Science.gov (United States)

In April 2002, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) released this overview of its current work. The report summarizes many of the organization's main programs, which are grouped into three broad areas. The first area details the efforts being made to minimize threats and ensure national security. Development of new technologies and advanced systems is highlighted in the second section, and the third looks at investigations into "high-risk, high-payoff technologies." There are numerous references to the war on terrorism that describe DARPA's involvement and specific projects to defend against terrorist acts.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) is an extract of the pepper plant used for centuries as a culinary spice (hot peppers). This material has been identified as a safe and effective Less-Than- Lethal weapon for use by Law enforcement and security professionals against assault. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is currently also evaluating its use in conjunction with other Less-Than-Lethal agents such as aqueous foam for use in corrections applications. Therefore, a comprehensive toxicological review of the literature was performed for the National Institute of Justice Less-Than-Lethal Force program to review and update the information available on the toxicity and adverse health effects associated with OC exposure. The results of this evaluation indicate that exposure to OC can result in dermatitis, as well as adverse nasal, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal effects in humans. The primary ...

Wastenet

...91 ex-GST Terms and Conditions For 90 years they were the largest industrial workshops in the State, training tradesmen to build and repair locomotive engineers and rolling stock while maintaining the railway network. Display product Add to shopping basket Dow's Dictionary of Railway Quotations AU$43.59 ex-GST Terms and Conditions An authoritative compendium of quotations about railways from 1608 to the present day. Display product Add to shopping basket Railways and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An exhaustive compendium of normal and abnormal imaging is presented. The following systems and procedures are illustrated by over 2800 captioned illustrations: liver, spleen, and hepatobiliary imaging; perfusion and ventilation lung imaging; thyroid imaging; salivary gland imaging; bone imaging; brain imaging; radionuclide cisternography; blood flow studies; gallium imaging; nuclear cardiology; and renal imaging. Not included in the atlas are adrenal imaging procedures and emission computed tomography. (ERB)

Science.gov (United States)

This report--the forty-fifth of a series--is a compendium of monthly progress reports for the ORNL research and development programs that are in support of the increased utilization of coal and other fossil fuel alternatives to oil and gas as sources of clean energy. The projects reported this month include those for coal conversion process development, materials engineering, alkali metal vapor topping cycles, a coal equipment test program, an AFB coal combustor for cogeneration (CCC), engineering and support studies, process and program assistance, evironmental assessment studies, magnetic beneficiation, and AFBC demonstration plant.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundMaintenance of healthy bone requires the balanced activities of osteoclasts (OCs), which resorb bone, and osteoblasts, which build bone. Disproportionate action of OCs...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

C CCNA DPoPC @"y( mPC~ lPC; CCP0u# WSC# D kPC D`hPCs gOC0 D@dOC @Rq) bOCh DpaOC% @`0) ?u<9 D@]OC] DxZOC WOCR D@VOC D ROCG @vN% D`OOC LOC< D0KOC WPL` HOCs ...

Science.gov (United States)

Page 1. THE CREATION OF THE NATIONAL ... THE CREATION OF THE NATIONAL IMAGERY AND MAPPING AGENCY: ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Some properties of the remarkable Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} based ceramic synthesised by hot pressing of elemental Ti, Si, and C powders have been investigated. Its flexural strength by using three point bending tests and fracture toughness by using single edge notched beam tests were measured at room temperature to be in the range 310-427 MPa and about 7.MPa m{sup 1/2}, respectively. This material is a relative 'soft' ceramic with a low hardness of 4 GPa. Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} is similar to the soft metals and is a damage tolerant material that is able to contain the extent of microdamage. An oxidation test has been performed in the temperature range 1000-1400{sup o}C in air for 20 h. The oxidation resistance below 1100{sup o}C was good. Two oxidized layers were formed, the outer layer consisting of pure rutile-type TiO{sub 2}, and the inner layer a mixture of SiO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2}. The average coefficient of thermal expansion ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Using a new simulative technique developed by us, we systematically investigated new ternary or quaternary molten salt systems, which are based on LiF-LiCl, LiF-LiBr, and LiCl-LiBr binary systems, for use as electrolytes in thermal batteries, and evaluated their ionic conductivities and melting points experimentally. It was confirmed experimentally that LiF-LiBr-KF (melting point: 425^oC, ionic conductivity at 500^oC: 2.52Scm^-^1), LiCl-LiBr-KF (405^oC, 2.56Scm^-^1), LiCl-LiBr-NaF-KF (425^oC, 3.11Scm^-^1), LiCl-LiBr-NaCl-KCl (420^oC, 2.73Scm^-^1), and LiCl-LiBr-NaBr-KBr (420^oC, 2.76Scm^-^1) meet our targets for both melting point (350-430^oC) and ionic conductivity (2.0Scm^-^1 and higher at 500^oC). A single cell using the newly developed LiCl-LiBr-NaCl-KCl molten salt as an electrolyte w...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geothermal energy resources are found in many countries. A reasonable and efficient utilization of these resources has been a worldwide concern. The application of geothermal heat pump systems (GHPS) can help increase the efficiency of using geothermal energy and reduce the thermal pollution to the earth surface. However, this is only possible with a proper working fluid. In this paper, a non-azeotropic working fluid (R290/R600a/R123) is presented for a GHPS where geothermal water at 40-45{sup o}C and heating network water at 70-80{sup o}C serve as the low and high temperature heat sources. Experimental results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of a GHPS using the working fluid is above 3.5 with the condensation temperature above 80{sup o}C and the condensation pressure below 18 bar, while the temperature of the geothermal water is reduced from 40-46{sup o}C to 31-36{sup ...

Science.gov (United States)

In the course of previous composite structures test programs, the need for and the feasibility of developing analyses for scale-up effects has been demonstrated. The analysis techniques for scale-up effects fall into two categories. The first category pertains to developing analysis methods independently for a single, unique failure mode in composites, and using this compendium of analysis methods together with a global structural model to identify and predict the response and failure mode of full-scale built-up structures. The second category of scale-up effects pertains to similitude in structural validation testing. In this latter category, dimensional analysis is used to develop scale-up laws that enable extrapolation of sub-scale component test data to full-scale structures. This viewgraph presentation describes the approach taken and some developments accomplished in the first category of analysis for scale-up effects. Layup dependence of composite material ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The layered GdBa_0_._5Sr_0_._5Co_2O_5_+_#delta# (GBSC) perovskite oxides are synthesized by modified Pechini method and investigated as a novel cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on a stable perovskite oxide BaCe_0_._5Zr_0_._3Y_0_._1_6Zn_0_._0_4O_3_-_#delta# (BCZYZ) as electrolyte. The fabricated single cells of NiO-BCZYZ/BCZYZ (#approx#20 #mu#m)/GBSC (#approx#20 #mu#m) were operated from 550 to 700 "oC with humidified hydrogen (#approx#5% H_2O) as fuel. The BCZYZ perovskite electrolyte was completely dense after sintered at 1250 "oC for 5 h, lower than that without zinc dopant about 150 "oC. An open circuit voltage of 1.009 V and a maximal power density of 0.35 W cm"-"2 were achieved at 700 "oC. The interfacial polarization resistance was as low as 1.46, 0.45, 0.25 and 0.15 #OMEGA# cm"2 at 550, 600, 650 and 700 "oC, respectively. The ratio of polarization ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of mean daily air temperature (MDT) on flowering rate (the reciprocal of days to flower) was quantified for 18 species of annual bedding plants. Plants were grown in environmental growth chambers at constant air temperature set points of 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 25, or 30^oC and under an irradiance of 160-180mmolm^-^2s^-^1, with a 16-h photoperiod. Nonlinear mathematical equations were developed to predict the effect of MDT on flowering rate and to estimate the base, optimum, and maximum temperatures (Tmin, Topt, and Tmax), which are the temperatures at which flowering rates are zero (low temperature), maximal, and zero once again (high temperature), respectively. The estimated Tmin varied among species and ranged from 1.1^oC in French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) to 9.9^oC in angelonia ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Triethanolamine (TEA) has been evaluated as an additive to a commercial electrolyte to enhance the properties of aluminum electrolytic capacitors. The results showed 1-3wt.% TEA additive can prevent the pH and conductivity of the electrolytes from decreasing for 5000h at 60{sup o}C. The anodic restoration ability of an anode aluminum film in the electrolyte with TEA additive showed more efficient than the electrolyte without TEA additive. Low temperature electric characteristics of capacitors showed that TEA additive can prevent the electrolyte inside capacitors from freezing and losing electric characteristics even at -40{sup o}C. Load life test of capacitors impregnated with electrolytes with or without TEA additive showed remarkable differences. The TEA additive promoted 105{sup o}C load life time from 3019h up to 5624h and form 2144h up to 3621h for 125{sup o}C load life time test. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata is a new, invasive pest of Platanus trees in China. Although C. ciliata is often subjected to acute low temperatures in early winter and spring in northern and eastern China, the cold tolerance of C. ciliata has not been well studied. The objectives of this study were to determine whether adults of C. ciliata are capable of rapid cold hardening (RCH), and to compare the benefits of RCH vs. cold acclimation (ACC) in the laboratory. When the adult females incubated at 26^oC were transferred directly to the discriminating temperature (-12^oC) for 2h, survival was only 22%. However, exposure to 0^oC for 4h before transfer to -12^oC for 2h induced RCH, i.e., increased survival to 68%. RCH could also be induced by gradual cooling of the insects at rates ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the present study, Fe_4_1Co_4_1 B_1_0Zr_7Cu_1 alloy has been investigated in order to evaluate its thermal stability and structure after heat treatment, as well as the impact of heat treatment on magnetic properties. X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, chemical composition microanalysis, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic hysteresis loop measurement techniques were employed. The crystallization temperature of the as-quenched alloy is 490"oC (continuous heating at 5 "oC/min). The melt spun ribbon having 27 #mu#m in thickness was annealed for 1 hour at temperatures from 400 to 700 "oC. The alloy after treatment at about 550"oC underwent primary crystallization, with the average size of crystals under 20 nm. This specimen shows the coercive field of 38 A/m, as compared to about 160 A/m reported for a similar alloy (Fe_4_4Co_4_4B_4Zr_7Cu_1) with a similar structure, annealed at ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The nanocrystallization process of amorphous Fe_7_3_._5Si_1_3_._5B_9Nb_3Cu_1 was investigated by active screen plasma nitriding (ASPN) treatment at temperatures ranging from 410 "oC to 560 "oC for 3 h in two gas mixtures of 75% N_2-25% H_2 and 25% N_2-75% H_2 at 5 mbar atmosphere. The amorphous ribbons were then annealed under vacuum at the same time and temperatures mentioned above. The structure of the samples was analyzed using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Microhardness measurements, electrical resistivity and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) were used to study mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties of the samples, respectively. It was observed that the ASPN treatment leads to finer grain size and higher crystalline volume fraction and modifies the structural features of Fe(Si) phase. The Fe(Si) lattice parameter for the nitrided ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract available.

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:17142595

Science.gov (United States)

Explore Geology National Park Geology Theme Books Reference in this web page to any specific commercial products, processes, or ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells, incorporating BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3-? (BZCY) electrolyte, NiO-BZCY anode, and Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-?-Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-? (SSC-SDC) cathode, were successfully fabricated by a combined co-pressing and printing technique after a one-step co-firing process at 1100, 1150, or 1200 oC. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results revealed that the co-firing temperature significantly affected not only the density of the electrolyte membrane but the grain size and porosity of the electrodes. Influences of the co-firing temperature on the electrochemical performances of the single cells were also studied in detail. Using wet hydrogen (2% H2O) as the fuel and static air as the oxidant, the cell co-fired at 1150 oC showed the highest maximum power density (PDmax) of 552 and 370 mW cm-2 at 700 and 650 oC, respectively, while the one co-fired at 1100 oC showed the highest PDmax of 276 and ...

Science.gov (United States)

An increased compendium of drugs useful in ocular motor system dysfunction has expanded our capacity to treat selected ocular motility disorders. Adjunctive therapeutic modes (e.g., Fresnel prisms and orthoptic exercises) can also be beneficial. PAN and see-saw nystagmus can be treated with baclofen. Downbeat nystagmus may respond to clonazepam therapy, and prisms may help if the nystagmus can be modified with convergence. Congenital nystagmus may respond minimally to drugs (e.g., baclofen), but prisms or surgical procedures, or both, are still the primary treatment modalities. Innovar may be helpful in patients with severe, incapacitating vestibular disorders, and scopolamine alone or in combination with promethazine may be beneficial in patients with milder ambulatory acute peripheral vestibular disorders. Benign positional vertigo is best treated initially with positional exercises before drug therapy is instituted. Opsoclonus and ocular flutter have been ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We examined whether or not BMD or bone markers were useful for assessing the risk of vertebral fractures in 248 Japanese men with type 2 diabetes. We analyzed the relationships between bone markers (osteocalcin [OC], bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [BAP], urinary N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type-I collagen) or BMD and HbA1c, urinary C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, and the presence of prevalent vertebral fractures. Multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, body height, weight, duration of diabetes, and serum creatinine showed that serum OC and OC/BAP ratio were correlated negatively with HbA1c (P?P?P?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Since microwaves are used in human cancer therapy, information on specific biological effects of microwaves at elevated temperatures is important. To help supply this information, we exposed mammalian cells (CHO) and bacteria (Serratia marcescens) to hyperthermal temperatures (43, 44, and 45/sup o/C for CHO and 48, 49, and 50/sup o/C for the bacteria) with and without microwave irradiation. Temperature control was maintained by a refrigeration-reheat system and high-velocity water recirculation. The 2450-MHz microwave source was operated in a pulsed mode with power density up to 500 mW/cm/sup 2/. As expected, the survival curve slopes for both cell types increased rapidly with temperature, doubling for each degree Celsius. Microwave irradiation produced no significant change in extrapolation number for either cell type. However, survival curves of CHO cells which received microwaves were steeper by a factor of 1.25 than their sham-irradiated ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The mixture of 65 mol% capric acid and 35 mol% lauric acid (C-L acid) is a potential latent heat storage material. However, its melting temperature of 18.0 {sup o}C is quite high for low-temperature thermal energy storage. Addition of pentadecane, with a melting point of 9.9 {sup o}C, is proposed. The thermal characteristics of the combination of the C-L acid with pentadecane (CL:P) in different volume ratio are investigated employing the DSC analysis. The actual thermal performance of each CL:P combination is further determined from their radial and axial temperature distribution employing a fabricated thermal storage capsule. The 90:10 CL:P combination manifests an improvement in the melting characteristic of the C-L acid.(author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) via Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to optimize the alkaline hydrolysis of paddy straw to improve ferulic acid extraction. The parameters involved, namely temperature (^oC), concentration of NaOH (M) and duration of extraction (h) are screened by Full Factorial Studies (FFD). The result obtained from FFD was 0.518% (5.18mg/g). The interactions between each parameters involved were studied using Central Composite Design (CCD). Upon optimization, the percentage of ferulic acid improved from 0.518% to 0.817% (8.17mg/g). The optimum conditions obtained from this study are 125^oC, 3.90M, 2.30h for temperature, concentration of NaOH and extraction time, respectively. This result shows a significant improvement than the previous published work. Details o...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mass transfer to a wall of a horizontal rectangular channel reactor was investigated by the limiting current technique for Reynolds numbers ranging from 200 to 32000. Overall mass transfer coefficients at various mass transfer surface angles were obtained while the reactor was operated under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Dimensionless correlations were developed for isothermal flows from 25 to 55"oC and for non-isothermal flows with applied temperature differences up to 30"oC. In the laminar flow range natural convection dominated, but under turbulent conditions combined natural and forced convection prevailed. Mass transfer was approximately doubled under optimum selection of channel surface rotation, temperature gradient and flow rate. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this work, chromatographic separation of niacin and niacinamide using pure water as the sole component in the mobile phase has been investigated. The separation and analysis of niacinamide have been optimized using three columns at different temperatures and various flow rates. Our results clearly demonstrate that separation and analysis of niacinamide from skincare products can be achieved using pure water as the eluent at 60^oC on a Waters XTerra MS C18 column, a Waters XBridge C18 column, or at 80^oC on a Hamilton PRP-1 column. The separation efficiency, quantification quality, and analysis time of this new method are at least comparable with those of the traditional HPLC methods. Compared with traditional HPLC, the major advantage of this newly developed green chromatography techniq...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The objective of this study is to describe the complete transport chain of CO2 between capture and storage including a ship transport. This last one is composed by the following steps:Shore terminal including the liquefaction, temporary storage and CO2 loading. Ship with a capacity of 30,000m^3. On or off shore terminal including an unloading system, temporary storage and export towards the final storage. Between all the possible thermodynamic states, the liquid one is most relevant two options are compared in the study (-50^oC, 7bar) and (-30^oC, 15bar). The ship has an autonomy of 6 days, is able to cover 1000km with a cargo of 2.5Mt/year. Several scenarios are studied varying the geographical position of the CO2 source, the number of harbours and the way the CO2 is finally stored. Depen...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the absence of empirical outdoor thermal comfort studies it has been widely assumed that indoor thermal comfort theory generalises to outdoor settings without modification. Many indoor models were developed to describe thermal discomfort, not stress, therefore their relevance to conditions that vary greatly from neutrality, as many outdoor climatic conditions do, has not been critically validated in the field to date. The thermal comfort of 1018 subjects in outdoor and semi-outdoor locations in subtropical Sydney was investigated by a questionnaire and a comprehensive package of micro-meteorological instruments. The thermal neutrality in terms of the thermal comfort index OUT{sub S}ET* of 26.2 {sup o}C was significantly higher than the indoor SET* counterpart of 24{sup o}C (ASHRAE Trans. 92 (1986) 709). (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The deep borehole heat exchanger (BHE) of Weggis is operational since 1994. During the years 1995 to 2000 the BHE has produced for both, direct heating and as a source for the heat pumps, a yearly amount of heat of 220 MWh. The share of direct heating has been more than 60%. The global average power delivered to all consumers has been about 100 kW. This has yielded to a mean source temperature out of the deep BHE of 40.5 {sup o}C and to a mean return temperature of 33.3 {sup o}C. During the years 2000 and 2001 three additional multi-family dwellings have been connected as heat consumers to the BHE. The amount of delivered heat has nearly been doubled (from 220 to 440 MWh per year) as well as the nominal load. This has induced a small reduction of the delivery temperature and a significant reduction of the return temperature to the BHE (37.2 {sup o}C and 29.9 {sup o}C respectively). As a result, the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study is made of the mechanical properties of vanadium irradiated with fast neutrons up to dose 8.6.10"-"4 dpa, as a function of the temperature of post-radiation annealing. The radiation-annealing hardening (RAH) effect is observed at 300"oC, in agreement with previous studies. It is established for the first time that RAH is accompanied by fall in ductility. A phenomenological model is described which explains the dependence of RAH on radiation dose and temperature, as well as on the content of chemically active alloying impurities. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The model compounds, 8-methoxypsoralen-CH_2O(CH_2)_n-adenine (MOPCH_2OC_nAd, n=2,3,5,6,8, and 10) in which 5 position of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) is linked by various lengths of polymethylene bridge to N"9 of adenine. UV absorption spectra are identical with the sum of MOPCH_2OC3 and adenine absorption spectra. Solvent effect on the UV absorption and fluorescence emission spectra indicate that the lowest excited singlet state is the (#pi##->##pi#"*) state. The spectral characteristics of the fluorescence of MOPCH_2OC_nAd are strongly dependent upon the nature of the solvents. The fluorescence emission spectra in aprotic solvents are broad and structrueless due to the excimer formation through the folded conformation accelerated by hydrophobic #pi#-#pi# stacking interaction. Increasing polarity of the protic solvents leads to higher population of unfolded conformation stabilized through favorable solvation and H-bonding, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nano-sized particles of a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte, LiTi{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, were prepared by laser ablation. The obtained particles were ca. 10nm in diameter. X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed that they were amorphous with local structure similar to the crystalline counterpart. They were crystallized by the heating at ca. 630{sup o}C. (author)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Microorganisms can degrade saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) not only under oxic but also under anoxic conditions. Three denitrifying isolates (strains HxN1, OcN1, HdN1) able to grow under anoxic conditions...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Over the past 10 years, the Peruvian National Tuberculosis (TB) Program, the National Reference Laboratory (NRL), Socios en Salud, and US partners have worked to strengthen the national TB laboratory...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

This is a point shapefile showing Traffic sign locations at Colorado National Monument. The coordinates for this dataset were collected using a Trimble Geo-Explorer 2 GPS reciever....

Science.gov (United States)

Map layer displays land designated as Suitable Land For Timber Production for the Forest Plan. It consists of all National Forest Lands less Non-forested ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

... a buffer of all biological resources in the Kenai Fjords National Park Area. Data from Alaska Fish ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

Information Technology Research for National Priorities (ITR) Fiscal Year 2004 Announcement ... the Information Technology Research (ITR) Program is focusing on Information Technology Research in ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The National Information Infrastructure (NII) or "information superhighway" is a high-priority federal initiative to combine communications networks, computers, databases, and consumer electronics to...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

... COURSE ° TRAWLING SPEEDKNTRAWLING DISTANCENM TEMP. FISHING DEPTH FROM°CTO °C TE...

Science.gov (United States)

This layer represents the different food storage facilities available at backcountry campsites along the coast of Kenai Fjords National Park. Site locations ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. Photo Credit: USFWS/Steve Hillebrand Kenai National Wildlife...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundGhana has not conducted a national tuberculin survey or tuberculosis prevalence survey since the establishment of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme. The primary...Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Wastenet

Country-led, national-based (programmatic) approach to avoid in-country in country leakage BUT also accepts

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The carcinogenicity database used for this paper originated in the late 1960s by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and since 1978 has been continued and made more comprehensive by the National Toxicology...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The paper will report the experience gained in the implementation of the national assistance projects, including the detailed assessment of the national situation compared to the ITWG Model Action Plan, the upgrading of the technical skills, the training of national experts and the joint analysis of nuclear material at ITU. The status of the work with the 13 future Member States to the European Union will also be reported on during the conference

Wastenet

... Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps (Baiame's Ngunnhu) - National Heritage - New South Wales http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/...national/brewarrina/index.html Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps (Baiame's Ngunnhu) - National Heritage - New South Wales Change text size Skip to ...Search You are here: Environment home »Heritage »Heritage places »National heritage places Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps (Baiame's Ngunnhu), New South Wales ... The Brewarrina fish traps continue to be visible in the Darling River today and were included in the National Heritage List on 3 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy looks at the possibilities for improved waste water utilization in the Lavey-les-Bains thermal spa, Switzerland. According to the regulations in force, the temperature of the waste water rejected into the Rhone river shall not exceed 30 "oC, what is currently not the case. Also the operational cost shall be reduced and the waste water quality improved. The installations are presented. From the two geothermal wells, mineral water comes out at an average flow rate of 940 l/min and a temperature of 63 "oC. Actual waste water data are reported. The measured thermal water consumption data, including seasonal variations, are analysed by computerized simulation and measures to reduce the consumed volume by the optimization of internal procedures are evaluated. Measures to reduce the quantity of the rejected free chlorine are discussed. Several possible adaptations of the existing space heating, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stearic acid gel is employed to study the phase evolution of MgTiO{sub 3} nanoparticles by thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared. During the preparation of stearic acid gel, tetrabutyl titanate easily absorbed moisture to hydrolyze into Ti(OH){sub 4} firstly, and then reacts with stearic acid and magnesium stearate to form magnesium-titanium oxide network polymer gel, meanwhile n-butanol is generated. When stearic acid gel is calcined in air, a series of oxidation and combustion reactions occur, meanwhile apparent heat is given off. The results show that a metastable intermediate phase Mg{sub 2}TiO{sub 4} is generated at 450 {sup o}C and nearly disappeared at 550 {sup o}C. Simultaneously, a new solid phase of MgTiO{sub 3} appears. The metastable intermediate phase Mg{sub 2}TiO{sub 4} is successfully identified in the current work.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thermochromic tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide (VO2) powders were successfully synthesized by thermal reduction using V2O5 as a vanadium precursor. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that W was successfully doped into the crystal lattice of VO2 matrix, and prepared tungsten-doped VO2 had a rod-like morphology. The effects of reducing temperature and annealing temperature on the crystallographic structures were also discussed. The phase transition temperature (Tt) of VO2 could be simply tuned by changing the doping concentration of tungsten. When the doping concentration was 1.58 mol%, the Tt could be reduced to 37.8 oC from initial 69.5 oC, suggesting that tungsten-doped VO2 possesses prominent thermochromic properties and optical switching characters. It has shown that this ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A thermal analyzer-differential scanning calorimeter-mass spectrometer (TG-DSC-MS) was used to study oxygen carriers (OC) for their potential use for the application of chemical looping combustion (CLC) to solid fuels. Reaction rates, changes in reaction rates with repeated oxidation-reductions, exothermic heats during oxidation, and the effect of changing reduction gas compositions were studied. Oxidation rates were greater than reduction rates and reaction rates were reproducible through multiple oxidation-reduction cycles except where agglomeration occurred with powders. Iron oxide (Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} powder) and iron-based catalysts were found suitable for CLC of solid fuels having rapid reduction rates which increased with higher reducing gas concentrations. Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} powder was used to oxidize a high carbon coal char in an inert gas removing 88% of the carbon from the char. Other properties such as cost and durability indicated iron oxide ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Recent work has indicated that the suppression of boron transient enhanced diffusion (TED) in carbon-rich Si is caused by nonequilibrium Si point defect concentrations, specifically the undersaturation of Si self-interstitials, that result from the coupled out-diffusion of carbon interstitials via the kick-out and Frank--Turnbull reactions. This study of boron TED reduction in Si_1_-_x_-_yGe_xC_y during 750"oC inert anneals has revealed that the use of an additional reaction that further reduces the Si self-interstitial concentration is necessary to describe accurately the time evolved diffusion behavior of boron. In this article, we present a comprehensive model which includes #left brace#311#right brace# defects, boron-interstitial clusters, a carbon kick-out reaction, a carbon Frank--Turnbull reaction, and a carbon interstitial-carbon substitutional (C_iC_s) pairing reaction that successfully simulates carbon suppression of boron TED at ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A series of experiments have been conducted on AISI 5140 low alloy steel using a hollow cathode discharge-assisted plasma nitriding apparatus with the aim of elucidating the role of substrate bias voltages in plasma nitriding process. For comparison, some samples were nitrided with applied substrate bias (-50 V) while other samples were nitrided at floating potential. Treatments were carried out in NH_3 atmosphere of 150 Pa at temperatures ranging from 450 "oC to 550 "oC for 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h. The nitrided samples were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and micro-hardness measurement. The corrosion behaviors were evaluated using anodic polarization tests in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results showed that the microstructure and phase constituents of the nitride layers were strongly influenced by the bias voltages. It was also demonstrated that the better corrosion resistance with a thicker nitrided layer was obtained on the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

To understand the molecular mechanisms of how 5^oC-incubation activates mRNA expression of Hsp70a and Samui genes in Bombyx mori diapause eggs, we first searched the 5'-upstream regions of the Hsp70a and Samui genes for heat shock elements (HSEs) and found two regions [Hsp70aHSE-1 (-95 to -58) and -2 (-145 to -121), and SamuiHSE-1 (-84 to -55) and -2 (-304 to -290)] corresponding to HSEs (repeats of nGAAn and/or nTTCn). We cloned four cDNAs encoding heat shock factor (HSF)-a2 (627 amino acids), -b (685 aa), -c (682 aa) and -d (705 aa), which were produced by alternative splicing. When we exposed diapause eggs to 5^oC beginning at 2 day post-oviposition to break diapause, HSFd mRNA only increased after chilling for 6-8 days, a pattern very similar to those of Hsp70a and Samui mRNAs. To exam...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this work, the effects of substrate temperature that was changed from 100 to 500 "oC on the structural, chemical and electrical properties of carbon films, prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering technique, on 316L stainless steel as bipolar plate had been investigated. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to study the structure and the morphology of the deposited films, respectively. The corrosion resistance and the electrical resistivity were carried out by using corrosion tests and four point-probe technique. The results show that the carbon films change the structure from amorphous to graphite-like by increasing temperatures. At the temperatures higher than 300 "oC, the holes and porosities are formed on the film indicating a decrease of film quality. According to our results, corrosion resistance and electrical properties are depended strongly on the substrate temperature.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Power plants generate a great amount of ash during coal combustion. From this process two different kinds of ashes are extracted: fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA). In this work possible use of both fly and bottom ash as raw material for the ceramic industry is analyzed. The samples were formed by mechanical mixing of both kinds of ashes, and density evolution during conformation as structural ceramic (packing, pressing and sintering) was studied. It was verified that powders with larger fly ash content exhibited higher packing density resulting in compacts with improved green and sintered densities. Preheating treatments at temperatures above 600{sup o}C also increased the green and sintered densities. Dilatometric curves on compacts formed from FA and BA powders were run at constant heating rate and at isothermal cycles. From the analysis of these data it can be established that liquid-phase sintering is the densification mechanism present at 1180{sup ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this study, perovskite type oxide YAlO_3 has been doped with different amounts of the divalent cation Ca to synthesize Y_1_-_xCa_xAlO_3_-_#delta# (x = 0-0.21) compositions. The effect of dopant concentration on the crystal structure and electrical properties of YAlO_3 synthesized by citrate gel route has been investigated. The phase purity of the samples has been carried out using X-ray diffraction. The microstructural evaluation of the samples has been conducted by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum analysis. Thermal analysis has been conducted to monitor the decomposition of the intermediate products. The electrical conductivity studies have been performed using a.c. impedance spectroscopy as a function of temperature in the range 200-800 "oC in air. The Y_0_._9_4Ca_0_._0_6AlO_3_-_#delta# composition exhibits a total conductivity of 2.5 mS/cm at 800 "oC.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Calculations of refrigerant thermal properties are desired to be very fast and stable in cases of simulation of refrigeration system, etc. The traditional method based on equation of state cannot meet such requirement because of unavoidable iterations in calculation. In this paper, a new calculation method for refrigerant thermal properties is presented. Low order implicit polynomial equations are got by using curve-fitting method at first, and then explicit formulae for calculating refrigerant thermal properties quickly are obtained by getting the analytical solution of these implicit equations. Explicit fast calculation formulae for thermal properties of R22 and R407C, covering the saturated temperature of -60{approx}80 {sup o}C and superheat of 0-65 {sup o}C, are presented as examples. The calculation speeds of the formulae of R22 are about 140 times faster than those of REFPROP 6.01 while the formulae of R407C are about 1000 times faster. ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Monodisperse europium-activated titania hollow phosphors had been synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method using carbon spheres as hard templates. Samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer and photoluminescence spectrum. The strongest emission intensity was observed with TiO2:Eu0.2 hollow spheres and TiO2:Eu0.2 hollow spheres calcining at 550^oC. Moreover, the strongest excitation of TiO2:Eu0.2 hollow spheres transferred from 400 to 500^oC and the effective nonradiative energy transfer from the TiO2 hollow spheres host matrix to Eu^3^+ ions crystal field states was realized due to changes of crystalline field in the environment around Eu^3^+ ions occupying Ti^4^+ site...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this work, we report the preparation of lead titanate (PT) nanoceramics (with an average grain size of ~200nm in diameter) by using hydrothermal PT nanoparticles as start materials and characterized the dielectric and ferroelectric properties. The dielectric constant of the ceramic was found to be ~180 (at 1kHz) at room temperature and reached a maximum value of 8330 at ~490^oC, suggesting that the Curie temperature of the nanoceramics is consistent with the known value of PT crystals. Ferroelectric domains and hysteresis loops were obtained through piezoelectric force microscopy measurements, which provide direct and clear evidence for the ferroelectricity in the nanoceramic samples.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The characteristics of solidification and melting are reviewed. The properties of water and ice and the phase diagram of water are discussed with special emphasis on ice density. A concise account of the freezing process and the Stefan problem is presented. To this end, the four stages of freezing are identified, supercooling, nucleation and the formation of dendritic ice, the growth of concentric rings of solid ice at 0{sup o}C and the final cooling of the solid ice are treated in some detail. The subject of bursting of pipes is given particular emphasis. Attention is drawn to a common misconception on pipe bursting and to misleading relationships for the computation of freezing time for ice blockage. Several current applications of melting and freezing systems are outlined. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the present work, using a pad-on-disc-type wear tester, the tribological properties of the pad next to the disk made of cast iron were investigated with changing the substance of the components. As well, micro-structural characterisation of braking pads was performed using scanning electron microscopy and also temperature outcome of the pads was examined at the temperatures of 50-400 "oC in the pressure of 1050 and 3000 kPa. Finally, the effect of environment to the pads was studied in water, salty water, oil and braking liquid media.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The n=4 Aurivillius phase, Bi5Ti3CrO15, was synthesised by solid state reaction. Rietveld analysis of high resolution neutron diffraction data demonstrated this material to adopt the polar space group A21am at room temperature, transforming to the aristotype I4/mmm structure above 650 oC. This phase transition is coincident with an anomaly in DSC signal and relative permittivity, which are characteristic of a ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. Bi5Ti3CrO15 exhibits paramagnetic behaviour at low temperature, with short range antiferromagnetic interactions, but no evidence for long range magnetic ordering. This is considered a consequence of significant disorder of Ti and Cr over the available octahedral sites, as demonstrated by analysis of neutron diffraction data. -- Graphical abstract: We report here the synthesis, structure and characterisation of the n=4 Aurivillius phase Bi5Ti3CrO15. Analysis of neutron powder diffraction and XANES data, supported by ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ionic conductive materials are of much interest as an electrolyte for solid-state lithium batteries. Poly(alkylene oxide) and lithium salt complex exhibits high ionic conductivity in terms of its high solubility for lithium salts. However, the temperature dependency of its ionic conductivity is quite large and non-linear, the ionic conductivity drops down at low temperature, especially below glass transition temperature of the polymer. Because its ionic conductive mechanism is derived from its segmental motion of polymer main chain. A novel ionic conductive material, poly[2,6-dimethoxy-N-(4-vinylphenyl)benzamide] is synthesized and confirm ionic conductivity even below glass transition temperature. Ionic conductivity of the polymer with lithium ditrifluoromethylsulfonate imide complex shows 10{sup -5}Scm{sup -1} from 0 to 60{sup o}C. Its temperature dependency is linear, namely Arrehnius type dependency. Evaluating from these data, activation energy of ionic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the service in nuclear power plants, steam generator (SG) tubing will suffer from a vibration with a frequency from 30-40 Hz. This means that SG tubing will undergo a very high cycle fatigue process during the design life time (25 years=about 3x10{sup 10}cycles). The material degradation and the very high cycle fatigue life of SG tubing materials due to the vibration are therefore of concern. In this investigation, the fatigue properties of Alloy 690 and Alloy 800 SG tubing in the very high cycle fatigue regime (higher than 10{sup 7} cycles) and strain controlled fatigue at temperatures up to 330{sup o}C have been investigated. The fatigue properties of SG tubing of Alloy 690 are comparable to that of wrought material. The strain controlled fatigue properties of Alloy 690 and Alloy 800 are slightly better at 288{sup o}C than at room temperature (RT). At the stress near the fatigue endurance, the influence of temperature on the high cycle ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The microbiological safety, refrigeration shelf-life, and nutritional quality of chicken breast meat were investigated following combined electron-beam irradiation and cooking under vacuum (sous-vide). Chicken breast meat inoculated with 10{sup 6} CFU/g of Listeria monocytogenes was irradiated with an electron beam at doses up to 3.1 kGy under vacuum in barrier bags, cooked in a boiling water bath for 3 min 45 s (previously determined to achieve an internal temperature of 71.1{sup o}C), and stored at 8{sup o}C for up to 5 weeks. Listeria was undetectable in samples treated with combined sous-vide and irradiation at 3.1 kGy, but the organism survived the sous-vide treatment without irradiation and multiplied during storage. A similar study, conducted with uninoculated chicken breast meat, revealed that the product which received both irradiation (3 kGy) and sous-vide treatment had a shelf-life of at least 8 weeks at 8{sup ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The sulfur-iodine (SI) thermochemical cycle is one of the main candidate methods to produce hydrogen from non-fossil sources like nuclear (GEN IV reactor) or solar thermal power. A major issue for the successful implementation of the SI cycle is the selection of technically viable and economic materials for construction of process components, particularly heat exchangers. Challenging conditions are encountered in each of the three sections of the SI cycle due to the corrosive chemicals present, including sulfuric acid, iodine, hydroiodic acid, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen, and others. In Section I, aqueous, non-aqueous (liquid iodine), and gaseous multi-component phases are present at about 120 {sup o}C and 0.7 MPa. Section II involves gaseous and aqueous phases of sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, and oxygen at up to about 830 {sup o}C and 3.6 MPa. In Section III , aqueous, non-aqueous, and gaseous phases, at up to 310 {sup ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report provides a brief summary of the milestone for Quarter 1 of 2006 of the NATional CARBon Sequestration Database and Geographic Information System (NATCARB) This milestone assigns consistent symbology to the ''National CO{sub 2} Facilities'' GIS layer on the NATCARB website. As a default, CO{sub 2} sources provided by the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships and the National Group are now all one symbol type. In addition for sinks such as oil and gas fields where data is drawn from multiple partnerships, the symbology is given a single color. All these modifications are accomplished as the layer is passed through the national portal (www.natcarb.org). This documentation is sent to National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) as a Topical Report and will be included in the next Annual Report.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe National Consortium for Multicultural Education for Health Professionals (Consortium) comprises educators representing 18 US medical schools, funded by the National...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The CWDD injector has been shipped to Argonne National Laboratory, installed, and recommissioned. Commissioning progress, operational status, and future plans are reported. Operational experience at ANL is compared with that obtained at Culham.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This quarterly update contains information on the National Bioenergy Center Biochemical Platform Integration Project, R&D progress and related activities.

Science.gov (United States)

World - USGS visual identity mark and link to main Web site at http://www.usgs.gov/ GEOLOGY OF THE OCOEE WHITEWATER CENTER, CHEROKEE NATIONAL FOREST Ocoee Whitewater Center logo...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Since the establishment of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), there have been gradual changes in strategies to evaluate the overall toxicity of chemicals as well as their carcinogenic potential....Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Institute of Plasma Physics of the National Science Center 'Kharkov Institute

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This publication is the collection of the paper presented at the title meeting. The 19 of the presented papers are indexed individually. (J.P.N.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2009 p. 143-144 Ukraine Lepikh, Ya.I. Odesa National University, Odesa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this document is to describe the NIF Project Organization and the roles and responsibilities of the managers charged with executing the Project.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... 30-31 Oct 2009 Tajik National University(Tajikistan) 146 p. INORGANIC,

Wastenet

...Elizabeth Springs - National Heritage - Queensland Elizabeth Springs forms part of the Springvale supergroup of springs that, with the exception of Elizabeth ... Springs, are largely extinct. The Elizabeth Springs complex extends over an area of approximately 400 by 500 metres. Elizabeth Springs forms ...part of the Springvale supergroup of springs that, with the exception of Elizabeth Springs, are largely extinct. The Elizabeth Springs complex ...au/heritage/places/national/elizabeth-springs/index.html Elizabeth Springs - National Heritage - Queensland Change text size Skip to content Heritage National heritage ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Evaluation Report (NCOER). The 360-Degree Assessment will be utilized by the leader/manager in conjunction with the counseling form and ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Southeastern Forests Feral Pig Fishes of Georgia: Georgia Freshwater Fish Distribution, Classification, and Information Flora of the Oconee National ... ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Annual report of performance against FY2000 performance evaluation and fee aggreement.

Science.gov (United States)

digital libraries, which was identified as a national challenge in the Information ... The linkages between the many digital libraries and information services are ...

Science.gov (United States)

... outposts, the border batalion of Kosh-Agach, and the Tashanta checkpoint of Aktash border-control detachment. The border ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

From its inception in 1977, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has been responsible for maintaining the nations nuclear stockpile, leading the country in terms of basic research, setting national energy goals, and managing thousands of individual programs. Despite these gains, however, the DOE research and development (R&D) model does not appear to offer the nation an optimal strategy for assessing long-term energy challenges. American energy policy continues to face constraints related to three "Is": inconsistency, incrementalism, and inadequacy. An overly rigid management structure and loss of mission within the DOE continues to plague its programs and create inconsistencies in terms of a national energy policy. Various layers of stove-piping within and between the DOE and national labo...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

To reduce the cost of the formed coke briquettes which can be used as a substitute fuel to the metallurgical coke for the blast furnace from the coke breeze alternative binders and their blends were used. The high temperature behavior was investigated. The binders tested were: the nitrogen blown, air blown coal tar pitch and the blend of air blown coal tar pitch with the phenolic resins blends. The phenolic resin blends were prepared by mixing equal amount of resole and novalac. From the results, nitrogen blowing resulted in the weakest briquettes. The air blowing procedure should be preferred in place of nitrogen blowing for this purpose. When the air blown coal tar pitch was used alone as a binder, the briquettes must be cured at 200^oC for 2h, then carbonized at a temperature above 670^...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chlorine clearly inhibits the CO{sub 2}-gasification reaction of charcoal at 800{sup o}C. From this and other observations the picture emerges that the reduction in the gasification reactivity of the charcoal is intimately related to the deactivation of the catalytically active alkali metals residing in the wood due to the formation of the chloride salt. It is argued that the heavy metal chlorides will likely transfer the chlorine to the indigenous alkali metals during the pyrolysis stage of the wood. The fate of the thus formed alkali metal chlorides can then be either their removal from the sample (evaporation), or, when present at the gasification stage, re-activation (i.e., de-chlorination) under our gasification conditions. (author) 3 figs., 4 refs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

There are mainly two protocols in isoflavone analysis, one that involves hydrolysis prior to HPLC analysis and the other direct HPLC analysis. In this study, three different hydrolysis methods were systematically re-evaluated, and compared with direct HPLC analysis. Acidic hydrolysis (1.2-3M HCl in ethanol at 80^oC) showed a maximum conversion of ca. 92% from glucosides to aglycones in 2h; however, longer reaction caused degradation of genistein. Alkaline hydrolysis using 2M NaOH converted acetylglucosides and malonylglucosides to their respective glucosides within 10min. Glucuronidase from H. pomatia effectively converted isoflavone glucosides and acetylglucosides to aglycones. Quantification of the total isoflavones in various soy food products showed no significant difference among dire...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The physicochemical properties of binary lipid mixtures of diether C25,25 lipids and dipalmitoyl-L-a-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were studied using photon correlation, fluorescence and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. These two types of lipids can be mixed at all molar ratios to form unilamellar and multilamellar liposomes. Fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatrien in mixed liposomes indicates that the abrupt changes in order parameter in the hydrophobic part of bilayer membranes made of DPPC lipids disappears with increasing mol%C25,25 lipids. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy shows that at temperatures below 50^oC, the interfacial regions of membrane bilayer of mixed liposomes is more fluid than for pure DPPC lipo...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We present a novel fabrication route yielding Raney-platinum film electrodes intended as glucose oxidation anodes for potentially implantable fuel cells. Fabrication roots on thermal alloying of an extractable metal with bulk platinum at 200^oC for 48h. In contrast to earlier works using carcinogenic nickel, we employ zinc as potentially biocompatible alloying partner. Microstructure analysis indicates that after removal of extractable zinc the porous Raney-platinum film (roughness factor ~2700) consists predominantly of the Pt3Zn phase. Release of zinc during electrode operation can be expected to have no significant effect on physiological normal levels in blood and serum, which promises good biocompatibility. In contrast to previous anodes based on hydrogel-bound catalyst particles the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents the design, development and performance characteristics of a low cost solar steam generating system which incorporates recent design and materials innovations of parabolic dish technology. The concentrator is a deep dish of rather imperfect optics, made of silvered polymer reflectors fitted in the aluminum frame of a satellite communication dish. Conventional cavity receivers tend to be inadequate for this concentrator. Semi-cavity and modified cavity receivers, thermally optimised, with the fuzzy focal image have, therefore, been investigated. Preliminary field measurements and cost, as well as performance analyses of the system, indicate a solar to steam conversion efficiency of 70-80% at 450{sup o}C and a collector system cost of Rs 8000-9000/m{sup 2} (1 US dollar = Rs, 40.0). (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The microstructure evolution of nine samples from three Ir-base ternary systems, Ir-Nb-Hf, Ir-Nb-Ta, and Ir-Nb-Ti, was investigated by microstructure observation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), composition map-analysis using electron probe microscopy analysis (EPMA), and phase determination using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The fcc/L1{sub 2} two-phase structure was detected in all the samples. Lattice misfits between fcc and L1{sub 2} phases were calculated. Ir-Nb-Ta and Ir-Nb-Ti alloys exhibited a microstructure quite similar to that of Ni-base superalloys, and the cuboidal L1{sub 2} precipitates in Ir-Nb-Ta and Ir-Nb-Ti alloys could maintain up to 1900 {sup o}C.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study structural and magnetic character of the expanded austenite phase (gN) layer formed on a medical grade CoCrMo alloy by a low-pressure Radio-Frequency plasma nitriding process was investigated. The formation of the expanded austenite phase is facilitated at a substrate temperature near 400^oC for 1, 2, 4, 6 and 20h under a gas mixture of 60% N2-40% H2. The magnetic state of the gN layers was determined by a surface sensitive technique, magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE), and with a scanning probe microscope in magnetic force mode (MFM). Strong evidence for the ferromagnetic nature of the gN-(Co,Cr,Mo) phase is provided by the observation of stripe domain structures and the hysteresis loops. The ferromagnetic state for the gN phase observed here is mainly linked to large lattice ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper studies the effect upon the thermoluminescence (TL) signal of four feldspar samples of exposing them to infrared stimulation, as occurs during infrared-stimulated luminescence (IRSL) measurement. Together with pulse annealing measurements these results are used to show which part of the TL signal is removed by exposure to IR and which part is directly related to the IRSL signal that is observed. When the samples are preheated prior to measurement in order to remove any low-temperature (< 200"oC) TL signals, a linear relationship is observed between the amount of TL that is lost and the IRSL light sum that is produced. The IRSL light sum is consistently four times larger than the amount of TL that is lost. Three possible explanations are proposed for this, but no conclusive evidence could be obtained to support any of them. A close similarity is observed in the pulse annealing results and the loss of TL due to IR exposure of the four samples. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background: The environment preferred by Acanthamoeba trophozoites and the mechanism by which the amebae enters the cornea are not yet fully understood. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease may help with prevention and treatment. Purpose: To define the preferred environments for Acanthamoeba survival and proliferation in vitro by examining the effect of tonicity, nutrient concentration, and free chlorine content on Acanthamoeba. Materials and methods: Human corneal isolates of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba polyphaga trophozoites were cultured at 22^oC (room temperature) in PYG (peptone-yeast extract-glucose) medium. The effect of tonicity on amebae was determined by incubating trophozoites in sodium chloride solutions in concentrations ranging from 0% to 1...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The transformation of ferrihydrite to siderite (FeCO3) in the presence of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and aqueous sulfide has been investigated by in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical transformation of iron-bearing minerals to form iron carbonates may play a role in the chemistry related to the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide in the Earth's (sub)surface. The iron oxyhydroxide ferrihydrite in an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfide in contact with scCO2 at 100^oC reacts within 24h to form siderite and elemental sulfur. In situ studies of this reaction with ATR-FTIR show that ferrihydrite exists with an adsorbed layer of carbonate. However, the presence of the carbonate adsorbat...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Development drilling from Chevron-operated Platform Hermosa, located on OCS-P 0316 of the Point Arguello field, began on January 30, 1987. To date, seven development wells have been drilled in to the northwest-southeast-trending, doubly plunging anticlinal structure. The results from drilling have confirmed the presence of intense folding and fracturing in the targeted Monterey Formation. Over 700 ft of conventional core were recovered from the B-2 well in the lower Sisquoc and Monterey Formations. Analysis of the core material has yielded important information on lithologic variations and fracture patterns in the productive Monterey Formation. Initial results of core studies, DST data, and wireline studies indicate a correlation between rock type and fracturing. Fracture trends and directional permeability suggested by drill-stem testing may affect future drilling patterns in the field.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alloy 800 and Alloy 600 are well known for their resistance to corrosion in an aqueous medium at high pressure and temperature, for which they have been widely used for more than 3 decades in different structural components of water refrigerated nuclear reactors, especially as material for the steam generator tubes (SG) in these nuclear plants. The SG tubes in the Atucha I and Embalse Nuclear Plants are made with Alloy 800. The speed of corrosion of these materials in a reactor's refrigerant medium, while very small is perfectly measurable and can be described by parabolic or logarithmic type kinetics. In other words this speed is high in the first states of growth during the formation of a protective oxide film but then drops to almost stationary values. One characteristic of these films is the formation of a double layer (or duplex): i) an internal adhering layer, of approximately constant thickness, formed by small microcrystals (#<=#0.05 mm), ii) a less adhering external one, ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Functional properties of commercial and membrane processed pea protein isolates (PPI) prepared from yellow peas were investigated. Four protein isolates were prepared from yellow pea flour using water and KCl extractions at 25^oC followed by ultrafiltration and diafiltration (UF and DF) at pHs of 7.5 and 7.5 or 6 respectively. Following assessment of compositional attributes; solubility, foaming, flow and dynamic rheology, emulsification ability and heat-induced textural and rheological properties of prepared PPIs and a commercially available PPI were tested and compared. Membrane purification of proteins resulted in 28% to 68% reduction in phytic acid and enhanced, comparatively, the tested functional properties. Solubility of membrane processed PPIs, at all tested pHs, was superior and t...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during a spontaneous heating event in a coal mine are important gases to monitor for detecting the spontaneous heating at an early stage. However, in underground coal mines, the CO and CO2 concentrations and their related fire ratios may be affected by mine ventilation. In this study, CO and CO2 emissions from spontaneous heating of a U.S. coal sample were evaluated in an isothermal oven under different airflow ventilation rates ranging from 100 to 500cm^3/min. Laboratory experiments were conducted at oven temperatures of 70, 90, and 100^oC. The temperature at the center of the coal sample was continually monitored, while the CO, CO2, and oxygen (O2) concentrations of the exit gas were continually measured. The results indicate that C...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Conversion of biomass into producer gas by thermal gasification broadens the scope of biomass applications. Usually, tar has to be removed from the producer gas. Tar recycling within the gasification process may solve the associated waste problem and increase the system efficiency, provided tar is broken down under gasification conditions. We present results of tar recycling experiments at a Circulating Fluidised Bed gasifier. At 830{sup o}C, from each of 15 main tar compounds 70-80% are broken down. Continuous recycling of tar would increase the tar content in raw producer gas by 50% at most and save about 3% fuel input. 10 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Determination of the radiocarbon (14C) content of airborne particulate matter yields insight into the proportion of the carbonaceous material derived from fossil and contemporary carbon sources. Daily samples of PM2.5 were collected by high-volume sampler at an urban background site in Birmingham, UK, and the fraction of 14C in both the total carbon, and in the organic and elemental carbon fractions, determined by two-stage combustion to CO2, graphitisation and quantification by accelerator mass spectrometry. OC and EC content was also determined by Sunset Analyzer. The mean fraction contemporary TC in the PM2.5 samples was 0.50 (range 0.27-0.66, n=26). There was no seasonality to the data, but there was a positive trend between fraction contemporary TC and magnitude of SOC/TC ratio and fo...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Pyogenic sacroiliitis is a rare entity in children. Diagnosis is often delayed because of its variable clinical presentation, low suspicion by the examining physician, and rare findings on radiographs. Delayed diagnosis, however, results in complications such as iliopsoas abscess. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl hospitalized with a 21-day history of fever, pain in the left iliac fossa, and flexion contracture of the hip. On examination, she had fever (38.9 ^oC), psoitis, localized tenderness at the left sacroiliac joint, and pain elicited by lateral compression of the pelvis. The abdominal examination was normal. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 130mm in the first hour, C-reactive protein was 186mg/l, and the white blood cell count was 18,400/mm^3, with 79% neutrophils. Urin...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An exergoeconomic model of a vertical ground-source heat pump residential heating system presented in this study uses exergy and cost energy mass (EXCEM) methods. The data obtained from a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) residential heating system installed at the Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Turkey, are utilized for calculations at different reference temperature values in the range 0-25{sup o}C. The performance of the geothermal heat pump residential heating system is evaluated to indicate how exergoeconomic parameter values change with system. We also undertake a parametric study to investigate how varying reference temperatures will affect the exergoeconomic analysis of the GSHP system. A correlation between the ratio of thermodynamic loss rate to capital cost and reference state temperature is developed. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thermal energy storage performance of fatty acids and a eutectic mixture as phase change materials (PCMs) has been investigated experimentally. The selected PCMs for this study were palmitic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, and a mixture of stearic and myristic acids in eutectic combination ratio of 65.7 wt% myristic acid and 34.3 wt% stearic acid. The PCMs have a melting temperature range of 50.0{sup o}C to 61.20{sup o}C and a latent heat range of 162.0 J/g to 204.5 J/g. The inlet temperature and the mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid (HTF) were selected as experimental parameters to test the thermal energy storage performance of the PCMs. The transition times, temperature range, propagation of the solid-liquid interface, as well as heat flow rate characteristics of the employed cylindrical tube storage system were studied at varied experimental parameters. The experimental results show that the melting front moves to inward in the radial ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To prepare porous carbons with high adsorption capacity from rice straws, two different kinds of precursors, i.e. one as the raw rice straws (one-stage process) and the other as pre-carbonized rice straws (two-stage process), were active with KOH of various impregnation ratios. The two-stage process was found very effective for manufacturing porous carbons with high surface area and adsorption capacities for MB and I{sub 2}. For example, the porous carbon that was carbonized at 700{sup o}C and subsequently activated at 900{sup o}C exhibited the surface area of 2410 m{sup 2}/g, the adsorption capacities of 800 and 1720 mg/g for MB and I{sub 2}, respectively, and the total pore volume of 1.4 ml/g. In the two-stage method, there was a preferential optimum impregnation ratio of KOH to a precursor carbon, i.e. 4:1, with which high surface area of porous carbons could be achieved. The formation of uni- and bidentate carboxylic salt structure, induced ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The carbon dioxide capture potential of amine amino acid salts (AAAS), formed by mixing equinormal amounts of amino acids; e.g. glycine. B-alanine and sarcosine, with an organic base; 3-(methylamino)propylamine (MAPA), was assessed by comparison with monoethanolamine (MEA), and with amino acid salt (AAS) from amino acid neutralized with an inorganic base; potassium hydroxide (KOH). Carbon dioxide absorption and desorption experiments were carried out on the solvent systems at 40{sup o}C and 80{sup o}C respectively. Experimental results showed that amine amino acid salts have similar CO{sub 2} absorption properties to MEA of the same concentration. They also showed good signs of stability during the experiments. Amino acid salt from an inorganic base, KOH, showed lower performance in CO{sub 2} absorption than the amine amino acid salts (AAAS) mainly due to a lower equilibrium temperature sensitivity. AAAS showed better performance than MEA of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from chicken waste (CW) and coal (E-coal) blended at the ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 50:50, 20:80, and 0:100. The process included carbonization in flowing gaseous nitrogen (300 mL min{sup -1}) at ca. 430{sup o}C for 60 min and successive steam activation (0.1 mL min{sup -1} water injection with a flow of N{sub 2} at 100 mL min{sup -1}) at 650{sup o}C for 30 min. Chicken waste is low in sulfur content but is high in volatile matter (about 55 wt %), and ACs with higher specific surface area were more successfully obtained by mixing with coal. The specific surface area of the CW/Coal blend AC can be estimated by SSA{sub BET} = -65.8x{sup 2} + 158x + 168, where SSA{sub BET} is the specific surface area in m{sup 2} g{sup -1} as determined by the BET method using CO{sub 2} as the adsorbent, where x is the coal fraction by weight in the CW/coal blend ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 (e.g., x = 0.0 signifies the blend contains ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

CeO{sub 2}-TiO{sub 2} catalysts are prepared by coprecipitation method, and the activity and stability in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol are investigated in a batch reactor and packed-bed reactor. CeO{sub 2}-TiO{sub 2} mixed oxides show the higher activity than pure CeO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2}, and CeO{sub 2}-TiO{sub 2} 1/1 catalyst displays the highest activity in the CWAO of phenol. In a batch reactor, COD and TOC removals are about 100% and 77% after 120 min in the CWAO of phenol over CeO{sub 2}-TiO{sub 2} 1/1 catalyst at reaction temperature of 150 {sup o}C, the total pressure of 3 MPa, phenol concentration of 1000 mg/L, and catalyst dosage of 4 g/L. In a packed-bed reactor using CeO{sub 2}-TiO{sub 2} 1/1 particle catalyst, over 91% COD and 80% TOC removals are obtained at the reaction temperature of 140 {sup o}C, the air total pressure of 3.5 MPa, the phenol concentration of 1000 mg/L for 100 h continue reaction. Leaching ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many commercial processes for the removal of carbon dioxide from high-pressure gases use aqueous potassium carbonate systems promoted by secondary amines. This paper presents thermodynamic and kinetic data for aqueous potassium carbonate promoted by piperazine. Research has been performed at typical absorber conditions for the removal of CO{sub 2} from flue gas. Piperazine, used as an additive in 20-30 wt% potassium carbonate, was investigated in a wetted-wall column using a concentration of 0.6 m at 40-80{sup o}C. The addition of 0.6 m piperazine to a 20 wt% potassium carbonate system decreases the CO{sub 2} equilibrium partial pressure by approximately 85% at intermediate CO{sub 2} loading. The distribution of piperazine species in the solution was determined by proton NMR. Using the speciation data and relevant equilibrium constants, a model was developed to predict system speciation and equilibrium. The addition of 0.6 m piperazine to 20 wt% potassium carbonate ...

Science.gov (United States)

Scanning electron microscopy and an electron-microprobe analysis of a sample of blast furnace (BF) coke have revealed alkalization (5.64 wt % Na{sub 2}O + K{sub 2}O) and Al saturation (17.28 wt % Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) of SiO{sub 2} by BF gases. The K/Na{sub at} value of 1.15 in the new phase (alteration zone) reflects close atomic proportions of the elements and suggests that the abilities to incorporate K and Na during the process are almost equal. This Al saturation and alkalization of SiO{sub 2} indicates an active role for Al along with alkali metals in BF gases. The average width of the altered area in the SiO{sub 2} grain is about 10 m, which suggests that SiO{sub 2} particles of that size can be transformed fully to the new phase, provided that at least one of their faces is open to an external pore (surface of the coke) or internal pore with circulating BF gases. The grains that exceed 10 {mu}m can only be partly altered, which means that smaller SiO{sub 2} grains can incorporate ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper summarizes the U.S. Department of Energy R&D program in crystalline-silicon photovoltaic technology, which is jointly managed by Sandia National Laboratories and National Renewable Energy Laboratory. This program features a balance of basic an d applied R&D, and of university, industry, and national laboratory R&D. The goal of the crystalline-silicon R&D program is to accelerate the commercial growth of crystalline-silicon photovoltaic technology, and four strategic objectives were identified to address this program goal. Technical progress towards meeting these objectives is reviewed.

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionM291272: National herpetofauna monitoring programme: map-based online data entry and volunteer training, 2008 1. Background The Herpetological Conservation Trust (the HCT) has been working in partnership with Natural England and others, including the voluntary Amphibian and Reptile Groups of the UK (ARG UK), to develop a national surveillance system for herpetofauna. The National Amphibian and Reptile Recording Scheme (NARRS) is an umbrella for existing survey initiatives as well as new schem [continued...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This publication presents seven national case studies from a coordinated research project on Indicators for Sustainable Energy Development conducted during the 2002-2005 time period. The project was led by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in cooperation with the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). The case studies were developed by research organizations from Brazil, Cuba, Lithuania, Mexico, Russia, Slovakia and Thailand. This publication is being issued just prior to the 15th session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development for which energy for sustainable development is a major theme. The 15th session of the Commission will focus on policy decisions on practical measures and options to expedite implementation in selected clusters of energy issues. The application the energy indicator, especially their quantification, enables systematic monitoring of progress ...

Science.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Issue 2. June 2010 this issue. Nebula: Cloud Computing p.1. Better Business with EA p.2 ...

Science.gov (United States)

... transItion to more capable space-based interceptors as ... ten wtth bmlogtcal, and thirty with chemical weapons. ... are becoming the weapon of choice ...

Science.gov (United States)

integrates multiple fisheries information systems to obtain a view of U.S. freshwater fish distribution. Information about NFDI National Framework for Early Detection, Rapid...

Science.gov (United States)

Challenges of robotic cars, sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the U.S. Defense Department. Carroll Cordes, recently retired USGS branch chief,...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Enhancing transport sustainability is the password of national, European, and international policies. The development of innovative solutions is ranging from bio fuels to transport analysis models, materials, traction technologies, mobility management, freight villages.

Science.gov (United States)

Timber Compartment Boundary This data set identifies the 90 timber compartment boundaries in a 200 square-mile study ... Kawishiwi Ranger Districts, Superior National ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Borisko, VN Tseluyko, AF Zinov'ev, DV Lazurik, VT Kharkov National University,

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition and one the most common causes of disability in the developed nations. Anecdotally, there is a general...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... The other standards in this group deal with heat exchangers, insulation, marking, valves, hydraulic cleanliness, storage of LPG, and centrifugal fire ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background:Spina bifida presents a significant cause of childhood morbidity in lower- and middle-income nations. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of literature examining...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... system. Perspective in Health Information Management, 1(4), 1-11. National Coalition on Healthcare. (2007). Health Insurance Coverage. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many nations and international agencies are working to develop improved technology and industrial capability for neuclear fuel cycle and waste management operations. The effort in some countries is limited to research in university laboratories on treating low-level waste from reactor plant operations. In other countries, national nuclear research institutes are engaged in major programs in all phases of the fuel cycle and waste management, and there is a national effort to commercialize fuel cycle operations. Since late 1976, staff members of Pacific Northwest Laboratory have been working under US Department of Energy sponsorship to assemble and consolidate openly available information on foreign and international nuclear waste management programs and technology. This report summarizes the information collected on the status of fuel cycle and waste management programs in selected countries making major efforts in these ...

Science.gov (United States)

Regional Information: Quality of Life Sports and Recreation. Professional Sports Teams. New Orleans Saints - National Football League; New Orleans Hornets ...

Science.gov (United States)

For coupled quantum wires and dots, tunneling effects and coherent transport for quantum computing are being studied. In 2D systems, electron-hole bilayers for exciton...

Science.gov (United States)

Provisions (a) NPDES field personnel shall be currently trained and certified in CPR and basic first-aid procedures. (b) NPDES field personnel shall be aware of the...

Science.gov (United States)

Jul 3, 1975 ... Elect cooktop, GE, coppertone, xlnt. Used flute, Lyle, 2831. The Roundup is an official publication of the National. Aeronautics ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This bibliography lists unclassified publications of work done at the Los Alamos National Laboratory for 1988. The entries, which are subdivided by broad subject categories, are cross-referenced with an author index and a numeric index.

CERN Multimedia

"Physics in America is at a crossroads and in crisis, just as humanity stands on the verge of great discoveries about the nature of matter and the universe, a panel from the National Academy of sciences concludes in a new report."

Science.gov (United States)

17F0B270 MUSCOOT RIVER AT BALDWIN PLACE, N 41° 20' 17", W 73 ° 46' 07" (41.338055 , -73.768608) Disclaimer...

Science.gov (United States)

operations and defense, personnel misconduct (PM), law enforcement (LE), and counterintelligence (CI) investigations.- At any time, the USG may inspect and seize data stored on...

Science.gov (United States)

and the Wildland Firefighter Foundation. To request a marker click here. Engraved bricks may also be purchased from the Foundation to become part of the site. To request a...

Science.gov (United States)

By Charles' E. Watkins and Julian H. Berman. ..... By H. J. Grover, W. S. Hyler, Paul Kuhn, Charles B. Landers, and F. M. Howell. ...

Science.gov (United States)

By Charles E. Watkins. 2065. A Transformation Theory of the Partial ..... Mr. Grover Loening. Prof. John R. Markham, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ...

Science.gov (United States)

complete verification of the Garrick-Watkins theory for the effect of forward speed on the ..... By W. S. Hyler, R A. Lewis, and 11 J. Grover. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Jul 15, 2004 ... Responding to the recommendations of the President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy, NASA is teaming ...

Wastenet

... These tankers will be converted to a dual-fuel engine to enable them to run efficiently on the biomethane. The other half will be conditioned and injected into National Gridrsquo;s gas distribution network. This will provide enough renewable energy for all the heating and ...

Science.gov (United States)

... WHS- Washington Headquarters Service ... but also with respect to other Joint, National and ... unit of action (UA) combat team or task force is organized ...

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:10684911

Science.gov (United States)

Polygon coverage showing distribution of groundfish and Pacific halibut in the Gulf of Alaska. Includes halibut, nearshore rockfish, pacific cod, pacific ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

Polygon coverage showing known concentrations and known spawning areas of shrimp in the Gulf of Alaska. General distribution area of shrimp includes most ... ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

... TTP Tehrik-e-Taliban-e-Pakistan UN United Nations ... impossible task. Pakistan, mainly funded and encouraged by the US and Saudi ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Summary brochure of GeoPowering the West (GPW) activities, and areas of technology transfer and market transformation. It also provides current contact information for key DOE and national laboratory staff representing the GPW program.

Science.gov (United States)

of different transportation fuels (e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation gasoline, jet fuel, residual fuel oil). Subsequent calculations are performed to estimate the share...

CERN Multimedia

"Physics in the United States is in a crisis that the country may lose the leadership in basic particle research in coming years, a report of the National Research Council warned." (1 page)

Science.gov (United States)

Sep 1, 2011 ... We estimate the avoided fuel treatment cost for 10 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stands on the Umatilla National Forest in the Pacific ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Distribution Unlimited: Approved for "i3a. ... 'he tide changes were obtained using the standard NOAA National Ocean Survey tide tables. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Accidents Accident Preparedness, Accident Prevention, Chemical Accidents, Radiation Accidents Characterization Contingency Plans National Contingency Plan (NCP), Oil Removal...

Science.gov (United States)

Accidents Accident Preparedness, Accident Prevention, Chemical Accidents, Radiation Accidents Characterization Contingency Plans National Contingency Plan (NCP), Oil Removal...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe National Cancer Institute has concluded that exposure to smoking in movies causes adolescent smoking and there are similar results for young adults.Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... the Mississippian Antler orogeny (Condie and Sloan 1998). Mesozoic Era (251 to 65.5 million years ago) The ... half of the Paleozoic and beginning of the Mesozo...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(Jun 1974). United States Hart, RW Setlow, RB Oak Ridge National Lab.,

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In 2005, the American Medical Informatics Association undertook a set of activities relating to clinical decision support (CDS), with support from the office of the national coordinator and the Agency...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... SHEET. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, MATERIALS WILL BE MINIMUM SIZE lAW MIL-STD-2073-1. 18. TOLERANCES ...

Science.gov (United States)

... is not a "significant portion of its range." Asarco, Inc. v. EPA, 616 F.2d 1153, 1159 ( ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

years I chaired a national committee drafting recommended standards for organic livestock production for the Organic Trade Association and had the opportunity to work with...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The interpretation of data from the nuclear forensic analysis of illicit nuclear material of unknown origin requires comparative data from samples of known origin. One way to provide such comparative data is to create a system of national nuclear forensics libraries, in which each participating country stores information about nuclear or other radioactive material that either resides in or was manufactured by that country. Such national libraries could provide an authoritative record of the material located in or produced by a particular country, and thus forms an essential prerequisite for a government to investigate illicit uses of nuclear or other radioactive material within its borders. We describe the concept of the national nuclear forensic library, recommendations for content and structure, and suggested querying methods for utilizing the information for addressing nuclear smuggling.

Science.gov (United States)

transmitted to the Ozone Secretariat of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) its sixth nomination for a critical use exemption (CUE) from the phaseout of methyl...

Science.gov (United States)

National Institutes of Health Mucosal Immunology and Microbiome Interest Group Search Go Search Skip Navigation Links SIGS > Mucosal Immunology and Microbiome Interest Group Skip...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Since nuclear terrorism has been identified as a real threat, the Korean government has earnestly developed elementary technologies and sub-systems for establishing an integrated defensive system against nuclear terrorism, which is based on the concept of defense-in-depth. This paper introduces the gist and implications of the studies that have been conducted in building the national nuclear material tracking system for preventing and intercepting the illicit trafficking and transporting of nuclear material in Korea. (orig.)

Wastenet

... Indoor facilities include a 50 metre swimming pool, various sports halls, a netball and badminton centre, a dance studio, a high performance athletics centre, the ECB National Cricket Academy, and the National Gymnastics Performance and Research Centre, whilst outdoors there are floodlit all-weather areas, a water-based ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper discusses the clean-up of an Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) site utilized for disposal of transuranic contaminated waste from 1954 until 1970. The author presents requirements of the environmental protection statutes that have generated quality assurance requirements in addition to those historically implemented as a part of facility design, construction and operation. A hierarchy of program guidance quality documentation and procedures is discussed. Data qualification and computer database management are identified as requirements.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Chronic workplace exposure to formaldehyde and solvents at low doses reduced pulmonary function in 280 non-smoker white women working as histology technicians. They were studied during national workshops...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Science and technology are at the heart of everything we do at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, as we pursue innovative, robust, and sustainable ways to produce energy--and as we seek to understand and illuminate the physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering behind alternative energy technologies. This year's Research Review highlights the Lab's work in the areas of alternatives fuels and vehicles, high-performing commercial buildings, and high-efficiency inverted, semi-mismatched solar cells.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A diverse set of digital image-processing applications exists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. While many of these include some sort of image analysis or restoration, virtually all of them require image-enhancement procedures. In this paper we describe the principal image-processing facility at the Laboratory, followed by a discussion of several of the major image-processing application areas.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This is a progress report from the Health and Safety Research Division of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Information is presented in the following sections: Assessment Technology, Biological and Radiation Physics, Chemical Physics, Biomedical and Environmental Information Analysis, Risk Analysis, Center for Risk Management, Associate Laboratories for Excellence in Radiation Technology (ALERT), and Contributions to National and Lead Laboratory Programs and Assignments--Environmental Restoration.

Wastenet

...ENSO Applications Center (PEAC) Institutional Affiliation: PEAC's core members are The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Office of Global Programs (NOAA/OGP) The NOAA National Weather Service - Pacific Region (NWS-PR), The University of Hawaii - School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology UH/SOEST, The University of Guam - Water and Energy Research Institute (UOG/WERI), and a regional association of the USAPI Governments, the Pacific Basin ...

Science.gov (United States)

In November 1998, President Clinton charged the National Bioethics Advisory Commission with the task of conducting a thorough review of the issues associated with human stem cell research, balancing all ethical and medical considerations. The President's ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report summarizes activities of the Amarillo National Resource Center for Plutonium during the quarter. The report describes the Electronic Resource Library; DOE support activities; current and future environmental health and safety programs; pollution prevention and pollution avoidance; communication, education, training, and community involvement programs; and nuclear and other material studies, including plutonium storage and disposition studies.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper examines the dynamic international political economic environment in which petroleum exploration and production companies must operate when considering investments in the economically transitional nations of the former Soviet Union or developing nations In this period of critical global changes low oil prices is only one factor with which petroleum companies Must be. concerned in their investment decisions Other factors include the transition from a bipolar world to a multipolar world of free trade zones. the general malaise of the international economy public and political recognition that nations and industries can no longer practice environmental {open_quotes}beggar-thy-neighbor{close_quotes} policies, and the rejection of aggregate national economic growth policies for sustainable economic development policies in both the Developed and developing world This paper focuses on actions which ...

Science.gov (United States)

Silicon carbide (SiC) based electronic devices are of great importance for applications under the condition of high temperature, high power and high radiation. Schottky diodes of Palladium/SiC are good candidates for hydrogen and hydrocarbon gas sensors at elevated temperature. The detection sensibility of the diodes has been found heavily temperature dependent. In this work, the electrical and chemical properties of Pd/SiC Schottky contacts were studied by XPS and AES at different annealing temperatures. Schottky diodes were made by depositing ultra-thin palladium films onto a silicon carbide substrate. No significant change in the Schottky barrier height of the Pd/SiC contact was found in the temperature range of 300-673K. Palladium diffusion into SiC and the formation of palladium silicides were observed at room temperature and became significant at 300^oC and higher temperature. The mechanism of diffusion and reaction at the Pd/SiC interface will be discussed. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The study was directed towards determining the usability of clay and fine wastes (CW and FW) of boron from the concentrator plant in Kirka (Turkey) as a fluxing agent in production of red mud (RM) brick. Both laboratory studies on the characterization of materials and industrial-scale tests for production of bricks were carried out. CW and FW, which have similar chemical composition but include different types and amounts of oxides, were added in amounts of 5, 10 and 15wt% to RM, which consists of high amounts of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, SiO{sub 2} and alkalies. Six different sets of samples have been produced and fired at 700, 800 and 900{sup o}C. Dry shrinkage of green body, bending and compressive strength, firing shrinkage, water absorption, frost resistance and harmful magnesia and lime tests on heat-treated bodies have been performed. The mineralogical and mechanical tests showed that usability of boron wastes as a fluxing agent in the production ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

By increasing the price of crude oil and natural gas and the decline in their stock a possibility of more intense use of coal reserves as a feedstock not only for energy purposes but also as a feedstock source for other industries, mainly chemical and steel industry, is opening up. At present brown coal exploited in the Czech Republic is explicitly burned in the power sources of various outputs. Coal pyrolysis under the defined conditions may be an outstanding way of non-energetic brown coal processing. The target of our work was to determine the behaviour of various types of brown coal from the North Bohemian Basin under the pyrolysis up to the temperature 750{sup o}C. At the same time, qualitative parameters of the pyrolysis products in dependence on the features of the input brown coal were observed. Various types of brown coal were used for the pyrolysis tests differing mainly in the content of ash, sulphur and tar. Within the work mass balances of the incurred ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this study is to determine the thermal reliability of stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid and lauric acid as latent heat energy storage materials with respect to various numbers of thermal cycles. The fatty acids, as phase change materials (PCMs), of industrial grade (purity between 90% and 97%) were subjected to accelerated thermal cycle tests. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis technique was applied to the PCMs after 0, 120, 560, 850 and 1200 melt/freeze cycles in order to measure the melting temperatures and the latent heats of fusion of the PCMs. The DSC results indicated that the change in melting temperature for the PCMs was in the range of 0.07-7.87 {sup o}C, and the change in latent heat of fusion was -1.0% to -27.7%, except for stearic acid between 560 and 1200 melt/freeze cycles. However, the decrease in the latent heats of fusion for all the PCMs was not regular with increasing thermal cycles. The experimental ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Orujillo, sometimes called wood matter from pressed oil-stone (WPOS) is a residue from the olive oil mill industry. The generation of this biomass residue is concentrated in small areas allowing its use as fuel for medium size gasification and combustion plants. Rates of gasification of WPOS char were measured in a TGA at various temperatures (800-850-875-900-950{sup o}C), CO{sub 2} partial pressures (0.20-0.35-0.50 bar) and CO partial pressures (0.0-0.20 bar). The experiments were carried out with a monolayer bed of very fine particles well exposed to the gas so as to minimise mass and heat transfer resistances. Two kinetic models, the nth order model and Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, have been used to fit with the reactivity data. For pure CO{sub 2} experiments the kinetic parameters of nth order model were E=133 kJ/mol and n=0.43. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model clearly describes the observed CO inhibition effect on the CO{sub 2} gasification.(author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carbon nanofiber (CNF) supported cobalt oxide composites as high-capacity anode materials were prepared through a facile, effective method for potential use in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The effects of the calcining temperature on the crystallinity, grain size, specific surface area of Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} and phase transformation from Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} to CoO were studied in detail. Both the specific surface area and CNF content in CNF-cobalt oxide composites strongly affect the electrochemical performance of these series composites. The CNF-Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} composite with 24.3% CNF pyrolyzed at 500{sup o}C in Ar shows an excellent cycling performance, retaining a specific capacity of 881 mAh g{sup -1} beyond 100 cycles. Homogeneous deposition and distribution of nanosized Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} particles on the surface of CNF can stabilize the electronic and ionic conductivity as well as the morphology of Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} phase, which may be the main reason ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A series of experiments were carried out to examine the resistant capacity of a chemically treated hard wood, Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq. to thermal and termite degradation. The treatment with thermosetting resins viz. urea formaldehyde (UF), melamine formaldehyde (MF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) at 31-33 levels of weight percent gain (WPG) increased the strength property i.e. modulus of rupture (MOR) by 7.50-21.02% and stiffness i.e. modulus of elasticity (MOE) by 9.50-12.18% over the untreated one with no remarkable effect on specific gravity. The treated samples were found resistant to termite attack, while the untreated one was badly damaged by termites on 12 months' exposure to a termite colony. The thermal degradations of untreated and treated wood samples were studied using thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) techniques at heating rates 20 and 30 {sup o}Cmin{sup -1} in temperature range 30-650{sup o}C. The treated ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

TaC-4wt.% CNT composites were synthesized using spark plasma sintering. Two kinds of CNTs, having long (10-20mm) and short (1-3mm) length, were dispersed by wet chemistry and spray drying techniques respectively. Spark plasma sintering was carried out at 1850^oC at pressures of 100, 255 and 363MPa. Addition of CNTs leads to an increase in the density of 100MPa sample from 89% to 95%. Short CNTs are more effective in increasing the density of the composites whereas long CNTs are more effective grain growth inhibitors. The longer CNTs are more effective in increasing the fracture toughness and an increase up to 60% was observed for 363MPa sample. Hardness and elastic modulus are found to increase by 22% and 18% respectively for 100MPa samples by addition of long CNTs. Raman spectroscopy, SEM...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The feasibility of using three different solid fuels in chemical-looping combustion (CLC) has been investigated using NiO as oxygen carrier. A laboratory fluidized-bed reactor system for solid fuel was used, simulating a chemical-looping combustion system by exposing the sample to alternating reducing and oxidizing conditions. In each reducing phase 0.2g of fuel was added to the reactor containing 20g oxygen carrier. The experiments were performed at 970{sup o}C. Compared to previously published results with other oxygen carriers the reactivity of the used Ni-particles was considerably lower for the high-sulphur fuel and higher for the low-sulphur fuel. Much more unconverted CO was released and the fuel conversion was much slower for high-sulphur fuel such as petroleum coke, suggesting that the nickel-based oxygen carrier was deactivated by the presence of sulphur. The NiO particles also showed good reactivity with methane and a syngas mixture of 50% H{sub 2} and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this study, SnO2 thin films have been grown using spray pyrolysis technique on glass substrates under a substrate temperature (Ts = 440 oC). The precursors were methanol CH4O and anhydrous tin tetrachloride. XRD analyses yielded strong (1 1 0)-(1 0 1)-(2 0 0) X-ray diffraction peaks which are characteristics to tetragonal crystals. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analyses showed the existence of clusters with particular pyramidal shapes. The main part of this study concerns the optical measurements of transmittance T(?) and reflectance R(?) spectra inside 250-1800 nm domain. Conjoint optical and thermal properties were deduced using the Amlouk-Boubaker Opto-Thermal Expansivity ?AB. The obtained value: ?AB ? 23.4 m3 s-1 helped situating the performance of the as-grown SnO2 compound among most known PV-T oxides like ZnO and TiO2.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Solid-state fermentation of soybean hulls supplemented with wheat bran using a co-culture of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus oryzae was performed. Three parameters - initial moisture content, incubation temperature, and initial pH - were optimized in culture flasks using response surface methodology. Parameter optimization was carried out with respect to filter paper activity and b-glucosidase activity in the culture. Temperature of 30^oC, pH of 5, and moisture content of 70% were found to be optimum. Optimized parameters were used for laboratory scale-up in static tray fermenters. The maximum filter paper activity of 10.7FPU/g-ds and b-glucosidase of 10.7IU/g-ds were obtained after 96-h incubation period in static tray fermenters in agreement with optimized activities at shake flask le...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The CaWO{sub 4}:Ln{sup 3+} SiO{sub 2} (Ln=Tb, Dy and Ho) nanoparticles were synthesized via a combustion process at 800 {sup o}C, using citric acid as chelating agent and fuel, ammonium nitrate as fuel, boric acid as flux material and silica as supports. The persistent phosphor nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), reflectance UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy (PL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. XRD patterns indicated that crystalline calcium tungstate with scheelite structure was produced. The reflectance UV-vis spectra showed the broad absorption band of WO{sub 4}{sup 2-} groups and the PL spectra showed the WO{sub 4}{sup 2-} wide excitation band, broad emission band of WO{sub 4}{sup 2-} and characteristic emissions of Ln{sup 3+} ions. The average particle sizes were determined by TEM, which are about 50 nm.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper discusses the potential for geothermal energy use in the central part of Southern Poland, such as the availability of thermal aquifers and the techniques for putting the latter to practical use. The geological and geothermal features of the region are presented within the context of the existence of aquifers containing geothermal resources that could be used in space heating. Also discussed are the three main geological units where thermal waters are known to exist: the Carpathians, the Miechow Trough, and the Silesian-Cracow Monocline. Particularly favourable hydrogeological conditions exist in the Inner Carpathians, in the Podhale Trough, where there is already one geothermal company using geothermal energy, Geotermia Podhalanska S.A. Equally interesting from the geothermal point of view are the areas north of the Cracow-Tarnow line, where, in Mesozoic aquifers, water temperatures range from 20 to 60 {sup o}C. In this paper we propose technological ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents the performance analysis on a hybrid air-conditioning system according to the hybrid building energy system of the green building demonstration project in Shanghai, in which a 150 m{sup 2} solar collector is used to power two 10 kW adsorption chillers, a vapor compression heat pump is used to cool air in the evaporating end while the condensing heating at about 80{sup o}C is fully used to regenerate a liquid desiccant dehumidification system. In the hybrid system, the sensible cooling to the air is treated mainly by solar adsorption cooling and vapor compression cooling, whereas the latent heat is treated by the liquid desiccant dehumidification system with regeneration from the condensing heat of the heat pump. The results show that the performance of this system is 44.5% higher than conventional vapor compression system at a latent load of 30% and this improving can be achieved by 73.8% at a 42% latent load. The optimal ratio of adsorption ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Panel cooling of buildings offers energy savings over conventional space-cooling systems. We present a procedure for calculating the performance of H[sub 2]O-LiBr absorption-panel cooling systems, in which the evaporator is the panel itself. Nomographs have been developed for this approach. Under the conditions examined, the H[sub 2]O-LiBr absorption unit operates with a theoretical performance coefficient of about 90% and with a practically constant specific cooling capacity of 2394 kJ/kg H[sub 2]O. For common values of the parameters involved, the panel cooling power varies from 25 to 175 W/m[sup 2] and the cooling water mass-flow through the panel is 40-260 g/m[sup 2]h. The thermal power needed to drive the system varies from 27 to 200 W/m[sup 2] and the associated temperatures from 70 to 100[sup o]C; thus, the system may be operated on solar energy. (Author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Herein, we report engineering of nanostructured p-CuIn3Se5/n-CdS heterojunction thin film on a glass substrate, which is prepared at room temperature using simple wet chemical approach involving ion exchange reactions between CdS and Cu^+, In^3^+ and Se^2^- ions in alkaline medium. The uniform deposition of heterojunction thin films is achieved by optimizing the pH, temperature and molarity of the reactant bath. The as-deposited thin-films were annealed at 200^oC in air for 1h and further characterized for structural, optical and electrical properties using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Hall effect for type of conductivity, and I-V measurement to investigate the char...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mullite long fibres, which are a candidate for high temperature applications were prepared by sol-gel method from water solvent systems. They were synthesized from three different combinations of raw materials as follows: (1):Al(O{sub 1}C{sub 3}H{sub 7}){sub 3}, Al-nitrate and Si(OC{sub 2}H{sub 5}){sub 4} (TEOS), (2):Al metal, Al-chloride and TEOS, (3):Al metal, Al-nitrate and TEOS. In the methods (1) and (2), very fine SiO{sub 2} aerosol particles were also used partially replacing TEOS. The prepared solutions were condensed and examined the spinability by a hand drawing method. Dense and crack free mullite fibres were prepared from the methods (1) and (3) by firing up to 1100 C. Whereas the fibres prepared from the method (2) were less SiO{sub 2} than mullite composition and were porous by the firing due to evaporation of residual Cl ions at high temperature. (orig.) 10 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Graft copolymerization of sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) onto electron beam (EB) irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films was investigated to find out a simple preparation process for sulfonic acid proton exchange membranes with respect to monomer concentration, absorbed dose, temperature, film thickness and storage time. The reaction order of the monomer concentration and absorbed dose of grafting was found to be 2.84 and 1.20, respectively. The overall activation energy for graft copolymerization reaction was calculated to be 11.36 kJ/mol. The initial rate of grafting was found to decrease with an increase in the film thickness. The trapped radicals in the irradiated PVDF films remained effective in initiating the reaction without considerable loss in grafting level up to 180 days, when stored under -60 {sup o}C. The presence and distribution of polystyrene sulfonate grafts in the obtained membranes were observed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) ...