magnetic memory experiments: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

Magnetic Levitation of MC3T3 Osteoblast Cells as a Ground-Based Simulation of Microgravity

Nov 13, 2006 ... Indicator Experiment (TIE) consists of a wideband sensor to gather radar, ... November 10 at Shore Memorial. Hospital in Nassawadox, Va. ...

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Uncovering camouflage: amygdala activation predicts long-term memory of induced perceptual insight.

Diamagnetic samples placed in a strong magnetic field and a magnetic field gradient experience a magnetic force. Stable magnetic levitation occurs when the magnetic force exactly counter balances...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

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Magnetic domains in martensite of Ni-Mg-Ga alloy

What brain mechanisms underlie learning of new knowledge from single events? We studied encoding in long-term memory of a unique type of one-shot experience, induced perceptual insight. While undergoing an fMRI brain scan, participants viewed degraded images of real-world pictures where the underlying objects were hard to recognize ("camouflage"), followed by brief exposures to the original images ("solution"), which led to induced insight ("Aha!"). A week later, the participants' memory was tested; a solution image was classified as "remembered" if detailed perceptual knowledge was elicited from the camouflage image alone. During encoding, subsequently remembered images were associated with higher activity in midlevel visual cortex and medial frontal cortex, but most pronouncedly, in the amygdala, whose activity could be used to predict which solutions will remain in long-term memory. Our findings ...

2011-03-10

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Sequence Reactivation in the Hippocampus is Impaired in Aged Rats

The structural changes attendant on intermartensitic transformation in a Ni-Mg-Ga shape memory alloy are considered using magneto-optical visualization with the help of ferrite-garnet monocrystalline films. It is established that on the intermartensitic transformation the complete reorganization of martensite macrostructure fails. Martensite crystals resulted from the basic transformation change somewhat their sizes on intermartensitic transition. The existence of large-scale labyrinth magnetic domain structure is revealed

2006-05-01

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Early auditory experience generates long-lasting memories that may subserve vocal learning in songbirds

The hippocampus is thought to coordinate memory consolidation by reactivating traces from behavioral experience when the brain is not actively processing new input. In fact, during slow-wave...Full Text Available

2008-07-30

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Effects of Scutellaria baicalensis on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced memory impairments and chronic lipopolysaccharide infusion-induced memory impairments

In both humans and songbirds, infants learn vocalizations by imitating the sounds of adult tutors with whom they interact during an early sensitive period. Vocal learning occurs in few animal taxa;...Full Text Available

2006-01-24

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Extracts of the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae) have been widely used to relieve fever related to bacterial infection and inflammatory diseases in traditional Korean medicine and have been reported to be effective in brain diseases. These experiments were conducted to examine the effects of oral administration of Scutellaria baicalensis extracts on the rescue of memory impairments induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion or chronic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of these effects were investigated. Materials and methods: In the first experiment, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was induced in male Wister rats by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo). Daily administration of Scutellaria b...

2011-01-01

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The brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism is associated with reduced functional magnetic resonance imaging activity in the hippocampus and increased use of caudate nucleus-dependent strategies in a human virtual navigation task

Photochromes for Optical Memory

Multiple memory systems are involved in parallel processing of spatial information during navigation. A series of studies have distinguished between hippocampus-dependent ‘spatial’ navigation,...Full Text Available

2011-03-01

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International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Photochromes for New Generation of Highly Efficient Computers with Three Dimensional (3D) Optical Memory

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Clinical and laboratory experience of vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid) in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Magnetization reversal phenomena and domain wall behaviours in nanostructured magnetic systems

The most common cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) – mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary Syndrome – are characterised by the presence of clonally expanded, skin-homing helper-memory...Full Text Available

2006-12-01

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PLZT spatial light modulator for a 1-D hologram memory.

Several recent experiments on micro- (or nano-) structured samples of ferromagnetic materials are introduced. Magnetization reversal phenomena are investigated on submicron wire samples of trilayer structure using the giant magnetoresistance effect. Domain wall movements are sensitively monitored by resistivity measurements and the velocity of propagation is determined. The contribution of domain wall to the resistivity is argued from the results on artificially designed samples of a spring-magnet system. In circular dots of permalloy, the existence of vortex magnetization is confirmed and the reversal of the vortex core magnetization is studied from magnetic force microscopy measurements. (author)

2001-09-23

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Effect of Radiation Exposure on the Retention of Commercial NAND Flash Memory

A 100-bit slitlike aperture array spatial light modulator has been developed using 8.8/65/35 PLZT for a high-bit-density 1-D hologram memory. The most desirable characteristics, such as distortion-free diffraction-limited Fourier transform patterns and good uniformity of displayed bit patterns over 100 bits, have been realized. The lowest SNR was 86, and rise time and fall time have been 30 microsec and 8 microsec, respectively, at 190-V halfwave voltage. One-dimensional holographic storage experiments have been successfully performed using this PLZT spatial light modulator. PMID:20216813

1980-01-01

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Neutron magnetic scattering studies on ferromagnetism in potassium nanoclusters arrayed in zeolite A-Trial experiments

We have compared the data retention of irradiated commercial NAND flash memories with that of

2011-01-01

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Neutron magnetic scattering studies on ferromagnetism in potassium nanoclusters arrayed in zeolite A-Trial experiments

Potassium clusters arrayed in zeolite A are known to show ferromagnetic properties at low temperature. The origin of the spontaneous magnetization has been explained by a model of spin-canting in an antiferromagnetically ordered state. The direct information for the magnetic structure, however, has not been obtained so far. In the present work, we measure the neutron powder diffraction by using pulsed neutron source at KEK-KENS below and above the Curie temperature. No significant temperature-dependence was, however, obtained within the statistical errors, namely, magnetic scattering could not be detected separately. We also estimate the intensity of magnetic scattering by assuming some possible magnetic structures with considering the magnetic form factor of the cluster wave function. The intensity of magnetic scattering is estimated to be ...

2009-02-21

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Tunneling magnetoresistance from a symmetry filtering effect

Potassium clusters arrayed in zeolite A are known to show ferromagnetic properties at low temperature. The origin of the spontaneous magnetization has been explained by a model of spin-canting in an antiferromagnetically ordered state. The direct information for the magnetic structure, however, has not been obtained so far. In the present work, we measure the neutron powder diffraction by using pulsed neutron source at KEK-KENS below and above the Curie temperature. No significant temperature-dependence was, however, obtained within the statistical errors, namely, magnetic scattering could not be detected separately. We also estimate the intensity of magnetic scattering by assuming some possible magnetic structures with considering the magnetic form factor of the cluster wave function. The intensity of magnetic scattering is estimated to be ...

2009-02-21

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Supersaturation of antiferromagnetically coupled multilayers: A comparative polarised neutron reflectometry study

This paper provides a brief overview of the young, but rapidly growing field of spintronics. Its primary objective is to explain how as electrons tunnel through simple insulators such as MgO, wavefunctions of certain symmetries are preferentially transmitted. This symmetry filtering property can be converted into a spin-filtering property if the insulator is joined epitaxially to a ferromagnetic electrode with the same two-dimensional symmetry parallel to the interface. A second requirement of the ferromagnetic electrodes is that a wavefunction with the preferred symmetry exists in one of the two spin channels but not in the other. These requirements are satisfied for electrons traveling perpendicular to the interface for Fe-MgO-Fe tunnel barriers. This leads to a large change in the resistance when the magnetic moment of one of the electrodes is rotated relative to those of the other electrode. This large tunneling magnetoresistance effect is being used as the ...

2008-04-01

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FELIX Experiments: Measurements of Electromagnetic Effects.

Reflectometric methods like polarised neutron reflectometry (PNR) and synchrotron Moessbauer reflectometry (SMR) are capable of investigating the plane-perpendicular and lateral magnetic structure of multilayers (MLs). Previously, a variety of domain formation and transformation phenomena was found and systematically studied in a Fe/Cr ML of strong antiferromagnetic coupling by PNR and SMR. Growth of the primary domains on passing the bulk-spin-flop transition was established. The domains were found to revert to their native state only in a field considerably higher than the apparent saturation field, a phenomenon referred to as the supersaturation domain memory effect (SDME). We present a comparative PNR study of two antiferromagnetically coupled Fe/Cr MLs with different magnetisation curves. We show that the distribution of the layer-layer coupling rather than the magnetic structure of the Cr spacer layer is responsible ...

2007-07-15

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Refrigerator operating experience on whole body MRI magnet systems

Three major series of experiments have been conducted with the FELIX facility at ANL. Experiments on the coupling between eddy currents and angular displacements of loops and plates in crossed constant and changing magnetic fields demonstrated that the co...

1985-01-01

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Progress on the Design and Fabrication of the MICE Focusing Magnets

Several refrigerators for liquid helium and liquid nitrogen systems have been integrated successfully into IGC manufactured whole body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) magnet systems. The refrigerators have been tested in systems with magnetic fields of 0.6T to 1.5T. Tests were performed to study the effectiveness of the refrigerators, the magnetic field effects on the refrigerators, the effect of the refrigerators on the field uniformity and magnetic resonance image quality. The interface between the refrigerator and the whole body MRI magnet system cryostat was specifically designed to allow retrofit to the existing IGC magnet systems, while ensuring good heat transfer characteristics and good vibration isolation from the cryostat. The interface between the refrigerator and the cryostat and the refrigerator test results are presented.

1985-08-01

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Spin-resolved magnetic studies of focused ion beam etched nano-sized magnetic structures

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) focusing solenoid magnets focus the muon beam within the MICE cooling channel on a liquid or solid absorber that is within the warm bore of solenoid. The focusing magnet has a warm bore of 470 mm. his magnet consists of two coils 210-mm long that is separated by an aluminum mandrel that is 200 mm long. Each of the coils has its own leads. The coils may be operated in either the non-flip mode (solenoid mode with both coils at the same polarity) or the lip mode (quadrupole focusing mode where both coils are at opposite polarity). This report describes the focusing solenoid magnet design that will be built by the vendor. The progress on the construction of the first of the focusing magnets will also be discussed in this report. Ultimately three of these magnets will be built. These ...

2009-10-19

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Preliminary Calculations of the Radiation Damage of the Permanent Magnets for TRADE (TRiga Accelerator Driven Experiment)

Scanning ion microscopy with polarization analysis (SIMPA) is used to study the spin-resolved surface magnetic structure of nano-sized magnetic systems. SIMPA is utilized for in situ topographic and spin-resolved magnetic domain imaging as well as for focused ion beam (FIB) etching of desired structures in magnetic or non-magnetic systems. Ultra-thin Co films are deposited on surfaces of Si(1 0 0) substrates, and ultra-thin, tri-layered, bct Fe(1 0 0)/Mn/bct Fe(1 0 0) wedged magnetic structures are deposited on fcc Pd(1 0 0) substrates. SIMPA experiments clearly show that ion-induced electrons emitted from magnetic surfaces exhibit non-zero electron spin polarization (ESP), whereas electrons emitted from non-magnetic surfaces such as Si and Pd exhibit zero ESP, which can be used to calibrate ...

2005-04-01

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Magnetic response of ultrathin Fe on MgO: A polarized neutron reflectometry study

Monte Carlo calculations of proton irradiation of permanent magnets for the TRADE experiment have been performed. An irradiation dose of about 4´106 Gy/yr/mA has been estimated due to beam losses in normal operating conditions. Existing experimental results indicate that this irradiation level may induce a considerable demagnetization: in fact, a dose of 6´107 Gy induces a remanence loss of 0.3 % on samples of Sm2Co17 magnets, which are the most resistant type. More detailed calculations with the final design of the magnets and of the beam line are suggested, to determine if the irradiation levels allowed a reliable operation of the permanent magnets for the entire duration of the TRADE experiment. Damage and gas production rates have also been calculated; the values obtained are very low, thus confirming that the demagnetization process is in great part ...

2002-01-01

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Structural Phase Transition in AuZn Alloys

The magnetization of ultrathin bcc Fe films (two and three monolayers) on MgO was measured and compared with the behavior predicted for a two-dimensional ferromagnet. The experiment indicated that no hysteresis was present in the magnetization. Instead, the magnetization at low temperature was affected by a marked field cooling effect. These observations lead to the conclusion that films of Fe on MgO of such thickness exhibit superparamagnetic behavior as if they were not entirely continuous. In contrast, films thicker than five monolayers exhibit a magnetic response close to that of bulk iron.

1994-11-15

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In-situ study of the dendritic growth in lithium/polymer electrolyte-salt/lithium cells; Etude in-situ de la croissance dendritique dans des cellules lithium/POE-sel/lithium

AuxZn1-x alloys undergo a shape memory martensitic transformation whose temperature and nature (continuous or discontinuous) is strongly composition dependent. Neutron diffraction experiments were performed on single crystals of x=50 and 52 to explore the structural changes occurring at the transition temperature. A transverse modulation with wavevector q0=(1/3,1/3,0) develops below the transition temperature, with no observable change in lattice parameter. However, the Bragg peak width shows a broadening suggesting an unresolved rhombohedral distortion similar to what has been observed in NiTi-Fe alloys.

2009-05-03

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Programmable radionuclide X-ray fluorescence multi-channel spectrometric analyzer, type 123-1

The in-situ observation of dendritic growth in lithium/polymer electrolyte-LiTFSI/lithium battery cells shows that dendrites grow up with about the same rate as anion migration. Memory effects have been evidenced in cycling experiments and limit the dendrites length. An overall movement of the electrolyte due to variations of electrolyte concentration in the vicinity of the electrodes has been observed too. (J.S.) 13 refs.

1996-12-31

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Parallelization of the FLAPW method

The whole equipment consists of three separate portable parts: a detector case, a microprocessor and a graphic TV monitor. Magnetic tape memory and an x-y recorder can be connected for recording the measured spectra. The analyzer contains two built-in exchangeable excitation radionuclides. Fluorescence and scattered radiation is detected using a proportional detector. The detected pulses are analyzed by a 256-channel analyzer and the results are shown on the display. The device may be used in mining laboratories, coal and ore dressing plant control rooms or in mining fields of open cast mines for quick detection of the quality of mined or dressed raw materials. (E.S.). 1 fig.

1988-01-01

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Parietal Cortex and Episodic Memory: An Attentional Account

The FLAPW (full-potential linearized-augmented plane-wave) method is one of the most accurate first-principles methods for determining electronic and magnetic properties of crystals and surfaces. Until the present work, the FLAPW method has been limited to systems of less than about one hundred atoms due to a lack of an efficient parallel implementation to exploit the power and memory of parallel computers. In this work we present an efficient parallelization of the method by division among the processors of the plane-wave components for each state. The code is also optimized for RISC (reduced instruction set computer) architectures, such as those found on most parallel computers, making full use of BLAS (basic linear algebra subprograms) wherever possible. Scaling results are presented for systems of up to 686 silicon atoms and 343 palladium atoms per unit cell, running on up to 512 processors on a CRAY T3E parallel computer.

1999-12-01

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Memory effect in air in the presence of vacuum breakdown mechanism

The contribution of the parietal cortex to episodic memory is a fascinating scientific puzzle. On one hand, parietal lesions do not normally yield severe episodic memory deficits, but on the...Full Text Available

2008-08-01

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Memory Before and After Sleep in Patients with Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Investigation of memory effects in air at 0.7 mbar pressure in the presence of vacuum electrical breakdown mechanism has been performed in this paper. The memory effect has been followed using the time delay method.

2008-07-01

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Emotional enhancement of memory: how norepinephrine enables synaptic plasticity

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on procedural and declarative memory encoding in the evening prior to sleep, on memory...Full Text Available

2009-12-15

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Experimental Verification of the Hall Effect during Magnetic Reconnection in a Laboratory Plasma

Changes in synaptic strength are believed to underlie learning and memory. We explore the idea that norepinephrine is an essential modulator of memory through its ability to regulate synaptic mechanisms....Full Text Available

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Seismic tomography inversion in the case that sources and receivers are distributed out of a 2-D plane; Shingen jushinten ga nijigen heimennai ni nai baai no danseiha tomography kaiseki ni kansuru kosatsu

In this letter we report a clear and unambiguous observation of the out-of-plane quadrupole magnetic field suggested by numerical simulations in the reconnecting current sheet in the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX). Measurements show that the Hall effect is large in collisionless regime and becomes small as the collisionality increases, indicating that the Hall effect plays an important role in collisionless reconnection.

2005-06-16

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The addition of trim coils to the Tandem Mirror Experiment magnet system to improve the magnetic field mapping

In the case where sources and receivers are not distributed on a 2-D plane, seismic tomography inversion was studied. In tomography experiments, the existing wells are generally used. In such case, sources and receivers are frequently not distributed on a 2-D plane. The 2.5-D analysis method including 2-D structure and 3-D ray-tracing was thus developed. This method is featured by less memory necessary for ray-tracing calculation, and the same algorithm for velocity determination as 2-D analysis method. In previous methods, since analysis is generally carried out by projecting sources and receivers on a certain assumed 2-D plane, it can derive correct results in the case of constant velocity and straight ray, however, in the other case, it derives incorrect results. Application of 3-D tomography requires a large amount of memory, and falls into poor convergence because of various parameters. The 2.5-D analysis method can ...

1996-10-01

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Attention protects the fidelity of visual memory: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence

The mapping of the magnetic flux bundle from the center cell to the Plasma Potential Control plates (PPC) on the end fan of the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U), was improved by the addition of trim coils (12,000 amp-turns) on each side of each end fan next to the pump beam magnetic shields. The coils' axes are oriented perpendicular to the machine centerline. These coils made the necessary corrections to the field-line mapping, while keeping the field in the nearby pump beam magnetic shield below the saturation threshold. This paper briefly describes the problem, discusses the design as it evolved, and presents the results of the field testing. A brief description of the improvement in the machine performance is also included.

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NMR at earth's magnetic field using para-hydrogen induced polarization

Recall from visual memory is vulnerable to the influence of task-irrelevant information, including the remembered, prototypical value of stimuli seen previously. Wilken...Full Text Available

2010-10-06

37

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A method to achieve NMR of dilute samples in the earth's magnetic field by applying para-hydrogen induced polarization is presented. Maximum achievable polarization enhancements were calculated by numerically simulating the experiment and compared to the experimental results and to the thermal equilibrium in the earth's magnetic field. Simultaneous 19F and 1H NMR detection on a sub-milliliter sample of a fluorinated alkyne at millimolar concentration (1018 nuclear spins) was realized with just one single scan. A highly resolved spectrum with a signal/noise ratio higher than 50:1 was obtained without using an auxiliary magnet or any form of radio frequency shielding.

2011-01-01

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A model of episodic memory: mental time travel along encoded trajectories using grid cells.

AUTOMATED TECHNOLOGY KNOWLEDGE BASE

The definition of episodic memory includes the concept of mental time travel: the ability to re-experience a previously experienced trajectory through continuous dimensions of space and time, and to recall specific events or stimuli along this trajectory. Lesions of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex impair human episodic memory function and impair rat performance in tasks that could be solved by retrieval of trajectories. Recent physiological data suggests a novel model for encoding and retrieval of trajectories, and for associating specific stimuli with specific positions along the trajectory. During encoding in the model, external input drives the activity of head direction cells. Entorhinal grid cells integrate the head direction input to update an internal representation of location, and drive hippocampal place cells. Trajectories are encoded by Hebbian modification of excitatory synaptic connections between ...

2009-07-15

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Design and experimental results on a terawatt magnetically controlled plasma opening switch

MAGNETIC FORMING .............. MAGNETIC INDUCTION ............ MAGNETIC MATERIALS ............ MAGNETIC MEASUREMENT .......... MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY . ...

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Magnetic Moments and Electromagnetic Radii of Nucleon and ?(1232) in an Extended Goldstone-Boson-Exchange Model

The magnetically controlled plasma opening switch (MCPOS) is an advanced plasma opening switch that utilizes magnetic fields to improve operation. Magnetic fields always dominate terawatt, pulsed power plasma opening switches. For that reason, the MCPOS uses controlled applied magnetic fields with magnitude comparable to the self-magnetic field of the storage inductor. One applied field holds the plasma in place while energy accumulates in the storage inductor, then another applied field pushes the plasma away from the cathode to allow energy to flow downstream. Over a ten month period, an MCPOS was designed, built, and tested on DECADE Module 2 at Physics International. The peak drive current was 1.8 MA in 250 ns. The output parameters were up to 1 MA into an electron beam load. The radiation temporal pulse width averaged 60 nanoseconds full-width at half-maximum. The peak load ...

1998-05-01

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Finite element stress analysis of the CMS magnet coil

We derive the exchange currents of pseudoscalar, vector, and scalar mesons from Feynman diagrams, and use them to calculate the magnetic form factors of nucleon and ?(1232). The magnetic moments and electromagnetic radii are obtained by using those form factors and the parameters determined from the masses of nucleon and ?(1232). We find the magnetic moments and electromagnetic radii of nucleon and ?(1232) can be produced very well in the extended Goldstone-Boson-exchange model in which all of pseudoscalar, vector, and scalar meson nonet are included. The magnetic moments of ?(1232) are closer to experiment values and results from lattice calculation than the results obtained by the model without other mesons except for pion and sigma.

2005-01-15

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Neurobehavioral effects of power-frequency electromagnetic fields.

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the experiments which are being designed in the framework of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project at CERN. The design field of the CMS magnet is 4 T, the magnetic length is 12.38 m and the aperture is 6.36 m. This is achieved with a 4 layer-5 module superconducting Al-stabilized coil energised at a nominal current of 20 kA. The finite element analysis (FEA) carried out is axisymmetric elasto-plastic. FEA has also been carried out on the suspension system and on the conductor. (8 refs).

2000-01-01

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X-point model for magnetic susceptibility of A-15 compounds

Some laboratory experiments have suggested that power-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF) may be capable of influencing calcium efflux from cell membranes, pineal function, and circadian rhythms....Full Text Available

1993-12-01

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Measurement of the Self-Diffusion Coefficient of Water as a Function of Position in Wheat Grain Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The X-point linear chain model for electronic structure of A-15 compounds is shown to lead to a weakly temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility ?(T) = 3micro2?N(0) tanh (?~ / T) is serious disagreement with experiment. Supported in part by NSF-DMR76-20641; AROD-DAHCO4-75-G-0052; and FRAP-CUNY 11453.

1977-11-01

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Design study of copper toroidal field coils with bow shaping, demountable sliding joints, and active liquid-nitrogen cooling

A pulsed field gradient spin echo sequence has been incorporated in a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging experiment to provide an image contrast dependent on local molecular self-diffusion. The...Full Text Available

1988-01-01

46

Noncollinear magnetism in surfaces and interfaces of transition metals

The motivation for this design study has been to identify magnet designs for useful magnetic fusion experiments which minimize capital cost. Some possibly useful novel design features have been identified. 5 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.

1996-06-16

47

Upgrade of X-ray Magnetic Diffraction Experimental System and Its Application to Ferromagnetic Material

Noncollinear (NC) magnetism is common in nature, especially when there exist geometrical frustration and chemical imparity in the system. In this work we studied the NC magnetism and the response to external magnetic fields in surfaces and interfaces of transition metals by using an semi-empirical tight-binding (TB) method that parameterized to the ab initio TB-LMTO calculations. We implemented this method to study two systems. The first one is the system of 6 Mn monolayers on Fe(001) substrate. Due to the complex structure and magnetic properties of Mn, we found 23 collinear magnetic configurations but only one NC configuration. The collinear ground state has a layered antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling which agrees with previous experiments and calculations. In the NC configuration the local AFM coupling in the Mn layers is preserved, but the surface is 90 ...

2009-09-15

48

Spectrograph for free-electron laser experiments

We have performed X-ray magnetic diffraction (XMD) experiment of ferromagnets at the Photon Factory (PF) of the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Tsukuba. In this study, we have upgraded the XMD experimental system in order to apply this method to as many samples as possible. Upgrade was made for (1) the X-ray counting system and related measurement program, (2) the electromagnet, and (3) the refrigerator. The performance of the system was enhanced so that (1) the counting rate capability was improved from 104cps to 105cps, (2) the maximum magnetic field was increased from 0.85T to 2.15T, and (3) the lowest sample temperature was reduced from 15K to 5K. The new system was applied to an orbital ordering compound of YTiO3, and we obtained spin magnetic form factor for the reflection plane (010) perpendicular to the b axis. The magnetic field of 2T was needed to ...

2007-01-19

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A polarized neutron reflectometry study of the spin glass freezing in a 29 nm thick AuFe film

The design and construction of a Browne-Buechner type round pole face magnetic electron spectrograph is described. The design is based on the first order transfer properties of the bending magnet including the focal surface, dispersion, magnification and resolution. Second order aberrations are compared wit numerical ray tracing results using measured field data to simulate the magnet. The numerical results are also compared with floating wire measurements on the system. Agreement is within one part in 10"4. Data extraction from the instrument is done with an array of copper detectors placed along the focal surface. The spectrograph has been successfully employed in free-electron laser (FEL) experiments for over a year.

1983-03-21

50

Tracking failure of gamma-ray irradiated polybutylene polymers under magnetic field

We performed polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) experiments on a 29 nm thick Au{sub 93}Fe{sub 7} film in a temperature range from 295 K down to 2 K in a vertical magnetic field up to 6 T. These high-field experiments were performed on the C5 spectrometer in Chalk River, Canada, using a split-pair cryomagnet. The magnetization as determined by PNR can be described with a Brillouin function from 295 K down to 50 K assuming the magnetic moment of isolated Fe atoms, i.e. 4{mu}{sub B} per Fe atom. Below 50 K the onset of the spin-glass freezing is observed as a strong deviation from this Brillouin type behavior of isolated atoms.

2007-07-15

51

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Polymer insulating materials used in radioactive environments are subjected to a risk of surface degradation caused by tracking. The tracking behavior becomes more complex with the presence of magnetic field. This paper presents investigation of tracking failure of gamma-ray irradiated polybutylene naphthalate (PBN) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) under magnetic field. The samples were irradiated in air up to 100 kGy and then up to 1000 kGy with dose rate of 10 kGy/h by using a 60Co gamma-source. Magnetic field Formula Not Shown with flux density of 250 mT was assembled perpendicularly to electric field Formula Not Shown , which gave rise to relative angle between Formula Not Shown and surface normal vector Formula Not Shown of 0degree, 90degree and 180degree, respectively. The experi...

2011-01-01

52

Magnetic properties of laminated perovskite-like ferroelectromagnetics

Crystal electric field excitations in the cerium compound CeRh{sub 3}B{sub 2} studied by inelastic neutron scattering

Magnetic properties of layer ferromagnets against the thickness are investigated. Two new compounds served for studies: Bisub(6)Tisub(2)Nbsub(0,5)Fesub(2,5)Osub(18) and Bi_7Ti_3Fe_3O_2_1. The Moessbauer effect and the magnetic susceptibility measurements were applied in the experiment. The Faraday method was used in magnetic measurements in fields from 1 to 9,5 kOe. The results of Moessbauer measurements show that temperature dependence of the spectra is typical for compounds with superparamagnetic properties. The magnetic fields Hsub(n) on Fe"5"7 nuclei in Bisub(6)Tisub(2)Nbsub(0,5)Fesub(2,5)Osub(18) and Bi_7Ti_3Fe_3O_2_1 are similar and equal to 520+-10 kOe. Therefore it may be concluded that relaxation times of nuclear spins in these compounds are equal or close to each other. The lines of quadrupole splitting appear in spectra together at 20 K. The results of ...

1975-01-01

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Crystal electric field excitations in the cerium compound CeRh_3B_2 studied by inelastic neutron scattering

We have performed inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments on CeRh{sub 3}B{sub 2} at various temperatures to obtain direct information on the crystal electric field (CEF) in this compound, which exhibits some very peculiar magnetic properties for a Ce system: it is ferromagnetic with an unusually high Curie temperature (115 K), which contrasts with a strongly reduced and anisotropic magnetization (0.4 {mu}{sub B}/fu within the c-plane of the hexagonal structure). Measurements with high incident energies show only one well defined magnetic excitation around 150 meV, its exact position varying with the temperature. These results, combined with our previous data of magnetization and magnetic form factor, have permitted us to determine the CEF energy level scheme taking into account the two J multiplets of the Ce{sup 3+} ion. Information on the ground state ...

2007-12-19

54

Involuntary (spontaneous) mental time travel into the past and future.

We have performed inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments on CeRh_3B_2 at various temperatures to obtain direct information on the crystal electric field (CEF) in this compound, which exhibits some very peculiar magnetic properties for a Ce system: it is ferromagnetic with an unusually high Curie temperature (115 K), which contrasts with a strongly reduced and anisotropic magnetization (0.4 #mu#_B/fu within the c-plane of the hexagonal structure). Measurements with high incident energies show only one well defined magnetic excitation around 150 meV, its exact position varying with the temperature. These results, combined with our previous data of magnetization and magnetic form factor, have permitted us to determine the CEF energy level scheme taking into account the two J multiplets of the Ce"3"+ ion. Information on the ground state (quasielastic ...

2007-12-19

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Full autonomous monitoring tools inside nuclear reactor building

Mental time travel (MTT) is the ability to mentally project oneself backward in time to relive past experiences and forward in time to pre-live possible future experiences. Previous work has focused on MTT in its voluntary (controlled) form. Here, we introduce the notion of involuntary (spontaneous) MTT. We examined involuntary versus voluntary and past versus future MTT in a diary study. We found that involuntary future event representations-defined as representations of possible personal future events that come to mind with no preceding search attempts-were as common as involuntary autobiographical memories and similar to them regarding cuing and subjective qualities. Future MTT involved more positive and idyllic representations than past MTT. MTT into the distant future/past involved more representations of cultural life script events than MTT into the immediate past/future. The findings are discussed in relation to ...

2008-12-01

56

Time-limited modulation of appetitive Pavlovian memory by D1 and NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens

In this paper, we define, design and test a radiation tolerant autonomous monitoring tool for nuclear embedded applications. The goal of the instrumentation system was to record the values of some parameters such as dose, temperature or vibrations appearing inside the containment building of nuclear power plants. The knowledge of these parameters will be a good help for predictive maintenance of the power plant components. For the design of the monitoring tool, we rely on commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) low power electronic components to use battery-supplied power. A large amount of components starting from discrete transistors or logic units to memories and micro-controllers was associated to define and design a prototype. We then confirm the environment conditions tolerance estimated to up to 2 kGy of total dose and 80 C for temperature by on-line irradiation experiments for individual components and functions and prototypes. Two different ...

2009-07-01

57

Prospective Memory in HIV-1 Infection

Recent research has implicated the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in consolidating recently acquired goal-directed appetitive memories, including spatial learning and other instrumental processes. However,...Full Text Available

2005-04-26

58

Perceptual Simulations and Linguistic Representations Have Differential Effects on Speeded Relatedness Judgments and Recognition Memory

The cognitive deficits associated with HIV-1 infection are thought to primarily reflect neuropathophysiology within the fronto-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. Prospective memory (ProM) is...Full Text Available

2006-05-01

59

Name techniques in Canada: current trends in utilization rates and recommendations for their inclusion at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College

We examined the effect of spatial iconicity (a perceptual simulation of canonical locations of objects) and word-order frequency on language processing and episodic memory of orientation. Participants...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

60

Consequences of Low Neonatal Iron Status due to Maternal Diabetes Mellitus on Explicit Memory Performance in Childhood

Since its establishment in 1945, the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC) has predominately adhered to a Diversified model of chiropractic technique in the core curriculum; however, many students...Full Text Available

2000-09-01

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61

Role of corporate memory in the global supply chain environment

Diabetic pregnancies are characterized by chronic metabolic insults, including iron deficiency, that place the developing brain at risk and for memory impairment later in life. A behavioral...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

62

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Critical knowledge is proliferated among different knowledge owners of a corporate system through the individuals lying inside or outside the system. Extraction of such knowledge is a very crucial requirement for all organisations. This paper presents the role of critical knowledge in the proper functioning of a system by representing it in the form of eXtensible Markup Language to develop a corporate memory. In order to demonstrate the role of corporate memory in the organisation, a real-world problem of a global supply chain is considered. The problem utilises the concept of corporate memory for the selection of potential suppliers from a set of available suppliers, and further to select the best route from a set of available alternative routes. The objective deals with the minimisation ...

2009-01-01

63

NEUROPLASTICITY and INNOVATION

A novel semidry flue gas desulfurization process with the magnetically fluidized bed reactor.

OF VOCALIZED SPEECH THROUGH. ANALYSIS OF NEURAL SIGNALS. " SYNTHETIC TELEPATHY- WIRELESS. TRANSMISSION OF DECODED. THOUGHTS. " IMPLANTABLE MEMORY-ELIMINATES ...

64

The first insertion devices at SSRL - some personal recollections

The magnetically fluidized bed (MFB) was used as the reactor in a novel semidry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process to achieve high desulfurization efficiency. Experiments in a laboratory-scale apparatus were conducted to reveal the effects of approach to adiabatic saturation temperature, Ca/S molar ratio and applied magnetic field intensity on SO(2) removal. Results showed that SO(2) removal efficiency can be obviously enhanced by decreasing approach to adiabatic saturation temperature, increasing Ca/S molar ratio, or increasing applied magnetic field intensity. At a magnetic field intensity of 300Oe and a Ca/S molar ratio of 1.0, the desulfurization efficiency (excluding desulfurization efficiency in the fabric filter) was over 80%, while spent sorbent appeared in the form of dry powder. With the SEM, XRD and EDX research, it can be found that the increase of DC ...

2009-03-18

65

Real time closed orbit correction system

The author recounts his experiences with insertion devices at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. His first experiences with wigglers occured at the Cambridge Electron Accelerator, and was carried over to SSRL with the proposal for a six pole electromagnetic wiggler. Most modern undulators, and many wigglers are now designed around permanent magnets, and the origin of this transition at SSRL was rather fortuitous and humorous. It reflects some of the personality characteristics of Klaus Halbach.

1995-02-01

66

Arc/Arg3.1 mRNA Global Expression Patterns Elicited by Memory Recall in Cerebral Cortex Differ for Remote Versus Recent Spatial Memories

We describe a global closed orbit feedback experiment, based upon a real time harmonic analysis of both the orbit movement and the correction magnetic fields. The feedback forces the coefficients of a few harmonics near the betatron tune to vanish, and significantly improves the global orbit stability. We present the results of the experiment in the UV ring using 4 detectors and 4 trims, in which maximum observed displacement was reduced by a factor of between 3 and 4. 4 refs., 3 figs.

1989-01-01

67

Free electron laser experiments using a long pulse induction linac

The neocortex plays a critical role in the gradual formation and storage of remote declarative memories. Because the circuitry mechanisms of systems-level consolidation are not well understood, the...Full Text Available

68

Elastic recoil detection analysis of ferroelectric films

The NRL Long Pulse Induction Linac is being employed in a Free Electron Laser (FEL) experiment. The authors present results of beam transport and focusing experiments as well as measurements of the output radiation generated by various magnetic wigglers. The electron gun of the accelerator presently has a 17-cmdiam. cold cathode which is located in a nearly zero magnetic field (B /SUB z/ less than or equal to 5 G). The gun voltage is flat to within approx. = + or - 5% for 1.5 #mu#sec with this graphite brush cathode. The beam is focused by a series of solenoidal coils as it propagates through the 4-m-long accelerator."2 A solenoidal field which can be varied from 1-10 kG confines the beam in the FEL interaction region. Previous experiments were limited by poor beam transport, focusing, and matching into the relatively large solenoidal field in the FEL region. By smoothing the axial ...

69

Sleep and environmental context: interactive effects for memory

There has been considerable progress in developing SrBi{sub 2}Ta{sub 2}O{sub 9} (SBT) and Ba{sub O.7}Sr{sub O.3}TiO{sub 3} (BST) ferroelectric films for use as nonvolatile memory chips and for capacitors in dynamic random access memories (DRAMs). Ferroelectric materials have a very large dielectric constant ( {approx} 1000), approximately one hundred times greater than that of silicon dioxide. Devices made from these materials have been known to experience breakdown after a repeated voltage pulsing. It has been suggested that this is related to stoichiometric changes within the material. To accurately characterise these materials Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) is being developed. This technique employs a high energy heavy ion beam to eject nuclei from the target and uses a time of flight and energy dispersive (ToF-E) detector telescope to detect these nuclei. The recoil nuclei carry both energy and mass ...

1996-12-31

70

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Sleep after learning is often beneficial for memory. Reinstating an environmental context that was present at learning during subsequent retrieval also leads to superior declarative memory performance. This study examined how post-learning sleep, relative to wakefulness, impacts upon context-dependent memory effects. Thirty-two participants encoded word lists in each of two rooms (contexts), which were different in terms of size, odour and background music. Immediately after learning and following a night of sleep or a day of wakefulness, memory for all previously studied words was tested using a category-cued recall task in room one or two alone. Accordingly, a comparison could be made between words retrieved in an environmental context which was the same as, or different to, that of the ...

2011-01-01

71

Memory of multiple aging stages above the freezing temperature in the Relaxor ferroelectric PLZT.

Diffraction Experiments at the IBR-2 Pulsed Reactor with Methane Cold Neutron Source

The dynamic dielectric susceptibility and the elastic compliance of the relaxor ferroelectric lanthanum lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) 9/65/35 have been measured under different cooling and heating protocols in order to study aging and memory. The memory of multiple aging stages at different temperatures has been found (several dips in the susceptibility curves on heating), as in spin glass systems below the glass transition. Remarkably, in PLZT the memory of several aging stages is retained also above the freezing temperature deduced from the dynamic susceptibilities. The results are discussed in light of the existing models of aging and memory in spin and dipolar glasses. PMID:15447139

2004-08-24

72

Magnetic structure of Tb_2PdSi_3: investigation of long- and short- range magnetic order in external magnetic fields

A new methane cold neutron source has been tested at the IBR-2 pulsed reactor at the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics. In a paper the results of experiments at neutron diffractometers HRFD and DN-2 which are placed at the IBR-2 from the methane moderator side are given. A comparison with the results obtained with the conventional water comb-like moderator is performed. The perspectives of the cold source for various kinds of neutron diffraction experiments, including atomic and magnetic structural analysis and real time experiments are discussed. It is shown, that for a huge number of the experiments which are performing at both HRFD and DN-2 the methane cold neutron source provides the better conditions than water comb-like moderator.

2000-01-01

73

Electrical breakdown at low pressure in the presence of a weak magnetic field

... range magnetic fields magnetic susceptibility magnetization neutron diffraction

74

Ferrofluid flow for TOUGH2

Electron trapping in crossed electric and magnetic fields is an important mechanism by which electrical discharges can develop in low pressure gases. The authors report observations of discharges produced by this mechanism around a spherical anode in two space simulation chambers, namely the Space Plasma Interaction Experiment (SPIE) at the University of Maryland, and the NASA-Lewis B-2 chamber. They have identified two types of discharges in these experiments. In the B-2 chamber, the breakdown takes the form of a runaway dischage with spherical topology, limited only by the ability of the power supply to provide the current. In the SPIE chamber this type of discharge also occurs, in addition to a low current toroidal discharge which is observed at higher magnetic fields. They present measurements of both types of discharge and show how the trapping effect of the magnetic field ...

1990-05-01

75

COBE confounds the cosmologists

We have developed EOS7M, a ferrofluid flow and transport module for TOUGH2. EOS7M calculates the magnetic forces on ferrofluid caused by an external magnetic field and allows simulation of flow and advective transport of ferrofluid-water mixtures through porous media. Such flow problems are strongly coupled and well suited to the TOUGH2 framework. Preliminary applications of EOS7M to some simple pressure and flow problems for which experiments were carried out in the lab show good qualitative agreement with the laboratory results.

1998-03-24

76

A modular and extensible data acquisition and control system for testing superconducting magnets

The validity of the Big Bang theory is evaluated. The basis of the Big Band theory and the supercluster observations of Tully, which conflict with the Big Band theory, are discussed. Various explanations for the existence of supercluster observations are proposed. The cosmic background explorer (COBE) is being utilized to detect energetic processes. The COBE contains a far IR absolute spectrometer, a differential microwave radiometer, and a diffuse IR background experiment. The hypothesis of the evolution of the universe of Hannes Alfven, which emphasizes the importance of electricity and magnetism, is presented and research illustrating the importance of electric currents and magnetic fields in space is examined.

1990-03-01

77

Autism and the development of face processing.

The Magnet Test Facility at Fermilab tests a variety of full-scale and model superconducting magnets for both R and D and production. As the design characteristics and test requirements of these magnets vary widely, the magnet test stand must accommodate a wide range of Data Acquisition (DAQ) and Control requirements. Such a system must provide several functions, which includes: quench detection, quench protection, power supply control, quench characterization, and slow DAQ of temperature, mechanical strain gauge, liquid helium level, etc. The system must also provide cryogenic valve control, process instrumentation monitoring, and process interlock logic associated with the test stand. A DAQ and Control system architecture that provides the functionality described above has been designed, fabricated, and put into operation. This system utilizes a modular approach that provides both extensibility and ...

2001-07-20

78

Transverse-field Formula Not Shown SR and magnetic disorder in Formula Not Shown

Autism is a pervasive developmental condition, characterized by impairments in non-verbal communication, social relationships and stereotypical patterns of behavior. A large body of evidence suggests that several aspects of face processing are impaired in autism, including anomalies in gaze processing, memory for facial identity and recognition of facial expressions of emotion. In search of neural markers of anomalous face processing in autism, much interest has focused on a network of brain regions that are implicated in social cognition and face processing. In this review, we will focus on three such regions, namely the STS for its role in processing gaze and facial movements, the FFA in face detection and identification and the amygdala in processing facial expressions of emotion. Much evidence suggests that a better understanding of the normal development of these specialized regions is essential for discovering the neural bases of face processing anomalies in ...

2006-10-01

79

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We have carried out transverse-field ( Formula Not Shown ) Formula Not Shown SR experiments in Formula Not Shown for temperatures from 300 down to 2.2K. The muon-decay asymmetry can be fit to a stretched exponential relaxation function: Formula Not Shown . The exponent Formula Not Shown for Formula Not Shown , but drops continuously below this temperature (being Formula Not Shown for Formula Not Shown and reaching Formula Not Shown near 2K). The characteristic relaxation rate Formula Not Shown grows six-fold in the experimental temperature range (from Formula Not Shown for Formula Not Shown to Formula Not Shown for Formula Not Shown ). Independently of theoretical models, the behavior of these parameters is consistent with strong magnetic disorder. Although the magnetic susceptibility of F...

2008-01-01

80

Pencil-like mm-size electron beams produced with linear inductive voltage adders

Ion temperature anisotropy in high power helium neutral beam fuelling experiments in JET

We present the design, analysis, and results of the high brightness electron beam experiments currently under investigation at Sandia National Laboratories. The anticipated beam parameters are the following: energy 12 MeV, current 35 endash 40 kA, rms radius 0.5 mm, and pulse duration 40 ns full width at half-maximum. The accelerator is SABRE, a pulsed linear inductive voltage adder modified to higher impedance, and the electron source is a magnetically immersed foilless electron diode. 20 endash 30 T solenoidal magnets are required to insulate the diode and contain the beam to its extremely small-sized (1 mm) envelope. These experiments are designed to push the technology to produce the highest possible electron current in a submillimeter radius beam. Design, numerical simulations, and experimental results are presented. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics.

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81

ERP effects of methylphenidate and working memory load in healthy adults during a serial visual working memory task.

During helium beam fuelling experiments in JET, distinctive anisotropic features have been observed in the velocity distribution function describing both fast and thermal alpha particle populations. During the initial fuelling phase the central helium ion temperature observed perpendicular to the magnetic field is higher than the central electron temperature, while the central helium ion temperature observed parallel to the magnetic field is lower than or equal to the central electron temperature. In order to verify temperature measurements of both perpendicular and parallel lines of sight, other independent methods of deducing the ion temperature are investigated: deuterium ion temperature, deuterium density, comparison with neutron rates and profiles (influence of a possible metastable population of helium). 6 refs., 7 figs.

1994-07-01

82

Initial results from 50mm short SSC dipoles at Fermilab

The objective of the study was to investigate neuronal processing during the encoding, retention and retrieval phases of a serial visual working memory task. Particularly, we were interested in how these phases are affected by working memory load and how processing is modulated by methylphenidate. Healthy adults were asked to memorize the order of four, five or six pictures under methylphenidate (20mg) and under placebo while brain electrical activity was recorded. On the performance level, the number of correct responses decreased with increasing working memory load. Concerning brain electrical activity, in the encoding phase P3 amplitudes increased at midline electrodes with increasing memory load while load had no effect in the retention and retrieval phase. Medication neither influenced performance nor the different processing stages significantly. Our data provide evidence that during the encoding ...

2010-07-17

83

Computer system architecture. Second edition

Several short model SSC 50 mm bore dipoles are being built and tested at Fermilab. Mechanical design of these magnets has been determined from experience involved in the construction and testing of 40 mm dipoles. Construction experience includes coil winding, curing and measuring, coil end part design and fabrication, ground insulation, instrumentation, collaring and yoke assembly. Fabrication techniques are explained and construction problems are discussed. Similarities and differences from the 40 mm dipole tooling and management components are outlined. Test results from the first models are presented. 19 refs., 12 figs.

1991-03-01

84

A micro-compression study of shape-memory deformation in U-13at%Nb

A register transfer language is used to present the basic concepts of computer hardware architecture. Material needed for understanding computer organisation, design, and programming is included. The various functional units of digital computers (central processor, microprogram control; arithmetic algorithms; input-output; and memory organisation), are examined. A basic computer is developed to demonstrate the components of computer hardware and software architecture. Parallel processing and multiprocessor systems are discussed. Numerous MSI and LSI digital functions are introduced with explanations of their characteristics. Cache memory and the hardware requirements for a memory management unit are covered.

1982-01-01

85

Effect of pressure and magnetic field on the magnetism of a U(Ni_0_._9_1Pd_0_._0_9)_2Si_2 single crystal

Micro-compression specimens, 1O-15{mu}m in diameter by 20-30{mu}m in height, were produced from individual parent grains in a polycrystalline U-13at%Nb shape-memory alloy using the focused ion beam (FIB) technique. The specimens were tested in a nanoindentation instrument with a flat diamond tip to investigate stress-strain behavior as a function of crystallographic orientation. The results are in qualitative agreement with a single-crystal accommodation strain (Bain strain) model of the shape-memory effect for this alloy.

2008-01-01

86

What comes first? Electrophysiological differences in the temporal course of memory and future thinking

... parameters magnetic fields magnetic properties magnetization monocrystals

2003-04-01

87

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract It is now widely accepted that remembering the past and imagining the future rely on a number of shared processes and recruit a similar set of brain regions. However, memory and future thinking place different demands on a range of processes. For instance, although remembering should lead to early associative retrieval of event details, event construction may be slower for future events, for which details from different memories are combined. In order to shed light on the question of how the brain distinguishes between memories and future thoughts, we investigated the differences in the electrophysiological correlates of the vivid elaboration of future and past events. In the slow cortical potentials of 24 healthy human participants, differences during early elaboration were obser...

2011-01-01

88

The Arc of synaptic memory

Power Analyzer for Pocket Computing (PAPC)

The immediate early gene Arc is emerging as a versatile, finely tuned system capable of coupling changes in neuronal activity patterns to synaptic plasticity, thereby optimizing information...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

89

Photonic Devices and Systems for Optical Signal Processing

... Those functions are fundamental routines to build a power model for more complex circuits or functional blocks. ... 21 of 54 6. Memory Power Model ...

2004-01-01

90

Benefits of Using the Photosimulation Laboratory Environment ...

... lasers, model switched optical memory elements ... Optical RS flip flop, Acousto-optic switches. ... FLOP CIRCUITS, OPTICAL SWITCHING, NOR GATES ...

1993-08-01

91

Report on Challenges and Resolutions for the Purple Development Environment

... with the ability to capture imagery in raw 24-bit format, combined with large memory storage devices enable high resolution imagery to be captured ...

2002-08-01

92

Recent activites on electromagnetic processing of materials in Japan

Previous AIX development environment experience with ASC White and Early Delivery systems UV and UM was leveraged to provide a smooth and robust transition to the Purple development environment. Still, there were three major changes that initially caused serious problems for Purple users. The first was making 64-bit builds of executables the default instead of 32-bit. The second was requiring all executables to use large page memory. The third was the phase-out of the popular, but now defunct, third-party C++ compiler KCC, which required the migration of many codes to IBM's xlC C++ compiler. On Purple, the default build environment changed from 32-bit builds to 64-bit builds in order to enable executables to use the 4GB per processor (32GB per node) memory available, and in order for the MPI library to do collective optimizations that required the larger 64-bit address space. The 64-bit build environment was made ...

2006-12-12

93

Neutrino emission in neutron matter from magnetic moment interactions

Application of electromagnetic forces to materials processing, so-called {open_quotes}electromagnetic processing of materials (EPM){close_quotes} has been recognized as cutting edge technology, especially in the fields of steelmaking and advanced materials processing in Japan. The history of EPM in Japan is mentioned and the background to promote EPM is described. The current status of research and development of EPM is shown briefly introducing several examples. Regarding the application of high-frequency magnetic field, two topics are dealt with. The first is the improvement of the surface quality of cast steel where an alternating magnetic field is imposed on the molten steel from the outside of the mold, and the second is the induction cold crucible where a considerably large amount of molten intermetallic compound is levitated. Examples of the application of DC magnetic field are the control of molten steel flow in a ...

1995-01-01

94

Double umbrella structure in terbium iron garnet

Neutrino emission drives neutron star cooling for the first several hundreds of years after its birth. Given the low energy ($\\sim$ keV) nature of this process, one expects very few nonstandard particle physics contributions which could affect this rate. Requiring that any new physics contributions involve light degrees of freedom, one of the likely candidates which can affect the cooling process would be a nonzero magnetic moment for the neutrino. To illustrate, we compute the emission rate for neutrino pair bremsstrahlung in neutron-neutron scattering through photon-neutrino magnetic moment coupling. We also present analogous differential rates for neutrino scattering off nucleons and electrons that determine neutrino opacities in supernovae. Employing current upper bounds from collider experiments on the tau magnetic moment, we find that the neutrino emission rate can exceed the rate through neutral ...

2004-01-01

95

Problems and solutions of the IFSMTF power and switch system

The umbrella magnetic structure of the terbium iron garnet (TbIG) has been studied using neutron diffraction experiments peformed in the 4.2 to 650 K temperature range which covers both the Neel temperature (Tsub(N) = 550 +- 10 K) and the compensation temperature (Tsub(comp) = 244 +- 2 K). When T > Tsub(N), the observed peak intensities originate from nuclear contribution only. When Tsub(comp) < T < Tsub(N), the results have been interpreted in the Neel theory of ferrimagnetism. Below Tsub(comp), three salient features have been observed: there appears superstructure lines forbiden by the cubic space group Ia3d, whereas the other superstructure peaks are found absent contrary to other heavy rare earth garnets; the strongest reflexion (110) vanishes near Tsub(comp). The magnetic modes associated to the rhombohedral symmetry space group R(-3)c have been calculated; the two inequivalent magnetic ...

1984-04-10

96

P and e identification capabilities CAPRICE

Solutions have been found for the problems encountered with the coil power and switching systems of the International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test Facility (IFSMTF). The coil power system provides the filtered dc sources (+- 12 V dc; 25,000 A) for charging and discharging the coils of the IFSMTF experiment. The switching system provides the means of transferring the coil current into a dump resistor when a rapid discharge of a coil is required due to a coil failure (quench) or other system abnormalities.

1985-01-01

97

Kinetic energy accumulators. Application to electric cars

The cosmic antiparticle ring imaging Cherenkov experiment (CAPRICE) flew on a stratospheric balloon 8-9 August 1994 over northern Canada and collected data for more than 21 hours with less than 5 g/cm{sup 2} of residual atmosphere. The instrument includes a solid radiator RICH detector and an electromagnetic calorimeter for particle identification in the magnetic spectrometer. Preliminary antiproton and positron identification capabilities are presented.

1995-09-01

98

Electron phonon properties of A-15 compounds and Chevrel phases

The development of electric cars always met with the difficulty in storing energy and in recovering it in the form of electric power. Research work done for the last two decades in the field of materials and of new technologies oriented mainly towards aeronautical and space applications have led to designing, realizing and experimenting with flywheels rotating at high speed in magnetic bearings. The results obtained represent openings that, now, fall in with different industrial fields and in particular with application to electric cars.

1982-12-01

99

Electron and phonon properties of A-15 compounds and Chevrel phases

A review of the information on the electron and phonon spectra in the A-15 compounds and Chevrel phase superconductors obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance, heat capacity, and Moessbauer effect experiments is presented. Relationships of the Fermi energy electrons and the soft phonons to the strength of the electron-phonon interaction are discussed.

100

Radiation-hardening of magnet coils

A review of the information on the electron and phonon spectra in the A-15 compounds and Chevrel phase superconductors obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance, heat capacity, and Moessbauer effect experiments is presented. Relationships of the Fermi energy electrons and the soft phonons to the strength of the electron-phonon interaction are discussed.

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101

Passivity of polycrystalline NiMnGa alloys for magnetic shape memory applications

The first essential before embarking on the radiation-hardening of electrical insulation - mostly magnet coils - in any beam line application is to obtain a reliable estimate of the dose to the components. These are examples ( switchyards at SLAC and LAMPF) where the degree of hardness specified was much higher than was required. Although experience shows that the cost premium for substantial radiation - hardening is of the order of 10%, it has also become clear that well - designed beam line have negligible losses: hardening is required only in the vicinity of targets, collimators or other beam - intercepting devices. Where the beam is deliberately scraped, local shielding will minimize the associated radiation in the surroundings. Electron machines have their own special problems due to synchrotron radiation, so certainly coils and other electrical equipment should be kept away from the beam bend - plane. Because proton beams interact with ...

1989-03-01

102

Passivity of polycrystalline NiMnGa alloys for magnetic shape memory applications

The corrosion and passivation behaviour of bulk polycrystalline martensite Ni{sub 50}Mn{sub 30}Ga{sub 20} and austenite Ni{sub 48}Mn{sub 30}Ga{sub 22} alloys was compared in electrolytes with different pH values. Linear anodic and cyclic potentiodynamic polarisation methods and anodic current transient measurements have been conducted for the alloys and their constituents to analyze free corrosion, anodic dissolution and passive layer formation processes. Electrochemically treated alloy surfaces were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical response of both alloys is in principal similar and is dominated by the Ni oxidation. In acidic solutions (pH 0.5 and 5) a slightly higher reactivity is detectable for the martensitic alloy which is mainly attributed to enhanced dissolution processes at the multiple twin boundaries. In weakly acidic to strongly alkaline solutions (pH 5-11) both alloys exhibit ...

2009-05-15

103

Radiation imposed limits on superconducting magnets: A data base for copper stabilizers

The corrosion and passivation behaviour of bulk polycrystalline martensite Ni50Mn30Ga20 and austenite Ni48Mn30Ga22 alloys was compared in electrolytes with different pH values. Linear anodic and cyclic potentiodynamic polarisation methods and anodic current transient measurements have been conducted for the alloys and their constituents to analyze free corrosion, anodic dissolution and passive layer formation processes. Electrochemically treated alloy surfaces were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical response of both alloys is in principal similar and is dominated by the Ni oxidation. In acidic solutions (pH 0.5 and 5) a slightly higher reactivity is detectable for the martensitic alloy which is mainly attributed to enhanced dissolution processes at the multiple twin boundaries. In weakly acidic to strongly alkaline solutions (pH 5-11) both alloys exhibit a low corrosion rate and a stable ...

2009-05-01

104

Monthly report of activities: APRIL 1, 1969

Two of eight differently prepared copper stabilizer samples, previously irradiated in the RTNS-II at LLNL, the IPNS-1 and the BSR at ORNL, have been irradiated to a fluence of 1.33 /times/ 10/sup 22/ n/m/sup 2/ at RTNS-II. During the course of the irradiation the samples were periodically removed (without warming) for measurements of the transverse magnetoresistance and returned for continued irradiation. This experiment extends the range of neutron-irradiation-induced resistivity by a factor of five over the previous experiments. A simple model is developed which reproduces the magnetoresistance results of all the experiments to an accuracy of 2.5%. 13 refs., 6 figs.

1987-10-28

105

Zero net flux estimates of septal extracellular glucose levels and the effects of glucose on septal extracellular GABA levels

This is the first of a series of monthly reports summarizing the status of the work of the National Accelerator Laboratory. This first report will cover developments since the publication of the Design Report in January. Authorization hearings were held before the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy on February 21, 1968. Dr. Wilson described the plans and designs of the Laboratory. The present plan of the Laboratory is that the Village of Weston will be utilized for office, laboratory, and shop space during construction. The Laboratory business office is already occupying several houses. The linac section is occupying three houses for offices and construction of an 8,000 sq ft laboratory building for linac work is almost complete. Another house is being used and a 4,500 sq ft inflatable building is being constructed for model-magnet and vacuum testing. Other temporary buildings will be constructed for use by other sections. We plan to move into the village as rapidly ...

1968-04-01

106

Randomized controlled trials of the efficacy of lung cancer screening by sputum cytology revisited: a combined mortality analysis from the Johns Hopkins Lung Project and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Lung Study

Although hippocampal infusions of glucose enhance memory, we have found repeatedly that septal glucose infusions impair memory when γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors are activated....Full Text Available

2009-06-02

107

Elimination of ``memory`` from sample handling and inlet system of a mass spectrometer

BackgroundTwo randomized controlled trials of lung cancer screening initiated in the 1970's, the Johns Hopkins Lung Project and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Lung...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

108

Digital optical processing system

This paper describes a method for preparing the sample handling and inlet system of a mass spectrometer for analysis of a subsequent sample following analysis of a previous sample comprising the flushing of the system interior with supercritical CO{sub 2} and venting the interior. The method eliminates the effect of system ``memory`` on the subsequent analysis, especially following persistent samples such as xenon and krypton.

1991-05-08

109

A single early life seizure impairs short-term memory but does not alter spatial learning, recognition memory, or anxiety

Digital optical processing (DOP) was conceived to encompass the advantages of both electronic and optical processors, which are parallelism, flexibility, and high accuracy. The authors discuss the concept of parallelism, how it applies to DOP differently than to electronic parallel processing, and other potential advantages in using DOP. A PLZT memory device is described which can perform a series of logic or memory operations. From several of these PLZT devices a DOP is constructed to illustrate some of its programmability features.

1983-01-01

110

The effect of neutrals on the performance of plasma opening switches

The impact of a single seizure on cognition remains controversial. We hypothesized that a single early life seizure (sELS) on rat post-natal day (P) 7 would alter only hippocampal-dependent...Full Text Available

2008-11-01

111

Studies of interlayer magnetic coupling in all-semiconductor superlattices by means of neutron scattering techniques

The authors address the question of the limitations on voltage and current transfer to loads in magnetic storage systems utilizing microsecond conduction time plasma opening switches. They propose that the limitation of performance results from neutral atoms that are not entrained into the ionized material that is driven by the magnetic field of the rising generator current. Evidence in support of this proposition is gathered from experiments performed on the Ace-4 and Hawk generators. They set forth a theory to describe the effect of neutrals on the electrical performance of plasma opening switches. The neutral gas is assumed to be present in the region between the moving plasma mass and the generator, primarily in the region in which the plasma is injected initially. The essential elements of the theory are a weak photoionization source to seed the gas with a low concentration of electrons, and joule heating accompanied ...

1996-12-31

112

Precipitation of ions induced by nonadiabatic motion in the outer cusp region

An overview on neutron scattering studies of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic all-semiconductor superlattices is presented. Diffraction experiments on MnTe/CdTe, MnTe/ZnTe and EuTe/PbTe superlattices show pronounced correlations between the MnTe and EuTe layers across the non-magnetic spaces, even though these layers are antiferromagnetic and the systems are nearly-insulating. Current theory status of these systems is discussed. Diffractometry and reflectometry data from EuS/PbS superlattices reveal pronounced antiferromagnetic coupling between the ferromagnetic EuS block. First polarized neutron reflectometry data from superlattices prepared of a novel ferromagnetic 'spintronics' material, Ga(Mn)As are also presented. (author)

2001-09-23

113

Andreev reflection spectroscopy in MgB{sub 2}

The transport of magnetospheric particles in the outer cusp region is examined by means of three-dimensional single particle codes. It is shown that, at high altitudes, particles can experience nonadiabatic motions leading to significant magnetic moment changes. It is demonstrated that this nonadiabatic behavior can be interpreted, at least partly, by the action of an impulsive centrifugal force perturbing the particle gyromotion. Systematic trajectory calculations reveal that plasma sheet ions which ExB convert toward the magnetopause from low L-shells in the dayside sector are subjected to such nonadiabatic motions. As a result of magnetic moment damping, a number of them are injected into the loss cone and subsequently precipitate near the cusp equatorward edge.

114

Magnetic properties and low temperature X-ray studies of the weak ferromagnetic monoclinic and trigonal chromium tellurides Cr_5Te_8

Our Andreev reflection measurements (Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 137005) along with other experiments have led to a general consensus that MgB{sub 2} is a multiband superconductor with two main superconducting gaps closing at the same T{sub c}. Here we show the behavior of the small gap as a function of the temperature and magnetic field. This gap is isotropic with T{sub c} of the bulk material but with a specific small (crossover) critical magnetic field of about 1 T much lower than the real H{sub c2}. The latter field is anisotropic and is rather governed by the large gap and strongly anisotropic Fermi surface of the material.

2003-04-01

115

High-Performance, Superparamagnetic, Nanoparticle-Based Heavy Metal Sorbents for Removal of Contaminants from Natural Waters

Monoclinic and trigonal Cr_5Te_8 show a transition into the ferromagnetic state with a Curie temperature T_c, which sensitively depends on the actual composition. Monoclinic samples exhibit a lower T_c despite their higher Cr content. This observation is explained on the basis of less effective ferromagnetic superexchange in the monoclinic compounds and the larger number of Cr atoms being antiferromagnetically coupled. Magnetization experiments performed at 5 K demonstrate that the compounds saturate already at rather low magnetic fields. In addition, small values are estimated for the coercitive field H_c as well as for the remanence magnetization both being typical for weak ferromagnetic materials. The values for the saturation magnetization amount to about 72% and 65% for monoclinic and trigonal Cr_5Te_8, respectively. These low values can partially be explained on the basis of ...

2004-03-01

116

Design and operating experience of a 40 MW, highly-stabilized power supply

We describe the synthesis and characterization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle based heavy metal sorbents with various surface chemistries that demonstrate an excellent affinity for the separation of heavy metals in contaminated water systems (i.e. spiked Columbia river water). The magnetic nanoparticle sorbents are prepared from an easy to synthesize iron oxide precursor, followed by a simple, one-step ligand exchange technique to introduce the organic surface functionality of interest chosen to target either specific or broader classes of heavy metals. Functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles are excellent sorbent materials for the extraction of heavy metal contaminants from environmental and clinical samples since they are easily removed from the media once bound to the contaminant by simply applying a magnetic field. These engineered magnetic nanoparticle sorbents have an inherently high active ...

2010-06-01

117

Refining the Magnetic Forming Capability.

Four 10 MW, highly-stabilized power supply modules have been installed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, FL, to energize water-cooled, resistive, high-field research magnets. The power supply modules achieve a long term current stability if 10 ppM over a 12 h period with a short term ripple and noise variation of <10 ppM over a time period of one cycle. The power supply modules can operate independently, feeding four separate magnets, or two, three or four modules can operate in parallel. Each power supply module consists of a 12.5 kV vacuum circuit breaker, two three-winding, step-down transformers, a 24-pulse rectifier with interphase reactors, and a passive and an active filter. Two different transformer tap settings allow rated dc supply output voltages of 400 and 500 V. The rated current of a supply module is 17 kA and each supply module has a one-hour overload capability of 20 kA. The ...

1995-07-01

118

Magnetic structure of Tb{sub 2}PdSi{sub 3}: investigation of long- and short- range magnetic order in external magnetic fields

... Title : Refining the Magnetic Forming Capability. ... Abstract : The purpose of this project was to refine the in-house magnetic forming capability. ...

1972-04-01

119

BIOMAGNETIC RESPONSE OF SIMPLE BIOLOGICAL ...

No abstract prepared.

2005-07-01

120

/22k : - NASA Technical Reports Server

... Examples include magnetic forming tools, magnetic shielding, magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems, and various magnetic containment ...

1970-01-01

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121

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING DEVICE

in pulse applications such as magnetic forming. ... In magnetic-forming electric circuitry, the ..... Aspects of Electrohydraulic land Magnetic Forming. ...

122

Remodeling of the free electron laser with the L-band linac at Osaka University

Full Text Available

2010-08-31

123

Neutron scattering studies of mixed-valence semiconductors

The far infrared free electron laser (FEL) has been being developed since 1990 using the L-band electron linac at the Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University. The first lasing was obtained in 1994 at wavelengths from 32 to 40 #mu#m. The FEL is now being modified suitable for user experiments. The wiggler with a fixed magnet gap used in the original FEL has been remodeled to make the magnet gap variable. In order to optimize the variable range of the gap, the gain and the diffraction loss were calculated. The peak gain is calculated to be 270% and the diffraction loss to be 22% at 150 #mu#m. The wavelength is expected to be variable from 25 up to at least 150 #mu#m. The two bending magnets in the optical resonator have been remodeled and the vacuum chambers with larger vertical sizes for them have been newly made so that the diffraction loss in these parts becomes smaller than ...

1997-02-28

124

Magnetic ordering in CeM_2Si_2 (M = Ag,Au,Pd,Rh) compounds as studied by neutron diffraction

Neutron scattering experiments on the mixed-valence (MV) compounds SmB{sub 6} are reported. The inelastic magnetic response of SmB{sub 6} at T = 2 K, measured on a double-isotope single crystal,displays a strongly damped peak at 35 meV corresponding to the inter multiplet transition of Sm{sup 2+}. At lower energies ( h.{omega} {approx_equal} 14 meV), a narrow magnetic excitation is observed, with remarkable scattering-vector and temperature dependences of its intensity. This novel feature is discussed in terms of recent theoretical works describing the formation of an anisotropic local bound state in semiconducting MV materials. If the average samarium valence is decreased by substituting La for Sm, a peak is found to appear at high energies. The elastic magnetic form factor of SmB{sub 6} was determined using polarised neutrons and no significant difference is observed in its Q-dependence with respect ...

1994-12-31

125

Magnetic ordering in CeM/sub 2/Si/sub 2/ (M = Ag,Au,Pd,Rh) compounds as studied by neutron diffraction

We report the results of neutron-diffraction experiments on CeM_2Si_2 (M = Ag,Au,Pd,Rh) which were performed to explore the role of valence fluctuations and 4f hybridization in the magnetic ordering of cerium compounds. All four order antiferromagnetically, the first three exhibiting structures consisting of ferromagnetic layers with moments perpendicular to the layers, which are believed to be characteristic of 4f-4f interactions mediated through hybridization with conduction electrons. CePd_2Si_2 has an anomalously small moment (0.62#mu#/sub B/) in the ordered state. CeAg_2Si_2 exhibits an incommensurate longitudinal, static magnetization wave with moment and propagation direction along the a axis. The fourth compound, CeRh_2Si_2, has the highest known transition temperature (39 K) reported for cerium ordering; it exhibits another second-order transition at 27 K to a complex commensurate structure with modulated moments. ...

126

Characteristic Of Induction Magnetic Field On The Laboratory Scale Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Circuit

We report the results of neutron-diffraction experiments on CeM/sub 2/Si/sub 2/ (M = Ag,Au,Pd,Rh) which were performed to explore the role of valence fluctuations and 4f hybridization in the magnetic ordering of cerium compounds. All four order antiferromagnetically, the first three exhibiting structures consisting of ferromagnetic layers with moments perpendicular to the layers, which are believed to be characteristic of 4f-4f interactions mediated through hybridization with conduction electrons. CePd/sub 2/Si/sub 2/ has an anomalously small moment (0.62..mu../sub B/) in the ordered state. CeAg/sub 2/Si/sub 2/ exhibits an incommensurate longitudinal, static magnetization wave with moment and propagation direction along the a axis. The fourth compound, CeRh/sub 2/Si/sub 2/, has the highest known transition temperature (39 K) reported for cerium ordering; it exhibits another second-order transition at 27 K to a complex ...

1984-03-01

127

The magnetic spectrometer PAMELA for the study of cosmic antimatter in space

Model construction of the laboratory scale superconducting fault current limiter circuit (SFCL) has been performed. The SFCL is fault current limiter and used as electric network security. It mainly consists of a copper coil, a superconducting ring and an iron core that are concentrically arranged. The SFCL circuit is essentially a transformer where the secondary windings are being replaced by the ring of YBa_2Cu_3O_7_-_x superconductor (HTS). The ring has critical transition temperature Tc = 92 K and critical current Ic = 3.61 A. Characterization of the SFCL circuit is simulated by ANSYS version 5.4 software. The SFCL circuit consists of load and transformer impedances. The results show that the inductions of magnet field flux in the iron core of primer windings and ring disappear to one other before fault state. It means that impedance of the transformer is zero. After the condition a superconductivity behavior of the ring is disappear so that the impedance of ...

2004-06-01

128

Moderately heavy, heavy-fermion compound YbPd_2Si_2 at low temperatures

In the framework of the RIM (Russian Italian mission) program, PAMELA is the experiment devoted to the accurate measurement of the positron and antiproton spectra from the very low energy thresh-old of 100 MeV up to more than 50 GeV, and to hunt antinuclei with sensitivity better than 10{sup -7} in the helium/helium ratio. A permanent magnet equipped by microstrip silicon sensors, measures the particle momentum with MDR=400 GV/c on GF=25 cm{sup 2} sr. An accurate ToF system, a 19 X{sub o} deep imaging calorimeter, an aerogel Cherenkov counter and a TRD detector complement the spectrometer in order an efficient e{sup +-}/p{sup +-} separation and some light isotope identification capability. The PAMELA experiment will be carried out on a 700 km high polar orbit, on board of the Earth-observation meteor-3A satellite, to be launched at the end of 1988.

1995-09-01

129

Moderately heavy, heavy-fermion compound YbPd sub 2 Si sub 2 at low temperatures

The available experimental data on the specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, valence, NMR Knight shift and relaxation rate, and the quadrupolar moment of YbPd_2Si_2 are examined within the framework of the single-ion Anderson model. Such an analysis has previously given excellent agreement between theory and experiment for numerous other light heavy-fermion compounds, where crystalline fields do not play a dominant role. For YbPd_2Si_2, substantial crystalline-field splittings make difficult a quantitative comparison with existing exact solutions of the Anderson model. Inconsistencies with the interpretation that a nearly degenerate ground quadruplet determines the low-temperature thermodynamics are pointed out. It is concluded that at least three of the four Kramers doublets participate in the low-T properties. These three doublets should have a splitting of the order of the Kondo temperature, i.e., about ...

130

First plasma experiment on spherical tokamak device UTST

The available experimental data on the specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, valence, NMR Knight shift and relaxation rate, and the quadrupolar moment of YbPd{sub 2}Si{sub 2} are examined within the framework of the single-ion Anderson model. Such an analysis has previously given excellent agreement between theory and experiment for numerous other light heavy-fermion compounds, where crystalline fields do not play a dominant role. For YbPd{sub 2}Si{sub 2}, substantial crystalline-field splittings make difficult a quantitative comparison with existing exact solutions of the Anderson model. Inconsistencies with the interpretation that a nearly degenerate ground quadruplet determines the low-temperature thermodynamics are pointed out. It is concluded that at least three of the four Kramers doublets participate in the low-{ital T} properties. These three doublets should have a splitting of the order of the ...

1992-07-01

131

New Forming Limits For Light Alloys By Means Of Electromagnetic Forming And Numerical Simulation Of The Process

The UTST (University of Tokyo Spherical Tokamak) device was constructed for the purpose of exploring the formation of ultra-high beta ST (Spherical Tokamak) plasma using the double null plasma merging method. When two plasmas merge together to form a single plasma, magnetic field lines reconnect, and the magnetic field energy is converted to the plasma kinetic energy, increasing the plasma beta. The merging start-up has been demonstrated in the TS-3/4, START and MAST devices using coils inside the vacuum vessel and TS-3 plasma obtained 50% beta. In order to demonstrate the start-up in a more reactor relevant situation, UTST has all poloidal field coils outside the vacuum vessel. The first plasma experiment on the UTST was performed from December, 2007. In the result, the plasma obtained 10 kA by using only outer PF coils and single ST was generated at the lower area (z=-0.3 - -1.0[m]) close to a washer gun. This result ...

2009-04-01

132

New Forming Limits For Light Alloys By Means Of Electromagnetic Forming And Numerical Simulation Of The Process

It is well known that one of the main advantages of the high speed forming (HSF) processes is the improvement in the forming limits of the used materials.Using the Electromagnetic Forming (EMF) technology two materials have been tested with different mechanical and physical properties: the AA5754 aluminium and the AZ31B magnesium alloys.The EMF process principle can be described as follows: A significant amount of electrical energy is stored in a bank of capacitors which are suddenly discharged releasing all the stored energy. This electric discharge runs through a coil which generates an intense transient magnetic field. At the same time transient Eddy currents are induced in the electrically conductive part placed some millimetres far from the coil. Another intense magnetic field is generated due to those Eddy currents but on the opposite direction as the one generated by the coil. A big magnetic repulsion force is ...

2007-04-07

133

In-beam #gamma#-ray spectroscopy of fast beams at the NSCL

It is well known that one of the main advantages of the high speed forming (HSF) processes is the improvement in the forming limits of the used materials.Using the Electromagnetic Forming (EMF) technology two materials have been tested with different mechanical and physical properties: the AA5754 aluminium and the AZ31B magnesium alloys.The EMF process principle can be described as follows: A significant amount of electrical energy is stored in a bank of capacitors which are suddenly discharged releasing all the stored energy. This electric discharge runs through a coil which generates an intense transient magnetic field. At the same time transient Eddy currents are induced in the electrically conductive part placed some millimetres far from the coil. Another intense magnetic field is generated due to those Eddy currents but on the opposite direction as the one generated by the coil. A big magnetic repulsion force is ...

2007-04-07

134

Improved SSAMS performance

With the development of an array of highly-segmented germanium detectors, it now becomes possible to perform in-flight #gamma#-ray spectroscopy experiments on intermediate energy beams with unprecedented #gamma#-ray energy resolution. Presented in this report are examples of two techniques in which SeGA, the most highly-segmented operational germanium array for in-flight spectroscopy with fast beams, was used for the detection of #gamma# rays. SeGA used in conjunction with a high-resolution magnetic spectrograph (S800) to detect the reaction residues in coincidence represents a powerful combination for in-beam #gamma#-ray studies.

2004-04-05

135

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We operate a new NEC 250kV single-stage accelerator mass spectrometer (SSAMS) next to our established 5MV tandem. This permits good comparison of 14C-AMS and challenges SSAMS performance. Initial SSAMS ion-optical deficiencies have been addressed by shimming the injection magnet and 3permil 14C/13C measurement with background limited by sample chemistry is routine. Higher-precision analysis is also achievable. A problematic measurement interference remains, however. The small spectrometer was procured to add measurement capacity, and for experiments with positive ions, but is now the preferred instrument for both convenience and measurement quality.

2010-01-01

136

Expansion Rate Measurements at Moderate Pressure of Nonneutral Electron Plasmas in the Electron Diffusion Gauge (EDG) Experiment

Enriched lithium collection from lithium plasma flow

Measurements of the expansion rate of pure-electron plasmas have been performed on the Electron Diffusion Gauge (EDG) device at background helium gas pressures in the 5 x 10(superscript -8) Torr to 1 x 10(superscript -5) Torr range, where plasma expansion due to electron-neutral collisions dominates over plasma expansion due to trap asymmetries. It is found that the expansion rate, defined as the time rate of change of the particles' mean-square radius, scales approximately linearly with pressure and inversely as the square of the magnetic field strength in this regime, in agreement with classical predictions.

2001-05-18

137

Determination of the #pi#1g/sub 9/2/ orbit size in "8"8Sr, "9"0Zr, and "9"2Mo from inelastic electron scattering

In order to understand the physical processes concerned with the selective heating by ion cyclotron resonance and with the subsequent collection of heated particles, experiments were carried out with the extraction of lithium samples, enriched with "6Li isotopes. Probe and integral extractors allow to collect enriched Li at the end of the selective heating region. Surface density distribution on the collector and local isotopic content of lithium are measured, as a function of the screen height and the retarding potential. Dependence of the collected amount of lithium and of its isotopic content on the value of the magnetic field is also measured. 4 figs., 2 tabs., 5 refs.

138

Automatic beam position control at Los Alamos Spallation Radiation Effects Facility (LASREF)

A study of the #pi#1g/sub 9/2/ orbit size in "8"8Sr, "9"0Zr, and "9"2Mo is presented. The rms radius for the point-proton density is extracted by studying transitions to 8"+ states in these nuclei. The radii are consistently larger than a value determined in a magnetic electron scattering experiment on "9"3Nb. A qualitative discussion of the ground state occupation of the #pi#1g/sub 9/2/ orbit based on the transition amplitudes to the 8"+ states is given.

139

The PAMELA space experiment: first year of operation

Historically the Los Alamos Spallation Radiation Effects Facility (LASREF) has used manual methods to control the position of the 800 kW, 800 MeV proton beam on targets. New experiments, however, require more stringent position control more frequently than can be done manually for long periods of time. Data from an existing harp is used to automatically adjust steering magnets to maintain beam position to required tolerances.

1997-08-01

140

Strong fields and recycled accelerator parts as a laboratory for fundamental physics

On the 15th of June 2006 the PAMELA experiment, mounted on the Resurs DK1 satellite, was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. PAMELA is a satellite-borne apparatus designed to study charged particles in the cosmic radiation, to investigate the nature of dark matter, measuring the cosmic-ray antiproton and positron spectra over the largest energy range ever achieved, and to search for antinuclei with unprecedented sensitivity. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail catcher scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows charged particle identification over a wide energy range.

2008-05-15

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141

Retroperitoneoscopic partial adrenalectomy for small adrenal tumours (<=1 cm): the Ruijin clinical experience in 88 patients

Over the last few years it has become increasingly clear that low energy, but high precision experiments provide a powerful and complementary window to physics beyond the Standard Model. In this note we illuminate this by using minicharged particles as an example. We argue that minicharged particles arise naturally in extensions of the Standard Model. Compatibility with charge quantization arguments suggests that minicharged particles typically arise together with a massless hidden sector U(1) gauge field. We present several low energy experiments employing strong lasers, electric and magnetic fields that can be used to search for (light) minicharged particles and their accompanying U(1) gauge boson.

2009-12-01

142

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Study Type - Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVE To present our experience of retroperitoneoscopic partial adrenalectomy (RPA) for small adrenal tumours, as with modern imaging methods small adrenal lesions are being diagnosed more commonly, and retroperitoneoscopic adrenal surgery for small adrenal tumours (PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 389 consecutive retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomies from September 2005 to December 2008, 88 of which were small adrenal tumours and treated by RPA. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) were used in all patients before RPA, and magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography/CT in some patients. We used RPA for adrenal tumours and total adrenalectomy for adrenal cancer. During the surgery...

2010-01-01

143

Multi-GeV electron spectrometer

Shared-memory performance of multiple computer terminals in parallel distributed information-processing systems

The advance in laser-plasma acceleration techniques pushes the regime of the resulting accelerated particles to higher energies and intensities. In particular the upcoming experiments with the FLAME laser at LNF will enter the GeV regime with almost 1nC of electrons. From the current status of understanding of the acceleration mechanism, relatively large angular and energy spreads are expected. There is therefore the need to develop a device capable to measure the energy of electrons over three orders of magnitude (few MeV to few GeV) under still unknown angular divergences. Within the PlasmonX experiment at LNF a spectrometer is being constructed to perform these measurements. It is made of an electro-magnet and a screen made of scintillating fibers for the measurement of the trajectories of the particles. The large range of operation, the huge number of particles and the need to focus the divergence present unprecedented ...

2010-11-11

144

Programming resistive switching memory by a charged capacitor

A system model for transmission of computer user's data with a finite number of regular users in a resource-sharing mode in parallel distributed information-processing systems is considered. The mini/microcomputer included in the system model is considered to be receiving the mixed arrival data of the user from a picture-phone terminal with uniformly-distributed data arrivals and a teletypewriter terminal with Erlang-distributed data arrivals. The large-memory performance of the mini/microcomputer is analysed with the mixed input data, constant service-times, synchronous transmission and single server interruption through a first-order Markov process. A simple and general approach to calculate the data arrivals from picture-phone and teletypewriter terminals and their mixed data arrivals is presented. Expressions for memory content probability and average queueing delay are derived. The application of the model is illustrated by ...

1984-03-01

145

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Resistive switching memory is a very promising technology for emerging nonvolatile memory applications. Generally, the switching behavior is triggered by a sweep or pulse voltage. In this paper, a charged capacitor is proposed to be used as the external electrical source to program a resistive switching element. From theoretical analyses based on a set behavior model, the capacitor approach can program the device efficiently. Compared with sweep or pulse mode, capacitor driving method can greatly reduce over-programming after the set event, and thus improve the resistance uniformity. The experimental results performed on Cu/ZrO2:Cu/Pt device support this conclusion quite well. The proposed methodology has great value for achieving a reliable resistive switching, which is important for high...

2011-01-01

146

Olfactory memory is impaired in a triple transgenic model of Alzheimer disease

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Olfactory memory dysfunctions were investigated in the triple-transgenic murine model of Alzheimer's disease (3x Tg-AD). In the social transmission of food preference test, 3x Tg-AD mice presented severe deficits in odor-based memory, without gross changes in general odor-ability. Ab and tau immunoreactivity was not observed in the primary processing regions for odor, the olfactory bulbs (OBs), whereas marked immunostaining was present in the piriform, entorhinal, and orbitofrontal cortex, as well as in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that the impairment in olfactory-based information processing might arise from degenerative mechanisms mostly affecting higher cortical regions and limbic areas, such as the hippocampus.

2011-01-01

147

Mental time travel and the shaping of language.

Mechanical deformation and tensile super-elastic behaviors of a Ti-Mo based shape memory alloy

Episodic memory can be regarded as part of a more general system, unique to humans, for mental time travel, and the construction of future episodes. This allows more detailed planning than is afforded by the more general mechanisms of instinct, learning, and semantic memory. To be useful, episodic memory need not provide a complete or even a faithful record of past events, and may even be part of a process whereby we construct fictional accounts. The properties of language are aptly designed for the communication and sharing of episodes, and for the telling of stories; these properties include symbolic representation of the elements of real-world events, time markers, and combinatorial rules. Language and mental time travel probably co-evolved during the Pleistocene, when brain size increased dramatically. PMID:18641975

2008-07-19

148

A memory-based model of Hick's law

Ni-free shape memory alloys are promising functional materials for medical applications. A newly developed Ti-Mo based shape memory alloy shows superelasticity after thermomechanical treatment. However, the microstructure evolution and precipitation during thermomechanical processes are still not well understood. In the present paper, compressive deformation behavior at a series of temperatures of 298K - 973K and tensile deformation behavior of the alloy after aged at 573K - 973K have been investigated systematically. It is found that the compressive yield stress and ultimate compressive strength change with the deformation temperature. The ultimate tensile strength and yield stress of aged specimens also change with the aging temperature following a non-linear relationship. Microstructures of aged specimens as well as effects of lattice softening and aging-induced precipitates on the deformation behavior have been investigated and discussed.

2011-03-01

149

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We propose and evaluate a memory-based model of Hick's law, the approximately linear increase in choice reaction time with the logarithm of set size (the number of stimulus-response alternatives). According to the model, Hick's law reflects a combination of associative interference during retrieval from declarative memory and occasional savings for stimulus-response repetitions due to non-retrieval. Fits to existing data sets show that the model accounts for the basic set-size effect, changes in the set-size effect with practice, and stimulus-response-repetition effects that challenge the information-theoretic view of Hick's law. We derive the model's prediction of an interaction between set size, stimulus fan (the number of responses associated with a particular stimulus), and stimulus-re...

2011-01-01

150

Specification of the steel sheet for the 300 GeV magnet system

Radial Halbach Magnetic Bearings

Specification of the steel sheet for the 300 GeV magnet system

1971-01-01

151

Magnetic phase transition in UPd_2Si_2

Radial Halbach magnetic bearings have been investigated as part of an effort to develop increasingly

2009-01-01

152

Magnetic forming of resistive materials

... fields magnetic moments neel temperature neutron diffraction order-disorder

153

Magnetic forming coil design and development summary report

Necessary theoretical foundation is given for the treatment of magnetic stresses applied to

1969-01-01

154

Magnetic Measurement of PLS Storage Ring Prototype Dipole Magnet

Magnetic forming coil design and development

1964-01-01

155

Large scale magnetic field measurements and mapping

Full Text Available

1992-06-01

156

ELECTRICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC ASPECTS OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC AND MAGNETIC FORMING

Large scale magnetic field measurements and mapping

1984-01-01

157

Development of an Active Magnetic Noise Shielding System for a Permanent Magnet Based MRI

Discussion of an electrohydraulic and magnetic forming process

1963-01-01

158

metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) has a critical role in inhibitory learning

Full Text Available

2003-05-01

159

When Top-Down Meets Bottom-Up: Auditory Training Enhances Verbal Memory in Schizophrenia

The mechanisms that contribute to the extinction of previously acquired memories are not well understood. These processes, often referred to as inhibitory learning, are thought to be parallel...Full Text Available

2009-03-25

160

Time-Dependent Expression of Arc and Zif268 after Acquisition of Fear Conditioning

A critical research priority for our field is to develop treatments that enhance cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and thereby attenuate the functional losses associated with the illness. In this...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

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161

Separating kindling and LTP: Lessons from studies of PKMzeta in developing and adult rats

Memory consolidation requires transcription and translation of new protein. Arc, an effector immediate early gene, and zif268, a regulatory transcription factor, have been implicated in synaptic plasticity...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

162

RasGrf1 deficiency delays aging in mice

The kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy and the memory model of long-term potentiation (LTP) may have common underlying mechanisms. This is evident by the demonstration that certain signaling...Full Text Available

2009-04-10

163

Phonetic recalibration does not depend on working memory

RasGRF1 is a Ras-guanine nucleotide exchange factor implicated in a variety of physiological processes including learning and memory and glucose homeostasis. To determine the role of RASGRF1 in aging,...Full Text Available

164

Minocycline Synergizes with N-Acetylcysteine and Improves Cognition and Memory Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

Listeners use lipread information to adjust the phonetic boundary between two speech categories (phonetic recalibration, Bertelson et al. 2003). Here, we examined...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

165

Memories of John N. Brady: scientist, mentor and friend

BackgroundThere are no drugs presently available to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI). A variety of single drugs have failed clinical trials suggesting a role for drug combinations....Full Text Available

166

Learning an Operant Conditioning Task Differentially Induces Gliogenesis in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus

Friends and colleagues remember John N. Brady, Ph.D., Chief of the Virus Tumor Biology Section of the Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, who died much too young at the age of 57 on April 27, 2009 of colon...Full Text Available

167

In silico modeling of the specific inhibitory potential of thiophene-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine against BChE in the formation of ?-amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease

Circuit modification associated with learning and memory involves multiple events, including the addition and remotion of newborn cells trough adulthood. Adult neurogenesis and gliogenesis were mainly...Full Text Available

168

Fabrication and in vitro deployment of a laser-activated shape memory polymer vascular stent

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease, known to be associated with the gradual loss of memory, is characterized by low concentration of acetylcholine in the hippocampus and cortex part of...Full Text Available

169

Dynamin-dependent NMDAR endocytosis during LTD and its dependence on synaptic state

BackgroundVascular stents are small tubular scaffolds used in the treatment of arterial stenosis (narrowing of the vessel). Most vascular stents are metallic and are deployed either...Full Text Available

170

BackgroundThe N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor expressed at excitatory glutamatergic synapses is required for learning and memory and is critical for normal brain...Full Text Available

171

A Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies on Disruption of Spatial Navigation by Prenatal Cocaine Exposure

Naturally acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria in malaria holoendemic areas is characterized by the gradual, age-related development of protection against high-density...Full Text Available

172

A Humanin Derivative Reduces Amyloid Beta Accumulation and Ameliorates Memory Deficit in Triple Transgenic Mice

Water-maze testing has been used to assess prenatal cocaine (PCOC)- induced deficits in behavioral studies of spatial navigation and memory abilities. Effects of PCOC in acquisition or in probe...Full Text Available

2007-01-01

173

A History of Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity

Humanin (HN), a 24-residue peptide, was identified as a novel neuroprotective factor and shows anti-cell death activity against a wide spectrum of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cytotoxicities, including...Full Text Available

174

Magnetic separation of antibiotics by electrochemical magnetic seeding

How learning and memory is achieved in the brain is a central question in neuroscience. Key to today’s research into information storage in the brain is the concept of synaptic plasticity, a...Full Text Available

175

Neutron radiography at the University of Michigan's Phoenix Memorial Laboratory

Magnetic separation of several classes of antibiotics was investigated using electrochemical magnetic seeding. Electrocoagulation with a sacrificial anode followed by addition of magnetite particles was applied for the magnetic seeding of antibiotics. With electrochemical magnetic seeding using an iron anode, tetracycline antibiotics (oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline and tetracycline) and cephalosporin antibiotic (cefdinir) were rapidly removed from synthetic wastewater by magnetic separation using a neodymium magnet. Iron and aluminium anodes were suitable for magnetic seeding of the antibiotics. The results indicated that the ability of antibiotics to form strong complex with iron and aluminium allowed the higher removal by magnetic separation. This method would be appropriate for rapid treatment of ...

2009-03-01

176

Mastery of risks: we build the memory of radioactive waste disposal facilities

Real-time neutron radiography (RTNR) is rapidly becoming a valuable tool for nondestructive testing and basic research with a wide variety of applications. The Phoenix Memorial Laboratory (PML) at the University of Michigan has developed an RTNR facility and has been using this facility to study several phenomena of interest to researchers in many areas. These phenomena include imaging of the internal fluid flow in gas turbine engine nozzles and coking and debris deposition in several gas turbine nozzles. This paper presents a summary of the technique and facilities involved in these applications.

1990-06-10

177

Results of Compact Stellarator Engineering Trade Studies

The ANDRA, the French national agency of radioactive wastes, is organizing today the information needs of tomorrow. The aim is to allow the future generations to have access to the knowledge of the existence of subsurface radioactive waste facilities and to understand the context and technologies of such facilities. The storage of this information is made on 'permanent paper', a high resistant paper with a lifetime of 600 to 1000 years. An updating of these data is made every 5 years for each waste disposal center. Another project, still in progress, concerns the memory management of deep geologic waste disposal facilities for which the time scale to be considered is of the order of millennia. (J.S.)

178

Results of Compact Stellarator Eengineering Trade Studies

number of technical requirements and performance criteria can drive stellarator costs, e.g., tight tolerances, accurate coil positioning, low aspect ratio (compactness), choice of assembly strategy, metrology, and complexity of the stellarator coil geometry. With the completion of a seven-year design and construction effort of the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) it is useful to interject the NCSX experience along with the collective experiences of the NCSX stellarator community to improving the stellarator configuration. Can improvements in maintenance be achieved by altering the stellarator magnet configuration with changes in the coil shape or with the combination of trim coils? Can a mechanical configuration be identified that incorporates a partial set of shaped fixed stellarator coils along with some removable coil set to enhance the overall machine maintenance? Are there other ...

2009-05-27

179

Optical Feshbach Resonances in Alkaline Earth Atoms

A number of technical requirements and performance criteria can drive stellarator costs, e.g., tight tolerances, accurate coil positioning, low aspect ratio (compactness), choice of assembly strategy, metrology, and complexity of the stellarator coil geometry. With the completion of a seven-year design and construction effort of the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) it is useful to interject the NCSX experience along with the collective experiences of the NCSX stellarator community to improving the stellarator configuration. Can improvements in maintenance be achieved by altering the stellarator magnet configuration with changes in the coil shape or with the combination of trim coils? Can a mechanical configuration be identified that incorporates a partial set of shaped fixed stellarator coils along with some removable coil set to enhance the overall machine maintenance? Are there other ...

2009-09-25

180

Launch of the Space experiment PAMELA

Recent proposals have shown that a quantum degenerate gas of alkaline earth atoms can be used for a number of novel quantum computing and quantum simulation experiments. Strontium is a good candidate for such experiments because it can be controlled with high precision, as demonstrated in recent atomic clock experiments. Unfortunately, the small scattering length of strontium is not amenable to evaporative cooling techniques that are used to reach quantum degeneracy. Furthermore, increasing the scattering length of alkaline earths with a magnetic Feshbach resonance is not possible due to their spinless electronic ground state configuration. However, recent theoretical and experimental work suggests the possibility of changing scattering lengths in alkaline earths with laser light. Using this optical Feshbach resonance near strontium's narrow ^1S0->^3P1 intercombination transition might allow its ...

2009-10-01

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181

Front-End-Electronics Communication software for multiple detectors in the ALICE experiment

PAMELA is a satellite borne experiment designed to study with great accuracy cosmic rays of galactic, solar, and trapped nature in a wide energy range protons: 80 MeV-700 GeV, electrons 50 MeV-400 GeV). Main objective is the study of the antimatter component: antiprotons (80 MeV-190 GeV), positrons (50 MeV-270 GeV) and search for antimatter with a precision of the order of 10^-8). The experiment, housed on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite, was launched on June, 15, 2006 in a 350*600 km orbit with an inclination of 70 degrees. The detector is composed of a series of scintillator counters arranged at the extremities of a permanent magnet spectrometer to provide charge, Time-of-Flight and rigidity information. Lepton/hadron identification is performed by a Silicon-Tungsten calorimeter and a Neutron detector placed at the bottom of the device. An Anticounter system is used offline to reject false triggers coming from the ...

2007-01-01

182

Data Compression on Zero Suppressed High Energy Physics Data

In the ALICE experiment at CERN, the Detector Control System (DCS) employs several interacting software components to accomplish its task of ensuring the correct operation and monitoring of the experiment. This paper describes the Front-End-Electronics Communication (FeeCommunication) software and its role within the DCS. The FeeCommunication software's central task is passing configuration and monitoring data between the top level DCS process control and the field devices of several detectors within ALICE. The lowest level of the FeeCommunication software runs on the DCS boards, specialized embedded systems which are in direct contact with the field devices and are physically located within the detector. The middle and upper layers run on standard PC hardware located in the counting room or other external locations. This paper focuses on the design and implementation of the FeeCommunication software and the steps that were taken to ...

2006-02-15

183

Analysis of the Semileptonic Decay D0 --> anti-K0 pi- mu+ nu

Future High Energy Physics experiments will produce unprecedented data volumes (up to 1 GB/s [1]). In most cases it will be impossible to analyse these data in real time and they will have to be stored on durable mostly magnetic linear media (e.g. tapes) for later analysis. This threatens to become a major cost factor for the running of these experiments. Here we present some ideas developed together with the Institute of Computer Graphics, Department for Algorithms and Programming on how this volume and the related cost can be reduced significantly. The algorithms presented are not general ones but aimed in particular to physics experiments data. Taking advantage of the knowledge of the data they are highly superior to general ones (Huffman, LZW, arithmetic coding) both in compression rate but more importantly in speed as to keep up with the output rate to modern tape drives. Above standard algorithms ...

1996-01-01

184

Hybrid Simulations of Mini Magnetospheres in the Laboratory

This thesis describes the analysis of the semileptonic decay D{sup 0} {yields} {bar K}{sup 0} {pi}{sup -} {mu}{sup +}{nu} using FOCUS data. FOCUS is a fixed target experiment at Fermilab that studies the physics of the charm quark. Particles containing charm are produced by photon-gluon fusion from the collision of a photon beam on a BeO target. The experiment is characterized by excellent vertex resolution and particle identification. The spectrometer consists of three systems for track reconstruction (two silicon systems and one multiwire proportional chamber system) and two magnets of opposite polarity. The polarity of the magnet is such that the events of e{sup +}e{sup -} pairs produced in the target (which constitutes the main background) travel through a central opening in the detectors without interactions. Particle momentum is measured from the deflection angle in the ...

2004-11-01

185

Stability and disturbance of large dc superconducting magnets

We use a massively parallel 3D hybrid particle code, dHybrid, to simulate the deflection of plasma beams by a dipole like magnetic field in a laboratory environment. Dipole magnetic fields, along with a plasma injection source to inflate the magnetic field, are now being studied as means of deflecting solar wind and Energetic Particles away from spacecrafts [1,2,3]. We have considered three setups, consistent with the experiments, with a plasma beam fired at i) a dipole field with no plasma injection, ii) a plasma injection source with no dipole field and iii) a dipole field with a plasma injection source. The hybrid simulations help understand the relevant physical phenomena, and enable extrapolation to space plasma scenarios, where setups are similar but plasma parameters differ significantly. The simulation results consistently show the plasma beam being deflected by the dipole field, in the first ...

2007-11-01

186

Single crystal growth and magnetic structure investigations of Er_2PdSi_3 and Tm_2PdSi_3 intermetallic compounds

This paper addresses the stability aspects of several successful dc superconducting magnets such as large bubble chamber magnets, and magnets for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility and MHD Research Facility. Specifically, it will cover Argonne National Laboratory 12-Foot Bubble Chamber magnets, the 15-foot Bubble Chamber magnets at Fermi National Laboratory, the MFTF-B Magnet System at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the U-25B Bypass MHD Magnet, and the CFFF Superconducting MHD magnet built by Argonne National Laboratory. All of these magnets are cooled in pool-boiling mode. Magnet design is briefly reviewed. Discussed in detail are the adopted stability critera, analyses of stability and disturbance, stability simulation, and the final results of magnet ...

1981-11-11

187

Magnetic braking of the rotation of molecular cloud cores

... magnetic susceptibility magnetization monocrystals neutron diffraction

2006-03-27

188

We investigate the magnetic braking of the core of an axisymmetric cloud whose rotation axis is parallel to the mean direction of the magnetic field. (author).

189

LHC magnet alignment

Test Bed for Superconducting Materials

Checks are performed on the alignment of the magnets in the LHC tunnel. It is vital that each magnet is placed exactly where it has been designed so that the path of the beam is precisely controlled.

2007-01-01

190

Superconducting rf cavities are increasingly used in accelerators. Gradient is a parameter of particular importance for the ILC. Much progress in gradient has been made over the past decade, overcoming problems of multipacting, field emission, and breakdown triggered by surface impurities. However, the quenching limit of the surface magnetic field for niobium remains a hard limitation on cavity fields sustainable with this technology. Further exploration of materials and preparation may offer a path to surpassing the current limit. For this purpose, we have designed a resonant test cavity. One wall of the cavity is formed by a flat sample of superconducting material; the rest of the cavity is copper or niobium. The H field on the sample wall is 75% higher than on any other surface. Multipacting is avoided by use of a mode with no surface electric field. The cavity will be resonated through a coupling iris with high-power rf at superconducting temperature until the ...

2006-01-30

191

Managing system for mounted parts and spare parts of power source facilities

Many important advances in the physics of strongly correlated electron systems have been driven by the development of new materials: for instance the filled skutterudites MT4X12 (M=alkali metal, alkaline earth, lanthanide, or actinide; T=Fe, Ru, or Os; X=P, As, or Sb), certain lanthanide and actinide intermetallic compounds such as URu2-xRexSi2 and CeTIn5 (T=Co, Rh, or Ir), and layered oxypnictides and related materials. These types of complex multinary d- and f-electron compounds have proven to be a vast reservoir of novel strongly correlated electron ground states and phenomena. In these materials, the occurrence of such a wide range of ground states and phenomena arises from a delicate interplay between competing interactions that can be tuned by partial or complete substitution of one element for another, as well as the application of pressure, and magnetic fields, resulting in rich and complex electronic phase diagrams in the hyperspace of temperature, ...

2009-10-15

192

Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with heart valve prostheses

The power source facilities of JT-60 consist of poloidal magnetic coil power source, toroidal magnetic coil power source, the power generation facility for heating, operation power distribution facility and secondary cooling facility, and at the time of the experiment operation of JT-60, they supply 1300 MVA of instantaneous maximum power to loads. The component machinery and equipment of the power source facilities are installed in about 20 indoor and outdoor places, and their mounted parts are about 15,000 kinds. About 3,000 kinds of spare parts are preserved in 15 exclusively used stores. The managing system for mounted parts and spare parts of JT-60 power source facilities which possesses the functions of rapidly and efficiently carrying out the storage of large quantity of information, mutual relating and retrieval by making mounted parts and spare parts into a data base and doing their unified management with a ...

1995-07-01

193

Density separation of materials by using magnetic fluids

Artifical valve prostheses are often regarded as a contraindication for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although preliminary in vitro studies suggested, that patients with these metallic implants might safely undergo MR examination. This study reports on the experience with a group of 89 patients with 100 heart valve prostheses who were examined by spin-echo MR and gradient-echo MR. MR examination was performed in all patients without complications. The spin-echo sequence showed advantages in the depiction of anatomical structures like paravalvular abcesses. Anatomical structures adjacent to the artificial valve were clearly visivle and the metal components of the valves showes no or only small artifacts. Artifacts were accentuated when using gradient-echo sequences. Gradient-echo sequences provided valuable information regarding the presence of valvular insufficiency. Physiological valvular regurgitation was easy to differentiate from ...

194

Low temperature partly ionized plasma in magnetic fusion devices: Present status and prospects

The magnetic fluid is a colloidal suspension of magnetite in kerosene, prepared by a low-cost process. Separation is accomplished in an open trough filled with magnetic fluid. A magnetic field is established in the fluid, by energizing an electromagnet having poles on each side of the trough. Due to the design of the magnet poles and air gaps, the magnetic field is strongest at the bottom, about 10,000 oersteds, and uniformly decreases in strength to about 2000 oersteds at the top of the fluid. Therefore, the magnetic field gradient increases with depth. The magnetic force attracts the entire separation medium (magnetic fluid) creating a reaction force of equal magnitude and acting in the opposite direction. This reaction created within a magnetic fluid/magnetic field combination ...

1980-03-01

195

Mechanodynamical analysis of nickel-titanium alloys for orthodontics application; Analise mecanodinamica de ligas de niquel-titanio para aplicacao ortodontica

The most striking achievement in magnetic fusion experiments during last few years was the discovery of plasma detachment from material targets, a much needed effect for plasmas with high power fusion parameters. Due to the very low heat loads on the targets observed in these regimes and potentially low erosion of the targets, detached regimes look attractive from the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) design point of view. Thus the author has experimental proof for the possibility for a co-existence of fusion relevant hot plasma in the core and a low temperature partly ionized plasma at the edge of magnetic fusion device. Although somewhat similar behavior of edge plasma was considered theoretically even before plasma detachment was found experimentally, it was not clear in the beginning how these theoretical and experimental findings would fit together. Now, after a few years of intensive additional ...

1998-12-31

196

Physical and optical properties of rare earth cobalt magnets

Nickel-titanium alloys may coexist in more than one crystalline structure. There is a high temperature phase, austenite, and a low temperature phase, martensite. The metallurgical basis for the superelasticity and the shape memory effect relies in the ability of these alloys to transform easily from one phase to another. There are three essential factors for the orthodontist to understand nickel-titanium alloys behaviour: stress; deflection; and temperature. These three factors are related to each other by the stress-deflection, stress-temperature and deflection-temperature diagrams. This work was undertaken with the objective to analyse commercial nickel-titanium alloys for orthodontics application, using the dynamical mechanical analyser - DMA. Four NiTi 0,017 X 0,025'' archwires were studied. The archwires were Copper NiTi 35 deg C (Ormco), Neo Sentalloy F200 (GAC), Nitinol Superelastic (Unitek) and NiTi (GAC). The different mechanodynamical ...

2002-07-01

197

Measurement of Mesencephalic Tectum by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adults

Rare Earth Cobalt (REC) permanent magnets have unique properties that permit solutions to some optical tasks that cannot be accomplished with conventional magnets. A review of design and of performance characteristics of these magnets includes an analytical description of the three dimensional fringe fields of REC quadrupoles.

1980-08-01

198

Magnetic resonance imaging of the liver hemangioma

Full Text Available

1991-07-01

199

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neurologic Diseases

Full Text Available

1987-06-01

200

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Abdominal Disease

Full Text Available

1985-01-01

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201

MICROMAGNETISM OF HARD AND SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS

Full Text Available

1986-06-01

202

METHOD OF FORMING THIN MAGNETIC FILM

Full Text Available

1995-10-01

203

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING APPARATUS AND IMAGING METHOD

Full Text Available

2007-10-04

204

Fabrication and packaging of the vacuum magnetic field sensor

Full Text Available

2007-08-31

205

ECG Gated Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Normal Heart

Full Text Available

2001-09-01

206

ECG GAted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cardiovascular Disease

Full Text Available

1984-04-01

207

Artifacts by Dental Materials on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Full Text Available

1985-03-01

208

Two dimensional NMR and NMR relaxation studies of coal structure

Full Text Available

1992-05-01

209

Tools and methods for implementing the control systems on the Mirror Fusion Test Facility

This report covers the progress made on the title project for the project period. Four major areas of inquiry are being pursued. Advanced solid state NMR methods are being developed to assay the distribution of the various important functional groups that determine the reactivity of coals. Special attention is being paid to methods that are compatible with the very high magic angle sample spinning rates needed for operation at the high magnetic field strengths available today. Polarization inversion methods utilizing the difference in heat capacities of small groups of spins are particularly promising. Methods combining proton-proton spin diffusion with [sup 13]C CPMAS readout are being developed to determine the connectivity of functional groups in coals in a high sensitivity relay type of experiment. Additional work is aimed at delineating the role of methyl group rotation in the proton NMR relaxation behavior of coals.

1992-11-25

210

Steady particulate flows in a horizontal rotating cylinder

Installation of the major hardware subsystems for MFTF is nearing completion. These subsystems include the Fusion Chamber System, the eighty KV Neutral Beam System, the Superconducting Magnet System, and the Personnel Safety System. The Local Controls group has undertaken a uniform aproach to implementing the control systems for all of these hardware subsystems. This approach has two major aspects: (1) to provide a stand-alone computer control system with a remote, portable terminal so that computer control can be provided at the site of the hardware for initial testing, (2) to provide hardware simulators so that the complicated MFTF computer control system can be tested independent of the hardware. The software and hardware tools which were developed to carry out this plan will be described. Our experiences with bringing up subsystems containing up to 900 separate channels of control and status will also be described.

1981-09-29

211

State of the art simulations of magnicon

Results of discrete element method (DEM) simulation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments are compared for monodisperse granular materials flowing in a half-filled horizontal rotating cylinder. Because opacity is not a problem for MRI, a long cylinder with an aspect ratio {approximately}7 was used and the flow in a thin transverse slice near the center was studied. The particles were mustard seeds and the ratio of cylinder diameter to particle diameter was approximately 50. The parameters compared were dynamic angle of repose, velocity field in a plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis, and velocity fluctuations at rotation rates up to 30 rpm. The agreement between DEM and MRI was good when the friction coefficient and nonsphericity were adjusted in the simulation for the best fit. {copyright} {ital 1998 American Institute of Physics.}

1998-06-01

212

Stabilizing effect of the electron-beam self-fields on the phase-space trajectory in a self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser operating in ultraviolet and x-ray spectral ranges

The magnicon is a highly attractive candidate to be the RF source for a future multi-Tev linear collider. Physical models and computer codes have been developed which can provide start-to-end self-consistent simulations of a magnicon, including precise simulations of the high-convergence electron gun, RF-system, magnetic system, and beam collector. The 3-D beam dynamics simulations include realistic fields, finite beam size and transverse space charge effects. The codes allow one to provide steady-state simulations of the entire tube, so as to evaluate transient process of magnicon excitation, parasitic mode self-excitation, stability analysis, and tolerance analysis. The results of the simulations are found to be in good agreement with magnicon experiments. A brief description of the physical models and simulation codes employed will be given.

2002-12-12

213

Results from a Prototype Chicane-Based Energy Spectrometer for a Linear Collider

A detailed treatment is introduced to measure the dynamic stability of the relativistic electrons in a self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser (FEL) system, which includes the numerical approach of the Kolmogorov entropy (entropy-like quantity), the general equations of motion for a charged particle and the method of monitoring the simulation accuracy. Numerical experiments reveal a new phenomenon that there exists the possibility of the transition from chaotic to non-chaotic phase-space trajectories of the strongly relativistic electrons due to the effect of their self-fields. The adiabatic magnetic field of a one-dimensional wiggler may have a slight influence on the electron transportation in the absence of the FEL fields, but substantially affects the dynamic stability of the electrons in the process of the FEL interaction. Moreover, the laser fields diminish the dynamic stability of the electrons as the FEL interaction ...

2004-02-28

214

Overview of Cooling Water System for the KSTAR 1st Plasma Experiment

The International Linear Collider (ILC) and other proposed high energy e{sup +}e{sup -} machines aim to measure with unprecedented precision Standard Model quantities and new, not yet discovered phenomena. One of the main requirements for achieving this goal is a measurement of the incident beam energy with an uncertainty close to 10{sup -4}. This article presents the analysis of data from a prototype energy spectrometer commissioned in 2006-2007 in SLAC's End Station A beamline. The prototype was a 4-magnet chicane equipped with beam position monitors measuring small changes of the beam orbit through the chicane at different beam energies. A single bunch energy resolution close to 5 {center_dot} 10{sup -4} was measured, which is satisfactory for most scenarios. We also report on the operational experience with the chicane-based spectrometer and suggest ways of improving its performance.

2011-02-28

215

New Measurements of the Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio at Low Q{sup 2}

The KSTAR cooling water system (CWS) consists of a primary cooling water system (PCWS), a secondary cooling water system (SCWS), and a de-mineralizing and de-ionized water system (DIWS). The PCWS cooling loops have been made for the poloidal field (PF) and toroidal field (TF) magnet power supplies (MPS), vacuum vessel (VV), electron cyclotron heating (ECH), ion cyclotron heating (ICRH), vacuum pumps, diagnostics, helium facility, etc. The CWS had been done individual commissioning of each system to confirm the design specifications by the end of 2006 and had gradually begun operation for the KSTAR ancillary devices by March 2008

2009-05-01

216

Nano photonic sensors for microdamage detection : an exploratory simulation.

Polarization measurements are allowing the electric to magnetic form factor ratio of the proton to be determined with unprecedented precision. Recent results indicate that there is a large deviation from unity in the proton form factor ratio around Q{sup 2}{approx_equal}0.35 GeV{sup 2}. Furthermore, the deviation from unity is attributed to a deviation of the electric form factor from standard fits and calculations. A new, partially completed, experiment will significantly improve the existing data and will determine the presence, if any, of a narrow structure in the form factor ratio. The new measurement, combined with the expected high precision cross section measurements, will allow the extraction of individual form factors with unprecedented accuracy at low Q{sup 2}.

2009-08-15

217

Inflammatory spine disease as a cause of back pain

Nano photonic materials are synthetically manufactured crystals at the nano scale with the target of creating a microstructure with a special electro-magnetic periodicity. Such nano photonic materials have the ability to control light propagation and thus are capable of creating photonic bandgaps in the frequency domain. We propose using nano photonic crystals as sensors to detect microdamage in composite materials. We demonstrate using a simulation model that a nano photonic sensor attached to a composite bar experiences a significant change in its bandgap profile when damage is induced in the composite bar. The model predicts the frequency response of the nano photonic sensor using the transfer matrix method. A damage metric to evaluate the change in the frequency response is developed. Successful developments of nano photonic sensors allow damage identification at scales not attainable using current sensing technologies.

2005-04-01

218

Hyperfine Interactions in USb2 Crystal

The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of inflammatory spine disease in patients with chronic back pain. The contribution of imaging modalities for the diagnostic evaluation of back pain is discussed. A systematic literature search based on the classification of seronegative spondyloarthropathies and rheumatoid arthritis was performed. The results of this search and the experiences in a large collective of rheumatological patients are analyzed. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (1-2%) is comparable to that of spondyloarthropathies (1.9%). The etiology of these entities is not fully elucidated. Magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly used for early detection and surveillance of therapy with TNF-#alpha# antagonists. Bone marrow edema, which is only detectable with MRI, represents an early sign of inflammation. Therapy with TNF-#alpha# antagonists is based on clinical and laboratory criteria, and signs of inflammation in MRI. MRI ...

2006-06-01

219

Experimental parameterization of an energy function for the simulation of unfolded proteins

The hyperfine interactions at the uranium site in the antiferromagnetic USb2 compound were calculated within the density functional theory (DFT) employing the augmented plane wave plus local orbital (APW+lo) method. We investigated the dependence of the nuclear quadruple interactions to the magnetic structure in USb2 compound. The investigation were performed applying the so called band correlated LDA+U theory self consistently. The self consistent LDA+U calculations were gradually added to the performed generalized gradient approximation (GGA) including scalar relativistic spin orbit interactions in a second variation scheme. The result, which is in agreement with experiment, shows that the 5f-electrons have the tendency to be hybridized with the conduction electrons in the ferromagnetic uranium planes.

2006-01-01

220

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The determination of conformational preferences in unfolded and disordered proteins is an important challenge in structural biology. We here describe an algorithm to optimize energy functions for the simulation of unfolded proteins. The procedure is based on the maximum likelihood principle and employs a fast and efficient gradient descent method to find the set of parameters of the energy function that best explain the experimental data. We first validate the method by using synthetic reference data, and subsequently apply the algorithms to data from nuclear magnetic resonance spin-labeling experiments on the Delta 131 Delta fragment of Staphylococcal nuclease. A significant strength of the procedure that we present is that it directly uses experimental data to optimize the energy parameters, without relying on the availability of high resolution structures. The procedure is fully general and can be applied to a range of experimental data and ...

2008-01-01

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221

Effect of Two-Boson Exchange on Parity-Violating e-p Scattering

Determination of the. pi. 1g/sub 9/2/ orbit size in /sup 88/Sr, /sup 90/Zr, and /sup 92/Mo from inelastic electron scattering

We compute the corrections from two-photon and {gamma}-Z exchange in parity-violating elastic electron-proton scattering, used to extract the strange form factors of the proton. We use a hadronic formalism that successfully reconciled the earlier discrepancy in the proton's electron to magnetic form factor ratio, suitably extended to the weak sector. Implementing realistic electroweak form factors, we find effects of the order 2%-3% at Q{sup 2} < or approx. 0.1 GeV{sup 2}, which are largest at backward angles and have a strong Q{sup 2} dependence at low Q{sup 2}. Two-boson contributions to the weak axial current are found to be enhanced at low Q{sup 2} and for forward angles. We provide corrections at kinematics relevant for recent and upcoming parity-violating experiments.

2008-02-29

222

Biopolymer system for permeability modification in porous media

A study of the ..pi..1g/sub 9/2/ orbit size in /sup 88/Sr, /sup 90/Zr, and /sup 92/Mo is presented. The rms radius for the point-proton density is extracted by studying transitions to 8/sup +/ states in these nuclei. The radii are consistently larger than a value determined in a magnetic electron scattering experiment on /sup 93/Nb. A qualitative discussion of the ground state occupation of the ..pi..1g/sub 9/2/ orbit based on the transition amplitudes to the 8/sup +/ states is given.

1985-09-01

223

New technologies are needed to reduce the current high rate of well abandonment. Improved sweep efficiency, reservoir conformance, and permeability modification can have a significant impact on oil recovery processes. Microorganisms can be used to selectively plug high-permeability zones to improve sweep efficiency and impart conformance control. Studies of a promising microbial system for polymer production were conducted to evaluate reservoir conditions in which this system would be effective. Factors which can affect microbial growth and polymer production include salinity, pH, temperature, divalent ions, presence of residual oil, and rock matrix. Flask tests and coreflooding experiments were conducted to optimize and evaluate the effectiveness of this system. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) was used to visualize microbial polymer production in porous media. Changes in fluid distribution within the pore system of the core were ...

1995-12-31

224

NASA TECH BRIEF

Measurement of nuclear magnetic moments by perturbed polarization-directional angular correlation

Magnetic Forming Studies. The use of transient high magnetic-field devices has made possible the generation of very large accurately ...

225

Magnetic properties of single crystalline RE_2PdSi_3 intermetallic compounds

... radiations isotopes magnetic moments nuclear cascades nuclear properties

226

Finite Element Analysis of Magnetoelastic Plate Problems.

... susceptibility magnetization magnetoresistance monocrystals order-disorder

227

Design of a kW, DC Magnetically Contained Electrothermal ...

... in the design of such devices as fusion reactors, magnetohydrodynamic generators, magnetically levitated vehicles, magnetic forming devices, and ...

1981-08-01

228

An investigation of the decoupling effects in a magnetic forming beryllium coil assembly.

... magnetic containment field lines which is zero on the center line of the toroidal containment tube and increases in magnitude with ...

1988-07-01

229

An Experimental Study on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hematoma Part I : An Expeimental Study on Magnetic Resonance Imagingof Blood

Decoupling force exerted by magnetic forming Be coil assembly on metallic plate during forming

1968-01-01

230

Progress of magnetic-suspension systems and magnetic bearings in the USSR

Full Text Available

1987-06-01

231

International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology. Part 2

This paper traces the development and progress of magnetic suspension systems and magnetic bearings in the USSR. The paper describes magnetic bearings for turbomachines, magnetic suspension systems for vibration isolation, some special measuring devices, wind tunnels, and other applications. The design, principles of operation, and dynamic characteristics of the system are presented.

1992-05-01

232

The Pamela Cosmic Ray Space Observatory: Detector, Objectives and First Results

In order to examine the state of technology of all areas of magnetic suspension and to review related recent developments in sensors and controls approaches, superconducting magnet technology, and design/implementation practices, a symposium was held. The proceedings are presented. The sessions covered the areas of bearings, sensors and controls, microgravity and vibration isolation, superconductivity, manufacturing applications, wind tunnel magnetic suspension systems, magnetically levitated trains (MAGLEV), space applications, and large gap magnetic suspension systems.

1991-08-19

233

Preshock desensitization of PBX explosives

PAMELA is a satellite borne experiment designed to study with great accuracy cosmic rays of galactic, solar, and trapped nature in a wide energy range (protons: 80 MeV-700 GeV, electrons 50 MeV-400 GeV). Main objective is the study of the antimatter component: antiprotons (80 MeV-190 GeV), positrons (50 MeV-270 GeV) and search for antimatter with a precision of the order of $10^{-8}$). The experiment, housed on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite, was launched on June, 15 2006 in a $350\\times 600 km$ orbit with an inclination of 70 degrees. The detector is composed of a series of scintillator counters arranged at the extremities of a permanent magnet spectrometer to provide charge, Time-of-Flight and rigidity information. Lepton/hadron identification is performed by a Silicon-Tungsten calorimeter and a Neutron detector placed at the bottom of the device. An Anticounter system is used offline to reject false triggers ...

2009-01-01

234

Paul Trap Simulator Experiment to Model Intense Beam Propagation in Alternating-gradient Transport Systems

Preshocking delays initiation of PBX-9404 and PBX-9501, relative to unshocked material. In PBX-9404 preshock experiments, a first shock of 2.3 GPa was followed 0.65 {mu}s later by a second shock of 5.6 GPa. In PBX-9501, a preshock of 2.8 GPa and 0.32 us duration was followed by an initiating shock of 6.0 GPA. Both PBX explosives show clear desensitization while the preshock persists. In PBX-9404, initiation of detonation occurs nearly as anticipated for the material, after coalescence of the preshock and main shock into a single wave. Multiple embedded magnetic gauges were used to measure the shock histories. Our data indicates a slightly longer run to detonation than expected, even though a single wave is initiating the material. A slight stress reduction at coalescence, as required by the shock dynamics, may be responsible for the overrun. A reactive waste is clearly evident while the preshock persists. The long run to detonation indicates ...

1993-08-01

235

Measurement of the antiproton/proton ratio at few-TeV energies with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

The results presented here demonstrate that the Paul Trap Simulator Experiment (PTSX) simulates the propagation of intense charged particle beams over distances of many kilometers through magnetic alternating-gradient (AG) transport systems by making use of the similarity between the transverse dynamics of particles in the two systems. Plasmas have been trapped that correspond to normalized intensity parameters s = wp2 (0)/2wq2 * 0.8, where wp(r) is the plasmas frequency and wq is the average transverse focusing frequency in the smooth-focusing approximation. The measured root-mean-squared (RMS) radius of the beam is consistent with a model, equally applicable to both PTSX and AG systems that balances the average inward confining force against the outward pressure-gradient and space-charge forces. The PTSX device confines one-component cesium ion plasmas for hundreds of milliseconds, which is equivalent to over 10 km of beam propagation.

2004-01-29

236

High voltage high brightness electron accelerator with MITL voltage adder coupled to foilless diode

Cosmic ray antiprotons provide an important probe for the study of cosmic-ray propagation in the interstellar space and to investigate the existence of Galactic dark matter. Cosmic rays are hampered by the Moon, therefore a deficit of cosmic rays in its direction is expected (the so-called "Moon shadow"). The Earth-Moon system acts as a magnetic spectrometer. In fact, due to the geomagnetic field the center of the Moon shifts westward by an amount depending on the primary cosmic ray energy. Paths of primary antiprotons are therefore deflected in an opposite sense in their way to the Earth. This effect allows, in principle, the search of antiparticles in the opposite direction of the observed Moon shadow. The ARGO-YBJ experiment, in stable data taking since November 2007 with an energy threshold of a few hundreds of GeV, is observing the Moon shadow with high statistical significance. Using about 1 year data, an upper limit of the antip/p flux ...

2009-01-01

237

Eddy current inspection of superconducting cable during manufacturing

The design and analysis of a high brightness electron beam experiment under construction at Sandia National Laboratory is presented. The beam energy is 12 MeV, the current 35 endash 40 kA, the rms radius 0.5 mm, and the pulse duration FWHM 40 ns. The accelerator is SABRE [J. Corley, J. A. Alexander, P. J. Pankuch, C. E. Heath, D. L. Johnson, J. J. Ramirez, and G. J. Denison, in Proceedings of the Eighth International IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, San Diego, California, 1991 (IEEE, New York, 1991), p. 920], a pulsed inductive voltage adder, and the electron source is a magnetically immersed foilless diode. This experiment has as its goal to stretch the technology to the edge and produce the highest possible electron current in a submillimiter radius beam. copyright 1996 American Institute of Physics.

1995-10-13

238

Eddy current inspection of superconducting cable during manufacturing

The downstream failure of cable during winding, insulating, coil winding, and coil assembly is a significant issue in magnet production. The impact of these failures are costly both financially, and from the time to recover from this downstream failure. The current approach to cabling has been to visually inspect the cable for any gross defects during cabling. To date this has been effective in finding small defects such as crossovers for example, which drastically reduce the mechanical integrity of the strand, and thus the cable itself. But because of the large volume of cable which will be manufactured an automated flaw detection system which can inspect the cable and detect these type of defects will be needed. We have recently done an on-line experiment using an Eddy current system, and specialized Eddy current probes to inspect cable during manufacturing. We will present the results of our inspection demonstrating detection of crossovers, ...

1992-03-01

239

Consideration of some fundamental erosion processes encountered in hypervelocity electromagnetic propulsion

The downstream failure of cable during winding, insulating, coil winding, and coil assembly is a significant issue in magnet production. The impact of these failures is costly both financially and because of the time needed to recover from them. The current approach to cabling has been to visually inspect the cable for any gross defects during cabling. To date this has been effective in finding small defects such as crossovers, which drastically reduce the mechanical integrity of the strand and thus of the cable itself. But because of the large volume of cable that will be manufactured, an automated flaw detection system that can inspect the cable and detect these types of defects will be needed. We have recently done an on-line experiment using an Eddy current system and specialized Eddy current probes to inspect cable during manufacturing. We will present the results of our inspection, demonstrating detection of crossovers and cold welds. ...

1992-03-04

240

A superconducting solenoidal spectrometer for a balloon-borne experiment

Experimental and theoretical research has been conducted jointly at the Livermore and Los Alamos National laboratories on dc electromagnetic railgun Lorentz accelerators. Pellets weighing a few grams to tens of grams have been launched at velocities up to better than 11 km/s. The research is addressed to attaining repeated launches of samples at hypervelocity in target impact experiments. In these experiments, shock-induced pressures in the tens of megabars range are obtained for high pressure equation-of-state research. Primary energy sources of the order of several hundred kJ to a MJ and induction currents of the order of 1 or more MA are necessary for these launches. Erosion and deformation of the conductor rails and the accelerated sample material are continuing problems. The heating, stress, and erosion resulting from simultaneous imposition of rail induction current, dense plasma (armature) interaction, current distribution, ...

1982-09-30

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241

A new measurement of the antiproton-to-proton flux ratio up to 100 GeV in the cosmic radiation

The BESS detector is a new type of balloon-borne spectrometer which utilizes various technologies recently developed for collider experiments. The principal scientific objectives include a measurement of cosmic-ray antiproton spectrum, search for anti-nuclei in cosmic radiation, and precise measurements of cosmic-ray primaries. A thin superconducting solenoidal coil produces a uniform magnetic field of 1 T. Cylindrical drift chambers are located inside and outside the coil and perform continuous tracking. The momentum resolution is 0.5% at 1 GeV/c. i.e., the maximum detectable rigidity is 200 GV. Scintillation counter hodoscopes, placed above and below the solenoid, provide timing and dE/dx measurements and trigger generation. The timing resolution is 80 ps/counter. This cylindrical configuration achieves a large geometrical acceptance of 0.35 m{sup 2} sr which is essential to detect rare cosmic-ray particles. In order to cope with high trigger ...

2000-03-21

242

Vibration characteristics of SMA composite beams with different boundary conditions

A new measurement of the cosmic ray antiproton-to-proton flux ratio between 1 and 100 GeV is presented. The results were obtained with the PAMELA experiment, which was launched into low-earth orbit on-board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15th 2006. PAMELA is equipped with a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer and a silicon-tungsten imaging calorimeter and has been collecting data since July 2006. During 500 days of data collection a total of about 1000 antiprotons have been identified, including 100 above an energy of 20 GeV. The high-energy results are a ten-fold improvement in statistics with respect to all previously published data. The antiproton-to-proton flux ratio increases smoothly with energy up to about 10 GeV, in agreement with previous experiments, and then levels off. The data follow the trend expected from secondary production calculations and significantly constrain contributions from exotic sources, ...

2008-01-01

243

Undoing forgetfulness: Chiasmus of Poetical Mind - a Cultural Paradigm of Archetypal Imagination

Recently, the development of shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators, in the forms of wire, thin film and stent have been found increasingly in the fields of materials science and smart structures and engineering. The increase in attraction for using these materials is due to their many unique materials, mechanical, thermal and thermal-mechanical properties, which in turn, evolve their subsequent shape memory, pseudo-elasticity and super-elasticity properties. In this paper, a common type of SMA actuator, Nitinol wires, were embedded into advanced composite structures to modulate the structural dynamic responses, in terms of natural frequency and damping ratio by using its shape memory and pseudo-elastic properties. A simple theoretical model is introduced to estimate the natural frequency of the structures before and after actuating the embedded SMA wires. The damping ratios of different SMA composite beams were measured ...

2002-12-15

244

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Abstract This paper tries to investigate the problem of memory through one of its most intriguing patterns - chiasmus - reflected in old poetry, sacred texts, philosophy and theology, visual arts, as well as biology. It aims to search for some provisory explanation of why man was able once to acquire such excellence in memorizing internally thousands of lines of poetry, whereas now memory is expelled outside the human body and mind in a mere digital file. Contrasting the so-called "wish-dream for immortality" of the contemporary post-human body, this paper takes another path and looks into some old cosmologies and visions in which chiasmus constantly emerged as an enduring cultural paradigm with ontological relevance. Spanning from Plato to Christian theology, up to the contemporary Neo-Platonism of archetypal psychology, this paper hopes to put forth, if not a theory, at least a vision about man and cosmos, cosmos and man, a chiastic epiphany ...

2005-01-01

245

Enhanced Genetic Algorithm approach for Solving Dynamic Shortest Path Routing Problems using Immigrants and Memory Schemes

Electrical properties of ultra-thin oxynitrided layer using N{sub 2}O plasma in inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition for non-volatile memory on glass

In Internet Routing, the static shortest path (SP) problem has been addressed using well known intelligent optimization techniques like artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms (GAs) and particle swarm optimization. Advancement in wireless communication lead more and more mobile wireless networks, such as mobile networks [mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs)] and wireless sensor networks. Dynamic nature of the network is the main characteristic of MANET. Therefore, the SP routing problem in MANET turns into dynamic optimization problem (DOP). Here the nodes ae made aware of the environmental condition, thereby making it intelligent, which goes as the input for GA. The implementation then uses GAs with immigrants and memory schemes to solve the dynamic SP routing problem (DSPRP) in MANETS. In our paper, once the network topology changes, the optimal solutions in the new environment can be searched using the new immigrants or the useful information stored in the ...

2011-01-01

246

Electrical properties of ultra-thin oxynitrided layer using N_2O plasma in inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition for non-volatile memory on glass

In this work, the silicon oxynitride layer was studied as a tunneling layer for non-volatile memory application by fabricating low temperature polysilicon thin film transistors on glass. Silicon wafers were oxynitrided by only nitrous oxide plasma under different radio frequency powers and plasma treatment times. Plasma oxynitridation was performed in RF plasma using inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition. The X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy was employed to analyze the atomic concentration ratio of nitrogen/oxygen in oxynitride layer. The oxynitrided layer formed under radio frequency power of 150 W and substrate temperature of 623 K was found to contain the atomic concentration ratio of nitrogen/oxygen as high as 1.57. The advantage of high nitrogen concentration in silicon oxide layer formed by using nitrous oxide plasma was investigated by capacitance-voltage measurement. The analysis of capacitance-voltage characteristics demonstrated that ...

2007-06-04

247

Behavioural evidence for mental time travel in nonhuman animals.

In this work, the silicon oxynitride layer was studied as a tunneling layer for non-volatile memory application by fabricating low temperature polysilicon thin film transistors on glass. Silicon wafers were oxynitrided by only nitrous oxide plasma under different radio frequency powers and plasma treatment times. Plasma oxynitridation was performed in RF plasma using inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition. The X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy was employed to analyze the atomic concentration ratio of nitrogen/oxygen in oxynitride layer. The oxynitrided layer formed under radio frequency power of 150 W and substrate temperature of 623 K was found to contain the atomic concentration ratio of nitrogen/oxygen as high as 1.57. The advantage of high nitrogen concentration in silicon oxide layer formed by using nitrous oxide plasma was investigated by capacitance-voltage measurement. The analysis of capacitance-voltage characteristics demonstrated that ...

2007-06-04

248

Anti-corrosive properties of an electropolymerized polymer coating on a shape memory alloy surface

If episodic memory is an adaptation, it must have evolved to benefit present or future survival and reproduction, rather than to provide an accurate record of the past per se. Recent research has documented various links between the ability to construct episodes of the past and imagine potential future episodes, and it has been argued that the former may be a design feature of the latter. Thus, claims about the existence of episodic memory in non-verbal organisms may be evaluated by examining behavioural evidence for foresight. Here we review recent data on foresight in animals and conclude that the evidence to suggest episodic memory so far is equivocal. We suggest specific experimental criteria that could provide stronger evidence. We maintain that there must be uniquely human traits for which there are no animal models and it remains possible that mental time travel depends on several such traits. Identification of what ...

2009-12-03

249

A summary of neutron radiography and neutron radioscopy applications at the University of Michigan Phoenix Memorial Laboratory

Acrylonitrile electropolymerization (in an aprotic and anhydrous medium) has been used as a way to build thin, homogeneous and covering polyacrylonitrile layers grafted on the surface of usual metals and specially on copper-based shape memory alloy: Cu-Zn-Al. The results of the study first confirm the possibility of grafting thin and covering polyacrylonitrile layers on Cu-Zn-Al surface. The morphology of the films however is influenced by the geometry of the polycristalline structure of the alloy and its superficial defects. Samples obtained after grafting polyacrylonitrile films were submitted to corrosion tests based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in a NaCl/H{sub 2}O medium. Results show that some post-treatments of the grafted films are necessary to improve their protective role, while preserving the strong interfacial bondings. Actually, thermal and mechanical cycling of the shape memory alloy covered by ...

1996-01-01

250

Self-consistent full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave local-density electronic-structure studies of magnetism and superconductivity in C15 compounds: ZrZn_2 and ZrV_2

Neutron radiography and neutron radioscopy are rapidly becoming the valuable tools for nondestructive testing and basic research. The Phoenix Memorial Laboratory has developed a neutron facility capable of both film neutron radiography and real time neutron radioscopy, and has used this facility to study several phenomena of interest to the researchers in many areas. Neutrons can be used for imaging the phenomena that X-ray cannot image, such as the presence, absence or movement of hydrogenous materials inside metals such as aluminum or steel. There are three basic methods for obtaining images using neutrons: high resolution film neutron radiography, real-time neutron radioscopy and transfer film neutron radiography. The neutron radiography facility at Phoenix Memorial Laboratory, the neutron radioscopic imaging systems, the neutron radiographic detectors, lubrication studies, spray imaging, flow in porous media, three-dimensional ...

1992-03-01

251

Self-consistent full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave local-density electronic-structure studies of magnetism and superconductivity in C15 compounds: ZrZn/sub 2/ and ZrV/sub 2/

The electronic structure and properties of the cubic Laves phase (C15) compounds ZrZn_2 and ZrV_2 have been determined using our all-electron full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method for bulk solids. The computations were performed in two stages: (i) self-consistent warped muffin tin and (ii) self-consistent full potential. Spin-orbit coupling was included after either stage. The effects of the inclusion of the nonspherical terms inside the muffin tins on the eigenvalues is found to be small (of order 1 mRy). However, due to the fact that some of the bands near the Fermi level are flat, this effect leads to a much higher value of the density of states at E/sub F/ in ZnZr_2. The most important difference between the materials ZrZn_2 and ZrV_2 is the position of the d bands derived from the Zr and V atoms. Consequently, these materials have completely different Fermi surfaces. We have investigated the magnetic properties of these compounds by ...

252

Nonaqueous synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles: Short review and doped titanium dioxide as case study for the preparation of transition metal-doped oxide nanoparticles

The electronic structure and properties of the cubic Laves phase (C15) compounds ZrZn/sub 2/ and ZrV/sub 2/ have been determined using our all-electron full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method for bulk solids. The computations were performed in two stages: (i) self-consistent warped muffin tin and (ii) self-consistent full potential. Spin-orbit coupling was included after either stage. The effects of the inclusion of the nonspherical terms inside the muffin tins on the eigenvalues is found to be small (of order 1 mRy). However, due to the fact that some of the bands near the Fermi level are flat, this effect leads to a much higher value of the density of states at E/sub F/ in ZnZr/sub 2/. The most important difference between the materials ZrZn/sub 2/ and ZrV/sub 2/ is the position of the d bands derived from the Zr and V atoms. Consequently, these materials have completely different Fermi surfaces. We have investigated the magnetic properties ...

1988-03-01

253

NMR studies of the partially disordered state in a triangular antiferromagnet UNi_4B

The liquid-phase synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles in organic solvents under exclusion of water is nowadays a well-established alternative to aqueous sol-gel chemistry. In this article, we highlight some of the advantages of these routes based on selected examples. The first part reviews some recent developments in the synthesis of ternary metal oxide nanoparticles by surfactant-free nonaqueous sol-gel routes, followed by the discussion of the morphology-controlled synthesis of lanthanum hydroxide nanoparticles, and the presentation of structural peculiarities of manganese oxide nanoparticles with an ordered Mn vacancy superstructure. These examples show that nonaqueous systems, on the one hand, allow the preparation of compositionally complex oxides, and, on the other hand, make use of the organic components (initially present or formed in situ) in the reaction mixture to tailor the morphology. Furthermore, obviously even the crystal structure can differ from the corresponding ...

2008-07-15

254

Magnetic excitations in R_2PdSi_3 studied by inelastic neutron scattering

A triangular antiferromagnet UNi_4B experiences a partially disordered state, in which two-thirds of U 5f moments order in a vertex-like structure and one-third of U 5f moments remain paramagnetic. Magnetization and NMR measurements of UNi_4B have been performed to study the dynamical properties of U magnetic moments in the partially disordered state. The value of the effective moment above T_N derived from the fitting of the Curie-Weiss law suggests a significant crystal field splitting and the Kondo effect. The Weiss temperature was also estimated to be -28 K, which suggests that the exchange interaction is antiferromagnetic. Furthermore, the exchange interaction estimated from the relaxation rate T_1"-"1 above 50 K is 18 K, which is close to the Weiss temperature. These results suggest that the dominant interactions between U moments are antiferromagnetic in the basal plane. The relaxation rate T_1"-"1 decreases abruptly ...

2007-04-11

255

Influence of a combination of two tetrachlorobiphenyl congeners (PCB 47; PCB 77) on thyroid status, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and short- and long-term memory in 30-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats

R_2PdSi_3 compounds have been found to exhibit rich magnetic phenomena arising from the interplay between RKKY interaction, crystal electric field effects and geometric frustration due to the derived hexagonal AlB_2 structure. The observed crystallographic superstructure further complicates the CEF level scheme. Inelastic neutron scattering measurements on single crystals of Tm_2PdSi_3 and Er_2PdSi_3 have been performed at the cold triple axis spectrometer PANDA in FRM-II. Both compounds order antiferromagnetically at T_N=7 K and 2.1 K respectively; Er_2PdSi_3 undergoes a second phase transition at T_2=2 K. Several low lying CEF excitations (below 10 meV) were observed. The intensity of the lowest excitation show strong directional dependence (in HK0 plane for Er_2PdSi_3 and in HHL plane for Tm_2PdSi_3), from which the details of the transitional matrix could be deduced. Measurements in magnetic fields up to 13 T show Zeeman splitting of the ...

2009-03-22

256

Design of a magnetic braking system

The important role of thyroid hormones in growth and development, maintenance of body temperature, digestion, cardiac function, and normal brain development can be disrupted by environmental contaminants like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Polychlorinated biphenyls are environmental contaminants that are widespread, persistent, lipophilic, and bioaccumulate through food webs, concentrating in adipose tissue. Placental and lactational PCB exposure of offspring causes metabolic and endocrine disruptions including hypothyroxinemia, spatial learning and memory deficits, neurochemical and neurobehavioral alterations, and reproductive problems. Previous studies in our lab using the individual congeners PCB 47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, ortho-substituted) and PCB 77 (3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, non-ortho-substituted) have demonstrated alterations in thyroid hormone levels, alterations in brain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and spatial learning ...

2004-10-15

257

Retrograde amnesia produced by electron beam exposure: casual parameters and duration of memory loss. Final report for November 84

A non-contact method, using magnetic drag force principle, was proposed to design the braking systems to improve the shortcomings of the conventional braking systems. The extensive literature detailing all aspects of the magnetic braking is briefly reviewed, however little of this refers specifically to upright magnetic braking system, which is useful for industries. One of the major issues to design upright magnetic system is to find out the magnetic flux. The changing magnetic flux induces eddy currents in the conductor. These currents dissipate energy in the conductor and generate drag force to slow down the motion. Therefore, a finite element model is developed to analyze the phenomena of magnetic flux density when air gap and materials of track are varied. The verification shows the predicted magnetic flux is within ...

2006-09-01

258

Mold heating and cooling microprocessor conversion. Final report

The production of retrograde amnesia (RA) upon electron-beam exposure was investigated. RA production was evaluated using a single-trial avoidance task for 10, 1, and 0.1 microsecond pulsed exposures. The dose-response curve obtained at each pulse duration showed significant RA production. The most effective dose range was 0.1-10 rad at a dose rate of 1,000,000 rad/sec. By employing a 10 rad (1,000,000 rad/s) pulse, a memory loss of the events occurring in the previous 4 sec was demonstrated. The conclusion was that the RA effect might be due to sensory system activation which provided a novel stimulus that masked previous stimuli.

1985-01-01

259

Design concept for radiation hardening of low power and low voltage dynamic memories

Conversion of the microprocessors and software for the Mold Heating and Cooling (MHAC) pump package control systems was initiated to allow required system enhancements and provide data communications capabilities with the Plastics Information and Control System (PICS). The existing microprocessor-based control systems for the pump packages use an Intel 8088-based microprocessor board with a maximum of 64 Kbytes of program memory. The requirements for the system conversion were developed, and hardware has been selected to allow maximum reuse of existing hardware and software while providing the required additional capabilities and capacity. The new hardware will incorporate an Intel 80286-based microprocessor board with an 80287 math coprocessor, the system includes additional memory, I/O, and RS232 communication ports.

1995-07-01

260

Seven years of operating experience with amorphous metal transformers

A radiation hard low power, low voltage dynamic memory is obtained by the use of a dummy cell concept. Compared to conventional dummy cell concepts, this concept applies a fully sized dummy cell. By optimizing the dummy cell precharge voltage for 5 V and 3 V operation and the timing of the dummy word-line, the overall soft error rate (SER) of the chip is improved by 2 orders of magnitude. An additional improvement of 1 order of magnitude is possible for 3 V operation by adjusting substrate bias and cell plate voltage. The results are verified by an accelerated SER measurement with a radium 226 source and an additional field soft error study.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

261

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in biomedicine. Course organized by the Istituto Superiore di Sanita`. Marciana Marina (Isola d`Elba), September 18-23, 1995; Spettroscopia di risonanza magnetica nucleare in biomedicina. Corso organizzato dall`Istituto Superiore di Sanita`. Marciana Marina (Isola d`Elba), 18-23 settembre 1995

Amorphous metals have an atomic structure resembling that of glass, and have high strength, toughness, and excellent magnetic properties for transformer applications. This type of metal has the potential to reduce the core losses of electromagnetic apparatus by 70-75% compared to the best grain-oriented silicon iron currently used. If all 4 million distribution transformers now in service in Canada were replaced by the more efficient amorphous units, it is estimated that over 5.25 billion kWh of energy could be saved annually. The experience of the General Electric (GE) Company and other researchers with operation of amorphous transformers is described. GE first tried operating amorphous metal transformers on a utility distribution system in April 1982. The shell-type cruciform design showed stable, low-loss performance over eight years of service. GE and the Electric Power Research Institute cooperated on manufacturing and installing 25 ...

1991-05-01

262

The Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment

Nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful technique that can be used in a wide range of applications, such as the structural characterization of high molecular weight molecules, conformational studies on enzymes in solution, enzyme-substrate or DNA-protein interactions, monitoring of cell metabolism in vivo, and for diagnostic purposes, employing spectroscopic and imaging techniques. This course was organized in order to introduce the participants to the fundamentals of NMR spectroscopy, and offer practical advice on performing NMR experiments on cell systems, cell and tissue extracts and animal models. The main implications regarding human experiments were also discussed. Finally the quantification of information and the interpretation of data were considered with regard to the main nuclei observed. [Italiano] La risonanza magnetica nucleare e` una delle tecniche spettroscopiche che meglio risponde all`ampio spettro di ...

1997-12-01

263

Statistical Analysis of Designed Experiments

The Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment

2008-01-01

264

Comparison and Physical Interpretation of MCNP and TART Neutron and Gamma Monte Carlo Shielding Calculations for a Heavy-Ion ICF System

Statistical Analysis of Designed Experiments

2010-01-01

265

Smith-Purcell radiation in the highly relativistic regime

For heavy-ion beam driven inertial fusion ''liquid-protected'' reactor designs such as HYLIFE-II, a mixture of molten salts made of F{sup 10}, Li{sup -6}, Li{sup 7} and Be{sup 9} (called flibe) allows small chambers and final-focus magnets closer to the target with superconducting coils suffering higher radiation damage, though they can stand only a certain amount of energy deposited before quenching. This work has been primarily focusing on verifying that total energy deposited by fusion neutrons and induced gamma rays remain under such limit values and the final purpose is the optimization of the shielding of the magnetic lens system from the points of view of the geometrical configuration and of the physical nature of the materials adopted. The system is analyzed in terms of six geometrical models going from simplified up to much more realistic representations of a system of 192 beam lines, each focused by ...

2002-07-01

266

Experimental Study of Hypernuclei Electroproduction by High Precision Spectroscopy

An electron moving over the surface of a diffraction grating will transfer a part of its kinetic energy to radiation via a velocity synchronous coupling with a slow space harmonic component of the field. Since the phase velocity of a slow space harmonic is less than the speed of light, the slow components decay exponentially, or evanesce, with distance above the grating and the evanescence scale is determined by the product of the relative velocity, #beta#, the relative energy, #gamma#, and the wavelength #lambda#. Thus, in the relativistic regime, good electron - grating coupling can be maintained at beam heights that are greater than the emitted wavelength. In order to explore this regime a series of experiments have been carried out with moderately energetic beams and an experiment with the 70-MeV beam at the Accelerator Test Facility is in the planning stage. The work has two basic goals: the first is to explore the characteristics of the ...

1995-08-21

267

Chemistry of transuranium elements and compounds

Jlab experiment E01-011, carried out in 2005 in JLab Hall C, is the second generation of the hypernuclear spectroscopy experiments by the (e,e{prime}K{sup +}) reaction. The (e,e{prime}K{sup +}) reaction is complimentary to the associated production reactions (K{sup -},{pi}{sup -}), ({pi}{sup +},K{sup +}) since, due to a larger momentum transfer to a hyperon, excitations of both spin-non-flip and spin-flip states are possible. The experiment uses high quality and continuous primary electron beam to produce neutron rich hypernuclei on various targets by the electroproduction. The experimental setup consists of splitter magnet, high resolution kaon spectrometer (HKS) and electron spectrometer (Enge) implemented in new configuration, the so called 'Tilt Method'. Production data was taken on multiple targets: CH{sub 2}, {sup 6}Li, {sup 7}Li, {sup 9}Be, {sup 10}B, {sup 12}C and {sup 28}Si. ...

2009-12-01

268

Magnetic fluctuation measurement in Sino United Spherical Tokamak plasma

Studies are made in this program to enhance our understanding of the role of 5f electrons in chemical bonding. Most of our studies on the macroscopic scale emphasize certain isotopes available from the National Transplutonium Production Program centered at HFIR/TRU -namely, _9_6"2"4"8Cm, _9_7"2"4"9Bk, _9_8"2"4"9Cf, _9_9"2"5"3Es, and _9_9"2"5"4Es. Particular classes of compounds, such as hydrides, chalcogenides, and pnictides are often selected for study on the basis of their utility in bringing out significant chemical differences between the lanthanides and the actinides. High temperature/high pressure experiments on actinide metals and compounds reveal characteristics about the degree of 5f electron localization as a function of atomic number in the series. Magnetic properties of metals and compounds are investigated using ultra-sensitive methods and hydration numbers of ions in solution are investigated by neutron scattering at HFIR. As a ...

1986-05-01

269

Three-dimensional simulation study of compact toroid plasmoid injection into magnetized plasmas

To investigate the magnetic fluctuations and for further transport study, the poloidal and radial magnetic field measurement is conducted on the Sino United Spherical Tokamak (SUNIST). Auto-power spectral density indicates that the magnetic fluctuation energy mainly concentrates in the frequency region lower than 10 kHz. The magnetic field oscillations, which are characterized by harmonic frequencies of 40 kHz, are observed in the scrape-off layer; by contrast, in the plasma core, the magnetic fluctuations are of Gaussian type. The time-frequency profiles show that the poloidal magnetic fluctuations are temporally intermittent. The autocorrelation calculation indicates that the fluctuations in decorrelation time vary between the core and the edge. (authors)

2007-07-01

270

Magnetic properties of materials

Three-dimensional dynamics of a compact toroid (CT) plasmoid, which is injected into a magnetized target plasma region is investigated by using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulations. It is found that the process of the CT penetration into this region is much more complicated than what has been analyzed so far by using a conducting sphere (CS) model. The injected CT suffers from a tilting instability, which grows with the similar time scale as the CT penetration. The instability is accompanied by magnetic reconnection between the CT magnetic field and the target magnetic field, which disrupts the magnetic configuration of the CT. Magnetic reconnection plays a role to supply the high density plasma initially confined in the CT magnetic field into the target region. Also, the penetration depth of the CT high density plasma is ...

1999-04-01

271

Magnetic flocculation and filtration

A number of interactions between magnetic fields and matter is reviewed. The resulting forces range in magnitude from the very large, obtained in high-energy fields, to the weak ones caused by the magnetostriction of ferromagnets. The fundamentals of these interactions are highlighted, and the examples discussed are forces on dipoles, particle alignment, magnetostrictive forces, magnetic forming, magnetic stirring, levitation melting, and magnetic pulsing of tool steels. (orig.)

2000-08-15

272

Japan: Toshiba in talks to buy Westinghouse stake: report

A model is available in predicting flocculation frequencies between particles of various properties under the influence of a magnetic field. This model provides a basic understanding of fundamental phenomena, such as particle-particle and particle-collector interactions, occurring in HGMF (high gradient magnetic field), and will be extended to describe experimental data of particle flocculation and filtration and predict the performance of high- gradient magnetic filters. It is also expected that this model will eventually lead to a tool for design and optimization of magnetic filters for environmental, metallurgical, biochemical, and other applications.

1996-10-01

273

Wastenet

... Westinghouse Electric is already majority owned by Toshiba Corp the maker of flash memory chips, laptops, nuclear reactors and rice cookers and Shaw Group. A deal could erase any U.S. ownership of Westinghouse, the Wall Street Journal said. Shaw partnered with Toshiba, and another Japanese company to buy Westinghouse from British Nuclear Fuels PLC for $5.4 billion five years ago, the paper ...

274

From tomography to voludensitometry: radiation detectors for industrial control and medical instrumentation; De la tomographie a la voludensitometrie: les capteurs pour le controle industriel et l`instrumentation medicale

Energy spectra and electromagnetic properties in lithium isotopes

In this article, the author presents the main technological solutions, available or in development, on X-ray detectors in order to obtain a digital image in biomedical radiography or in industrial radiography: linear x-ray detectors and bidimensional x-ray detectors (memory radioluminescent screens, matrix plan detectors).

1993-12-01

275

Diversion of the Immune Response to Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Th17 to Th1/Th2 by Treatment with Anti-Transforming Growth Factor ? Antibody Generates Immunological Memory and Protective Immunity

Li shell-model calculation has been made in the isospin formalism in the complete (0 + n)#Planck constant##omega# model space with the assumption of a closed core "4He. The calculation could probably be improved by use of a better effective interaction and increasing shell model space. With the use of faster computer with large memories, the authors are in hope of calculation in spsd shell-model space

276

Demonstration of piping integrity with SMA technology

ABSTRACTThe immune response to Neisseria gonorrhoeae is poorly understood, but its extensive antigenic variability and resistance to complement are thought to allow it...Full Text Available

277

Conscience de Soi, maintien du Soi et identite humaine au cours de la maladie d'Alzheimer

The safe function of a new pipe whip restraint device has been demonstrated in a full scale test. The restraint is based on using a shape memory alloy to protect a pipe and its environment in the event of a double-ended-guillotine-break. The evaluation test has been performed at boiling water reactor (BWR) operating pressure and temperature using a pipe representing BWR primary piping. (orig.) 2 refs.

1997-10-01

278

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Identity is a part of self-consciousness, which is also expressed as ''being in the world'' which one in turn shows to others as the Self. The assessment of the Self in a population of patients with Alzheimer's disease, according to a multidimensional definition (physical, social, spiritual), showed that the social self was impaired, and the severity of impairment of the self was correlated to apathy and lack of semantic autobiographical memory. It also appears that ipseity is selectively affected by the disease.

2011-01-01

279

Behavioral Stress May Increase the Rewarding Valence of Cocaine-Associated Cues Through a Dynorphin/?-Opioid Receptor-Mediated Mechanism without Affecting Associative Learning or Memory Retrieval Mechanisms

Transformation of the ATOMKI-ECRIS into a Plasma Device

Stress exposure increases the risk of addictive drug use in human and animal models of drug addiction by mechanisms that are not completely understood. Mice subjected to repeated forced swim stress...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

280

The effective longitudinal dielectric constant for plasmas in inhomogeneous magnetic fields

Complete text of publication follows. In order to extend the capabilities of the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source (ECRIS) of ATOMKI it has been transformed into a special plasma facility [1,2]. The transformation is reversible and was simply done by changing several main components of the ion source by new ones, namely: the hexapole magnet, the plasma chamber and the microwave source. The basic requirements of the transformation were: (1) most parts of the present ECRIS should be used in the new assembly in the same way and (2) the transformation time between the two operation modes should not be more than 2-3 days (in both directions). The following sub-systems are used identically in both configurations: solenoid coils, vacuum system, gas dosing system, ovens, probes. The extraction optics and beam transport system can also be used in the new configuration to check the components and charge-state of the plasma. A new, large, but unusually thin ...

2006-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

281

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english We present a detailed derivation of the effective dielectric constant to be used in the dispersion relation for electrostatic waves in the case of a plasma immersed in a inhomogeneous magnetic field, with inhomogeneity perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field.

2004-09-01

282

Magnetic mirror fusion systems: Characteristics and distinctive features

Magnetic fields of x-ray pulsars

A tutorial account is given of the main characteristics and distinctive features of conceptual magnetic fusion systems employing the magnetic mirror principle. These features are related to the potential advantages that mirror-based fusion systems may exhibit for the generation of economic fusion power.

1987-08-10

283

Magnetic excitations studied with time-of-flight spectroscopy

An analytic model of magnetic torques applied to an accreting neutron star is employed to evaluate the magnetic dipole moments of x-ray pulsars. A new type of close binary system containing a neutron star is suggested.

1982-09-01

284

Eddy Current Inspection of Mildly Ferromagnetic Tubing.

An introduction to time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy is presented in the context of the study of magnetic materials. Examples are taken from the class of rare earth and actinide magnetic materials known as `strongly correlated electron` systems. (author) 11 figs., 24 refs.

1996-11-01

285

Active magnetic regenerator

The past decade has seen the development of eddy current probes for inspection of the mildly ferro-magnetic alloy Monel 400. Due to the rapid advances in permanent magnet technology similar probes have been upgraded to magnetically saturate, and hence ins...

1984-01-01

286

Brain mechanisms supporting the modulation of pain by mindfulness meditation.

The disclosure is directed to an active magnetic regenerator apparatus and method. Brayton, Stirling, Ericsson, and Carnot cycles and the like may be utilized in an active magnetic regenerator to provide efficient refrigeration over relatively large temperature ranges.

1982-01-01

287

Nanocrystalline permanent magnets with enhanced properties

The subjective experience of one's environment is constructed by interactions among sensory, cognitive, and affective processes. For centuries, meditation has been thought to influence such processes by enabling a nonevaluative representation of sensory events. To better understand how meditation influences the sensory experience, we used arterial spin labeling functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the neural mechanisms by which mindfulness meditation influences pain in healthy human participants. After 4 d of mindfulness meditation training, meditating in the presence of noxious stimulation significantly reduced pain unpleasantness by 57% and pain intensity ratings by 40% when compared to rest. A two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was used to identify interactions between meditation and pain-related brain activation. Meditation reduced pain-related activation of the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex. ...

2011-04-01

288

Untitled - NASA Technical Report Server (NTRS)

Parameters of permanent magnets result from the combination of intrinsic properties such as saturation magnetization, magnetic exchange, and magnetocrystalline energy, as well as microstructural parameters such as phase structure, grain size, and orientation. Reduction of grain size into nanocrystalline regime (#approx# 50 nm) leads to the enhanced remanence which derives from ferromagnetic exchange coupling between highly refined grains. In this study the fundamental phenomena, quantities, and structure parameters, which define nanophase permanent magnets are presented and discussed. The theoretical considerations are confronted with experimental data for nanocrystalline Sm-Fe-N type permanent magnets. (author)

2001-09-23

289

Symptoms of the musculoskeletal system and exposure to magnetic fields in an aluminium plant.

Principle advantages of magnetic forming for part manufacture appear to lie ... to be an area of great potential for the magnetic forming process. We have a ...

290

Possible observation of the coexistence of superconductivity and long-range magnetic order in NdRh_4B_4

OBJECTIVE--The study was performed to examine the influence of the exposure to magnetic fields in the potrooms of an electrolysis plant on the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms among the employees....Full Text Available

1995-08-01

291

PLASMA JET WELDING, COATING, AND CUTTING: AN ...

The ternary rare earth compound NdRh_4B_4 has been studied by means of critical field, low temperature heat capacity, and static magnetic susceptibility measurements. Features in the upper critical field and heat capacity data at 1.31 K and 0.89 K suggest the occurrence of long-range magnetic order in the superconducting state. The temperature dependence of the static magnetic susceptibility follows a Curie-Weiss law with an effective magnetic moment #mu#sub(eff) = 3.58 +- 0.05 #mu#sub(B) and a Curie-Weiss temperature thetasub(p) = -6.2 +- 1.0 K between 20 K and room temperature. However, magnetization vs. applied magnetic field isotherms suggest the development of a ferromagnetic component in the Nd"3"+ magnetization at low temperatures. (author).

1979-01-01

292

Ordered magnetic nanohole and antidot arrays prepared through replication from anodic alumina templates

... 31. New electric forming methods offer potentials for light metals; magnetic forming and plasma forming. ... 3, 25 Magnetic Forming ..... ...

1963-02-01

293

Ordered magnetic nanohole and antidot arrays prepared through replication from anodic alumina templates

Highly ordered arrays of Ni nanoholes and Fe{sub 20}Ni{sub 80} antidots have been prepared, respectively, by replica/antireplica processing and sputtering techniques using nanoporous alumina membranes as templates. Geometrical characteristics as nanohole/antidot diameter, interpore distance and the overall hexagonal symmetry of arrays are controlled through the original templates. Experimental data on their hysteresis and magnetic domain structure have been taken by vibrating sample magnetometry and magnetic force microscopy, respectively. An analysis of the magnetization process, resulting magnetic anisotropy and magnetic domain structure is summarized considering the influence of those geometry aspects. In particular, the hexagonal symmetry and the density of nanohole/antidots determine the overall magnetic behavior, which is of interest in future high-density ...

2008-07-15

294

Mechanism of viscosity effect on magnetic island rotation

Highly ordered arrays of Ni nanoholes and Fe20Ni80 antidots have been prepared, respectively, by replica/antireplica processing and sputtering techniques using nanoporous alumina membranes as templates. Geometrical characteristics as nanohole/antidot diameter, interpore distance and the overall hexagonal symmetry of arrays are controlled through the original templates. Experimental data on their hysteresis and magnetic domain structure have been taken by vibrating sample magnetometry and magnetic force microscopy, respectively. An analysis of the magnetization process, resulting magnetic anisotropy and magnetic domain structure is summarized considering the influence of those geometry aspects. In particular, the hexagonal symmetry and the density of nanohole/antidots determine the overall magnetic behavior, which is of interest in future high-density ...

2008-07-01

295

Magnetic Properties of Ni Nanoparticles Embedded in ...

It is shown that plasma viscosity does not influence the magnetic island rotation directly. Nevertheless, it leads to nonstationarity of the plasma velocity. This nonstationarity is the reason of the viscosity effect on island rotation. (author)

2000-04-01

296

Localization of small magnets against a noisy background

... M(TH) in applied magnetic fields up to ± 7 T and for temperatures ranging from 2 to 300 K. The superparamagnetic (SPM) behavior of these metallic ...

2011-05-14

297

Hypoxia and Magnetic Therapy for Personnel Radiation Protection

Effective localization of small magnets against a noisy, real world background can involve various methods to first identify the magnetic fields produced by the magnet of interest, then to filter out background noise, and then to analyze the available magnetic field data to localize the magnet. Here we discuss low cost techniques which allow localization of small magnets with field strengths in the milliGauss range against real world background fields in the range of hundreds of mG, which may be fluctuating by up to tens of mG. Such techniques allow magnet tracking to be used to localize catheters in place of more invasive and expensive methods, e.g. fluoroscopy, for a variety of applications, including drug infusion with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), laser ablation (TMR, PTMR) and introduction of pacemaker leads.

2001-05-01

298

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development of Portable Normobaric Hypoxia and Pulsed Magnetic Field Firmware System for Enhancement of Radio- and Non-specific Resistance in Workers of Environmentally Hazardous Industries

299

Geometry effects in the pulsed magnetization of high-temperature superconductor bulk parts

Frustration in R_2PdSi_3 (R=Tb,Er): Spin-glass or magnetic short-range order? Neutron diffraction studies

The dynamic response of cylindrical and ring-shaped YBaCuO bulk parts to pulsed magnetic fields is calculated by using small sets of finite elements. Some comparisons with experimental results are provided, and they give confidence in the modelling of the superconducting properties. Transient magnetizations as a function of time and space as well as shapes and absolute values of trapped magnetic flux profiles are presented. The influence of the sample geometry is investigated for different millisecond pulsed magnetization processes. Results are reported for different radial thicknesses and heights, different pulse durations, peak magnetic fields and pulse sequences with and without stepwise cooling. Comparisons concerning the achievable trapped magnetic field and flux are made, and implications for the use of high-temperature superconductor bulk parts as ...

2005-02-01

300

Formulation development and evaluation of metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension as a magnetic-targeted and polymeric-controlled drug delivery system

... dipole moments magnetic fields monocrystals neutron diffraction order-disorder

2006-03-27

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

301

Evaluation of Commercial Magnetic Descalers.

A nanosuspension of magnetically tagged metronidazole was developed by the solvent displacement method coupled with ultrasonication and was evaluated for its physicochemical properties. The drug release from metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension at pH 1.2 and 7.0 shows maximum correlation coefficient for zero order and Higuchi model, respectively. The anthelmintic activity of the formulated metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension was evaluated on Indian earthworms (Pheretima poi). Metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension at a dose of 10 and 50 mg/ml shortened by 31% and 34%, respectively, the mean time to death of the earthworms when compared against a non-magnetic metronidazole suspension. Thus, the developed metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension showed potent, controlled and targeted drug action and might be a good therapeutic avenue in combating infectious GI ...

2009-05-15

302

Develop Magnetic Coil Design and Manufacturing Capability.

With the increased costs of maintaining boilers and chillers entrepreneurs around the country have offered magnetic and similar devices to facilities as viable alternatives to their maintenance program. This report gives a brief history of some of the pre...

1984-01-01

303

Design, development, manufacture, and deliver new concepts for high energy rate forming system quarterly report no. ii

... design, and manufacturing knowledge have been acquired and used to develop an 'in-house' capability for the fabrication of magnetic forming coils ...

1974-11-01

304

CONTRACT: NAS 8-11811 DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, MANUFACTURE, AND ...

Magnetic coil pressure wave generation for magnetic forming

1965-01-01

305

Application of the grazing angle polarized neutron reflectometry to study the magnetism in thin films and stratified media

has been generally related to magnetic forming. One of the methods suggested was the following: A "pancake" magnetic coil is placed over a thin aluminum ...

306

Anisotropic forming of magnetic powders mixed with ultraviolet resin; Shigaisen koka jushi wo mochiita jisei funmatsu no haiko seikei

From optical point of view and due to the magnetic interaction of the cold neutrons with the unpaired electron shell, magnetic materials hae a neutron spin-dependent refractive index n[sup +] [spin up] and n[sup -] [spin down]. Magnetic media such as Fe, Co and Ni react like birefringent uniaxial crystals in ordinary optica. n[sup +] and n[sup -] are the equivalent of the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices. The specular reflection of spin polarized neutrons which is due to the discontinuity of the magnetic induction at the surface of the ferromagnet is a sensitive probe of surface and interface magnetism. We shall first give the background of the art of polarized neutron optics. Secondly, some recent examples from surface and interface magnetism will be given to illustrate the power of this technique such as the magnetic coupling ...

1992-12-01

307

An Advance in Superconducting Magnet Technology Opens the Door...

For the purpose of solving the limitations such as shape and dimension for magnetic compact fabricated by conventional anisotropic forming under magnetic orienting field, the feasibility of a new magnetic forming process was studied. Ferrite powder mixed with UV resin was compacted in the die mold and followed by alignment under the magnetic field. Effects of viscosity of UV resin and forming condition on magnetic characteristics of the compact was investigated. Maximum degree of alignment for the ferrite powder reached to 0.826. It was predicted that the proposed method had make it possible to fabricate a high performance magnet having the anisotropic alignment of the magnetic powder. The UV resin is desirable to have low viscosity, good properties such as formability and configuration stability for the compact and also parting- ability ...

1999-01-15

308

Two dimensional NMR and NMR relaxation studies of coal structure. Progress report, July 1, 1992--September 30, 1992

magnet research at several national laboratories through its Advanced Accelerator Technology Program. The HEP Conductor Development Program, a collaboration among national...

2011-08-20

309

Seiberg duality and e+e- experiments

This report covers the progress made on the title project for the project period. Four major areas of inquiry are being pursued. Advanced solid state NMR methods are being developed to assay the distribution of the various important functional groups that determine the reactivity of coals. Special attention is being paid to methods that are compatible with the very high magic angle sample spinning rates needed for operation at the high magnetic field strengths available today. Polarization inversion methods utilizing the difference in heat capacities of small groups of spins are particularly promising. Methods combining proton-proton spin diffusion with {sup 13}C CPMAS readout are being developed to determine the connectivity of functional groups in coals in a high sensitivity relay type of experiment. Additional work is aimed at delineating the role of methyl group rotation in the proton NMR relaxation behavior of coals.

1992-11-25

310

Proton G{sub E}/G{sub M} from beam-target asymmetry

Seiberg duality in supersymmetric gauge theories is the claim that two different theories describe the same physics in the infrared limit. However, one cannot easily work out physical quantities in strongly coupled theories and hence it has been difficult to compare the physics of the electric and magnetic theories. In order to gain more insight into the equivalence of two theories, we study the ''e{sup +}e{sup -}'' cross sections into ''hadrons'' for both theories in the superconformal window. We describe a technique which allows us to compute the cross sections exactly in the infrared limit. They are indeed equal in the low-energy limit and the equality is guaranteed because of the anomaly matching condition. The ultraviolet behavior of the total ''e{sup +}e{sup -}'' cross section is different for the two theories. We comment on proposed nonsupersymmetric ...

1998-10-02

311

Plasma dynamics in the PF-1000 device under full-scale energy storage: II. Fast electron and ion characteristics versus neutron emission parameters and gun optimization perspectives

The ratio of the proton's electric to magnetic form factor, G{sub E}/G{sub M}, can be extracted in elastic electron-proton scattering by measuring cross sections, beam-target asymmetry, or recoil polarization. Separate determinations of G{sub E}/G{sub M} by cross sections and recoil polarization observables disagree for Q{sup 2}>1 (GeV/c){sup 2}. Measurement by a third technique might uncover an unknown systematic error in either of the previous measurements. The beam-target asymmetry has been measured for elastic electron-proton scattering at Q{sup 2} = 1.51 (GeV/c){sup 2} for target spin orientation aligned perpendicular to the beam momentum direction. This is the largest Q{sup 2} at which G{sub E}/G{sub M} has been determined by a beam-target asymmetry experiment. The result, {mu}G{sub E}/G{sub M}=0.884{+-}0.027{+-}0.029, is compared to previous world data.

2006-09-15

312

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the structure elucidation and biosynthesis of natural products

Electron and ion beam dynamics of the PF-1000 facility were investigated for the first time at its upper energy limit (?1 MJ) in relation to neutron emission, the pinch's plasma ('target') characteristics and some other parameters with the help of a number of diagnostics with ns temporal resolution. Special attention was paid to the temporal and the spatial cross correlations of different phenomena. Results of these experiments are in favour of a neutron emission model based on ion beam-plasma interaction with three important features: (1) the plasma target is hot and confined during a few 'inertial confinement times'; (2) the ions of the main part of the beam are magnetized and entrapped around the pinch plasma target for a period longer than the characteristic time of the plasma inductive storage system and (3) ion-ion collisions (both fusion collisions, due to head-on impacts and Coulomb collisions) are responsible for neutron emission. ...

2007-06-21

313

New real-time MR image-guided surgical robotic system for minimally invasive precision surgery

Examination of a chloroform extract of Dracaena loureiri Gagnep (Agavaceae), a Thia medicinal plant possessing antibacterial activity, has led to the isolation of fifteen flavenoids. The biogenic relationships among these flavenoids isolated were briefly discussed. Definition of the skeleton and the unambiguous assignment of all of the protons of the isolates was achieved through extensive 2D-homonuclear chemical shift correlation, nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) difference spectroscopy and 2D-NOE experiments. The {sup 1}H and {sup 13}C NMR spectra of staurosporine, a potent biologically active agent from Streptomyces staurosporeus, were unambiguously assigned by using 2D homonuclear chemical shift correlation, NOE, {sup 1}H-detected heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence via direct coupling and via multiple-bond coupling for resonance assignments of protonated and nonprotonated carbons, respectively. S. Staurosporeus was found to utilize endogenous and exogenous ...

1988-01-01

314

NATIONAL HIGH MAGENTIC FIELD LABORATORY FEL INJECTOR DESIGN CONSIDERATION

To investigate the usefulness of a newly developed magnetic resonance (MR) image-guided surgical robotic system for minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. The system consists of MR image guidance [interactive scan control (ISC) imaging, three-dimensional (3-D) navigation, and preoperative planning], an MR-compatible operating table, and an MR-compatible master-slave surgical manipulator that can enter the MR gantry. Using this system, we performed in vivo experiments with MR image-guided laparoscopic puncture on three pigs. We used a mimic tumor made of agarose gel and with a diameter of approximately 2 cm. All procedures were successfully performed. The operator only advanced the probe along the guidance device of the manipulator, which was adjusted on the basis of the preoperative plan, and punctured the target while maintaining the operative field using robotic forceps. The position of the probe was monitored continuously with 3-D ...

2008-04-15

315

Mechanism of adenylate kinase. Dose adenosine 5'-triphosphate bind to the adenosine 5'-monophosphate site

A Numerical study of beam dynamics was performed for two injector systems for the proposed National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at the Florida State University (FSU) Free Electron Laser (FEL) facility. The first considered a system consisting of a thermionic DC gun, two buncher cavities operated at 260 MHz and 1.3 GHz and two TESLA type cavities, and is very similar to the injector of the ELBE Radiation Source. The second system we studied uses a DC photogun (a copy of JLab FEL electron gun), one buncher cavity operated at 1.3 GHz and two TESLA type cavities. The study is based on PARMELA simulations and takes into account operational experience of both the JLab FEL and the Radiation Source ELBE. The simulations predict the second system will have a much smaller longitudinal emittance. For this reason the DC photo gun based injector is preferred for the proposed FSU FEL facility.

2007-06-25

316

Measurement of the Electron Affinities of Indium and Thallium

Although the subtrate binding properties of adenylate kinase (AK) have been studied extensively by various biochemical and biophysical techniques, it remains controversial whether uncomplexed adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) binds to the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) site of AK. The authors present two sets of experiments which argue against binding of ATP to the AMP site. (a) /sup 31/P nuclear magnetic resonance titration of ATP with AK indicated a 1:1 stoichiometry on the basis of changes in coupling constants and line widths. This ruled out binding of ATP to both sites. (b) ATP and MgATP were found to behave similarly by protecting AK from spontaneous inactivation while AMP showed only a small degree of protection. Such inactivation could also be protected or reversed by dithioerythritol and is most likely due to oxidation of sulfhydryl groups, one of which (cysteine-25) is located near the MgATP site. The results support ...

1987-10-06

317

Large area electron beam pumped krypton fluoride laser amplifier

The electron affinities of indium and thallium were measured in separate experiments using the laser-photodetachment electron spectroscopy technique. The measurements were performed at the University of Nevada, Reno. Negative ion beams of both indium and thallium were extracted from a cesium-sputter negative ion source, and mass analyzed using a 90{sup o} bending magnet. The negative ion beam of interest was then crossed at 90{sup o} with a photon beam from a cw 25-Watt Ar{sup +} laser. The resulting photoelectrons were energy analyzed with a 160{sup o} spherical-sector spectrometer. The electron affinity of In({sup 2}P{sub 1/2}) was determined to be 0.404 {+-} 0.009 eV and the electron affinity of thallium was determined to be 0.377 {+-} 0.013 eV. The fine-structure splittings in the ground states of the negative ions were also determined. The experimental measurements will be compared to several recent theoretical predictions.

1999-03-20

318

Nike is a recently completed multi-kilojoule krypton fluoride (KrF) laser that has been built to study the physics of direct drive inertial confinement fusion. This paper describes in detail both the pulsed power and optical performance of the largest amplifier in the Nike laser, the 60 cm amplifier. This is a double pass, double sided, electron beam-pumped system that amplifies the laser beam from an input of 50 J to an output of up to 5 kJ. It has an optical aperture of 60 cm x 60 cm and a gain length of 200 cm. The two electron beams are 60 cm high x 200 cm wide, have a voltage of 640 kV, a current of 540 kA, and a flat top power pulse duration of 250 ns. A 2 kG magnetic field is used to guide the beams and prevent self-pinching. Each electron beam is produced by its own Marx/pulse forming line system. The amplifier has been fully integrated into the Nike system and is used on a daily basis for laser-target experiments. copyright 1997 ...

319

Free electron laser

Extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields and cancer: A literature review

The present article outlines major features of the free electron laser (FEL) and reviews research and development of FEL. Relations among the oscillation frequency, electron beam parameters and wiggler parameters, the physical mechanism of amplification and the physical process of saturation are discussed to identify the difference between FEL and other lasers. The report also outlines techniques for accelerators which are used to generate high-quality, high-energy electron beams required for FEL experiments. Techniques to achieve a short wavelength, high output and high efficiency, and applications of FEL are also discussed. FEL consists of an electron accelerator, wiggler and optical resonator. In FEL, electron beams with a relativistic energy interact resonantly with an electromagnetic field to generate coherent electromagnetic waves. Unlike conventional lasers, FEL does not surfer from restrictions on its oscillation frequency associated with atomic, molecular ...

320

Design of the ZTH vacuum liner

Epidemiologic studies suggest a weak link between occupational or residential exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and cancer, especially tumors of the central nervous and hematopoietic systems. This report discusses these studies with reference to basic research on ELF EMF bioeffects relevant to cancer-promoting mechanisms. Many of the studies suggest a possible interaction of ELF EMF with the immune system, endocrine system, or growth-regulatory signals and morphogenic movements that involve calcium flux through cell membranes. Many bioeffects have been reported only with certain specific combinations of frequency, amplitude, and orientation of the EMF signal with respect to the geomagnetic field. The possibility of signal-specific effects raises a complication in dosimetry for both epidemiologic and experimental studies since ELF EMF effects may not be directly related to field strength. The report concludes with a discussion of design considerations for ELF ...

1989-12-01

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321

Construction and Calibration of the Laser Alignment System for the CMS Tracker

The current status of the ZTH vacuum liner design is covered by this report. ZTH will be the first experiment to be installed in the CPRF (Confinement Physics Research Facility) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and is scheduled to be operational at the rated current of 4 MA in 1992. The vacuum vessel has a 2.4 m major radius and a 40 cm minor radius. Operating parameters which drive the vacuum vessel mechanical design include a 300 C bakeout temperature, an armour support system capable of withstanding 25 kV, a high toroidal resistance, 1250 kPa magnetic loading, a 10 minute cycle time, and high positional accuracy with respect to the conducting shell. The vacuum vessel design features which satisfy the operating parameters are defined. The liner is constructed of Inconel 625 and has a geometry which alternates sections of thin walled bellows with rigid ribs. These composite sections span between pairs of the 16 diagnostic stations to ...

1987-01-01

322

Aspects of Stability Related to the Colliding Beam Fusion = Reactor

The CMS detector (Compact Muon Solenoid) is under construction at one of the four proton-proton interaction points of the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (Geneva, Switzerland). The inner tracking system of the CMS experiment consisting of silicon detectors will have a diameter of 2.4 m and a length of 5.4 m representing the largest silicon tracker ever. About 15000 silicon strip modules create an active silicon area of 200 m2 to detect charged particles from proton collisions. They are placed on a rigid carbon fibre structure, providing stability within the working conditions of a 4 T solenoid magnetic field at ?10oC. Knowledge of the position of the silicon detectors at the level of 100 ?m is needed for an efficient pattern recognition of charged particle tracks. Metrology methods are used to survey tracker subdetectors and the integrated Laser Alignment System (LAS) provides absolute ...

2006-01-01

323

Application of realistic meson-exchange forces in the broken-pair model

Recent experiments with TFTR, D-III-D and JET involving the injection and trapping of low density beams of high energy large orbit ions indicate that large orbit non-adiabatic ions slow down and diffuse classically in the presence of anomalous fluctuations and transport of adiabatic majority particles. Accordingly, we consider conceptual fusion reactors(N. Rostoker, M.W. Binderbauer and H.J. Monkhorst, Science) 278, 1419 (1997). based on classical confinement of fuel ions and fusion products(M.W. Binderbauer and N. Rostoker, J. Plasma Phys.) 56, 451 (1996).. The magnetic confinement geometry of the proposed designs is a Field Reversed Configuration. A survey of experimental results on instabilities and their characteristics as related to these reactor concepts is presented. Particular focus will be given to long wavelength (as compared to gyro-radius) and low frequency (?<< c/r_o, r_o=3D major radius of annular current ring) instabilities ...

1998-11-01

324

Application of realistic meson-exchange forces in the broken-pair model

A G-matrix, derived from a meson-exchange potential in nuclear matter, is applied to finite, semi-magic nuclei. For the open shell the broken-pair model, which can accommodate many single-particle levels, is used. The excitations of the closed shell are treated as particle-hole states. Energy spectra and electromagnetic transition densities are calculated for /sup 88/Sr and /sup 58/Ni. The energies of the non-collective states are well described. Pairing correlations in the ground state have almost the correct strength in a multishell model space. To improve the energies of the collective 2/sup +/ and 3/sup -/ states the inclusion of core-polarisation effects in the force is required. Transition charge densities for collective states become strongly surface-peaked by core-polarisation effects, as is observed in experiments. The effects of pairing correlations and core polarisation on the magnetic form factor of the 3.486 MeV 1/sup +/ state in ...

1985-03-11

325

A singlet - triplet T_+ based qubit

A G-matrix, derived from a meson-exchange potential in nuclear matter, is applied to finite, semi-magic nuclei. For the open shell the broken-pair model, which can accommodate many single-particle levels, is used. The excitations of the closed shell are treated as particle-hole states. Energy spectra and electromagnetic transition densities are calculated for "8"8Sr and "5"8Ni. The energies of the non-collective states are well described. Pairing correlations in the ground state have almost the correct strength in a multishell model space. To improve the energies of the collective 2"+ and 3"- states the inclusion of core-polarisation effects in the force is required. Transition charge densities for collective states become strongly surface-peaked by core-polarisation effects, as is observed in experiments. The effects of pairing correlations and core polarisation on the magnetic form factor of the 3.486 MeV 1"+ state in "8"8Sr are found to be ...

326

A magnetically levitated electrode ionization chamber of the noncontact measurement type

We theoretically model a nuclear-state preparation scheme that increases the coherence time of a two-spin qubit in a double quantum dot. The two-electron system is tuned repeatedly across a singlet-triplet level-anticrossing with alternating slow and rapid sweeps of an external bias voltage. Using a Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg model, we find that in addition to a small nuclear polarization that weakly affects the electron spin coherence, the slow sweeps are only partially adiabatic and lead to a weak nuclear spin measurement and a nuclear-state narrowing which prolongs the electron spin coherence. This resolves some open problems brought up by a recent experiment. We also show that the electronic two-spin states singlet and triplet T_+ are promising candidates for the implementation of a qubit in GaAs double quantum dots (DQD). A coherent superposition of the two-spin states is obtained by finite time Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg interferometry and the single qubit ...

2010-03-21

327

A look ahead: PET/MR versus PET/CT

A new type of ionization chamber with levitated electrode has been developed. In this ionization chamber, an ion-collection electrode levitates in the air without getting any physical support from the insulator. The electrode is charged by an electrostatic charger without physical contact. The charge of the electrode is read out at a Faraday cage periodically at a given time interval without physical contact. Because its electrode levitates, the ionization chamber produces no background current caused by leaks or piezo current. In addition, as the charging of its electrode and the read-out of its charge are carried out without physical contact, no irregular charge or contact potential difference due to the chattering between electrode and contact point occurs. Through experiments, it was found that this ionization chamber was able to measure the {gamma}-ray dose such as the environmental radiation with a high degree of sensitivity. The minimum detectable value of ...

2002-04-01

328

Spin freezing in the re-entrant spin glass FeNiMn close to the frustration limit

Integration of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) has become a topic of increasing interest to the imaging community over the past two years. In this text, the authors attempt to distinguish facts from fiction concerning such integrated systems. Analysis of existing information of combined imaging on existing brain PET/MR systems and imaging experience with PET-computed tomography (CT) is reviewed. Various types of system integration of PET and MR are discussed with completely independent systems on one hand and completely integrated systems with the possibility of simultaneous data acquisition on the other hand. Furthermore, it is discussed, what simultaneous data acquisition with nuclear imaging systems combined with MR or CT really means, as technical simultaneity may not be relevant in light of the pharmacokinetics of the nuclear tracers used. The authors conclude that combining PET/MR is an interesting research ...

2009-03-15

329

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors from lattice QCD using 2+1 flavor domain wall fermions on fine lattices and chiral perturbation theory

In the invar alloy (Fe{sub 0.65}Ni{sub 0.35}){sub 1-} {sub x} Mn {sub x} we measured the magnetic form factor s(Q) and the intermediate scattering function s(Q,t) for a sample close to the critical Mn concentration (x {sub c}=0.139), at which the sample turns to a re-entrant spin glass phase. The aim was to check whether the magnetic behaviour would approach the Q-independent relaxation behaviour of a classical spin glass when x=x {sub c}. The experiment showed a quite similar spin freezing as for a more ferromagnetic sample with x=0.113. The intermediate scattering function and the form factor were determined by paramagnetic NSE. The normalized scattering function S(Q,t)=s(Q,t)/s(Q)=exp[(-{gamma}t) {sup n}] was fitted by stretched exponential decay. As a function of temperature T<200 K the inverse time constant {gamma} showed the change of more than four orders of magnitude from frozen spin glass (T=60 K to T=100 ...

2007-07-15

330

We present a high-statistics calculation of nucleon electromagnetic form factors in N{sub f}=2+1 lattice QCD using domain wall quarks on fine lattices, to attain a new level of precision in systematic and statistical errors. Our calculations use 32{sup 3}x64 lattices with lattice spacing a=0.084 fm for pion masses of 297, 355, and 403 MeV, and we perform an overdetermined analysis using on the order of 3600 to 7000 measurements to calculate nucleon electric and magnetic form factors up to Q{sup 2{approx_equal}}1.05 GeV{sup 2}. Results are shown to be consistent with those obtained using valence domain wall quarks with improved staggered sea quarks, and using coarse domain wall lattices. We determine the isovector Dirac radius r{sub 1}{sup v}, Pauli radius r{sub 2}{sup v} and anomalous magnetic moment {kappa}{sub v}. We also determine connected contributions to the corresponding isoscalar observables. We extrapolate these observables to the ...

2010-02-01

331

Magnetic resonance imaging of stents. Quantitative in vitro examination at 3 Tesla; Magnetresonanztomographie von Stents. Quantitative MR-Untersuchungen in vitro bei 3 Tesla

Many important advances in the physics of strongly correlated electron systems have been driven by the development of new materials: for instance the filled skutterudites MT{sub 4}X{sub 12} (M=alkali metal, alkaline earth, lanthanide, or actinide; T=Fe, Ru, or Os; X=P, As, or Sb), certain lanthanide and actinide intermetallic compounds such as URu{sub 2-x}Re{sub x}Si{sub 2} and CeTIn{sub 5} (T=Co, Rh, or Ir), and layered oxypnictides and related materials. These types of complex multinary d- and f-electron compounds have proven to be a vast reservoir of novel strongly correlated electron ground states and phenomena. In these materials, the occurrence of such a wide range of ground states and phenomena arises from a delicate interplay between competing interactions that can be tuned by partial or complete substitution of one element for another, as well as the application of pressure, and magnetic fields, resulting in rich and complex electronic phase diagrams in ...

2009-10-15

332

Magnetic properties of a SmNiSn single crystal

The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively study MR artifacts of various stents on the basis of in vitro experiments. We were particularly interested whether sequence type and orientation of the stent with respect to the static magnetic field influences the artifact. We examined 18 stents of different material (nitinol, stainless steel, cobalt alloy), different design of the stent meshes (AccuLink, OmniLink, DynaLink, Xact, Protoge, Wallstent Monorail), different diameter (5-10 mm) and different length (18-58 mm) with a turbo spin echo (TSE), a 2D-fast low angle shot (FLASH) and a 3D-FLASH sequence. The MR images were examined qualitatively with respect to possible artifacts. Furthermore we examined the MR data quantitatively: The contrast-noise-ratio (CNR) was determined both within the stent and outside (within the tube); based on these values we calculated the transparency factor P, furthermore we calculated the apparent ...

2009-07-01

333

Development of magnetic drive packless valves for commercial purpose

The magnetic properties of a single crystal of SmNiSn with the orthorhombic {epsilon}-TiNiSi-type crystal structure have been investigated by magnetic susceptibility, magnetization and electrical resistivity measurements from 1.5 K to room temperature. Two anomalies have been found in the magnetic susceptibility, indicating an antiferromagnetic phase transition at T{sub N}=9.4 K and a second transition at 4.4 K. A large magnetic anisotropy has been found at low temperatures in the temperature and field dependencies of magnetic susceptibility and magnetization. Below 80 K, the easy axis of the magnetization is the c-axis. At T=2.0 K, the c-axis magnetization curve exhibits metamagnetic-like behavior at H{sub c}=42 kOe and reaches 0.54 emu/g at H=55 kOe, whereas for the a- and b-axis the ...

2003-04-01

334

Challenges in fabrication of 180deg magnet chamber

A study on development of magnetic drive packless valves for commercial purpose showed the results as follows; 1. Study on the radial rays effecting to the permanent magnets -Measurement of the strength of Nd-magnets according to irradiation of radial rays. 2. Effects of temperature on the magnetic driving device -Temperature dependency of the Nd-casting magnets. -Effects of temperature on the heat releasing fins of high-temperature valve. 3. Optimization of torque -Arranging method of permanent magnets -Measuring method and results of torque. 4. Design, manufacture and test for the pressure-resisting structure of magnetic power transmitting device -Calculation and design for the flat circular plates under pressure of the magnetic power transmitting device -Design, manufacture and test for the pressure-resisting ...

1995-09-01

335

AC loss measurements of model and full size 50mm SSC collider dipole magnets at Fermilab

180 deg magnet chamber is used in Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator for passage and 180 deg bending of ion beam. The chamber is placed between 180 deg terminal magnet (Electro-magnet), which is used for bending, and analysing the beams. Magnet with a particular magnetic field strength bends ions of only specified mass energy product through a precise path. There is also a space limitation in the direction of magnetic field. Both of them require the magnet chamber to be of a close tolerance. Accuracy of center distance between inlet and outlet port of the magnet chamber has to be at par with the concentricity of high energy and low energy beam line. To achieve this we started the fabrication of magnet chamber by following two methods: a) Circular rolling and bending of rectangular tube for 180 deg sector ...

2006-11-01

336

Correlation between the microstructure and the physical properties of HTSC single crystals and films. Final report; Korrelation zwischen der Realstruktur und den physikalischen Eigenschaften von HTSL-Einkristallen und -Schichten. Abschlussbericht

Tests have recently been performed at Fermilab in order to measure the energy losses due to eddy currents and iron and superconductor magnetization. These measurements were performed on six 1.5m long model magnets and eight 15m long full scale collider dipole magnets. AC losses were measured as a function of ramp rate using sawtooth ramps from 500, to 5000 Amps for both types of magnets, while bipolar studies were additionally performed on some of the short magnets. The measured magnet voltage and current for a complete cycle are digitally integrated to yield the energy loss per cycle. Measurement reproducibility is typically 5%, with good agreement between long magnet measurements and extrapolations from short magnet measurement results. Magnetization loss measurements among similar ...

1992-09-01

337

[Low-intensity magnetic-laser therapy in the combined treatment of alcoholics with neurotic disorders].

1. In order to carry out isothermic crystal growth experiments of YBCO the 123 primary crystallization field was determined by means of phase diagram investigations and crystal growth experiments at different oxygen partial pressure. 2. YBCO single crystals of high crystallographic perfection were grown and conclusions on the flux pinning mechanism were drawn. 3. By means of Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) single crystalline (Tc{approx}90 K; {Delta}T{<=}0.5 K) c- and a,b- YBCO fils have been prepared on NdGaO{sub 3} and LaGaO{sub 3} substrates. The films were characterized structurally and magnetically. 4. Our fist melt textured YBCO ``single crystals`` possess intracrystalline critical current densities >10{sup 4} A/cm{sup 2} at B{<=}2T. The irreversibility inductions are {<=}6 T at 77 K. A simple demonstrator was constructed together with the IFW Dresden and a growth model was developed. 5. Using above all torque ...

1993-06-01

338

The Research for a Structure of Current Limiter using a Phasic Similitude of Magnetic Circuit

PMID:10860471

2000-04-01

339

The Effect of Static Magnetic Forces on Water Contents and Photosynthetic Pigments in Sweet Basil Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae)

Full Text Available

2009-11-01

340

THE APPLICATION OF STEEP PULSE CURRENTS TO THE ...

Three different magnetic regimes; aerial, surface and buried; each with three different forces, have been used to investigate their effects on the water contents and photosynthetic pigments of sweet basil plants (Ocimum basilicum L.). Two groups of sweet basil seeds, Ocimum basilicum L. have been cultivated, one under normal conditions and the second has been subdivided into three portion (aerial, surface and buried) to examine the effect of different magnetic forces coming from the three directions on the resulted plants. At all directions of magnets, water contents have been significantly affected by the magnetic forces. Chlorophyll A and carotene contents have been affected, as well, according to the three magnetic forces coming from soil surface regime only. Chlorophyll B did not significantly affected by differences magnetic forces in the three regimes, but ...

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341

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Zn, Co and Ni Substituted Manganese Ferrite Powders by Sol-gel Method

... Title : THE APPLICATION OF STEEP PULSE CURRENTS TO THE ELECTROHYDRAULIC AND MAGNETIC FORMING OF METALS. ...

1966-04-01

342

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Nano-sized Mn Ferrite Powder and Film

Full Text Available

2010-12-01

343

Surface-energy -induced Selective Growth and Magnetic Induction in 3%Si-Fe Strip

Full Text Available

2011-03-01

344

Suppression of Magnetization Ringing After Domain Wall Collision Studied by Micromagnetic Simulation

Full Text Available

2001-07-01

345

Study of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties with Particle Size in Soft Magnetic Alloy Powder

Full Text Available

2008-12-01

346

Search for magnetic rotation in {sup 202}Pb and {sup 203}Pb

Full Text Available

2007-08-01

347

Recovery Effects of a 180?mT Static Magnetic Field on Bone Mineral Density of Osteoporotic Lumbar Vertebrae in Ovariectomized Rats

No abstract prepared.

2000-07-24

348

QCCM - Center for NMR Quantum Information Processing

The effects of a moderate-intensity static magnetic field (SMF) on osteoporosis of the lumbar vertebrae were studied in ovariectomized rats. A small disc magnet (maximum magnetic flux density 180 mT)...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

349

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of ultrathin FeCo alloy films on Pd(0 0 1) surface: First principles study

... decoherence. Descriptors : *QUANTUM COMPUTING, NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS. Subject ...

2011-02-16

350

Peristaltic flow of a couple stress fluid under the effect of induced magnetic field in an asymmetric channel

Using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method, thickness dependent magnetic anisotropy of ultrathin FeCo alloy films in the range of 1 monolayer (ML) to 5 ML coverage on Pd(0 0 1) surface has been explored. We have found that the FeCo alloy films have close to half metallic state and well-known surface enhancement in thin film magnetism is observed in Fe atom, whereas the Co has rather stable magnetic moment. However, the largest magnetic moment in Fe and Co is found at 1 ML thickness. Interestingly, it has been observed that the interface magnetic moments of Fe and Co are almost the same as those of surface elements. The similar trend exists in orbital magnetic moment. This indicates that the strong hybridization between interface FeCo alloy and Pd gives rise to the large magnetic moment. Theoretically calculated ...

2009-06-01

351

Optimization of soft magnetic properties in Fe-B and Fe-B-Si amorphous alloys obtained by melt spinning method

Not Available

2011-01-01

352

NASA Technical Reports Server - Magnetic forming coil design and ...

In the present paper the progress of optimization of soft magnetic properties have been studied by applying different experimental techniques (magnetic measurements, electric measurements, X-ray analysis, and high-resolution electron microscopy observation). It has been shown that an increase in magnetic permeability after optimization annealing can be mainly attributed to annealing out of microvoids. (author)

2001-09-23

353

Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance and X-ray Crystallographic Investigation of Some Mixed Ligand Alkylisocynaide Platinum(Ii) Complexes

Site Error There's a problem with your browser or settings. ...

354

Morphologic Assessment of Corpus Callosum in the Patient of Alzheimer Disease using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

No abstract prepared.

2005-08-01

355

Magnetic resonance imaging in neurologic diseases--comparison with computed tomography.

Full Text Available

2009-12-01

356

Magnetic properties of single crystalline RE{sub 2}PdSi{sub 3} intermetallic compounds

Full Text Available

1987-03-01

357

No abstract prepared.

2005-07-01

358

Magnetic forming studies

Magnetic field effect on fluid flow characteristics in a pipe for laminar flow

Elastodynamic approach to measuring stress-strain relationship of uniaxially stressed wire, and

1967-01-01

359

Magnetic excitations in amorphous ferromagnets

Full Text Available

2011-02-01

360

Magnetic electronic lenses, quadrupole and octupole for microsystem electron beam techniques

Neutron scattering techniques have been used to measure the static structure and magnetic excitations in amorphous magnets. Sum rules and computer models are used to discuss the relationship between the static disorder and the shape of the excitation spectrum. Polarized beam measurements of chi''(Q,E) are compared to analytical theories and computer calculations for the magnetic excitations in amorphous ferromagnets.

1978-03-01

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361

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Rabbit Kidney after Renal Vein Ligation

The MOS-technology allows to make tiny electronic lenses for multibeam electron systems. In the paper results of research and principles of designing of tiny magnetic electron lenses are submitted. Electronic lenses with a nonconventional configuration of tiny magnetic circuit and electronic lenses with coincident electric and magnetic fields in nonconventional tiny performance are considered

2006-09-01

362

Magnetic Properties of SrRuO3 Thin Films Having Different Crystal Symmetries

Full Text Available

1993-05-01

363

MEASURING DEVICE AND MEASURING METHOD FOR MEASURING PERMEATION CHARACTERISTIC OF MEMBRANE BY USING NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE METHOD

Full Text Available

2008-06-01

364

Influence of rotation and magnetic field on the minimum mass of a main-sequence star

Full Text Available

2007-03-09

365

In-vivo study on the harmful effect of the extremely low frequency unipolar pulsating magnetic field in mice.

The influence of rigid-body and differential rotation and of a fine-scale chaotic magnetic field and a poloidal magnetic field on the minimum mass of a main-sequence star is investigated. It is shown that rotation and a magnetic field with an energy equal to 10--20% of the star's gravitational energy increase the minimum mass of a main-sequence star by 1.5--2 times.

1980-11-01

366

GaAs/(ordered) GaInP2 Heterostructures under Pressure and HighMagnetic Fields

Full Text Available

1997-04-01

367

Experimental Estimation on Magnetic Friction of Superconductor Flywheel Energy Storage System

No abstract prepared.

1998-09-01

368

Employing Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) in the Estimation of the Biomechanical Body Segment Parameters of Korean Adults

Full Text Available

2011-06-01

369

Dispersion Characteristics of Oleic Acid Stabilized Water-based Magnetic Fluids by Peptiaztion Method

Full Text Available

2002-04-01

370

Development of the Caliper System for a Geometry PIG Based on Magnetic Field Analysis

Full Text Available

1994-03-01

371

Detection of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Tissue Using Magneto-Motive DP-OCT

Full Text Available

2003-12-01

372

Clinical usefulness of magnetic resonance cisternography in patients having hemifacial spasm.

Full Text Available

2007-03-01

373

CIinical significance of dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Wrist Joint in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Full Text Available

2001-08-01

374

Application of Dates of Terrestrial Magnetism to Archaeological Remains - Centered on a Charcoal Kiln with Side Window at Maegokdong, Ulsan -

Full Text Available

1996-06-01

375

Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Characteristics and Images of Korean Red Ginseng

Full Text Available

2008-12-01

376

An Analysis on Initial 2084 Cases of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Full Text Available

2003-06-01

377

Absence of magnetic ordering in a heavy fermion superconductor UBe{sub 13}

Full Text Available

1989-01-01

378

A Study on the Robust Control of Horizontal-Shaft Magnetic Bearing System Considering Perturbation

No abstract prepared

1999-02-01

379

A Study on Development of Electro Magnetic Wave Absorbers for Mobile Phones

Full Text Available

2010-01-01

380

A Study of Magnetic Properties for Recycling of Laser Printer Developer Roller

Full Text Available

2006-05-01

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381

A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE DEFORMATION ...

Full Text Available

2009-01-01

382

A HELICAL MAGNET DESIGN FOR RHIC.

... crystals and polycrystals. Nevertheless, explosive forming, magnetic forming, etc., are all high-strain-rate processes that ...

1963-04-01

383

Medical experience: Chernobyl and other accidents

Helical dipole magnets are required in a project for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to control and preserve the beam polarization in order to allow the collision of polarized proton beams. Specifications are for low current superconducting magnets with a 100 mm coil aperture and a 4 Tesla field in which the field rotates 360 degrees over a distance of 2.4 meters. A magnet meeting the requirements has been developed that uses a small diameter cable wound into helical grooves machined into a thick-walled aluminum cylinder.

1997-05-12

384

Magnetocaloric and magnetoresistance studies of GdPd{sub 2}Si

Short communication.

385

Magnetocaloric and magnetoresistance studies of GdPd_2Si

The compound GdPd{sub 2}Si, which is reported to order antiferromagnetically at 13 K, has been investigated by heat capacity and electrical resistivity measurement in the presence of external magnetic fields. In contrast to an earlier report, the zero-field heat capacity and resistivity data indicate two magnetic transitions at 13 and 17 K. The external magnetic field substantially influences the resistivity and heat capacity of the compound around the magnetic ordering temperature. The magnetocaloric effect, which is calculated from in-field heat capacity data, is quite large around the magnetic transition temperature. The magnetoresistance is also large near the magnetic ordering temperature. The metamagnetic transition is observed for 10 kOe magnetic field both in magnetocaloric and in magnetoresistance data. The metamagnetic transition ...

2001-01-22

386

Magnetic separation anxiety

The compound GdPd_2Si, which is reported to order antiferromagnetically at 13 K, has been investigated by heat capacity and electrical resistivity measurement in the presence of external magnetic fields. In contrast to an earlier report, the zero-field heat capacity and resistivity data indicate two magnetic transitions at 13 and 17 K. The external magnetic field substantially influences the resistivity and heat capacity of the compound around the magnetic ordering temperature. The magnetocaloric effect, which is calculated from in-field heat capacity data, is quite large around the magnetic transition temperature. The magnetoresistance is also large near the magnetic ordering temperature. The metamagnetic transition is observed for 10 kOe magnetic field both in magnetocaloric and in magnetoresistance data. The metamagnetic transition ...

2001-01-22

387

High-mode-number ballooning modes in a heliotron/torsatron system: 1, Local magnetic shear

This paper reports that only a few years ago superconducting magnetic separation was viewed as the next major market for superconducting magnets. The first commercial units had been installed, worked flawlessly, and demonstrated real economic viability. The potential market was seen as quite large, and many people believed that superconducting magnetic separation would soon show the same rapid growth that MRI had demonstrated after its initial success. These hopes even prompted IGC, one of the top MRI magnet builders, to form a separate division devoted to magnetic separation. Despite the existence of Magstream, IGC has not been overly active in the market. As a technology that has applications from the clay on the Earth to the soil on the moon, superconducting magnetic separation has yet to become widely used.

1992-01-01

388

Effect of the induced magnetic field on peristaltic flow of a couple stress fluid

The characteristics of the local magnetic shear, a quantity associated with high-mode-number ballooning mode stability, are considered in heliotron/torsatron devices that have a large Shafranov shift. The local magnetic shear is shown to vanish even in the stellarator-like region in which the global magnetic shear is positive. The reason for this is that the degree of the local compression of the poloidal magnetic field on the outer side of the torus, which maintains the toroidal force balance, is reduced in the stellarator-like region of global magnetic shear because the global rotational transform in heliotron/torsatron systems is a radially increasing function. This vanishing of the local magnetic shear is a universal property in heliotron/torsatron systems with a large Shafranov shift since it results from toroidal force balance in the stellarator-like ...

1996-05-01

389

Eddy current probe development based on a magnetic sensor array; Developpement d'un imageur magnetique pour le controle non destructif par courants de Foucault

We have analyzed the MHD flow of a conducting couple stress fluid in a slit channel with rhythmically contracting walls. In this analysis we are taking into account the induced magnetic field. Analytical expressions for the stream function, the magnetic force function, the axial pressure gradient, the axial induced magnetic field and the distribution of the current density across the channel are obtained using long wavelength approximation. The results for the pressure rise, the frictional force per wave length, the axial induced magnetic field and distribution of the current density across the channel have been computed numerically and the results were studied for various values of the physical parameters of interest, such as the couple stress parameter ?, the Hartmann number M, the magnetic Reynolds number R and the time averaged mean flow rate ?. Contour plots for the stream and ...

2008-06-01

390

On the temperature dependence of the magnetic excitations

This research deals with in the study of the use of innovating magnetic sensors in eddy current non destructive inspection. The author reports an analysis survey of magnetic sensor performances. This survey enables the selection of magnetic sensor technologies used in non destructive inspection. He presents the state-of-the-art of eddy current probes exploiting the qualities of innovating magnetic sensors, and describes the methods enabling the use of these magnetic sensors in non destructive testing. Two main applications of innovating magnetic sensors are identified: the detection of very small defects by means of magneto-resistive sensors, and the detection of deep defects by means of giant magneto-impedances. Based on the use of modelling, optimization, signal processing tools, probes are manufactured for these both applications.

2007-06-15

391

Three dimensional wavefield modeling using the pseudospectral method; Pseudospectral ho ni yoru sanjigen hadoba modeling

We compare experimental data for temperature dependence of the magnetic order parameter and the magnetic excitations (spin waves) in materials with a quenched orbital moment and a well-defined spin quantum number. It is observed that the thermal decrease of the two quantities proceeds according to the same analytical function of the type y(T)=1-cT"#epsilon# with an identical exponent #epsilon#. This power function applies not only asymptotically for T->0 but holds over a wide temperature range. The exponent #epsilon# is universal, i.e. independent of spin order type and lattice symmetry and depends only on the dimensionality of the relevant interactions and on whether the spin quantum number is integer or half-integer. The different T"#epsilon# functions are identified as representations of stable universality classes. The fact that order parameter and magnetic excitations follow the same T"#epsilon# function shows that ...

2005-07-15

392

Strain-Biased PLZT Input Devices (Page Composers) for Holographic Memories and Optical Data Processing.

Discussed in this report is a wavefield simulation in the 3-dimensional seismic survey. With the level of the object of exploration growing deeper and the object more complicated in structure, the survey method is now turning 3-dimensional. There are several modelling methods for numerical calculation of 3-dimensional wavefields, such as the difference method, pseudospectral method, and the like, all of which demand an exorbitantly large memory and long calculation time, and are costly. Such methods have of late become feasible, however, thanks to the advent of the parallel computer. As compared with the difference method, the pseudospectral method requires a smaller computer memory and shorter computation time, and is more flexible in accepting models. It outputs the result in fullwave just like the difference method, and does not cause wavefield numerical variance. As the computation platform, the parallel computer nCUBE-2S is used. The ...

1997-05-27

393

Selective patterned growth of single-crystal organic nanowires of Ag-TCNQ with chemical raction method

PLZT-7/65/35 is a ferroelectric ceramic with strong electrooptic properties and memory; it is switched through transparent electrodes when mechanically strained. Matrix addressed x-y page composers for interfacing electrical and coherent optical systems are being fabricated with PLZT. Switching voltages are 50-300 V. Optical efficiencies greater than 40% have been achieved. Strains near 2.4 x 10(-3) mm/mm permit half-wave retardation switching in 100-micro-thick plates with 80-V read-in and 190-V erase levels (60 Hz hysteresis data). A 128 x 128 element array can operate at 10(7) bits/sec with 10-microsec switching in a row at a time mode. Half-select disturbances affect contrasts. Applications in displays are also feasible. PMID:20111514

1972-02-01

394

Quantifying bid-ask spreads in the Chinese stock market using limit-order book data: Intraday pattern, probability distribution, long memory, and multifractal nature

Abstract: We report for the selective-area chemical synthesis of semiconductor single-crystal organic nanowires of silver-tetracyanoquinodimethane (Ag-TCNQ). Straight and smooth Ag-TCNQ nanowires can be produced and patterned on micrometer and nanometer scale on silicon substrates covered with a thin layer of Ag film through the reaction of TCNQ and Ag in a simple gas-solid chemical reaction process. Ag-TCNQ nanowires are characterized by UV-vis, IR and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The Ag-TCNQ nanowires grows preferentially along the [100] direction of strong - stacking of Ag-TCNQ molecules. Nanodevices based on these nanowires are fabricated using focus ion beam (FIB) technique. Electrical properties are characterized and I-V hysteresis is observed, which shows memory effect with electrical switching of three orders on-off ratio. These nanowires could be potential for use in optical storage, ultrahigh-density nanoscale memory and logic ...

2008-09-01

395

Phenomenological 3D and 1D consistent models for shape-memory alloy materials

The statistical properties of the bid-ask spread of a frequently traded Chinese stock listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange are investigated using the limit-order book data. Three different definitions of spread are considered based on the time right before transactions, the time whenever the highest buying price or the lowest selling price changes, and a fixed time interval. The results are qualitatively similar no matter linear prices or logarithmic prices are used. The average spread exhibits evident intraday patterns consisting of a big L-shape in the morning and a small L-shape in the afternoon. The distributions of the spread with different definitions decay as power laws. The tail exponents of spreads at transaction level are well within the interval $(2,3)$ and that of average spreads are well in line with the inverse cubic law for different time intervals. Based on the detrended fluctuation analysis, we find evidence of long memory in the bid-ask spread ...

2006-01-01

396

Microprocessor system controlling gas-carburizing process

The paper deals with the modeling and the development of a numerical procedure for the analysis of shape-memory alloy (SMA) elements in order to predict the main features of SMA devices. A 3D SMA model in the framework of small strain theory is developed starting from the thermo-mechanical model proposed by Souza et al. (Eur J Mech A/Solids 17:789-806, 1998) and modified by Auricchio and Petrini (Int J Numer Methods Eng 55:1255-1284, 2002). The aim of this paper is to propose some more modifications to the original model, to derive its consistent 1D formulation, to clarify the mechanical meaning of the material parameters governing the constitutive model. A robust time integration algorithm is developed in the framework of the finite element method and a new beam finite element is proposed. Some numerical applications and a comparison with experimental data available in literature are carried out in order to assess the ability of the proposed model to describe the ...

2009-08-01

397

FastFlow: Efficient Parallel Streaming Applications on Multi-core

This report introduces a microprocessor system composed of a Z-80 single-board computer controlling a gas-carburizing process. The system has 7 analogical input and output signals 24 switch signal-input and 12 switch signal-output signals, which are applicable for temperature, carbon potential, and mechanical-movement control of multipurpose sealed furnaces, or for mutiple-zone temperature, carbon potential, and mechanical-movement control of continuous gas carburizing furnaces; or for distributed control of pit-type carburizing furnaces. The setpoints of variables, such as treating time, temperature, carbon potential of carburizing period, carbon potential of diffusion period, depth of carburizing layer, P.I.D. etc., are entered by keyboard and stored into memories, and actual values are displayed by digital tubes. Furthermore, the fault of thermocouple, oxygen probe, or infrared CO/sub 2/ analyzer; carbon potential, or temperature exceeding the setting value; ...

1986-01-01

398

Theory of zwitterionic molecular-based organic magnets

Shared memory multiprocessors come back to popularity thanks to rapid spreading of commodity multi-core architectures. As ever, shared memory programs are fairly easy to write and quite hard to optimise; providing multi-core programmers with optimising tools and programming frameworks is a nowadays challenge. Few efforts have been done to support effective streaming applications on these architectures. In this paper we introduce FastFlow, a low-level programming framework based on lock-free queues explicitly designed to support high-level languages for streaming applications. We compare FastFlow with state-of-the-art programming frameworks such as Cilk, OpenMP, and Intel TBB. We experimentally demonstrate that FastFlow is always more efficient than all of them in a set of micro-benchmarks and on a real world application; the speedup edge of FastFlow over other solutions might be bold for fine grain tasks, as an example +35% on OpenMP, +226% on ...

2009-01-01

399

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We describe a class of organic molecular magnets based on zwitterionic molecules (betaine derivatives) possessing donor, p bridge, and acceptor groups. Using extensive electronic structure calculations we show the electronic ground-state in these systems is magnetic. In addition, we show that the large energy differences computed for the various magnetic states indicate a high Neel temperature. The quantum mechanical nature of the magnetic properties originates from the conjugated p bridge (only p electrons) in cooperation with the molecular donor-acceptor character. The exchange interactions between electron spin are strong, local, and independent on the length of the p bridge.

2011-01-01

400

Occurrence of magnetism in superconductors

Magnetic properties of glasses from geothite industrial wastes recycling (FeOOH)

We discuss how magnetic phenomena affect superconductivity in simple metals, transition metals and alloys thereof, and dilute Rare-Earth alloys. It is shown both qualitatively and quantitatively that superconductors are sensitive probes for studying itinerant spin excitations, local spin excitations associated with nearly magnetic impurities, the effect of the atomic environment on the stability of local magnetic moments, and the nature of the spin order in Rare-Earth alloys. Also, we discuss how magnetic impurities can be used to study the electronic configuration which is responsible for superconductivity in Laves-phase crystals like A-15 compounds and ..beta..-W crystals, for example.

1970-12-14

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

401

Magnetic fluctuations in paramagnetic Mn{sub 0.81}Ni{sub 0.19}

It has been carried out the magnetic properties determination for high iron oxide content glasses series obtained from a geothite red mud waste from the zinc hydrometallurgy and dolomite and glass cullet as main raw materials. It has been determined the magnetic susceptibility and magnetization values for the glasses here investigated. The results suggest that the magnetic behaviour are depending on the glass chemical composition, so that glasses can be differently classified like ferrimagnetic, ferromagnetic, superparamagnetic and paramagnetic. (Author) 6 refs.

402

Hydromagnetic rotational braking of magnetic stars

Magnetic fluctuations present in the paramagnetic Mn{sub 0.81}Ni{sub 0.19} system have been investigated by measuring inelastic magnetic neutron scattering from a single crystal at temperatures of 450, 585 and 700 K. Antiferromagnetic correlations are observed to be present at all the temperatures studied. The spectral width of the magnetic scattering has been observed to increase with temperature, while the spatial range of the magnetic correlations is seen to decrease as the temperature is raised. The wave-vector-dependent susceptibility is found to follow a Curie-Weiss law near the (1 0 0) position, in agreement with theoretical predictions.

2006-11-15

403

Correlation between Magnetic Field Quality and mechanical components of the Large Hadron Collider Main Dipoles

It is suggested that the magnetic Ap stars can be rotationally decelerated to long periods by the braking action of the associated magnetic field on time scales of order 10"7--10"1"0 years depending on whether the star's dipole field is aligned perpendicular or parallel to the rotation axis. Rotation includes a toroidal magnetic field in the plasma surrounding a star, and the accompanying magnetic stresses produce a net torque acting to despin the star. These results indicate that it is not necessary to postulate mass loss or mass accretion for this purely hydromagnetic braking effect.

404

Theoretical investigations of strength of a flexible tube made of NiTi; Festigkeitstheoretische Untersuchungen einer flexiblen Huelse aus NiTi

The homogeneity of the magnetic field in the LHC dipoles strongly depends on the correct position of the superconducting cables: this is related to the quality of the dipole components, such as the dimension of the coil spacers (copper wedges), of the cable and of the collars. The performance in operational conditions is also affected by the magnetization of the cables. In this work, we analyse the measurements of these quantities during the production of the 1276 LHC dipoles, their trends, and the relation to the measured magnetic field. A novel mtehod to locate electrical shorts based on the analysis of magnetic measurements is also presented, and applications to 15 dipoles reascued during the production is given.

2006-01-01

405

Theoretical approach on microscopic bases of stochastic functional self-organization: quantitative measures of the organizational degree of the environment

A flexible, steerable tube (distal end) of an endoscope for the application in the laparoscopic surgery has been analyzed by means of the finite-element-method (FEM). The unusual mechanical and thermal features of the used shape memory alloy (SMA) of NiTi were taken in account. The analyses showed that the strains remain in the super-elastic region up to the maximum bending of 90 and no plastic deformations occur. The application of the shape optimization (CAO) made possible finding the optimal structure of the distal end and therefore powerful reducing the maximum strains in the critical regions. (orig.)

2000-04-01

406

The development of a centralized automatic monitoring system for coal mines: composition and functions of the system

There has been increased theoretical and experimental research interest in autonomous mobile robots exhibiting cooperative behaviour. This paper provides consistent quantitative measures of organizational degree of a two-dimensional environment. We proved, by the way of numerical simulations, that the theoretically derived values of the feature are reliable measures of aggregation degree. The slope of the feature's dependence on memory radius leads to an optimization criterion for stochastic functional self-organization. We also described the intellectual heritages that have guided our research, as well as possible future developments. (author)

2001-11-30

407

Semantic network array processor and its applications to image understanding

A centralized, automatic monitoring system for coal mines has been developed. The system consists of newly-developed and improved sensors, transmission equipment, a minicomputer designed for scientific and technical calculations, and accompanying software (MOLES). MOLES performs six functions: input, computation, decision, memory, output and correction. Previously, centralized monitoring has been limited to single dimensional monitoring of the 'time and point' type. The present system carries out data analysis and processing with respect to time, space and item. It is also capable of simple automatic diagnosis of abnormalities. (In Japanese)

1983-01-01

408

Self-stabilizing K-out-of-L exclusion on tree network

The problems in computer vision range from edge detection and segmentation at the lowest level to the problem of cognition at the highest level. This correspondence describes the organization and operation of a semantic network array processor (SNAP) as applicable to high level computer vision problems. The architecture consists of an array of identical cells each containing a content addressable memory, microprogram control, and a communication unit. The applications discussed in this paper are the two general techniques, discrete relaxation and dynamic programming. While the discrete relaxation is discussed with reference to scene labeling and edge interpretation, the dynamic programming is tuned for stereo.

1987-01-01

409

Pansystems traffics, logistics and knowledge rediscovery

In this paper, we address the problem of K-out-of-L exclusion, a generalization of the mutual exclusion problem, in which there are $\\ell$ units of a shared resource, and any process can request up to $\\mathtt k$ units ($1\\leq\\mathtt k\\leq\\ell$). We propose the first deterministic self-stabilizing distributed K-out-of-L exclusion protocol in message-passing systems for asynchronous oriented tree networks which assumes bounded local memory for each process.

2008-01-01

410

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop pansystems-styled traffics, logistics and knowledge rediscovery. The core logoi are the generalized resources//F* and their circulation//C*. The research presents a new outlook to mathematics, physics, traffic, communication, logistics, KD, internet, computer, translation, simulation, information, life-systems, logic or reasoning, memory or storage, process, transaction, finance, education, inherent, topology, evolution, etc. and then certain mechanism among them and related mutuality can be unveiled. Design/methodology/approach - A flexible combination of philosophy, mathematics and technology is embodied. The paper is an application of pansystems methodology to approach the following topics: pansystems resource, circulation: traffics, log...

2009-01-01

411

PLZT electrooptic shutters: applications

Microscopic model for the higher-order nonlinearity in optical filaments

Advances in the development of several electrooptic shutter devices utilizing the quadratic electrooptic effect of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramic wafers are described. Aperture sizes utilized in these PLZT devices ranged from 25 ..mu..m to 0.25 m. Practical applications of the shutters discussed in this paper include eye protection in military and industrial applications, a goggle-type device with dual synchronously operated PLZT shutters for use in a stereoscopic three-dimensional TV display, an electrically controlled variable density filter for use with vidicon tubes, a large-aperture photographic shutter for image motion compensation cameras, and a page composer for use in a holographic memory system.

1975-08-01

412

Method for syndrome coding and its application to fast hardware data selection based on the processors operating in the GF(2sup(m)) Galois field

Using an exactly soluble one-dimensional atomic model we explore the idea that the recently observed high-order nonlinearity in optical filaments is due to virtual transitions involving the continuum states. We show that the model's behavior is qualitatively comparable with the experimentally observed cross-over from self-focusing to de-focusing at high intensities, and only occurs at intensities which result in significant ionization. Based on these observations, we conjecture that this continuum electron nonlinear refraction exhibits strong memory effects, and most importantly, the change of its sign is effectively masked by the de-focusing due to free electrons.

2010-01-01

413

Inter-process communication primitives for DSM multiprocessor

The method of syndrome coding for data compression read out from multiwire proportional chambers that has been previously proposed is generalized in case of its application to registration of the coordinates of events detected. The questions of execution of arithmetic and algebraic operations on the Galois field elements and their hardware implementation are considered. The method of computation is presented of a specialized processor for parallel computing the coordinates of three sparks. The estimate of its speed is equal to 185 ns. Data compression, data selection and coordinate calculations are performed without use of memory elements and timing pulses.

414

Automatic Control via Thermostats of a Hyperbolic Stefan Problem with Memory

A simple but powerful inter-process communication machine is presented for programming direct shared memory multiprocessor machines in medium and low level application areas and in particular, for the programming of embedded systems such as intelligent instrumentation and online controllers. The primitives are based on hoare's concept of tightly synchronised data transfer to provide mutual exclusion and synchronisation in a single mechanism. The design of these primitives is discussed with reference to a number of criteria considered appropriate to the application area and their implementation in the Cyba-M multi-microprocessor research is described. 10 references.

1981-01-01

415

Theory of low voltage annular beam free-electron lasers

A hyperbolic Stefan problem based on the linearized Gurtin-Pipkin heat conduction law is considered. The temperature and free boundary are controlled by a thermostat acting on the boundary. This feedback control is based on temperature measurements performed by real thermal sensors located within the domain containing the two-phase system and/or at its boundary. Three different types of thermostats are analyzed: simple switch, relay switch, and a Preisach hysteresis operator. The resulting models lead to integrodifferential hyperbolic Stefan problems with nonlinear and nonlocal boundary conditions. Existence results are proved in all the cases. Uniqueness is also shown, except in the situation corresponding to the ideal switch.

1999-03-15

416

Outcome of moderately dosed radiosurgery for limited brain metastases. Report of a single-center experience

An nonlinear analysis of an annular beam propagating through a cylindrical waveguide in the presence of a helical wiggler and an axial guide field is presented. The analysis is based upon the ARACHNE simulation which is a non-wiggler-averaged slow-time-scale simulation code in which the electromagnetic field is represented as a superposition of the TE and TM modes in a vacuum waveguide, and the beam space-charge waves are represented as a superposition of Gould-Trivelpiece modes. The DC self-electric and self-magnetic fields are also included in the model. ARACHNE has been extensively benchmarked against experiments at MIT and NRL in the past with good agreement, but all of these experiments have dealt with solid electron beams and beam voltages in excess of 200 kV. In seeking to reduce the beam voltage requirements we now consider the effect of operation with an annular beam. One advantage to be obtained by using an ...

1995-12-31

417

K/sub. beta. //K/sub. cap alpha. / transition probability ratios from the measurement of fluorescent X-ray intensities of some lanthanide compounds

Purpose: Efficacy and safety of the own single-center experience with moderately dosed radiosurgery (SRS) for limited (one to four) brain metastases were analyzed and correlated with patient- and treatment-related variables. Patients and Methods: Between 05/1998 and 10/2006, 93 patients received SRS for a total of 142 brain metastases. The median number of brain metastases treated per patient was one (range, one to four). 46 patients (49%) received initial SRS alone, 13 patients (14%) SRS with up-front whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), and 34 patients (37%) SRS for recurrent metastases after WBRT. Median dose was 16 Gy (range, 10-20 Gy). Results: Median overall survival (OS) was 7.5 months. The actuarial 6- and 12-month data for OS were 60% and 35%, for local brain control (LBC) 87% and 79%, and for distant brain control (DBC) 48% and 37%, respectively. Only ten of 46 patients (22%) with initial SRS alone ultimately received WBRT. Ten patients suffered from seizures ...

2010-02-01

418

K/sub #beta#//K/sub #alpha#/ transition probability ratios from the measurement of fluorescent X-ray intensities of some lanthanide compounds

The effect that different chemical and physical atomic environments can have on the relative intensities of radiative electron transitions from the filling of K shell vacancies was investigated. The method used involved the detection of photoionization induced X-ray fluorescence. An experimental system based on a hyper pure germanium detector (HPGE) was used to measure the relative K-L and K-M X-ray yields from the photofluorescence of a series of lanthanide elements and compounds. A background subtraction and peak integration strategy was employed which accounted for scattering in the samples and scattering of the flux from the radioisotope photoionization sources. Analysis of the data resulted in a tabulation of relative K/sub ..beta..//K/sub ..cap alpha../ X-ray intensity ratios. The measured relative K/sub ..beta..//K/sub ..cap alpha../ X-ray intensity ratios were compared to the calculated values predicted by the theoretical development of Scofield and the average of previous ...

1987-01-01

419

Experimental estimation of the hot spot size in Nb-based Josephson tunnel junctions using Abrikosov vortices

The effect that different chemical and physical atomic environments can have on the relative intensities of radiative electron transitions from the filling of K shell vacancies was investigated. The method used involved the detection of photoionization induced X-ray fluorescence. An experimental system based on a hyper pure germanium detector (HPGE) was used to measure the relative K-L and K-M X-ray yields from the photofluorescence of a series of lanthanide elements and compounds. A background subtraction and peak integration strategy was employed which accounted for scattering in the samples and scattering of the flux from the radioisotope photoionization sources. Analysis of the data resulted in a tabulation of relative K/sub #beta#//K/sub #alpha#/ X-ray intensity ratios. The measured relative K/sub #beta#//K/sub #alpha#/ X-ray intensity ratios were compared to the calculated values predicted by the theoretical development of Scofield and the average of previous experimental values ...

1987-01-01

420

How the Performance of a Superconducting Magnet is affected by theConnection between a small cooler and the Magnet

We report on a new experimental approach to the size estimation of the hot spot induced by ionizing particles in a Josephson tunnel junction. Here, in contrast to the case of a superconducting strip, it is possible to investigate the hot spot dynamics in absence of effects due to the heating induced by the bias current. The reported experiment is based on the motion of Abrikosov vortices, trapped in the thin films constituting the junction electrodes, under 5.6 MeV {alpha}-particle irradiation. The fast time evolution of a hot spot, combined with the presence of Abrikosov vortices, produces a change of the static magnetic field in the junction area and thus a change of the critical current value, I{sub c}. Measurements of I{sub c} during the {alpha}-particle irradiation and in presence of trapped Abrikosov vortices allow to determine the rate of appearance of those I{sub c} changes. The behavior of the average appearance rate as function of the ...

1997-11-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

421

Anisotropic Nd{endash}Fe{endash}B bonded magnets made from HDDR powders (invited)

As low temperature cryocoolers become more frequently used to cool superconducting magnets, it becomes increasingly apparent that the connection between the cooler and the magnet has an effect on the design and performance of the magnet. In general, the use of small coolers can be considered in two different temperature ranges; (1) from 3.8 to 4.8 K for magnet fabricated with LTS conductor and (2) from 18 to 35 K for magnets fabricated using HTS conductor. In general, both temperature ranges call for the use of a two-stage cooler. The best method for connecting a cooler to the magnet depends on a number of factors. The factors include: (1) whether the cooler must be used to cool down the magnet from room temperature, (2) whether the magnet must have one or more reservoirs of liquid cryogen to keep the ...

2005-09-08

422

Anisotropic Nd{endash}Fe{endash}B magnet powders can be produced by the hydrogenationdecomposition-desorption-recombination (HDDR) process from Nd{endash}Fe@ xnB{endash}Co{endash}M ({ital M}=Ga, Zr, Nb, Hf, and Ta) alloys. The present status of those HDDR powders and the bonded magnets made from them are reviewed with regards to the powder particle size dependence of their magnetic properties, their magnetic thermal stability, and their magnetization behavior. The results of a mechanistic study on the recombination step are also presented. The magnetic properties of the anisotropic HDDR powder depend relatively little on the powder particle size. Bonded magnets with a density of {approximately}6.20 g/cm{sup 3} and a BH{sub max} of 18.5{endash}20.5 MGOe can be produced from anisotropic HDDR powders with particle sizes of below 300 {mu}m diam. ...

1996-04-01

423

Summary of Dissimilar Metal Joining Trials Conducted by Edison Welding Institute

Twenty undergraduate students participated in an elaborative learning test to evaluate the relationship between electrical brain activity and subsequently recalled and not-recalled words. Data collected from the midline (Fz, Cz, Pz) and lateral scalp sites (F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4) were analysed. The difference between event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by subsequently recalled and not-recalled words, the ERP memory effect, was evaluated for each portion (primacy, plateau and recency) of the serial-position curve (SPC). We compared peak amplitudes for the P1, N1, P2, N400, P3 and frontal positive slow wave (FPSW) components. The electrophysiological data support the hypothesis that different mechanisms underlie primacy and recency effects during free recall paradigms. There was no support for the hypothesis that an association arises between memory and the FPSW when subjects utilise elaborative learning strategies. The P2 component ...

2002-10-01

424

Summary of Dissimilar Metal Joining Trials Conducted by Edison Welding Institute

Under the direction of the NASA-Glenn Research Center, the Edison Welding Institute (EWI) in Columbus, OH performed a series of non-fusion joining experiments to determine the feasibility of joining refractory metals or refractory metal alloys to Ni-based superalloys. Results, as reported by EWI, can be found in the project report for EWI Project 48819GTH (Attachment A, at the end of this document), dated October 10, 2005. The three joining methods used in this investigation were inertia welding, magnetic pulse welding, and electro-spark deposition joining. Five materials were used in these experiments: Mo-47Re, T-111, Hastelloy X, Mar M-247 (coarse-grained, 0.5 mm to several millimeter average grain size), and Mar M-247 (fine-grained, approximately 50 (micro)m average grain size). Several iterative trials of each material combination with each joining method were performed to determine the best practice joining method. ...

425

Kondo effect and impurity-impurity interaction in (La, Ce)B_6 alloys

Under the direction of the NASA-Glenn Research Center, the Edison Welding Institute (EWI) in Columbus, OH performed a series of non-fusion joining experiments to determine the feasibility of joining refractory metals or refractory metal alloys to Ni-based superalloys. Results, as reported by EWI, can be found in the project report for EWI Project 48819GTH (Attachment A, at the end of this document), dated October 10, 2005. The three joining methods used in this investigation were inertia welding, magnetic pulse welding, and electro-spark deposition joining. Five materials were used in these experiments: Mo-47Re, T-111, Hastelloy X, Mar M-247 (coarse-grained, 0.5 mm to several millimeter average grain size), and Mar M-247 (fine-grained, approximately 50 {micro}m average grain size). Several iterative trials of each material combination with each joining method were performed to determine the best practice joining method. ...

2005-11-18

426

Development of magnetic separation system of magnetoliposomes

Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility betweeen 0.03 and 300 K and of the magnetization between 0.05 and 10 K for magnetic fields up to 60kOe have been used to investigate effects from the interaction between the conduction electrons and local magnetic moments in (Lasub(1-x)Cesub(x))B_6 alloys (0.0007<=x<=0.10). For Ce concentrations x<0.006 the data show Kondo-type single impurity behaviour at low temperatures with a transition from a magnetic to a non-magnetic regime of the Ce ions. In the magnetic regime the impurity susceptibility follows a Curie-Weiss law, and in the non-magnetic regime it varies with T"2. An external magnetic field gradually restores the free-ion behaviour of the Ce impurities. For more concentrated alloys interactions between the impurities are observed. The RKKY ...

1978-01-01

427

Anti-cancer drug loaded iron-gold core-shell nanoparticles (Fe@Au) for magnetic drug targeting.

The magnetic separation technology using sub-microsized ferromagnetic particle is indispensable in many areas of medical biosciences. For example, ferromagnetic particles (200-500 nm) are widely used for cell sorting in stem cell research with the use of cell surface-specific antigens. Nanosized ferromagnetic particles (10-20 nm) have been suggested as more suitable in drug delivery studies given their efficiency of tissue penetration, however, the magnetic separation method for them has not been established. One of the major reasons is that magnetic force acting on the object particles decreases drastically as a particle diameter becomes small. In this study, magnetic force acting on the targets was enhanced by the combination of superconducting magnet and the filter consisting of ferromagnetic particle. By doing so, we confirmed that Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} of 20 nm in diameter was ...

2009-10-15

428

"1"5"1Eu-Moessbauer study of complex magnetism in Eu_2PdSi_3: Effect of Eu"2"+ substitution by Y"3"+ and of high pressure

Magnetic drug targeting, using core-shell magnetic carrier particles loaded with anti-cancer drugs, is an emerging and significant method of cancer treatment. Gold shell-iron core nanoparticles (Fe@Au) were synthesized by the reverse micelle method with aqueous reactants, surfactant, co-surfactant and oil phase. XRD, XPS, TEM and magnetic property measurements were utilized to characterize these core-shell nanoparticles. Magnetic measurements showed that the particles were superparamagnetic at room temperature and that the saturation magnetization decreased with increasing gold concentration. The anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded onto these Fe@Au nanoparticle carriers and the drug release profiles showed that upto 25% of adsorbed drug was released in 80 h. It was found that the amine (-NH2) group of DOX binds to the gold shell. An in vitro apparatus simulating the human ...

2010-09-01

429

Record of experiments at Des Lignes sugar experiment station, Baldwin, La., during the season of 1888. By C. A. ...

With "1"5"1Eu-Moessbauer spectroscopy and other methods the complex magnetic properties of Eu_2PdSi_3, arising from the two crystallographically different lattice sites of the Eu"2"+ ions, have been already studied. Here we study the impact of magnetic dilution of the magnetic Eu"2"+ sites by non-magnetic Y"3"+ ions. A previous specific heat study has found reduced magnetic ordering temperatures with strong indication of disorder effects like in magnetic spin glasses. Here we provide from "1"5"1Eu-Moessbauer spectroscopy detailed information of the impact of Y"3"+ substitution on the magnetic properties of the two lattice sites, well distinguishable in the "1"5"1Eu-spectra. Since the substitution of the larger Eu"2"+ ions by the smaller Y"3"+ ions is connected with a lattice contraction, we also applied high pressure to the Eu_2PdSi_3 sample ...

2010-03-01

430

CERN's 'Big Bang' experiment given green light

Language: English ...

431

Big Bang experiment given green light

CERN's 'Big Bang' experiment given green light

2008-01-01

432

Resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetic susceptibility of UPd_2Si_2

Big Bang experiment given green light

2008-01-01

433

Resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetic susceptibility of UPd[sub 2]Si[sub 2

The electrical resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetic susceptibility of single-crystal UPd_2Si_2 have been studied between 4.2 and 300 K. A large anisotropy was observed in both the magnetic and transport properties. There is a quadratic temperature dependence of the resistivity for a range of temperatures between 4.2 and 80 K. At higher temperatures, the resistivity indicates a Kondo-type behavior. The behavior of these quantities is accounted for by the magnetic phase transitions at 108 and 136 K reported from neutron-scattering studies. At high temperatures, the magnetic susceptibility of UPd_2Si_2 is Curie-Wiess-like along the c axis. The temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient above 108 K is accounted for by a theoretical model invoking skew scattering of conduction electrons by localized magnetic moments.

434

Recycler model magnet test on temperature compensation for strontium ferrite

The electrical resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetic susceptibility of single-crystal UPd[sub 2]Si[sub 2] have been studied between 4.2 and 300 K. A large anisotropy was observed in both the magnetic and transport properties. There is a quadratic temperature dependence of the resistivity for a range of temperatures between 4.2 and 80 K. At higher temperatures, the resistivity indicates a Kondo-type behavior. The behavior of these quantities is accounted for by the magnetic phase transitions at 108 and 136 K reported from neutron-scattering studies. At high temperatures, the magnetic susceptibility of UPd[sub 2]Si[sub 2] is Curie-Wiess-like along the [ital c] axis. The temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient above 108 K is accounted for by a theoretical model invoking skew scattering of conduction electrons by localized magnetic moments.

1993-12-15

435

Large specific absorption rates in the magnetic hyperthermia properties of metallic iron nanocubes

The Recycler ring magnet will be made of Strontium ferrite permanent magnets. A strontium ferrite permanent magnet without compensation has a temperature coefficient of -0.2 % in dB/dT. To compensate this effect, we are utilizing 30 % Ni 70 % Fe alloy, a temperature compensation ferromagnetic material with a low Curie point. To search for optimum commercially available material and optimum condition, we made a couple of simple model magnets, and tested with several different compensating material. The test results are reported and its optimal conditions are shown. Several different configurations were tested including a possible 2 kG magnet configuration.

1995-10-01

436

Itinerant magnetism of Gd_xLa_1_-_xMSi (M=Fe, Co) compounds

We report on the magnetic hyperthermia properties of chemically synthesized ferromagnetic 11 and 16 nm Fe(0) nanoparticles of cubic shape displaying the saturation magnetization of bulk iron. The specific absorption rate measured on 16 nm nanocubes is 1690+-160 W/g at 300 kHz and 66 mT. This corresponds to specific losses-per-cycle of 5.6 mJ/g, largely exceeding the ones reported in other systems. A way to quantify the degree of optimization of any system with respect to hyperthermia applications is proposed. Applied here, this method shows that our nanoparticles are not fully optimized, probably due to the strong influence of magnetic interactions on their magnetic response. Once protected from oxidation and further optimized, such nano-objects could constitute efficient magnetic cores for biomedical applications requiring very large heating power.

2010-01-01

437

High Tc superconducting magnetic multivibrators for fluxgate magnetic-field sensors

The magnetic properties of polycrystalline and single crystalline rare earth transition metal silicides Gd_xLa_1_-_xMSi (M =Fe, Co) were investigated. Magnetic measurements have been made in static magnetic fields up to 13 kOe and in pulsed magnetic fields up to 250 kOe in the temperature range from 4.2 to 350 K. The magnetic susceptibility in the paramagnetic state of all the investigated compounds obeys the Curie-Weiss law except for LaFeSi and LaCoSi. Increase of the La content in Gd_xLa_1_-_xFeSi compounds leads to a decrease of the Curie and Neel temperatures, which can be explained by a decrease of positive exchange interactions. (orig.).

1995-09-01

438

Effect of magnet sorting using a simple resonance cancellation method on the RMS orbit distortion at the APS injector synchrotron

Sensitive and quick-response nonlinear inductance characteristics are found for high Tc superconducting (YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-chi/) disk cores at 77K in which soft magnetic BH hysteresis loops are observed. Various quick response magnetic devices such as modulators, amplifiers and sensors are built using these cores. The magnetizing frequency can be set to more than 20 MHz, which is difficult for conventional ferromagnetic bulk materials such as Permalloy amorphous alloys and ferrite. New quick-response fluxgate type magnetic-field sensors are made using ac and dc voltage sources. The former is used for second-harmonic type sensors, while the latter is for voltage-output multivibrator type sensors. Stable and quick-response sensor characteristics were obtained for two-core type multivibrators.

1989-09-01

439

Effect of On-Chip Magnetic Shielding for TES Microcalorimeters

The Advanced Photon Source injector synchrotron is a 7-GeV positron machine with a standard alternating gradient lattice. The calculated effect of dipole magnet strength errors on the orbit distortion, simulated by Monte Carlo, was reduced by sorting pairs of magnets having the closest simulated measured strengths to reduce the driving the term of the integer resonance nearest the operating point. This method resulted in a factor of four average reduction in the rms orbit distortion when all 68 magnets were sorted at once. The simulated effect of magnet measurement experimental resolution was found to limit the actual improvement. The {Beta}-beat factors were similarly reduced by sorting the quadrupole magnets according to their gradients.

1993-07-01

440

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We investigated the magnet field dependence of the X-ray pulse height and the critical current of a Ti/Au bilayer TES micro-calorimeter. The pulse height was strongly affected by the magnetic field intensity applied perpendicularly to the TES surface. We found that the critical current at zero temperature, I c0, decreased by a factor of two by applying a magnet field of ?10??T. Our data are consistent with a TES sensitivity proportional to (I/I c0)?2/3, as predicted by the Ginzburg-Landau theory. This fact implies that the shape of the R?T curve of the TES is partly determined by the critical current of the superconductor. In order to make our TES microcalorimeters less sensitive to the external magnetic field, we fabricated devices equipped with on-chip magnetic shielding. One device has ...

2008-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

441

Design, Performance and Series Production of Superconducting Trim Quadrupoles for the Large Hadron Collider

Critical Currents in A-15 Superconductors

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be equipped with several thousands of superconducting corrector magnets. Among the largest ones are the superconducting trim quadrupoles (MQTL). These twin-aperture magnets with a total mass of up to 1700 kg have a nominal gradient of 129 T/m at 1.9 K and a magnetic length of 1.3 m. Sixty MQTL are required for the LHC, 36 operating at 1.9 K in and 24 operating at 4.5 K. The paper describes the design features, and reports the measured quench performance and magnetic field quality of the production magnets. The MQTL magnet production is shared between CERN and industry. This sharing is simplified due to the modular construction, common to all twin-aperture correctors.

2006-01-01

442

Treatment of low-frequency pulsating magnetic field on amorphous alloy Fe_7_8Si_9B_1_3

The critical currents of A-15 phase Nb(,3)Sn, V(,3)Si, Nb(,3)Ge, V(,3)Ga, and Nb-Sn with a few at.% Ga and Al(,2)O(,3) have been measured at temperatures up to T(,c) and in magnetic fields up to 8T to study fundamental flux pinning interactions as a function of defect size and density. The samples are electron beam evaporated films typically 2 (mu)m thick. Their particular usefulness for this study is that they span the clean to dirty limits and their normal state resistivity and grain size can be controlled by deposition parameters. The grain boundaries are the defects most responsible for flux pinning. The electron scattering mechanism is based on the local change in the coherence length due to increased conduction electron scattering and is chosen from among several possible mechanisms to calculate the elementary pinning force at a grain boundary. A direct summation of the elementary pinning force of each boundary is compared with the experimental results. ...

1982-01-01

443

The possible detection of magnetic monopoles and monopole tachyons

Effect of low-frequency pulsating magnetic field on the microstructure and magnetic properties of amorphous alloy Fe_7_8Si_9B_1_3 were investigated. The temperature rise induced by the treatment was measured by a non-contact infrared thermometer. The crystallization behavior and microstructure of specimens were studied by Moessbauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Magnetic properties of the specimens were investigated by alternating gradient magnetometer (AGM). The results show that the low-frequency pulsating magnetic field can promote the single-phase crystallization of amorphous alloy Fe_7_8Si_9B_1_3. The frequency, f of applied field is from 10 to 40 Hz, magnetic field, H is from 0.02 to 0.04 T and treatment duration, t is from 180-300 s. The volume fraction of crystallization phase (#alpha#-Fe(Si), the grain size, 2-10 nm) is 3-7%. The temperature rise ...

2007-07-15

444

Temperature dependence of a twofold magnetic behaviour of a nanoscopic metal/silicon hybrid system - a comparison between Ni/Si and Co/Si

This paper discusses the possible detection of magnetic monopoles and monopole tachyons. Topics considered include insects, astrophysics, general relativity theory, plants, and biotechnology. The paper was presented at an international symposium on non-conventional energy technology.

445

TPC magnet cryogenic system

The investigated hybrid nanocomposite consists of a porous silicon template with electrochemically embedded Ni or Co nanostructures and offers magnetic characteristics which can be tailored by the electrochemical process parameters during fabrication. A twofold magnetic behaviour can be observed, a first one due to the spinmagnetism at magnetic fields below the saturation magnetization of the deposited metals and a second non-saturating term at higher fields (>1 T up to 7 T) above the saturation magnetization. In case of Ni deposited within the pores this non-saturating term shows a paramagnetic characteristic and follows exactly the Curie-Weiss law, whereas for Co/porous silicon samples the temperature dependent magnetization shows some deviations from the Curie Weiss law. In this high field region a difference in the temperature dependence between Ni ...

2009-10-15

446

Study of particles trapped by a magnetic field

The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) magnet at LBL and its compensation solenoids are adiabatically stable superconducting solenoid magnets. The cryogenic system developed for the TPC magnet is discussed. This system uses forced two-phase tubular cooling with the two cryogens in the system. The liquid helium and liquid nitrogen are delivered through the cooled load by forced tubular flow. The only reservoirs of liquid cryogen exist in the control dewar (for liquid helium) and the conditioner dewar (for liquid nitrogen). The operation o these systems during virtually all phases of system operation are described. Photographs and diagrams of various system components are shown, and cryogenic system data are presented in the following sections: (1) heat leaks into the TPC coil package and the compensation solenoids; (2) heat leaks to various components of the TPC magnet cryogenics system besides the ...

1980-03-01

447

Safety Implications of High-Field MRI: Actuation of Endogenous Magnetic Iron Oxides in the Human Body

A new type of radiation which occurs when particles are accelerated in the field of a longitudinal wave and in a transverse magnetic field is studied. The characteristics of such spontaneous radiation are obtained, and the influence of collective effects on the radiation is analyzed. The application of the findings to the theory of free electron lasers is discussed. 8 references.

1986-01-01

448

Room-temperature magnetic properties of oxy- and carbonmonoxyhemoglobin

BackgroundMagnetic Resonance Imaging scanners have become ubiquitous in hospitals and high-field systems (greater than 3 Tesla) are becoming increasingly common. In light of recent...Full Text Available

449

Residential magnetic fields and childhood leukemia: a meta-analysis.

The magnetic susceptibility and the density of human oxy-(HbO₂) and carbonmonoxyhemoglobin (HbCO) solutions of various concentrations have been measured at room temperature, with pure water...Full Text Available

1978-10-01

450

Print sec333photoindex (256 pages)

OBJECTIVES: This article uses meta-analysis methodology to examine the statistical consistency and importance of random variation among results of epidemiologic studies of residential magnetic field...Full Text Available

1998-12-01

451

Near Infrared-Fluorescent and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Molecular Probe with High T1 Relaxivity for In Vivo Multimodal Imaging

Electro-Magnet. Antenna Panels Types Simulated Hail Stone Damage A.Panel ...... X-Band Klystron Electro Magnet. 11. I I. 333-6104 AcBc. 333-6105 Color ...

452

Nature of magnetic coupling between Mn ions in as-grown Ga1-xMnxAs studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

A new gadolinium chelating NIR fluorescent molecular probe increases T₁ relaxivity of water protons, facilitating combined optical and magnetic resonance imaging.

2010-06-07

453

Measurement of the quadriceps femoris muscle using magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging.

The magnetic properties of as-grown Ga1-xMnxAs have been investigated by the systematic temperature and magnetic field dependent soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements in the Mn L2,3 absorption edge region. The XMCD intensity at high temperatures obeys the Curie-Weiss law, but residual spin magnetic moment appears already around 100 K, significantly above Curie temperature (Tc), suggesting that short-range ferromagnetic correlations are developed significantly above Tc. The high-field magnetic susceptibility becomes T-independent below TC, indicating that the AF interaction between the substitutional Mn (Mnsub and interstitial Mn (Mnint) ions, which becomes strong as the Mn concentration x increases, exists and that the amount of the Mnint affects Tc. The present experimental findings should give valuable insight into the inhomogeneous ...

2009-07-01

454

Magnetic and structural investigation of magnetic thin films with obliquely deposited underlayers

OBJECTIVES: To define a method for measurement of the cross sectional area and volume of the quadriceps femoris muscle using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in conjunction with stereology, and to compare...Full Text Available

1997-03-01

455

Magnetic and chemical changes in marine sediments

An in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy has been observed in thin Co films normally deposited onto obliquely sputtered Ta and Pt underlayers. Associated with this anisotropy is an augmented easy axis coercivity. The in-plane easy axis is, in most cases, perpendicular to the incident deposition plane. Microstructural results indicate that grains are well connected along the magnetic easy axis but are separated by long continuous voids along the hard axis, which is ascribed to a geometric shadowing effect due to the oblique incidence deposition of the underlayer. Hence, the magnetic anisotropy mimics the film growth anisotropy. It is therefore believed that the observed magnetic properties are due to magnetostatic shape anisotropy effects. In-plane coercivity and anisotropy field are shown to increase with underlayer deposition angle, underlayer thickness and magnetic layer ...

2002-01-01

456

Longitudinally and circumferentially directed movements of the left ventricle studied by cardiovascular magnetic resonance phase contrast velocity mapping

A considerable amount of chemical knowledge of marine sediments has been acquired in recent years but has not yet been utilized by paleomagnetists. On the other hand, geochemists are often unaware of the usefulness of numerous magnetic techniques. In this review we try to bridge this gap, and in particular, we outline many of the chemical and magnetic principles that should allow paleomagnetists to better identify and undertand chemical changes that affect the magnetic properties of marine sediments. The chemical principles include those for distinguishing the four major sources of sediments (continental, biological, authigenic/hydrogenous, volcanic/hydrothermal) from one another by determining elemental abundance distributions, as well as for investigating the stabilities of mineral phases relative to changes in pE and pH. The magnetic principles include the effects of authigenesis and diagenesis on ...

1980-05-01

457

Functional pools of oxidative and glycolytic fibers in human muscle observed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy during exercise.

ObjectiveUsing high resolution cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), we aimed to detect new details of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, to explain the twisting...Full Text Available

458

Epidemiological appraisal of studies of residential exposure to power frequency magnetic fields and adult cancers.

Quantitative probing of heterogeneous regions in muscle is feasible with phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy because of the differentiation of metabolic patterns of glycolytic and oxidative...Full Text Available

1987-12-01

459

Epidemiologic studies of electric and magnetic fields and cancer: strategies for extending knowledge.

OBJECTIVES: To appraise epidemiological evidence of the purported association between residential exposure to power frequency magnetic fields and adult cancers. METHODS: Literature review and epidemiological...Full Text Available

1996-08-01

460

Energetic constraints on the creation of cell membrane pores by magnetic particles.

Epidemiologic research concerning electric and magnetic fields in relation to cancer has focused on the potential etiologic roles of residential exposure on childhood cancer and occupational exposure...Full Text Available

1993-12-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

461

Electric and magnetic field exposures for people living near a 735-kilovolt power line.

Naturally occurring and contaminant ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic particles have been found within or near cells, and might allow pulsed magnetic fields to create transient cell membrane opening ("pores")....Full Text Available

1996-08-01

462

Early detection of bone metastases of Ewing's sarcoma by magnetic resonance imaging

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a 735-kV transmission line on the electric and magnetic field exposures of people living at the edge of the line's right of way. Exposure of 18...Full Text Available

1995-09-01

463

Design of modular coils for a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator with a flexible control of the magnetic field configuration

Bone metastases of an Ewing's sarcoma were detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), when bone scan, CT and plain films were still normal. This is due to the ability of MRI to detect intramedullary metastases before involvement of the cortex. (Auth.).

464

Assessment of structural changes of human teeth by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

A design of the modular coil system for CHS-qa has been made for the plasma configuration '2b32' with the aspect ratio 3.2. The magnetic field strength and the major radius are 1.5 T and 1.5 m, respectively. The normal component of magnetic field produced by the modular coils is minimized on the plasma boundary to obtain the optimum coil design. We put engineering constraint on the distance between adjacent modular coils and the radius of coil curvature. The dependence of the residual normal component of the field on these conditions is examined, and the realistic values for them are selected. Additional coils to control various properties of the magnetic field configuration (the rotational transform, the magnetic well depth, etc.) have been designed and a flexibility of the magnetic field configuration is realized. For the case that the rotational transform ...

2002-08-01

465

A case cohort study of suicide in relation to exposure to electric and magnetic fields among electrical utility workers.

A technique of low-field pulsed proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin relaxation is described for assessment of age-related structural changes (dentin and pulp) of human teeth in...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

466

A Helicopter-Borne Magnetic Survey over Dixie Valley Geothermal...

OBJECTIVES--This case cohort study examines whether there is an association between exposure to electric and magnetic fields and suicide in a population of 21,744 male electrical utility workers from...Full Text Available

1996-01-01

467

Variable-dispersion electron spectrometer for the SCA/FEL

Name U.S. Geological Survey A Helicopter-Borne Magnetic Survey over Dixie Valley Geothermal Field, Nevada: A Web Site for Distribution of Data by U. S. Geological Survey &...

2011-08-20

468

Untitled - NASA Technical Reports Server

A variable-dispersion electron spectrometer is being installed for use by the Stanford Superconducting Accelerator in conjunction with its Free Electron Laser program. The system has been designed to operate with electron beam energies from 20 MeV to 200 MeV, with a maximum energy resolution of 0.01% FWHM. The maximum energy acceptance is approximately #+-# 5%, as determined by the bending magnet aperture. Resolution is controlled by adjusting the focal conditions at the entrance to a 90 degree bending magnet, while the dispersion is controlled by changing the magnitude and polarity of the field in a quadrupole magnet which immediately follows the bending magnet. 4 refs., 5 figs.

1989-06-01

469

The Effect of the Temperature to Which the Material is Heated ...

the techniques employed at present, some of which, like magnetic forming and hotdrape forming, are in experimental stages. Published October 1965. ...

470

Study on the Surface Magnetic Domain Structure of Thin-Gauged 3% Si-Fe Strips using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Polarization Analysis

... The Effect of the Temperature to Which the Material is Heated on the Process of Formation of Intermetallic Compounds in Magnetic Pulse Welding,. ...

1980-09-01

471

SELECTED LISTING OF ECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION PUBLICATIONS

Full Text Available

1998-06-01

472

Real-time Interactive Control of Magnetic Resonance Imaging System Using High-speed Digital Signal Processors

as magnetic forming and hot-drape forming. Details about the 25 techniques discussed incorporate the most recent improvements and ...

473

Read/write characteristics of focused-ion-beam-etched heads for perpendicular magnetic recording media

Full Text Available

2003-09-01

474

Plasma flow measurement using directional Langmuir probe under weakly ion-magnetized conditions

The read/write characteristics for perpendicular magnetic recording media of focused-ion-beam (FIB)-etched recording heads were investigated. It was found that the trailing edge of an FIB-etched head produces a higher gradient in the magnetic field perpendicular to the medium than a head which has not been etched. The signal-to-noise ratio of the medium increased with the FIB-etched write gap. A high-Bs and thin pole increased the magnetic field's gradient in the perpendicular direction, resulting in excellent read/write characteristics.

2001-10-01

475

Nuclear moments of the 11/2"- isomer in "1"8"7Ir

It is both experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that ion flow velocity at an arbitrary angle with respect to the magnetic field can be measured with a directional Langmuir probe. Based on the symmetry argument, we show that the effect of magnetic field on directional probe current is exactly canceled in determining the ion flow velocity, and obtain the generalized relation between flow velocity and directional probe currents valid for any flowing direction. The absolute value of the flow velocity is determined by an in situ calibration method of the probe. The applicability limit of the present method to a strongly ion-magnetized plasma is experimentally examined. (author)

2000-07-01

476

Nuclear moments and changes in rms-radii of neutron-deficient silver isotopes

... excited states iridium 187 isomeric nuclei magnetic fields nuclear electric

477

Nature of the magnetic susceptibility of dysprosium. Paramagnetic susceptibility of dysprosium - yttrium alloys

... nuclear electric moments nuclear magnetic moments nuclear radii quadrupole

1987-03-23

478

Methods and instruments for nondestructive testing of the anisotropy of the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic sheet materials (review)

The paramagnetic susceptibility of single crystals of dysprosium-yttirum alloys is measured in the basal plane and along the hexagonal axis. It is shown that the susceptibility of the alloys obeys the Curie-Weiss law, the effective magnetic moments allong the different directions being the same and the paramagnetic Curie temperatures being different. The difference between the paramagnetic Curie temperatures in the basal plane and along the hexagonal axis is independent of the dysprosium concentration in the alloy. As a comparison with the theoretical models of magnetic anisotropy shows, this is an indication that the magnetic anisotropy of dysprosium - yttrium alloys is of a single-ion nature.

1976-01-01

479

Magnetization characteristics of melt-textured Y-Ba-Cu-O with BaCe$O_{3}$ addition

This review of methods and designs of transducers for nondestructive determination of the magnitude and nature of the anisotropy of magnetic properties (permeability, induction, coercive force, energy loss due to magnetization reversal) in local portions of ferromagnetic sheet and, in some cases, in individual parts of products. The need to measure the anisotropy is considered for two angles: for the case when the anisotropy is due to the crystallographic texture and determines the main operating characteristics of widely used sheet such as electrical steel and automobile body sheet, and for crystallographically isotropic materials, in which the anisotropy of magnetic properties as a result of mechanical stresses is a measure for determining the internal stresses.

1995-04-01

480

Magnetic structure of Ce(Ru_0_._9_6Pd_0_._0_4)_2Si_2

Full Text Available

1995-06-01

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481

Magnetic rotation in {sup 202}Pb and {sup 203}Pb; Magnetische Rotation in {sup 202}Pb und {sup 203}Pb

The magnetic structure of a tetragonal Ce(Ru_0_._9_6Pd_0_._0_4)_2Si_2 single crystal, determined by neutron diffraction measurements, is similar to that observed in Rh doped alloys. The magnetic moments are oriented and modulated along the c-axis. Here the wave vector is incommensurate: k=(0,0,0.38). At 1.5 K, the moment is estimated to about 0.3 #mu#_B. Magnetization, magnetoresistance and Hall effect measurements performed on this alloy are also reported. (orig.).

482

Magnetic properties of oxovanadium(IV) complexes with bidentate on donor Schiff bases

No abstract prepared

1999-05-01

483

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh{sub 2-x}Pd{sub x}Si{sub 2} and TbRu{sub 2-x}Pd{sub x}Si{sub 2} systems

(Feb 1977). Japan Syamal, A. Bombay Univ. (India). Univ. Dept. of Chemical

1977-01-01

484

Magnetic Properties of a Material Used to Estimate Elastic and Plastic Strains of Ferrite?Pearlite Steels

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization of TbRh{sub 2-x}Pd{sub x}Si{sub 2} and TbRu{sub 2-x}Pd{sub x}Si{sub 2} compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T, x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Neel temperature and changes the magnetization curves. (orig.)

1995-12-01

485

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of elastic and plastic strains on the magnetic properties of ferrite-pearlite steels has been studied. It has been shown that the sensitivity to elastic-tensile and bending strains is four to five times greater for remnant magnetization than for coercive force. In order to determine the degree of cold plastic deformation of high-carbon steels, a two-parametric testing technique based on the use of remnant magnetization and coercive force was suggested. An MMT-2 device was recommended for measurement of the required parameters.

2005-01-01

486

Low-frequency fields - sources and exposure

Large intracranial vessel occlusive vasculopathy after radiation therapy in children: clinical features and usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging.

The author briefly discusses definition of terms, gives an introduction to measurement techniques and describes the characteristics of various low-frequency fields and their causes using typical examples: natural electric fields (thunderstroms), natural magnetic fields, technical electric constant fields (urban transportation, households), static magnetic fields (urban transportation, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging), technical electric alternating fields (high-voltage transmission lines, households), and magnetic alternating fields (high-voltage transmission lines). The author discusses both occupational exposure and that of the general public while underpinning his statements by numerous tables, measurement diagrams and charts. (Uhe).

1993-06-01

487

Large intracranial vessel occlusive vasculo-pathy after radiation therapy in children: clinical features and usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging

PMID:9226309

1997-05-01

488

Interfacial ultrafine-grained structures on aluminum alloy 6061 joint and copper alloy 110 joint fabricated by magnetic pulse welding

No abstract prepared

1998-03-01

489

Injection and extraction magnets: septa

Not Available

2010-09-01

490

Early homogeneously enhancing hemangioma versus hepatocellular carcinoma: differentiation using quantitative analysis of multiphasic dynamic magnetic resonance imaging.

An accelerator has limited dynamic range: a chain of accelerators is required to reach high energy. A combination of septa and kicker magnets is frequently used to inject and extract beam from each stage. The kicker magnets typically produce rectangular field pulses with fast rise- and/or fall-times, however the field strength is relatively low. To compensate for their relatively low field strength, the kicker magnets are generally combined with electromagnetic septa. The septa provide relatively strong field strength but are either DC or slow pulsed. This paper discusses injection and extraction systems with particular emphasis on the hardware required for the septa.

2010-01-01

491

Domain wall pining in a jointed ferromagnetic nano-wire

Full Text Available

1999-06-01

492

Differential Diagnosis of Brain Diseases Using In Vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 3 Tesla: A Preliminary Study

The magnetoresistance in an FeNi submicron-structure comprising two wires of 80 and 200 nm in width connected in series was measured at 77 K. When the external magnetic field was applied parallel to the wire axis, two switching fields corresponding to the distinct coercive force of the two wires were observed. When the external magnetic field was applied at an angle of {theta}>30 deg. to the wire axis one switching field was observed, indicating simultaneous magnetization reversal in both wires. This indicates that the domain-wall trapping around the joint can be controlled systematically in terms of the direction of the external magnetic field.

2004-05-01

493

Cyanide-bridged Trinuclear and Ethylenediamine-bridged One-dimensional Cobalt(III)-Manganese(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties

Full Text Available

2009-12-01

494

Conceptual design of a compact medical synchrotron with a hybrid magnet

Full Text Available

495

CAPACITOR DISCHARGE METAL FORMING

English 2001 p. 178 China Iwashita, Y. Kumada, M. National Institute

2001-09-17

496

A preliminary design for a one GHz NMR spectrometer magnet

... Report Date : JUL 1961. Pagination or Media Count : 39. Abstract : Open-ende Terms: Electrohydraulic forming, Magnetic forming. ...

1961-07-01

497

A Profile of Defense Manufacturing Costs and Enabling ...

The authors have performed a preliminary design for a persistent GHz NMR magnet at 23.5 T and 1.8 K operating conditions. In this paper the authors shall address the issues of realistic conductor selection, the coil design, the magnetic and mechanical analysis of the coil, and the required field uniformity. In addition, they shall describe the GHz magnet cryostat with a practical 1.8 K J-T refrigerator system. Finally vibration isolation system and field shield design and its associated field harmonics will be analyzed.

1993-09-20

498

A GENERAL STUDY OF PROCESSES FOR THE ...

... Casting Explosive forming Forging Electrohydraulic forming Extruding Magnetic forming Rolling Electroforming Drawing Powdered metal forming ...

1992-01-01

499