG levels and some pain reductions, (3) the cognitive techniques are speculative at this time, and ...

1982-11-01

471

[The study of the mixing layer by the point image method].

We study the spectral evolution of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) taking into account the energy injected when they are young. We model the evolution of the magnetic field inside a uniformly expanding PWN. Considering time-dependent injection from the pulsar and coolings by radiative and adiabatic losses, we solve the evolution of the particle distribution function. The model is calibrated by fitting the calculated spectrum to the observations of the Crab Nebula at an age of a thousand years. The spectral evolution of the Crab Nebula in our model shows that the flux ratio of TeV #gamma#-rays to X-rays increases with time, which implies that old PWNe are faint in X-rays, but not in TeV #gamma#-rays. The increase of this ratio is because the magnetic field decreases with time and is not because the X-ray emitting particles are cooled more rapidly than the TeV #gamma#-ray emitting particles. Our spectral evolution model matches the observed rate of the radio flux ...

2010-06-01

472

Williams et al. Reply (to the Comment by Dumin on "Progress in Lunar Laser Ranging Tests of Relativistic Gravity")

The properties of the mixing layer in dynamic systems were studied by the example of a mathematical model of the cubic image type. Its role in the generation of information and the evolution of its significance was shown. At the moment of generation, information is of zero significance, and this significance then increases. A criterion of efficiency was proposed, and the optimum moment of making a decision in creative work was determined. It was shown that the increase in the variability of the parameters of a living system upon entry into the mixing layer and its decrease upon exit can serve as objective indicators of the transition of the system from one dynamic regime (attractor) to another. PMID:12723364

473

Wettability of binary and ternary alloys of the system Al-Si-Mg with SiC particulates

A decreasing gravitational constant, G, coupled with angular momentum conservation is expected to increrase a planetary semimajor axis, a, as \\dot a/a=-\\dot G/G. Analysis of lunar laser ranging data strongly limits such temporal variations and constrains a local (~1 AU) scale expansion of the solar system as \\dot a/a=-\\dot G/G =-(4\\pm9)\\times10^{-13} yr^{-1}, including that due to cosmological effects.

2006-01-01

474

The effects of gamma irradiation of food contact plastics on the extent of migration of hindered phenol antioxidants into fatty food simulants

The authors have presented results of an investigation of wettability of SiC particulates by liquid alloys of the Al-Si-Mg system. The evaluation of wetting has been carried out through the determination of the threshold pressure for infiltration of packed SiC particulates by the liquid alloy. The results indicate that whereas Si and Mg additions do not affect wetting, in the case of the ternary alloys the contact angle decreases in an amount proportional to the content of Mg[sub 2]Si.

1994-12-01

475

The effect of the precursor nanopowder size on the thermoelectric properties of nanostructured Bi-Sb-Te bulk materials

In view of the interest in the use of gamma irradiation to extend the storage life of pre-packaged foods a report is made on the effects of gamma radiation on the migration of Irganox 1076 and Irganox 1010, antioxidants present in food packaging plastics, into synthetic triglyceride fatty-food simulant HB307 and iso-octane. The extent of migration was assayed by h.p.l.c. techniques. Migration into HB307 and iso-octane decreased steadily as irradiation progressed suggesting that gamma irradiation of packaging materials helps to prevent the contamination of food by antioxidants in the packaging. (U.K.).

476

Scintigraphic detection of a radiologically equivocal fracture

This paper presents the effect of precursor powder size on the thermoelectric properties of sintered nanostructured bulk materials. The transport properties of the nanostructured bulk show a dramatic size effect. There are a lower thermal and electrical conductivity for the bulk with smaller nanopowders. The dimensionless figure-of merit values (ZT) of almost all the samples are much lower than those of the list reported data in the paper because the decrease in the thermal conductivity is counteracted by the reduction in the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient. The combination route of hydro/solvothermal synthesis and spark-plasma-sintering method provide a well controlled way to significantly reduce the thermal conductivity.

2010-12-15

477

Scintigraphic detection of a radiologically equivocal fracture

This case report makes evident that in a 75 years old patient with a (cured) femoral neck fracture 15 years ago a refracture at the same site following a new trauma could not be detected by conventional X-ray. The follow-up of a radionuclide bone study, however, enabled the dignosis of a refracture. From these findings, it is further evident that the decreased bone metabolism in older patients has to be considered. Thus, although the initial bone scan following the trauma is negative, a follow-up scan should be performed within a 4 day-period.

1988-04-01

478

Relaxation oscillations and diffusion chaos in the Belousov reaction

This case report makes evident that in a 75 years old patient with a (cured) femoral neck fracture 15 years ago a refracture at the same site following a new trauma could not be detected by conventional X-ray. The follow-up of a radionuclide bone study, however, enabled the dignosis of a refracture. From these findings, it is further evident that the decreased bone metabolism in older patients has to be considered. Thus, although the initial bone scan following the trauma is negative, a follow-up scan should be performed within a 4 day-period. (orig.).

479

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Asymptotic and numerical analysis of relaxation self-oscillations in a three-dimensional system of Volterra ordinary differential equations that models the well-known Belousov reaction is carried out. A numerical study of the corresponding distributed model-the parabolic system obtained from the original system of ordinary differential equations with the diffusive terms taken into account subject to the zero Neumann boundary conditions at the endpoints of a finite interval is attempted. It is shown that, when the diffusion coefficients are proportionally decreased while the other parameters remain intact, the distributed model exhibits the diffusion chaos phenomenon; that is, chaotic attractors of arbitrarily high dimension emerge.

2011-01-01

480

Preparation of flame resistant fibers from polyacrylonitrile fibers

Placental transfer of 14C-hexoprenaline. [Rabbits

In this article, a continuous stabilization process was used to make flame resistant fibers from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. The effect of the stabilization time and the stretching process during the stabilization process on the physical properties and flammability of the resultant flame resistant fibers was studied. Increased drawing of PAN fibers during the continuous stabilization process was found to decrease the diameter and increase the tensile strength in the resultant flame resistant fibers. These fibers also had higher density. There were no absolute relationships seen between flame-resistance and the formation of stable ladder polymers, density, and oxygen content. ((orig.))

1994-07-27

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

481

Placental transfer of 14C-hexoprenaline

The placental transfer of a single intravenous injection of 14C-hexoprenaline was studied in eight pregnant New Zealand white rabbits. Maternal and fetal blood was sampled intermittently for 60 minutes after the injection. An initial rapid decrease in the levels of 14C-hexoprenaline in maternal blood was followed by a second slower phase, whereas fetal levels remained insignificant. The conclusion, therefore, is that the rapid improvement in fetal heart rate after the administration of a single maternal intravenous injection of hexoprenaline in the treatment of fetal distress is due to the action on the uterus and/or on maternal cardiovascular function, and not to direct stimulation of the fetus.

1982-02-01

482

Mutual recombination and clusterization effect of the vacancy and interstitial barriers on radiation hardening materials

The placental transfer of a single intravenous injection of 14C-hexoprenaline was studied in eight pregnant New Zealand white rabbits. Maternal and fetal blood was sampled intermittently for 60 minutes after the injection. An initial rapid decrease in the levels of 14C-hexoprenaline in maternal blood was followed by a second slower phase, whereas fetal levels remained insignificant. The conclusion, therefore, is that the rapid improvement in fetal heart rate after the administration of a single maternal intravenous injection of hexoprenaline in the treatment of fetal distress is due to the action on the uterus and/or on maternal cardiovascular function, and not to direct stimulation of the fetus.

1982-02-01

483

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

There is proposed the nonlinear model of dose dependence saturation of the yield strength on the base of the vacancy and interstitial barrier interaction in this work. Processes of mutual recombination of vacancy and interstitial barriers and formation of vacancy and interstitial clusters are taken into consideration. In the framework of the model, the analytical equations corresponding to the evolution of the barrier densities and yield strength are obtained. It is shown that the yield strength of irradiated materials decreases with the increasing intensity of barrier recombination processes, the dependence being nonlinear. Also it is shown that the model is valid both for low doses and large doses on the stage of radiation hardening.

2009-01-01

484

Land uplift and relative sea-level changes in the Loviisa area, southeastern Finland, during the last 8000 years

LC-MS characterization of metoclopramide photolysis products

Southeastern Finland belongs to the area covered by the Weichselian ice sheet, where the release of the ice load caused a rapid isostatic rebound during the postglacial time. While the mean overall apparent uplift is of the order of 2 mm/yr today, in the early Holocene time it was several times higher. A marked decrease in the rebound rate occurred around 8500 BP, however, since then the uplift rate has remained high until today, with a slightly decreasing trend towards the present time. According to current understanding there have neither been temporary increases nor decreases in the rate of uplift during the postglacial time. Even so, it is not known for sure whether there are regional irregularities on the rebound in Finland. Concurrently with land uplift, relative sea-level changes in the Baltic basin were also strongly affected by the global eustatic rise of sea-level. During the early Litorina Sea stage on the ...

1999-09-01

485

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The aim of this study was to investigate the photodegradation of the antiemetic drug metoclopramide. Metoclopramide aqueous solutions were photoirradiated at 254nm under argon atmosphere. Irradiated metoclopramide solutions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry in order to characterize photolysis products. Rapid decrease in metoclopramide purity, following first-order kinetic, was observed following irradiation. The structures of 18 photolysis products were tentatively identified based on their mass spectra and fragmentation. The main degradation mechanism was scission of the chlorine which could be followed by polymerization of the resulting products since dimeric and trimeric products were observed.

2009-01-01

486

Ionizing radiation hardening procedure of CCD's

Influence of dietary amino acids on lead absorption

The procedure of charge-coupled devices (CCD) are investigated by using MOS capacitors for enhancing their ionizing radiation tolerance. Authors have found that the gate oxidation temperature, thickness of SiO_2 gate insulator and high temperature processes after gate oxidation are crucial for determining the radiation tolerance of the devices, and proposed to decrease the thickness of gate insulator, perform gate oxidation at 1000 deg C by means of dry oxidation and minimize the number of high temperature procedure steps after gate oxidation. All stated above is a necessary preparation for priducing radiation hardened charge-coupled devices.

487

Improved economies in the use of natural gas

Dietary supplements of about 5 g/kg of a number of amino acids increased tissue lead concentrations in newly weaned rats but decreased them in older rats. The retention of both oral and intraperitoneal lead was affected. The uptake of "2"0"3Pb by tissues was reduced when methionine was given in the diet over a period of 5 weeks or when it or ethionine was given by mouth 24 h before the activity was measured. In the liver the fraction of the total activity found in the nuclei and mitochondria was increased by methionine, but in the kidney only the fraction found in nuclei was increased.

488

Hydrodynamics of swirling flow in a circular tube with sudden increase in cross-section and of the flow through a Borda mouthpiece

Preheating processed materials and combustion air can result in processing and fuel-efficiency gains in industrial smelting furnaces. For example, fuel consumption in reverberatory furnaces used in copper smelting would drop by as much as 63% at the same throughput by preheating the charge in a countercurrent mode to 1400/sup 0/F by exhaust gases that have an initial temperature of 2500/sup 0/F. Concurrent charge preheating would result in a maximum decrease of 46% in natural gas consumption. An analysis of these gains also provides equations for calculating investment returns and nomographs for optimizing charge-preheating temperatures for reverberatory furnaces.

1981-12-01

489

Failure of the Tibial Insert in a Rotating Hinge Total Knee Arthroplasty

By applying the mass, momentum, and angular momentum conservation laws and the maximum flow rate principle to swirling, effectively inviscid, incompressible flows in a circular tube with a sudden expansion and the direct-flow and reversed-flow Borda mouthpieces the dependence of the flow rate coefficient and mechanical energy losses on the radius ratio and nondimensional circulation is obtained. Several calculating approaches with potential and helical motion are introduced and investigated. In the case of helical motion, as the swirl decreases the axial core of the flow is found to close with a sudden change of the flow parameters.

1994-11-01

490

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

There has been a steady increase in the number of revision total knee arthroplasties being performed in the United States. Hinge knee prostheses are used predominantly in complex primary or revision arthroplasties, often as salvage procedures. Significant improvement of the articulation between the rotating hinge mechanism and tibial component has decreased the stresses that contributed to earlier failures in previous generation designs. Two cases of fracture of the tibial metal post in the rotating hinge of a revision total knee arthroplasty were evaluated and treated at our institution within a 1-month period. We present our experience with this construct failure and subsequent patient management.

2011-01-01

491

Evolution of the white dwarf mass and spin in cataclysmic variables

Damage mechanism in high temperature fatigue of alloy 800 H

We consider the spin-up of the white dwarf in non-magnetic cataclysmic variables (CVs) during secular evolution. If this is unresisted, CVs are quenched as boundary-layer emitters once the binary period has decreased by #approx# 1 hr. Angular momentum loss in nova explosions may, however, prevent the star reaching breakup. If the explosions remove (1 + #epsilon#) x the mass accreted between outbursts, values 0.5 < #approx# #epsilon# < #approx# 1 allow CVs to be modest boundary-layer emitters for most of their lifetimes. Spectral effects will limit their detection as soft X-ray sources. (author).

492

Comparative radial distribution analysis of the short range order in metallic glass Al_0_._9_1La_0_._0_9 and crystalline Al_1_1La_3

In order to investigate the influence of grain boundary cavities on the life time of Alloy 800 H various fatigue tests have been performed at 800/sup 0/C. Cavity formation has been observed only in asymmetrical tests. Compared to the corresponding symmetrical tests, the cyclic life time is shorter. As the cavitation damage increases, the ratio of life times in vacuum and in air steadily decreases from an initial value of 5. In extreme cases it can reach a value close to 1. In this case, cavitation damage dominates over the usual damage mechanism, which is cracks from the surface.

1986-09-01

493

Chiral solitons in nuclei: Electromagnetic form factors

XAFS data of metallic glass Al_0_._9_1La_0_._0_9 and a crystalline phase Al_1_1La_3 formed by annealing of the glass were measured at the La L_3 edge at T=12 K and analyzed using the radial distribution function method. The shortest La-Al distance appeared to be distinctively smaller within the glass than in the crystal. This difference decreases the disparity in size of La and Al in the alloy, allowing their mixing in the glassy state. ((orig.)).

1994-09-02

494

Bend loss for channel plasmon polaritons

We calculate the electromagnetic form factors of a bound proton. The chiral quark-soliton model provides the quark and antiquark substructure of the proton, which is embedded in nuclear matter. This procedure yields significant modifications of the form factors in the nuclear environment. The sea quarks are almost completely unaffected, and serve to mitigate the valence quark effect. In particular, the ratio of the isoscalar electric to the isovector magnetic form factor decreases by 20% at Q{sup 2}=1 GeV{sup 2} at nuclear density, and we do not see a strong enhancement of the magnetic moment.

2004-12-01

495

Aspiration cover for the loading site of a belt conveyer

Using near-field optical microscopy, the authors investigate propagation of channel plasmon polaritons excited in the wavelength range of 1425-1640 nm along smoothly bent and split V-shaped grooves milled in a gold film. We find that for 0.6-?m-wide and 1.1-?m-deep grooves bent with the smallest curvature radius of ?0.83 ?m, the double bend (for S bends) and splitting (for Y splitters) losses decrease for longer wavelengths approaching (in the wavelength range of 1600-1640 nm) the levels of ~0 and 0.5 dB, respectively.

2006-10-01

496

Application of the exergy method to environmental impact estimation: The ammonium nitrate production as a case study

An aspiration cover is proposed for the site of loading a belt conveyer including a housing arranged above the belt conveyer in whose cover there is an aspiration sleeve and a discharge chute from the upper wall and a guide having a cushioning plate on the lower end. It is distinguished by the fact that in order to improve the effectiveness of removing dust by decreasing the volume of aspirated air, the cover between the aspiration sleeve and the upper wall of the loading chute is convex in the inside of the housing and has a smooth connection to the upper wall of the discharge chute turned towards the cushioning plate.

1982-01-01

497

Actuating mechanism of a mine combine

The exergy method is used to compare different production processes and various methods for emission abatement with respect to their overall environmental impact. Some ammonium nitrate production processes are studied as examples, because the pollutants (ammonia and ammonium nitrate), emitted from these processes into the air and/or into the water, are really a feedstock and a product from the production process. Therefore, the essential result of the waste flows treatment is the recycling of the pollutants (ammonia and ammonium nitrate) back into the production process, decreasing simultaneously the exergy input and cumulative exergy consumption. (author)

2010-08-15

498

A study on the response time characteristics related to shock control in the hydraulic system using the fluid device

An actuating mechanism of a mine combine is proposed. It includes a rotating platform in a vertical plane on which by hinges with the possibility of rotation parallel to the plane of the platform there are handles with cutting drums and a mechanism for extension of the handle which has hydraulic cylinders. With a decrease in load on the hinges of the handles from bending forces, on the platform between the front edge of the platform and the site of attachment of the handle hinges there are openings. Each handle has a support projection which is placed in this opening with the possibility of movement. A clamp plank is installed on it which covers the opening. The distance from the center of the projection support to the axis of the corresponding hinge is greater than the height of embedding of this hinge into the platform.

1982-01-01

499

"3H thymidine an indicator of benzo(a)pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis: role of quercetin and curcumin

Control of pressure transients in a hydraulic system may be important and necessary to avoid failures and to improve the efficiency of operation. Flow restricting devices can result in a decrease in the peak pressure, but may change the response time. The response time has an important effect on both operator and operator perceived smoothness. The response time should correspond to how fast a system responds to a given disturbance at the system boundary. Occasionally the appropriate response time is not easily determined. This study is on the response time characteristics in the hydraulic system studied for the control of response time.

2001-11-01

500