Science.gov (United States)

... I3a. -YPE OF REPORT T7b 7,ME COVEE 14 DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month. ... the addition of various materials to the standard flare in order to ...

Science.gov (United States)

MAGNETIC FORMING .............. MAGNETIC INDUCTION ............ MAGNETIC MATERIALS ............ MAGNETIC MEASUREMENT .......... MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY . ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This feature articles described a concept and technical problems of geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in the civil engineering. It consists of six papers such as the present statues and subjects of geological disposal by KITAYAMA Kazumi, the diastrophism, igneous activity, and upheaval and erosion by YAMAZAKI Haruo, the groundwater flow and evaluation of nuclear transfer by IJIRI Yuji, evaluation of alteration of cement materials in the ultra-long period by HAGA Kazuko, The Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory in course of construction by SAKAMAKI Masanori, and interview of the ninetieth president of JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineers), he places his hope on JSCE and civil engineers by KISHI Kiyoshi. (S.Y.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... range magnetic fields magnetic susceptibility magnetization neutron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Argyle pipe occurring in the East Kimberley Province of Western Australia is a unique, highly-diamondiferous lamproite. Although it resembles other lamproites located in the West Kimberley Province with respect to its setting, structure, petrography and geochemistry, it is probably Proterozoic in age and hence substantially older than Tertiary occurrences of the West Kimberley Province. Rb-Sr measurements on whole rock and phlogopite samples from magmatic olivine-phlogopite lamproite, reveals a two point model age of 1126 +- 9 Ma for the Argyle pipe. This age is consistent with ages of other, similar volcanic igneous rocks occurring in several localities worldwide. The widespread occurrence of Proterozoic kimberlites and lamproites suggests that this was an important period of worldwide alkalic intrusive activity.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... parameters magnetic fields magnetic properties magnetization monocrystals

Science.gov (United States)

... Title : Refining the Magnetic Forming Capability. ... Abstract : The purpose of this project was to refine the in-house magnetic forming capability. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Examples include magnetic forming tools, magnetic shielding, magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems, and various magnetic containment ...

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CERN Document Server

Specification of the steel sheet for the 300 GeV magnet system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... fields magnetic moments neel temperature neutron diffraction order-disorder

Science.gov (United States)

Magnetic forming coil design and development

CERN Document Server

Large scale magnetic field measurements and mapping

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This paper addresses the stability aspects of several successful dc superconducting magnets such as large bubble chamber magnets, and magnets for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility and MHD Research Facility. Specifically, it will cover Argonne National Laboratory 12-Foot Bubble Chamber magnets, the 15-foot Bubble Chamber magnets at Fermi National Laboratory, the MFTF-B Magnet System at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the U-25B Bypass MHD Magnet, and the CFFF Superconducting MHD magnet built by Argonne National Laboratory. All of these magnets are cooled in pool-boiling mode. Magnet design is briefly reviewed. Discussed in detail are the adopted stability critera, analyses of stability and disturbance, stability simulation, and the final results of magnet ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We investigate the magnetic braking of the core of an axisymmetric cloud whose rotation axis is parallel to the mean direction of the magnetic field. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The work of this association is cut according to 6 axes. Three publications: radiological quality of marine and continental waters of the Normandy coast (synthesis 1997 and 1998); preliminary study of the iodine 129 distribution in the environment of the reprocessing plant of La Hague with terrestrial moss (Homalotecium sericeum); radiological surveillance of the aquatic environment of the nuclear facilities on the area of La Hague (1997 and 1998). The second axis concerns the radiation protection with a campaign of radon measures in a school of the Vire rural district (june 1999). The third part is devoted to the radioecology with the surveillance of radioactivity in the aquatic continental environment of nuclear facilities and the radioecological surveillance (1999) of the building site of Cogema la Hague in the area of tidal range of the Moulinets cove. The fourth part concerns the radioactive waste and environment, with the study of the distribution of the ...

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Rare Earth Cobalt (REC) permanent magnets have unique properties that permit solutions to some optical tasks that cannot be accomplished with conventional magnets. A review of design and of performance characteristics of these magnets includes an analytical description of the three dimensional fringe fields of REC quadrupoles.

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Magnetic Forming Studies. The use of transient high magnetic-field devices has made possible the generation of very large accurately ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... susceptibility magnetization magnetoresistance monocrystals order-disorder

Science.gov (United States)

... magnetic containment field lines which is zero on the center line of the toroidal containment tube and increases in magnitude with ...

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In order to examine the state of technology of all areas of magnetic suspension and to review related recent developments in sensors and controls approaches, superconducting magnet technology, and design/implementation practices, a symposium was held. The proceedings are presented. The sessions covered the areas of bearings, sensors and controls, microgravity and vibration isolation, superconductivity, manufacturing applications, wind tunnel magnetic suspension systems, magnetically levitated trains (MAGLEV), space applications, and large gap magnetic suspension systems.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seismic transects in this area show a strongly reflective Moho of generally low relief, which, in the area of modern transects, consists of a thin zone (< 2 km thick) of short reflectors. The upper mantle is transparent and has a P{sub n} of 7.8-8.0 km/s similar to much of the western US. A lower crustal zone, 2-13 km thick, has variable internal reflectivity and a relatively low velocity of 6.6-6.8 km/s. Upper mantle peridotite xenoliths show both ductile and brittle deformational features and have structures and composition affected by magmatic intrusion; intrusions form complex dike systems and extensive zones of grain boundary infiltration in peridotite xenoliths. Whereas melt infiltration preceded and followed ductile deformation, brittle deformation, represented by closely spaced joint systems and faults, followed ductile deformation and is related to the youngest magmatic episodes. Lower crustal xenoliths are dominantly igneous-textured pyroxenites and ...

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The purpose of this Analysis and Model Report (AMR) supporting the Site Recommendation/License Application (SR/LA) for the Yucca Mountain Project is the development of elementary analyses of the interactions of a hypothetical dike with a repository drift (i.e., tunnel) and with the drift contents at the potential Yucca Mountain repository. This effort is intended to support the analysis of disruptive events for Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA). This AMR supports the Process Model Report (PMR) on disruptive events (CRWMS M&O 2000a). This purpose is documented in the development plan (DP) ''Coordinate Modeling of Dike Propagation Near Drifts Consequences for TSPA-SR/LA'' (CRWMS M&O 2000b). Evaluation of that Development Plan and the work to be conducted to prepare Interim Change Notice (ICN) 1 of this report, which now includes the design option of ''Open'' drifts, indicated that no revision ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Several recent experiments on micro- (or nano-) structured samples of ferromagnetic materials are introduced. Magnetization reversal phenomena are investigated on submicron wire samples of trilayer structure using the giant magnetoresistance effect. Domain wall movements are sensitively monitored by resistivity measurements and the velocity of propagation is determined. The contribution of domain wall to the resistivity is argued from the results on artificially designed samples of a spring-magnet system. In circular dots of permalloy, the existence of vortex magnetization is confirmed and the reversal of the vortex core magnetization is studied from magnetic force microscopy measurements. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A.C.R.O. (Association pour le Controle de la Radioactivite dans l'Ouest) is a French non governmental organisation that operates a laboratory for radioactivity analysis. It was created in 1986 as a response to people demands for information and reliable, independent testing. The organisation mainly carries out missions of information and training for its correspondents and more generally for a wide audience, particularly for people who worry about problems of environment, health, management of radioactive waste and emissions. Thanks to its structure, it enables citizens to involve themselves together with scientists so as to gain access to information that was hither to reserved to specialists. The organisation can vouchsafe its independence from the diversity of its members and volunteers, as well as from the diversity of its money resources. Besides its headquarters situated on the city of Caen area (Normandy), three branches situated in North Normandy, in Touraine and North ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Potassium clusters arrayed in zeolite A are known to show ferromagnetic properties at low temperature. The origin of the spontaneous magnetization has been explained by a model of spin-canting in an antiferromagnetically ordered state. The direct information for the magnetic structure, however, has not been obtained so far. In the present work, we measure the neutron powder diffraction by using pulsed neutron source at KEK-KENS below and above the Curie temperature. No significant temperature-dependence was, however, obtained within the statistical errors, namely, magnetic scattering could not be detected separately. We also estimate the intensity of magnetic scattering by assuming some possible magnetic structures with considering the magnetic form factor of the cluster wave function. The intensity of magnetic scattering is estimated to be ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scanning ion microscopy with polarization analysis (SIMPA) is used to study the spin-resolved surface magnetic structure of nano-sized magnetic systems. SIMPA is utilized for in situ topographic and spin-resolved magnetic domain imaging as well as for focused ion beam (FIB) etching of desired structures in magnetic or non-magnetic systems. Ultra-thin Co films are deposited on surfaces of Si(1 0 0) substrates, and ultra-thin, tri-layered, bct Fe(1 0 0)/Mn/bct Fe(1 0 0) wedged magnetic structures are deposited on fcc Pd(1 0 0) substrates. SIMPA experiments clearly show that ion-induced electrons emitted from magnetic surfaces exhibit non-zero electron spin polarization (ESP), whereas electrons emitted from non-magnetic surfaces such as Si and Pd exhibit zero ESP, which can be used to calibrate sputtering rates in situ. We ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A model is available in predicting flocculation frequencies between particles of various properties under the influence of a magnetic field. This model provides a basic understanding of fundamental phenomena, such as particle-particle and particle-collector interactions, occurring in HGMF (high gradient magnetic field), and will be extended to describe experimental data of particle flocculation and filtration and predict the performance of high- gradient magnetic filters. It is also expected that this model will eventually lead to a tool for design and optimization of magnetic filters for environmental, metallurgical, biochemical, and other applications.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A tutorial account is given of the main characteristics and distinctive features of conceptual magnetic fusion systems employing the magnetic mirror principle. These features are related to the potential advantages that mirror-based fusion systems may exhibit for the generation of economic fusion power.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An introduction to time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy is presented in the context of the study of magnetic materials. Examples are taken from the class of rare earth and actinide magnetic materials known as `strongly correlated electron` systems. (author) 11 figs., 24 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The disclosure is directed to an active magnetic regenerator apparatus and method. Brayton, Stirling, Ericsson, and Carnot cycles and the like may be utilized in an active magnetic regenerator to provide efficient refrigeration over relatively large temperature ranges.

Science.gov (United States)

Principle advantages of magnetic forming for part manufacture appear to lie ... to be an area of great potential for the magnetic forming process. We have a ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Several refrigerators for liquid helium and liquid nitrogen systems have been integrated successfully into IGC manufactured whole body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) magnet systems. The refrigerators have been tested in systems with magnetic fields of 0.6T to 1.5T. Tests were performed to study the effectiveness of the refrigerators, the magnetic field effects on the refrigerators, the effect of the refrigerators on the field uniformity and magnetic resonance image quality. The interface between the refrigerator and the whole body MRI magnet system cryostat was specifically designed to allow retrofit to the existing IGC magnet systems, while ensuring good heat transfer characteristics and good vibration isolation from the cryostat. The interface between the refrigerator and the cryostat and the refrigerator test results are presented.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The ternary rare earth compound NdRh_4B_4 has been studied by means of critical field, low temperature heat capacity, and static magnetic susceptibility measurements. Features in the upper critical field and heat capacity data at 1.31 K and 0.89 K suggest the occurrence of long-range magnetic order in the superconducting state. The temperature dependence of the static magnetic susceptibility follows a Curie-Weiss law with an effective magnetic moment #mu#sub(eff) = 3.58 +- 0.05 #mu#sub(B) and a Curie-Weiss temperature thetasub(p) = -6.2 +- 1.0 K between 20 K and room temperature. However, magnetization vs. applied magnetic field isotherms suggest the development of a ferromagnetic component in the Nd"3"+ magnetization at low temperatures. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Highly ordered arrays of Ni nanoholes and Fe{sub 20}Ni{sub 80} antidots have been prepared, respectively, by replica/antireplica processing and sputtering techniques using nanoporous alumina membranes as templates. Geometrical characteristics as nanohole/antidot diameter, interpore distance and the overall hexagonal symmetry of arrays are controlled through the original templates. Experimental data on their hysteresis and magnetic domain structure have been taken by vibrating sample magnetometry and magnetic force microscopy, respectively. An analysis of the magnetization process, resulting magnetic anisotropy and magnetic domain structure is summarized considering the influence of those geometry aspects. In particular, the hexagonal symmetry and the density of nanohole/antidots determine the overall magnetic behavior, which is of interest in future high-density ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is shown that plasma viscosity does not influence the magnetic island rotation directly. Nevertheless, it leads to nonstationarity of the plasma velocity. This nonstationarity is the reason of the viscosity effect on island rotation. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

Effective localization of small magnets against a noisy, real world background can involve various methods to first identify the magnetic fields produced by the magnet of interest, then to filter out background noise, and then to analyze the available magnetic field data to localize the magnet. Here we discuss low cost techniques which allow localization of small magnets with field strengths in the milliGauss range against real world background fields in the range of hundreds of mG, which may be fluctuating by up to tens of mG. Such techniques allow magnet tracking to be used to localize catheters in place of more invasive and expensive methods, e.g. fluoroscopy, for a variety of applications, including drug infusion with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), laser ablation (TMR, PTMR) and introduction of pacemaker leads.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The dynamic response of cylindrical and ring-shaped YBaCuO bulk parts to pulsed magnetic fields is calculated by using small sets of finite elements. Some comparisons with experimental results are provided, and they give confidence in the modelling of the superconducting properties. Transient magnetizations as a function of time and space as well as shapes and absolute values of trapped magnetic flux profiles are presented. The influence of the sample geometry is investigated for different millisecond pulsed magnetization processes. Results are reported for different radial thicknesses and heights, different pulse durations, peak magnetic fields and pulse sequences with and without stepwise cooling. Comparisons concerning the achievable trapped magnetic field and flux are made, and implications for the use of high-temperature superconductor bulk parts as ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A nanosuspension of magnetically tagged metronidazole was developed by the solvent displacement method coupled with ultrasonication and was evaluated for its physicochemical properties. The drug release from metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension at pH 1.2 and 7.0 shows maximum correlation coefficient for zero order and Higuchi model, respectively. The anthelmintic activity of the formulated metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension was evaluated on Indian earthworms (Pheretima poi). Metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension at a dose of 10 and 50 mg/ml shortened by 31% and 34%, respectively, the mean time to death of the earthworms when compared against a non-magnetic metronidazole suspension. Thus, the developed metronidazole magnetic nanosuspension showed potent, controlled and targeted drug action and might be a good therapeutic avenue in combating infectious GI ...

Science.gov (United States)

... design, and manufacturing knowledge have been acquired and used to develop an 'in-house' capability for the fabrication of magnetic forming coils ...

Science.gov (United States)

has been generally related to magnetic forming. One of the methods suggested was the following: A "pancake" magnetic coil is placed over a thin aluminum ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For the purpose of solving the limitations such as shape and dimension for magnetic compact fabricated by conventional anisotropic forming under magnetic orienting field, the feasibility of a new magnetic forming process was studied. Ferrite powder mixed with UV resin was compacted in the die mold and followed by alignment under the magnetic field. Effects of viscosity of UV resin and forming condition on magnetic characteristics of the compact was investigated. Maximum degree of alignment for the ferrite powder reached to 0.826. It was predicted that the proposed method had make it possible to fabricate a high performance magnet having the anisotropic alignment of the magnetic powder. The UV resin is desirable to have low viscosity, good properties such as formability and configuration stability for the compact and also parting- ability ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The magnetic properties of a single crystal of SmNiSn with the orthorhombic {epsilon}-TiNiSi-type crystal structure have been investigated by magnetic susceptibility, magnetization and electrical resistivity measurements from 1.5 K to room temperature. Two anomalies have been found in the magnetic susceptibility, indicating an antiferromagnetic phase transition at T{sub N}=9.4 K and a second transition at 4.4 K. A large magnetic anisotropy has been found at low temperatures in the temperature and field dependencies of magnetic susceptibility and magnetization. Below 80 K, the easy axis of the magnetization is the c-axis. At T=2.0 K, the c-axis magnetization curve exhibits metamagnetic-like behavior at H{sub c}=42 kOe and reaches 0.54 emu/g at H=55 kOe, whereas for the a- and b-axis the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

180 deg magnet chamber is used in Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator for passage and 180 deg bending of ion beam. The chamber is placed between 180 deg terminal magnet (Electro-magnet), which is used for bending, and analysing the beams. Magnet with a particular magnetic field strength bends ions of only specified mass energy product through a precise path. There is also a space limitation in the direction of magnetic field. Both of them require the magnet chamber to be of a close tolerance. Accuracy of center distance between inlet and outlet port of the magnet chamber has to be at par with the concentricity of high energy and low energy beam line. To achieve this we started the fabrication of magnet chamber by following two methods: a) Circular rolling and bending of rectangular tube for 180 deg sector ...

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:10860471

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Three different magnetic regimes; aerial, surface and buried; each with three different forces, have been used to investigate their effects on the water contents and photosynthetic pigments of sweet basil plants (Ocimum basilicum L.). Two groups of sweet basil seeds, Ocimum basilicum L. have been cultivated, one under normal conditions and the second has been subdivided into three portion (aerial, surface and buried) to examine the effect of different magnetic forces coming from the three directions on the resulted plants. At all directions of magnets, water contents have been significantly affected by the magnetic forces. Chlorophyll A and carotene contents have been affected, as well, according to the three magnetic forces coming from soil surface regime only. Chlorophyll B did not significantly affected by differences magnetic forces in the three regimes, but ...

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UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The effects of a moderate-intensity static magnetic field (SMF) on osteoporosis of the lumbar vertebrae were studied in ovariectomized rats. A small disc magnet (maximum magnetic flux density 180 mT)...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method, thickness dependent magnetic anisotropy of ultrathin FeCo alloy films in the range of 1 monolayer (ML) to 5 ML coverage on Pd(0 0 1) surface has been explored. We have found that the FeCo alloy films have close to half metallic state and well-known surface enhancement in thin film magnetism is observed in Fe atom, whereas the Co has rather stable magnetic moment. However, the largest magnetic moment in Fe and Co is found at 1 ML thickness. Interestingly, it has been observed that the interface magnetic moments of Fe and Co are almost the same as those of surface elements. The similar trend exists in orbital magnetic moment. This indicates that the strong hybridization between interface FeCo alloy and Pd gives rise to the large magnetic moment. Theoretically calculated ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the present paper the progress of optimization of soft magnetic properties have been studied by applying different experimental techniques (magnetic measurements, electric measurements, X-ray analysis, and high-resolution electron microscopy observation). It has been shown that an increase in magnetic permeability after optimization annealing can be mainly attributed to annealing out of microvoids. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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Science.gov (United States)

Elastodynamic approach to measuring stress-strain relationship of uniaxially stressed wire, and

Science.gov (United States)

Neutron scattering techniques have been used to measure the static structure and magnetic excitations in amorphous magnets. Sum rules and computer models are used to discuss the relationship between the static disorder and the shape of the excitation spectrum. Polarized beam measurements of chi''(Q,E) are compared to analytical theories and computer calculations for the magnetic excitations in amorphous ferromagnets.

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... crystals and polycrystals. Nevertheless, explosive forming, magnetic forming, etc., are all high-strain-rate processes that ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The compound GdPd{sub 2}Si, which is reported to order antiferromagnetically at 13 K, has been investigated by heat capacity and electrical resistivity measurement in the presence of external magnetic fields. In contrast to an earlier report, the zero-field heat capacity and resistivity data indicate two magnetic transitions at 13 and 17 K. The external magnetic field substantially influences the resistivity and heat capacity of the compound around the magnetic ordering temperature. The magnetocaloric effect, which is calculated from in-field heat capacity data, is quite large around the magnetic transition temperature. The magnetoresistance is also large near the magnetic ordering temperature. The metamagnetic transition is observed for 10 kOe magnetic field both in magnetocaloric and in magnetoresistance data. The metamagnetic transition ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper reports that only a few years ago superconducting magnetic separation was viewed as the next major market for superconducting magnets. The first commercial units had been installed, worked flawlessly, and demonstrated real economic viability. The potential market was seen as quite large, and many people believed that superconducting magnetic separation would soon show the same rapid growth that MRI had demonstrated after its initial success. These hopes even prompted IGC, one of the top MRI magnet builders, to form a separate division devoted to magnetic separation. Despite the existence of Magstream, IGC has not been overly active in the market. As a technology that has applications from the clay on the Earth to the soil on the moon, superconducting magnetic separation has yet to become widely used.

Science.gov (United States)

We have analyzed the MHD flow of a conducting couple stress fluid in a slit channel with rhythmically contracting walls. In this analysis we are taking into account the induced magnetic field. Analytical expressions for the stream function, the magnetic force function, the axial pressure gradient, the axial induced magnetic field and the distribution of the current density across the channel are obtained using long wavelength approximation. The results for the pressure rise, the frictional force per wave length, the axial induced magnetic field and distribution of the current density across the channel have been computed numerically and the results were studied for various values of the physical parameters of interest, such as the couple stress parameter ?, the Hartmann number M, the magnetic Reynolds number R and the time averaged mean flow rate ?. Contour plots for the stream and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We compare experimental data for temperature dependence of the magnetic order parameter and the magnetic excitations (spin waves) in materials with a quenched orbital moment and a well-defined spin quantum number. It is observed that the thermal decrease of the two quantities proceeds according to the same analytical function of the type y(T)=1-cT"#epsilon# with an identical exponent #epsilon#. This power function applies not only asymptotically for T->0 but holds over a wide temperature range. The exponent #epsilon# is universal, i.e. independent of spin order type and lattice symmetry and depends only on the dimensionality of the relevant interactions and on whether the spin quantum number is integer or half-integer. The different T"#epsilon# functions are identified as representations of stable universality classes. The fact that order parameter and magnetic excitations follow the same T"#epsilon# function shows that ...

Science.gov (United States)

We discuss how magnetic phenomena affect superconductivity in simple metals, transition metals and alloys thereof, and dilute Rare-Earth alloys. It is shown both qualitatively and quantitatively that superconductors are sensitive probes for studying itinerant spin excitations, local spin excitations associated with nearly magnetic impurities, the effect of the atomic environment on the stability of local magnetic moments, and the nature of the spin order in Rare-Earth alloys. Also, we discuss how magnetic impurities can be used to study the electronic configuration which is responsible for superconductivity in Laves-phase crystals like A-15 compounds and ..beta..-W crystals, for example.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It has been carried out the magnetic properties determination for high iron oxide content glasses series obtained from a geothite red mud waste from the zinc hydrometallurgy and dolomite and glass cullet as main raw materials. It has been determined the magnetic susceptibility and magnetization values for the glasses here investigated. The results suggest that the magnetic behaviour are depending on the glass chemical composition, so that glasses can be differently classified like ferrimagnetic, ferromagnetic, superparamagnetic and paramagnetic. (Author) 6 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is suggested that the magnetic Ap stars can be rotationally decelerated to long periods by the braking action of the associated magnetic field on time scales of order 10"7--10"1"0 years depending on whether the star's dipole field is aligned perpendicular or parallel to the rotation axis. Rotation includes a toroidal magnetic field in the plasma surrounding a star, and the accompanying magnetic stresses produce a net torque acting to despin the star. These results indicate that it is not necessary to postulate mass loss or mass accretion for this purely hydromagnetic braking effect.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A.C.R.O. (Association pour le Controle de la Radioactivite dans l Ouest) is a French non governmental organisation that operates a laboratory for radioactivity analysis. It was created in 1986 as a response to people demands for information and reliable, independent testing. The organisation mainly carries out missions of information and training for its correspondents and more generally for a wide audience, particularly for people who worry about problems of environment, health, management of radioactive waste and emissions. Thanks to its structure, it enables citizens to involve themselves together with scientists so as to gain access to information that was hither to reserved to specialists. The organisation can vouchsafe its independence from the diversity of its members and volunteers, as well as from the diversity of its money resources. Besides its headquarters situated on the city of Caen area (Normandy), three branches situated in North Normandy, in Touraine and North Cotentin ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anisotropic Nd{endash}Fe{endash}B magnet powders can be produced by the hydrogenationdecomposition-desorption-recombination (HDDR) process from Nd{endash}Fe@ xnB{endash}Co{endash}M ({ital M}=Ga, Zr, Nb, Hf, and Ta) alloys. The present status of those HDDR powders and the bonded magnets made from them are reviewed with regards to the powder particle size dependence of their magnetic properties, their magnetic thermal stability, and their magnetization behavior. The results of a mechanistic study on the recombination step are also presented. The magnetic properties of the anisotropic HDDR powder depend relatively little on the powder particle size. Bonded magnets with a density of {approximately}6.20 g/cm{sup 3} and a BH{sub max} of 18.5{endash}20.5 MGOe can be produced from anisotropic HDDR powders with particle sizes of below 300 {mu}m diam. ...

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The magnetic separation technology using sub-microsized ferromagnetic particle is indispensable in many areas of medical biosciences. For example, ferromagnetic particles (200-500 nm) are widely used for cell sorting in stem cell research with the use of cell surface-specific antigens. Nanosized ferromagnetic particles (10-20 nm) have been suggested as more suitable in drug delivery studies given their efficiency of tissue penetration, however, the magnetic separation method for them has not been established. One of the major reasons is that magnetic force acting on the object particles decreases drastically as a particle diameter becomes small. In this study, magnetic force acting on the targets was enhanced by the combination of superconducting magnet and the filter consisting of ferromagnetic particle. By doing so, we confirmed that Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} of 20 nm in diameter was ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

With "1"5"1Eu-Moessbauer spectroscopy and other methods the complex magnetic properties of Eu_2PdSi_3, arising from the two crystallographically different lattice sites of the Eu"2"+ ions, have been already studied. Here we study the impact of magnetic dilution of the magnetic Eu"2"+ sites by non-magnetic Y"3"+ ions. A previous specific heat study has found reduced magnetic ordering temperatures with strong indication of disorder effects like in magnetic spin glasses. Here we provide from "1"5"1Eu-Moessbauer spectroscopy detailed information of the impact of Y"3"+ substitution on the magnetic properties of the two lattice sites, well distinguishable in the "1"5"1Eu-spectra. Since the substitution of the larger Eu"2"+ ions by the smaller Y"3"+ ions is connected with a lattice contraction, we also applied high pressure to the Eu_2PdSi_3 sample ...

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The electrical resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetic susceptibility of single-crystal UPd[sub 2]Si[sub 2] have been studied between 4.2 and 300 K. A large anisotropy was observed in both the magnetic and transport properties. There is a quadratic temperature dependence of the resistivity for a range of temperatures between 4.2 and 80 K. At higher temperatures, the resistivity indicates a Kondo-type behavior. The behavior of these quantities is accounted for by the magnetic phase transitions at 108 and 136 K reported from neutron-scattering studies. At high temperatures, the magnetic susceptibility of UPd[sub 2]Si[sub 2] is Curie-Wiess-like along the [ital c] axis. The temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient above 108 K is accounted for by a theoretical model invoking skew scattering of conduction electrons by localized magnetic moments.

CERN Document Server

We report on the magnetic hyperthermia properties of chemically synthesized ferromagnetic 11 and 16 nm Fe(0) nanoparticles of cubic shape displaying the saturation magnetization of bulk iron. The specific absorption rate measured on 16 nm nanocubes is 1690+-160 W/g at 300 kHz and 66 mT. This corresponds to specific losses-per-cycle of 5.6 mJ/g, largely exceeding the ones reported in other systems. A way to quantify the degree of optimization of any system with respect to hyperthermia applications is proposed. Applied here, this method shows that our nanoparticles are not fully optimized, probably due to the strong influence of magnetic interactions on their magnetic response. Once protected from oxidation and further optimized, such nano-objects could constitute efficient magnetic cores for biomedical applications requiring very large heating power.

Science.gov (United States)

Sensitive and quick-response nonlinear inductance characteristics are found for high Tc superconducting (YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-chi/) disk cores at 77K in which soft magnetic BH hysteresis loops are observed. Various quick response magnetic devices such as modulators, amplifiers and sensors are built using these cores. The magnetizing frequency can be set to more than 20 MHz, which is difficult for conventional ferromagnetic bulk materials such as Permalloy amorphous alloys and ferrite. New quick-response fluxgate type magnetic-field sensors are made using ac and dc voltage sources. The former is used for second-harmonic type sensors, while the latter is for voltage-output multivibrator type sensors. Stable and quick-response sensor characteristics were obtained for two-core type multivibrators.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We investigated the magnet field dependence of the X-ray pulse height and the critical current of a Ti/Au bilayer TES micro-calorimeter. The pulse height was strongly affected by the magnetic field intensity applied perpendicularly to the TES surface. We found that the critical current at zero temperature, I c0, decreased by a factor of two by applying a magnet field of ?10??T. Our data are consistent with a TES sensitivity proportional to (I/I c0)?2/3, as predicted by the Ginzburg-Landau theory. This fact implies that the shape of the R?T curve of the TES is partly determined by the critical current of the superconductor. In order to make our TES microcalorimeters less sensitive to the external magnetic field, we fabricated devices equipped with on-chip magnetic shielding. One device has ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Effect of low-frequency pulsating magnetic field on the microstructure and magnetic properties of amorphous alloy Fe_7_8Si_9B_1_3 were investigated. The temperature rise induced by the treatment was measured by a non-contact infrared thermometer. The crystallization behavior and microstructure of specimens were studied by Moessbauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Magnetic properties of the specimens were investigated by alternating gradient magnetometer (AGM). The results show that the low-frequency pulsating magnetic field can promote the single-phase crystallization of amorphous alloy Fe_7_8Si_9B_1_3. The frequency, f of applied field is from 10 to 40 Hz, magnetic field, H is from 0.02 to 0.04 T and treatment duration, t is from 180-300 s. The volume fraction of crystallization phase (#alpha#-Fe(Si), the grain size, 2-10 nm) is 3-7%. The temperature rise ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The investigated hybrid nanocomposite consists of a porous silicon template with electrochemically embedded Ni or Co nanostructures and offers magnetic characteristics which can be tailored by the electrochemical process parameters during fabrication. A twofold magnetic behaviour can be observed, a first one due to the spinmagnetism at magnetic fields below the saturation magnetization of the deposited metals and a second non-saturating term at higher fields (>1 T up to 7 T) above the saturation magnetization. In case of Ni deposited within the pores this non-saturating term shows a paramagnetic characteristic and follows exactly the Curie-Weiss law, whereas for Co/porous silicon samples the temperature dependent magnetization shows some deviations from the Curie Weiss law. In this high field region a difference in the temperature dependence between Ni ...

Science.gov (United States)

A new type of radiation which occurs when particles are accelerated in the field of a longitudinal wave and in a transverse magnetic field is studied. The characteristics of such spontaneous radiation are obtained, and the influence of collective effects on the radiation is analyzed. The application of the findings to the theory of free electron lasers is discussed. 8 references.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The magnetic susceptibility and the density of human oxy-(HbO₂) and carbonmonoxyhemoglobin (HbCO) solutions of various concentrations have been measured at room temperature, with pure water...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Electro-Magnet. Antenna Panels Types Simulated Hail Stone Damage A.Panel ...... X-Band Klystron Electro Magnet. 11. I I. 333-6104 AcBc. 333-6105 Color ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The magnetic properties of as-grown Ga1-xMnxAs have been investigated by the systematic temperature and magnetic field dependent soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements in the Mn L2,3 absorption edge region. The XMCD intensity at high temperatures obeys the Curie-Weiss law, but residual spin magnetic moment appears already around 100 K, significantly above Curie temperature (Tc), suggesting that short-range ferromagnetic correlations are developed significantly above Tc. The high-field magnetic susceptibility becomes T-independent below TC, indicating that the AF interaction between the substitutional Mn (Mnsub and interstitial Mn (Mnint) ions, which becomes strong as the Mn concentration x increases, exists and that the amount of the Mnint affects Tc. The present experimental findings should give valuable insight into the inhomogeneous ...

CERN Document Server

An in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy has been observed in thin Co films normally deposited onto obliquely sputtered Ta and Pt underlayers. Associated with this anisotropy is an augmented easy axis coercivity. The in-plane easy axis is, in most cases, perpendicular to the incident deposition plane. Microstructural results indicate that grains are well connected along the magnetic easy axis but are separated by long continuous voids along the hard axis, which is ascribed to a geometric shadowing effect due to the oblique incidence deposition of the underlayer. Hence, the magnetic anisotropy mimics the film growth anisotropy. It is therefore believed that the observed magnetic properties are due to magnetostatic shape anisotropy effects. In-plane coercivity and anisotropy field are shown to increase with underlayer deposition angle, underlayer thickness and magnetic layer ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectiveUsing high resolution cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), we aimed to detect new details of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, to explain the twisting...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Quantitative probing of heterogeneous regions in muscle is feasible with phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy because of the differentiation of metabolic patterns of glycolytic and oxidative...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Epidemiologic research concerning electric and magnetic fields in relation to cancer has focused on the potential etiologic roles of residential exposure on childhood cancer and occupational exposure...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a 735-kV transmission line on the electric and magnetic field exposures of people living at the edge of the line's right of way. Exposure of 18...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A design of the modular coil system for CHS-qa has been made for the plasma configuration '2b32' with the aspect ratio 3.2. The magnetic field strength and the major radius are 1.5 T and 1.5 m, respectively. The normal component of magnetic field produced by the modular coils is minimized on the plasma boundary to obtain the optimum coil design. We put engineering constraint on the distance between adjacent modular coils and the radius of coil curvature. The dependence of the residual normal component of the field on these conditions is examined, and the realistic values for them are selected. Additional coils to control various properties of the magnetic field configuration (the rotational transform, the magnetic well depth, etc.) have been designed and a flexibility of the magnetic field configuration is realized. For the case that the rotational transform ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A technique of low-field pulsed proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin relaxation is described for assessment of age-related structural changes (dentin and pulp) of human teeth in...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Name U.S. Geological Survey A Helicopter-Borne Magnetic Survey over Dixie Valley Geothermal Field, Nevada: A Web Site for Distribution of Data by U. S. Geological Survey &...

Science.gov (United States)

the techniques employed at present, some of which, like magnetic forming and hotdrape forming, are in experimental stages. Published October 1965. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

as magnetic forming and hot-drape forming. Details about the 25 techniques discussed incorporate the most recent improvements and ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is both experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that ion flow velocity at an arbitrary angle with respect to the magnetic field can be measured with a directional Langmuir probe. Based on the symmetry argument, we show that the effect of magnetic field on directional probe current is exactly canceled in determining the ion flow velocity, and obtain the generalized relation between flow velocity and directional probe currents valid for any flowing direction. The absolute value of the flow velocity is determined by an in situ calibration method of the probe. The applicability limit of the present method to a strongly ion-magnetized plasma is experimentally examined. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... nuclear electric moments nuclear magnetic moments nuclear radii quadrupole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The paramagnetic susceptibility of single crystals of dysprosium-yttirum alloys is measured in the basal plane and along the hexagonal axis. It is shown that the susceptibility of the alloys obeys the Curie-Weiss law, the effective magnetic moments allong the different directions being the same and the paramagnetic Curie temperatures being different. The difference between the paramagnetic Curie temperatures in the basal plane and along the hexagonal axis is independent of the dysprosium concentration in the alloy. As a comparison with the theoretical models of magnetic anisotropy shows, this is an indication that the magnetic anisotropy of dysprosium - yttrium alloys is of a single-ion nature.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This review of methods and designs of transducers for nondestructive determination of the magnitude and nature of the anisotropy of magnetic properties (permeability, induction, coercive force, energy loss due to magnetization reversal) in local portions of ferromagnetic sheet and, in some cases, in individual parts of products. The need to measure the anisotropy is considered for two angles: for the case when the anisotropy is due to the crystallographic texture and determines the main operating characteristics of widely used sheet such as electrical steel and automobile body sheet, and for crystallographically isotropic materials, in which the anisotropy of magnetic properties as a result of mechanical stresses is a measure for determining the internal stresses.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The magnetic structure of a tetragonal Ce(Ru_0_._9_6Pd_0_._0_4)_2Si_2 single crystal, determined by neutron diffraction measurements, is similar to that observed in Rh doped alloys. The magnetic moments are oriented and modulated along the c-axis. Here the wave vector is incommensurate: k=(0,0,0.38). At 1.5 K, the moment is estimated to about 0.3 #mu#_B. Magnetization, magnetoresistance and Hall effect measurements performed on this alloy are also reported. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The suitability of MR imaging versus computerized tomography in observation of brain development disorders in children are compared. 13 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization of TbRh{sub 2-x}Pd{sub x}Si{sub 2} and TbRu{sub 2-x}Pd{sub x}Si{sub 2} compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T, x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Neel temperature and changes the magnetization curves. (orig.)

Science.gov (United States)

... This is achieved by the use of a unique logic circuit employing a plurality of flip-flop devices, multivibrators and AND gates. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The author briefly discusses definition of terms, gives an introduction to measurement techniques and describes the characteristics of various low-frequency fields and their causes using typical examples: natural electric fields (thunderstroms), natural magnetic fields, technical electric constant fields (urban transportation, households), static magnetic fields (urban transportation, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging), technical electric alternating fields (high-voltage transmission lines, households), and magnetic alternating fields (high-voltage transmission lines). The author discusses both occupational exposure and that of the general public while underpinning his statements by numerous tables, measurement diagrams and charts. (Uhe).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared

CERN Document Server

An accelerator has limited dynamic range: a chain of accelerators is required to reach high energy. A combination of septa and kicker magnets is frequently used to inject and extract beam from each stage. The kicker magnets typically produce rectangular field pulses with fast rise- and/or fall-times, however the field strength is relatively low. To compensate for their relatively low field strength, the kicker magnets are generally combined with electromagnetic septa. The septa provide relatively strong field strength but are either DC or slow pulsed. This paper discusses injection and extraction systems with particular emphasis on the hardware required for the septa.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Trama; Montevideo (Uruguay) 70 p. GEOSCIENCES geologic history geologic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Union (INTAS), Brussels (Belgium) Science and Technology Center in Unkraine,

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The magnetoresistance in an FeNi submicron-structure comprising two wires of 80 and 200 nm in width connected in series was measured at 77 K. When the external magnetic field was applied parallel to the wire axis, two switching fields corresponding to the distinct coercive force of the two wires were observed. When the external magnetic field was applied at an angle of {theta}>30 deg. to the wire axis one switching field was observed, indicating simultaneous magnetization reversal in both wires. This indicates that the domain-wall trapping around the joint can be controlled systematically in terms of the direction of the external magnetic field.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

English 2001 p. 178 China Iwashita, Y. Kumada, M. National Institute

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors have performed a preliminary design for a persistent GHz NMR magnet at 23.5 T and 1.8 K operating conditions. In this paper the authors shall address the issues of realistic conductor selection, the coil design, the magnetic and mechanical analysis of the coil, and the required field uniformity. In addition, they shall describe the GHz magnet cryostat with a practical 1.8 K J-T refrigerator system. Finally vibration isolation system and field shield design and its associated field harmonics will be analyzed.

Science.gov (United States)

... fields, materials can be subjected to energy densities exceeding those realized in high explosives, a fact which forms the basis for magnetic forming ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The concept of the minimum propagating zone (MPZ) is used to examine the causes of quenches in ISABELLE cosine theta superconducting dipole magnets. The size of disturbances large enough to exceed the MPZ and initiate quenches is estimated and compared with the size of disturbances which may be produced in the magnets. A suggestion for reducing the size of these disturbances through individual support of the coil block is outlined.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

High-spin states in {sup 202}Pb and {sup 203}Pb have been investigated by in-beam {gamma}-ray spectroscopy following the reaction {sup 198}Pt({sup 9}Be,xn). A search for magnetic rotational bands in these isotopes confirmed one of the two bands previously assigned to {sup 202}Pb and revealed a new band in this isotope. No evidence for magnetic rotation has been found in {sup 203}Pb. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Due to biological effects of magnetic fields of high voltage transmission lines and induced effects on has pipe line, telecommunication system and interference with sensitive electronic equipment, many effort have been done to reduce transmission lines magnetic fields and several ideas have been introduced. In this paper we review three methods: phase split, shielded and compacted line methods. With aid of a developed software programme these methods are then applied to transmission lines and the results are analyzed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of powder samples of heavy rare-earth (Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb) tungstates have been reported in the temperature range 300 to 900 K. Curie-Weiss law behaviour has been observed for all samples. The Curie constant, paramagnetic Curie temperature and magneton number for the magnetic ions have also been evaluated for each material. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report continues the studies of simplified methods, of magnetic diagnostics in application to TCA/BR tokamak. Here we study the accuracy of known formula for {beta}{sub 1} + l{sub 1}/2 determination from the poloidal magnetic field asymmetry. Errors of the diamagnetic measurements due to vibrations of the vacuum vessel are also considered. (author). 3 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We report on solid solution CePd[sub 2-x]Mn[sub x]Si[sub 2] which shows an interesting transition of the Ce-ion from magnetism in a Kondo regime to an intermediate valence state coupled with a strongly magnetic 3d sublattice. ((orig.))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The gauge-invariant correlation function for the Yang-Mills field strengths is shown to admit a symmetric decomposition into electric and magnetic components. The spectral weights are seen to obey a sum rule of the superconvergence type, owing to asymptotic freedom. The close relation between the dielectric function, electric-magnetic duality, and the algebra of generalized Chern-Simons charges is illustrated for the linearized Yang-Mills-Higgs system.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferrofluids have promising potential for heat transfer applications, since advective transport in a ferrofluid can be readily controlled by using an external magnetic field. However, unlike conventional free or forced convection, ferrohydrodynamic convection is not yet well characterized. A full understanding of the relationship between an imposed magnetic field, the resulting ferrofluid flow, and the temperature distribution is a prerequisite for the proper design and implementation of applications involving thermomagnetic convection. The literature variously assumes constant magnetic fields, does not completely represent the variation in the imposed field, or its descriptions are inaccurate, since the fields do not comply with the Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism. We address this by simulating two-dimensional forced convection heat transfer in a channel with a ferrofluid that is under the influence of a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this letter we report a clear and unambiguous observation of the out-of-plane quadrupole magnetic field suggested by numerical simulations in the reconnecting current sheet in the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX). Measurements show that the Hall effect is large in collisionless regime and becomes small as the collisionality increases, indicating that the Hall effect plays an important role in collisionless reconnection.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is shown that recuperator in which the thermal energy of particles is transformed into electric oue under drift in crossed fields is naturally coupled with dragontype magnetic confinement system, so the recuperation process can be initiated in the dragon magnetic field. A number of questions occuring under analysis of recuperator-dragon system is considered, including the dynamics of particle transfer to the recuperator, the share of particles entering the recuperator, the effect of rotational transform and the recuperation efficiency.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The conductance in ferromagnetic Ni nano-wire is quantized in units of 2e{sup 2}/h in the absence of magnetic field, while the units switch to e{sup 2}/h in the magnetic field. The fractional units of 0.7e{sup 2}/h and 1.4e{sup 2}/h with and without magnetic field appear under the application of high bias-voltage. The spin polarization and bias-voltage play an important role in the electric conduction.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Although a large number of studies on effects of magnetic fields on living organisms was reported, no definite results were obtained in many cases because the related conditions are non-uniform and uncertain, such that the uniform magnetic space is smaller than test samples, and temperature control is insufficient. Therefore, the present study developed a microorganism cultivation system that is applied with a 7-T superconducting magnet. This system has the following features: it generates homogeneous magnetic fields of 0.5 to 7 T {plus_minus} 0.5% in the space with a diameter of 100 mm and a length of 200 mm in a normal temperature bore (with a diameter of 160 mm); it can cultivate microorganisms aerobically at temperatures of 10 to 70{degree}C {plus_minus} 0.1{degree}C; it can perform the cultivation simultaneously with a control cultivation in a small magnetic field weaker than ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A measurement of the magnetic form factor of a ferromagnetic actinide compound of UTe with circularly polarized X-rays is reported. The present geometrical configuration of the measurement gives a form factor of L(k)+0.3S(k), where L(k) and S(k) are the form factors of the orbital and the spin magnetic moment, respectively. We have combined the X-ray magnetic form factor with the neutron one which gives L(k)+2S(k) (G. Busch et al.: J. Phys. C 12 (1979) 1391), and have deduced L(k) and S(k) separately. The obtained profiles of L(k) and S(k) show that the orbital and the spin magnetic moments are spatially spread out more than those calculated for a free uranium ion. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Recent advances in nanoscience have raised interest in the minimum bit size required for classical information storage. This bit size is determined by the necessity for bistability with suppressed quantum tunnelling and energy barriers that exceed ambient temperatures. In the case of magnetic information storage, much attention has centred on molecular magnets with bits consisting of about 100 atoms, magnetic uniaxial anisotropy energy barriers of about 50?K and very slow relaxation at low temperatures. Here, we draw attention to the remarkable magnetic properties of some transition-metal dimers, which have energy barriers approaching 500?K with only two atoms. The spin dynamics of these ultrasmall nanomagnets is strongly affected by a Berry phase, which arises from quasi-degen...

CERN Document Server

Monte Carlo calculations of proton irradiation of permanent magnets for the TRADE experiment have been performed. An irradiation dose of about 4´106 Gy/yr/mA has been estimated due to beam losses in normal operating conditions. Existing experimental results indicate that this irradiation level may induce a considerable demagnetization: in fact, a dose of 6´107 Gy induces a remanence loss of 0.3 % on samples of Sm2Co17 magnets, which are the most resistant type. More detailed calculations with the final design of the magnets and of the beam line are suggested, to determine if the irradiation levels allowed a reliable operation of the permanent magnets for the entire duration of the TRADE experiment. Damage and gas production rates have also been calculated; the values obtained are very low, thus confirming that the demagnetization process is in great part reversible.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnetic refrigeration uses the temperature- and field-dependence of the entropy of some magnetic materials to accomplish cooling. Because of the intrinsically high efficiency of the magnetization and demagnetization process and because of the potential for excellent heat transfer between solids and fluids, magnetic refrigerators promise to have higher efficiency than existing gas-cycle refrigerators. Many ground-based and space-based applications could benefit significantly from the cost savings implied by higher efficiency. Other attributes of these devices are high reliability and low volume and mass per unit cooling power. The development of these refrigerators is underway at several places around the world, including the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The progress to date has been encouraging but some problems have been clearly identified. The arguments for high efficiency and the problems that ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We derive the exchange currents of pseudoscalar, vector, and scalar mesons from Feynman diagrams, and use them to calculate the magnetic form factors of nucleon and ?(1232). The magnetic moments and electromagnetic radii are obtained by using those form factors and the parameters determined from the masses of nucleon and ?(1232). We find the magnetic moments and electromagnetic radii of nucleon and ?(1232) can be produced very well in the extended Goldstone-Boson-exchange model in which all of pseudoscalar, vector, and scalar meson nonet are included. The magnetic moments of ?(1232) are closer to experiment values and results from lattice calculation than the results obtained by the model without other mesons except for pion and sigma.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

RHIC 8 cm aperture dipole magnets and quadrupole cold masses are being built for Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) by Northrop Grumman Corporation at a production rate of one dipole magnet and two quadrupole cold masses per day. This work was preceded by a lengthy Technology Transfer effort which is described elsewhere. This paper describes the tooling which is being used for the construction effort, the production operations at each workstation, and also the use of trend plots of critical construction parameters as a tool for monitoring performance in production. A report on the improvements to production labor since the start of the programs is also provided. The magnet and cold mass designs, and magnetic test results are described in more detail in a separate paper.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Superconducting Super Collider uses approx. =9600 dipole magnets. The magnets have been carefully designed to exhibit minimal magnetic field harmonics. However, because of superconductor magnetization effects, iron saturation and conductor/coil positioning errors, certain harmonic errors are possible and must be corrected by use of multipole correctors called trim coils. For the most efficient use of axial space in the magnet, and lowest possible current, a distributed internal correction coil design is planned. The trim coil assembly is secured to the beam tube, a uhv tube with special strength, size, conductivity and vacuum. The report details the SSC trim coil/beam tube assembly specifications, history, and ongoing development.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Application of the Geographic Information System (GIS) with a statistical model to evaluate the magnetic field exposure of a population from high-voltage transmission lines near residential areas is discussed, focusing on the interaction of the GIS with the statistical model. In an effort to validate the model measurements of the magnetic field, profiles were taken at two sites and these profiles have been compared with calculated values. Two conclusions have been drawn from the results: (1) the statistical model linked with the GIS is a very powerful tool for the evaluation of exposure of a population to magnetic fields, and (2) success depends on the presence of other sources of magnetic fields and on the exactness of the data used in the model. 4 refs., 5 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have performed X-ray magnetic diffraction (XMD) experiment of ferromagnets at the Photon Factory (PF) of the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Tsukuba. In this study, we have upgraded the XMD experimental system in order to apply this method to as many samples as possible. Upgrade was made for (1) the X-ray counting system and related measurement program, (2) the electromagnet, and (3) the refrigerator. The performance of the system was enhanced so that (1) the counting rate capability was improved from 104cps to 105cps, (2) the maximum magnetic field was increased from 0.85T to 2.15T, and (3) the lowest sample temperature was reduced from 15K to 5K. The new system was applied to an orbital ordering compound of YTiO3, and we obtained spin magnetic form factor for the reflection plane (010) perpendicular to the b axis. The magnetic field of 2T was needed to saturate the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The results of x-ray diffraction, dc magnetization, and 61Ni Moessbauer spectroscopy studies of the ternary arsenide CrNiAs are reported. This compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fe2P-type structure (space group P6-bar2m) with the lattice parameters a 6.1128(2) A and c = 3.6585(1) A. CrNiAs is a mean-field ferromagnet with Curie temperature TC = 171.9(1) K and the critical exponents ? 0.514(18), ? = 1.010(16), and ? = 2.922(10). The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility above TC follows the modified Curie-Weiss law with a paramagnetic Curie temperature of 176.0(3) K and effective magnetic moment per transition metal atom of 2.42(1) ?B. The magnetic moment per formula unit at 4.2 K is found to be 1.114(33) ?B. The hyperfine magnetic field at 61Ni nuclei at 4.2 K of 41.5(1.0) kOe implies that the Ni atoms carry a magnetic moment of 0.15(3) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The three-dimensional magnetic structure and reversal mechanism of patterned Co/Pt multilayers, were imaged using complementary Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM) (in-plane component) and magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy (M-TXM) (perpendicular magnetization). The Co/Pt films with perpendicular anisotropy were patterned by ion irradiation through a stencil mask to produce in-plane magnetization in the irradiated regions. The boundaries of the patterns, defined by the transition from out-of-plane to in-plane magnetization, were found to be determined by the stencil mask, whilst the scale of the magnetic reversal by the physical microstructure. The nucleation fields were substantially reduced to 50 Oe for the in-plane regions and 1 kOe for the perpendicular regions, comparing to 4.5 kOe for the as-grown film. The perpendicular reversals were ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

DC resistivity, dc magnetization, and specific heat of eight Sc/sub 5/Co/sub 4/Ge/sub 10/-type crystal structure compounds R/sub 5/T/sub 4/Ge/sub 10/ for R = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and T = Rh and Ir are presented. The resistivity, single crystal magnetization, and specific heat results show that in all those compounds, the magnetic moments order antiferromagnetically in the c direction at low temperature. However, in the Er and Tm compounds, the magnetizations along x-y hard directions do not show any anomalies above 2.0 K. This suggests that the ordered Er and Tm ions, which have positive quadrupole coefficients ..cap alpha../sub j/, interact with a crystal field that has an electronic potential valley along the c axis. The fitting of the hard axis magnetizations to Curie-Weiss law suggests that the resulting antiferromagnetic-like theta reflects the strength of the crystal field torque ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method, the magnetic properties of two-dimensional Ru and Rh monolayers (MLs) on a NiAl(001) surface have been investigated. It has been found that free standing one monolayer Ru and Rh films have ferromagnetic ground state with magnetic moments of 2.21 and 1.48 #mu#_B, respectively. The ferromagnetism is still observed even on a Ni terminated NiAl(001) surface, while no magnetic state is found on an Al terminated surface. The calculated magnetic moments of Ru and Rh atoms are 1.56 and 0.88 #mu#_B, respectively. In addition, an induced magnetic moment in surface Ni is observed. It has been found that the free standing Ru film has perpendicular magnetization to the film surface with a magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) energy of 0.66 meV/atom, while an in-plane MCA energy of 0.37 meV/atom is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experimental investigations are presented which demonstrate that the weak ferromagnets are special materials of a larger group of magnets which exhibit two magnetic ordering structures. In weak ferromagnets the main order is antiferromagnetic with a small ferromagnetic component existing in addition. On the other hand, materials in which other combinations of the two basic ordering structures coexist are also known. Common to all these non-collinear spin structures is that the moment components of the two magnetic structures are orthogonal. In the weak ferromagnets this orthogonality manifests already in the paramagnetic phase as a crossover from an isotropic to an anisotropic susceptibility with respect to the applied magnetic field: at high temperatures the antiferromagnetic Curie-Weiss law of the total moment is observed while for T->Tc crossover to a second Curie-Weiss law due to the weak ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In vacuum arcs of interest for ion deposition, in which a magnetic filter is used, significant plasma rotation about the filter axis can develop. In the present work we present experimental evidence and simplified models to interpret relatively fast rotation of plasma generated in a pulsed vacuum arc with a straight magnetic filter and with a magnetic field strength in the range 52-430 G. The plasma rotation is produced in the first part of the filter (the driving region) where either the expanding or the contracting plasma encounters a mainly axial magnetic field. In the next part of the filter (the rotation region) a quasi-equilibrium is achieved and the plasma does not evolve further significantly. A rigid-rotor type of equilibrium is considered to model the rotation region, with experimentally obtained parameters, and a simple model is employed in the driving region to quantify the magnitude of the ...

CERN Document Server

The LHC magnet tests operation team developed various innovative techniques, particularly since early 2004, to complete the superconductor magnet tests by Feb. 2007. Overall and cryogenic priority handling, rapid on-bench thermal cycling, rule-based goodness evaluation on round-the-clock basis, multiple, mashed web systems are some of these techniques applied with rigour for successful tests completion in time. This paper highlights these operation empowerment tools which had a pivotal role for success. A priority handling method was put in place to enable maximum throughput from twelve test benches, having many different constraints. For the cryogenics infrastructure, it implied judicious allocation of limited resources to the benches. Rapid On-Bench Thermal Cycle was a key strategy to accelerate magnets tests throughput, saving time and simplifying logistics. First level magnet appraisal was developed ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ho{sub 2}CuTiO{sub 6} double pervoskite is synthesized by solid state reaction method and the phase formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Ho{sub 2}CuTiO{sub 6} crystallizes in space group P63 cm and are isostructural in AMnO{sub 3} structure. We have investigated the effect of the presence of a magnetic ion (Ho{sup 3+}{approx}10.4{mu}{sub B}) in Ho{sub 2}CuTiO{sub 6}, on the magnetic properties, compared to that of an isostructural double perovskite containing Y-ion (non-magnetic), i.e., Y{sub 2}CuTiO{sub 6}. Magnetization measurements on Ho{sub 2}CuTiO{sub 6} showed paramagnetic moment of 0.026{mu}{sub B}/Ho at room temperature in an applied field of 7 T although no saturation is observed at room temperature, whereas, at 5 K, the paramagnetic moment was 0.3{mu}{sub B}/Ho in the same field. Since this compound is non-centrosymmetric, it is of interest to look into the possibility of realizing ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Holmium doped barium based hexaferrites BaFe12-2xHo2xO19 with (x=0.0-1.0) were synthesized by solid state reaction method. Structural and magnetic characterization of these ferrites provide significant information about their reactive physical properties. X-ray analysis reveals that in all samples M-type structure exist with few secondary phases. Scanning electron microscope revealed the grain size of the specimen. The results show that grain size decreases with the substitution degree of Holmium. Thus rare earth element Holmium Ho^3^+ acts as a grain growth inhibitor. The magnetic hysteresis loops show the variation in the values of magnetic parameters like saturation magnetization (Ms), remanent magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) were observed by changing Ho^3^+ content in BaFe12-2xH...

CERN Document Server

The X-ray spectra of some magnetized isolated neutron stars (NSs) show absorption features with equivalent widths (EWs) of 50 - 200 eV, whose nature is not yet well known. To explain the prominent absorption features in the soft X-ray spectra of the highly magnetized (B ~ 10^{14} G) X-ray dim isolated NSs (XDINSs), we theoretically investigate different NS local surface models, including naked condensed iron surfaces and partially ionized hydrogen model atmospheres, with semi-infinite and thin atmospheres above the condensed surface. We also developed a code for computing light curves and integral emergent spectra of magnetized neutron stars with various temperature and magnetic field distributions over the NS surface. We compare the general properties of the computed and observed light curves and integral spectra for XDINS RBS\\,1223 and conclude that the observations can be explained by a thin ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gantries in the proton/carbon cancer therapy machines represent the major cost and are of the largest size. This report explains a new way to the gantry design. The size and cost of the gantries are reduced and their use is simplified by using the fixed magnetic field. The ''new'' gantry is made of a very large momentum acceptance non-scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) quarter and half arc beam lines. The gantry is made of combined function magnets with a very strong focusing and small dispersion function. Additional magnets with a fast response are required to allow adjustments of the beam position for different energies at the beginning of the gantry. Additional strong focusing magnets following the gantry have also to be adjustable to provide required spot size and radial scanning above the patients. The fixed field combined function ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Full text: Magnetic multilayer materials are becoming technologically important as they provide a more efficient means of magnetic reading and storage through utilisation of their giant magnetoresistance and oscillatory magnetic coupling. This study presents preliminary tight-binding calculations with a view of developing a consistent tight-binding model of `spin valve` Fe-Cu-Fe tri-layer materials. Further work involves using a self-consistent tight-binding approach to obtain a more accurate picture of this system and a better understanding of surface effects at the Fe-Cu interface 1 fig., 4 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Superconducting magnetic and inertial energy pulsed power systems are being developed for future theta-pinch, Tokamak, and laser fusion applications. The short term requirements for these applications are discussed along with present day accomplishments. Areas requiring a research and development effort are examined in detail. Subjects discussed include stresses, energy loss factors, conductor metallurgy, cryogenic requirements, and electrical limitations of superconducting magnetic storage systems; costs, applications, and present technology of homopolar systems; and switching problems associated with both systems.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

CERN has encouraged the US-LARP collaboration to participate in Phase I of the LHC luminosity upgrade by analyzing the benefits gained by using Nb3Sn technology to replace the functionality of select NbTi magnets that CERN is committed to construct. Early studies have shown that the much higher gradients (shorter magnetic lengths) and temperature margins (quench stability) of Nb3Sn magnets compared to their NbTi counterparts is favorable--allowing the insertion of additional absorbers between Q1 and Q2, for example. This paper discusses the relative merits of the NbTi and Nb3Sn options.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present paper investigates the peristaltic transport of a couple stress fluid in an asymmetric channel with the effect of the induced magnetic field. The exact solutions of momentum and the magnetic field equations have been calculated under the assumptions of long wave length and low but finite Reynolds number. The expression for pressure rise has been computed numerically using mathematics software Mathematica. The graphical results have been presented to discuss the physical behavior of various physical parameters of interest. Finally, the trapping phenomena have been discussed for various physical parameters. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The DC magnetic susceptibility of the REBa_2F_7 compounds was measured by a SQUID magnetometer in the temperature range 5-300 K. Except for Eu, the other compounds show either Curie law or Curie-Weiss law with relatively small values of paramagnetic Curie temperature, #theta#_p, with effective magnetic moments in the range expected of electronic ground state of the trivalent rare earth ion with appropriate J value. The behaviour of Eu is complex. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The problem of thermal instability of compressible, electrically conducting couple-stress fluids in the presence of a uniform magnetic field is considered. Following the linearized stability theory and normal mode analysis, the dispersion relation is obtained. For stationary convection, the compressibility, couple-stress, and magnetic field postpone the onset of convection. Graphs have been plotted by giving numerical values of the parameters to depict the stability characteristics. The principle of exchange of stabilities is found to be satisfied. The magnetic field introduces oscillatory modes in the system that were non-existent in its absence. The case of overstability is also studied wherein a sufficient condition for the non-existence of overstability is obtained. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The results obtained from the magnetization, specific heat and electrical resistivity measurements on a polycrystalline sample of Pr_2Pd_3Si_5 are reported. The temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility at low field (0.01 T) exhibits pronounced anomaly below 7 K due to antiferromagnetic ordering. The electrical resistivity and specific heat data also exhibit sharp transition at 6.6 K evidencing the onset of antiferromagnetic order. A fit to the electrical resistivity data below 6 K suggests the presence of an energy gap in magnon spectrum in the ordered state. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The orbit response matrix (ORM) method [1] is applied to model the Fermilab Booster with parameters such as the BPM gains and rolls, and parameters in the lattice model, including the gradient errors and magnets rolls. We found that the gradients and rolls of the adjacent combined-function magnets were deeply correlated, preventing full determination of the model parameters. Suitable constraints of the parameters were introduced to guarantee an unique, equivalent solution. Simulations show that such solution preserves proper combinations of the adjacent parameters. The result shows that the gradient errors of combined-function magnets are within design limits.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to investigate surface-coated magnetite-based magnetic fluids doped with TEMPOL. Two magnetic fluid samples, having magnetite nanoparticles with average diameter of 94 A and coated with different coating layers (lauric acid plus ethoxylated polyalcohol in one case and oleoylsarcosine in the other case), were doped with TEMPOL (6 mM and pH 7.4) and investigated as a function of the nanoparticle concentration. The resonance field and the resonance linewidth both scale linearly with the nanoparticle concentration.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The ZnO nanorods were used as a template to fabricate nickel nanoclusters by electrodeposition. The ZnO nanorod arrays act as a nano-semiconductor electrode for depositing metallic and magnetic nickel nanoclusters. The growth sites of Ni nanoclusters could be controlled by adjusting the applied potential. Under -1.15 V the Ni nanoclusters could be grown on the tips of ZnO nanorods. On increasing the potential to be more negative the ZnO nanorods were covered by Ni nanoclusters. The magnetic properties of the electrodeposited Ni nanoclusters also evolved with the applied potentials.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper is devoted to investigate the influences of thermal dispersion and magnetic field on a hot semi-infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a saturated Darcy-Forchheimer-Brinkman porous medium. The coefficient of thermal diffusivity has been assumed to be the sum of the molecular diffusivity and the dynamic diffusivity due to mechanical dispersion. The effects of transverse magnetic field parameter (Hartmann number Ha), Reynolds number Re (different velocities), Prandtl number Pr (different types of fluids) and dispersion parameter on the wall shear stress and the heat transfer rate are discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The baseline design for the SSC High Energy Booster (HEB) has dipole bending magnets with a 50 mm aperture. An analysis of the cryogenic heat load due to A.C. losses generated in the HEB ramp cycle are reported for this magnet. Included in this analysis are losses from superconductor hysteresis, yoke hysteresis, strand eddy currents, and cable eddy currents. The A.C. loss impact of 2.5 {mu}m vs. 6 {mu}m filament conductor is presented. A 60 mm aperture design is also investigated. 8 refs., 3 tabs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Polymer insulating materials used in radioactive environments are subjected to a risk of surface degradation caused by tracking. The tracking behavior becomes more complex with the presence of magnetic field. This paper presents investigation of tracking failure of gamma-ray irradiated polybutylene naphthalate (PBN) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) under magnetic field. The samples were irradiated in air up to 100 kGy and then up to 1000 kGy with dose rate of 10 kGy/h by using a 60Co gamma-source. Magnetic field Formula Not Shown with flux density of 250 mT was assembled perpendicularly to electric field Formula Not Shown , which gave rise to relative angle between Formula Not Shown and surface normal vector Formula Not Shown of 0degree, 90degree and 180degree, respectively. The experi...

CERN Document Server

The measurements performed at CERN on prototypes and first pre-series main dipole magnets confirm the need of an active control of the Large Hadron Collider to compensate the dynamic field changes during the proton beam injection and acceleration. This control requires in turn an accurate forecast of the magnetic field in the accelerator. We plan to predict the field on the basis of two elements: theoretical field models tailored through the accumulated knowledge of the main magnets during series tests, and an on-line measurement system running on few reference magnets tracking the LHC current cycle. Data coming from this "Multipoles Factory" will result from the fusion of the two sources. Based on this system we foresee to deliver calibration information for pre-defined accelerator cycles as well as real time information for the active control. In this paper we report the conceptual design of the ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background/Objective:Tarlov cysts or spinal perineurial cysts are uncommon lesions. These are mostly incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging or myelograms. The...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The magnetic ordering temperature of some rare-earth-based heavy-fermion compounds is strongly pressure dependent and can be completely suppressed at a critical pressure, p{sub c}, making way for novel correlated electron states close to this quantum critical point. We have studied the clean heavy-fermion antiferromagnets CePd{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and CeIn{sub 3} in a series of resistivity measurements at high pressures up to 3.2 GPa and down to temperatures in the mK region. In both materials, superconductivity appears in a small window of a few tenths of a GPa on either side of p{sub c}. We present detailed measurements of the superconducting and magnetic temperature-pressure phase diagram, which indicate that superconductivity in these materials is enhanced, rather than suppressed, by the closeness to magnetic order. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Portuguese 2010 p. 137-138 Brazil Preto, Monica S. de Moura Tavares,

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

A shipbuilder is using an electro-magnetic forming system (on loan from NASA) in a development program. " A modification in the design of a metal bending ...

Science.gov (United States)

at present, some of which, like magnetic forming and hot-drape forming, are in experimental stages. NASA SP-5017 1965 52pp. GPO 40cents ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the accuracy of different force calculation methods and their impact on mechanical deformations. For this purpose, a micrometer scaled actuator is considered, which consists of a micro-coil and of a permanent magnet (PM) embedded in a deformable elastomeric layer. Design/methodology/approach - For the magnetic field evaluation a hybrid numerical approach (finite element method/boundary element method (FEM/BEM) coupling and a FEM/BEM/Biot-Savart approach) is used, whereas FEM is implemented for the mechanical deformation analysis. Furthermore, for the magneto-mechanical coupling several force calculation methods, namely the Maxwell stress tensor, the virtual work approach and the equivalent magnetic sources methods, are considered and co...

Science.gov (United States)

... metal-oleate complexes. At this point, this method has been reported only for iron nanoparticles [15]. We have demonstrated ...