nadh-cytochrome b5 reductase: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

Microsomal Electron Transfer in Higher Plants: Cloning and Heterologous Expression of NADH-Cytochrome b₅ Reductase from Arabidopsis

The effects of bivalent cations on cytochrome b5 reduction by NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase and NADPH:cytochrome c reductase were studied with the proteinase-solubilized enzymes. Cytochrome b5 reduction...Full Text Available

1988-05-01

Isolation of Assimilatory- and Dissimilatory-Type Sulfite Reductases from Desulfovibrio vulgaris

AtCBR, a cDNA encoding NADH-cytochrome (Cyt) b₅ reductase, and AtB5-A and AtB5-B, two cDNAs encoding Cyt b₅, were isolated from Arabidopsis....Full Text Available

1999-01-01

The mechanism of thioredoxin reductase from human placenta is similar to the mechanisms of lipoamide dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase and is distinct from the mechanism of thioredoxin reductase from Escherichia?coli

Bisulfite reductase (desulfoviridin) and an assimilatory sulfite reductase have been purified from extracts of Desulfovibrio vulgaris. The bisulfite reductase has absorption maxima...Full Text Available

1973-08-01

Pyridine Nucleotide Specificity of Barley Nitrate Reductase ¹

Thioredoxin reductase, lipoamide dehydrogenase, and glutathione reductase are members of the pyridine nucleotide–disulfide oxidoreductase family of dimeric flavoenzymes. The mechanisms and structures...Full Text Available

1997-04-15

Molecular and immunological comparison of human dihydropteridine reductase in liver, cultured fibroblasts and continuous lymphoid cells.

NADPH nitrate reductase activity in higher plants has been attributed to the presence of NAD(P)H bispecific nitrate reductases and to the presence of phosphatases capable of hydrolyzing NADPH to NADH....Full Text Available

1982-05-01

Biochemical Characterization of Soybean Mutants Lacking Constitutive NADH:Nitrate Reductase ¹

An antiserum was raised in a rabbit against highly purified human liver dihydropteridine reductase (EC 1.6.99.7). Dihydropteridine reductase from human liver, in human cultured fibroblasts and in continuous...Full Text Available

1981-07-01

Induction and Repression of Nitrate Reductase in Neurospora crassa

Two nitrate reductase (NR) mutants were selected for low nitrate reductase (LNR) activity by in vivo NR microassays of M₂ seedlings derived from nitrosomethylurea-mutagenized...Full Text Available

1986-06-01

Identification and characterization of retinoid-active short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases in Drosophila melanogaster.

Synthesis of wild-type Neurospora crassa assimilatory nitrate reductase is induced in the presence of nitrate ions and repressed in the presence of ammonium ions. Effects of several...Full Text Available

1978-02-01

Expressional Characterization of Dehydroascorbate Reductase cDNA in Transgenic Potato Plants

PMID:19520149

2009-06-09

KoreaScience (Korea)

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2008-01-01

Aldose reductase inhibitory activity and anti catraract potential of some traditionally acclaimed antidiabetic medicinal plants

KoreaScience (Korea)

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2009-09-01

narI region of the Escherichia coli nitrate reductase (nar) operon contains two genes.

The Effect of 5?-Reductase Inhibition With Dutasteride and Finasteride on Bone Mineral Density, Serum Lipoproteins, Hemoglobin, Prostate Specific Antigen and Sexual Function in Healthy Young Men

In previous studies it has been established that in Escherichia coli the three known subunits of anaerobic nitrate reductase are encoded by the narGHI operon. From the nucleotide sequence of the narI...Full Text Available

1988-04-01

Some New Aspects of the in Vivo Assay for Nitrate Reductase in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Leaves

PurposeDutasteride and finasteride are 5α-reductase inhibitors that dramatically decrease serum levels of dihydrotestosterone. Because androgens...Full Text Available

2008-06-01

Seasonal Patterns of Nitrate Reductase and Nitrogenase Activities in Phaseolus vulgaris L. ¹

Experiments were carried out to clarify problems encountered in measuring metabolic and storage pool sizes of nitrate in wheat leaf sections with an in vivo nitrate reductase assay....Full Text Available

1980-01-01

Reversible Inactivation of Nitrate Reductase by NADH and the Occurrence of Partially Inactive Enzyme in the Wheat Leaf 1

The patterns of nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in the leaves (in vivo assay) and root nodule nitrogenase activity (C₂H₂ reduction) were investigated throughout...Full Text Available

1979-03-01

Rapid Modulation of Spinach Leaf Nitrate Reductase by Photosynthesis ¹

Nitrate reductase from wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Bindawarra) leaves is inactivated by pretreatment with NADH, in the absence of nitrate, a 50% loss of activity occurring in 30...Full Text Available

1983-03-01

Phytochrome, Nitrate Movement, and Induction of Nitrate Reductase in Etiolated Pea Terminal Buds ¹

Assimilatory nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in crude spinach leaf (Spinacia oleracea) extracts undergoes rapid changes following fluctuations in photosynthesis brought about by changes...Full Text Available

1991-06-01

Nodule and Leaf Nitrate Reductases and Nitrogen Fixation in Medicago sativa L. under Water Stress

The role of phytochrome in the induction of nitrate reductase of etiolated field peas (Pisum arvense L.) was examined. Terminal bud nitrate concentration increased in darkness, and...Full Text Available

1975-06-01

Nitrogen metabolite repression of nitrate reductase in Neurospora crassa.

The effect of water stress on patterns of nitrate reductase activity in the leaves and nodules and on nitrogen fixation were investigated in Medicago sativa L. plants watered 1 week...Full Text Available

1982-02-01

Nitric Oxide Emissions from Soybean Leaves during in Vivo Nitrate Reductase Assays ¹

The effect of different nitrogen compounds on the induction of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-nitrate reductase was examined in Neurospora crassa. Whereas in the wild-type strain...Full Text Available

1979-03-01

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Nitrate Reductase Activity in Soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

Recent work identified acetaldehyde oxime as the predominant product purged by inert gases from anaerobic in vivo nitrate reductase (NR) assays of soybean (Glycine max...Full Text Available

1987-09-01

Methanogen Diversity Evidenced by Molecular Characterization of Methyl Coenzyme M Reductase A (mcrA) Genes in Hydrothermal Sediments of the Guaymas Basin

The optimum in vivo nitrate reductase (NR) assay medium for soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) leaves was 50 mm KNO₃, 1% (v/v) 1- propanol, and 100...Full Text Available

1976-12-01

Involvement of a low-molecular-weight substance in in vitro activation of the molybdoenzyme respiratory nitrate reductase from a chlB mutant of Escherichia coli.

The methanogenic community in hydrothermally active sediments of Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California, Mexico) was analyzed by PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of methyl coenzyme M reductase...Full Text Available

2005-08-01

Identification of a new gene, molR, essential for utilization of molybdate by Escherichia coli.

The soluble subcellular fraction of a chlB mutant contains an inactive precursor form of the molybdoenzyme nitrate reductase, which can be activated by the addition to the soluble fraction of protein...Full Text Available

1987-10-01

Identification and Characterization of Retinoid-Active Short-Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases in Drosophila melanogaster

A mutation in a new gene, molR, prevented the synthesis in Escherichia coli of molybdoenzymes, including the two formate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, nitrate reductase and trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase....Full Text Available

1990-04-01

Evolution of Nitrogen Oxide(s) during In Vivo Nitrate Reductase Assay of Soybean Leaves

BackgroundIn chordates, retinoid metabolism is an important target of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs). It is not known whether SDRs play a role in retinoid...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

Evaluation of Direct Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rifampin Resistance by a Nitrate Reductase Assay Applied to Sputum Samples in Cotonou, Benin?

Studies were conducted to quantitate the evolution of nitrogen oxides (NO_(x)) from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaves during in vivo nitrate reductase...Full Text Available

1981-12-01

Ellman's-reagent-mediated regeneration of trypanothione in situ: substrate-economical microplate and time-dependent inhibition assays for trypanothione reductase.

The aim of this study was to evaluate a nitrate reductase assay (NRA) performed on smear-positive sputa for the direct detection of rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis....Full Text Available

2007-07-01

Developmental and metabolic regulation of the Drosophila melanogaster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase.

Trypanothione reductase (TryR) is a key enzyme involved in the oxidative stress management of the Trypanosoma and Leishmania parasites, which helps to maintain an intracellular reducing environment...Full Text Available

2003-02-01

Development of Nitrate Reductase Activity in Expanding Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum in Relation to the Concentration of Nitrate and Potassium

The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase in Drosophila melanogaster synthesizes mevalonate for the production of nonsterol isoprenoids, which are essential for growth and...Full Text Available

1988-07-01

Acetaldehyde Oxime, A Product Formed during the In Vivo Nitrate Reductase Assay of Soybean Leaves 1

Up to 80% of the total nitrate reductase activity (NRA) determined in vivo in different parts of vegetative tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum) was located in the leaves....Full Text Available

1988-05-01

Quantitative transfer of the molybdenum cofactor from xanthine oxidase and from sulphite oxidase to the deficient enzyme of the nit-1 mutant of Neurospora crassa to yield active nitrate reductase.

Evolution of nitrogen oxides (NO_(x), primarily as nitric oxide) from soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) leaves during purged in vivo nitrate reductase assays...Full Text Available

1984-09-01

Systemic bioactivity of intranasal triamcinolone and mometasone in perennial allergic rhinitis

An assay method is described for measurement of absolute concentrations of the molybdenum cofactor, based on complementation of the defective nitrate reductase ('apo nitrate reductase') in extracts...Full Text Available

1984-04-15

Distinguishing two groups of flavin reductases by analyzing the protonation state of an active site carboxylic acid

AimsTo evaluate the systemic bioactivity of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) 220 �b5;g or mometasone furoate (MF) 200 �b5;g over 3 weeks in perennial allergic rhinitis.Full Text Available

2003-03-01

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Flavin-containing reductases are involved in a wide variety of physiological reactions such as photosynthesis, nitric oxide synthesis, and detoxification of foreign compounds, including therapeutic drugs. Ferredoxin-NADP(H)-reductase (FNR) is the prototypical enzyme of this family. The fold of this protein is highly conserved and occurs as one domain of several multidomain enzymes such as the members of the diflavin reductase family. The enzymes of this family have emerged as fusion of a FNR and a flavodoxin. Although the active sites of these enzymes are very similar, different enzymes function in opposite directions, that is, some reduce oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) and some oxidize reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). In t...

2011-01-01

The Conversion of Nitrite to Nitrogen Oxide(s) by the Constitutive NAD(P)H-Nitrate Reductase Enzyme from Soybean ¹

Rapid and Inexpensive Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the Nitrate Reductase Assay Using Liquid Medium and Direct Application to Sputum Samples?

A two-step purification protocol was used in an attempt to separate the constitutive NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H-NR, pH 6.5; EC 1.6.6.2] activity from the nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide (NO_(x))...Full Text Available

1988-10-01

Molecular Cloning and Evidence for Osmoregulation of the ?¹-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase (proC) Gene in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) ¹²

For rapid and low-cost detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we applied the nitrate reductase assay (NRA) using a liquid medium directly to sputum samples....Full Text Available

2008-10-01

Isolation and Initial Characterization of Constitutive Nitrate Reductase-Deficient Mutants NR328 and NR345 of Soybean (Glycine max) ¹

Several cDNA clones encoding Δ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR, l-proline:NAD[P]⁺ 5-oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.2), which catalyzes the terminal step in...Full Text Available

1992-11-01

Mechanical wounding induces a nitrosative stress by down-regulation of GSNO reductase and an increase in S-nitrosothiols in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedlings

Two nitrate reductase deficient mutants of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Bragg) were isolated from approximately 10,000 M₂ seedlings, using a direct enzymic assay in...Full Text Available

1986-06-01

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Nitric oxide (NO) and related molecules such as peroxynitrite, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), and nitrotyrosine, among others, are involved in physiological processes as well in the mechanisms of response to stress conditions. In sunflower seedlings exposed to five different adverse environmental conditions (low temperature, mechanical wounding, high light intensity, continuous light, and continuous darkness), key components of the metabolism of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), including the enzyme activities L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS), S-nitrosogluthathione reductase (GSNOR), nitrate reductase (NR), catalase, and superoxide dismutase, the content of lipid hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), the cellular level of N...

2011-01-01

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Synthesis, crystal structure and optical properties of a novel sodium lead pentaborate, NaPbB5O9

Vectors containing a prokaryotic dihydrofolate reductase gene transform Drosophila cells to methotrexate-resistance.

A novel sodium lead pentaborate, NaPbB5O9, has been successfully synthesized by standard solid-state reaction. The single-crystal X-ray structural analysis showed that NaPbB5O9 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a=6.5324(10) A, b=13.0234(2) A, c=8.5838(10) A, ?=104.971(10)o, and Z=4. The crystal structure is composed of double ring [B5O9]3- units, [PbO7] and [NaO7] polyhedra. [B5O9]3- groups connect with each other forming two-dimensional infinite ?[B5O9]3- layers, while [PbO7] and [NaO7] polyhedra are located between the layers. [PbO7] polyhedra linked together via corner-sharing O atom forming novel infinite ?[PbO6] chains along the c axis. The thermal behavior, IR spectrum and the optical diffuse reflectance spectrum of ...

2011-04-01

The effectiveness of reducing the daily dose of finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Transformed Drosophila Kc cell lines, resistant to methotrexate, an inhibitor of de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis, have been obtained by calcium phosphate transfection of plasmids containing...Full Text Available

1983-01-01

Soybean Mutants Lacking Constitutive Nitrate Reductase Activity 1

BackgroundFinasteride, a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor, is an established treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The recommended dosage is 5 mg a day, however case reports have...Full Text Available

Role of Respiratory Nitrate Reductase in Ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens YT101 To Colonize the Rhizosphere of Maize

The objectives of this study were to select and initially characterize mutants of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Williams) with decreased ability to reduce nitrate. Selection involved...Full Text Available

1983-06-01

Rapid and Inexpensive Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a Nitrate Reductase Assay

Selection of the denitrifying community by plant roots (i.e., increase in the denitrifier/total heterotroph ratio in the rhizosphere) has been reported by several authors. However, very few studies...Full Text Available

2000-09-01

Rapid Detection of Ofloxacin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Two Low-Cost Colorimetric Methods: Resazurin and Nitrate Reductase Assays

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is an increasing public health concern in many parts of the world, especially in low-income countries, where most cases occur. Traditional drug susceptibility testing...Full Text Available

2002-02-01

Phosphorylation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ?-Ketoacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase MabA Regulates Mycolic Acid Biosynthesis*

We have evaluated the performance of two rapid, low-cost methods for the detection of ofloxacin (OFX) resistance with 95 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from countries with high...Full Text Available

2005-04-01

Nitrogen fixation in nitrate reductase-deficient mutants of cultured rhizobia.

Mycolic acids are key cell wall components for the survival, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance of the human tubercle bacillus. Although it was thought that Mycobacterium tuberculosis...Full Text Available

2010-04-23

Nitric Oxide and Nitrous Oxide Production by Soybean and Winged Bean during the in Vivo Nitrate Reductase Assay ¹

Forty-eight mutants unable to reduce nitrate were isolated from "cowpea" Rhizobium sp. strain 32Hl and examined for nitrogenase activity in culture. All but two of the mutants had nitrogenase activity...Full Text Available

1977-02-01

Molybdoenzyme biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: in vitro activation of purified nitrate reductase from a chlB mutant.

This study was conducted to determine by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) the identity and the quantity of volatile N products produced during the helium-purged in vivo...Full Text Available

1986-11-01

Metabolism of the benzidine-based azo dye Direct Black 38 by human intestinal microbiota.

All molybdoenzyme activities are absent in chlB mutants because of their inability to synthesize molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide, which together with molybdate constitutes the molybdenum cofactor...Full Text Available

1992-12-01

Increased Ethanol Productivity in Xylose-Utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae via a Randomly Mutagenized Xylose Reductase?

Benzidine-based azo dyes are proven mutagens and have been linked to bladder cancer. Previous studies have indicated that their initial reduction is the result of the azo reductase activity of the intestinal...Full Text Available

1985-07-01

Increase in Internode Length of Phaseolus lunatus L. Caused by Inoculation with a Nitrate Reductase-deficient Strain of Rhizobium sp. ¹

Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been genetically engineered to ferment the pentose sugar xylose present in lignocellulose biomass. One of the reactions controlling the...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

Finasteride-Its Impact on Sexual Function and Prostate Cancer

Dramatic differences in the height of lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) treated with two different Rhizobium strains were studied. Lima beans were grown in Perlite...Full Text Available

1981-01-01

Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a Nitrate Reductase Assay Applied Directly on Microscopy-Positive Sputum Samples

Finasteride, a specific and competitive inhibitor of 5α-reductase enzyme Type 2, inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In adults, DHT acts as primary androgen...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

Differential Effect of Irradiance and Nutrient Nitrate on the Relationship of in Vivo and in Vitro Nitrate Reductase Assay in Chlorophyllous Tissues ¹

Current methods for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are either costly or slow. As the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains increases, the need for fast,...Full Text Available

2005-07-01

A Nitrate Reductase-less Variant Isolated from Suspension Cultures of Datura innoxia (Mill.) ¹

Growth at increasing continuous irradiance (at high nutrient nitrate) and nutrient nitrate concentrations (at high continuous irradiance) furnished increases in the in vivo and in...Full Text Available

1977-04-01

Effect of Apolipoprotein E ?4 on the association between health behaviors and cognitive function in late midlife

A comparative study has been carried out of the growth of two lines of Datura innoxia (Mill.) cells, designated DI-6 and NR1, their resistance to chlorate, and their ability to assimilate...Full Text Available

1980-10-01

Analysis of stability of semiconductor 5-component solid solutions of A"3B"5 compounds

The extent to which the effect of risk factors on cognitive ageing is dependent on APOE b5;4 remains unclear. The objective of this study is to examine whether APOE b5;4 allele modifies...Full Text Available

Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Sm3+-doped LaMgB5O10 and GdMgB5O10

With the use of the regular solutions model the expressions have been derived for calculation of boundaries of spinodal decomposition region as applied to five-component solid solutions of A"3B"5 compounds. The evaluation has been made of fields of stability for Al_x__1Ga_x__2In_1_-_x__1_-_x__2PyAs_1_-_y solid solution.

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Pressure Probe Technique for Measuring Water Relations of Cells in Higher Plants 1

Luminescence and reflection spectra as well as luminescence kinetics of the 1 mol% Sm3+-doped crystalline lanthanum magnesium meta borate (LaMgB5O10) and gadolinium magnesium meta borate (GdMgB5O10) were analyzed. Materials were synthesized by conventional solid state route and showed bright orange-red emission under UV excitation. Emission spectra contain sharp and well resolved Sm3+4G5/2#->#6HJ transitions indicating a strong crystal-field effect. In case of gadolinium compound energy transfer between Gd3+ and Sm3+ was detected. The luminescent kinetics of the Sm3+ in analyzed powders is characterized by single exponential decay and experimental values vary in the range 2.2-2.4 ms. - Research highlights: ? Phosphorescence of samarium-doped lanthanide magnesium meta borates. ? Bright and well resolved orange-red emission of Sm3+ under UV excitation. ? Energy transfer from Gd3+ to Sm3+ in gadolinium ...

2011-07-01

Peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase is not essential for photorespiration in Arabidopsis but its absence causes an increase in the stoichiometry of photorespiratory CO2 release

A new method is described for continuously measuring cell turgor pressure (P), hydraulic conductivity (L_p), and volumetric elastic modulus (b5;) in higher plant cells, using a pressure...Full Text Available

1978-02-01

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Recycling of carbon by the photorespiratory pathway involves enzymatic steps in the chloroplast, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Most of these reactions are essential for plants growing under ambient CO2 concentrations. However, some disruptions of photorespiratory metabolism cause subtle phenotypes in plants grown in air. For example, Arabidopsis thaliana lacking both of the peroxisomal malate dehydrogenase genes (pmdh1pmdh2) or hydroxypyruvate reductase (hpr1) are viable in air and have rates of photosynthesis only slightly lower than wild-type plants. To investigate how disruption of the peroxisomal reduction of hydroxypyruvate to glycerate influences photorespiratory carbon metabolism we analyzed leaf gas exchange in A. thaliana plants lacking peroxisomal HPR1 expression. In addition, b...

2011-01-01

Increased hippocampal quinone reductase 2 in Alzheimer's disease

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Quinone reductase 2 (QR2), a detoxifying cytosolic flavoenzyme, is thought to play an important role in the acquisition and loss of memory [3]. We determined the amount of QR2 in the hippocampus, amygdala, and superior frontal gyrus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with dementia by using western blot analysis. The level of QR2 was significantly higher in the hippocampus of AD patients than in that of the control subjects. The relation between QR2 and AD has not yet been determined; however, our results suggest that the increase in hippocampal QR2 might be a cause of AD or might promote the progression of AD by causing an increase in the toxic quinone levels and consequent loss of cognitive function.

2011-01-01

Identification and characterization of retinoid-active short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases in Drosophila melanogaster

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background In chordates, retinoid metabolism is an important target of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs). It is not known whether SDRs play a role in retinoid metabolism of protostomes, such as Drosophila melanogaster. Methods Drosophila genome was searched for genes encoding proteins with ?50% identity to human retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12). The corresponding proteins were expressed in Sf9 cells and biochemically characterized. Their phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using PHYLIP software. Results A total of six Drosophila SDR genes were identified. Five of these genes are clustered on chromosome 2 and one is located on chromosome X. The deduced proteins are 300 to 406 amino acids long and are associated with microsomal membranes. They recognize all-trans-retinaldehyd...

2009-01-01

Diphenyl diselenide and analogs are substrates of cerebral rat thioredoxin reductase: A pathway for their neuroprotective effects

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isoforms play important roles in cell physiology, protecting cells against oxidative processes. In addition to its endogenous substrates (Trx isoforms), hepatic TrxR can reduce organic selenium compounds such as ebselen and diphenyl diselenide to their selenol intermediates, which can be involved in their hepatoprotective properties. Taking this into account, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypothesis that ebselen, diphenyl diselenide and its analogs (4,4'-bistrifluoromethyldiphenyl diselenide, 4,4'-bismethoxydiphenyl diselenide, 4.4'-biscarboxy-diphenyl diselenide, 4,4'-bischlorodiphenyl diselenide, 2,4,6,2',4',6'-hexamethyldiphenyl diselenide) could be substrates of rat brain TrxR. In the presence of partially purified rat brain TrxR, dipheny...

2011-01-01

Oxygen Inhibition of Nitrate Reductase Biosynthesis in Detached Corn Leaves via Inhibition of Total Soluble Protein Synthesis ¹

Comparison between NO_x Evolution Mechanisms of Wild-Type and nr₁ Mutant Soybean Leaves ¹

Detached first leaves of 3-day-old corn seedlings (Zea mays L. W64AxW183E) were incubated with nitrate in air or 100% O₂ in the light. Nitrate accumulation in the leaves...Full Text Available

1989-11-01

Homology analyses of the protein sequences of fatty acid synthases from chicken liver, rat mammary gland, and yeast

The nr₁ soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) mutant does not contain the two constitutive nitrate reductases, one of which is responsible for enzymic conversion of nitrite to...Full Text Available

1990-05-01

5,10 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genetic polymorphism as a risk factor for neural tube defects

Homology analyses of the protein sequences of chicken liver and rat mammary gland fatty acid synthases were carried out. The amino acid sequences of the chicken and rat enzymes are 67% identical. If conservative substitutions are allowed, 78% of the amino acids are matched. A region of low homologies exists between the functional domains, in particular around amino acid residues 1059-1264 of the chicken enzyme. Homologies between the active sites of chicken and rat and of chicken and yeast enzymes have been analyzed by an alignment method. A high degree of homology exists between the active sites of the chicken and rat enzymes. However, the chicken and yeast enzymes show a lower degree of homology. The DADPH-binding dinucleotide folds of the {beta}-ketoacyl reductase and the enoyl reductase sites were identified by comparison with a known consensus sequence for the DADP- and FAD-binding dinucleotide folds. The active sites of all of the enzymes ...

1989-11-01

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing the alpha-chain subunits of human ia alloantigens.

Persons with a thermolabile form of the enzyme 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) have reduced enzyme activity and increased plasma homocysteine which can be lowered by supplemental folic acid. Thermolability of the enzyme has recently been shown to be caused by a common mutation (677C{sup {r_arrow}}T) in the MTHFR gene. We studied 41 fibroblast cultures from NTD-affected fetuses and compared their genotypes with those of 109 blood specimens from individuals in the general population. 677C{sup {r_arrow}}T homozygosity was associated with a 7.2 fold increased risk for NTDs (95% confidence interval: 1.8-30.3; p value: 0.001). These preliminary data suggest that the 677C{sup {r_arrow}}T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene is a risk factor for spina bifida and anencephaly that may provide a partial biologic explanation for why folic acid prevents these types of NTD. 13 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

1996-06-28

Hypothyroidism in Noninterferon Treated-HCV Infected Individuals Is Associated with Abnormalities in the Regulation of Th17 Cells

Two monoclonal antibodies, TAL-1B5 and TAL-3C3, specific for human Ia alpha-chain subunits have been produced by fusing P3/NSI/1-Ag4-1 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized...Full Text Available

1983-12-01

Highly Ordered Spatial Organization of the Structural Long Noncoding NEAT1 RNAs within Paraspeckle Nuclear Bodies

HCV-Ag-specific TH17 cells secrete IL17, a cytokine involved in autoimmune diseases and regulated by IL10 and TGF-b. 5–12% of patients with chronic HCV infection have hypothyroidism. We evaluated...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

Global optical model potentials for symmetrical lithium systems: "6Li+"6Li, "7Li+"7Li at E_l_a_b = 5-40 MeV

Paraspeckles (PSPs) are nuclear bodies associated with the retention in the nucleus of specific mRNAs. Two isoforms of a long noncoding RNA (NEAT1_v1/Menb5; and NEAT1_v2/Menβ)...Full Text Available

2010-11-15

Reductive metabolism of the dinitrobenzamide mustard anticancer prodrug PR-104 in mice

Angular distributions of "6Li+"6Li elastic scattering were measured for E_l_a_b=5-40 MeV. An optical model analysis of these data together with older data of "7Li+"7Li elastic scattering taken at E_l_a_b = 8-17 MeV was performed with the aim to search for a ''global'' OM potential which describes elastic scattering in both Li-Li systems in a broad energy range. Both surface and volume absorbing potentials can be found which fulfill this requirement if a linear energy dependence is assumed of the depths of the real as well as the imaginary potential. These depths, if fitted to individual angular distributions, are found to vary in a correlated manner with the beam energy. This is taken as indication of strong coupling between elastic, inelastic, and reaction channels. This is corroborated by the existence of resonances in reaction channels at these energies where the potential depths are most pronouncedly changing. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose PR-104, a bioreductive prodrug in clinical trial, is a phosphate ester which is rapidly metabolized to the corresponding alcohol PR-104A. This dinitrobenzamide mustard is activated by reduction to hydroxylamine (PR-104H) and amine (PR-104M) metabolites selectively in hypoxic cells, and also independently of hypoxia by aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C3 in some tumors. Here, we evaluate reductive metabolism of PR-104A in mice and its significance for host toxicity. Methods The pharmacokinetics of PR-104, PR-104A and its reduced metabolites were investigated in plasma and tissues of mice (with and without SiHa or H460 tumor xenografts) and effects of potential oxidoreductase inhibitors were evaluated. Results Pharmacokinetic studies identified extensive non-tumor reduction of PR-104A to t...

2011-01-01

Phytoremediation potential of Portulaca grandiflora Hook. (Moss-Rose) in degrading a sulfonated diazo reactive dye Navy Blue HE2R (Reactive Blue 172)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Wild and tissue cultured plants of Portulaca grandiflora Hook. have shown to be able to decolorize a sulfonated diazo dye Navy Blue HE2R (NBHE2R) up to 98% in 40h. A significant induction in the activities of lignin peroxidase, tyrosinase and DCIP reductase was observed in the roots during dye decolorization. The wild plants and tissue cultures could independently decolorize and degrade NBHE2R into metabolites viz. N-benzylacetamide and 6-diazenyl-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid. A dye mixture and a textile effluent were also decolorized efficiently by P. grandiflora. The phytotoxicity study revealed reduction in the toxicity due to metabolites formed after dye degradation.

2011-01-01

Mechanisms of Reproductive Thermotolerance in Gossypium hirsutum: The Effect of Genotype and Exogenous Calcium Application

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Although photosynthetic thermotolerance has been investigated extensively in cotton leaves, reports on the biochemical influence of the pistil in promoting fertilization thermostability are limited. To evaluate the effect of temperature, genotype, and exogenous calcium application on fertilization and pistil biochemistry in cotton, thermosensitive (cv. ST4554 B2RF) and thermotolerant (cv. VH260) plants were grown under control (30/20-C) or high-temperature (38/20-C) conditions during flowering, and exogenous CaCl2 was applied to flowers 1-day prior to anthesis. Measured pistil parameters included fertilization efficiency; protein concentration; glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NADPH oxidase activities; and ATP and calcium levels. Exogenous calcium had no effec...

2011-01-01

Changes in Energy Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense Systems During Seed Germination of the Weed Species Ipomoea triloba L. and the Responses to Allelochemicals

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The relationships between changes in energy metabolism and the antioxidant defense system in the weed species Ipomoea triloba L. during seed germination and early seedling growth were investigated. The effects of some common allelochemicals on these parameters also were studied. Respiratory activity and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaicol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and lipoxygenase were measured. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation resumed shortly after the seed imbibition period, as indicated by considerable KCN-sensitive respiratory activity in embryos of I. triloba. The occurrence of superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaicol peroxidase, and lipoxygenase activities in the embryos, along with significant KCN-inse...

2011-01-01

Structures of trihydroxynaphthalene reductase-fungicide complexes: implications for structure-based design and catalysis

Evolution of nitrogen oxide(s) during in vivo nitrate reductase assay of soybean leaves

Trihydroxynaphthalene reductase catalyzes two intermediate steps in the fungal melanin biosynthetic pathway. The enzyme, a typical short-chain dehydrogenase, is the biochemical target of three commercial fungicides. The fungicides bind preferentially to the NADPH form of the enzyme. Three X-ray structures of the Magnaporthe grisea enzyme complexed with NADPH and two commercial and one experimental fungicide were determined at 1.7 {angstrom} (pyroquilon), 2.0 {angstrom} (2,3-dihydro-4-nitro-1H-inden-1-one, 1), and 2.1 {angstrom} (phthalide) resolutions. The chemically distinct inhibitors occupy similar space within the enzyme's active site. The three inhibitors share hydrogen bonds with the side chain hydroxyls of Ser-164 and Tyr-178 via a carbonyl oxygen (pyroquilon and 1) or via a carbonyl oxygen and a ring oxygen (phthalide). Active site residues occupy similar positions among the three structures. A buried water molecule that is hydrogen bonded to the ...

2010-03-08

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Mouse Germ Cells

Studies were conducted to quantitate the evolution of nitrogen oxides (NO/sub (x)/) from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) leaves during in vivo nitrate reductase (NR) assays with aerobic and anaerobic gas purging. Anaerobic gas purging (N/sub 2/ and argon) consistently resulted in greater NO/sub (x)/ evolution than did aerobic gas purging (air and O/sub 2/). The evolution of NO/sub (x)/ was dependent on gas flow rate and on NO/sub 2//sup -/ formation in the assay medium; although a threshold level of NO/sub 2//sup -/ appeared to exist beyond which the rate of NO/sub (x)/ evolution did not increase further. The loss of NO/sub (x)/ from in vivo NR assays under gas purging explains partially, but not stoichiometrically, the decrease of NO/sub 2//sup -/ accumulation in in vivo NR assay medium with young soybean leaves. The lack of stoichiometry between NO/sub (x)/ evolution and apparent NO/sub 2//sup -/ loss suggests that other mechanisms are also involved in loss of ...

1981-12-01

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In mammals, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are generated in the extra-embryonic epiblast, and thereafter migrate into the developing gonads. Following the development of the gonads to the testes or ovaries, germ cells mature into sperms or eggs. In the present study, we report production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) that recognize PGCs. Extracts from E12.5 mouse embryonic gonads were immunized as an antigen, and hybridomas were generated using the rat medial iliac lymph node method. The hybridoma supernatants were screened by immunohistochemical analyses of E12.5 mouse embryonic sections. The antibody, referred to herein as MAb 5B5, provided strong signals on PGCs. Moreover, immunofluorescence analyses using a variety of the tissue sections of mouse embryos revealed th...

2010-01-01

Formation of defects in epitaxial heterostructures and multicomponent solid solutions of semiconductor compounds

Analysis of deteriorating processes in primary circuit facilities and determination of their priorities and relevance to the lifetime of the main primary circuit components

The authors discuss several aspects of defect formation in epitax heterostructures based on solid solutions of A"3B"5 semiconductor compounds; these heterstructures were prepared by liquid phase epitaxy by cooling suitable high-temperature solutions from the initial growth temperature. An analysis shows that the regions near heterojunctions are regions of increased defect density even in compositions based on Al /SUB x/ Ga /SUB 1-x/ As-GaAs, Al /SUB x/ Ga /SUB 1-x/ P-GaP, Al /SUB x/ Ga /SUB 1-x/ Sb-GaSb, where the differences in lattice parameters of the contacting materials are a minimum.

Hydroxyl radical formation by UV-irradiated epidermal cells

The major degradation mechanisms acting during the aging of selected WWER-440/213 primary circuit facilities were assessed critically. The analysis gave evidence that such mechanisms include radiation and fatigue damage of the reactor pressure vessel (effect of the neutron flow, cyclic fatigue promoted by the corrosive medium, effect of thermal aging), corrosion-mechanical and thermo-mechanical (fatigue) damage of the steam generator (stress corrosion cracking, erosion corrosion, thermal aging, wear), thermal and dynamic aging of the pressurizer, and corrosion-mechanical damage of the primary circuit piping (thermal aging, corrosion). (J.B.). 5 tabs., 1 fig., 62 refs.

Evidence of minimal methanogenic numbers and activity in sediments collected from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well

To elucidate the mechanism of sunlight-induced skin damage, guinea pigs exposed to UV light (280-320 nm, UV B, 4J/cm"2) and a homogenate of the epidermis was examined by means of the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. Three hours after the exposure, TBA-malondialdehyde adducts had increased while glutathione reductase activity had decreased, indicating lipid peroxidation. To detect the initial species, spin trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was applied to a suspension of illuminated epidermal cells (0.5 J/cm"2). An ESR signal obtained only with irradiation comprised a 1 : 2 : 2 : 1 quartet [a (N) =a (#beta#H) =1.49 mT] attributable to a spin adduct of hydroxyl radicals. These results suggest that sunlight exposure of skin may lead to hydroxyl radical generation and simultaneous lipid peroxidation. (author).

Effect of pentachlorophenol on the activation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene to genotoxic urinary metabolites in CD-1 mice: A comparison of G1 enzyme activities and urine mutagenicity

Gene analysis was used to determined the presence, abundance and phylogenetic affiliation of methanogens that exist in gas-hydrate-bearing sediment samples obtained from 23 drill cores from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate research well. Rates of methane production were examined using sediment-inoculated enrichments containing {sup 14}C-labeled carbon substrates, carbon dioxide and acetate. Archaeal 16S rDNA was only detected in 6 of the samples, resulting in 8 sequences with relationships to the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group (7 clones) and the Subsurface Euryarchaeotic Group (1 clone). The single Euryarchaeota sequence did not appear to be related to methanogens. Subsamples from the cores showed variable results upon DNA extraction and amplification. Methanogenic Coenzyme M (CoM) was detected in 13 of the 20 cores, but methanogenic methyl CoM reductase genes were not amplified from the samples when using a sensitive quantitative polymerase ...

2005-07-01

The crystal structure of the novel ternary silicide Sm_4Pd_4Si_3

2,6-Dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) are used for industrial purposes and are found in the environment as hazardous contaminants. Because concurrent exposure to both compounds can occur, it is of interest to determine if organochlorine compounds potentiate the effect of nitroaromatic chemicals. A significant increase in mutagenicity was observed in urines from mice treated with 2,6-DNT alone and in combination with PCP. By week 4, mice that received both 2,6-DNT and PCP excreted urine that was more mutagenic than that from animals which received only 2,6-DNT. At weeks 2 and 4, mice were sacrificed and intestinal enzyme activities (nitroreductase, azo reductase, {beta}-glucuronidase, dechlorinase, and dehydrochlorinase) were quantitated. The enhanced genotoxicity observed in urines from 2,6-DNT/PCP-treated mice coincided with a decrease in nitroreductase and an increase in {beta}-glucuronidase activities in the small intestine.

1991-01-01

The Orbit of the Eclipsing X-ray Pulsar EXO 1722-363

The crystal structure of the compound Sm_4Pd_4Si_3 was determined by the single-crystal method (KM-4 automatic diffractometer, Mo K#alpha# radiation). Sm_4Pd_4Si_3 has the monoclinic Nd_4Rh_4Ge_3 type structure: space group C2/c, mC44 (No. 15), a=20.693(6), b=5.584(1), c=7.699(2) A, #beta#=109.48(3) , V=838 A"3, Z=4, #mu#=36.23 mm"-"1, R_F=0.0537, R_W=0.0435 for 1652 unique reflections. The coordination numbers of samarium atoms are 17 and 18. For palladium and silicon atoms icosahedra and trigonal prisms with additional atoms are typical as coordination polyhedra. The structure of Sm_4Pd_4Si_3 is composed of fragments of the YPd_2Si and Y_3Rh_2Si_2 structure in a ratio 1:1. (orig.).

CERN Document Server

With recent and archival Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) X-ray measurements of the heavily obscured X-ray pulsar EXO 1722-363 (IGR J17252-3616), we carried out a pulse timing analysis to determine the orbital solution for the first time. The binary system is characterized by a_x sin(i) = 101 +/- 3 lt-s and P_orb = 9.7403 +/- 0.0004 days (90% confidence), with the precision of the orbital period being obtained by connecting datasets separated by more than 7 years (272 orbital cycles). The orbit is consistent with circular, and e 61 degrees at the 99% confidence level, the radius of the primary is between 21 R_sun and 37 R_sun, and its mass is less than about 22 M_sun. The acceptable range of radius and mass shows that the primary is probably a supergiant of spectral type B0I-B5I. Photometric measurements of its likely counterpart are consistent with the spectral type and luminosity if the distance to the system is between 5.3 kpc and 8.7 ...

2006-01-01

Vascular filtration function in galactose-fed versus diabetic rats: The role of polyol pathway activity

Isoprenylation is required for the processing of the lamin A precursor

These studies were undertaken to assess the effects of increased galactose (v increased glucose) metabolism via the polyol pathway on vascular filtration function in the kidneys, eyes, nerves, and aorta. Quantitative radiolabeled tracer techniques were used to assess glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and regional tissue vascular clearance of plasma 131I-bovine serum albumin (BSA) in five groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats: nondiabetic controls, streptozotocin-diabetic rats, nondiabetic rats fed a 50% galactose diet, diabetic rats treated with sorbinil (an aldose reductase inhibitor), and galactose-fed rats treated with sorbinil. Sorbinil was added to the diet to provide a daily dose of approximately .2 mmol/kg body weight. After 2 months of diabetes or galactose ingestion, albumin clearance was increased twofold to fourfold in the eye (anterior uvea, choroid, and retina), sciatic nerve, aorta, and kidney; GFR was increased approximately twofold and urinary excretion ...

1990-07-01

Induction of biotransformation in the liver of Eel (Anguilla anguilla L. ) by sublethal exposure to dinitro-o-cresol: An ultrastructural and biochemical study

The nuclear lamina proteins, prelamin A, lamin B, and a 70-kD lamina-associated protein, are posttranslationally modified by a metabolite derived from mevalonate. This modification can be inhibited by treatment with (3-R,S)-3-fluoromevalonate, demonstrating that it is isoprenoid in nature. We have examined the association between isoprenoid metabolism and processing of the lamin A precursor in human and hamster cells. Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by mevinolin (lovastatin) specifically depletes endogenous isoprenoid pools and inhibits the conversion of prelamin A to lamin A. Prelamin A processing is also blocked by mevalonate starvation of Mev-1, a CHO cell line auxotrophic for mevalonate. Moreover, inhibition of prelamin A processing by mevinolin treatment is rapidly reversed by the addition of exogenous mevalonate. Processing of prelamin A is, therefore, dependent on isoprenoid metabolism. Analysis of the conversion of prelamin A ...

1990-05-01

Extracellular Protein Disulfide Isomerase Regulates Feedback Activation of Platelet Thrombin Generation Via Modulation of Coagulation Factor Binding.

Structural and functional alterations in hepatocytes of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, following a 4-week-exposure to 5, 50, and 250 micrograms/liter dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) were investigated by means of electron microscopy and biochemistry and compared to liver pathology in eels exposed to the chemical spill into the Rhine river at Basle in November 1986. Whereas phenological parameters (growth, condition factor) are unaffected, ultrastructural and biochemical alterations are detectable at greater than or equal to 50 and 5 micrograms/liter DNOC, respectively. Structural modifications include: rounding-up of the nuclei; fractionation and reduction of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), mitochondria, peroxisomes, and lysosomes; bundles of rod-shaped SER profiles; annulate lamellae; membrane whorls within mitochondria; crystallization of the peroxisomal matrix and glycogen bodies; glycogen depletion and lipid augmentation. ...

1991-04-01

Chronic treatment with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) during pregnancy and lactation in the rat

Background: Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) controls platelet integrin function, tissue-factor (TF) activation, and concentrates at fibrin and thrombus formation sites of vascular injury. Objective: We investigated involvement of surface thiol isomerases and especially PDI, in thrombin-mediated thrombin amplification on human platelets. Methods/Results: Using a new developed thrombin-dependent platelet thrombin generation assay we observed that the feedback activation of thrombin generation on the platelet surface does not depend on TF, as anti-TF antibodies inhibiting TF-induced thrombin formation in platelet-depleted plasma had no effect compared to vehicle-treated controls. Feedback activation of thrombin generation in the presence of platelets was significantly diminished by membrane impermeant thiol blockers or by the thiol isomerase-inhibitors bacitracin and anti-PDI antibody RL90, respectively. Platelet thrombin formation depends on binding of coagulation factors to the ...

2011-09-19

Characterization of neurotoxic effects of NMDA and the novel neuroprotection by phytopolyphenols in mice.

The gender-specific expression pattern of aromatase and 5alpha-reductases (5alpha-R) during brain development provides neurons the right amount of estradiol and DHT to induce a dimorphic organization of the structure. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are endocrine disruptive pollutants; exposure to PCBs through placental transfer and breast-feeding may adversely affect the organizational action of sex steroid, resulting in long-term alteration of reproductive neuroendocrinology. The study was aimed at: a) evaluating the hypothalamic expression of aromatase, 5alpha-R1 and 5alpha-R2 in fetuses (GD20), infant (PN12), weaning (PN21) and young adult (PN60) male and female rats exposed to PCBs during development; b) correlating these parameters with the time of testicular descent, puberty onset, estrous cyclicity and copulatory behavior; c) evaluating possible alterations of some non reproductive behaviors (locomotion, learning and memory, depression/anxiety behavior). A ...

2009-08-15

Biosynthesis of sucrose and mannitol as a function of leaf age in celery (Apium graveolens L. )

Excitotoxicity plays a major role in various neurological disorders. In this study, we explored the behavioral and neurotoxic effects of intraventricular NMDA administration in mice. After NMDA injection, acute seizures were followed by impairments in locomotor activity, motor performance on a rotarod, and climbing ability. Mice killed 1 day after NMDA administration showed increased synaptosomal reactive oxygen species ROS production and calcium concentration and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial reductase activities, and neuronal membrane Na+, K+ -ATPase and mg2+ -ATPase activities. One and 3 days after excitotoxic injury, Golgi stains showed that dendritic length and spine density were significantly decreased in neurons of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Some mice received honokiol, tea polyphenol plus memantine, and honokiol plus memantine prior to NMDA treatment; the occurrence of generalized seizures was attenuated, seizure scores were ...

2010-08-01

Protective role of selenium against renal toxicity induced by cadmium in rats

In celery (Apium graveolens L.), the two major translocated carbohydrates are sucrose and the acyclic polyol mannitol. Their metabolism, however, is different and their specific functions are uncertain. To compare their roles in carbon partitioning and sink-source transitions, developmental changes in /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ labeling, pool sizes, and key enzyme activities in leaf tissues were examined. The proportion of label in mannitol increased dramatically with leaf maturation whereas that in sucrose remained fairly constant. Mannitol content, however, was high in all leaves and sucrose content increased as leaves developed. Activities of mannose-6-P reductase, cytoplasmic and chloroplastic fructose-1,6-bis-phosphatases, sucrose phosphate synthase, and sucrose synthase increased with leaf maturation and decreased as leaves senesced. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and nonreversible glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase activities rose as leaves developed but did not ...

1988-01-01

Morphological survey of bar, lens, and ring components in galaxies: Secular evolution in galaxy structure

Cadmium is an environmental toxic metal implicated in human diseases. The mechanism of its toxicity is not fully understood. Therefore, the role of cadmium in renal toxicity, and the protective role of selenium against this toxicity were investigated. Forty-five male rats were used through out the study and divided into three groups of 15. The first group received saline solution daily for 10 days. The second group, received cadmium chloride (CdCl_2) (2 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally daily for a period of 10 days. The third group, received sodium selenite (1 mg/kg body weight, twice a day) and CdCl_2 (once a day) for a period of 10 days. The results showed that cadmium treatment increased renal lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde, MDA) which was associated with a significant decrease in the antioxidant systems such as reduced glutathione levels and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). On the other hand, ...

2007-06-25

Genetic analysis of carbon isotope discrimination and its relation to yield in a wheat doubled haploid population.

A morphological survey of barred galaxies is made to investigate the frequency of occurrence, nature, and size distributions of bars, lenses, inner and outer rings, and global spiral structure. The 121 brightest available barred galaxies are examined on Sky Survey copy plates, and on deeper and larger-scale plates, with the following main results.1. Lenses and inner rings are components of major importance in barred galaxies, occurring, respectively, in 54% of SBO--SBa, and 76% of SBab--SBc galaxies. Few early-type galaxies have rings; almost no late-type ones have lenses.2. There is an intimate connection between bars and lenses: in 17 of 20 galaxies with both components, the bar exactly fills the lens in one dimension.3. We suggest that lenses originate as bars, through an unknown process which makes some bars evolve away to a nearly axisymmetric state. Several properties of the proposed process are deduced. We emphasize the possible importance of internal processes of secular ...

Direct digital radiography vs conventional radiography of thoracic spine: a comparative study

Carbon isotope discrimination (?(13) C) is considered a useful indicator for indirect selection of grain yield (GY) in cereals. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the genetic variation in ?(13) C and its relationship with GY. A doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross of two common wheat varieties, Hanxuan 10 (H10) and Lumai 14 (L14), was phenotyped for ?(13) C in the flag leaf, GY and yield associated traits in two trials contrasted by water availability, specifically, rain-fed and irrigated. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified by single locus and two locus QTL analyses. QTLs for ?(13) C were located on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3B, 5A, 7A and 7B, and QTLs for other traits on all chromosomes except 1A, 4D, 5A, 5B and 6D. The population selected for high ?(13) C had an increased frequency of QTL for high ?(13) C, GY and number of spikes per plant (NSP) when grown under rain-fed conditions and only for high ?(13) C and NSP ...

2011-09-01

Phytoremediation of Ionic and Methyl Mercury P

Objective: An evaluation of the application of DR in thoracic spine and a comparative study of the DR with the conventional radiography. Methods: DR images and the conventional radiogram of 89 cases respectively were evaluated by 3 vice-consultant doctors and 2 chief technicians. Statistics was processed with 2 categories: (1) images were classified into grade A, B, C and condemned according to the image quality; and (2) thoracic spine are divided into upper, middle and lower portions, in which the rate of successful imaging were compared respectively. Results: The image quality of DR: 74. 1% images in grade A, 20.2% in grade B, 5.7% in grade C, and no image condemned. Conventional radiogram: 45% images in grade A, 41.6% in grade B, 11.2% in grade C, and 2.2% images condemned. The successful imaging rate in each portion: DR films 87.6% in upper thoracic spine, 100% in middle portion, and 76.4% in lower portion with DR. While the rate was 15.3% ...

2005-09-01

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Spectroscopic studies on weak intermolecular interactions of fluoranthene derivatives with benzene or ethanol in cyclohexane

Our long-term goal is to enable highly productive plant species to extract, resist, detoxify, and/or sequester toxic heavy metal pollutants as an environmentally friendly alternative to physical remediation methods. We have focused this phytoremediation research on soil and water-borne ionic and methylmercury. Mercury pollution is a serious world-wide problem affecting the health of human and wild-life populations. Methylmercury, produced by native bacteria at mercury-contaminated wetland sites, is a particularly serious problem due to its extreme toxicity and efficient biomagnification in the food chain. We engineered several plant species (e.g., Arabidopsis, tobacco, canola, yellow poplar, rice) to express the bacterial genes, merB and/or merA, under the control of plant regulatory sequences. These transgenic plants acquired remarkable properties for mercury remediation. (1) Transgenic plants expressing merB (organomercury lyase) extract methylmercury from their growth substrate and ...

1999-06-01

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