CERN Document Server

We study suspensions of semi-flexible colloidal rods and biopolymers using an Onsager-type second-virial functional for a segmented-chain model. For suspensions of thin and thick fd virus particles we calculate phase diagrams in quantitative agreement with experimental observations, and we find their effective state-point dependent shape to be much shorter and thicker than the actual shape. We also calculate the stretching of worm-like micelles in a host fd virus solution, again finding agreement with experiments. For both systems, our results show that the fd virus stiffness can play a key role in system behavior.

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Substantial changes in the radial distribution function of amorphous Si films have been observed in neutron-diffraction studies. The spectra indicate changes in short-range order associated with an approx.11% modification in the bond-angle distribution width. The results allow the first direct comparison of structural and vibrational Raman probes of variations in local order in thin-film amorphous solids. Good agreement is obtained between the measured bond-angle variation and that based on Raman estimates.

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A growth model of pitting corrosion of carbon steel in cooling water systems was developed on microscopic observations of pits and electrochemical studies. Results of pitting corrosion measurements in laboratory and field conditions with the model, using a newly developed electrochemical device, are discussed. For an actual heat exchanger up to a year operation, the values of pitting depth estimated were in good agreement with the measured values.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Objective: Results of reliability and agreement studies are intended to provide information about the amount of error inherent in any diagnosis, score, or measurement. The level of reliability and agreement among users of scales, instruments, or classifications is widely unknown. Therefore, there is a need for rigorously conducted interrater and intrarater reliability and agreement studies. Information about sample selection, study design, and statistical analysis is often incomplete. Because of inadequate reporting, interpretation and synthesis of study results are often difficult. Widely accepted criteria, standards, or guidelines for reporting reliability and agreement in the health care and medical field are lacking. The objective was to develop guidelines for reporting reliability and...

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The extent measurement error on CT colonography influences polyp categorisation according to established management guidelines is studied using twenty-eight observers of varying experience to classify polyps seen at CT colonography as either 'medium' (maximal diameter 6-9 mm) or 'large' (maximal diameter 10 mm or larger). Comparison was then made with the reference diameter obtained in each patient via colonoscopy. The Bland-Altman method was used to assess agreement between observer measurements and colonoscopy, and differences in measurement and categorisation was assessed using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-squared test statistics respectively. Observer measurements on average underestimated the diameter of polyps when compared to the reference value, by approximately 2-3 mm, irrespective of observer experience. Ninety-five ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background Experimental and clinical studies have identified a crucial role of microcirculation impairment in severe infections. We hypothesized that mottling, a sign of microcirculation alterations, was correlated to survival during septic shock. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study in a tertiary teaching hospital. All consecutive patients with septic shock were included during a 7-month period. After initial resuscitation, we recorded hemodynamic parameters and analyzed their predictive value on mortality. The mottling score (from 0 to 5), based on mottling area extension from the knees to the periphery, was very reproducible, with an excellent agreement between independent observers [kappa?=?0.87, 95% CI (0.72?0.97)]. Results Sixty patients were included. The SOFA scor...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study deals with testing the capacity of the code PARET to simulate natural circulation phenomena under different boundary conditions in addition to assessment of some new options related to simulation of control rod movement and the reactivity effect of thermal expansion fuel elements. the experiments of the simple thermal hydraulic loop of Missouri University about natural circulation phenomena in narrow parallel channel were used to validate the code. The results indicate good agreements regarding the evolution of coolant velocity and clad temperature. In particular the heat transfer coefficient of natural convection has been calculated in good agreement with the experiment. On the other hand, the core of MNSR reactor has been modelled to stimulate the reactor dynamic behaviour under natural circulation condition for different initial power level. The observed oscillations during the initial ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study deals with testing the capability of the code PARET to simulate natural convection cooling phenomena under different boundary conditions. In addition to applying and testing some new options related to simulation of the control rod movement and studying the reactivity effect of thermal expansion fuel elements. The experiments of the simple thermal hydraulic loop of Missouri university about natural cooling phenomena in two narrow paralled channels were used to validate the code. The study indicate good results regarding the distribution of coolant flux velocity and clad temperature. In particular the heat transfer coefficient of natural convection has been calculated in good agreement with the experiment. On the other hand, the core of MNSR reactor has been modelled to simulate the reactor dynamic behaviour under natural convection cooling conditions for different initial power level. The ...

Science.gov (United States)

The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement between rectal temperature and infrared emission detection (IRED). The specificity and sensitivity, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value were calculated. It was a prospective, observational and unblinded study. Thermoscan-pro-1 was used to collect pairs of data in 41 patients, all hospitalised on an acute geriatric ward during a 4-month period. 41% of the patients were febrile. The 'bias' between rectal and tympanic measurement (left ear) was -0.64 degree C (d) and the standard deviation 0.58 degree C (s). The '95% Confidence Interval' for the bias was -0.82 degree C and -0.46 degree C. The '95% limits of agreement' between the rectal measurement and the tympanic measurement (left ear) was -1.78 degrees C and 0.50 degree C. Regression analysis taught us that bias was increasing with increasing ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We provide a numerically efficient procedure to perform LDA+Hubbard I calculations including self-consistency over the charge density in the FP-LAPW basis. The method is applied to Pu, Am, and PuAm and PuCe alloys. Our results for valence photoemission spectra (PES) agree with experimental data and with previous LDA+DMFT calculations. Analysis of the J=5/2 and J=7/2 contributions to the f-occupation supports the intermediate-coupling picture of f-states in heavy actinides. The electronic specific heat coefficient is calculated for PuAm and PuCe alloys in reasonable agreement with recent experiments. We show that Pu atoms keep their mixed-valence character in these alloys. Next, we study electronic and spectral properties of Pu-based superconductor PuCoGa_5 and obtain good agreement with experimental PES. Finally, we analyze surface effects. In Pu monolayer, we find substantial modification of PES due to 5f-electron ...

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The oxidation of CO over a Pt/{gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst was studied by cyclic injection of CO and O{sub 2} pulses under CO and O{sub 2} pressures of 2 and 1 kPa, respectively, at temperatures of 330-650 K. A boundary reaction model yielded kinetic parameters in agreement with the results of published low-pressure studies. For CO{sub 2} formation from O{sub 2}(g) + (CO){sub ad}, CO desorption was the most important step and showed multipeak characteristics and a low activation energy (10 kJ/mol) for the boundary reaction was found. CO{sub 2} formation from O{sub 2}(g) + (CO) as well as from CO(g) + (O){sub ad} resulted from boundary reaction at oxygen island. A reaction mechanism was proposed to account for kinetics observed and interpret the varying observations noted in low-pressure studies in terms of diffusion-disguised kinetics.

CERN Document Server

Emission-line abundances have been uncertain for more than a decade due to unexplained discrepancies in the relative intensities of the forbidden lines and weak permitted recombination lines in planetary nebulae (PNe) and H II regions. The observed intensities of forbidden and recombination lines originating from the same parent ion differ from their theoretical values by factors of more than an order of magnitude in some of these nebulae. In this study we observe UV resonance line absorption in the central stars of PNe produced by the nebular gas, and from the same ions that emit optical forbidden lines. We then compare the derived absorption column densities with the emission measures determined from ground-based observations of the nebular forbidden lines. We find for our sample of PNe that the collisionally excited forbidden lines yield column densities that are in basic ...

Science.gov (United States)

Mixed convection in a rectangular channel (width/height = 2) with bottom-heated and top-cooled sections is studied by laser Doppler anemometry in nitrogen at Ra = 22,200 and Re = 18.75, 36, and 54. At the lower Re values, symmetry breaking is observed in steady but spatially oscillating flows that prevail over a certain distance from the leading edge of the differentially heated section. Further downstream, unsteady flows are found even for Re = 18.75. Numerical models are used to investigate the effects of adiabatic, conducting (with a conductive-convective heat transfer coefficient), and perfectly conducting side walls; channel tilts and Prandtl number dependence. Good agreement between calculations and experiment is obtained for longitudinal convective roll velocities. The transverse velocities are found to be independent of Re.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A beam of 3.6 MeV electrons has been used to study the generation of radiation in far infra-red (FIR) by the Smith-Purcell mechanism. The dependence of wavelength on angle of emission, over angles from 56 deg to 150 deg and wavelengths from 350 #mu#m to 1860 #mu#m, is in excellent agreement with the Smith-Purcell dispersion relation. Comparison of the yield with that from a 5000 K source suggests that the spontaneous Smith-Purcell effect offers an easily tunable alternative to the synchrotron as a coherent FIR source, and could form the basis of a cheap, compact Free Electron Laser (FEL). (author) 6 refs.; 5 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A review of the deep-level defects observed in both electron- and proton-irradiated GaAs solar cells is presented. Studies of the effects of periodic and continuous thermal annealing on the radiation-induced electron and hole traps and the recombination parameters in GaAs solar cells were made for a wide range of electron and proton energies, fluence, annealing temperature and annealing time. A refined model for numerical simulations of the displacement damage was developed for computing the defect density and the cell parameters in the electron- and proton-irradiated GaAs solar cells. Excellent agreement was obtained between the calculated values and the experimental data for the proton-irradiated GaAs solar cells. (orig.).

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Modern high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) instruments, which are capable of a point-to-point resolution of better than 0.2 nm, have allowed atomic-scale observations of a variety of internal interfaces. The application of the HREM technique to fcc model systems for the purpose of addressing a number of interface issues will be examined in this paper. Atomic structure observations for heterophase interfaces of metal/metal and metal/metal-oxide systems as well as HREM studies of grain boundaries in NiO and Au will be discussed with emphasis on generic structural features and the role of the interface plane. Comparisons between observed interface structures and atomistic computer modeling results have shown agreements for some interfaces, as well as certain differences in others. A number of structural features are common to both metal and oxide grain boundaries, as well as ...

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Twenty-four patients were studied with both /sup 201/Tl-thallus chloride and /sup 99m/Tc-TBI scintigraphy following exercise. Comparison of the two agents in detecting segmental myocardial ischemia and scar was made in 18 patients with evidence of coronary artery disease on /sup 201/Tl-thallous chloride scintigraphy. Agreement between the two studies was observed in 77% (125 of 162) of left ventricular segments, suggesting that /sup 99m/Tc-TBI can be used as a myocardial perfusion agent. Limitations were related to early high background activity from lungs and liver. The high lung activity and early myocardial redistribution within the 1st hour contributed to the failure of /sup 99m/Tc-TBI to detect 16 segmental defects seen in the immediate post-exercise thallous chloride scan. Persistently high liver activity additionally affected accurate interpretation in the left ventricular segments close to the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It has been reported by the present authors that behavior of tritium release from solid breeder grain is consisted of diffusion in grain, tritium transfer at surface layer and surface reactions on grain surface such as adsorption or isotope exchange reactions. Tritium release curves estimated using the tritium release model gave good agreement with observed tritium release curves from Li_4SiO_4, Li_2ZrO_3 or LiAlO_2. Tritium release behavior from Li_2TiO_3 under humid purge gas, dry purge gas and dry purge gas with hydrogen conditions is discussed in this study, tritium release curves using the release model that we proposed previously give a good agreements with experimental tritium release curves. Tritium effective diffusivity in the crystal grain of Li_2TiO_3 is also estimated in this study using a curve-fitting method applied to the release curves obtained under the humid purge ...

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Ex vivo (/sup 3/H)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetraline ((/sup 3/H)-DPAT) binding to the hippocampus has been utilized to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of buspirone after i.v. and oral administration of this drug to rats. Intravenous buspirone rapidly penetrated the brain as demonstrated by a maximum inhibition of (/sup 3/H)-DPAT binding at 1 min. Elimination of drug from the brain was biphasic, with a first component half-life of 24.8 min and a second component half-life of 96 min. Oral buspirone at 3 times the i.v. dose produced less than one-third the maximum inhibition of (/sup 3/H)-DPAT binding compared to that observed with i.v. buspirone. The pharmacokinetic parameters of buspirone observed in the present study are in agreement with those reported previously. Thus, the ex vivo binding assay could be utilized to determine the bioavailability of the drug to the brain, and its ...

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A variety of observations suggest that the Universe had a hot dense origin and that the pregalactic composition of the Universe was determined by nuclear reactions that occurred in the first few minutes. There is no unique hot Big Bang theory, but the simplest version produces a primeval chemical composition that is in good qualitative agreement with the abundances deduced from observation. Whether or not any Big Bang theory will provide quantitative agreement with observations depends on a variety of factors in elementary particle physics (number and masses of stable or long-lived particles, half-life of neutron, structure of grand unified theories) and from observational astronomy (present mean baryon density of the Universe, the Hubble constant and deceleration parameter). The influence of these factors on the abundances is discussed, as is the effect of ...

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Agreement to invite Project Associates

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Agreement to invite Project Associates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two-phase flow patterns and frictional pressure gradients in flow in small, rectangular channels are being studies as part of a larger research program addressing phase-change heat transfer of pure refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures in plate-fin heat exchangers. Small rectangular flow channels were selected as representative of plain fin geometries. The particular channel reported herein has dimensions of 19.05 {times} 3.18 mm. Adiabatic flows of air/water mixtures, with the flow channel horizontal and the channel exit at near-atmospheric conditions, were utilized in the experiments. Analysis and interpretation of the pressure data relative to observed flow pattern transitions led to an objective method for determining the plug/bubble-to-slug flow transition. This method, together with visual observations, supplemented with photographic data, was used to develop a flow pattern man. A comparison of existing flow pattern ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The structural parameters of various Haegg phases (H or M_n_+_1AX_n phases) are studied experimentally by x-ray and electron spectroscopies, x-ray diffraction, and ab initio full potential as well as full mutiple scattering theoretical calculations. Experimentally it was found that the structure of all ternary compounds analyzed herein are relaxed. The values of the lattice parameters and relaxations obtained from ab initio calculations are in excellent agreement with those deduced from the analysis of the experimental data. The bonding scheme has been analyzed and the charge transfer between constituting atoms determined. It is demonstrated that the strength and electrical transport properties in these materials are principally governed by the metallic planes. For the solid solution (Ti_0_._5Nb_0_._5)_2AlC, the most salient result is that the basal planes are corrugated, which could explain the solid solution scattering ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A compact, quasi-4? position sensitive silicon array, TIARA, designed to study direct reactions induced by radioactive beams in inverse kinematics is described here. The Transfer and Inelastic All-angle Reaction Array (TIARA) consists of 8 resistive charge division detectors forming an octagonal barrel around the target and a set of double-sided silicon-strip annular detectors positioned at each end of the barrel. The detector was coupled to the ?-ray array EXOGAM and the spectrometer VAMOS at the GANIL Laboratory to demonstrate the potential of such an apparatus with radioactive beams. The 14N(d,p)15N reaction, well known in direct kinematics, has been carried out in inverse kinematics for that purpose. The observation of the 15N ground state and excited states at 7.16 and 7.86 MeV is presented here as well as the comparison of the measured proton angular distributions with DWBA calculations. Transferred l-values are in very good ...

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This research involves the development of an analysis which yielded recommendations regarding the plate thickness at which the effects of transverse shear become significant enough to be taken into consideration during vibration testing of composite plates. The specimens designed using this analysis are to be used for the {open_quotes}inverse{close_quotes} problem of determining through-the-thickness elastic constants as well as in-plane elastic constants from modal vibration response data. The effects of transverse shear were studied over the range of practical plate aspect ratios (length to thickness ratios) and mode numbers. Behavior of composite plates ranging from isotropic to highly orthotropic was studied in order to investigate the effects of transverse shear. Orthotropic plates having in-plane dimensions of 254 x 254 mm and thicknesses varying from 10 mm to 80 mm, with free-free edge boundary conditions, were considered. A methodology ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monte Carlo calculations performed to validate observed capture reaction rates of "1"2"9I and "2"3"7Np were in a reasonable agreement with experimental data obtained by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. The most significant discrepancy between the measurements and calculations (within a factor of 3) was observed for the NpO_2 sample and Pb target at 3.7 GeV proton energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The structural ordering of oxygen deficient and Co-doped YBCO (YBa_2Cu_3_-_yCo_yO_6_+_x) have been studied experimentally, and by computer simulations of the oxygen ordering in the basal plane of the structure. The calculations are based on the two-dimensional ASYNNNI model and its modifications. Good agreement is established between the ASYNNNI calculations and the experimentally observed structural properties of the double cell ortho-II structure and the oxygen disordering process from Co-doping into the basal plane. A model that relates the superconducting transition temperature T_c(x) of undoped YBCO and T_c(y) of Co-doped YBCO to the formation of specific domains of the two orthorhombic ordered oxygen phases, ortho-I and ortho-II, shows a close agreement with experimental T_c(x) and T_c(y) data of samples prepared under equilibrium conditions. The structural changes as a result of metal ion ...

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The rare-earth based nickelates RNiO{sub 3} (R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Pr{sub 1-x}La{sub x}, 0{<=}x{<=}0.7) were studied by inelastic neutron scattering. Energy splittings due to the crystalline-electric-field (CEF) interaction at the R{sup 3+} site within the electronic ground-state J multiplet (for R = Pr, Nd, and Pr{sub 1-x}La{sub x}) as well as within the two lowest-lying J multiplets (for R = Sm and Eu) were directly observed, and the corresponding CEF energy-level schemes were reconstructed. The latter were rationalized in terms of CEF parameters, which vary smoothly over the rare-earth series and give magnetic properties associated with the R sublattice in agreement with results from neutron powder diffraction experiments. Across the metal-insulator transition, a continuous change in the electronic part of the CEF parameters is observed. However, an attempt to quantify a charge ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The rare-earth based nickelates RNiO_3 (R=Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Pr_1_-_xLa_x, 0#<=#x#<=#0.7) were studied by inelastic neutron scattering. Energy splittings due to the crystalline-electric-field (CEF) interaction at the R"3"+ site within the electronic ground-state J multiplet (for R=Pr, Nd, and Pr_1_-_xLa_x) as well as within the two lowest-lying J multiplets (for R=Sm and Eu) were directly observed, and the corresponding CEF energy-level schemes were reconstructed. The latter were rationalized in terms of CEF parameters, which vary smoothly over the rare-earth series and give magnetic properties associated with the R sublattice in agreement with results from neutron powder diffraction experiments. Across the metal-insulator transition, a continuous change in the electronic part of the CEF parameters is observed. However, an attempt to quantify a charge transfer from the ...

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This study presents three-dimensional simulation results of multispecies and multi-reaction electrorefining for spent nuclear waste treatment. Fluid-dynamic behavior of electrorefining is analyzed by commercial computational fluid-dynamics code. The results of local fluid dynamics are coupled with one-dimensional electrochemical reaction analysis code in order to predict local current density distribution. The new approach shows current distribution patterns over the cathode surface in LiCl-KCl molten-salt electrolyte. The current density distribution patterns are analyzed for various electrode rotational speeds and diverse applied currents and the results show a good agreement with general principle of mass transfer observations. Spatially periodic and vertically striped pattern of current density is predicted at the cathode side due to mass transfer depression at separation points. These slow mass transfer regions are ...

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The results of the laboratory studies performed by CIEMAT with the FEBEX bentonite in the context of WP3.2 of the NF-PRO Project and of the Agreement ENRESA-CIEMAT Anexo V are presented and analysed in this report. They refer to the effect of the hydraulic gradient on the permeability of bentonite, the effect of the thermal gradient on the hydration kinetics of bentonite, and the repercussion of temperature on the hydro-mechanical properties of bentonite (swelling, permeability and water retention capacity). In all the cases the bentonite has been used compacted to densities expected in the engineered barrier of a high-level radioactive waste repository. The existence of threshold and critical hydraulic gradients has been observed, both of them dependent on bentonite density and water pressures. After more than seven years of hydration, the 40-cm high bentonite columns are far from full saturation, the thermal gradient ...

CERN Document Server

Motivated by recent experiments on KIF1A, a representative member of single-headed kinesin motor proteins family, we develop a theoretical model of intra-cellular transport by mutually interacting molecular motors. The model explicitly accounts not only for the hydrolysis of ATP, but also for the ratchet mechanism which is believed to drive each individual KIF1A motor. We study the model by a combination of analytical and numerical techniques. A remarkable feature of this model is that all the parameters in it can be completely evaluated from experimental data. Our results in the dilute limit are in excellent quantitative agreement with the empirical data from single molecule experiments. In the high density regime the predictions of the model also agree qualitatively with the corresponding experimental observations. We derive a phase diagram that shows the influence of hydrolysis and Langmuir kinetics on the collective ...

CERN Document Server

Using electron spin resonance, lattice position and dynamic properties of Mn2+ ions were studied in 0.5 and 2 % manganese doped SrTiO3 ceramics prepared by conventional mixed oxide method. The measurements showed that Mn2+ ions substitute preferably up to 97 % for Sr if the ceramics is prepared with a deficit of Sr ions. Motional narrowing of the Mn2+ ESR spectrum was observed when temperature increases from 120 K to 240-250 K that was explained as a manifestation of off-center position of this ion at the Sr site. From the analysis of the ESR spectra the activation energy Ea = 86 mV and frequency factor 1/?0 ? (2-10)x10^(-14) 1/s for jumping of the impurity between symmetrical off-center positions were determined. Both values are in agreement with those derived previously from dielectric relaxation. This proves the origin of dielectric anomalies in SrTiO3:Mn as those produced by the reorientation dynamics of Mn2+ dipoles.

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Eu 4f electronic structures of a temperature-induced valence transition system EuPd{sub 2}Si{sub 2} have been investigated by bulk-sensitive high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy at temperatures from 20 to 300 K. The bulk Eu{sup 2+} 4f component is definitely distinguished from two surface Eu{sup 2+} 4f components. The changes in the spectral intensity of the bulk Eu{sup 2+} and Eu{sup 3+} 4f configurations and in the energy separation between these states are observed in the temperature dependent photoemission spectra. These temperature dependences are related to the valence transition of EuPd{sub 2}Si{sub 2}. The Eu mean valence is evaluated to be 2.75{+-}0.03 at 20 K and 2.30{+-}0.05 at 300 K. These values are in good agreement with those evaluated from Moessbauer and Eu L{sub III}-edge X-ray absorption measurements.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe widespread use of nutritional supplements among athletes is poorly understood. The prevalence of supplement intake and users' knowledge have been researched independently...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We study the dynamical evolution of globular clusters containing primordial binaries, including full single and binary stellar evolution using our Monte Carlo cluster evolution code updated with an adaptation of the single and binary stellar evolution codes SSE and BSE from Hurley et al. We describe the modifications that we have made to the code. We present several test calculations and comparisons with existing studies to illustrate the validity of the code. We show that our code finds very good agreement with direct N-body simulations including primordial binaries and stellar evolution. We find significant differences in the evolution of the global properties of the simulated clusters using stellar evolution compared with simulations without any stellar evolution. In particular, we find that the mass loss from the stellar evolution acts as a significant energy production channel simply by reducing the total gravitational ...

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The transport of Rn through activated charcoal was modelled for a charcoal canister used for surface emanation measurements. Derived Rn concentration distributions in full and half charcoal charges were compared with measured Rn profiles. The distributions were also compared with an empirical expression for the measured profiles. Close agreement was observed between the measured, empirically generated and derived profiles. The influence of temperature and humidity on Rn accumulation and transport is also discussed.

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The data taken at the Tevatron experiments have been analyzed to search for Higgs bosons. For the Standard Model Higgs searches, no excess is observed, the data are in good agreement with the expectations, so that limits are set on the production rates. For various theoretical models beyond the Standard Model, there is no excess either, which allows to derive constraints in their respective parameter spaces.

CERN Document Server

The next decade promises an observational revolution which will change cosmology forever. The precise measurement of the angular anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background should specify to a few percent all of the parameters of the cosmological model which effect astrophysics. The growth of structure will then be determined (but not yet observed) until gravitational collapse becomes highly non-linear and stars, galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN) form. These processes are hard to model with basic physics because they are complex and allow a rich variety of expression. Instead observations will determine when the first stars and quasars formed, and how and when galaxies assembled. If we can reconcile the numerous contradictions which characterize the subject today, cosmology will become a mature subject, founded on the agreement between detailed, inclusive and realistic models, which make ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The permeation of hydrogen through steam generator tubes at high temperatures ({approx} 300 degrees C) has been studied using an electrochemical technique. With this technique, hydrogen is generated on one side of the tube and monitored on the other side. The time for the hydrogen to reach the other side is used to determine the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in the tube. Boundary conditions at the entry and exit sides have been investigated separately. Preliminary studies were performed on Stainless Steel 316 and Nickel Alloy 800 to better understand the influence of the solution chemistry on the electrochemical evolution of hydrogen. The surface phenomena effect and the trapping effect are discussed to account for differences observed in the permeation response. The hydrogen permeation through oxides at the exit side has been studied. Two nickel alloys (Alloy 800 and Alloy 600), materials widely ...

Science.gov (United States)

... AT THE INTERFACE, A THIN OXIDE LAYER IS OBSERVED ALONG WITH POSSIBLE PALLADIUM SILICIDES. PALLADIUM ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This thesis presents the study of the slowing down process of fast heavy ions inside matter. In the framework of this research, the influence of the target density on the stopping process is investigated. Experiments on the interaction of {sup 48}Ca{sup 6+}-{sup 48}Ca{sup 10+} and {sup 26}Mg{sup 5+} ion beams with initial energies of 11.4 MeV/u and 5.9 MeV/u with solid and gaseous targets have been carried out. A novel diagnostic method, X-ray spectroscopy of K-shell projectile radiation, is used to determine the ion charge state in relation to its velocity during the penetration of fast heavy ions inside the stopping material. A spatially resolved analysis of the projectile and target radiation in solids is achieved for the first time. The application of low-density silica aerogels as stopping media provided a stretching of the ion stopping length by 20 - 100 times in comparison with solid quartz. The Doppler Effect observed on the projectile ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: In this paper, we present an alternative to the originally proposed technique for the delivery of spatially fractionated radiation therapy (GRID) using multi-leaf collimator (MLC) shaped fields. We employ the MLC to deliver various pattern GRID treatments to large solid tumors and dosimetrically characterize the GRID fields. Methods and materials: The GRID fields were created with different open to blocked area ratios and with variable separation between the openings using a MLC. GRID designs were introduced into the Pinnacle"3 treatment planning system, and the dose was calculated in a water phantom. Ionization chamber and film measurements using both Kodak EDR2 and Gafchromic EBT film were performed in a SolidWater phantom to determine the relative output of each GRID design as well as its spatial dosimetric characteristics. Results: Agreement within 5.0% was observed between the Pinnacle"3 predicted dose distributions and the ...

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The ground state masses of thirty-nine neutron-rich nuclei from [sup 51]Ca to [sup 72]Ni have been measured using the Time-of-Flight Isochronous (TOFI) spectrometer. Eight of these masses have been measured for the first time and thirty-one are remeasurements of neutron-rich nuclei previously reported. Good agreement between these results and a previous TOFI experiment was observed except for the most neutron-rich isotopes of vanadium through iron with the present results being more bound and in better agreement with theory. The low binding energy of [sup 68]Ni, as indicated by an unreasonably low two-neutron separation energy, suggests the presence of a high-lying, long-lived isomeric state in this nucleus. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The results of experiments with a short period (9.6 mm) wiggler sheet electron beam (1.0 mm x 2.0 cm) millimeter-wave free electron laser (FEL) amplifier are presented. This FEL amplifier utilized a strong wiggler field for sheet beam confinement in the narrow beam dimension and an offset-pole side-focusing technique for the wide dimension beam confinement. The beam analysis herein includes finite emittance and space-charge effects. High-current beam propagation was achieved as a result of extensive analytical studies and experimental optimization. A design optimization resulted in a low sensitivity to structure errors and beam velocity spread, as well as a low required beam energy. A maximum gain of 24 dB was achieved with a 1-kW injected signal power at 86 GHz, a 450-kV beam voltage, 17-A beam current, 3.8-kG wiggler magnetic field, and a 74-period wiggler length. The maximum gain with a one-watt injected millimeter-wave power was observed to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A previous study described the basic theoretical expectations of the magnetic dipole radiation and unipolar induction of pulsars and presented observational results. This paper further discusses the difference between the two braking mechanisms and analyses the results of a statistical study through observed data of apparent beamwidth's distributions and a geometrical method. The theory of magnetic dipole radiation of pulsars agrees with the observations. Unipolar induction as a braking mechanism is not consistent with the observations.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Complete text of publication follows. Paleomagnetic study in southern Tibet and the Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) was twofold: (1) the recognition of vertical and horizontal block rotations and (2) the examination of the high grade metamorphic rocks (gneisses) from the HHC for their suitability for paleomagnetic investigations. Toward the separation of local and regional tectonic effects, the results from southern Tibet reflect a regional trend in agreement with oroclinal bending and rotational under-thrusting. On the other hand, measured 'anomalous inclinations' are interpreted as a consequence of extensional tectonic, and the circular distribution of magnetic remanences is attributed to long wavelength folding within the study area as well as doming in the crust. The examination of the high grade metamorphic rocks was successful: The high quota of isolated stable and well grouping secondary magnetic remanences, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Incorporation of tritium into body constituent molecules from tritiated water and its in vivo behaviors were studies using rats. In single administration of HTO, "3H behaviors were studied in lipids that are rich in hydrogen. Incorporation of "3H into the lipid fraction from HTO and its release differed by each organ and by the type of lipid components. Of routes of administration, the oral and parenteral routes showed same results, and no prominent difference was noted by inhalation. By consecutive administration, the urine "3H concentration showed no difference according to the route, but increased as the concentration of administered HTO increased. When administration was discontinued after the urine "3H concentration reached a plateau, the biological half-life was about 4.5 days, almost in agreement with the value by single administration. In relation to water intake, increase in the urine volume and accompanying ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Numerical models based on finite-difference or finite-element methods are used by various research groups in studies of radon-222 transport through soil and building materials. Applications range from design of radon remediation systems to more fundamental studies of radon transport. To ascertain that results obtained with these models are of good quality, it is necessary that such models are tested. This document reports on a benchmark test organized by the EU project ERRICCA: European Research into Radon in Construction Concerted Action. The test comprises the following cases: 1) Steady-state diffusive radon profiles in dry and wet soils, 2) steady-state entry of soil gas and radon into a house, 3) time-dependent radon exhalation from a building-material sample. These cases cover features such as: soil heterogeneity, anisotropy, 3D-effects, time dependency, combined advective and diffusive transport of radon, flux calculations, and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There is a crescent interest in the scientific community in the study of natural circulation phenomenon. New generation of compact nuclear reactors uses the natural circulation of the fluid as a system of cooling and of residual heat removal in case of accident or shutdown. The objective of this paper is to present a study through the comparison of experimental data and numerical simulation for the natural circulation phenomenon in one and two-phase flow regime. An experimental circuit built with glass tubes is used for the experiments. Thus, it allows the thermal hydraulic phenomena visualization. There is an electric heater as the heat source, a heat exchanger as the heat sink and an expansion tank to accommodate fluid density excursions. The circuit instrumentation consists of thermocouples and pressure meters to better keep track of the flow and heat transfer phenomena. Instrumentation data acquisition is performed through a computer ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Lack of understanding about workflow can impair health IT system adoption. Observational techniques can provide valuable information about clinical workflow. A pilot study using direct observation was...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the five plus years this Cooperative Agreement existed, more than 45 different projects were funded. Most projects were funded for a one year period but there were some, deemed of such quality and importance, funded for multiple years. Approximately 22 external agencies, businesses, and other entities have cooperated with or been funded through the WVU Cooperative Agreement over the five plus years. These external entities received 33% of the funding by this Agreement. The scope of this Agreement encompassed all forms of hazardous waste remediation including radioactive, organic, and inorganic contaminants. All matrices were of interest; generally soil, water, and contaminated structures. Economic, health, and regulatory aspects of technologies were also within the scope of the agreement. The highest priority was given to small businesses funded by the Federal Energy ...

Science.gov (United States)

Semi-inclusive pi+ electroproduction on protons has been measured with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. The measurement was performed on a liquid-hydrogen target using a 5.75 GeV electron beam. The complete five-fold differential cross sections were measured over a wide kinematic range in Q2, x, z, and pT and over the complete range of azimuthal angles, phi, enabling us to separate the different structure functions, H2+eps*H1, H3 and H4. Our measurements of H2 at low-x were found to be in fairly good agreement with pQCD calculations, suggesting a precocious factorization of the process. Indeed, the conventional f(x)*D(z) term can account for almost all of the observed cross section, even at small z. The measured xF-distributions are in qualitative agreement with high energy data, which suggests a surprising numerical similarity between the spectator diquark fragmentation in the present reaction and the anti-quark ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hitherto in this laboratory, ionization coefficients alpha and attachment coefficients #eta# have been determined from Townsend's discharge experiments by a curve-fitting method. However, the method proved to be laborious, Formulae have been derived in this paper to give value of alpha and #eta# as a function of Isubo, Isub1 and Isub2 where Isubo is the photoelectric current at a gap setting d and Isub2 the current at another gap setting 2 d. The values of alpha and #eta# obtained give currents in agreement to within 3% in the best cases with the observed currents.

Science.gov (United States)

Ab initio lattice dynamics based on linear response method are performed for high pressure phase of yttrium to describe electron-phonon coupling and subsequent superconducting behavior. The critical temperature Tc in fcc-Y increases monotonically with pressure up to 9.25 K at 31 GPa, which is quantitatively in excellent agreement with two quasihydrostatic experiments and is qualitatively compatible with recent experiments. The excellent agreement with experiments gives us a better understanding of the effective pseudopotential ?* as well as spectral function ?2(?)F(?) in yttrium. These results demonstrate that there exists strong electron-phonon coupling in Y within the studied pressure regime, and for lower pressure electron correlation becomes stronger. Generally, it is found that superconductivity in yttrium under pressure can be described quantitatively within standard theory of phonon-mediated superconductivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Polycrystalline powders of Na{sub 2x}Mn{sub 1-x}PS{sub 3} have been synthesized from layered MnPS{sub 3} material by successive ion-exchange intercalation of potassium and sodium ions. Their x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray excited Auger spectroscopy spectra have been measured at room temperature using Mg K{alpha} (1253.6 eV) x-ray source. In particular, the Mn, P, and S 2p and Na 1s and 2p core-level regions and the Na Auger KL{sub 23}L{sub 23} transition have been investigated. All the analyzed XPS core-level spectra display a single-peak structure, suggesting the absence of nonequivalent atoms of Na, Mn, P, and S. The manganese XPS spectrum shows, as observed in MnPS{sub 3} and in its cesium and potassium intercalation compounds, typical shake-up satellites, suggesting that the Mn-S bond is yet mainly ionic in nature. The comparison with the XPS spectra relative to MnPS{sub 3} and its potassium intercalation compound (K{sub 2x}Mn{sub 1-x}PS{sub ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The electronic structure and properties of the cubic Laves phase (C15) compounds ZrZn_2 and ZrV_2 have been determined using our all-electron full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method for bulk solids. The computations were performed in two stages: (i) self-consistent warped muffin tin and (ii) self-consistent full potential. Spin-orbit coupling was included after either stage. The effects of the inclusion of the nonspherical terms inside the muffin tins on the eigenvalues is found to be small (of order 1 mRy). However, due to the fact that some of the bands near the Fermi level are flat, this effect leads to a much higher value of the density of states at E/sub F/ in ZnZr_2. The most important difference between the materials ZrZn_2 and ZrV_2 is the position of the d bands derived from the Zr and V atoms. Consequently, these materials have completely different Fermi surfaces. We have investigated the magnetic properties of these compounds by evaluating their ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coilguns have demonstrated their capability to launch projectiles to 1 km/s, and there is interest in their application for long-range precision strike weapons. However, the incorporation of cooling systems for repetitive operation will impact the mechanical design and response of the future coils. To assess the impact of such changes, an evaluation of the ruggedness and reliability of the existing 50 mm bore coil designed in 1993 was made by repeatedly testing at stress levels associated with operation in a coilgun. A two-coil testbed has been built with a static projectile where each coil is energized by its own capacitor bank. Simulation models of the applied forces generated in this testbed have been created with the SLINGSHOT circuit code to obtain loads equivalent to the worst-case anticipated in a 50 mm coilgun that could launch a 236 g projectile to 2 km/s. Bench measurements of the seven remaining coils built in 1993 have been used to evaluate which coils were viable for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to illustrate morphological features and variations of temperature in the upper thermosphere, we performed numerical simulations with a whole atmosphere general circulation model (GCM) for the solar minimum and geomagnetically quiet conditions in March, June, September, and December. In previous GCMs, tidal effects were imposed at the lower boundaries assuming dominant diurnal and semi-diurnal tidal modes. Since the GCM used in the present study covers all the atmospheric regions, the atmospheric tides with various modes are generated within the GCM. The global temperature distributions obtained from the GCM are in agreement with ones obtained from NRLMSISE-00. In addition, the GCM also represents localised temperature structures which are superimposed on the global day-night distributions. These localised structures, which vary from hour to hour, would be observed as variations with periods of about 2-3 h at a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The space environment consists of a varying field of radiation particles including high-energy ions, with spacecraft shielding material providing the only major protection to astronauts from harmful exposure. Unlike low-linear energy transfer (LET) {gamma} or X-rays, the presence of shielding does not always reduce the radiation risks for energetic charged particle exposure, since the dose delivered by the charged particle increases sharply as the particle approaches the end of its range, a position known as the Bragg peak. The Bragg curve does not necessarily represent the biological damage along the particle traversal, and the 'biological Bragg curve' is dependent on the energy and the type of the primary particle, and may vary for different biological endpoints. Here we used a unique irradiation geometry to measure the biological response across the Bragg curve in human fibroblasts exposed to 577MeV/nucleon incident Fe ions in vitro. Polyethylene shielding was used ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An experimental investigation on the air/water counter-current two-phase flow in a horizontal rectangular channel connected to an inclined riser has been conducted. This test-section representing a model of the hot leg of a pressurized water reactor is mounted between two separators in a pressurized experimental vessel. The cross-section and length of the horizontal part of the test-section are (0.25 m x 0.05 m) and 2.59 m, respectively, whereas the inclination angle of the riser is 50 deg. The flow was captured by a high-speed camera in the bended region of the hot leg, delivering a detailed view of the stratified interface as well as of dispersed structures like bubbles and droplets. Countercurrent flow limitation (CCFL), or the onset of flooding, was found by analyzing the water levels measured in the separators. The counter-current flow limitation is defined as the maximum air mass flow rate at which the discharged water mass flow rate is equal to the inlet water mass flow rate. ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In this observational study, we compared erythrocyte membrane fatty acids in infants consuming formula supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) with those consuming...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

SKB is currently performing site investigations at two potential sites for a final repository for spent nuclear fuel. This report presents results of water flow and solute transport modelling of the Forsmark site. The modelling reported in this document focused on the near-surface groundwater, i.e. groundwater in Quaternary deposits and shallow rock, and surface water systems, and was performed using the MIKE SHE tool. The most recent site data used in the modelling were delivered in the Forsmark 2.3 dataset, which had its 'data freeze' on March 31, 2007. The present modelling is performed in support of the final version of the Forsmark site description that is produced during the site investigation phase. In this work, the hydrological modelling system MIKE SHE has been used to describe near-surface groundwater flow and the contact between groundwater and surface water at the Forsmark site. The surface water system at Forsmark is described with the one-dimensional ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The nature of radicals in wood irradiated in vacuum was studied by ESR method. The decay rate of radicals changes in three temperature ranges. Long-lived radicals are very stable at 298"0K, at which the wood-plastics composite has often been studied. The number of radicals formed by irradiations shows fairly good agreement with the total number of radicals in each isolated wood component. The graft copolymerization of MMA to irradiated wood was also studied by means of ESR, and it was found that PMMA propagating radicals are formed in irradiated wood. These radicals are probably formed by the result of graft copolymerization of MMA of wood. (auth.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report de Haas--van Alphen measurements of the Fermi surface of lutetium at temperatures down to 0.3 K and in fields up to 150 kG in the (1010) and (1120) planes. Lutetium, having a filled 4f shell, serves as a nonmagnetic prototype of the structurally similar (hcp), trivalent, heavy rare-earth elements from Gd to Tm. The fact that no complete frequency branches were observed indicates that there are no closed pieces of the Fermi surface. We observed all but one orbit predicted by relativistic augmented-plane-wave calculations of Keeton and Loucks and by recent spin-orbit--linearized-augmented-plane-wave calculations of Tibbetts and Harmon. The data support a geometry similar to that of yttrium, and in good qualitative agreement with energy-band theory.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have fabricated nanometer-spaced electrodes on electron-transparent silicon nitride membranes. A thin Cr/Au layer is evaporated on the backside of the membrane which serves as a gate electrode. Using these devices, we have performed three-terminal electron transport measurements on gold nano-particles at liquid helium temperature. Coulomb Blockade features have been observed and the capacitance to the gate has been extracted. After transport measurements, the Cr/Au back gate is removed and the devices are inspected with a transmission-electron microscope (TEM). TEM inspection reveals the presence of a few nano-particles in the nanogap, which is in agreement with the transport measurements. In addition, the nano-particle size as observed by TEM coincides with the one estimated from the gate capacitance value.

CERN Document Server

Two-dimensional simulations of the coarsening process of the isotropic/smectic-A phase transition are presented using a high-order Landau-de Gennes type free energy model. Defect annihilation laws for smectic disclinations, elementary dislocations, and total dislocation content are determined. The computed evolution of the orientational correlation length and disclination density is found to be in agreement with previous experimental observations showing that disclination interactions dominate the coarsening process. The mechanism of smectic disclination movement, limited by the absorption and emission of elementary dislocations, is found to be facilitated by curvature walls connecting interacting disclinations. At intermediate times in the coarsening process, split-core dislocation formation and interactions displaying an effective disclination quadrupole configuration are observed. This work provides the framework for ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

BACKGROUND: Calibration by inverse modelling was performed with the MACRO transport and fate model using long-term (>10 years) drainflow and isoproturon (IPU) data from western France. Two lack-of-fit (LOF) indices were used to control the inverse modelling: sum of squares (SS) and an alternative statistic called the vertical-horizontal distance integrator (VHDI), which is designed to account for offsets in observed and predicted arrival times of peak IPU concentration. With these data, SS was artificially inflated because it is limited to comparison of predicted and observed IPU concentrations that are concurrent in time. The LOFs were used along with the index of agreement (d) and the correlation coefficient (r) to ascertain the fit of the calibrated models. RESULTS: Predicted arrival ti...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article describes in situ heating and observation of a LiNH{sub 2}-2LiH mixture in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The LiNH{sub 2}-2LiH mixture showed extensive morphological changes with heating and attendant hydrogen desorption. Static images and real-time movies were obtained during the dehydrogenation process. H{sub 2} evolution commences at {proportional_to}150 C (LiNH{sub 2} + 2LiH {yields} Li{sub 2}NH + H{sub 2} + LiH), and continues until {proportional_to}410 C. Dramatic morphological changes are observed at 220 and 410 C (Li{sub 2}NH + LiH {yields} Li{sub 3}N + H{sub 2}). The material converts to a microcrystalline phase at higher temperatures (>500 C). The observed H{sub 2} desorption and morphological changes occur at temperatures in good agreement with those measured by complementary analytical methods. This is the first time the major structural and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Multi-dimensional modelling of two-phase flow requires accurate constitutive relationships for interfacial parameters such as interfacial heat transfer, void fraction distribution, interfacial area, etc. However, existing diagnostic systems for measurement of two-phase flow parameters have difficulty measuring two or three-dimensional void distributions required for determination of interfacial parameters. In this work, a Real-Time Neutron Radiography (RTNR) system is developed for non-intrusive measurement of two-phase flow parameters in nuclear fuel channels at low thermal neutron fluxes (on the order of 10{sup 6}n/cm{sup 2}-s). This advanced radiation technique has the advantage of measuring two-phase flow in 3 1/2 dimensions (x,{integral}dy,t) where the 1/2 dimension refers to an integrated or averaged space dimension. Pipe flow channels, annulus flow channels, MAPLE-type nuclear fuel flow channels, and CANDU-type nuclear fuel flow channels are investigated. Measurements of flow ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundSeveral studies have suggested an association between periodontal disease and prematurity but this finding has not been consistently observed.MethodsCase...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Si L/sub 2/ /sub 3/VV Auger Lineshape for Pd/sub 4/Si was measured and found to be in good agreement with the self-fold of the Si partial density of states model calculated by Riley et al. Oxygen chemisorption altered both the Auger lineshape and the HeI photoemission spectrum, especially near the Fermi energy.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The radial distribution function and the second virial coefficient of interacting bosons have been studied. The second virial coefficient has been deduced theoretically and is in good agreement with experimental values. The third virial coefficient has been calculated from the experimental values of the pressure. (Auth.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The spontaneous evolution from ultracold Rydberg atoms to plasma is investigated in a caesium MOT by using the method of field ionization. The plasma transferred from atoms in different Rydberg states (n=22-32) are obtained experimentally. Dependence of the threshold time of evolving to plasma and the threshold number of initial Rydberg atoms on the principal quantum number of initial Rydberg states is studied. The experimental results are in agreement with hot-cold Rydberg-Rydberg atom collision ionization theory. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

With the help of the symmetry at the P point, we have determined the relations between the force constants and the moduli of elasticity for A-15 compounds. Based on these relations, a semi-experimental method for the study of the lattice dynamic behaviors of A-15 compounds is developed. Numerical calculations of the phonon spectrum of Nb/sub 3/Sn and its temperature dependence have been made, and they are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thermal striping is identified as one of the causes of thermal fatigue failure in nuclear power plants. Numerical studies of thermal striping require three-dimensional, unsteady turbulent modeling that resolves both large and small-scale turbulent motions. Benchmark studies were carried out using the LES turbulence model solved by the commercial CFD code FLUENT. Two types of mixing tee configurations were modeled to evaluate the performance of the CFD code. The simulation results presented in normalized average temperature and normalized fluctuating temperatures are in good agreement with measurements.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Excitation functions (EFs) for the reaction "1"4"1Pr(#alpha#, n)"1"4"4Pm and "1"4"1Pr(#alpha#, 2n)"1"4"3Pm have been measured using "1"4"1Pr as a target up to 50 MeV #alpha#-particle energy. Stacked foil activation technique and #gamma#-ray spectroscopy using 100 cm"3 Ge (Li) detector, has been used. Excitation functions are also calculated theoretically using Blann's geometry dependent hybrid (GDH) model code ALICE-91, with and without inclusion of pre-equilibrium particle emission. It has been observed that high-energy tails of the EFs are dominated by pre-equilibrium reaction mechanism. With the accepted set of input parameter, initial exciton number n_0=4 (2p + 2n + 0h), a good qualitative agreement is found. However, quantitative agreement for this magic nucleus"1"4"1Pr is also good when theoretical calculations are normalized by a multiple factor of 0.5. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inner ring structures are observed in about one quarter of all lenticular or spiral galaxies. Statistics of the relative frequencies of the pure ring (r) and broken ring (rs) varieties in the Second Reference Catalogue (RC2) among the different families (A, AB, B) of lenticular (L) and spiral (S) galaxies at different stages (T) along the revised Hubble sequence are presented; selection effects dependent on classification weight, apparent diameter and axis ratio are discussed. Comparisons of ring diameters D/sub r/ listed in the (First) Reference Catalogue (RC1) with independent measurements of 43 barred systems by Kormendy show good systematic agreement with a standard deviation sigma_1_2(D/sub r/) = 0'.10 and individual relative mean errors sigma(D/sub r/)/ < D/sub r/ > approx. = 5%. Axis ratios are also in good agreement with sigma_1_2(b/a) = 0.06. Comparisons of axis ratios of rings and parent galaxies show ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

During the 2007 Niigataken Chuetsu-oki earthquake, strong ground motion with the peak acceleration of 680 cm/s/s which was larger than that of the empirical prediction was recorded at the base mat of the No.1 reactor building of Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station (NPS). Furthermore, in the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa NPS, over twice difference of 680 vs. 322 cm/s/s of peak acceleration between the No.1 and the No.6 reactor buildings was observed on the base mat. From the results of recent research, it is suggested that the deep sedimentary layers can be one of the important factors to elucidate these phenomena. In this study, at first, the applicability of microtremor array measurements for estimation of deep S-wave velocity structure (#approx#Vs=3 km/s layer) are discussed. Vertical microtremors were observed in three arrays at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa NPS with the maximum station spacings of 3.04 km, 1.49 km and 0.75 km, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We apply our previously developed first-principles nonlocal pseudopotentials (obtained for all atoms of rows 1--5 in the Periodic Table) to study self-consistently the electronic structure of Si and Ge and the transition metals Mo and W. For Si and Ge we find that the first-principles pseudopotentials yield valence-band states in good agreement with the empirically adjusted pseudopotential and photoemission data, whereas the low conduction-band states appear to be consistently lower in energy due apparently to incomplete cancellation of the self-interaction effects. The calculated x-ray scattering factors (obtained by core orthogonalization of the pseudo-wave-functions) are in excellent agreement with experiment. The self-consistent valence charge density shows a distinct elongation of the covalent bond along the internuclear axis, in good agreement with the experimentally synthesized density. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present new results from BRAVA, a large-scale radial velocity survey of the Galactic bulge, using M giant stars selected from the Two Micron All Sky Survey catalog as targets for the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 4 m Hydra multi-object spectrograph. The purpose of this survey is to construct a new generation of self-consistent bar models that conform to these observations. We report the dynamics for fields at the edge of the Galactic bulge at latitudes b = -8 deg. and compare to the dynamics at b = -4 deg. We find that the rotation curve V(r) is the same at b = -8 deg. as at b = -4 deg. That is, the Galactic boxy bulge rotates cylindrically, as do boxy bulges of other galaxies. The summed line-of-sight velocity distribution at b = -8 deg. is Gaussian, and the binned longitude-velocity plot shows no evidence for either a (disk) population with cold dynamics or for a (classical bulge) population with hot dynamics. The observed ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Proton production in pA interactions in the kinematically forbidden region is studied using the intranuclear cascade model for the primary proton energies 7.5 and 8.9 GeV/c. The region of secondary-proton kinetic energies above 100 MeV, where the contribution from the post-cascade stages of the interaction is small, is studied. The calculated energy and angular spectra are in good agreement with the experimental ones. The mechanisms of multiple rescattering of particles on the nucleons of the nucleus and ..pi..-meson absorption on a two-nucleon flucton are analyzed. The kinematical ranges where these mechanisms operate are determined.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Band-structure studies of NbN and VN are reported. The results of angle-resolved photoemission experiments performed on NbN/sub 0.93/ and VN/sub 0.89/ are presented. The bulk-band structures calculated for stoichiometric NbN and VN using the linearized augmented-plane-wave method are presented and utilized in the interpretation of the experimental spectra. It is shown that most of the features in the spectra can be accounted for by direct bulk-band transitions. A fairly good agreement between experimental and calculated band locations and dispersions is obtained.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The RELAP5/MOD2 and MELCOR 1.8.1 codes have been used for simulate the PMK total loss of feedwater with secondary bleed and feed experiments done in a scale-model WWER-440 test facility. Nodalization studies and studies on several-core modelling options were also done. Good agreement was found between the calculations done by RELAP5/MOD2 and MELCOR 1.8.1 JY codes. (orig.) (5 refs., 31 figs.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new methodology for three-dimensional (3-D) numerical modeling of the continuous steel casting process is presented and evaluated. The results are compared with available experimental data obtained in a water-oil mold model for various flow rates and immersion depths of the submerged entry nozzle. The water-oil interface pattern at the top of the mold is also investigated. Wave formation and evolution in time is simulated with a volume tracking method. The predicted flow field inside the mold exhibits quite satisfactory agreement with the corresponding measurements, whereas some quantitative differences are observed referring to the final wave amplitude at low casting speeds. Conclusions of scientific and engineering importance concerning both the computer algorithm and the mold performance are also drawn.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis for nondestructive determination of Fe, Zn, Pb, and Br in air samples collected on nitrocellulose membrane filter Synpor 4 is described. A /sup 238/Pu source for the excitation and a semiconductor Si/Li detector for the detection of characteristic and L-fluorescent radiation of the above elements were used. A correction method based upon the measurements of simple or multiple Compton scattering for compensation of varying mass per unit area values in sample deposits was theoretically proposed and experimentally tested. The results obtained both with and without the correction were compared and good agreement with those given by atomic absorption spectrometry was observed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper reports measurements of absolute differential cross sections for electron capture and loss for fast hydrogen atoms incident on H_2, N_2, O_2, Ar, and He. Cross sections have been determined in the 2.0- to 5.0-keV energy range over the laboratory angular range 0.02 degree--2 degree, with an angular resolution of 0.02 degree. The high angular resolution allows us to observe structure at small angles in some of the cross sections. Comparison of the present results with those of other authors generally shows very good agreement.

Science.gov (United States)

Kidney Failure, Chronic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Observations concerned with the formation of isothermal #omega# in the beta-titanium alloy RMI (38-6-44) are presented as part of a more general study of the aging characteristics of the alloy.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The detailed electronic energy band structure of hexagonal close-packed #alpha#-zirconium, corresponding to the atomic configuration of 4d"25s"2 of its four outermost valence electrons, has been computed by the composite-wave variational version of the augmented-plane-wave(APW) method in conjunction with the X#alpha#(#alpha# = 0.70424) exchange approximation for obtaining the potentials. From these data the electronic density of states and its angular-momentum-decomposed components have been obtained by the Raubenheimer-Gilat method. These quantities are required in order to calculate the electron-phonon interaction parameter (lambda) and the superconducting transition temperature (Tsub(c)) within the framework of the theories of Gaspari and Gyorffy and McMillan. A study of the variation of Tsub(c) with the Coulomb pseudopotential (#mu#*) revealed that #mu#* = 0.1 yields the best agreement between theory and experiment for #alpha#-Zr. Also ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The epithermal cross section shielding methods used in the lattice physics code EPRI-CELL (E-C) have been extensively studied to determine its major approximations and to examine the sensitivity of computed results to these approximations. The study has resulted in several improvements in the original methodology. These include: treatment of the external moderator source with intermediate resonance (IR) theory, development of a new Dancoff factor expression to account for clad interactions, development of a new method for treating resonance interference, and application of a generalized least squares method to compute best-estimate values for the Bell factor and group-dependent IR parameters. The modified E-C code with its new ENDF/B-V cross section library is tested for several numerical benchmark problems. Integral parameters computed by EC are compared with those obtained with point-cross section Monte Carlo calculations, and E-C fine group ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The 1.04 GeV-proton elastic scattering from "4"0Ca is studied in the framework of the coherent density fluctuation model (CDFM). The calculations are carried out in the Glauber theoretical scheme with three different charge densities. It is shown that: i) the account of the flucton correlations leads to results considerably different from those obtained in the independent particle Glauber approach (IPGA); ii) in contrast to the case of IPGA the use of a more realistic density improves the agreement of CDPM-results with the experimental data. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Snapping or grating scapula is a condition of the shoulder girdle in which the patient complains of pain and an audible snapping sound which may be associated with pain. We evaluated the diagnostic value of the computed tomography (CT) scans using the clinical diagnosis of a grating scapula as the gold standard. This retrospective study reports the sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio and receiver operator characteristic curve for the CT scans and the k value as a measure of the interobserver agreement. None of the parameters validated the examination. We therefore concluded that CT scans are inappropriate for differentiation between a grating scapula and a normally functioning shoulder except in cases where bony abnormalities are present. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The luminescence spectra of trivalent europium ion embedded in various rare earth chromates were analysed. The spectroscopic data in most of chromates are in agreement with the structural determination but for some others the discrepancy between two methods is underlined. Energy level schemes were deducted from the experimental emission spectra and the crystal field simulation has been performed. The maximum splitting of the "7F_1 manifold of the Eu"3"+ ion as a function of N_v, the so-called crystal field strength parameter, is given. This allows us to classify the compounds according to their crystal field extent. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bulk properties such as the binding energies, r.m.s. radii and deformation parameters are calculated for the light (Z=2-8) even-mass nuclei using deformed relativistic mean-field theory. A comparison between L1, NL1 and NL2 parameter sets are given. The effects of pairing for open-shell nuclei have been investigated. The calculation is extended to nuclei near the proton- and neutron-drip line. Reasonable agreement with experiment is achieved for NL1 and NL2 parameter sets. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Relatively low molecular weights polyelectrolytes (10{sup 4}-10{sup 6}) behave as worm-like chain when electrostatic repulsions are assumed to govern the excluded volume parameter. Under such conditions, predictions of chain expansion and effect of polyelectrolyte concentrations are made assuming that unperturbed dimensions could be obtained at infinite salt content. Experimental studies of an ionic polysaccharide, namely the Na-hyaluronate, were done and the values obtained for the radius of gyration as well as the intrinsic viscosity at different charge densities are in good agreement with the predictions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A rigorous mathematical model is developed to describe chemical absorption of carbon dioxide in a falling-film micro-contactor. Contrary to previous models described in literature, hydrodynamics in both phases is accurately captured by the Navier-Stokes equations. By this means, backmixing effects can be accounted for. Furthermore, the interface position is determined directly using the level-set method. The developed model is validated with experimental data obtained from literature and a good agreement is established. With the validated model, detailed studies are performed to investigate the impact of process parameters.

CERN Document Server

First measurements of inclusive Z production cross sections in muon and electron decay channels at 7 TeV are presented for proton-proton collisions in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The comparison of the kinematic quantities as well as the studies of selection efficiencies demonstrate a good agreement between simulated events and current data. The measured inclusive cross section for Z($\\gamma^{*}$) production agrees with NNLO QCD cross section calculations and current parton distribution functions.

Science.gov (United States)

This study presents a theoretical analysis of heat generation and dissipation of field-controllable magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) shock absorbers. Since MRF dampers are energy- dissipating devices, the issues of heat generation and dissipation are important in predicting their performance. A theoretical model is developed based on Bingham plastic model to estimate temperature history of the MRF dampers. The governing equation includes the MRF viscosity as a function of the temperature. The numerical solutions are compared with experimental results in order to validate the accuracy of the model, and excellent agreements are obtained.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The formation of the ions charge and energy distributions of the ions slowed down or randomly changing their charge in the collisions with the medium particles are studied. The effect of the ions dispersion by the charge on the Bragg curve form is investigated. The proposed diffusion approximation for the heavy ions kinetic equation makes it possible to determine simply the parameters of the ions distribution by charge and energy on the whole way of the ions motion. The relation between the ions charge distribution characteristics and the cross sections of the ionization-recombination processes is indicated. The ions distributions, calculated in the proposed analytical model, are compared with the results of the numerical calculations. Good agreement between the analytical, numerical and experimental results is obtained

CERN Document Server

Individual laser cooled atoms are delivered on demand from a single atom magneto-optic trap to a high-finesse optical cavity using an atom conveyor. Strong coupling of the atom with the cavity field allows simultaneous cooling and detection of individual atoms for time scales exceeding 15 s. The single atom scatter rate is studied as a function of probe-cavity detuning and probe Rabi frequency, and the experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. We demonstrate the ability to manipulate the position of a single atom relative to the cavity mode with excellent control and reproducibility.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The performance of a solar chemical heat pipe was studied using CO{sub 2}reforming of methane as the endothermic reaction. A directly heated vertical reactor, packed with a rhodium catalyst was used. The solar tests were carried out in the Schaeffer solar furnace of the Weizmann Institute of Science. The power absorbed was up to 6.3 KW, the maximal flow rates of the gases reached 11,000 1/h, and the methane conversions reached 85%. A computer model was developed to simulate the process. Agreement of the calculations with the experimental results was quite satisfactory.

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The problem of pile groups subjected to lateral loads is of interest particularly in offshore and coastal regions. An understanding of pile-soil interaction is essential in designing such pile foundations. In this paper, a simplified finite element analysis in conjunction with Yegian and Wright approach has been presented to study the behavior of pile groups under lateral loads. The pile is treated as a shear beam and the soil media is assumed to be linear elastic. The results of the analysis are used to estimate: (1) Lateral Group Efficiency and (2) Extent of stress influence around the pile. The results obtained from the theoretical predictions are found to be reasonably in good agreement with the published literature.

CERN Document Server

We study luminosities of millisecond pulsars in globular clusters by fitting the observed luminosity distribution with single and double power laws. We use simulations to model the observed distribution as the brighter part of some parent distribution for Terzan 5 and try to find a model which simultaneously agrees with the observed diffuse radio flux, total predicted number of pulsars and observed luminosity distribution. We find that wide ranges of parameters for log-normal and power-law distributions give such good models. No clear difference between the luminosity distributions of millisecond pulsars in globular clusters and normal disk pulsars was seen.

CERN Document Server

We present a set of structural parameters for the central parts of 57 early-type galaxies observed with the Planetary Camera of the Hubble Space Telescope. These parameters are based on a new empirical law that successfully characterizes the centers of early type galaxies. This empirical law assumes that the surface brightness profile is a combination of two power laws with different slopes gamma and beta for the inner and outer regions. Conventional structural parameters such as core radius and central surface brightness are replaced by break radius r_b, where the transition between power-law slopes takes place, and surface brightness mu_b at that radius. An additional parameter alpha describes the sharpness of the break. The structural parameters are derived using a chi-squared minimization process applied to the mean surface brightness profiles. The resulting model profiles generally give very good agreement to the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new model for short-range isoscalar current in the deuteron and NN system is developed and tested on a variety of isoscalar magnetic observables such as the deuteron magnetic moment, magnetic form factor, and the circular polarization of photons at n"#->#p radiative capture at thermal neutron energies. The model for electromagnetic two-nucleon current proposed in the paper is based on generation of an intermediate dibaryon in the short-range NN interaction. This intermediate dibaryon, in turn, is treated within the new model for intermediate and short-range NN interaction recently proposed by the present authors. The transition current model developed here satisfies the current conservation relation by the construction. Our calculations have demonstrated that the new current model, using only one parameter (with a clear physical meaning), is able to describe, in very good agreement with the experimental data, three basic deuteron ...

Science.gov (United States)

The major purpose of the work described in this report was to use diffusion modeling techniques to calculate the impact on ambient air quality of SO2 emissions from the ASARCO copper smelter in Tacoma, Washington for the existing smelter configuration (51-percent constant emissions control) and for 20 alternative smelter configurations with varying degrees of constant emissions control. The accuracy of the modeling techniques was established by the close correspondence obtained between calculated and observed short-term ground-level SO2 concentrations for 20 selected historical cases, when high hourly SO2 concentrations were measured in the area surrounding the smelter, as well as by the close agreement between calculated and observed annual average concentrations for 1972. The results of the model calculations show that the maximum allowable constant SO2 emission rate consistent with maintaining the Washington Department ...

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The radiative heat loss from a surface is determined by its total hemispherical emittance, which consequently plays an important role in aerospace and solar applications. This study compares emittances measured calorimetrically with values derived from near normal incidence spectral reflectance measurements. This optical derivation is based on a number of assumptions which limit the accuracy if not sufficiency fulfilled. These assumptions include sample specularity, a straybody character beyond the range of measurement, only small variations of emittance with temperature, and a perfectly smooth sample surface. The comparison of calorimetrically and optically derived emittance performed in this study not only quantifies the errors introduced by insufficient fulfillment of the assumptions but also identifies which assumption causes the dominant error. The calorimetric emissometer, constructed for this study and based on a ...

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This paper investigates the phase change behavior of 65 mol% capric acid and 35 mol% lauric acid, calcium chloride hexahydrate, n-octadecane, n-hexadecane, and n-eicosane inside spherical enclosures to identify a suitable heat storage material. Analytical models are developed for solidification and melting of sphere with conduction, natural convection, and heat generation. Both the models are validated with previous experimental studies. Good agreement was found between the analytical predictions and experimental study and the deviations were lesser than 20%. Heat flux release at the wall, cumulative energy release to the external fluid, are revealed for the best PCM. The influence of the size of encapsulation, initial temperature of the PCM, the external fluid temperature on solidified and molten mass fraction, and the total phase change time are also investigated. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Low power rf measurements, S11, of electro-discharge machined (EDM) diffusion bonded mm-wave traveling wave rf cavities were not in satisfactory agreement with electromagnetic simulations. During subsequent mechanical inspection, the cell-to-cell iris were found to be distorted. This led to a series of systematic experiments to study the mechanical properties of oxygen free high conductivity Copper (OFHC) and Glidcop AL-15. Results of these studies which include cell-to-cell iris distortion, EDM machining accuracies, surface quality, and the results of different bonding techniques are presented. The results of our mechanical studies are used to develop a set of mechanical design constraints for a second series of constant impedance W-Band structures that also used wire EDM and high temperature bonding for their manufacture.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The heating of water layer using microwave oven with a rectangular waveguide has been studied both numerically and experimentally. The mathematical model is validated with the experimental data. The transient Maxwell's equations are solved by using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method to describe the electromagnetic field inside the waveguide and sample. The temperature profile and velocity field within sample are determined by the solutions of the momentum, energy and Maxwell's equations. In this study, the effects of physical parameters, e.g. microwave power level, placement of sample inside the waveguide, volume of sample, are studied. The distribution of electric field, temperature profile and velocity field are presented in details. The results show good agreement between s...

Science.gov (United States)

Little change was observed in primates fed 75 mg/kg adenine over the four-week period. Minimal tissue pathology was encountered upon completion of the study. In contrast to earlier studies in which oral feeding of adenine to dogs caused severe symptoms, a...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

IntroductionTransfusion is a common treatment in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Studies in adults suggest that prolonged storage of red blood cell units is associated with...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report a detailed augmented-plane-wave energy-band study and wave-function analysis of stoichiometric PdH which shows that, even though the Fermi surface of PdH is qualitatively similar to that of silver, the simple ''proton model'' is not valid. Instead, the screening of the proton in PdH is found to be larger than in an isolated H atom due, in part, to the formation of a H-Pd bonding band below the bottom of the d-band complex. This result, which is in qualitative agreement with Switendick's earlier calculation, is confirmed by ultraviolet photoemission experiments. A partial density-of-states (DOS) analysis in the energy range spanned by the six valence and conduction bands reveals the quantitative details of the bonding mechanism between the Pd and H constituents. At the Fermi energy, the high Pd d to H s DOS ratio approx. 10.3 is found to be far higher than expected in silver, despite the fact that the Fermi-surface geometry is similar. ...

Science.gov (United States)

developed for our government and industrial robots were used by .... UUV capabilities, into a product. The licensing agreement and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A thermohydraulic study of MTR fuel element is presented as a basic requirement for the development of an irradiation facility for testing fuel elements. A computer code named 'Thermo' has been developed for this purpose, which can stimulate different working conditions, such as, cooling, power elements and neutron flux, performing all pertinent thermohydraulic calculations. Thermocouples were used to measure the temperature gradients of the cooling fluid throughout the IEAR-1 reactor core. All experimental data are in good agreement with the theoretical model applied in this work. Finally, a draft of the proposed facility and its safety system is presented. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

All stable even-A molybdenum isotopes and sup(90,92)Zr have been investigated with the (d, "6Li) reaction at Esub(d) = 45 MeV to study proton- and neutron-pair correlations. Differential cross sections were measured for states up to Esub(x) = 3 MeV in "8"6Sr, sup(88,92,94,96)Zr and up to 6 MeV in "8"8Sr and "9"0Zr. Particular attention was paid to the comparison of #alpha#-pickup data with two-nucleon pickup data. The population of low-lying 0"+ and 5"- states for two-neutron and four-nucleon pickup reactions was calculated using simple phenomenological wave functions for the initial and final states. The results of these calculations are in satisfactory agreement with the data. (orig.).

CERN Document Server

The radiative electroweak symmetry breaking, the b-\\tau Yukawa and gauge couplings unification in the MSSM and its SU(5) extensions are studied in detail. In the framework of the two-loop renormalization group equations both low- and high-energy threshold effects are included. In the case of the minimal SU(5), the values of \\alpha_s obtained are somewhat larger than the experimental average. The Peccei-Quinn version of the missing-doublet SU(5) model generally predicts smaller values of \\alpha_s and b-\\tau unification, in excellent agreement with all low energy experimental data. We also study the generation of the GUT scale through radiative corrections in the context of an R-symmetric ``flipped" SU(5) x U(1)_X model and we find that this is possible in a certain range of values of the parameter space.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study aimed to explore the impact of perceived service quality and self-concept on consumer attitude and purchase process using channel type (physical and Internet) as a segmentation variable. From the perspective of consumer behaviour, this study attempted to estimate a relational model and perform an empirical validation using female cosmetics and skincare products as an example. It was discovered that the influence of perceived service quality and self-concept on consumer attitude, purchase intention and behaviour, satisfaction, and loyalty varied with channel type. The analysis result revealed that physical stores presented higher levels of agreement with all research perspectives than Internet stores. However, only two relational paths have a higher influencing effect in physical...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to get the separation of natural isotopes of lithium by electrolytic amalgamation, an electrolytic cell with a confined mercury cathode was used to obtain data for the design of a separation stage. The initial work was followed by the design of a moving mercury cathode electrolytic cell and three experiments with six batches stages were performed for the determination of the elementary separation factor. The value obtained, 1.053, was ill agreement: with the specialized literature. It was verified in all experiments that the lithium - 6 isotope concentrated in the amalgam phase and that the lithium - 7 isotope concentrated in the aqueous phase. A stainless-steel cathode for the decomposition of the lithium amalgam and the selective desamalgamation were also studied. In view of the results obtained, a five stages continuous scheme was proposed. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many oil-insulated electric power cables are limited by heat buildup caused in part by the low thermal conductivity of the oil. Circulation of the oil is known to reduce the cable temperature, but can lead to excessive pressure buildup on long cables when using conventional pumping methods. An alternate pumping method using distributed electric fields to avoid this pressure buildup is described. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pumping was studied both theoretically and experimentally for possible application in underground cable cooling. Theoretical studies included both analytical and finite-element analysis of the flow patterns driven by travelling electric fields. Experimentally, flow rates in a cable-pipe model were measured under a wide variety of operating conditions. Theory and experiment are in agreement for velocities below 10 cm/s, but higher velocities could not be reached in the experiment, due to increased ...

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The steps in assembling the computational tools needed to simulate the explosive fracture of oil shale have been described. The resulting code, with its input data, then was used to simulate 3 explosive field experiments. The results of the calculations are in good agreement with what actually occurred in the field. Further detailed comparisons are in progress for these experiments and the others that have been conducted. The development of computer codes as tools to predict rock breakage makes a variety of studies possible. The properties of the explosive can be changed to see how the extent of rubbling is affected. Studies of spacing and delays for decked charges also are possible. The codes can be applied in situations, such as confined-volume blasting, at the frontiers of blasting technology. These areas are vital to the effective utilization of oil shale resources, especially with in situ techniques. 13 references.

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This paper describes progress in several projects related to biomass power. These include switchgrass conversion development; switchgrass gasification development; production activities including soil studies, carbon studies, switchgrass production economics, watershed impacts, and prairie lands bio-products; information and education; and geographical information system. Attachments describe switchgrass co-firing test; switchgrass production in Iowa; cooperative agreements with ISU; Rathbun Lake watershed project; newspaper articles and information publications; Secretary of Agriculture Glickman`s visit; integration of technical aspects of switchgrass production in Iowa; and evaluation of an integrated biomass gasification/fuel cell power plant.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The reactions of the hydroxyl radical with hydrocarbons and fluoro hydrocarbons attract significant attention due to their importance in atmospheric chemistry. Its reactions with the two first hydrocarbons, methane and ethane are of special interest because, owing to the small size of these systems, they serve as a prototype for the theoretical studies of hydrogen abstraction reactions. In this work, the reaction and activation energies of the hydroxyl radical abstraction reaction with methane and ethane have been investigated by correlated ab initio and DFT methods. The DFT reaction energies are in good agreement with experimental values, but the activation energies may be in severe error. (authors) 22 refs.

CERN Document Server

The Ludwig-Soret effect, the migration of a species due to a temperature gradient, has been extensively studied without a complete picture of its cause emerging. Here we investigate the dynamics of DNA and spherical particles sub jected to a thermal gradient using a combination of Brownian dynamics and the lattice Boltzmann method. We observe that the DNA molecules will migrate to colder regions of the channel, an observation also made in the experiments of Duhr, et al[1]. In fact, the thermal diffusion coefficient found agrees quantitatively with the experimental value. We also observe that the thermal diffusion coefficient decreases as the radius of the studied spherical particles increases. Furthermore, we observe that the thermal fluctuations-fluid momentum flux coupling induces a gradient in the stress which leads to thermal migration in both systems.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Objective: To determine the reproductibility of three-dimensional volume and thickness measurements of the knee joint cartilage with MRI in volunteers. Methods: The knees of 7 healthy individuals (ages 23 to 58 yrs.) were sagitally imaged with a resolution of 2x0.31x0.31 mm{sup 3}, using a fat-suppressed FLASH-3 D sequence. The knee was repositioned in between replicate acquisitions, 6 data sets being obtained in each case. After semiautomatic segmentation and three-dimensional reconstruction of the cartilage, the thickness was determined independent of the original section orientation. The coefficient of variation for repeated volume measurements and the deviations of the maximal cartilage thickness values were calculated subsequently. Results: The mean variation of the cartilage volumes of the replicate measurements was 1.4% ({+-}0.8%) in the patella, 1.7% ({+-}1.5%) in the femur, 3.0% ({+-}1.2%) in the medial tibial plateau and 3.5% ({+-}2.0%) in the lateral tibial plateau. The ...

Science.gov (United States)

New sets of cross sections for the production of krypton isotopes from targets of Rb, Sr, Y, and Zr were constructed primarily on the bases of experimental excitation functions for Kr production from Y. These cross sections were used to calculate galactic-cosmic-ray and solar-proton production rates for Kr isotopes in the moon. Spallation Kr data obtained from ilmenite separates of rocks 10017 and 10047 are reported. Production rates and isotopic ratios for cosmogenic Kr observed in ten well-documented lunar samples and in ilmenite separates and bulk samples from several lunar rocks with long but unknown irradiation histories were compared with predicted rates and ratios. The agreements were generally quite good. Erosion of rock surfaces affected rates or ratios for only near-surface samples, where solar-proton production is important. There were considerable spreads in predicted-to-observed production rates of /sup 83/Kr, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A single-crystal x-ray study under pressure reveals a phase transition from an in-plane 2x2 commensurate potassium superstructure to a new ..sqrt..3x..sqrt..3 commensurate superstructure. This is the first such transition to be observed; it is related to the recently discovered staging transition of KC/sub 8/ under pressure. In addition this staging transition was observed to occur more slowly and at much lower pressures than in the reported neutron-scattering experiment on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite samples. 13 references, 2 figures.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper we studied the behavior of commercially pure niobium immersed in molten aluminum. The experiments were carried out 800 and 900 deg C during 2 to 128 hours. Chemical and metallographic analyses, as well as microhardness measurements of the niobium specimens were accomplished. An increase of niobium content in the aluminum bath with time was observed. Metallographic observations revealed the formation of Nb Al{sub 3} external intermetallic compound. During dissolution, fragments of this compound settled at the bottom of the crucible. This behaviour was also observed at 900 deg C, nevertheless with higher intensity. (author) 10 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As part of the 1999 NARSTO Northeast Oxidant and Particulate Study (NE-OPS) field campaign, the DOE G-1 aircraft sampled trace gases and aerosols in and around the Philadelphia metropolitan area. Twenty research flights were conducted between July 25 and August 11. The overall goals of these flights were to obtain a mechanistic understanding of O(sub 3) production; to characterize the spatial and temporal behavior of photo-oxidants and aerosols; and to study the evolution of aerosol size distributions, including the process of new particle formation. Within the NE-OPS program, other groups provided additional trace gas, aerosol, and meteorological observations using aircraft, balloon, remote sensing, and surface based instruments (Phillbrick et al., 2000). In this article we provide an overview of the G-1 observations related to O(sub 3) production, focusing on the vertical distribution of pollutants. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Surface-sensitive UV photoelectron yield spectroscopy was employed to study electron acceptor levels at surfaces of chalcopyrite structure Cu-In-Se thin films. Surface Fermi level pinning was observed for Cu-rich films. Shallow acceptor levels ascribable to defects Cu_I_n and V_C_u were observed for near-stoichiometric and In-rich films respectively. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The paper is concerned with the results of a morphological study following chemoradiotherapy in 25 patients with Ewing's sarcoma and 14 patients with reticulum cell carcoma. The signs of therapeutic pathomophosis were observed in the first 3 days, and substitution of the connective tissue for a necrotized tumor started by the 3rd-4th week after the initiation of therapy. In some cases tumor growth and recurrences at the site of a treated tumor were observed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors summarize EUVE's contribution to the study of the boundary layer emission of high accretion-rate nonmagnetic cataclysmic variables, especially the dwarf novae SS Cyg, U Gem, VW Hyi, and OY Car in outburst. They discuss the optical and EUV light curves of dwarf nova outbursts, the quasi-coherent oscillations of the EUV flux of SS Cyg, the EUV spectra of dwarf novae, and the future of EUV observations of cataclysmic variables.

CERN Document Server

We present an alternative, Bayesian method for large-scale reconstruction from observed peculiar velocity data. The method stresses a rigorous treatment of the random errors and it allows extrapolation into poorly sampled regions in real space or in k-space. A likelihood analysis is used to determine the fluctuation power spectrum, followed by a Wiener Filter (WF) analysis to obtain the minimum-variance mean fields of velocity and mass density. Constrained Realizations (CR) are then used to sample the statistical scatter about the WF mean field. The WF/CR method is applied as a demonstration to the Mark III data with 1200 km/s, 900 km/s, and 500 km/s resolutions. The main reconstructed structures are consistent with those extracted by the POTENT method. A comparison with the structures in the distribution of IRAS 1.2Jy galaxies yields a general agreement. The reconstructed velocity field is decomposed into its divergent and tidal components ...

Science.gov (United States)

The DITE (Divertor Injection Tokamak Experiment) program has been undertaken to demonstrate the feasibility of impurity control by the use of a diverter in an injection-heated toroidal plasma configuration. Rather than behaving in accordance with neoclassical toroidal containment theory, the plasma is subject to various instabilities, particularly the resistive fluid MHD types, follows the empirical scaling of energy confinement time with plasma parameters observed in other plasma devices. DITE experiments have, however, extended the range of current and density. Impurities arising from plasma interactions with the vacuum vessel surface are controlled by the bundle divertor, which diverts a portion of plasma and power in the plasma scrape-off layer into a separate target chamber where impurities can be removed. Auxiliary plasma heating is provided by the injection of powerful beams of neutral hydrogen atoms produced by multi-aperture ion sources and hydrogen gas ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Experimental observations related to the initiation of plastic deformation in metals and alloys irradiated with fission neutrons have been analyzed. The experimental results, showing irradiation-induced increase in the upper yield stress followed by a yield drop and plastic instability, cannot be explained in terms of conventional dispersed-barrier hardening because (a) the grown-in dislocations are not free, and (b) irradiation-induced defect clusters are not rigid indestructible Orowan obstacles. A new model called 'cascade-induced source hardening' is presented where glissile loops produced directly in cascades are envisaged to decorate the grown-in dislocations so that they cannot act as dislocation sources. The upper yield stress is related to the breakaway stress which is necessary to pull the dislocation away from the clusters/loops decorating it. The magnitude of the breakaway stress has been estimated and is found to be in good ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vertical thin film evaporators have been used to concentrate and dry solutions because their rotating swing blades prevent scale from being deposited on the heated surfaces. Powdering capacity of the vertical thin film evaporator was examined experimentally for drying applications of radioactive liquid waste generated from nuclear power plants. As a result, it was found that the powdering capacity increased with the blade rotation, changing significantly in the low ratational region and scarcely in the high rotational region. The powdering capacity in the high rotational region was restricted by the lack of heat flux which was theoretically evaluated for the concentrating process. As the critical factor in the low rotational region was not clear, a visual test apparatus was made to observe flow patterns in the evaporator, and a powdering model was obtained. This model showed that powdering process was obstructed when the liquid film lost its fluidity at high ...

Science.gov (United States)

We analyze cross sections for quasielastic inclusive scattering of electrons on nuclei and show that the observed isolated peaks for relatively low Q{sup 2} are unique for the lightest targets. Focusing, in particular, on D and {sup 4}He, we investigate in two ways to what measure the above peaks can be allocated to nucleon-elastic processes. We first compute approximate upper limits for the nucleon-inelastic background in the quasielastic region due to inclusive {delta} excitation, and find those to be small. Far more precise is a semiphenomenological approach, where the dominance of nucleon-elastic processes is translated into a set of stringent requirements. We show that those are very well fulfilled for recent D data, and to a somewhat lesser extent for older D and {sup 4}He data. With knowledge of G{sub E,M}{sup p} and information on G{sub E}{sup n}, we then extract G{sub M}{sup n} and find agreement with values obtained by alternative ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monte-Carlo simulations of 2-MeV #alpha#-particle channeling in Si_1_-_xSn_x alloys with 0#<=#x#<=#1 have been performed. The simulations are compared with measured channeling-angular scans for strained Si_0_._9_5Sn_0_._0_5 layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Agreement between simulated and measured angular scans can only be achieved if we assume a deviation of the crystal structure from the ideal one. This deviation can be attributed to a mosaic structure in the films and to an atomic-scale distortion of the crystal lattice due to an expected difference in the bond lengths between the Si-Si, Si-Sn and Sn-Sn atoms (such a difference in bond lengths has been observed in the epitaxial Si_1_-_xGe_x system). The contributions from both of these imperfections are estimated and discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A numerical model was developed to simulate the combined effects of heat transfer, magnetite oxidation, and NO{sub x} formation in a grate-kiln furnace for taconite pellet induration. Heat transfer from the flame in the kiln was described by the net radiation method. The shrinking core model was used to account for magnetite oxidation on the grate. A novel approach to oxidation of tumbling pellets in a kiln was derived. The Zeldovich mechanism was used to predict thermal NO generation. Temperature fluctuations in the gas streams were estimated with a clipped Gaussian probability density function. The thermal energy balances and mass balances resulted in coupled systems of first-order differential equations, which were solved numerically. The model is capable of predicting NO production and magnetite oxidation in agreement with observation of plant performance. Although the design of the grate-kiln system is for efficient heat and mass transfer, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The half-life ({ital T}{sub 1/2}) and {ital g} factor of the 2002 keV 11{sup {minus}} isomer in the odd-odd nucleus {sup 92}Tc produced by the pulsed heavy-ion reaction {sup 68}Zn({sup 28}Si,{ital p}3{ital n}){sup 92}Tc have been measured using time differential perturbed angular distribution method. The measured {ital T}{sub 1/2} value is 3.15(20) ns. From the observed spin precession frequency {omega}{sub {ital L}} of a {sup 92}Tc recoil implanted into a ferromagnetic Ni host, we obtain the {ital g} factor to be 0.806(20). The measured value of the {ital g} factor is in good agreement with a shell model analysis carried out using {pi}({ital p}{sub 1/2}{ital g}{sub 9/2}) and {nu}({ital p}{sub 1/2}{ital g}{sub 9/2}) orbitals for the proton particles and neutron holes outside the {sup 88}Sr core. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility betweeen 0.03 and 300 K and of the magnetization between 0.05 and 10 K for magnetic fields up to 60kOe have been used to investigate effects from the interaction between the conduction electrons and local magnetic moments in (Lasub(1-x)Cesub(x))B_6 alloys (0.0007<=x<=0.10). For Ce concentrations x<0.006 the data show Kondo-type single impurity behaviour at low temperatures with a transition from a magnetic to a non-magnetic regime of the Ce ions. In the magnetic regime the impurity susceptibility follows a Curie-Weiss law, and in the non-magnetic regime it varies with T"2. An external magnetic field gradually restores the free-ion behaviour of the Ce impurities. For more concentrated alloys interactions between the impurities are observed. The RKKY interaction strength derived is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than in the Kondo system CuFe. Values of the s-f exchange integral, J, estimated from both ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The new proton-induced nuclear reaction data for C, Fe, Cu and Pb for KASKAD-S have been generated using a newly developed data preparation system. The new system utilizes the NJOY and TRANSX codes to prepare these data with the latest evaluation instead of using the SADCO code with the built-in nuclear data. Auxiliary codes have been developed to help the conversion of TRANSX output into the reaction data for running the KASKAD-S. The basic nuclear data selected for this work are the LA150 and KAERI high energy files whose energy ranges are up to 150 and 250 MeV, respectively. The total neutron yields were calculated using KASKAD-S and the new reaction data up to 250 MeV bombarding energy. The calculations were compared with the measurements or MCNPX calculations when the measured data were absent. The comparison shows that our calculations give an overall good agreement with the measurements and MCNPX calculations except around 30 MeV where large discrepancies ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The symmetric noncoplanar (e,2e) cross sections (momentum profiles) of H_2 and D_2 for the transitions to the 2p#sigma#_u and 2s#sigma#_g excited ion states have been measured, relative to the ground-state ion transition, using a high-sensitivity multichannel momentum-dispersive electron momentum spectrometer (EMS) at an impact energy of 1200 eV. Newly calculated plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA) cross sections, based on a full-configuration-interaction H_2 wave function, are compared to the experimental results. These calculations are in better agreement with the experimental results for the transition to the 2s#sigma#_g ion state than the earlier theoretical work of Liu and Smith, Jr. [Phys. Rev. A 31, 3003 (1985)] which has been found to be in error. Nevertheless, significant discrepancies between the relative experimental and theoretical cross sections are observed for the transitions to excited ion states, suggesting a failure of the ...

Science.gov (United States)

The system of the early forecast of radiation hazardous fluxes of solar cosmic rays in space on the basis of the real time neutron monitors data obtained by the NMDB (Neutron Monitor Data Base) network is created. The forecast system is based on a short cut technique of definition of a spectrum of solar protons from the data of the limited number of neutron monitor stations and with a simplified procedure of accounts. It is shown that the results of computations of solar proton spectra with the short-cut technique little differ from spectra obtained with a complete technique at energies less than 5 GeV. Thus the good agreement between derived from the neutron monitor data intensities of solar protons in an energy range of hundreds MeV with the data of direct measurements of solar protons at GOES-11 spacecraft is observed. The maximum of increase on neutron monitors outstrips on several hours (2-10) an appropriate maximum of radiation-dangerous ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We performed density functional calculations to examine the effects of solvation, hydrogen bonding, backbone conformation, and the side chain on 15N chemical shielding in proteins. We used N-methylacetamide (NMA) and N-formyl-alanyl-X (with X being one of the 19 naturally occurring amino acids excluding proline) as model systems. In addition, calculations were performed for selected fragments from protein GB3. The conducting polarizable continuum model was employed to include the effect of solvent in the density functional calculations. Our calculations for NMA show that the augmentation of the polarizable continuum model with the explicit water molecules in the first solvation shell has a significant influence on isotropic 15N chemical shift but not as much on the chemical shift anisotropy. The difference in the isotropic chemical shift between the standard ?-sheet and ?-helical conformations ranges from 0.8 to 6.2 ppm depending on the residue type, with the mean of 2.7 ppm. This is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new atomistic approach to Si device process simulation is presented. It is based on a Monte Carlo diffusion code coupled to a binary collision program. Besides diffusion, the simulation includes recombination of vacancies and interstitials, clustering and re-emission from the clusters, and trapping of interstitials. We discuss the simulation of a typical room-temperature implant at 40 keV, 5{times}10{sup 13} cm{sup {minus}2} Si into (001)Si, followed by a high temperature (815{degree}C) anneal. The damage evolves into an excess of interstitials in the form of extended defects and with a total number close to the implanted dose. This result explains the success of the {open_quote}{open_quote}+1{close_quote}{close_quote} model, used to simulate transient diffusion of dopants after ion implantation. It is also in agreement with recent transmission electron microscopy observations of the number of interstitials stored in (311) defects. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An aerial radiological survey was performed from 11 to 20 March 1982 over a 260-square-kilometer area centered on the Grand Gulf Nuclear Station at Port Gibson, Mississippi (the station was not yet in operation at the time of the survey). All gamma ray data were collected by flying east-west lines spaced 152 meters apart at an altitude 91 meters above ground level. Processed data showed that all gamma rays detected within the survey area were those expected from naturally occurring terrestrial background emitters. Count rates obtained from the aerial platform were converted to exposure rates at 1 meter above the ground and are presented in the form of an isoradiation contour map. The observed exposure rates were between 5 and 13 microroentgens per hour (#mu#R/h), with most of the area ranging from 9 to 10 #mu#R/h. These values include an estimated cosmic ray contribution of 3.6 #mu#R/h. The exposure rate obtained from soil samples and ionization chamber ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We summarize the predictions of different models for total #gamma##gamma# cross-sections. The experimentally observed rise of #sigma#_#gamma#_#gamma# with s radical _#gamma#_#gamma#, faster than that for #sigma#_p_-_b_a_r_p, #sigma#_#gamma#_p is in agreement with the predictions of the Eikonalized Minijet Models as opposed to those of the Regge-Pomeron models. We then show that a measurement of #sigma#_#gamma#_#gamma# with an accuracy of < or approx. 8-9% (6-7%) is necessary to distinguish among different Regge-Pomeron type models (the different parameterisations of the EMM models) and a precision of < or approx. 20% is required to distinguish the predictions of the EMMs and of those models which treat 'photon like a proton', for the energy range 300< s radical_#gamma#_#gamma# <500 GeV. We further show that the difference in model predictions for #sigma#_#gamma#_#gamma# of about a factor 2 at s radical _#gamma#_#gamma# = 700 GeV ...

Science.gov (United States)

The urine test strip is the most common test used to detect ketones in veterinary patients, but it can underestimate the degree of ketonuria and hence, ketonemia. Additionally, adequate urine samples for analysis may be difficult to obtain from dehydrated animals. The standard method used to detect and monitor ketonemia in human medicine is measurement of serum or whole blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (?HOB). A point-of-care (POC) analyzer has been validated for this purpose in humans. This study compared the accuracy of the POC device to an enzymatic reaction laboratory method for measurement of ?HOB in dogs. Although the POC sensor tended to overestimate ?HOB concentrations, there was good correlation (R(2) = 0.96) and good agreement between the 2 methods with a bias +/- precision of 0.0860 +/- 0.3410 mmol/L ?HOB. The POC ?HOB sensor can be useful for assessing ketonemia in dogs. PMID:21119867

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The evolution of metallic substance atomic structure is studied on temperature variation including crystal heating up to melting points, a crystal- liquid phase transition and initiation of a high-density liquid specific structure. It is marked that heat induced changes of simple metal structure can be described as changes around a natural elementary cell which is common for both a crystal and a liquid and consists of a central atom and Z_1 atoms of the first coordination sphere. On this basis the vacancy model of melting is verified. Concentrations of melting vacancies are determined by coordination numbers in the form of Z_1/(1+Z_1)"2 which are the same for both a crystal and a natural elementary cell. The size of natural elementary cells is in an agreement with that of the coordination sphere featured in the liquid and phase transition statistical theory. Calculated data are given for a number of metals, Cs, Eu, Ni, V included

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A series of novel triazolinones were synthesized and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The herbicidal activities were evaluated against Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Digitaria adscendens, Brassica napus and Amaranthus retroflexus. The herbicidal activity data indicated that the title compounds had higher activities with substituted benzyl group moieties than with other groups such as sulfonyl, alkyl, etc. To further investigate the structure-activity relationship, comparative molecular field analysis was performed on the basis of herbicidal activity data. Both the steric and electronic field distributions of comparative molecular field analysis are in good agreement in this work. The results showed that a b...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Results of discrete element method (DEM) simulation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments are compared for monodisperse granular materials flowing in a half-filled horizontal rotating cylinder. Because opacity is not a problem for MRI, a long cylinder with an aspect ratio {approximately}7 was used and the flow in a thin transverse slice near the center was studied. The particles were mustard seeds and the ratio of cylinder diameter to particle diameter was approximately 50. The parameters compared were dynamic angle of repose, velocity field in a plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis, and velocity fluctuations at rotation rates up to 30 rpm. The agreement between DEM and MRI was good when the friction coefficient and nonsphericity were adjusted in the simulation for the best fit. {copyright} {ital 1998 American Institute of Physics.}

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The shock stand-off distance of a spherical model flying with transonic speeds is determined through numerical simulations. The model decelerates due to drag forces caused by the pressure and viscous shear stress at the model surface. Two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical codes with numerical grids fixed to the flying spherical model are used in the simulations. Numerically determined shock stand-off distances are compared with experimental data obtained in a previous study as well as with those obtained in our ballistic-range experiments. The numerical results and the experimental data are found to be in good agreement. In addition, the time-dependent shock stand-off distance of a decelerating model is investigated.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this article, the ability of artificial neural networks in prediction of separation in steady two dimensional boundary layer flows is studied. Data for network training is extracted from numerical solution of an ODE obtained from Von Karman integral equation with approximate one parameter Pohlhousen velocity profile. As an appropriate neural network, a two layer radial basis generalized regression artificial neural network is used. The results shows good agreements between the overall behavior of the flow fields predicted by the artificial neural network and the actual flow fields for some cases. The method easily can be extended to unsteady separation and turbulent as well as compressible boundary layer flows. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study emphasizes the need for a systematic and in-depth connection between the progress in quantum theory of energetic ion collisions and applications to hadron therapy. Scattering theory for fast ion beams has reached its stage of development where accurate and robustly applicable methodologies can advantageously be exported to applied fields such as space research, fusion energy program, medicine, etc. In particular, distorted wave collision theories at high energies readily provide total, partial and fully differential cross sections for inelastic collisions of ionic projectiles with any target system. By numerous and thorough testings, such theoretical cross sections were found to exhibit excellent agreement with experimental data on atomic targets. Adequate extensions of these me...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report on the improvement of Critical Dimension (CD) linearity on a photomask by applying the concept of process proximity correction to a laser lithographic process used for fabrication of photomasks. Rule-based Laser Process proximity Correction (LPC) was performed using an automated optical proximity correction tool and we obtained dramatic improvement of CD linearity on a photomask. A study on model-based LPC was executed using a two-Gaussian kernel function and we extracted model parameters for the laser lithographic process by fitting the model-predicted CD linearity data with measured ones. Model-predicted bias values of isolated space (I/S), Arrayed Contact (A/C) and Isolated Contact (I/C) were in good agreement with those obtained by the nonlinear curve-fitting method used for the rule-based LPC.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A study of elliptical flow is carried out for different mass asymmetries of colliding nuclei using the reactions of Formula Not Shown ( Formula Not Shown ), Formula Not Shown ( Formula Not Shown ) and Formula Not Shown ( Formula Not Shown ). The present reactions are simulated at incident energies between 50 and 250 MeV/nucleon within the framework of isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. For the present analysis, total mass of colliding pairs is kept fixed and mass asymmetry is varied between 0.3 and 0.7. The elliptical flow shows a transition from in-plane to out-of-plane in the mid rapidity region with incident energy. The transition energy is found to increase with the mass asymmetry for light charged particles. A good agreement is obtained with experimental measurements.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The MCNPE-BO and MCNP4 Monte Carlo electron-photon codes were used to calculate the dose equivalent per unit fluence at various depths in tissue-equivalent slab phantoms for broad parallel beams of monoenergetic electrons with energies from 50 keV to 10 MeV. The study was carried out in the framework of the activities of a ICRP/ICRU Joint Task Group with the support of EURADOS WG4 (Numerical Dosimetry). Some preliminary results and comparisons as well as a general discussion on the performances of the codes are presented, demonstrating quite a satisfactory agreement among the results obtained using the two codes and those of other authors. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The biosorption of lead, copper and zinc ions on Rhizopus arrhizus has been studied for three single-component and two binary systems. The equilibrium data have been analysed using the Freundlich adsorption model. The characteristic parameters for the Freundlich adsorption model have been determined and the competition coefficients for the competitive biosorption of Pb(II)-Cu(II) at pH 4.0 and 5.0, and Pb(II)-Zn(II) at pH 5.0 have been calcualted. For the individual single-component isotherms, lead has the highest biosorption capacity followed by copper, then zinc. The capacity of lead in the two binary systems is always significantly greater than those of the other metal ions, in agreement with the single-component data. Only a partial selectivity for copper ions has been obtained at pH 4.0. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

During 1993 and 1994 a working group of biologists operating in Region Lombardia has carried out a study to evaluate the reliability of artificial substrates in the assessment of water quality by the Extended Biotic Index. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected by means of hand net and artificial substrates (up to 3 replicates) in 22 sampling sites of 15 watercourses of different typology (river, stream, irrigation channel) and water quality. Sampling efficiency and reliability in the calculation of E.B.I. and Quality Class by 1, 2 and 3 artificial substrates with respect to hand net have been evaluated. Influence of water quality, typology and original prevailing substrate in watercourses on the performance of artificial substrates has also been investigated. Results show a good agreement with other Authors' papers, confirming that artificial substrates represent a valid alternative macroinvertebrate sampling technique when traditional hand ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The intrinsic energy levels in the doubly odd isotopes of Np with mass number 238 and of Am with mass numbers 240, 242 and 244 are calculated using the zero-range neutron-proton residual interaction whose parameters are evaluated using the atomic masses and the ground state Gallagher-Moszkowski splitting energy in each case. A configuration dependence of the residual interaction is in evidence in several cases. The results are compared with the experimental data and the comparison is used to check on the two-particle configuration assignments to the intrinsic states in the respective spectra. Encouraged by the nature and the degree of the agreement of the theory with the available experimental data, predictions are made about the expected location of the as yet unobserved two-quasiparticle states in these nuclei.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Heat transfer through the gas diffusion layer (GDL) is a key process in the design and operation of a PEM fuel cell. The analysis of this process requires determination of the effective thermal conductivity as well as the thermal contact resistance associated with the interface between the GDL and adjacent surfaces/layers. In the present study, a custom-made test bed that allows the separation of effective thermal conductivity and thermal contact resistance in GDLs under vacuum and ambient conditions is described. Measurements under varying compressive loads are performed using Toray carbon paper samples with a porosity of 78% for a range of thicknesses. The measurements are complemented by compact analytical models that achieve good agreement with experimental data. A key finding is that ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The energy levels scheme of octahedrally coordinated Ni2+ ion in single crystal, powder nano-single crystal, ceramics and glass-ceramics of MgGa2O4 host matrix, has been calculated in the exchange charge model of crystal field. The parameters of the crystal field acting on the Ni2+ ion are calculated from the crystal structure data, after optimization of the geometry of the system. The energy level schemes have been calculated by diagonalization of the crystal field Hamiltonian of this system. The obtained results were compared with experimental data; a good agreement were demonstrated, which confirm the validity of the model and used method.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As part of the EPRI Motor-Operated Valve (MOV) Performance Prediction Methodology, a System Flow Model (SFM) has been developed to determine the differential pressure (DP) across MOVs as they are stroked in typical power plant systems. Input to the SFM includes valve flow characteristics (such as flow coefficient) and system characteristics (such as pump head/flow curve). The primary output is differential pressure across the valve at each stroke position. The SFM was validated by comparison with test data from the EPRI Flow Loop Test Program. In this study, we calculated DP using SFM and performed DP test for four MOVs. Compared between calculated DP and test DP of four MOV, respectively good agreements are found. (author). 6 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dy doped #alpha#-SiAlON ceramics prepared by the hot-pressing method show a high optical transmittance value, >70%, in the infrared region of 1.5-4.5 #mu#m. First principles calculations have been carried out to reveal the underlying transparency mechanism. It is found that the valence shell of doped Dy atoms interacts strongly with the doping states of #alpha#-SiAlON, resulting in the increase in the optical gap from 0.4 to 1.1 eV, which suppresses the photoabsorption in the wavelength region longer than 1.0 #mu#m and leads to the good transparency property. The calculated optical transmission spectra are in good agreement with the corresponding experiments.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) Water inventory Study was initiated in September 1993 with the formation of a joint working group consisting of representatives from DOE-ID, State of Idaho INEL Oversight Program, US Geological Survey, and INEL employees to investigate three issues that had been identified by the INEL Oversight Program at ICPP: (1) the water inventory imbalance at ICPP, (2) the source of water infiltrating into the Tank Farm vault sumps, and (3) the source of water providing potential recharge to perched water bodies underlying ICPP. These issues suggested that water was being lost from the ICPP distribution system. The INEL Oversight Program was concerned that the unaccounted for water at ICPP could be spreading contaminants that have been released over the past 40 years of operations of ICPP, possibly to the Snake River Plain Aquifer. This report summarizes the findings of each of the component investigations that were undertaken to ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A method for the study of conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) photophysics in solution at the single-molecule level is described. Extended observation times of single polymer molecules are enabled by the...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Objectives To evaluate the extent to which intensive care units participating in the initial Keystone ICU project sustained reductions in rates of catheter related bloodstream infections.Design...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Studies were assigned values based on whether they were anecdotal or ... or family income), work experience, birth order, military or civilian ...... observed with submarine personnel and polar expeditioners (Sandal et al., 1996). ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregabalin in painful cervical or lumbosacral radiculopathy treated in Primary Care settings under routine clinical practice. An observational,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundObservational clinical studies have shown that patients with diabetes have less favorable results after percutaneous coronary intervention compared with the non-diabetic...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The bulk alignment of actin filament sliding movement, powered by randomly oriented myosin molecules, has been observed and studied using an in vitro motility assay. The well established,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

During a study on the mTor pathway in the rat kidney we observed a striking increase of the phosphorylation of the S6 kinase in mitosis. In cryostat sections of perfusion-fixed tissue mitotic cells...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The mechanism by which mechanical force regulates the kinetics of a chemical reaction is unknown. Here, we use single-molecule force–clamp spectroscopy and protein engineering to study the effect...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundVariable platelet response to clopidogrel has been widely observed. Studies have shown that the mean aggregation response to clopidogrel can be changed...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Observational work on quasars, galaxies, and stars is summarized. Theoretical studies covering stars and stellar evolution, galaxies, clusters and cosmology, high energy astrophysics the solar system and the Sun are described. (ESA)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Traditional approaches to the study of hormones and cognition have been primarily observational or correlational in nature. Because this work does not permit causal relationships to be identified,...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The transformation of Pd/Si to Pd{sub 2}Si/Si is investigated using depth-resolved positron annihilation, x-ray diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy studies. The observed defect-sensitive positron S-parameter value of 1.022-1.054 indicates the existence of divacancies across the silicide/silicon interface and Si substrate region. Our experimental observation of vacancy defects is consistent with the model proposed for excess vacancy generation across the interface consequent to Si diffusion. (letter to the editor)

CERN Document Server

Warm-intermediate inflationary universe models in the context of braneworld cosmologies, are studied. This study is done in the weak and strong dissipative regimes. We find that, the scalar potentials and dissipation coefficients in terms of the scalar field, evolves as type-power-law and powers of logarithms, respectively. General conditions required for these models to be realizable are derived and discussed. We also study the scalar and tensor perturbations for each regime. We use recent astronomical observations to constraint the parameters appearing in the braneworld models.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of weather and available protection on the behaviour of outdoor-wintered beef cattle (Bos taurus). A herd of 78-85 cattle head was studied during four winter months in the Southwest of Sweden. Protection was offered by coniferous forest situated on and around the 12ha pasture, which we divided into protection categories. During 240h we observed 10 cows and 10 heifers as focal animals (each 3h/month) during day time and adjusted observation times to the altitude of the sun. Close to the animals and at an unprotected spot of the pasture we measured temperature, wind speed and solar radiation and combined these variables to a single measure called Wind Chill Temperature (WCT). During observations the animals were in the forest in 12...

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Recent organic geochemical studies differ radically in their interpretation of the origin of the Gulf coast oils. However all studies since (and including) Thompson, et al. 1989, emphasize the considerable geographic variation in genetic oil types and are in generalized agreement as to the genetic oil types present and their spatial and stratigraphic relationships. In particular it is accepted that the Gulf rim (both north and south) is encircled by a ring of Mesozoic carbonate-sourced oils and that there is also at least one major deep water trend of carbonate-sourced oils in the northern Gulf. It is also generally agreed that many of the Gulf rim oils are of Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian age, though some, like the Sunniland oils of Florida, are of lower Cretaceous origin. Major disagreement still occurs over the sources of the Louisiana offshore oils and onshore Wilcox reservoired oils. One {open_quotes}school of ...

Science.gov (United States)

No abstract available.

Science.gov (United States)

Dec 15, 2010 ... If applicable to the agreement, that the market based pricing ...... reduce the price in order to comply with market-based pricing, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Therapeutic effect of p-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside Na (K-247) were studied. Eleven patients with a variety of solid tumors were treated with K-247 alone. K-247 was given orally 800 mg daily for 4 weeks. As for side effect of the drug, only mild gastritis was observed in a few patients. Partial response (over 25% reduction of tumor size) with a median duration of two months was observed in 3 patients. These cases were metastatic tumor of lung from the carcinoma of thyroid, metastatic tumors of lung from the carcinoma of kidney, and mediastinal tumor. In eight patients the response was classified as no change and in one patient there was progressive disease. Thus K-247 has some therapeutic activity in patients with solid tumor. Combination therapy of irradiation and administration of K-247 were also studied. In the twelve patients receiving the combination therapy, partial response was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The rate coefficient for the title reaction has been determined using mixtures of nitric acid (HNO{sub 3}), carbon monoxide (CO), and argon in incident shock wave experiments. Upon shock heating, the nitric acid rapidly decomposes into OH and NO{sub 2}. The OH subsequently reacts predominantly via the title reaction. Quantitative OH time histories were obtained by continuous-wave (cw) narrow-linewidth UV laser absorption of the R{sub 1}(5) line of the A{sup 2}{Sigma}{sup +} {l_arrow} X{sup 2}{Pi}{sub i} (0,0) transition at 32,606.56 cm{sup {minus}1} (vacuum). In some experiments, helium was added to the reactant mixture to examine CO vibrational excitation effects on the rate coefficient determination. It was found that the rate of excited CO (v = 1) with OH is less than the rate of ground-state CO (v = 0) with OH, which is in agreement with previous state-dependent work. The experiments were conducted over the temperature range 1,090--2,370 K and the pressure ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Earlier research by Zel'manov and by Hoenl and Dehnen has shown how the geodesic equation for a charged test particle can be written as a Lorentz force law in which the four-velocity u"i of an observer in the physical three-space #gamma#_#alpha#_#beta# = -g_#alpha#_#beta# + g_0_#alpha# g_0_#beta# / g_0_0 is regarded as a gravitational vector potential. Analysing this analogy further, we write the four ("i_0) components of the Einstein equations in a form resembling a non-linear Maxwell system, which, for a stationary field, is most clearly understood from the Kaluza-Klein perspective, the projection being from four dimensions to three, rather than from five dimensions to four. For the vacuum theory defined by vanishing energy-momentum tensor, T_i_j = 0, these equations exhibit the structure of a non-linear sigma model, found by Ernst, and investigated by Gibbons and Hawking and by Sanchez, the scalar potentials of which we here relate to the gravito-electromagnetic ...

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Detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms are developed for combustion of all nine isomers of heptane (C{sub 7}H{sub 16}), and these mechanisms are tested by simulating autoignition of each isomer under rapid compression machine conditions. The reaction mechanisms focus on the manner in which the molecular structure of each isomer determines the rates and product distributions of possible classes of reactions. The reaction pathways emphasize the importance of alkylperoxy radical isomerizations and addition reactions of molecular oxygen to alkyl and hydroperoxyalkyl radicals. A new reaction group has been added to past models, in which hydroperoxyalkyl radicals that originated with abstraction of an H atom from a tertiary site in the parent heptane molecule are assigned new reaction sequences involving additional internal H atom abstractions not previously allowed. This process accelerates autoignition in fuels with tertiary C-H bonds in the parent fuel. In addition, the rates of ...