Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An investigation of the mechanism of the oxidation and ammoxidation of propylene was made. The products of the above reactions were acrylonitrile and acrolein for ammoxidation and oxidation, respectively. Also, the ammoxidation and oxidation of allyl alcohol, allyl amine, and their allylic deuterium substituted analogues was studied. It was concluded that oxidation and ammoxidation of propylene have the same rate determining step. Other conclusions about the reaction intermediates were also made.

Science.gov (United States)

Chiral auxiliaries are promising emerging tools for the asymmetric synthesis of octahedral metal complexes. We recently introduced chiral salicyloxazolines as coordinating bidentate chiral ligands which provide excellent control over the metal-centered configuration in the course of ligand substitution reactions and can be removed afterward in an acid-induced fashion under complete retention of configuration (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 9602-9603). Here reported is our detailed investigation of this sequence of reactions, affording virtually enantiopure ruthenium polypyridyl complexes. The control of the metal-centered chirality by the coordinated chiral salicyloxazolinate ligand was evaluated as a function of reaction conditions, the employed bidentate 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, and the substituent at the asymmetric 5-position of the oxazoline heterocycle. Most striking was the ...

Science.gov (United States)

Since the elucidation of the structure of double helical DNA, the construction of small molecules that recognize and react at specific DNA sites has been an area of considerable interest. In particular, the study of transition metal complexes that bind DNA with specificity has been a burgeoning field. This growth has been due in large part to the useful properties of metal complexes, which possess a wide array of photophysical attributes and allow for the modular assembly of an ensemble of recognition elements. Here we review recent experiments in our laboratory aimed at the design and study of octahedral metal complexes that bind DNA non-covalently and target reactions to specific sites. Emphasis is placed both on the variety of methods employed to confer site-specificity and upon the many applications for these complexes. Particular attention is given to the family of complexes recently designed that target single base mismatches in duplex ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Apparatus and methods are described for generating heat and electricity from the consumption of a variety of aluminum products. The method consists of (A) a reaction chamber containing an aqueous electrolyte solution and adapted for introduction therein of aluminum pieces of various shapes and sizes up to a certain maximum predetermined size and for effecting a chemical reaction between said aqueous electrolyte and said aluminum pieces yielding aluminum hydroxide and an intermediate reactant; (B) means for feeding said aluminum pieces into said reaction chamber in small quantities upon demand; (C) means for removing the heat generated in said chamber as a result of said reaction; (D) means for removing said aluminum hydroxide reaction product; and (E) means for oxidizing said intermediate reactant in an electrochemical cell, thereby ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper, steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) is used to study two model reactions, CO oxidation and CO-NO reactions, on a typical formulation of a three-way auto-catalyst. Under steady-state conditions, abrupt switches in the isotopic composition of CO ("1"2C"1"6O/"1"3C"1"8O) were carried out to produce isotopic transients in both labeled reactants and products. Along with the determination of the average surface lifetimes and concentrations of reaction intermediates, an analysis of the transient responses along the carbon reaction pathway indicated that the distribution of active sites for the formation of CO_2 was bimodal for both reactions. Furthermore, relatively few surface sites contributed to the overall reaction rate.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Details of a series of reactions for the production of ethylene glycol using a catalyst of Nafion solid perfluorosulfonic acid resin was detailed. The reactions included the carbonylation of formaldehyde and esterification and then hydrogenation of the product of the carbonylation, glycolic acid. Other preparations included in the work included methyl glycolate, acetylglycolic acid, methyl acetylglycolate, and methyl methoxyacetate.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The usefulness of radioiodination via demetallation of aryltrimethylsilanes was demonstrated. The radioiodination reaction was found to be very rapid and the regiospecific incorporation of radioiodine could be carried out with high radiochemical yields and high radiospecific activity. {sup 125}I-Labeled dimethylaminoethyl iodophenoxyacetate derivatives (5a-e), dimethylaminoethyl iodophenoxyacetamide derivatives (7a-c), iodophenoxyethyl ethylenediamine derivatives (9,14) and an iodophenoxyethylpiperazine derivative (18) were efficiently synthesized from the corresponding aryltrimethylsilyl intermediates (4a-e, 6a-c, 8, 13, 17) by this method. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have measured the oxygen positions in LaNiO{sub 3} films to elucidate the coupling between epitaxial strain and oxygen octahedral rotations. The oxygen positions are determined by comparing the measured and calculated intensities of half-order Bragg peaks, arising from the octahedral rotations. Combining ab initio density-functional calculations with these experimental results, we show how strain systematically modifies both bond angles and lengths in this functional perovskite oxide.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nuclear reaction cross-sections for stable strontium and cesium isotopes, which were calculated by different approaches, are compared to available experimental data. Neutron and proton induced reaction cross-sections for the long-lived radionuclides [sup 90]Sr and [sup 137]Cs have been calculated in the energy range from 1 MeV to 10 GeV. Recommendations concerning cross-section calculations for strontium and cesium isotopes at intermediate and high energies are given. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Selectivity control is a key issue in the zeolite facilitated conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons. This work addresses: (a) How the zeolite topology (MFI versus BEA) determines the type of intermediate participating in the catalytic cycle thereby controlling the ethene/propene product selectivity in the methanol to alkenes reaction, and (b) to what extent light alkene formation occurs via aromatic and alkene reaction intermediates for H-ZSM-5. Three catalyst samples have been studied in experiments relying on isotopic labeling. For H-beta, penta- and hexamethylbenzene are involved in an aromatics based hydrocarbon pool type mechanism leading predominantly to propene and the higher alkenes (a very low yield of ethene is observed), whereas for H-ZSM-5, the lower methylbenzenes are the aro...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Intermediate products of the conversions of 6-aminophenalenone in ethanol were investigated by pulse radiolysis. In alkaline medium the main product is the 6-aminophenalenone radical cation, the optical absorption spectrum of which contains two bands with maxima at 355 and 400 nm. The precursors of this particle are e_s, CH_3CHOH and CH_3CHO"- radicals. In neutral and acid medium, radical cations are protonated in reactions with alcohol and hydrogen ions. The H-adduct of 6-aminophenalenone that arises has optical absorption maxima at 350 and 390 nm. The presence of two maxima is due to two different structures of the product. The molar extinction coefficients of the radical anions and H-adducts of 6-aminophenalenone and the rate constants of the reactions involving them were estimated. 6 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The reaction of the chelating ligands (obtained by the condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with various primary amines) with [RuHCl(CO)(EPh3)2(B)] (where E=P; B=PPh3, py or pip: E=As; B=AsPh3) in benzene afforded new stable ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes of the general formula [Ru(Cl)(CO)(EPh3)(B)(L)] (L=anion of bidentate Schiff bases). The structure of the new complexes was investigated using elemental analyses, spectral (FT-IR, UV-vis and 1H NMR) and electrochemical studies and is found to be octahedral. All the metal complexes exhibit characteristic MLCT absorption and luminescence bands in the visible region. The luminescence efficiency of the ruthenium(II) complexes was explained based on the ligand environment around the metal ion. These complexes catalyze oxidation of prim...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A series of spinel Li4Ti5O12 samples were synthesized via a composite molten-salt method (CMSM) using the mixtures of LiCl and KCl with different L values (L is defined as the molar ratio of LiCl:KCl) as the reaction media. It is found that the melting point of the composite molten salt can effectively influence the formation of particles, and leads to different electrochemical performances of the as-prepare Li4Ti5O12. The investigations of X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution (PSD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate that the as-prepared Li4Ti5O12 with L=1.5 is a pure phase, and has uniform homogeneous octahedral shape particles, rather narrow PSD, and high BET surface area. Electrochemical tests show that the optimized...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neopentane, because of its unique structural features, was found to be a useful probe for the assay of the acidity of various zeolites. The C-C bond was attacked by catalyst protons yielding CH/sub 4/ and the isobutyl carbenium ion in equal quantities. The latter either decomposed to produce isobutene or underwent secondary reactions. New avenues for reaction were opened with isobutane. The reaction of the Bronsted protons with the tertiary CH bonds produced H/sub 2/ and the same isobutyl carbenium ion. Hydride ion transfer of the same tertiary hydrogen to existing carbenium ions also occurred and the results showed that about half of the reaction was carried by this pathway. As with Neopentane, the C-C bond could also be attacked yielding the sec-propyl carbenium ion. These tools are being further developed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report here results of an application of single-nucleon stripping reactions at high energies (65 MeV/u) in inverse kinematics to obtain spectroscopic factors. From measurements of the partial cross-sections for ground and excited states in residual nuclei formed in one-proton stripping reactions, single particle orbits and occupancies of light nuclei have been studied in the s-d shell. Single proton stripping cross-sections of "2"5Al and "2"6","2"7","2"8P on a Be target have been measured using the S800 spectrograph and the NaI(Tl) array at the NSCL. These results indicate that this technique may provide a general tool for the intermediate energy range analogous to transfer (pick-up) reactions at low-energy.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Metalloid cluster compounds of group 14 of the general formulae EnRm with n > m (E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; R = ligand), where naked as well as ligand bound tetrel atoms are present, represent a novel class of cluster compounds in group 14 chemistry and can be seen as intermediates on the way to the elemental state. Therefore, interesting properties are expected for these compounds, which might complement results from nanotechnology. In this article, first results for germanium are discussed, together with novel build-up reactions on the way to novel materials based on metalloid cluster compounds. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT[image omitted

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It was previously reported that the tritium tracer method is useful for the quantitative consideration of hydrogen behavior in coal during coal liquefaction reaction. Tetralin is excellent hydrogen donating solvent, and is considered as one of the model compounds of coal. In this study, effects of H2S and H2O on the hydrogen exchange reaction between tetralin and gaseous hydrogen labeled by tritium were investigated. It was suggested that the conversion of tetralin and the hydrogen exchange reaction between gaseous hydrogen and tetralin proceed through the radical reaction mechanism with a tetralyl radical as an intermediate product. When H2S existed in this reaction, the hydrogen exchange yield increased drastically without changing the conversion yield. This suggested that the hydrogen exchange reaction proceeds even in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A KEK-PS experiment E337 `Angular correlation of intermediate mass fragments emitted from the target multifragmentation reactions with 12 GeV protons` is an extension of the E288 performed a few years ago. The E288 revealed that the proton-induced target multifragmentation reactions at 12 GeV showed quite interesting phenomena such as 70 degree peaking angular distributions for intermediate mass fragments. In December, 1955, the test experiment with 12 GeV protons was started at KEK using this newly constructed counter array of 37 Bragg Curve Counters. The main production experiment was performed in April and May in 1996 after debugging the new counter system and DAQ system, as well as EP1-B beam line. Data with Au, Tm, Sm and Ag targets were successfully accumulated. The data are in the analysis stage, and several interesting features of high energy nuclear reactions have already ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The reaction mechanism underlying the 44 MeV/u {sup 40}Ar projectile break-up process has been studied on different targets, by measuring the coincidences between light particles or intermediate mass fragments detected in a large angular range, and projectile fragments or light charged particles. While the experimental data relative to projectile-like fragments (PLF) with charge close to the one of the projectile can be interpreted in the framework of a three source analysis, the anomalous light fragment production with Z {<=} 10 rather suggests `fission` as one of the possible decay mode of the highly excited projectile or PLF. It is also observed that a great amount of the forward detected light charged particles are correlated, and due to the break-up or decay of light excited ions. (author). 9 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ozone plays a critical role in both the chemistry and radiation balance of the troposphere. Understanding the factors controlling tropospheric ozone levels is critical to our understanding of a variety of issues in global chemistry and climate change. Chlorine atoms have the potential to contribute significantly to the ozone balance in the free troposphere. They can react directly with ozone or alternately, with organics and may actually lead to the formation of ozone in the presence of sufficient NO. Reactions of alkali halides in sea salt particles are a potential source of atomic chlorine, hence reactions of these alkali halides, especially those producing precursors to atomic chlorine, are of great interest. Finally, the mechanisms, intermediates and products of the Cl-biogenic reactions are unknown; these could serve as unique markers of chlorine atom chemistry in the troposphere, and hence are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The reaction of the retinylidene Schiff base in bacteriorhodopsin (bR) to the water-soluble reagent hydroxylamine is enhanced by greater than 2 orders of magnitude under illumination. We have used this reaction as a probe for changes in Schiff base reactivity during the photocycle of wild-type bR and mutants defective in proton transport. We report here that under illumination at pH 6, the D85N mutant has a 20-fold lower rate and the D212N mutant has a greater than 4-fold higher rate for the light-dependent reaction with hydroxylamine compared with wild-type bR. In contrast, the reactivities of wild-type bR and the D96N and T46V mutants are similar. It has been previously shown that the D96N and T46V replacements have no significant effect on the kinetics of M formation but have dramatic effects on rate of the decay of M. We therefore conclude that the hydroxylamine reaction occurs before formation of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The reactions of CF{sub 3}O radicals with (1) NO and (2) NO{sub 2} were studied using two different experimental techniques. A laser photolysis/LIF detection method was applied for measuring the rate constants as a function of temperature (T=222-302 K) and total pressure (p{sub tot}=7-107 mbar). Whereas the reaction with (1) NO was found to be independent of temperature and pressure with k{sub 1}=(4.5{+-}1.2) x 10{sup -11} cm{sup 3}s{sup -1}, the reaction with (2) NO{sub 2} was found to be dependent on both of these variables. The temperature dependence of k{sub 2} in the high pressure limit can be given by the expression k{sub 2{infinity}}{sup -}(T)=(8{+-}5) x 10{sup -13} exp ((863{+-}194) K/T) cm{sup 3}s{sup -1}. The product distributions of the two reactions were determined in separate experiments using steady-state photolysis combined with FTIR spectroscopy. For reaction (1) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research activity during the 1991--1992 funding period has been concerned with the following topics relevant to carbon monoxide activation. (1) Exploratory studies of water gas shift catalysts heterogenized on polystyrene based polymers. (2) Mechanistic investigation of the nucleophilic activation of CO in metal carbonyl clusters. (3) Application of fast reaction techniques to prepare and to investigate reactive organometallic intermediates relevant to the activation of hydrocarbons toward carbonylation and to the formation of carbon-carbon bonds via the migratory insertion of CO into metal alkyl bonds.

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Thin films of La{sub 0.6}Ca{sub 0.4}CoO{sub 3} perovskite were deposited on nickel plates by thermal decomposition of the metal nitrates. The electrochemical activity of the films for oxygen evolution in KOH solutions (0.1-1 M) was investigated. The reaction order with respect to OH{sup -} ion was found to be around 0.7. The results correlate fairly well with a mechanism in which breaking of the intermediate metal-peroxide bond at the Co ion is the rate-determining step. (author) 4 figs., 4 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Balandin type volcano plots have been considered for the main criterion both in catalysis and electrocatalysis to estimate their fundamental properties and optimal activity: ({alpha}) The ones, when some physical feature or catalytic activity itself is plotted usually along transition series, and ({beta}) The others, when catalytic activity arises as a function of some energetic property, the most usually of the adsorption enthalpy of intermediates bonding upon the substrate in the rate determining step (rds). 29 refs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Bilayers of pure palladium and gold films were evaporated alternatively on (100) and (111) monocrystalline silicon substrates. After annealing, in a vacuum furnace from 100 to 650degreeC during 30min, the growth sequence of the Pd2Si and PdSi phases that evolved as the result of the diffusion reaction was examined by means of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), whereas the surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The effect of the intermediate gold layer is investigated in order to test its effectiveness as barrier for Cu and Si atoms interdiffusion and its influence on the morphology of the formed palladium silicides. The effect of substrate orientation on the palladium silicides growth and formation was also e...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We investigate the reaction pn {yields}d{pi} {pi} in the framework of Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT). For the first time a complete calculation of the leading-order contributions is presented. We identify various diagrams that are of equal importance as compared to those recognized in earlier works. The diagrams at leading order behave as expected by the power counting. Also for the first time the nucleon-nucleon interaction in the initial, intermediate and final state is included consistently and found to be very important. Although the perturbative series for the production operator is expected to converge very slowly, this study provides the theoretical basis for a future evaluation of the non-resonant contributions in two-pion production reactions in nucleon-nucleon collisions. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This project is concerned with the kinetics and mechanisms of aromatic oxidation and soot and fullerenes formation in flames. The objective of the aromatics oxidation work is to identify and measure the concentration of important intermediates and products in benzene oxidation, and to determine reaction mechanisms and kinetics properties consistent with the behavior seen in flames. The research on soot formation is concerned primarily with the particle inception stages, but the work includes study of soot structure at all stages of growth in order to obtain mechanistic information from evidence of growth steps recorded in the structure of the particles. The ultimate objective is to understand how nascent soot particles are formed from high molecular weight compounds, including the roles of planar and curved PAH and the relationship between soot and fullerenes. The objective of the proposed research on fullerenes is to develop a more ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms for oxidation of n-octane and iso-octane is described, with emphasis on the factors which are specific to many large hydrocarbon fuel molecules. Elements which are of particular importance are found to include site-specific abstraction of H atoms, radical isomerization of alkyl radicals by internal H atom abstraction, and rapid ..beta..-scission of the alkyl radicals. These features, combined with distinctions in the types of intermediate olefin species produced, are used to explain the significant differences in the rate of oxidation between n-octane and iso-octane. Experimental results from the turbulent flow reactor and low pressure laminar flames, using both n-octane and iso-octane as fuels, are used to test the reaction mechanisms and indicate those parts of the total mechanisms which are in greatest need of further development and refinement. It is found ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A series of spinel Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} samples were synthesized via a composite molten-salt method (CMSM) using the mixtures of LiCl and KCl with different L values (L is defined as the molar ratio of LiCl:KCl) as the reaction media. It is found that the melting point of the composite molten salt can effectively influence the formation of particles, and leads to different electrochemical performances of the as-prepare Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}. The investigations of X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution (PSD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate that the as-prepared Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} with L = 1.5 is a pure phase, and has uniform homogeneous octahedral shape particles, rather narrow PSD, and high BET surface area. Electrochemical tests show that the optimized Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} with L = 1.5 has an initial discharge capacity of 169 mAh g{sup -1} and ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The bulky octahedral complex, Rh(bpy)₂chrysi³⁺ (chrysi = 5, 6- chrysenequinone diimine), binds single base mismatches in a DNA duplex with micromolar binding affinities...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of combustion conditions on conversion of char nitrogen to N2 was studied in the combustion experiment of char obtained by pyrolysis of coal. Char specimen was prepared by holding ZN coal of Chinese lignite in Ar atmosphere at 1123K for one hour. A batch scale quartz-made fluidized bed reactor was used for combustion experiment. After the specimen was fluidized in reaction gas, it was rapidly heated to start combustion reaction. CO, CO2 and N2 in produced gases were online measured by gas chromatography (GC). As the experimental result, under the incomplete combustion condition where a large amount of CO was produced by consuming almost all of O2, no NOx and N2O produced from char were found, and almost all of N-containing gas was N2. At the final stage of combustion, pyridinic-N disappeared completely, and pyrrolic-N decreased, while O-containing nitrogen complexes became a main component. It was thus suggested that O-containing ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carbothermal reduction-nitridation (CRN) of talc (Mg_3(Si_2O_5)_2(OH)_2) and halloysite (Al_2Si_2O_5(OH)_4) clay provides a useful route for preparing low-cost Mg-#alpha# sialon powder. In this study, the chosen molecular ratios of talc to halloysite were 0.1:1, 0.2:1, 1.5:1.0 and 2.0:1. The CRN reaction was conducted at 1450 to 1520 deg C and 2 to 6h holding time using carbon black as a reducing agent in flowing N_2 (gas). The results showed the synthesized powder was composed of #alpha#-sialon, #beta#-sialon and small amounts of SiC, 15R and AlN phases that greatly depended on the ratio of talc to halloysite, the reaction temperature and holding time. The highest content of Mg-#alpha# sialon, as much as 90wt%, was achieved at 1480 deg C for a holding time of 4h at a talc to halloysite ratio of 1.5:1.0. SiC was considered as an intermediate compound. We also discuss the evaporation loss of Mg caused by talc decomposing ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

New studies are always needed to better determine the physico-chemical processes involved in the combustion of natural gas. The understanding of the reaction mechanisms that lead to the formation of nitrogen oxides or volatile organic compounds requires to identify the inner mechanisms which take place during combustion and in particular the mechanisms of formation of intermediate products. The aim of this study is to analyze the thermal degradation of methane and ethane in low pressure pre-mixed stabilized laminar flames condition, because both of these compounds represent the major part of natural gas composition. The main chemical reaction ways identified in the studied flames and responsible for combustion have been identified after a comparison between experimental results and the computerized simulation performed using an a-priori postulated chemical mechanism. This study stresses on the transfer ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We synthesized Fe3O4Gg nanocomposites through a combination of solvothermal, hydrothermal, and chemical redox reactions. Characterization of the resulting samples by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic measurement is reported. Compared to Fe3O4g nanocomposites, the Fe3O4Gg nanocomposites showed enhanced antibacterial activity. The Fe3O4Gg nanocomposites were able to almost entirely prevent growth of Escherichia coli when the concentration of Ag nanoparticles was 10mg/mL. Antibacterial activity of the Fe3O4Gg nanocomposites was maintained for more than 40h at 37^oC. The intermediate carbon layer not only protects magnetic core, but also improves the dispersion and antibacterial activity of the...

Science.gov (United States)

The change in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the course of its decomposition was shown, catalyzed by 0.02 M PbI/sub 2/, 0.03 M CuI, 0.02 M KI, 0.02 M FeSo/sub 4/, 6 M HCl, and 1 M HCL + 2 M H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ at 25 C. It was suggested that in the process of the catalytic decomposition at the initial stage of the reaction, the formation of an intermediate active species containing positively charged halogen occurs; depending on the oxidative power of the counterion, the relative proportions of the hydrogen peroxide decomposing under the action of either the cation or the anion varied.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A series of cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance experiments have been carried out in order to investigate the effect of cathode composition and porosity on the electrochemical characteristics of strontium-doped lanthanum, praseodymium and gadolinium cobaltite cathodes. The impedance responses at different electrode potentials of the half cell and symmetric single cell setups are compared and analyzed by the equivalent circuit modeling method. The deconvolution of impedance spectra for single cell cathode and anode reactions contributions based on the results of simultaneous analysis of half cells and symmetric single cells has been made by differential impedance real part vs. ac frequency plot analysis method. Noticeable influence of cathode chemical composition, meso-porosity and macro-porosity on the electrochemical activity of the oxygen electroreduction has been demonstrated. Seeming activation energy values have been calculated ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A predictive reactivity of Cp_2An(IV)Me_2 (with An = uranium [U], neptunium [Np] and plutonium [Pu]) with pyridine N-oxide has been studied at the theoretical level. The predictive reaction, which consists in the formation of a formaldehyde complex, begins after the initial formation of a cyclo-metalated complex produced by a C-H activation of the pyridine N-oxide. A difference of reactivity between U/Pu and Np has been observed and has been attributed to the presence of a more covalent bond between Np and the carbene group in the transition state of formation of a transient carbene intermediate. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Color formation in aqueous solutions of the ditetrazolium salt blue tetrazolium (BT{sup 2+}) in the absence or presence of oxygen is a complex radiation chemical reaction. The final stable product is the poorly soluble diformazan violet to blue pigment having a broad spectral absorption band ({lambda}{sub max}=552 nm). The reaction of BT{sup 2+} with the hydrated electron proceeds by rapid reduction of BT{sup 2+} followed by protonation at the nitrogen closest to the unsubstituted phenyl group, via the two intermediate tetrazolinyl radicals shared by the ditetrazole ring nitrogens. The effect of solution pH, N{sub 2}O saturation, and the presence of the reducing agent dextrose are examined. The system serves as a radiochromic sensor and a dosimeter of ionizing radiations. Solutions of 5 mmol l{sup -1} BT{sup 2+} at pH 7.3 serve as dosimeters over an absorbed-dose range of approximately 0.2-6 kGy (dearated, with a range of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

64Cu (T1/2=12.7h, ?- decay: 40%, ?+ decay: 19%, E.C. decay: 41%) is one of the most useful radioisotope in the nuclear medicine due to its multiple decay mode and the intermediate half-life. Several nuclear reaction, i.e., 64Ni(p,n)64Cu, 68Zn(p,?n)64Cu and 64Ni(d,2n)64Cu have been investigated for production. The highest could be obtained with proton irradiation on the enriched 64Ni target. For mass and routine production, the 64Ni target fabrication using electroplating, the reliable chemical separation of 64Cu from the irradiated 64Ni target and the effective recovery process for the recycling of very expensive enriched material ($20,000/g) and so forth are absolutely necessary to be established. In this work, we report our mass production method of 64Cu with 64Ni and Cyclone-30 accelerator

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this review, the most important inorganic natural gels are presented: opal, aluminosilicate (allophanes) and hydrous iron oxides and silicates. It is demonstrated that natural gels are ordered at the atomic scale. In allophanes, Al is distributed between octahedral and tetrahedral sites. The amount of Al increases as Al/Si ratio decreases. Si-rich allophane have a local structure around Al and Si very different of that is known in kaolinite or halloysite. Transformation of Si-rich allophanes to crystallized minerals implies dissolution-recrystallization processes. On the contrary, in iron silicate with Fe/Si = 0.72, Si and Fe environments are close to those found in nontronite. The gel transformation to Fe-smectite may occur by long range ordering during ageing. In ferric silicate gels, the similarity of local structure around Fe in poorly ordered precursors and what is known in crystallized minerals suggests a solid transformation during ageing. This difference ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The emission of #alpha# particles in coincidence with the most deeply inelastic heavy-ion reactions has been studied for "1"8"1Ta + "1"6"5Ho at 1354 MeV laboratory energy and /sup nat/Ag + "8"4Kr at 664 MeV. #alpha# particle energy spectra and angular distributions, in coincidence with a projectile-like fragment, were acquired both in the reaction plane and out of the reaction plane at a fixed in-plane angle. The in-plane data for both systems are employed to show that the bulk of the #alpha# particles in coincidence with the deep-inelastic exit channel can be explained by evaporation from the fully accelerated fragments. Average velocity diagrams, #alpha#-particle energy spectra as a function of angle in several rest frames, and #alpha#-particle angular distributions are presented. The out-of-plane #alpha# particle angular distributions and the #gamma#-ray multiplicities are used to study the transfer and partitioning of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The rate coefficient for the title reaction has been determined using mixtures of nitric acid (HNO{sub 3}), carbon monoxide (CO), and argon in incident shock wave experiments. Upon shock heating, the nitric acid rapidly decomposes into OH and NO{sub 2}. The OH subsequently reacts predominantly via the title reaction. Quantitative OH time histories were obtained by continuous-wave (cw) narrow-linewidth UV laser absorption of the R{sub 1}(5) line of the A{sup 2}{Sigma}{sup +} {l_arrow} X{sup 2}{Pi}{sub i} (0,0) transition at 32,606.56 cm{sup {minus}1} (vacuum). In some experiments, helium was added to the reactant mixture to examine CO vibrational excitation effects on the rate coefficient determination. It was found that the rate of excited CO (v = 1) with OH is less than the rate of ground-state CO (v = 0) with OH, which is in agreement with previous state-dependent work. The experiments were conducted over the temperature range 1,090--2,370 K ...

CERN Document Server

Chapter one is a review of the relevant literature. In chapter two the coordination chemistry of biphenyl-tailed terpyridines with octahedral metal dications is investigated. The effect of different metal ions on their aggregation modes in the solid state is also investigated. In chapter three the coordination chemistry of polyaryl-tailed terpyridines with octahedral metal dications is investigated. The effect of different aryl tails on their aggregation modes in the solid state is investigated. In chapter four the pi-pi aggregation of molecular boxes through biphenyl tails is studied. In chapter five the immobilisation of aryl tailed complexes into polyelectrolyte films has been investigated, and the arrangement of these complexes in the films has been compared with same complexes in the crystal, thus moving from three dimensional aggregation to two dimensions.

J-STORE (Japan)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Ni(H_2O)_6 ion is located at an inversion center. Six octahedral water molecules surround the Ni"I"I ion and form hydrogen bonds with the sulfate groups. Each ammonium group binds to the sulfate groups through hydrogen bonds. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Under appropriate conditions, bismuth molybdates can catalyze a number of transformations of olefins with selective oxidation being of particular importance. Experimental evidence suggests that the propylene is activated to an allylic species by a site associated with the Bi and that the oxidation step occurs at an Mo site. In order to address the mechanistic steps associated with these Mo sites. The authors discuss the chemistry of terminal oxo and imido groups. They find that for surface sites such as 1 about, 2 about and 3 about, the presence of two double bonds leads to a much more active species than those with a single multiple bond. This leads to a situation similar to that in olefin metathesis by high oxidation state Mo catalysis where the (spectator) oxo group species promotes formation of the metallacycle intermediate by formation of a partial Mo==O triple bond that stabilizes the intermediate. Calculations suggest that the magnitude ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carbothermal reduction-nitridation (CRN) of SiO_2 is an attractive method for manufacturing Si_3N_4 powders with controlled grain morphology. Moreover, #beta#-sialon powders could also be synthesized from either pure powder mixtures or some inexpensive raw minerals by CRN. The resultant powders have shown some advantages, especially in manufacturing sialon products at low cost. However, there have been only a few works on preparing #alpha#-sialon powders. In this work, Ca-#alpha# sialon powder was synthesized by CRN of a SiO_2-Al_2O_3 and CaCO_3 powder mixture An unusual morphology of hollow balls of 200 to 500nm with many nano size #alpha#-sialon particles of 10 to 30nm was identified from the resultant Ca-#alpha# sialon powders. This has never been previously reported for sialon ceramics. It was consequently confirmed that the morphologies of the products were clearly related to the intermediate products appearing during CRN reaction. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Polypeptides, copolymers of #alpha#-amino acids and #alpha#-hydroxy acids, could prove to be a valuable new class of synthetic biodegradable polymers. In this paper. steps in synthesis of poly (dl-lactide-co-3, 6-dimethylmorpholine-2,5-dione) from dl-lactide and dl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine-2,5-dione was explained. dl-Lactide was synthesized from lactic acid. In the reaction of 2-bromopropionyl chloride and dl-alanine, N-(2-bromopropionyl)-dl-alanine was prepared and this material was converted to its salt and finally this salt was converted to 3,6-dimethylmorpholine-2,5-dione in a sublime r. These two monomers, that is d l-lactide and dl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine-2,5-dione was polymerized by ring-opening polymerization. F T-IR, "1H NMR, "1"3C NMR Spectra were used for structure elucidation of all intermediate compounds and final product.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lipid A from several strains of the N{sub 2}-fixing bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum displays significant structural differences from Escherichia coli lipid A, one of which is the complete absence of phosphate groups. However, the first seven enzymes of E. coli lipid A biosynthesis, leading from UDP-GlcNAc to the phosphorylated intermediate, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonate (Kdo{sub 2})-lipid IV{sub A}, are present in R. leguminosarum. We now describe a membrane-bound phosphatase in R. leguminosarum extracts that removes the 4{prime} phosphate of Kdo{sub 2}-lipid IV{sub A}. The 4{prime} phosphatase is selective for substrates containing the Kdo domain. It is present in extracts of R. leguminosarum biovars phaseoli, viciae, and trifolii but is not detectable in E. coli and Rhizobium meliloti. A nodulation-defective strain (24AR) of R. leguminosarum bovar trifolii, known to contain a 4{prime} phosphate residue on its lipid A, also lacks measurable 4{prime} phosphatase ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The nature of the electrolyte strongly influences the electrode kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and electrochemical ozone production (EOP) mainly by affecting the degree of coverage by the intermediates of both processes. The anomalous behaviour of the Tafel coefficient, b, as a function of temperature was attributed to surface adsorption of the electrolyte species, and the competition between them, as well as gas bubble adherence. Comparison of the current efficiencies of the EOP, PHI_E_O_P, determined for different temperatures and supporting electrolyte compositions, showed the presence of fluorinated anions increases PHI_E_O_P. The influence of the anion nature on PHI_E_O_P, when analysed in the light of the proposed electrode mechanism, reveals introduction into the electrolyte of anions having a high electronegativity changes the double layer structure resulting in an increase of surface concentration of the active centres ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cyclopropane isomerization to propylene over various Eu[sup 3+] loadings in NaX zeolite have been studied by measurements of steady-state and transient kinetics and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As Eu[sup 3+] loading increases, the rate of deactivation increases, the conversion increases, apparent activation energies are lowered, and Bronsted acid site strength and amounts increase. Apparent activation energies of 13-15 kcal/mol for propylene formation have been observed for these systems, consistent with literature reports for other metal supported heterogeneous catalyst systems. Deactivation studies have shown that activity can be restored by heating in He at 380[degrees]C between various temperature runs, and that gases desorbed during regeneration are predominantly propylene. Poisoning studies of Bronsted sites with Na vapor lead to deactivation of these catalysts. A reaction mechanism scheme based on [pi] allyl intermediates ...

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An apparatus is described for measuring the overall decontamination factor of first and second filters, the first and second filters being located in a plenum having an upstream chamber, an intermediate chamber, and a downstream chamber. The first filter is located between the upstream and intermediate chambers and the second filter is located between the intermediate and downstream chambers. The apparatus comprises a. an aerosol generator for producing a challenge aerosol composed of individual particles, the aerosol generator being in fluid communication with the upstream chamber; b. an upstream collector for collecting the challenge aerosol before the challenge aerosol enters the first filter, the upstream collector being disposed in the upstream chamber; c. an intermediate collector for collecting the challenge aerosol that passes through the first filter, the intermediate ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Single phase amorphous Al_xHf_1_0_0_-_x alloys with a wide amorphization range (33#<=#x#<=#75) were synthesized by the solid-state interdiffusion of pure polycrystalline Al and Hf powders at room temperature using a rod-milling technique. The mechanisms of metallic glass formation and competing crystallization processes in the mechanically deformed composite powders were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The numerous intimate layered composite particles of the diffusion couples that formed during the first and intermediate stages of milling (0-173 ks) are intermixed to form amorphous phase(s) upon heating to about 980 K by so-called thermally assisted solid-state amorphization (TASSA). The amorphization heat formation for the binary Al_xHf_1_0_0_-_x system via TASSA, #DELTA#H"T"A"S"S"A_a, was measured directly as a function of the milling time. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Single and binary metal molybdates of the formula AMoO{sub 4}, where A=Ni, Co, Mg,Mn and/or Zn, were investigated for the oxydehydrogenation of propane to propylene, as well as some ternary molybdates of the formula NiO{sub 0.45}Co{sub 0.45}X{sub 0.066}MoO{sub 4} where X=P, Bi, Fe, Cr, V and Ce. All catalysts were supported on SiO{sub 2} with an active phase/support ratio of 80/20 (wt%). The reaction is catalytic and not a gas phase initiated reaction. It is first order in propane, consistent with the abstraction of the methylene hydrogen being the rate limiting step. Propane conversions and propylene yields vary greatly depending on the metal of the molybdate and surface area of the catalyst. Highest propylene yields (16% at 26.6% propane conversion) are obtained with NiMoO{sub 4}/SiO{sub 2}. Conversion and yield are significantly influenced by the molybdenum content of the compositions. The effect is biggest in the nickel molybdate system. ...

Science.gov (United States)

In this study, considering that Hg(2+) in wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems can easily be reduced and then released into atmosphere, causing secondary pollution, the researches about Hg(2+) reduction and Hg(0) re-emission mechanism were carried out. The effects of several experimental parameters on the reduction were studied, including initial pH, temperature, and concentrations of Cl(-) and S(IV). Our experimental results indicated that Cl(-) had a restraining effect on the Hg(2+) reduction and Hg(0) re-emission, after 24h reaction, only 20.5% of Hg(2+) was reduced with 100mM Cl(-) in simulated desulfurization solution. Cl(-) can slow Hg(2+) reduction and Hg(0) re-emissions dramatically through changing reaction mechanism, with formation of new intermediate: ClHgSO(3)(-), which can decompose to Hg(0), but much more slowly than Hg(SO(3))(2)(2-) or HgSO(3). Simulating the conditions of the practical application ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... capture radioisotopes energy levels excited states intermediate mass nuclei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The influence of Cr on the structure and electrochemical properties of LiCoVO{sub 4} was studied using X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman Spectroscopy and cycle tests. Doping levels up to 10 mol% were achieved, which improved the electrochemical stability of the structure of LiCoVO{sub 4}, resulting in a significant increase in the initial charge and discharge capacity. The Raman spectroscopy data for the Cr-doped LiCoVO{sub 4} is similar as for LiCoVO{sub 4}. The replacement of a dopant for the Co-ion in the inverse spinel structure causes several Raman shifts. The X-ray diffraction patterns show no new phases and combined with the Raman spectroscopy data it is concluded that the Cr dopant will be located at the octahedral site (16d) where they create an electronic pathway that enhances the electronic conductivity. However, the capacity dropped significantly after prolonged cycling, which is due to the diffusion of V{sup 5+} ions from the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The cross sections for proton-proton elastic scattering at Fermilab and ISR energies are investigated in the framework of the multiple constituent scattering formalism, including the contributions of the inelastic intermediate states. We find that the higher-order multiple scattering amplitudes are strongly suppressed due to the presence of the inelastic intermediate states. The calculated cross sections reproduce the high energy experimental data fairly well. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A few metal complexes of isatin-isonicotinoylhydrazone with Ni(II), Cr(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) have been prepared and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, infrared and electronic spectra as well as "1H NMR spectra, conductivity and magnetic measurements. In view of the results obtained, it has been found that two molecules of isatin-isonicotinoylhydrazone are chelated to the central metal ion as bis-uninegative ONO tridentate ligand forming non-electrolytic octahedral metal complexes. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... charge-exchange reactions dwba finite-range interactions helium 3 reactions

Science.gov (United States)

Permeable reactive barriers (PRB) are a promising technology for the remediation of groundwater containing a range of organic and inorganic contaminants. Although there are number of different types of reactive barriers, some of the most important are constructed from granular zero valent iron (ZVI). One challenge in the large- scale, long-term implementation of PRBs is to monitor the change in barrier properties over time. For example, mineral precipitates can reduce the effectiveness of the barrier by either insulating the reaction surfaces of the ZVI particles and/or by filling the pore space in the barrier and thus reducing its hydraulic permeability. Previous research has shown that resistivity and induced polarization (IP) measurements are sensitive to corrosion and precipitation due to redox reactions between ions in solution and the ZVI mineral surface. New field studies, supported by additional laboratory studies appear to confirm ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coal liquefaction investigations required the availability of model compounds for mechanistic investigations. Towards this end, IITRI was funded to develop an approach for the synthesis of one of the target compound. This study was carried out in several phases as outlined here. Initial synthetic investigations on obtaining 2-tetrolol was carried out using high pressure and temperature reduction with Raney nickel catalyst. The next step consisted in incorporation of a hydroxymethyelene group at the C-3 position. This was successfully carried out utilizing 2-tetrolol, formaldehyde, and calcium oxide. An alternate improved method was developed using 3-carboxyl-2-naphthol. This required less time, gave a cheer product in higher yield. Efforts at the introduction of a chloromethylene group only yielded polymeric material or starting material in spite of protection the phenolic group by various groups. They synthesis of 3, 5-dimethyl-6- bromobenzyl chloride was successfully carried out by ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The symmetrical complexes [{sup 99m}Tc][TcN(R{sub 2}PS{sub 2}){sub 2}] [R = CH{sub 3}, CH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}, CH{sub 2}CH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}, CH{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}], and the unsymmetrical complex [{sup 99m}Tc][TcN(Me{sub 2}PS{sub 2})(Et{sub 2}PS{sub 2})] have been prepared, at tracer level, through a two-step procedure involving the preliminary formation of a prereduced technetium nitrido intermediate followed by substitution reaction onto this species by the appropriate dithiophosphinate ligand [R{sub 2}PS{sub 2}]Na. The chemical identity of the resulting complexes have been established by comparison with the corresponding {sup 99}Tc-analogs prepared, at macroscopic level, by reacting the complex [{sup 99}TcNCl{sub 4}] [n-Bu{sub 4}N] (n-Bu = n-butyl) with an excess of ligand in methanol, and characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic techniques. The complexes are neutral and lipophilic, and possess a square pyramidal geometry, with ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

porous silica ceramics were prepared(with HCL catalyst)using H{sub 2}O/TEOS molar ratios of 2.6-59.0, with the EtOH/TEOS ratio fixed. After preparing 9 kinds of sol, the followings were investigated; measurement of the gelation time, thermal analyses by TG/DTA, property analyses of the intermediates by FT-IR and X-ray diffractometry with dried samples, analyses of SiO{sub 2} polymer by FT-IR, the investigation of specific surface area and pore size distribution by N{sub 2}-adsorption isotherm, and structural change of SiO{sub 2} polymer and pore morphology by TEM observation, with samples heat-treated to 500 deg. C. In the concentrations of investigated compositions and catalyst, gelation time showed a minimum at ca. 11 moles of water per one mole of TEOS, the highest degree of polymerization at ca.8-18 moles, and the largest specific surface area at ca. 11 moles, which means that the polymerization proceeded fastest at ca. 11 moles of water. In conclusion, the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

By means of an audio frequency plasma polymerisation ultra-thin gradient plasma polymer layers were deposited on zinc and zinc-coated iron. The aim was to generate an interfacial polymeric layer which bonds to an oxidised metal as well as to a subsequently applied organic coating and acts as an interfacial barrier layer for ions and water. Surface modifications were done in an in situ plasma cell with infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). The zinc surface was first activated by an oxygen plasma to provide a freshly oxidised and contamination free oxide surface. The intermediate stages of the surface reactions could be revealed. Carbon dioxide molecules as oxidation products adsorbed on the growing zinc oxide and were desorbed at a later stage. An organosilicon plasma polymer was deposited directly on top of the oxide layer from a hexamethyldisilane (HMDS) plasma. Afterwards a cyclohexene (CHEX)/hexamethyldisilane co-plasma ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents the work performed at the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) during the second program quarter from October 1, 1993 to December 31, 1993, under Department of Energy (DOE) Contract No. DE-AC22-93PC92114. This program has co-ordinated funding for Task 1 from IGT`s Sustaining Membership Program (SMP), while DOE is funding Tasks 2--8. Progress in all tasks are reported. The overall objective of this research project is to develop a catalytic process to convert natural gas to liquid transportation fuels. The process consists of two steps that each utilize catalysts and sulfur containing intermediates: (1) to convert natural gas to CS{sub 2} and (2) to convert CS{sub 2} to gasoline range liquids. Experimental data will be generated to demonstrate the potential of catalysts and the overall process. During this quarter, progress in the following areas has been made. An existing unit at IGT was modified to accommodate the sulfur feedstocks and the higher ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Data are presented from the intermediate scale borehole test, an in situ test fielded in the pillar separating Rooms C1 and C2 at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). The test was to provide data on the influence of scale, if any, on the structural behavior of underground openings in salt. These data include selected fielding information, test configuration, instrumentation activities, and comprehensive results from a large number of gages. Construction of the test began in December 1989, with the drilling of the intermediate scale borehole in December 1990. Gage data in this report cover the period from January 1989 through June 1993.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Intraionic spin-orbit--split multiplet levels have been observed by electronic Raman scattering in the intermediate-valence compound EuPd_2Si_2. From the temperature dependence of the Raman peak positions and widths the interconfigurational excitation energy E/sub x/ and an upper limit of the interconfigurational mixing width T/sub f/, respectively, have been obtained. This is the first spectroscopic support for the underlying assumptions of the ionic interconfigurational fluctuation model that has been proposed to describe intermediate valence.

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No abstract prepared

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Computer vision imposes unique requirements on the representation and manipulation of image data and knowledge. At a vision system's lowest level are sensors that represent an image with purely numeric image arrays, while at the highest level are semantic world models that provide the final interpretation of the scene. In between are thousands of intermediate descriptions, many of which must be repeatedly accessed and processed during interpretation. In this article, the authors describe a representation and management system for use at the intermediate (symbolic) level of vision. Based on database management methodology, the intermediate symbolic representation (ISR) mediates access to intermediate-level vision data and forms an active interface to the higher-level inference processes that construct an image's interpretation. The system supports important types of data and operations ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Citrate and lactose fermentation are subject to the same metabolic regulation. In both processes, pyruvate is the key intermediate. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The passive films formed on 316L stainless steel in various NaCl solutions have been investigated by capacitance measurements (Mott-Schottky). Pitting parameters have been determined using the galvano-kinetic polarisation method. The obtained results reveal the existence of a shallow and a deep donor level localised in the band gap of the semiconducting oxide film. These energy levels are due to iron ions in the tetrahedral and octahedral positions. It also appears that the participation of the deep donor level effects the electric field. The study developed allows us to compare characteristic parameters of the electronic structure of the passive film to those related to pitting susceptibility. (authors) 25 refs.

CERN Document Server

Warm-intermediate inflationary universe models in the context of braneworld cosmologies, are studied. This study is done in the weak and strong dissipative regimes. We find that, the scalar potentials and dissipation coefficients in terms of the scalar field, evolves as type-power-law and powers of logarithms, respectively. General conditions required for these models to be realizable are derived and discussed. We also study the scalar and tensor perturbations for each regime. We use recent astronomical observations to constraint the parameters appearing in the braneworld models.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The application of kinetic probes that allow one to determine relative reactivities of biologically relevant substrates with oxidizing intermediates in the Fenton reagent (H2O2 plus Fe2+ in acidic aqueous...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Data on the reactions of thiocyanogen and thiocyanogen halides with unsaturated compounds are systematised. The kinetic and stereo- and regiochemical regularities of these reactions are analysed. The bibliography includes 81 references.

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The authors report that the replacement of Leu-93 in bacteriorhodopsin by Ala (L93A) or Thr (L93T) slows down the photocycle by approximately 100-fold relative to wild-type bacteriorhodopsin. Time-resolved visible absorption spectroscopy and resonance Raman experiments, respectively, show the presence of long-lived O-like and N-like intermediates in the photocycles of the above mutants. We infer the existence of an equilibrium between the N and O intermediates in the photocycles of these mutants. The L93A and L93T mutants exhibit normal proton pumping under continuous illumination, suggesting that the decay of the N and/or O intermediate, and consequently, proton translocation, can be accelerated by the absorption of a second photon. Since the 13-cis----all-trans reisomerization of retinal is completed during the decay of the N and O intermediates, they conclude that the interaction of Leu-93 with ...

Science.gov (United States)

Five hydrated inorganic divalent cations, Mg[sup 2+], Co[sup 2+], Ni[sup 2+], Cu[sup 2+], and Zn[sup 2+], have successfully been used as templates for the synthesis of manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (OMS-1) having the todorokite structure. The OMS-1 samples have been well characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray studies, inductively coupled plasma analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thiosulfate titration, and cyclohexane sorption. Catalytic CO oxidation and 2-propanol decomposition were carried out. Results show that these OMS-1 samples with a tunnel size of about 6.9 angstroms are crystalline and chemically pure. They have the following formulas: Mg[sub 3.17]Mn[sub 5.05]O[sub 12] [center dot] 4.52H[sub 2]O, Co[sub 1.84]Mn[sub 5.59]O[sub 12] [center dot] 3.45H[sub 2]O, Ni[sub 1.64]Mn[sub ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The nuclear reactions are described which govern the stellar evolution.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A comparative process can be shown for the design of combined fuel cell powerstations. It is worth noting that the output of a combined powerstation working reversibly is independent of the thermodynamic state of the cell, and only depends on the reaction and thermodynamic state of the environment. The potential efficiency of gas-fired combined fuel cell powerstations is estimated at 80%. The fuel cell proves to be an isothermal heat source and not an adiabatic fluegas generator. This applies generally for all combustion power processes. Compared with external reforming, the integration of the reforming in the whole process leads to distinct advantages in efficiency if the possibilities of using the waste heat of intermediate thermal power processes are fully exploited. The plant implementation with an SOFC gas turbine process shows that realisation of a relatively simple plant concept leads to efficiencies distinctly above 70%. The enclosure ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... alpha reactions internal conversion iridium 187 iridium 188 iridium 189 isomeric

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... bcs theory electron reactions excited states form factors inelastic scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The foundation of a drill unit for cluster drilling of wells is proposed, which includes support, intermediate, and primary girders, forward and rear carts attached to them, railways and traction units. In order to improve operating reliability of the device during unloading on the cart during drilling and placement of the elevator and movement of the foundation within the area of the cluster of boreholes, it is equipped with controllable rods for connecting the carts to one another with the power component. Each of the power components is attached by hinges to a cart and intermediate girder, while the railways with parts are located on supporting girders. The forward carts are connected to the traction units. In order to reduce labor in moving the foundation to a new borehole of the cluster the foundation has brackets and temporary support. The power components have braces which are connected by hinges to them in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An experiment has been performed to investigate the chemical reaction between the liquid phases of the eutectic lithium-lead (Li/sub 17/Pb/sub 83/) and water. The reactants and products were constrained within a closed reaction vessel, allowing the extent of reaction to be determined from the partial pressure of the hydrogen reaction product. The data from the tests showed that the extent of reaction did not depend upon the water temperature. The data also indicated that the extent of reaction passed through a maximum as the initial liquid metal temperature was varied from 350 to 500 C, and a model was developed to explain this behavior. 11 refs., 3 figs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We recently identified a cDNA encoding a putative isovaleryl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis (AtIVD). In animals, this homotetrameric enzyme is located in mitochondria and catalyzes the...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks has been an intensively studied topic in bioinformatics since it constitutes an intermediate step from explorative to causative gene expression...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Currently, the outcome of patients with intermediate-and poor-risk germ cell tumors at diagnosis is optimized by the use of risk-appropriate chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy surgical resection of...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The influence of obesity on the metabolism of apolipoprotein B (apo B) in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was investigated...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In Pseudomonas paucimobilis UT26, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) is converted by two steps of dehydrochlorination to a chemically unstable intermediate, 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-1,4-cyclohexadiene...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The antitumor agent camptothecin targets DNA topoisomerase I by reversibly stabilizing a covalent enzyme-DNA intermediate. The subsequent collision of DNA replication forks with these drug-enzyme-DNA...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Numerous xenobiotics, including therapeutics agents, are substrates for bioactivation to electrophilic reactive intermediates that may covalently modify biomolecules. Selective estrogen receptor...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

After presenting a general account of the observed global properties of single stars of low, intermediate, and high mass, together with their theoretical Hertzsprung-Russell diagram evolution, attention is given to the observed properties of various evolved close binaries and to an assessment of the value of comparisons between observation and crude theory in characterizing the physics of mass transfer within interacting binary systems. Detailed consideration is then undertaken of such topics as stellar evolution in globular clusters, interior star changes due to nucleosynthesis and mixing, asymptotic giant branch stars of intermediate mass, the response of white dwarfs in binary systems to mass accretion, and scenarios for binary star evolution tending toward close white dwarf pairs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present the efficient technique to extract the signal of the intermediate mass Higgs boson from the backgrounds at future {gamma}{gamma} colliders. For a clear Higgs detection, it is important to fit the original electron accelerator energy depending on the Higgs mass, to set the polarization of the photon beams and to apply the efficient b quark tagging method. we demonstrate the extraction of information of Higgs parameters and the new physics from the observable physical quantities. It is clearly shown that a future {gamma}{gamma} collider will have a rich potential for study on the new physics, as well as the Higgs physics. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The clinical and radiographic features of the intermediate form of osteopetrosis in two sibs are presented in which the disorder appears to have been inherited as a recessive trait. Although this form of osteopetrosis has been poorly delineated, its recognition is practically important in order to give an accurate prognosis. This paper also presents an unusual complication of bilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral head in the younger sib. Radiographic changes of the femoral heads suggest those of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, though the possibility of avascular necrosis following unrecognized femoral neck fracture is not completely excluded. (orig.).

Science.gov (United States)

Polycrystalline soft ferrite, Cu1+xSixFe2?2xO4 (x=0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.3) were prepared by standard ceramic technique. The X-ray analysis confirmed the single phase formation of the samples up to x=0.1 beside a second phase for x?0.15. The lattice parameter was found to decrease with composition(x), which is attributed to ionic size difference of cations involved. The bulk density measurements shows two different behavior for x0.15. The IR spectra of Cu Si ferrite system have been analyzed in the frequency range 200 1200 cm?1. It revealed two prominent bands ?1 and ?2 which are assigned to tetrahedral and octahedral metal complexes, respectively. The position of the highest frequency band is around 575 cm?1 while the lower frequency band is around 400 cm?1.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Susceptibility data of freshly precipitated nitroprussides TM[Fe(CN){sub 5}NO] n H{sub 2}O (TM=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) follow very well modified Curie-Weiss law down to T=5 K indicating paramagnetic state; nitroprusside (NP) containing Zn is diamagnetic with a sign of paramagnetic contribution. Deviation from Curie-Weiss law and magnetization measurements on MnNP, FeNP and CoNP below T=5 K can indicate ferrimagnetic ordering at low temperatures. A hysteresis behaviour in ZFC and FC magnetisation with the temperature of bifurcation T{sub b}=6 K was found for CoNP and FeNP. Moessbauer spectra taken at room temperature (besides FeNP) consist of a single symmetric quadrupole-split doublet with parameters {delta} and {delta} typical for Fe{sup II} ions in octahedral sites. A more complicated spectrum of FeNP is a consequence of different Fe environments.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), optical, infrared and Raman spectral studies have been carried out on vanadyl ions doped in polyvinylalcohol (PVA) films. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters (g and A) and the molecular orbital coefficients (#beta#_2"*"2 and k) have been evaluated. The values of spin-Hamiltonian parameters confirm that the vanadyl ions are present in PVA films as VO"2"+ molecular ions in an octahedral site with a tetragonal compression (C_4_v). The temperature variation EPR studies reveal that the variation of number of spins with temperature is in accordance with Boltzmann law. It is interesting to observe that the variation of susceptibility with temperature obeys Curie-Weiss law. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectrum exhibits few bands, which are attributed to O-H, C-H, C-C and C-O groups of stretching and bending vibrations. The optical absorption spectrum exhibits two bands, which are assigned to "2B_2_g->"2B_1_g and "2B_2_g->"2E_g ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The exchange charge model of crystal field theory has been used to analyze systematically the ground state absorption spectra of octahedrally coordinated Ni{sup 2+} ion in isostructural nickel halide crystals NiCl{sub 2}, NiBr{sub 2}, and NiI{sub 2}. The parameters of the crystal field acting on the Ni{sup 2+} ion are calculated from the available crystal structure data. The obtained energy level schemes are compared with experimental absorption spectra; a good agreement with experimental data is demonstrated. Dependencies of the crystal field invariants and covalence effects on the type of ligands are considered. It is shown numerically that the overlap effects between Ni{sup 2+} ion and ligands increase with an increase of the ligands' atomic number resulting in the following order of the degree of covalence: NiI{sub 2}>NiBr{sub 2}>NiCl{sub 2}.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new two-step solid-state process was developed for synthesis of a pure phase 4.7 V LiMn{sub 1.5}Ni{sub 0.5}O{sub 4-{delta}} (LMNO) spinel of good electrochemical properties. This process which was based on formation of stable Ni{sub 1-x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4-{delta}} (x {<=} 0.33) spinel followed by subsequent lithiation, demonstrated the emerging of LiMn{sub 1.5}Ni{sub 0.5}O{sub 4-{delta}} frame work at temperatures of as low as 350 C. During this lithiation process, migration of metal ions (Ni/Mn) from partially occupied tetrahedral 8a sites (in Ni{sub 0.67}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4-{delta}}) toward octahedral 16d site occurred. The resultant spinel material displayed low irreversible loss, a 97% columbic efficiency and 6% loss in discharge capacity after 100 cycles at 60 C. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

Semiclassical analysis of heavy ion induced transfer reactions are discussed for the quasielastic region. Some unique aspects of these reactions are shown, the variety of features which can be understood semiclassically is demonstrated, and some open problems are indicated. 28 refs., 16 figs. (LEW)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... states helium 3 reactions ion sources mev range 10-100 neutron spectrometers

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The effects of temperatures, durations of treatment, and derivations from spermatophores or spermaries on in vitro acrosome reaction of the spermatozoa in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:17236670

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Possible explanations are given for the observed asymmetry of the analyzing power in several (rho,..pi../sup -/) reactions.

Norwegian Open Research Archives (NORA)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... halogenation ionizing radiations kinetics radiations reaction kinetics

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... radiation parity photonuclear reactions polarized beams resonance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have developed a set of modeled nuclear reaction cross sections for use in radiochemical diagnostics. Systematics for the input parameters required by the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model were developed and used to calculate neutron induced nuclear reaction cross sections for targets ranging from osmium (Z = 76) to gold (Z = 79). Of particular interest are the cross sections on Ir and Au including reactions on isomeric targets.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short note.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A direct process of making ethylenediamine dinitrate through the reaction of ethylenediamine and ammonium nitrate.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... compounds plants radiation effects radioisotopes reaction kinetics trees

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abstract not provided

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We study double Higgs boson production at future linear colliders while paying special attention to the option of high-energy and high-luminosity photon beams. The main purpose is to examine the feasibility of e"+e"-, #gamma#e, and #gamma##gamma# colliders in order to establish bounds on the value of triple Higgs coupling, which could be crucial for understanding a spontaneous breaking mechanism. We consider mainly those cases of light and intermediate Higgs bosons, including an analysis of the electroweak backgrounds. The mass range M_H#approx#M_Z is discussed separately. It is shown that for a light Higgs boson the H"3 coupling can be visible, even at a future linear e"+e"- collider at 500 GeV. For an intermediate Higgs boson, a collider with TeV energies is suitable for investigations. We estimate the bounds on the anomalous H"3 coupling which can be experimentally established at future linear colliders. copyright 1996 The American Physical ...

CERN Document Server

Measurements of the small-, intermediate-, and large-ion concentrations and the atmospheric electric conductivity of both polarities have been made over the Arabian Sea on four cruises of ORV Sagarkanya during the Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX)during the monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons of 2002 and 2003. Seasonally averaged values of the total as well as polar conductivity are much higher during the monsoon than pre-monsoon season. Surprisingly, however, the concentration of small ions are less and those of large and intermediate ions are more during the monsoon than pre-monsoon season. The diurnal variations observed during the pre-monsoon season show that the nighttime small ion concentrations are about an order of magnitude higher than their daytime values. On the contrary, the daytime concentrations of the intermediate and large ions are much higher than those of their nighttime values. No such diurnal variations ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The reactions of the hydroxyl radical with hydrocarbons and fluoro hydrocarbons attract significant attention due to their importance in atmospheric chemistry. Its reactions with the two first hydrocarbons, methane and ethane are of special interest because, owing to the small size of these systems, they serve as a prototype for the theoretical studies of hydrogen abstraction reactions. In this work, the reaction and activation energies of the hydroxyl radical abstraction reaction with methane and ethane have been investigated by correlated ab initio and DFT methods. The DFT reaction energies are in good agreement with experimental values, but the activation energies may be in severe error. (authors) 22 refs.

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The intermediate silicon layers detector (ISL) was proposed as a part of the upgraded CDF detector at the RUN-II of the Tevatron mean value of pp collider at Fermilab, scheduled to start in year 2000. The ISL is a large-radius (20-30 cm) silicon tracker with a total active area of about 3.5 m. Located in the region between the silicon vertex detector and the central outer tracker, the ISL will allow tracking in the forward region and significantly improve it in the central area. Together with the SVX II the ISL forms a standalone, 3D silicon tracker. The challenge is to build a low-cost device which provides precise 3 D tracking in a approximately equal to 2 m long area with a minimal amount of material for the supporting structure. The conceptual design and the status of the project are reviewed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present production rates of the two- and three-jet final states for the processes of massive cc/bb quark production in circularly polarized photon-photon collisions, including QCD radiative corrections. Lowest-order cross section, one-loop virtual correction, and gluon emission correction are shown to be of the same order of magnitude for bb quark production at s_#gamma#_#gamma# similar 100 GeV. It is shown that the signal from an intermediate mass Higgs boson is observable at a photon-photon collider, though the statistical significance is substantially reduced with respect to the tree-level calculation. ((orig.)).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main intermediate filament protein in mature astrocytes, but also an important component of the cytoskeleton in astrocytes during development. Major recent developments in astrocyte biology and the discovery of novel intermediate filament functions enticed the interest in the function of GFAP. The discovery of various GFAP splice variants gave an additional boost to explore this protein in more detail.The structural role of GFAP in astrocytes has been widely accepted for a long time, but over the years, GFAP has been shown to be involved in astrocyte functions, which are important during regeneration, synaptic plasticity and reactive gliosis. Moreover, different subpopulations of astrocytes have been identified, which are likely to have distinc...

CERN Document Server

Gravitational lensing distorts the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization fields and encodes valuable information on distances and growth rates at intermediate redshifts into the lensed power spectra. The non-Gaussian bandpower covariance induced by the lenses is negligible to l=2000 for all but the B polarization field where it increases the net variance by up to a factor of 10 and favors an observing strategy with 3 times more area than if it were Gaussian. To quantify the cosmological information, we introduce two lensing observables, characterizing nearly all of the information, which simplify the study of non-Gaussian impact, parameter degeneracies, dark energy models, and complementarity with other cosmological probes. Information on the intermediate redshift parameters rapidly becomes limited by constraints on the cold dark matter density and initial amplitude of fluctuations as observations improve. Extraction of ...

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The stratigraphic bore GSQ Ipswich 26 was drilled by the Department of Mines southeast of Ipswich in 1981. Late Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Moreton and Ipswich Basins were encountered above 919.9 m depth. Below this depth acid to intermediate volcanic rocks and minor amounts of interbedded volcanogenic sediments were intersected, also probably of Late Trassic age. The bore reached a total depth of 1238.8 m in volcanogenic conglomerates and sandstones.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Improved boundary conditions for the cultivation and utilization of renewable feedstocks in Europe as well as advances in the manufacture and use of intermediate products, special and fine chemicals, and new materials on this basis were the topics of a second symposium, organized this time by Hoechst AG, together with the federal ministry of food, agriculture and forestry, in Frankfurt-Hoechst on May 5th and 6th. With more than 300 attendants from the sectors politics, farming, industry, science and administration, the meeting again encountered great interest. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper deals with the disposal of radioactive waste and the plans for dealing with solid wastes of intermediate and low levels of activity, which are the responsibility of NIREX. NIREX is an executive body which co-ordinates the waste-disposal plans of the main radioactive waste producers. The disposal routes for the active wastes are described including the deep disposal of wastes containing material that will remain active for thousands of years. Requirements for deep burial are outlined with reference to the geology and hydrogeology of the site. Monitoring, maintenance and surveillance are mentioned for the protection of the public.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to investigate nonlinear gravitational galaxy clustering, three different quantitative analyses were carried out: two-point correlation functions, {xi}(r); fractal dimensions, D{sub q}; and f(N) statistics. The relation between the exponent {gamma} of the correlation function ({xi}(r) {proportional to} r{sup -{gamma}}) and the fractal dimensions, D{sub q}, was derived with the help of the probability distribution function, f(N), for finding N galaxies within a volume V. The methods were applied to analyze the results of N-body simulations with power law initial density fluctuations ( {delta}{sub k} {sup 2} {proportional to} k{sup n}, n = 1, 0, -1 and -2). These analyses show that the exponent, {gamma}, of the power law {xi}(r) is approximately 2 in the nonlinear regime for models with n = 1 and 0. For models with n = -1 and -2, the correlation functions comprise two parts of the intermediate and small scales in the nonlinear regime. The exponent of {xi}(r) ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The existence of a narrow peak of electron state density in A-15 is explained by a strong electron-phonon interaction that brings about the polaron narrowing of zone. In the supposition of weak and intermediate bond, the analytical expression for the critical transition temperature is found that corre lates Tsub(c) with phonon spectrum. The model permits to explain Tsub(c) correlation with the number of electrons per atom, temperature direction of resistance, value and temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility and electron tehrmal capacity.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Analysis of published NMR relaxation data of /sup 6/Li and /sup 7/Li in Li/sub 3/N leads to a unique model fo Li/sup +/ hopping along the c-axis. It is one in which an ion goes directly from one Li(1) plane to another Li(1) plane by passing through the intermediate Li(2) plane.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We report on solid solution CePd[sub 2-x]Mn[sub x]Si[sub 2] which shows an interesting transition of the Ce-ion from magnetism in a Kondo regime to an intermediate valence state coupled with a strongly magnetic 3d sublattice. ((orig.))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In a theory where the local observables are determined by local field algebras as the fixed points under a (a priori noncommutative) group of gauge transformations of the first kind, we show that, if the field algebras possess intermediate type I factors, we can construct observables having the meaning of local charge measurements, and local current algebras in the field algebras.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fractal dimensions of three different samples of lanthanum ferrite were computed using single adsorption method. The fractal Dubinin-Radushkevitch isotherm was used to fit directly the experimental nitrogen adsorption data. Avnir-Jaroniec method for fractal dimension determination was also used. Low and intermediate fractal dimensions were obtained according to BET specific surface areas.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In normal subjects, apolipoprotein E (apo E) is present on very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) (fraction I) and on particles of a size intermediate between VLDL and low density lipoproteins (LDL) (fraction...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A total of 6360 mud samples were obtained, in 62 collections made with an exhaustive sampling device, from banana drains on the West Indian island of St Lucia during fortnightly samplings over a 2½-year...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The retrovirus-like particles of Drosophila are intermediates of retrotransposition of the transposable element copia. In these particles, a 39-nucleotide-long fragment from the 5' region of Drosophila...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Alkylation of DNA by 7r,8t-dihydroxy,9t,10t-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (anti-BPDE) forms mainly trans adducts (with respect to the C-9/10...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

AbstractT-box family transcription factors play many roles in Metazoan development. Here we characterise Tbx6r, a unique Tbx6 paralogue isolated from the amphibian Xenopus....Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The oxygen vacancies distribution in the rigid lattice and the thermally activated motion of oxygen atoms are studied in La1-xSrxGa1-xMgxO3-x (x=0.00; 0.05; 0.10; 0.15 and 0.20) compounds. For that 71Ga, 25Mg and 17O NMR was performed from 100 K up to 670 K, and ion conductivity measurements were carried out up to 1273 K. The comparison of the electric field gradients at the Ga- and Mg-sites evidences that oxygen vacancies appear exclusively near gallium cations as a species trapped below room temperature in local clusters, GaO5/2-#square#-GaO5/2. These clusters decay at higher temperature into mobile constituents of the structural octahedra Ga(O5/6#square#1/6)6/2. At the same time, the nearest octahedral oxygen environment of magnesium cations persists at different doping levels. The case of two adjacent vacant anion sites is found highly unlikely within the studied doping range. The thermally activated oxygen motion starts to develop above room temperature as is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A family of mixed LiCo{sub y}Ni{sub (1-y)}VO{sub 4} (y=0.2, 0.5 and 0.8) compounds of potential use as high voltage cathode materials in lithium batteries, has been synthesized and characterized. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that these compounds adopt an inverse spinel structure where in average 85% of the Ni{sup 2+} and Co{sup 2+} ions occupy octahedral sites and the other 15% occupy tetrahedral sites with the V{sup 5+} ions, although this occupation share is somewhat influenced by the preparation temperature. The annealing temperature plays also a key role in determining the particle size, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscope analysis. Cycling voltammetry tests showed that the lithium insertion-deinsertion process in the LiCo{sub y}Ni{sub (1-y)}VO{sub 4} electrode materials occurs reversibly around 4.3-4.4 V vs. Li, as also confirmed by cycling tests. The cycling capacity is somewhat modest; however, the trend of the cycling curves leads to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The exchange charge model (ECM) of crystal field is utilized to provide the theoretical explanation of the ground state absorption and the excited state absorption observed for the octahedrally coordinated Ni{sup 2+} ions in the spinel MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}. The ECM enables modeling of the crystal field parameters (CFPs) for the impurity ions based on the crystal structure data of the host lattice. To ensure the reliability of the CFPs, the convergence of the CFP values with the increasing number of the coordination spheres taken into account in the ECM calculations is considered. The trigonal CFPs B{sub 2}{sup 0},B{sub 4}{sup 0}andB{sub 4}{sup -3} determined by the ECM, together with the appropriate Racah parameters B and C, serve as input to two crystal field analysis computer packages, which compute the energy level schemes within the whole 3d{sup 8} configuration. The cubic approximation utilizing only one CFP Dq is also discussed. Basic features of the ground ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Europium (Eu) ions-doped titanate nanowires were synthesized via a sol-gel-hydrothermal chemistry and they were found to be roll multilayered trititanate-type nanowires intercalated with Eu3+ and alkali ions. The average diameter was about 20 nm for nanowires synthesized in NaOH solution and about 10 nm for nanowires synthesized in KOH solution. Under ultraviolet excitation the nanowires showed bright red emission corresponding to 5D0-7Fj of Eu3+ ions at room temperature, which was attributed to the non-radiative energy transfer from the surrounding Ti-O octahedral nanosheets to the central Eu3+ ions in interlayer. The luminescent properties of nanowires were influenced by the type of co-intercalated alkali ions, doping degree, hydrothermal and annealing temperatures. The intensity ratio of 5D0-7F2 to 5D0-7F1 of titanate nanowires intercalated with Eu3+ and Na+ ions was higher than that of titanate nanowires intercalated with Eu3+ and K+ ions. The emission ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The metal parts of cardiac valve prostheses cause reactions in the surrounding tissues of the heart. In some dogs rather abnormal reactions were found, and were attributed to corrosion of the stainless...Full Text Available

CERN Multimedia

The measurement of polarization in backward scattering for the reactions $\\pi^{+} p \\rightarrow p \\pi^{+},K^{+} p \\rightarrow p K^{+}$ and $\\;\\pi^{+} p \\rightarrow \\Sigma^{+} K^{+}$

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report discusses the following topics: Fusion-fission in light nuclear systems; High-resolution Q-value measurement for the {sup 24}Mg+{sup 24}Mg reaction; Heavy-ion reactions and limits to fusion; and Hybrid MWPC-Bragg curve detector development.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The A(..pi../sup +/,/sup 3/He)B reaction near threshold is studied in a model where the pion is absorbed by an /sup 4/He constituent of the target nucleus. The predictions of this model using harmonic oscillator cluster wave functions agree semi-quantitatively with the experimental data on the inverse reaction.

Science.gov (United States)

A Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular Heck-type reaction of oxime ether has been developed, providing convenient access to heterocyclic oximes. PMID:21964259

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Chemical reactions in living cells are under strict enzyme control and conform to a tightly regulated metabolic program. However, uncontrolled and potentially deleterious endogenous reactions occur,...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heterogeneous gasless reactive systems, including high-energy density metal-nonmetal compositions, have seen increasing study due to their various applications. However, owing to their high reaction temperature, short reaction time, and small scale of heterogeneity, investigation of their reaction mechanisms and kinetics is very difficult. In this study, microstructural changes and the kinetics of product layer growth in the W-Si system was investigated using a high-speed x-ray phase-contrast imaging technique. Using the Advanced Photon Source of Argonne National Laboratory, this method allowed direct imaging of irreversible reactions in the W-Si reactive system at frame rates up to 36 000 frames per second with 4 #mu#s exposure and spatial resolution of 10 #mu#m. Details of the Si melt and reactions between W and Si, that are unable to be viewed with visible-light imaging, were ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of low dose adrenaline injected subcutaneously to prevent acute adverse reactions to polyspecific antivenom serum in patients admitted...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

To examine the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with anal squamous cell carcinoma, the authors applied the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

IntroductionRadiotherapy outcomes might be further improved by a greater understanding of the individual variations in normal tissue reactions that determine tolerance. Most published...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

AIMS: To evaluate the sensitivity of the Roche Cobas, Roche Amplicor plate kit, ligase chain reaction (LCR), and an in house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by titration of purified elementary bodies...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Anaerobic reactions of Rhus vernicifera laccase and its type-2 copper-depleted derivatives with hexacyanoferrate(II) were investigated by absorption and e.s.r. spectroscopy. When native laccase was...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

One hundred and seventy-nine patients completed a questionnaire focusing on adverse reactions to dental local anesthetics as manifested by 16 signs and symptoms. Twenty-six percent of the participants...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... bismuth 203 chemical reactions cyclotrons decay helium 3 beams impurities

Science.gov (United States)

The esterification reaction of a long-chain fatty acid and a fatty alcohol catalyzed by sugar ester-modified lipases in organic media was studied. The reaction activity was improved when the lipases were modified with sugar esters. Among four kinds of sugar esters and six kinds of lipases, lipase CES modified with sugar ester SE-7 showed the highest reaction activity. The pH, solvent and temperature on the reaction activity of SE-7 modified lipase CES were also studied. PMID:12142919

Science.gov (United States)

... 1959). It was not possible for us, however, to detect any reaction of this type in the annials immunized with brucela. Considering ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The cold fusion reactions leading to superheavy elements with Z=104-116 has been discussed in our model recently [5]. Presently we shortly discuss our model and extend our consideration to fusion reactions ("8"6Kr, "8"7Rb, "8"8Sr)+"2"0"8Pb and "8"6Kr+"2"0"9Bi leading to elements with Z=118-120. The available experimental cross-section data for the reactions are well described.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Efforts has been made to specify surface ozone production in photochemical reaction due to the high concentration of NO_x and photon rays. The secondary reactions has been considered via optical measurements using actinometry and pyranometry which was followed for photochemical reactions at high temperature and because of air pollutants due to the traffic load and because of the inversion in certain days. The concentration of surface ozone which was measured in Tehran city center was in the range of 24- 45 ppb in 1991-1992 and a higher concentration of 45-65 ppb was measured in 1999-2000. This high surface ozone concentration could cause a severe damage to biota, fauna and human health.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... level widths mev range 01-10 neutrons nuclear reactions proton beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... americium 241 americium 242 beta decay chain reactions integral doses mass

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A black-disc model combined with accurate matter densities has been used for an investigation of reaction cross sections for {sup 3}He, {sup 4}He and {sup 12}C projectiles. A simple relation is derived between the energy dependence of the reaction cross sections and the strength of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. A comparison is also made of the reaction cross sections for {sup 3}He and {sup 4}He for six different nuclei {sup 12}C, {sup 16}O, {sup 40}Ca, {sup 58,60}Ni and {sup 208}Pb.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... activation analysis lead lead 203 lead 204 microanalysis nuclear reactions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nucleosynthesis and energy production in stellar environments depend critically on nuclear reaction cross sections. Reactions induced by alpha particles are important in the helium burning stage of stars, novae, and supernovae events. They involve light to medium weight nuclei up to about Z=32, and center-of-mass energies up to about 20 MeV. We are working on a project to compile and evaluate cross section data for alpha-induced reactions. These data will eventually be used to derive #alpha#-nucleus potential parameters. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

Photoinduced charge separation reactions form the basis for energy storage processes in both natural and artificial photosynthesis. Moreover, rapid reversible photoinduced electron transfer reactions are a class of photophysical phenomena that can be exploited to develop schemes for optical switching. Examples from each of these fields are discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book examines some of the basic principles behind chemical reactions kinetics. Topics considered include ab initio determination of potential energy for chemical reactions; semi-empirical potential energy surfaces; general theory of reactive scattering: different equation approach; and integral equation approach to reactive scattering.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using the PMR method the interaction of zirconium and hafnium tetrachlorides with tri.tet.butylphenyl ester of 1,2- naphthoquinonediazide (2)-5-sulfonic acid is studied. The formation of MCl_4xNQD complexes is established, the equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters of complexing reaction are determined. The presence of rapid ligand exchange, proceeding according to associative mechanism, is detected. The rate constants and activation energies of the exchange reaction are calculated.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The kinetics of the reaction of carbon dioxide in MDEA solutions were studied both experimentally and theoretically. It is concluded that MDEA acts as a homogeneous catalyst for CO/sub 2/ hydrolysis, and as a result the rate of absorption in aqueous MDEA solutions is significantly larger than one would calculate by simply taking into account the alkalinity of the reaction. A possible zwitterion mechanism is proposed for this reaction. The minor effect of ionic strength were also studied with the presence of other ions. 19 references, 6 figures.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Unsymmetric diaryl alkynes were synthesized from the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of aryl halides and propiolic acid using a continuous flow reaction system. This flow chemistry system continuously gave the desired products in moderate to good yields, and produced less byproduct than was formed in the batch reaction.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The catalytic properties of molybdena-alumina catalysts reduced in hydrogen were studied in the function of the reduction temperature, i.e. in the function of the extent of reduction. The deuterium exchange reaction of benzene was used as model catalytic reaction. It was concluded that the reaction rate constant and the multiplicity factor decreased with the extent of reduction parallel with the change in the extent of dehydroxylation of the catalysts. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

R-matrix analyses of neutron-induced reactions for many of the lightest p-shell nuclei are difficult due to a lack of distinct resonance structure in the reaction cross sections. Initial values for the required R-matrix parameters, E,sub(lambda) and ..gamma..sub(lambdac) for states in the compound system, can be obtained from shell model calculations. In the present work, the results of recent shell model calculations for the lithium isotopes have been used in R-matrix analyses of /sup 6/Li+n and /sup 7/Li+n reactions for E sub(n) < 8 MeV. Consequences of the shell model predictions for the level structure of /sup 7/Li and /sup 8/Li on the /sup 6/Li+n and /sup 7/Li+n reaction mechanisms and cross sections are discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the course of designing a catalytic porous membrane reactor for experimental studies, both inside and outside of the non-reaction zones as well as the two ends of the membrane need to be completely sealed to ensure that there is no flow across the membrane in the non-reaction zone. Experiments show that up to 50% of the total flow across the membrane may be contributed by the axial flow along the wall of the non-reaction zones if only one side of the membrane is sealed. Another problem that cannot be solved by sealing is the capillary flow of the catalyst along the tube wall into the non-reaction zones when the catalyst is doped on the membrane. One of the best ways to avoid this axial flow of catalyst would be to use non-porous tubes in the non-reaction zones and join them with the porous membrane tube. In doing so, the cost of the membrane reactor could be reduced simply ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nuclear astrophysics seeks for a possible explanation of the observed abundance distribution of various elements and their isotopes in the universe. Most of the relevant nuclear reactions take place in thermally equilibrium environments with bare nuclei, rather than accelerated and head-on colliding situations with low ionisation states of reactant atoms and molecules that are emulated in the laboratories. Moreover, the temperature of the astrophysical environments is quite often low compared to the centre-of-mass energy of the projectile nuclides, that is required for the reaction to be meaningfully investigated in the laboratory. Therefore, an extrapolation of the data on the reaction cross sections to very low energies and to extremely high density situations is generally called for, which are substantially altered every now and then for a number of astrophysically important reactions. The ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism is developed for primary reference fuel mixtures of n-hexadecane and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethyl nonane for diesel cetane ratings. The mechanisms are constructed using existing rules for reaction pathways and rate expressions developed previously for the primary reference fuels for gasoline octane ratings, n-heptane and iso-octane. These reaction mechanisms are validated by comparisons between computed and experimental results for shock tube ignition and for oxidation under jet-stirred reactor conditions. The combined kinetic reaction mechanism contains the submechanisms for the primary reference fuels for diesel cetane ratings and submechanisms for the primary reference fuels for gasoline octane ratings, all in one integrated large kinetic reac...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper examines cupric chloride solid conversion during hydrolysis in a thermochemical copper-chlorine (Cu-Cl) cycle for hydrogen production. The hydrolysis reaction is a challenging step, in terms of the excess steam requirement and the decomposition of cupric chloride (CuCl_2) into cuprous chloride (CuCl) and chlorine (Cl_2). The hydrolysis and decomposition reactions are analyzed with respect to the chemical equilibrium constant. The effects of operating parameters are examined, including the temperature, pressure, excess steam and equilibrium conversion. A maximization of yield and selectivity are very important. Rate constants for the simultaneous reaction steps are determined using a uniform reaction model. A shrinking core model is used to determine the rate coefficients and predict the solid conversion time, with diffusional and reaction control. These new results are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The reactions between (100) GaAs and the near-noble metals Ni, Pd, and Pt have been investigated by application of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive analysis of x rays in the scanning TEM and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of the phase distributions, film compositions, and interface morphologies during annealing at temperatures up to 480 /sup 0/C. The first phase in the Ni/GaAs reaction is shown to have the nominal composition Ni/sub 3/GaAs. Ternary phases of the type Pd/sub x/GaAs are also found to be the dominant products of the Pd/GaAs reaction. Conversely, only binary phases result from the Pt/GaAs reaction. These observations are used to construct isothermal sections of the M--Ga--As thin-film phase diagrams. The behavior of a thin (1--2 nm) native oxide--hydrocarbon layer during the Ni/GaAs, Pd/GaAs, and Pt/GaAs ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Control of thermal expansion is often necessary in the design and selection of electronic packages. In some instances, it is desirable to have a coefficient of thermal expansion intermediate between values readily attainable with single or two phase materials. The addition of a third phase in the form of fillers, whiskers, or fibers can be used to attain intermediate expansions. To help design the thermal expansion of multiphase materials for specific applications, a closed form model has been developed that accurately predicts the effective elastic properties of isotropic filled materials and transversely isotropic lamina. Properties of filled matrix materials are used as inputs to the lamina model to obtain the composite elastic properties as a function of the volume fraction of each phase. Hybrid composites with two or more fiber types are easily handled with this model. This paper reports that results for glass, quartz, and Kevlar fibers ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have investigated the properties of nerve cell precursors in hydra by analyzing the differentiation and proliferation capacity of interstitial cells in the peduncle of Hydra oligactis, which is a region of active nerve cell differentiation. Our results indicate that about 50% of the interstitial cells in the peduncle can grow rapidly and also give rise to nematocyte precursors when transplanted into a gastric environment. If these cells were committed nerve cell precursors, one would not expect them to differentiate into nematocytes nor to proliferate apparently without limit. Therefore we conclude that cycling interstitial cells in peduncles are not intermediates in the nerve cell differentiation pathway but are stem cells. The remaining interstitial cells in the peduncle are in G1 and have the properties of committed nerve cell precursors. Thus, the interstitial cell population in the peduncle contains both stem cells and noncycling nerve precursors. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The preparation of wood-plastic combinations (WPC) using combined methods for curing intermediate products and final products is described. In the first step, impregnated wood was irradiated using doses of 1 to 10 kGy in the presence of chemical initiators of polymerization. Thereafter, curing of this partly cured impregnating mixture was accomplished in the wood at elevated temperatures with the aid of chemical initiators of polymerization. Impregnation mixtures based on unsaturated polyester resins and methyl methacrylate, and the wood species European Beech (Fagus silvatica) and Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa) were used. The results indicate that this method of preparing WPC allows substantially lower radiation doses to be used, i.e., doses in the range of 1 to 2.5 kGy. These doses gelatinate the impregnation mixture in the wood so that the subsequent curing by chemical polymerization initiators proceeds without the impregnation mixture flowing out of the wood, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Transition joints in power plants between ferritic steels and austenitic stainless steels suffer from a mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) and the migration of carbon during service from the ferritic to the austenitic steel. To overcome these, nickel-based consumables are commonly used. The use of a trimetallic combination with an insert piece of intermediate CTE provides for a more effective lowering of thermal stresses. The current work envisages a trimetallic joint involving modified 9Cr-1Mo steel and 316LN austenitic stainless steel as the base materials and Alloy 800 as the intermediate piece. Of the two joints involved, this paper describes the choice of welding consumables for the joint between Alloy 800 and 316LN. Four consumables were examined: 316, 16-8-2, Inconel 82 and Inconel 182. The comparative evaluation was based on hot cracking tests and estimation of mechanical properties and coefficient of thermal expansion. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Research continued on the synthesis of model compounds for coal liquefaction research. This report covers the actual laboratory investigation performed during the reporting period in order to attain the stated objective of the project, viz, the synthesis of a model compound containing tetrahydronaphthalene, naphthalene and phenyl moieties linked by methylene, ethylene and ether bonds. The overall synthetic approach aimed at obtaining the end product has been broken down into three major steps that involve the synthesis of three key reactive intermediates. These are: (1) 3,5-dimethyl-5-bromobenzyl chloride, (2) 1-chloromethylene-2-hydroxytetralin and (3) 2-chloromethylene-1-hydroxynaphthalene.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An important aspect, which has to be considered in terms of municipal solid waste (MSW) management, is the stage of collection. The emissions generated from these systems can arrive to values that are of the same order of magnitude of emissions from combustion of waste in waste-to-energy plants. The present work faces the problem of transport, from intermediate station to the center of final combustion, placing attention to the emissions from scenarios that has been selected between real systems of management. This analysis can lead to highlight some important elements that can be useful to minimize the impacts.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Annual averages of the diurnal variation in cosmic ray intensity from neutron monitors in Deep River and Oulu and underground muon telescopes in Bolivia and at Embudo and Socorro, New Mexico, have been determined as a function of the sense of the interplantary magnetic field for the years 1965--1975. These data point to a cosmic ray density gradient, perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, pointing southward prior to 1969 and changing to a northward pointing gradient after the reversal of the sun's polar magnetic field in 1969--1971. This result supports numerical calculations for the prereversal and postreversal field configurations at intermediate and high cosmic ray rigidities.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The existence of a narrow peak in the electronic density of states in A-15 compounds is explained by a strong electron--phonon interaction that leads to the polaron narrowing of the band. An analytic expression relating the transition temperature T/sub c/ to the phonon spectrum is derived under the assumption of a weak and an intermediate-strength coupling. The model allows the explanation of the correlation of T/sub c/ with the number of electrons per atom, the temperature dependence of the resistance, the magnitude and temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility, and the electronic specific heat.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper presents the objective, scope, and status of the U.S. Department of Energy's Materials and Structures Program to develop a data base on mechanical properties of structural materials for out-of-core structures and components for LMFBRs. Information on the development of a reference data base on materials for the reactor system, reactor enclosure system, primary heat transport system, intermediate heat transport system, and steam generator system is included. In addition, the development of the data and analyses to account for the effects of temperature and stress, as well as water/steam, sodium, and radiation environments, is described. Plans for the development of alternative materials for future out-of-core applications are presented. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Differences in the biological disposition and in the effects of the stable lithium isotopes, Li-6 and Li-7, in animals were characterized. A somewhat higher toxicity was associated with WLiCl compared to XLiCl with NLiCl intermediate. All lithium treatments increased water intake and resulted in weight gain. Peak plasma concentration was slightly high for 6Li than 7LiCl suppressed action potential amplitudes during tetanic stimulation more than NaCl when added to Renger solution bathing ganglia.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility #chi#, specific heat C, and thermoelectric power S were carried out for the solid solution Ce(Ni_xPd_1_-_x)_2Si_2 (0#<=#x#<=#1). With increasing x, the ground state changes from an antiferromagnetic Kondo state (x<0.2) to an intermediate valence state (x>0.3). The heavy fermion state was found to evolve at the crossover concentration at x=0.2, where the long-range magnetic order seems to disappear. [copyright] 2001 American Institute of Physics.