Science.gov (United States)

... Concerning Persons and Organizations not Affiliated with the Department of Defense," January 7, 1980 (f) DoD 5240.1-R, "Procedures Governing ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The anaerobic biogasification of organic wastes generates two useful products: a medium-Btu fuel gas and a compost-quality organic residue. Although commercial-scale digestion systems are used to treat municipal sewage wastes, the disposal of solid organic wastes, including municipal solid wastes (MSW), requires a more cost-efficient process. Modern biogasification systems employ high-rate, high-solids fermentation methods to improve process efficiency and reduce capital costs. The design criteria and development stages are discussed. These systems are also compared with conventional low-solids fermentation technology.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The IAEA Assessment of Safety Significant Events Team (ASSET) report presents the results of an ASSET team's assessment of their investigation of the effectiveness of the plant for prevention of incidents since 1990 at Zaporozhe nuclear power plant. The results, conclusions and suggestions presented herein reflect the views of the ASSET experts. They are provided for consideration by the responsible authorities in Ukraine. The ASSET team's views presented in this report are based on visits to the plant, on review of documentation made available by the operating organization and on discussions with utility personnel. The report is intended to enhance operational safety at Zaporozhe by proposing improvements to the policy for the prevention of incidents at the plant. The report includes, as a usual practice, the official response of the operating organization as well as of the regulatory body to the ASSET recommendations. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A solid pseudopapillary tumor is an uncommon tumor of the pancreas that rarely metastasizes to other organs and usually shows good prognosis. An extrapancreatic tumor arising from a solid pseudopapillary tumor is very rare. We report a case of an atypical extrapancreatic solid pseudopapillary tumor that arose from the great omentum and disseminated to the peritoneum, and discuss the radiologic findings, including the CT, US, and MRI.

Science.gov (United States)

Jun 4, 2004 ... On a two-year trip to Mars, according to one estimate, a crew of six humans will generate more than six tons of solid organic waste--much of ...

Science.gov (United States)

No abstract available.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Procurement and Assistance Data System (PADS) provides a mechanism for collecting, assembling, organizing, and presenting acquisition and assistance data for the Department of Energy (DOE). This handbook and associated documents establish a uniform system to report acquisition/assistance data to PADS for the collection, processing, and dissemination of official statistical data on the Department's acquisition and assistance actions. The data provides, based on information available at the time of request, a basis for any recurring and special reports to the senior procurement executive, Congress, General Accounting Office (GAO), Federal executive agencies, Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and the general public. PADS is also used to satisfy DOE's statutory reporting requirements to the Office of Management Budget, Congress, and other Federal agencies. Accurate and timely collection of PR data is a key element in this ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This invention pertains to passivation-free solid-state rechargeable batteries composed of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} anode, a solid polymer electrolyte and a high voltage cathode. The solid polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer host, such as polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl sulfone), and poly(vinylidene fluoride), plasticized by a solution of a Li salt in an organic solvent. The high voltage cathode includes LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}, LiCoO{sub 2}, LiNiO{sub 2} and LiV{sub 2}O{sub 5} and their derivatives. 5 figs.

Science.gov (United States)

The official name of this gene is "solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 4." SLC25A4 is the gene's official symbol. The...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ContextResponse Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST (unidimensional)], World Health Organization [WHO (bi-dimensional)] and European Association for Study...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report is organized in a fashion that is intended to explain the legal duties imposed on officials responsible for hazardous waste at each stage of its existence. Section 2 describes federal hazardous waste laws, explaining the legal meaning of hazardous waste and the protective measures that are required to be taken by its generators, transporters, and storers. In addition, penalties for violation of the standards are summarized, and a special discussion is presented of so-called imminent hazard provisions for handling hazardous waste that immediately threatens public health and safety. Although the focus of Sec. 2 is on RCRA, which is the principal federal law regulating hazardous waste, other federal statutes are discussed as appropriate. Section 3 covers state regulation of hazardous waste. First, Sec. 3 explains the system of state enforcement of the federal RCRA requirements on hazardous waste within their borders. Second, Sec. 3 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Large quantities of organic chemicals used in reprocessing spent nuclear-fuels at the Hanford Site have accumulated in underground high-level radioactive waste tanks. The organic content of these tanks must he known so that the potential for hazardous reactions between organic components and sodium nitrate/nitrite salts in the waste can he evaluated. The solubilities of organic compounds described in this report will help determine if they are present in the solid phases (salt cake and sludges) as well as the liquid phase (interstitial liquor/supernate) in the tanks. The solubilities of five significant sodium salts of carboxylic acids and aminocarboxylic acids [sodium oxalate, formate, citrate, nitrilotriacetate (NTA) and ethylendiaminetetraacetate (EDTA)] were measured in a simulated supernate solution at 25 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 40 degrees C, and 50 degrees C.

Science.gov (United States)

... has confirmed at least one instance of this: in 2005, Tanzanian customs officials intercepted a shipment that contained a yellow cake-filled barrel ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Officials of Saturn Machine and Welding Co., describe the company's designs of oven door, door cleaner and jamb cleaner and report performance at US coking plants.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The preparation, crystal structure, and the electrical properties of the compound (ET)/sub 3/Ag/sub x/I/sub 8/ where x = approx. 6.4 and ET is bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene, C/sub 10/S/sub 8/H/sub 8/, are described. The compound possesses a truly two-dimensional polymeric anion, one which combines the structural features of both an organic electronic conductor and an inorganic solid electrolyte. The crystal structure consists of alternating anion and cation donor layers. The compound exhibits high electronic conductivity dominated by the electronic contribution, at least near room temperature.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In world crude oil markets, 1987 was a year of limited recovery and relative stability after the dramatic price slide of early 1986. Both foreign and domestic crude thereafter, ending the year somewhat higher than a year ago. In contrast, product wholesale markets remained relatively stable throughout the year, while retail prices sustained a fairly steady increase. As has been the case for over a decade, major price movements in international oil markets generally reflected responses to actual or perceived changes in the policies of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and/or its members. The year began with prices on an upward trend, in reaction to the December 1986 OPEC meeting in which the members resolved to return to an official pricing structure (a departure from the market-based pricing of 1986), and to reduce output quotas. Prices continued to rise until August, when evidence of continued OPEC overproduction ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sol-gel chemistry has a great many potential applications in the preparation of unique electrochemical materials, from non-equilibrium transition metal oxides which may be of use as high energy density electrodes, to high-surface area mixed oxides which may possess high proton conductivity, to novel composite structures consisting of inorganic gels in combination with organic, electronic, and ionic conductors. This paper reviews prior work on proton conduction in gel systems and presents recent work regarding electrode materials prepared by sol-gel methods and inorganic-organic materials.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The treatment of peat with the solutions of phosphoric, citric, and oxalic acids in concentrations of 10???4 and 10???2 mol/l at solid phase to liquid ratios of 1: 2.5 and 1: 5 increased the absorption of ammonia by 6.4???39.7%. The absorption of ammonia was higher than the concentration of doping ion-exchange groups by a factor of 5???2000. With the use of EPR and IR spectroscopy, it was found that this phenomenon was caused by the transformation of polyconjugation systems as a result of the interaction of acids with the organic matrix of peat by a macrocoordination mechanism, which also improved the technological characteristics of the resulting sorbents. The absence of the destruction of organic matter with the use of low concentrations of weak acids makes it possible to use these sorbe...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper advances hypotheses on the chemistry of the interaction of thorium and yttrium with organic-inorganic salts of molybdenum polyacids. On the basis of an analysis of the data of an adsorption experiment and the quantitative relationships that follow from the law of mass action, it is shown that thorium is absorbed by the solid phase by coprecipitation with the participation of complex formation, while the coprecipitation of yttrium with salts of polyacids is due to a reaction of ion exchange chemisorption.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sediment trap fluxes of solids, organic carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in Lake Superior in 1984 and 1985. Mass fluxes from surface waters ranged from 0.14 to 1.1 g/m{sup 2}{center dot}day and increased near the lake floor due to resuspension of surficial sediment and horizontal transport in the benthic nepheloid layer. Organic matter fluxes from surface water ranged from 60 to 90 mg of C/m{sup 2}{center dot}day, with {approximately}5% of organic carbon settling from surface waters accumulating in bottom sediments. Concentrations of PCBs and PAHs are enriched 10-100 times on settling particles relative to those on suspended particles. Resultant settling fluxes are 10-100 times greater for several PCB and PAH compounds than net accumulation rates in bottom sediments, indicating the effective and rapid recycling in the benthic region. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An overview is presented of the US heating and space conditioning market, with specific emphasis on the type of fuel used. The author highlights he drive of electric utilities to increase their penetration in the space heating markets, and showed how geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) were recognized by utilities as an electrotechnology for all seasons; beneficial for customers, electric utilities and the environment. Then he focused on the utility driven National Earth Comfort Program (officially Geothermal Heat Pump Technology Demonstration and Market Mobilization Program) is a collaborative effort with the US Department of Energy and other public and private sector organizations. It will be implemented by the Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium, Inc. (GHPC), and is designed for the utility industry`s Climate Challenge under the President`s Climate Change Action Plan. The program has a budget of 100 million US$ until the year 2000. Program goals ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Collective dose equivalent and population dose from occupational exposures in Japan, 1988 were estimated on the basis of a nationwide survey. The survey was conducted on annual collective dose equivalents by sex, age group and type of radiation work for about 0.21 million workers except for the workers in nuclear power stations. The data on the workers in nuclear power stations were obtained from the official report of the Japan Nuclear Safety Commission. The total number of workers including nuclear power stations was estimated to be about 0.26 million. Radiation works were subdivided as follows: medical works including dental; non-atomic energy industry; research and education; atomic energy industry and nuclear power station. For the determination of effective dose equivalent and population dose, organ or tissue doses were measured with a phantom experiment. The resultant doses were compared with the doses previously calculated using a chord ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Developing and deploying innovative environmental cleanup technologies is an important goal for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), which faces challenging remediation problems at contaminated sites throughout the United States. Achieving meaningful, constructive stakeholder involvement in cleanup programs, with the aim of ultimate acceptance of remediation decisions, is critical to meeting those challenges. DOE`s Office of Technology Development sponsors research and demonstration of new technologies, including, in the past, the Volatile Organic Compounds Arid Site Integrated Demonstration (VOC-Arid ID), hosted at the Hanford Site in Washington State. The purpose of the VOC-Arid ID has been to develop and demonstrate new technologies for remediating carbon tetrachloride and other VOC contamination in soils and ground water. In October 1994 the VOC-Arid ID became a part of the Contaminant Plume Containment and Remediation Focus Area (Plume Focus Area). The VOC ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Extraction of hemicellulose from hardwood chips prior to pulping is a possible method for producing ethanol and acetic acid in an integrated forest bio-refinery, adding value to wood components normally relegated to boiler fuel. Hemicellulose was extracted from hardwood chips using green liquor, a pulping liquor intermediate consisting of aqueous NaOH, Na2CO3, and Na2S, at 160degreeC, held for 110min in a 20L rocking digester. The extracted liquor contained 3.7% solids and had a pH of 5.6. The organic content of the extracts was mainly xylo-oligosaccharides and acetic acid. Because it was dilute, the hemicellulose extract was concentrated by evaporation in a thin film evaporator. Concentrates from the evaporator reached levels of up to 10% solids. Inhibitors such as acetic acid and sodium ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) contracted with P.S. Lowell and Co. Inc. (Lowell and Co.) and Jay S. Dweck, Consultant, Inc., (JSD) to enhance the capability of ASPEN in simulating coal gasification and oil shale processing plants. Of particular concern was the capability to predict the distribution of environmentally significant components among the various aqueous and organic liquids and gas streams within or leaving the process. The project was divided into major task areas. The first was to develop and implement the calculational routines necessary for predicting aqueous electrolyte chemical reactions. Part of this effort also was to select a species list and collect and/or regress data for the necessary parameters. The second task was to develop and implement a multi-phase flash capability (including precipitated solids) and unit operations models for a venturi and a ...

Science.gov (United States)

and sick leave, and list of awardees. DESTROY WHEN 1. YEAR OLD. [GRS 1-12b] ...... FOR CSRS/FERS. RELATED. RECORDS,. DESTROY UPON. RECEIPT OF. OFFICIAL OPM ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundSurveillance data allow for analysis, providing public health officials and policy-makers with a basis for long-term priorities and timely information on possible outbreaks...Full Text Available

Wastenet

Secretariat of the Basel Convention United Nations Office at Geneva ...such as public utilities, waste disposal sites, large energy dependent facilities including factories, institutions (hospitals, ...it provides immediate identification of PCB wastes, informs company officials of any special handling or disposal techniques

Wastenet

...American Journal of Kidney Diseases-The American Journal of Kidney Diseases (AJKD), the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, is ... American Journal of Kidney Diseases - Elsevier Home Products User Resources About Us Support & Contact Elsevier Websites Advanced Product ...Search Browse Journals American Journal of Kidney Diseases American Journal of Kidney Diseases Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation Additional Information Related Publications ...Article Tracking for Editors Reviewers Advertisers/Sponsors Advertisers Media Kit Societies National Kidney Foundation ISSN: 0272-6386 Imprint: SAUNDERS Actions Submit ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A process is disclosed for the preparation of liquid, storage-stable, polyisocyanate compositions containing a release agent formed in situ which compositions are useful, for example, as binder resins in the formation of particle boards which latter, because of the presence of the release agent, show no tendency to adhere to the face of metal platens used in their formation. The process comprises heating an organic polyisocyanate (polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate preferred) with an acid phosphate (e.g. a mixture of mono-and di-alkyl acid phosphates) under conditions controlled as to time and temperature so as to yield a product which is storage stable and shows no tendency to deposit solid or to separate into two liquid phases.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Raywell Process Plants unit, which reclaims a wide range of organic solvents, including chlorinated hydrocarbons, is based on thin film evaporation and distillation rather than steam distillation, thus reducing the risk of contamination by water. Henry Balfour and Co.'s Pfaudler Solvent Recovery System gives 96% or better solvent recovery and produces a near-solid waste suitable for landfill disposal; like the Raywell system, it uses a mechanically wiped thin-film evaporator. Midland Oil Refineries uses sa Raywell thin-film evaporator for recovery of waste lubricating oils rather than the conventional sulfuric acid/clay treatment, thus avoiding formation of sulfuric acid sludge waste. The Henry Balfour Bioenergy anaerobic digestion system gives yields of fuel gas with 65-75% methane as high as 0.8 cu m/kg BOD; it achieves 95-98% BOD removal with no pH control or nutrient addition because it separates solids ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used to explore the nanometer-scale structure of Nafion, the widely used fuel cell membrane, and its composites. We have shown that solid-state NMR can characterize chemical structure and composition, domain size and morphology, internuclear distances, molecular dynamics, etc. The newly-developed water channel model of Nafion has been confirmed, and important characteristic length-scales established. Nafion-based organic and inorganic composites with special properties have also been characterized and their structures elucidated. The morphology of Nafion varies with hydration level, and is reflected in the changes in surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio of the polymer obtained by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The S/V ratios of different Nafion models have been evaluated numerically. It has been found that only the water channel model gives the measured S/V ratios in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on various metal, semiconductor or insulator substrates can be easily modified with specific functional groups of interest and have promising applications in surface wetting (hydrophobic/hydrophilic modification), tribology, corrosion protection, sensor electrodes modification, molecular and biomolecular recognition, protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and molecular- or organic-electronic device fabrications. In this paper, we highlight recent progress in the development of SAMs on solid substrates as well as their practical applications, with particular emphasis on the characterization of self-assembled aromatic thiol monolayers with different functional groups on Au(1 1 1) using synchrotron-based photoemission spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements. The SAM-related molecular orientation, electronic structures, and chemical bonding are presented. Using copper(II) phthalocyanine ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wastewater from a food-manufacturing plant with a low concentration of organic matter was treated at 37 centigrade in an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor or in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket. As the influent TOC (total organic carbon) concentration decreased, the TOC removal efficiency in these reactors decreased from 85% to 65%. The concentration of suspended solids in the effluent could be reduced to 20 mg/l, which corresponded to 7% of that in the influent. The effluent from both reactors was treated aerobically in a fixed-bed reactor. The TOC concentration and optical density of effluent from the aerobic treatment were reduced to 5 mg/l and 0.005, respectively. When the effluent treated anaerobically or aerobically was passed over an activated carbon column, the effluent TOC concentration was reduced to 2 to 3 mg/l. The conductivity in raw wastewater was remarkably reduced on an ion-exchange resin column. Ultra-pure ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The generation of industrial solid wastes containing leachable species of environmental concern is a problem for developing and developed nations alike. These materials arise from direct processing of mineral ores, from production of metals and minerals, from manufacturing operations, and from air and water pollution treatment processes. The general characteristics that make these wastes intractable is that their content of hazardous species is not easily liberated from the waste yet is not bound so tightly that they are safe for landfill disposal or industrial use. The approach taken in this work is a thermal treatment that separates the inorganic contaminants from the wastes. The objective is to provide recovery and reuse of both the residual solids and liberated contaminants. The results from operating this technique using two very different types of waste are described. The reasons that the process will work for a wide variety of wastes are ...

CERN Document Server

Solid-state communications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pilot-scale pyrolysis units have been in operation since 1980 to test the efficiency of thermal treatment of transuranic (TRU) solid waste to retrieve the TRUs and to reduce the volume of wastes such as spent solvent, spent resin, and others. These wastes are generated by reprocessing, fuel production, and utilities. NUKEM has developed a criticality-safe, ring-slab reactor to decompose solid TRU waste. The plant processes 25 kg/h with a polyvinyl chloride content up to 70%. The overall throughput (inactive) up to the spring of 1982 was 2000 kg. The decontamination factor for the reactor itself is 1000. The liquid wastes, mainly spent solvent, are cracked under nitrogen at 400 to 700/sup 0/C in a reactor that is filled by a packed bed kept in motion by a specially designed agitator. This unit was built for 15 kg/h water equivalent evaporation. Up to 1982 the unit processed 2000 kg of spent solvent (simulated) overall. The decontamination factor ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Accomplishments for the quarter are presented for the following areas of research: oil shale, tar sand, coal, advanced exploratory process technology, and jointly sponsored research. Oil shale research includes; oil shale process studies, environmental base studies for oil shale, and miscellaneous basic concept studies. Tar sand research covers process development. Coal research includes; underground coal gasification, coal combustion, integrated coal processing concepts, and solid waste management. Advanced exploratory process technology includes; advanced process concepts, advanced mitigation concepts, and oil and gas technology. Jointly sponsored research includes: organic and inorganic hazardous waste stabilization; development and validation of a standard test method for sequential batch extraction fluid; operation and evaluation of the CO[sub 2] HUFF-N-PUFF Process; fly ash binder for unsurfaced road aggregates; solid ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Extra-fine powdered activated charcoal has been used as stationary phase (coating layer) in solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The efficiency and reliability of the prepared device have been investigated for the extraction of some volatile organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEX) from the headspace of water samples. Monitoring of the extracted compounds and further quantitative analysis of the real samples have been performed by capillary GC-FID. Effects of several factors such as temperature, addition of salt, and stirring speed on extraction efficiency and exposure time have been studied. Under optimum conditions, extraction recoveries for these compounds from 50 mL water were >95%. The calibration graphs were linear in the range 5 to 10{sup 4} pg mL{sup -1} and the detection limit for each BTEX compound was 1.5-2 pg mL{sup -1}. The results obtained by use of this porous layer activated charcoal ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The interaction between molecules and solid surfaces plays important roles in various applications, including catalysis, sensors, nanoelectronics, and solar cells. Surprisingly, a full understanding of molecule-surface interaction at the quantum mechanical level has not been achieved even for very simple molecules, such as water. In this mini-review, we report recent progresses and current status of studies on interaction between representative molecules and surfaces. Taking water/metal, DNA bases/carbon nanotube, and organic dye molecule/oxide as examples, we focus on the understanding on the microstructure, electronic property, and electron-ion dynamics involved in these systems obtained from first-principles quantum mechanical calculations. We find that a quantum mechanical description ...

Science.gov (United States)

Direct plating, selective enrichment, and cold enrichment followed by secondary selective enrichment procedures were compared for detecting and enumerating Listeria monocytogenes in chopped cabbage stored at 5 degrees C for up to 64 days. Addition of Fe3+ to solid media enhanced detection of the organism. Cold enrichment (5 degrees C) in nutrient broth and brain heart infusion broth followed by secondary enrichment (48 h, 30 degrees C) in Trypticase soy-yeast extract-antibiotic broth and thiocyanate-nalidixic acid broth and plating on selective agar media (Doyle and Schoeni selective enrichment agar [minus acriflavin hydrochloride, supplemented with 5 micrograms of Fe3+/ml] and McBride Listeria agar) resulted in the detection of highest populations. PMID:3111369

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Invading melanoma spreads to local and unpredictable distant location at the early stages of its development. It is justifiable, therefore, to classify the disease as a systemic disorder. This requires a systemic treatment that reaches all melanoma cells irrespective of whether they are singly dispersed and in circulation or already forming solid tumours of various sizes. Targeted radiotherapy affects directly and selectively cancer cells provided an appropriate radionuclide and its carrier are chosen. Melanoma is a pigmented tumour. Methylene blue (MTB)) accumulates selectively in melanoma cells due to its exceptionally high affinity to melanin. MTB serves, therefore, as a carrier for radionuclides. "2"1"1At-MTB has proved to be particularly effective in treating disseminated melanoma when administered systemically and, at the same time, non-toxic to normal non-pigmented and pigmented organs. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abstract: We report for the selective-area chemical synthesis of semiconductor single-crystal organic nanowires of silver-tetracyanoquinodimethane (Ag-TCNQ). Straight and smooth Ag-TCNQ nanowires can be produced and patterned on micrometer and nanometer scale on silicon substrates covered with a thin layer of Ag film through the reaction of TCNQ and Ag in a simple gas-solid chemical reaction process. Ag-TCNQ nanowires are characterized by UV-vis, IR and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The Ag-TCNQ nanowires grows preferentially along the [100] direction of strong - stacking of Ag-TCNQ molecules. Nanodevices based on these nanowires are fabricated using focus ion beam (FIB) technique. Electrical properties are characterized and I-V hysteresis is observed, which shows memory effect with electrical switching of three orders on-off ratio. These nanowires could be potential for use in optical storage, ultrahigh-density nanoscale memory and logic ...

Science.gov (United States)

A rickettsia related to but distinct from the spotted fever agent, Rickettsia rickettsii, has been detected in 167 (18.9%) of 884 Rhipicephalus sanguineus taken off dogs in central and northern Mississippi. The organisms could readily be isolated in male meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), where it produced massive infections in the tissues of tunica vaginalis. It was practically nonpathogenic for male guinea pigs, although inoculation of these animals with infected tunica vaginalis of voles afforded in 30 of 38 instances solid immunity to challenge with virulent R. rickettsii. The Rhipicephalus rickettsia grew well in monolayers of chicken embryo fibroblast, Vero, mouse L, and HeLa cells. Cytopathogenic effects were minimal unless large concentrations of rickettsiae were used as inocula. It also could be established in embryonated hen eggs but only after injection of massive doses of L cell-propagated organisms. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Global meat and milk consumption is exponentially increasing due to population growth, urbanization and changes in lifestyle in the developing world. This is an excellent opportunity for developing countries to improve the livestock sector by using technological advances. Biotechnology is one of the avenues for improved production in the "Livestock revolution". Biotechnology developments applied to livestock health, nutrition, breeding and reproduction are improving with a reasonable pace in developing countries. Simple bio-techniques such as artificial insemination have been well implemented in many parts of the developing world. However, advanced technologies including transgenic plant vaccines, marker assisted selection, solid state fermentation for the production of fibrolytic enzymes, transgenic fodders, embryo transfer and animal cloning are confined largely to research organizations. Some developing countries such as Taiwan, China and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report summarizes the Groundwater Monitoring Program conducted by SRS during third quarter 1998. It includes the analytical data, field data, data review, quality control, and other documentation for this program; provides a record of the program's activities; and serves as an official record of the analytical results.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundCholera has persisted in Ghana since its introduction in the early 70's. From 1999 to 2005, the Ghana Ministry of Health officially reported a total of 26,924 cases and...Full Text Available

Wastenet

... Quenching is one of the most fundamentally complex processes in the heat treatment of metals, and it is something on which mechanical properties and distortion of engineering components depend. AU$236.36 ex-GST Terms and Conditions Eyes on the Skies: 400... Adopted as the official book of the International Year of Astronomy (IYA) 2009, this stunningly illustrated history of telescopic discovery spans the range ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Denmark has been one of the first countries in the world to commit itself to a sustainable energy development. This has been substantiated by two official action plans from 1990 and 1996 with emphasis on energy efficiency and supply systems based on renewable energy. In year 2005, renewable energy sources are planned to cover 12-14% and in year 2030 about 35% of total Danish energy demand. This paper reviews the experiences with implementation of renewable energy in Denmark with a focus on wind power and biomass.

Wastenet

... Hale, Markku Kulmala, 373.43 EUR; 225.00 USD; 276.00 GBP... Light Scattering Media Optics Alexander A. Kokhanovsky 159.00 USD; 123.00 EUR; 103.50 GBP... More Journals » MAGAZINES & JOURNALS Water Policy - Official Journal of the World... Water Policy publishes reviews, research papers... ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The industrial application of anaerobic digestion is a relatively new, yet proven waste treatment technology. Anaerobic digestion reduces and upgrades organic waste, and is a good way to control air pollution as it reduces methane and nitrous gas emissions. For environmental and energy considerations, anaerobic digestion is a nearly perfect waste treatment process. However, its economic viability is still in question. A number of parameters - type of waste (solid or liquid), digester system, facility size, product quality and end use, environmental requirements, cost of alternative treatments (including labor), and interest rates - define the investment and operating costs of an anaerobic digestion facility. Therefore, identical facilities that treat the same amount and type of waste may, depending on location, legislation, and end product characteristics, reveal radically different costs. A good approach for evaluating the economics of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose was to develop a simplified and reliable method of separating free from antibody-bound ligand using a precipitating antibody linked to a cellulose derivative. Dose-response curves and control sera were set up in parallel for various pituitary and placental polypeptides, steroid hormones, insulin, glucagon, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, angiotensin I, calcitonin, gastrin, cyclic AMP, and digoxin. After first-antibody reactions had reached equilibrium, free and bound ligand were separated using a double-antibody solid-phase system in parallel with conventional methods, including dextran-coated charcoal, double-antibody precipitation, single-antibody solid phase, organic solvents, salt precipitation, and anion-exchange resins. The effect of variations in temperature, incubation time, protein content, pH, and amount of separating material added were studied. The results showed that separation was complete within 1 hr ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The vomeronasal organ is the primary olfactory organ that detects sexual pheromones in mammals. We investigated the anatomy of the vomeronasal organ of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii),...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The solid particle movement in a rotary drum plays an important role in drying processes. The solid distribution in the drum affects the amount of contact surface between the solid and the gas. The retention time of solids influences the time particles can stay in contact with the gas in order to transfer heat and mass. Any heat and mass transfer model for a solid particle dryer must be able to predict solid flowrate and solid hold-up. There have been several reports in the literature regarding the modeling aspects of solid transport in dryers. If the model is developed for model-based control, it must be simple and yet represent dynamics of the system accurately. This paper addresses solid motion modeling and the effects of different variables involved in solid transport ...

Science.gov (United States)

One of the major problems associated with solid waste processing technologies is the release of

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Executive summaryForewordPublic awareness of solid-state chemistry, or more broadly solid-state science and technology rapidly grew along with the transistor revolution and the development of the integrated circuit. We are now at the half-way point in the solid state century [Scientific American The Solid-State Century 1997;8(1) [special issue

Wastenet

... In order to produce organic livestock feed, feed mills must be inspected and certified. If they produce both organic and non-organic feed, they must implement procedures, backed up by records, to prevent the commingling of organic and non-organic feed. This includes steps to clean storage bins and mixing and bagging equipment prior to producing batches of organic feed. Organic feed mills also must prevent ...

CERN Document Server

Applied and fundamental aspects of plant cell, tissue, and organ culture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Here we reported a two-step procedure for preparing a novel polymeric based solid-solid phase change heat storage material. Firstly, a copolymer monomer containing a polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (MPEG) phase change unit and a vinyl unit was synthesized via the modification of hydrogen group of MPEG. Secondly, by copolymerization of the copolymer monomer and phenyl ethylene, a novel polymeric based solid-solid phase change heat storage material was prepared. The composition, structure and properties of the novel polymeric based solid-solid phase change material were characterized by IR, "1H NMR, DSC, WAXD, and POM, respectively. The results show that the novel polymeric based solid-solid phase change material possesses of excellent crystal properties and high phase change enthalpy.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

ACRO, a NGO equipped with a laboratory to measure radioactivity, runs the Citizen Watchdog of Radioactivity in the Environment. Involving many volunteers, it monitors regularly the French coast of the Channel and many rivers of the North half of France. It also makes investigations in other places. Such an action is aimed to supplement the official monitoring, not to replace it, in order to answer to the worries of the population. This monitoring shows that some radioelements, such as iodine 129, cobalt 60, tritium, etc. released in the environment by nuclear facilities can be detected on very large areas. Carbon 14 was detected up to almost 4 times the background in vegetables around the reprocessing plant of La Hague. ACRO also sits in many official committees to transmit the point of view of the populations exposed to the radioactive pollution. It is lobbying for a decrease of the release authorization, especially for the elements that are ...

Wastenet

... Deisel It's Tru (Official Video) 13,625 views - 7 months ago av97etTfmgA Win3oYHUaz8 4:24Add to Murda City f Burna Back To The Drama Update 68 views - 7 months ago Win3oYHUaz8 S_XiroEv97Y 0:16Add to Speedy (House Of Hits) Co-Signs EXPOSED DVD 2011 48 views - 7 months ago S_XiroEv97Y ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this new industrial chair is to ensure the continuation and development of new research activities in the field of environment protection as it relates to the good management of mine tailings. The mining industry plays a vital role in the economy of a number of regions in both Quebec and Canada and also causes environmental problems due to the generation of liquid, solid, and gaseous wastes. Mine tailings can cause acid mine drainage. This acid mine drainage (AMD) can have detrimental effects on the ecosystems adjoining tailings or waste rock piles. We must remain aware that some of the remedial measures instituted to contain AMD might cause problems due to their possible instability. Despite the fact that instability is a rare occurrence, it can have disastrous effects on the environment as demonstrated in Spain, Guyana, and the Philippines during the last few years. The creation of this chair in environment and tailings management will allow the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of compost addition to soil on fractionation and bioavailability of Cu, Mn, and Zn to four crops. Soils growing Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were amended (by volume) with 0, 20, 40, and 60% Source-Separated Municipal Solid Waste (SS-MSW) compost, and dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and peppermint (Mentha X piperita L.) were amended with 0, 20, 40, and 60% of high-Cu manure compost (by volume). The SS-MSW compost applications increased the concentration of Cu and Zn in all fractions, increased Mn in acid extractable (ACID), iron and manganese oxides (FeMnOX), and organic matter (OM) fractions, but decreased slightly exchangeable-Mn. Addition of 60% high-Cu manure compost to the soil increased Cu EXCH, ACID, FeMnOX, and OM fractions, but decreased EXCH-Mn, and did not change EXCH-Zn. Addition of both composts to soil reduced bioavailability and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The growth kinetics constants and concentration of active attached biomass in an anaerobic fluidized bed which decomposes acetic, propionic and butyric acid were estimated. The mixture of above mentioned fatty acids was supplied to the fluidized bed in the range of hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 0.25 to 2 days. After the effluent reached in a steady state in quality, batch experiments were conducted separately with each fatty acid as a substrate in order to investigate the decomposition characteristics of each substrate by attached biomass. In order to estimate the parameter values of the growth kinetics of the bacteria, batch experiments were also conducted under the completely mixed condition using detached biomass from a support material. The changes of fatty acid concentrations with time were clearly expressed with the Monod growth model. Maximum specific substrate decomposition rates and saturation constants, and active biomass concentrations were obtained by the curve ...

Science.gov (United States)

This study examined the atmospheric pollution created by some waste treatment and disposal facilities in the State of Kuwait. Air monitoring was conducted in a municipal wastewater treatment plant, an industrial wastewater treatment plant established in a petroleum refinery, and at a landfill site used for disposal of solid wastes. Such plants were selected as models for waste treatment and disposal facilities in the Arabian Gulf region and elsewhere. Air measurements were made over a period of 6 months and included levels of gaseous emissions as well as concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Samples of gas and bioaerosols were collected from ambient air surrounding the treatment facilities. The results obtained from this study have indicated the presence of VOCs and other gaseous pollutants such as methane, ammonia, and hydrogen sulphide in air surrounding the waste treatment and disposal facilities. In some cases the levels ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Individual nanoscale building blocks exhibit a wide range of size-dependent properties, since their size can be tuned over known characteristic length scales of bulk materials. In the last several years, the possibility of combining different materials in the form of two and three component nanoparticles (NPs) has been extensively explored. Also multi-component materials can be obtained via self-assembly of NPs from their binary colloidal mixtures. These new nanocrystal solids may possess tunable collective properties that originate from interactions between size and composition controlled building blocks. Exchange coupling between neighboring NPs of magnetically soft and hard materials enhances the magnetic energy product of the nanocomposite material. Randomly mixed solids of small and large semiconducting CdSe NPs revealed enhancement of photoluminescence intensity of large semiconductor particles accompanied by quenching of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Accomplishments for the quarter are presented for the following areas of research: oil shale, tar sand, coal, advanced exploratory process technology, and jointly sponsored research. Oil shale research includes; oil shale process studies, environmental base studies for oil shale, and miscellaneous basic concept studies. Tar sand research covers process development. Coal research includes; underground coal gasification, coal combustion, integrated coal processing concepts, and solid waste management. Advanced exploratory process technology includes; advanced process concepts, advanced mitigation concepts, and oil and gas technology. Jointly sponsored research includes: organic and inorganic hazardous waste stabilization; development and validation of a standard test method for sequential batch extraction fluid; operation and evaluation of the CO{sub 2} HUFF-N-PUFF Process; fly ash binder for unsurfaced road aggregates; solid ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A electrochemical cell is described comprising an anode, a cathode, a solid polymer electrolyte; and a redox shuttle additive to protect the cell against overcharging and a redox shuttle additive to protect the cell against overcharging selected from the group consisting of: (a) a substituted anisole having the general formula shown in a figure (in an uncharged state): where R{sub 1} is selected from the group consisting of H, 0CH{sub 3}, OCH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}, and OCH{sub 2}phenyl, and R{sub 2} is selected from the group consisting of OCH{sub 3}, OCH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}, OCH{sub 2} phenyl, and O{sup {minus}}Li{sup +}; and (b) a di-anisole compound having the general formula shown in a second figure (in an uncharged state): where R is selected from the group consisting of -OCH{sup 3} and -CH{sub 3}, m is either 1 or 0, n is either 1 or 0, and X is selected from the group consisting of -OCH{sub 3} (methoxy) or its lithium salt -O{sup {minus}}Li{sup +}. The lithium salt of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The object and the purpose of the present work was to develop, to assemble and to start running a new TOF (time of flight) mass spectrometer for imaging SNMS analytic which is optimized for the analysis of highly molecular secondary ions. The most important purpose was the characterization of the TOF mass spectrometer. The obtained mass spectra of indium, tantalum and silver clusters reflect the excellent properties of the TOF mass spectrometer for the detection of large clusters with good detection efficiency up to masses of 16000 amu. The possibility of the deflection of selected saturated atom and cluster peaks serves for further improvement of the detection efficiency for large molecules. The accessible mass resolution was determined to be of the order of m/{delta}m=1000 in the high mass region. Numerous measurements were carried out to characterize the useful yield of this spectrometer. For a best possible adaptation of the TOF mass spectrometer for the detection of highly ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Recently, organic semiconducting materials have gained a broad interest due to their potential for organic electronic devices such as organic light emitting diode (OLED), organic photovoltaic devices and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Optical properties of organic semiconducting materials are important for practical application. For example, the power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices is mainly affected by absorption properties of organic materials. Proton irradiation is one of the efficient methods to change the optical properties of organic materials. In this paper, we investigate the changes of optical properties of various polymers using the proton irradiation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A preliminary investigation was conducted on ion specific membranes. This investigation concentrated on testing candidate organic compounds for transporting cesium ions through a membrane composed of the organic compound supported on a substrate. Solid PVC membranes were initially tried, but were found to be too slow. Thereafter, only liquid membranes were tested. These were faster and cesium concentration factors up to 2.96 were achieved in a single membrane cell. A cell with two membranes achieved a cesium concentration factor of 4.19. Cesium precipitation with sodium tetraphenyl borate in high sodium concentrations was explored. No interference from sodium was found until the sodium nitrite concentration reached 4.5 moles. Concurrently, cesium concentrations as high as 5.4 g/L were precipitated. Potassium tetraphenyl borate is being investigated for use in exchange columns for the removal of cesium from solutions. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The samples comprise the foliage of four pteridosperm-medullosalean plant fossil species of differing preservation states and one of a cordaitean species from two Canadian Maritime sub-basins of Carboniferous age (300 Ma; Sydney and Stellarton coalfields, Nova Scotia, respectively). Included in the sample set were some coal samples from Sydney Coalfield, along with published data for coal macerals for comparison. By applying Schulze's maceration process to the fossil foliage to obtain the cuticles, five sample forms evolved, viz. compressions, cuticles and fossilized cuticles, and acidic and alkaline solutions from Schulze's process, to which was added the Sydney coal samples as the sixth form. Area integration of the absorbance spectra from solid and liquid state Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, produced functional chemical parameters which were organized into a data matrix of eight variables and 62 samples (8 ...

Science.gov (United States)

...2009-07-01 false Definition of solid waste. 261.2 Section 261.2 Protection...PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION AND LISTING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE General § 261.2 Definition...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background:Solid pseudopapillary tumor is a rare pancreatic neoplasm with uncertain to low malignant potential. This is an uncommon neoplasm with many pseudonyms, occurring...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

This program deals with solid waste disposal with topics/services covering: Reusable Building Materials and Large Household Items Exchange, Beneficial Use Determination, Biosolids, Certification, Compost Facil...

Science.gov (United States)

May 31, 2011 ... A Theoretical Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Model for System Controls and Stability Design AUTHOR(S): Kopasakis, George; Brinson, Thomas; Credle, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper addresses one source of degradation in OPV devices: the metal/organic interface. The basic approach was to study the completed device stability vs. the stability of the organic film itself as shown in subsequent devices fabricated from the films.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

Role of organic acids in promoting colloidal transport of mercury from mine tailings

Science.gov (United States)

The population growth, changing consumption patterns, and rapid urbanization contribute significantly to the growing volumes of solid waste that are generated in urban settings. As the rate of urbanization increases, demand on the services of solid waste management increases. The rapid urban growth in Langkawi Island, Malaysia, combined with the increasing rates of solid waste production has provided evidence that the traditional solid waste management practices, particularly the methods of waste collection and disposal, are inefficient and quite nonsustainable. Accordingly, municipal managers and planners in Langkawi need to look for and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... deposition evaporation fission products fluorides iodine 134 laboratory

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research investigating applicability of lithium salts for solid electrolyte batteries was described. The studies included determinations of lithium ion conductivities in solid electrolyte systems based on Li4SiO4, LiTi2(PO4)3, and ceramic materials. Research on all solid state lithium cells utilizing TiS2 NiPS3 electrodes was also reported.

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Plasma Technologies of Solid Fuels Processing for Power Engineering and Metallurgy

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The first 750 MW block of the new South Humber Bank gas-fired combined cycle power plant, sited about 300 km north from London, was officially commissioned in September 12th 1997. The project has been a major success story for Imatran Voima Oy (IVO), which developed the concept and managed the project and owns 22.5 % of the plant; and ABB Power Plants Limited, responsible for the turnkey delivery. IVO Generation Services (UK) is responsible for the running and maintenance of the facility. IVO also manages two other existing plants in Britain, at Brigg (240 MW) and Peterborough (360 MW)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The article has three sections. The first discusses the environmental problems the tanker traffic poses to the Norwegian coastal waters and shores. Various precautionary measures and requirements are briefly presented. The size of the present marine transportation and the future Russian marine petroleum activity in the Barents area are briefly mentioned. The second named, conflicting exploration drilling, presents the conflicting interests regarding exploratory drilling in the Barents Sea in Norway. The environmental problems are large and have lead to an on-going reevaluation. Some pollution abatement measures are mentioned. The regional economic development is briefly outlined. The third deals with the Norwegian governmental safety activities and presents a brief survey of the official safety activities in the petroleum sector in Norway and the international cooperation particularly with the Russian Federation. The emphasis is on the maritime security, the safety ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In 1946, the Philippines raised claims in the South China Sea over an area already known as Spratly Islands. This claim advanced through peculiar stages, starting when Thomas Cloma allegedly discovered islands in 1946, later named as Freedomland, and maturing to some extent in 1978 by the governments claim over the so-called Kalayaan Island Group. Considered as an oceanic expansion of its frontiers, this paper reviews the basis of the claim, first over the nature of Clomas activities, and secondly over the measures the Philippine government took as a reaction of Clomas claim of discovery of an area already known in western cartography as the Spratlys. Eventually, what is the nature of the link between the 1978 Kalayaan Islands Groups official claim and 1956 Clomas private one?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Since it was introduced in the early 1940's, mutation breeding has been tested on many crops as modern plant breeding. Until now, more than seven hundred varieties have been developed by means of induced mutation, and many of them officially released and approved for registration. Hundreds of papers report the results of mutation breeding, and the characteristics of induced mutation in different kinds of crops were discussed for review purposes (Blixt and Gottschalk 1975, Gottschalk and Wolff 1983). Considering the results already obtained, it can be concluded that the kinds of induced mutation and their utilization vary from crop to crop. This paper summarizes and discusses the mutation characteristics and kinds on the induced mutants of leguminous plants that have been released.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Low-Level Radioactive Waste Forum is an association of representatives of states and compacts established to facilitate state and compact commission implementation of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act of 1980 and the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 and to promote the objectives of low-level radioactive waste regional compacts. The Forum provides an opportunity for states and compacts to share information with one another and to exchange views with officials of federal agencies. The Forum participants include representatives from regional compacts, designated host states, unaffiliated states, and states with currently-operating low-level radioactive waste facilities. This report contains information synthesizing the accomplishments of the Forum, as well as any new advances that have been made in the management of low-level radioactive wastes.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The objectives of this study were to develop an accurate and precise method for cholesterol quantification in meat samples based on modifications made to an existing procedure (AOAC Official Method 994.10), and to apply this modified method to evaluate cholesterol levels in longissimus muscles (LM) from Angus (AN, n=5), Brahman (BR, n=4), and Romosinuano (RM, n=9) breeds. Validation of this method was performed using a meat homogenate (Standard Reference Material 1546) from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and LM samples from the three breeds with fat contents ranging from 2.4% to 9.3%. The results indicated that the modified method was accurate with cholesterol recovery exceeding 95%. The method was also found to be precise with an average coefficient of variation of...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Uniformly distributing slurry solids in -tall- (-2:1 aspect ratio) process vessels is a significant challenge in the chemical industry. This work determined the performance of various multi-tier agitation systems in uniformly distributing a settling solid throughout water in a -tall- laboratory vessel. It used a 0.445-m ID Plexiglas tank, with a slurry height of 0.889-m, to determine how solids distribution changes with solids loading (wt.%), impeller speed, and impeller type. Some impeller types uniformly distributed the solids even before energy input exceeded 1.00-W/kg. Significantly higher energy improved solids distribution little because flow within the vessel eventually became choked.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Objective: Pretargeting is the concept that combines optimal delivery of the antibody and rapid capture and elimination of the radioactivity. In this study, we evaluated the potential of antibody pretargeting to enable the tumor-targeting {sup 212}Pb for in vivo generation of {sup 212}Bi for {alpha} particle radiotherapy. Methods: The {sup 212}Pb/{sup 212}Bi chelate of DOTA-biotin, as well as their {gamma}-emitting analogues, {sup 203}Pb and {sup 205}Bi, was prepared and characterized. The radiolabeled compounds were injected in animals for evaluation of tumor targeting and normal tissue uptake and retention. In the pretargeting protocol, injection of 400 {mu}g of NR-LU-10 antibody-streptavidin conjugate was given at t=0 h, then 100 {mu}g of N-acetyl-galatosamine-biotin clearing agent was injected at t=20-24 h; finally, 1 {mu}g of {sup 212}Pb/{sup 212}Bi-DOTA-biotin was injected 6 h later. Results: Both {sup 203}Pb and {sup 205}Bi-DOTA-biotin were stable for at least 4 days in the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Single-crystalline nanostructures often exhibit gradients of surface (and/or interface) curvature that emerge from fabrication and growth processes or from thermal fluctuations. Thus, the system-inherent capillary force can initiate morphological transformations during further processing steps or during operation at elevated temperature. Therefore and because of the ongoing miniaturization of functional structures which causes a general rise in surface-to-volume ratios, solid-state capillary phenomena will become increasingly important: On the one hand diffusion-mediated capillary processes can be of practical use in view of non-conventional nanostructure fabrication methods based on self-organization mechanisms, on the other hand they can destroy the integrity of nanostructures which can go along with the failure of functionality. Additionally, capillarity-induced shape transformations are effected and can thereby be controlled by applied ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This proceedings volume is organized into seven sections that reflect the materials systems and issues of electrochemical materials R and D in batteries, fuel cells, and capacitors. The first three parts are largely devoted to lithium ion rechargeable battery materials since that electrochemical system has received much of the attention from the scientific community. Part 1 discusses cathodes for lithium ion rechargeable batteries as well as various other battery systems. Part 2 deals with electrolytes and cell stability, and Part 3 discusses anode developments, focusing on carbon and metal oxides. Part 4 focuses on another rechargeable system that has received substantial interest, nickel/metal hydride battery materials. The next two parts discuss fuel cells--Part 5 deals with Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells, and Part 6 discusses oxide materials for solid oxide fuel cells. The former has the benefit of operating around room ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Molybdenum is an essential element for living organisms. Moreover its radionuclides may represent an incorporation risk for members of the public and/or radiation workers after a nuclear accident or a release of radioactive materials. However, only few reliable data on Mo biokinetics in humans were available. The results of recent tracer kinetic investigations with stable isotopes have shown several differences from the ICRP data with regard to the processes of intestinal absorption and of excretion. As a consequence, the dose coefficients calculated with a revised biokinetic model deviate from the ICRP estimates. By ingestion of {sup 99}Mo radionuclides with solid food, for example, the dose to the colon may be higher of a factor up to 1 order of magnitude, due to the fraction of non-absorbed material which traverses the gastro-intestinal tract. (orig.) [Deutsch] Molybdaen ist einerseits ein fuer Lebewesen essentielles Spurenelement, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Among the membrane filtration techniques, continuous cross-flow ultrafiltration (UF) is an innovative method to separate solid/liquid or liquid/liquid phases at a lower pressure of 5--150 psi compared to reverse osmosis (RO) in which the applied pressure is an order of magnitude higher. Recently, attempts have been made to combine processes of UF and other treatments for many applications. However, there is very little knowledge about the filtration process which combined coagulation and UF, and very few attempts have been made to apply coagulated UF to the treatment of fuel oil contaminated water. During the UF treatment of organic contaminants rapid declines in flux will occur due to the membrane fouling. Oil as a foulant plants an important role in the flux decrease. However, there are very limited pretreatment processes which can effectively remove fuel oil from water and hence solve the fouling problem. The purpose of the study was to ...

Science.gov (United States)

Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) emitted from the mould species Penicillium expansum, P. chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor, A. fumigatus, A. niger and Cladosporium cladosporoides were analyzed by means of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and GCMS. The mould species were cultivated on the synthetic agar dichloran chloramphenicol (DG 18) and on wet wall paper. The production of MVOCs was monitored over several weeks to detect changes in the emission rates between the initial stage and later periods of growth. The cultivation on the synthetic agar resulted in MVOC patterns with a wide variety of signals. In contrast, the growth on wet wall paper led to changed MVOC patterns with less signals. The emission rates were drastically reduced. Components emitted by all six fungi species on wall paper were 2-pentanol and 2-pentanone. 1-Octen-3-ol was emitted by five fungi species. 2-Pentanol was only detected in considerable amounts during ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Four advanced oxidation processes (UV/TiO2, UV/IO4^-, UV/S2O8^2^-, and UV/H2O2) were tested for their ability to mineralize naphthenic acids to inorganic carbon in a model oil sands process water containing high dissolved and suspended solids at pH values ranging from 8 to 12. A medium pressure mercury (Hg) lamp was used, and a Quartz immersion well surrounded the lamp. The treatment goal of 5mg/L naphthenic acids (3.4mg/L total organic carbon (TOC)) was achieved under four conditions: UV/S2O8^2^- (20mM) at pH 8 and 10, and UV/H2O2 (50mM) at pH 8 (all with the Quartz immersion well). Values of electrical energy required to meet the treatment goal were about equal for UV/S2O8^2^- (20mM) and UV/H2O2 (50mM) at pH 8, but three to four times larger for treatment by UV/S2O8^2^- (20mM) at pH 10. ...

Wastenet

...In your area Get connected Farmers & growers news Training & events Poultry (laying) Poultry production can be a profitable enterprise for organic farmers and eggs are ... To find out more about organic poultry production download our free comprehensive introductory guide: Organic poultry production - an introductory guide [PDF, ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Descriptors : *JET ENGINE FUELS, *AQUATIC ORGANISMS, *AVIATION FUELS, *TOXICITY, HEALTH, SMOKE SCREENS, WIND, WATER ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Described as the body's largest organ, the skin is strategically located at the interface with the external environment where it has evolved to detect, integrate and respond to a diverse range...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Hypocalcemia in the hypomagnesemic state in man is usually attributed to refractoriness of end-organs to the calcemic action of parathyroid hormone. We studied the responsiveness of end-organs to bovine...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper aims to explore consumer preference for fresh vegetables labelled as organic in combination with health and environment related quality traits. The study decomposes organic farming into its main quality aspects and measures consumers' preference structure for organic, in general, and for specific organic quality traits in particular. By means of stated choice preference modelling, the following hypotheses are tested: consumers prefer health over environment related quality traits; the organic label plays a significant role in consumers' choice for organic products; organic farming is perceived as healthier and more environmentally friendly than conventional farming; purchase intention is mainly driven by health related quality traits; both health and environmental concerns influ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... organic compounds other organic compounds separation processes

Science.gov (United States)

The classical Stefan theory for the melting of a solid or the freezing of a liquid is too simplistic to describe phenomena such as supercooling, in which a liquid supports temperatures below its freezing point, or superheating, the analog for solids, or d...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

High resolution structural elucidation of macromolecular structure by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance requires the preparation of uniformly aligned samples that are isotopically labeled. In...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Science and technology could be revolutionized by quantum computers, but building them from solid-state devices will not be easy. Robert W Keyes of IBM's research division outlines the challenges in scaling up the technology from lab experiments to practical devices. (U.K.)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Phosphoramidite reagents can phosphitylate guanine bases at the O6-position during solid phase synthesis and serious chain cleavage occurs if the base phosphitylation is not eliminated before the iodine/water...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A detailed comparative assessment was made of the use of solid-phase-coupled antibodies in radioimmunoassay, by using an assay for human placental lactogen as a model system. The major advantages of...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The detailing of the intermolecular interactions in dense solid oxygen is essential for an understanding of the rich polymorphism and remarkable properties of this element at high pressure. Synchrotron...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A 23-year-old woman presented to our hospital with nonspecific pain in the abdomen. She underwent radiological investigations, which revealed a solid and cystic mass in the tail end of the pancreas....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Objective: To further delineate the clinicopathological and radiological features of solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas and summarize the surgical therapy strategy for this tumor. Methods:...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The properties of a helium film on the surface of solid parahydrogen are investigated. It is shown that wetting of the solid hydrogen by the liquid helium occurs. The transport velocities along the He II film on the solid parahydrogen surface are measured in broad temperature, film height, and level difference ranges. It is shown that the transport velocity in this case has the least value as compared with its value on other substrates. The thickness of the helium-saturated film is determined on the solid hydrogen surface on the basis of the data obtained, and the value is in good agreement with the results of a computation performed within the framework of the Frenkel' theory.

ScienceCinema

...of this article he quotes um i am told by my english ...

Wastenet

facilities, building hygienic latrines and introducing regular solid waste collection systems . These methods are constantly being developed and

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(Apr 1974). Japan Murakami, Akira . Saga Univ. (Japan). Dept. of

Science.gov (United States)

... nent to the design and construction of metal-semiconductor solar cells, in that both the photovoltage and the efficiency of metal-semiconductor cells ...

Wastenet

... MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULES, 2000 Plastic Bag ban in Dhaka City, Bangladesh Private Sector Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Management SKAT 2000 TECHNICAL GUIDELINES ON MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Hazardous Waste Management Unit, Environmental Pollution Control Division, Central Environmental Authority, Sri Lanka 2004 Subregional ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The physical methods were used to study the decomposition of a metastable #beta#-solid solution in the VT22 two-phase titanium alloy. It is shown that the martensitic #beta# #-># #alpha#'' transformation in doped-element depleted microvolumes of the #beta#-solid solution are dominanted and the long-time multistage decomposition through a number of intermediate states in others.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The suitability of using the microwave oven for the rapid determination of total solids content (TSC) of natural rubber latex has been established over a broad range of dry rubber content (DRC). The total solids content values obtained by the microwave oven method are compared with the values obtained by heating in a conventional convection oven. Heating in a microwave oven is advantageous as the measurement time could be reduced considerably.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A summary is given of the 1983 NRPB-GS1 Report on the 'Radiological protection objectives for the disposal of solid radioactive wastes'. The two principal difficulties in applying the ICRP system of dose limitation to some solid waste disposal methods are outlined. Despite these difficulties three radiological protection objectives for waste disposal were recommended based on the same fundamental principle as ICRP recommendations.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

With the use of the regular solutions model the expressions have been derived for calculation of boundaries of spinodal decomposition region as applied to five-component solid solutions of A"3B"5 compounds. The evaluation has been made of fields of stability for Al_x__1Ga_x__2In_1_-_x__1_-_x__2PyAs_1_-_y solid solution.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... organizations irradiation radiation doses radiation effects RADIATIONS.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Wastenet

...Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus ...organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain [Skip navigation links] About us | Contact us | Publications |...ecological communities Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain Advice to the Minister for the ...of the 'Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain' community sufficient to distinguish it from ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As the Operating and Support staffs of the FFTF organization have gained experience, the plant reliability and capacity factors have shown a steadily improving trend. The plant capacity factor for Cycle 4 was 99.5%. It is the purpose of this report to describe the evolution of the maintenance organization at the FFTF site from a general support organization to a technically proficient organization playing a major role in planning and performance of plant maintenance evolutions.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udgivelsesdato: 2001-Mar

Science.gov (United States)

Breath Tests; Human Volunteers; Pilot Study

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Results of X-ray investigations of solid normal hydrogen are presented. Temperature dependences of the lattice parameteps, molar volumes, linear and volume expansion coefficients in the 2K-Tsub(melt) temperature range are obtaiped. An essential n-H/sub 2/ expansion anisotropy in the premelting temperature region is pointed out. It is shown that the hexagonal lattice parameter ratios over the whole investigated temperature range is considerably higher than for solid parahydrogen. A considerable difference in thermal expansion of normal hydrogen and parahydrogen in the low temperature region is revealed. It is caused by contribuation of a rotational subsystem, increasing with the temperature decrease to crystal expansion. A detailed analysis of solid n-H/sub 2/ thermodynamic properties is conducted. The data testifying to the presence of isomorphous phase transformation in the solid n-H/sub 2/ in the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Suspension of solids in stirred reactor is widely used for catalytic reactions, dissolution, etc. Quality of solid suspension is an important parameter required for the reliable design, optimum performance, and scale up of the system. Quality of suspension depends on local characteristics of solid velocity and hold up profiles. The present work was focused on investigating quality of solid suspension using ultrasound velocity profiler (UVP) measurements and CFD simulations. The slip velocity measurements carried out with UVP were used to evaluate different drag correlations used in CFD simulations. Results discussed in this work would be useful for extending the applications of CFD models for simulating large stirred slurry reactors.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A number of different theoretical approaches have been used to model to atomic structure and properties of solid-liquid interfaces. Most calculations indicate that ordering occurs in the first several layers of the liquid, adjacent to the crystal surface. In contrast to the numerous theoretical investigations, there have been no direct experimental observations of the atomic structure of a solid-liquid interface for comparison. Saka et al. examined solid-liquid interfaces in In and In-Sb at lattice-fringe resolution in the TEM, but their data do not reveal information about the atomic structure of the liquid phase. The purpose of this study is to determine the atomic structure of a solid-liquid interface using a highly viscous supercooled liquid, i.e., a crystal-amorphous interface.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Equilibrium and energy equations have been developed in describing the solid-fluid transition zone during the melting and solidification of the binary alloys. Due to the existence of the transition region exhibited both solid and fluid phases at the same material point from continuum point of view, mixture theory was utilized to analyze the region. Unlike the Stefan problem, the latent heat due to the phase change appears as a source term in the heat equation. The molten fluid is treated as a thermoviscous and incompressible fluid, whereas the solid is thermoviscoplastic described by the Bodner-Partom/Walker type of constitutive equations. Thermal mechanical behaviors of the solid and the fluid phases are determined separately because of insignificant mechanical interactions between them. Volume fractions of the phases are obtained according to the equilibrium phase diagram. The simulation process of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One of the most challenging topics in the area of organic electronic devices is the growth of transparent electrodes onto flexible polymeric substrates that will be characterized by enhanced conductivity in combination with high optical transparency. An essential aspect for these materials is their synthesis and/or microstructure which define the transparency, the stability and the interfacial chemistry which in turn determine the performance and stability of the organic electronic devices, such as organic light emitting diodes, organic photovoltaics, etc. In this work, we will discuss the latest advances in the growth of organic (e.g. PEDOT:PSS) and inorganic (e.g. zinc oxide-ZnO, indium tin oxide-ITO) conductive materials and their deposition onto flexible polymeric substrates. We will compare the optical, structural, nano-mechanical and nano-topographical properties of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The manual was prepared for State and local government officials, local emergency planning committee (LEPCs), and other community groups that want to make Title III work. It is intended as a practical guide for those who have little or no previous experience in the field of communication, whose time must be snatched from home and office, and whose resources are limited. The manual has three major sections: Part I discusses planning, which is vital to the success of a communication program; Part II suggests ways to get and keep people involved, especially important because Title III affects so many different sectors of the community; Part III, a how-to-do-it section, talks about specific tasks, such as giving a speech or writing a press release. Appendices include a detailed explanation of the law, a glossary, a list of recent studies related to Title III communications, a list of educational materials, and a list of State contacts.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Fact Finding Committee on 'Future Nuclear Power Policy' established by the 8th German Federal Parliament in its report of June 1980 among other items published the recommendation to commission a 'risk oriented analysis' of the SNR-300 in order to enable a pragmatic comparison to be made of the safety of the German prototype fast breeder reactor and a modern light water reactor (a Biblis B PWR). The Federal Minister for Research and Technology in August 1981 officially commissioned the Gesellschaft fuer Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) to conduct the study. Following a recommendation by the Fact Finding Committee, additional studies were performed also by a group of opponents of the breeder reactor. On the instigation of the group of opponents the delivery date of the study was altered several times and finally set at April 30, 1982. GRS submitted its report by this deadline. However, a joint report by the two groups could not be compiled, as had been requested by the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

With its 527 217 m{sup 3} of low and medium activity wastes put in storage between 1969 and 1994, the C.S.M.( center of storage of Manche) is and remains to this day a necessary element to understand the problems posed by the eternal storage of nuclear materials and the limits of the notion of reversibility. There are therefore teachings to be drawn. We cannot repeat past mistakes in particular with high activity wastes which we wish to bury deep underground. This report is based on the analysis of the existing bibliography, of the internal A.N.D.R.A. documents which we released to the public, of the lessons drawn from our participation in the official concerting and work groups, and finally of the data obtained after inquiries were done in the region in the framework of R.I.V.I.E;R.E. (citizens network of radioecological surveillance, information and evaluation). In spite of all efforts produced, many questions remain unanswered regarding this site so it is ...

Science.gov (United States)

The in-flight wavelength calibration for the Ozone Monitoring Instrument is discussed. The observed variability in the wavelength scale is two orders of magnitude larger than caused by temperature changes in the instrument. These wavelength variations are the result of rapid changes in time in the radiance levels during an individual observation in the presence of clouds or snow and ice. We have developed a data processing method to account and correct for these changes. In February 2005 this correction was implemented in the official data processing stream. We explain in detail how and how accurately this method works. Before correction, the error in the wavelength scale can be as much as a few tenths of a pixel; after correction it is mostly less than 1/100th of a pixel, which is the required preflight accuracy. This means that higher-level products such as the total column amounts of ozone, NO2, and SO2 are not significantly affected. It is expected that these ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Water from small scale purification plants is a low cost alternative for consumers in comparison to the bottled commercial presentations. Because of its low cost per liter, the consumption of this product has increased in recent years, stimulating in turn the installation of purification systems for these small businesses. The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficiency of small scale purification systems located in the cities of Zacatecas and Guadalupe, Zacatecas, to reduce the radioactive content of water. It was measured the total alpha and beta activity in water samples of entry and exit to process, through the liquid scintillation technique. In general it was observed that the process is more efficient in removing alpha that beta activity. The fraction of total alpha activity removed varied between 27 and 100%, while between 0 and 77% of the total beta activity was removed by the analyzed plants. In all cases, the total radioactivity level was lower than the maximum ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The magnitude of Russian foreign debt, both official bilateral and commercial, compounded by collapse of the Russian economic system, is an obstacle in preventing the Russian Federation from effectively increasing the domestic priority of drawing down its nuclear weapons complex and providing a healthy, competitive environment to its nuclear cities. Debt-for-nature swaps, introduced in the early 1980s, provide debtor nations with a means of converting a portion of foreign debt into local currency, often at steep discounts, to use for purposes such as environmental protection that serve both a domestic and international need. This paper presents the debt-for-nature concept as a model for providing an infusion of funds to further U.S. and international nonproliferation objectives to help stabilize Russian closed city economic conditions through direct work on proliferation problems and remediation of the environment. A specific proposal is presented to demonstrate ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It has recently been found that many buildings in Taiwan were constructed with radioactively contaminated rebar, which raised great concern among the residents as well as governmental officials. In order to investigate the possible cytogenetic damage to the residents of contaminated buildings, a G-banding method was carried out on the lymphocytes of 30 radiation-exposed individuals from four families and one office building, as well as 15 control individuals from laboratory personnel. The estimated cumulative radiation doses for the exposed people range from 19.63 to 280.50 mSv. Altogether, 13 females and 17 males belonging to the radiation-exposed group, and 7 females and 8 males in the control group, were included in this study. With the exception of one sample, at least 500 metaphase spreads were scored and analyzed for each individual. All the recognizable structural aberrations of chromosomes or chromatids were recorded and statistically analyzed. Comparison ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The DOE is conducting a comprehensive technical analysis of a flexible-fuel transportation system in the United States -- that is, a system that could easily switch between petroleum and another fuel, depending on price and availability. The DOE Alternative Fuels Assessment is aimed directly at questions of energy security and fuel availability, but covers a wide range of issues. This report examines environmental, health, and safety concerns associated with a switch to alternative- and flexible-fuel vehicles. Three potential alternatives to oil-based fuels in the transportation sector are considered: methanol, compressed natural gas (CNG), and electricity. The objective is to describe and discuss qualitatively potential environmental, health, and safety issues that would accompany widespread use of these three fuels. This report presents the results of exhaustive literature reviews; discussions with specialists in the vehicular and fuel-production industries and with Federal, State, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Organization factors have been known as an important contributor to plant safety. Previous studies associated with assessing organisation factors mainly deals with the aspect of safety of an organization. For an organization, however, efficiency or an aspect of economy related with work activities is also important. This paper introduces a conceptual model, SPOOM-EDM (Self Poly-Oriented Organizational Model - Evaluation Diamond Model), for evaluating an organization with respect to both safety and economy. It also shows how the proposed model can be applied for the evaluation of an organization through the analysis of real events. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC), has previously been studied as a method for separating CO{sub 2} during combustion of gaseous fuels. In this project the possibility to apply this process for direct use of solid fuels has been investigated. The following has been accomplished: A 10 kW reactor system for CLC with solid fuels has been designed and built. Tests with solid fuel and metal oxid particles in a laboratory reactor show that it is possible to oxidize solid fuels with metal oxide particles in cyclic testing, thus giving proof of basic concept. They also show how the reaction rate is affected by temperature, steam concentration etc., and, most important of all, that the rates of reaction are realistic. Tests with metal oxide materials available at low costs have been successful. Chemical-looping combustion with solid fuels has a potential to achieve very low costs for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Energy from biomass is a CO{sub 2} neutral, sustainable form of energy. Anaerobic digestion is an established technology for converting biomass to biogas, which contains around 60% methane, besides CO{sub 2} and various contaminants. Most types of biomass contain material that cannot be digested; in woody biomass, this portion is particularly high. Therefore, conventional anaerobic digestion is not suited for the production of biogas from woody biomass. While wood is already being converted to energy by conventional thermal methods (gasification with subsequent methanation), dung, manure, and sewage sludge represent types of biomass whose energy potential remains largely untapped (present energetic use of manure in Switzerland: 0.4%). Conventional gas phase processes suffer from a low efficiency due to the high water content of the feed (enthalpy of vaporization). An alternative technology is the hydrothermal gasification: the water contained within the biomass serves as reaction ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the five plus years this Cooperative Agreement existed, more than 45 different projects were funded. Most projects were funded for a one year period but there were some, deemed of such quality and importance, funded for multiple years. Approximately 22 external agencies, businesses, and other entities have cooperated with or been funded through the WVU Cooperative Agreement over the five plus years. These external entities received 33% of the funding by this Agreement. The scope of this Agreement encompassed all forms of hazardous waste remediation including radioactive, organic, and inorganic contaminants. All matrices were of interest; generally soil, water, and contaminated structures. Economic, health, and regulatory aspects of technologies were also within the scope of the agreement. The highest priority was given to small businesses funded by the Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC) and Department of Energy (DOE) involved in research and development ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents the characteristics of selected parameters of organic matter of the Tertiary coal samples and organic matter of Carboniferous rock samples from the Spitsbergen. The coal samples were taken from Central Coal Basin (the Longyearbyen region) and from the Forlandsundet Basin (Oscar II Land, the Kaffioyra region). Samples of dispersed organic matter were collected from Suffolk Pynten and Sergeijevfjellet area in Sorkapp Land. The optical properties of coal samples are different from properties of dispersed organic matter. Macerals of vitrinite group dominate in all of the samples. The average content of vitrinite group macerals is much lower in dipersed organic matter samples than it is in coals. The average content of liptinite group macerals is a little lower, and inertinite group macerals is much higher. The average content of mineral matter is higher in ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper introduces the solid radwaste management system, treatment methods and its continuous improvement during the past 9 years in Guangdong Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station (GNPS). GNPS has paid great attention and made a lot of efforts to implement the principle of waste minimization with source control, improvement of treatment process and strict management, so the output of solid radwastes has annually decreased since 1994. In 2002, the output of solid radwastes in GNPS was 63.5 m"3, only 50% of 1995 (127 m"3), reached the advanced level as the same type NPPs in France. During the period 1994-2002, the accumulated production of solid radwaste Packages in GNPS is 1563.51 m"3 only 18% of the design value; all the packages meet the standard and requirement for safe disposal. Besides, this paper analyzes some new technical processes and presents some proposals for further decreasing the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes inorganic solid electrolytes from a viewpoint of electrolytes for lithium batteries. Lithium ion conductive inorganic solid electrolytes are largely divided into crystalline and amorphous substances. Crystalline substances are known as LiI and Li3N, and also oxygen acid salt. However, when considering application to a battery, its large grain boundary resistance and electrochemical instability would be a problem. Lithium ion conductive amorphous solid electrolytes are divided into an oxide system and a sulfide system. Since most of them do not contain transition metal elements, they are stable against electrochemical reduction, and ions move isotropically in electrolyte. Therefore, ion conduction paths across the grain boundaries may be connected more easily, forming an electrolyte with low grain boundary resistance. As a result of the efforts of the authors in searching new additives substituting LiI, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this work is to the application of a methodology to evaluate the energy associated to the industrial solid wastes in the metropolitan region of Campinas. The methodological route proposed is: the characterization of the research area and the production/management of the industrial solid wastes; the energetic classification and the qualitative/quantitative research of the energy associated to the industrial solid wastes; and, the valuation of the applicability of the energetic utilization mechanisms proposed to the region. This methodology when applied at the Campinas metropolitan region proved to be valid and it resulted in a synthetically presentation of the social and environmental reality of the industrial sector and the destination of the wastes, as well as it indicated the potentialities related to the energetic utilization of the industrial solid waste in the region. With the obtained ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gas-solid chromatography was used to determine the Henry`s law second gas-solid virial coefficients within the temperature range of 314--615 K for ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, pentane, hexane, heptane, chloromethane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, trichlorofluoromethane (Freon 11), chlorodifluoromethane (Freon 22), dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12), methyl ether, ethyl ether, and sulfur hexafluoride with Carbopack B, a microporous carbon adsorbent. The temperature dependence of the second gas-solid virial coefficients of these adsorbates was used in conjunction with analyses based on a graphical method, a single-surface numeric integration method, a single-surface analytic expression method, and a two-surface analytic expression method to determine the gas-solid interaction energies and other parameters. The interaction energies were correlated with a ratio of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report is a compilation of worksheets from the waste management units of Savannah River Plant. Information is presented on the following: Solid Waste Management Units having received hazardous waste or hazardous constituents with a known release to the environment; Solid Waste Management Units having received hazardous waste or hazardous constituents with no known release to the environment; Solid Waste Management Units having received no hazardous waste or hazardous constituents; Waste Management Units having received source; and special nuclear, or byproduct material only.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To minimize the low and intermediate-level solid radwaste volume, the reduction efforts were persisted in Korean NPPs. As a result, annual average waste volumes were reduced to 194 drums per unit at last year. In this paper we confirmed 250 drums/unit-yr, EPRI URD management goal, and management condition for solid radwaste volume. Also, through the sample assessment of specific Korean NPP opened to the public, we could make sure that the prediction of saturation year for interim storage facility is fully suitable.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A detailed examination of the aging processes that may take place in solid-dielectric extruded-type high voltage transmission cables under dry conditions is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the aging process as affected by the separate and simultaneous action of four main aging factors, namely the electrical, mechanical and thermal stresses, and the physical and chemical environment. A number of pertinent aging models are considered and their validity and applicability to accelerated aging tests on solid-type transmission cables are discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In January, 1985, the Government of Thailand sought assistance from the United States Trade and Development Program (USTDP) to undertake a feasibility study to review and update the solid waste management master plan, with particular emphasis to be placed on waste disposal methods. In April, 1985, the USTDP engaged the firm of Engineering and Economic Research, Inc. to carry out a definitional/prefeasibility study to assess the potential of a project for solid waste management and energy production using municipal solid waste as fuel.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Acetylacetone is isolated in hydrogen matrices and is investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy, combined with theoretical calculations. The two stable enol and keto tautomers are well characterized. The keto/enol ratio in solid parahydrogen is found to be higher than in classical matrices. While vibrational bands of the enol form are broad, with bandwidths depending on the vibrational mode, those of the keto form are narrow. A KrF laser excitation is used to induce the enol/keto tautomerization in solid parahydrogen. The kinetics of the interconversion is followed, highlighting a non-direct tautomerization process.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Portuguese 2000 p. 117-118 Brazil Monteiro, Elisabeth EC Tavares,

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Modeling calculations on the solubility of americium have indicated that basic americium carbonate, and not americium trihydroxide, is the solubility-controlling solid in the pH range from 6 to 10 under the influence of atmospheric CO{sub 2}. The solubility of crystalline {sup 243}AmOHCO{sup 3} has been investigated in batch experiments in near-neutral and basic solutions as a function of dissolution time in 0.1 M NaClO{sup 4} at room temperature under oxic conditions. After the solutions reached steady-state conditions, the influence of dissolved solids on the americium concentration in the supernatant solution was studied by utilizing several experimental methods to separate the solution phase from the solid. The solids were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

... 10 TIN TELLURIDE Preparation of Tin Telluride Single Crystals ..... 12 ... TIN TELLURIDE Preparation of Tin Telluride Single Crystals ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Solid state lasers, particularly neodymium glass systems, have undergone intensive development during the last decade. In this paper, we review solid state laser technology in the context of high-peak-power systems for inertial confinement fusion. Specifically addressed are five major factors: efficiency, wavelength flexibility, average power, system complexity, and cost; these factors today limit broader application of the technology. We conclude that each of these factors can be greatly improved within current fundamental physical limits. We further conclude that the systematic development of new solid state laser madia, both vitreous and crystalline, should ultimately permit the development of wavelength-flexible, very high average power systems with overall efficiencies in the range of 10 to 20%.

CERN Document Server

Solid-state single-photon sources have many desirable features that make them attractive for applications in quantum information processing. However, the phase coherence of such devices can be severely compromised by coupling to the solid-state environment. Here, we study the effects of realistic dephasing environments on a pair of solid-state single photon sources in the context of quantum interference effects such as the Hong-Ou-Mandel dip. By means of exact solutions for the non-Markovian dynamics of the sources, we show that the resulting loss of visibility depends crucially on the timing of photon detection events. Our results demonstrate that the effective visibility can be improved via temporal post-selection, and also that time-resolved interference can be a useful probe of the interaction between the emitter and its host environment.

Science.gov (United States)

... Advanced thermal storage systems based on very high temperature solid materials such as boron carbide or graphite have been investigated for ...

Science.gov (United States)

... TARGET SENSOR-MK 80 SERIES BOMBS ... 5-inch-, and 2.75-inch- diameter rocket motors that ... balance when compared to incoming solar radiation ...

Science.gov (United States)

major radius of the toroidal containment volume. The containment time was calculated using equation (4) as derived in references 16 and 17. The solid ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Portuguese 1998 p. 47 Brazil Silva, Edemilson P. Universidade Federal,

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... structure crystal-phase transformations fluorescence fluorescence spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Necessary conditions are derived for compact aggregates of solid matter to develop from loose local clumps of dust grains in a contracting protostellar cloud.

Science.gov (United States)

aerodynamic force and moment values. Only the solid and the 25 percent porous dishes were tested for the static pressure values used primarily to determine ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A simple model based on surface chemistry is developed, based an simple concepts of contact angle, wetting and spreading. Results of the modeling can be stated by two simplified rules of thumb'': (1) A liquid will spread on the surface of a solid if the surface tension of the liquid is lose than the surface free energy of the solid, and (2) The liquid having the surface tension nearest that of the solid will preferentially wet the surface of the solid. These two rules can then be used to define the parameters that constitute a process for formulating a plastic bonded explosive (PBX), which is a crystalline high-explosive material coated with a small amount of plastic polymeric material (the binder). The PBX then can be pressed to a high density, and machined to a specific shape. The pressed and machined explosive material can then be used in a physics experiment to study fundamental ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Despite the fact that oxidation is the second most frequent degradation pathway for pharmaceuticals, means of evaluating the oxidative stability of pharmaceutical solids, especially effective stress testing, are still lacking. This paper describes a novel experimental method for peroxide-mediated oxidative stress testing on pharmaceutical solids. The method utilizes urea-hydrogen peroxide, a molecular complex that undergoes solid-state decomposition and releases hydrogen peroxide vapor at elevated temperatures (e.g., 30C), as a source of peroxide. The experimental setting for this method is simple, convenient, and can be operated routinely in most laboratories. The fundamental parameter of the system, that is, hydrogen peroxide vapor pressure, was determined using a modified spect...

Wastenet

...qualified and who were under consideration at the time, USDA Secretary Tom Vilsack chose an animal husbandry specialist employed by one of the largest organic livestock product marketers in the country. While this appointee had grown up on a conventional farm, her immediate occupation is not that of ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

To study the topographical organization of mu and beta band event-related desynchronization (ERD) associated with voluntary hand and foot movements, we used magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Microbes in nature frequently function as members of complex multitaxon communities, but the structural organization of these communities at the micrometer level is poorly understood because of limitations...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The subfornical organ is a major receptor area for one of the principal stimuli of thirst, the octapeptide, angiotensin II. In conscious water-sated rats, the authors examined the effects of intravenous infusion of angiotensin II on the rate of glucose utilization in the subfornical organ and in structures anatomically and functionally connected with it. Angiotensin II produced pressor and drinking responses and increased glucose utilization selectively in the subfornical organ and pituitary neural lobe and in no other brain structure. Treatment with the angiotensin II antagonist, sar1-leu8-angiotensin II, before intravenous administration of angiotensin II prevented metabolic stimulation of the subfornical organ and neural lobe. Captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, reduced subfornical organ glucose metabolism to a level similar to that found in control animals. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Overviews, publications, and new directions are presented for the following research topics: geminate charge pairs in hexane, dipoles in nonpolar and polar organic liquids, organic donor-acceptor interfaces, and charge-transfer states (phenanthrene/PMDA).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An organ-specific invertase deficiency affecting only the primary root system is described in the Oh 43 inbred maize (Zea mays). Invertases (acid and neutral/soluble and insoluble)...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Large quantity of reliable protein interaction data are available for model organisms in public depositories (e.g., MINT, DIP, HPRD, INTERACT). Most data correspond to experiments with the proteins...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The corrosion behavior of Ta, Ti, and Zr in inorganic acids, bases, chlorides and miscellaneous salts, waters and gases, and organic acids and miscellaneous organic chemicals is summarized. (W.L.H)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Supercoiled double-stranded DNA molecules (plasmids) were isolated from plants infected with three laboratory strains of western aster yellows mycoplasma-like organism (AY-MLO) by using cesium chloride-ethidium...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Although functional organ stem cells persist in the old, tissue damage invariably overwhelms tissue repair, ultimately causing the demise of an organism. The poor performance of stem cells in an aged...Full Text Available