International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This patent describes the producing of a refractory metal wherein a sponge refractory metal is produced as an intermediate product by the use of magnesium with the incidental production of magnesium chloride, and wherein residual magnesium is separated from the magnesium chloride and from refractory metal to a vacuum distillation step which fractionally distills the magnesium, the magnesium chloride, and the metal sub-chlorides; the steps of: recovering fractionally distilled vapors of magnesium chloride and metal sub-chlorides from a sponge refractory metal; separately condensing the vapors as separately recovered; and recycling the separately recovered magnesium at a purity of at least about 96%.

Wastenet

as a by-product during the purification of molten magnesium chloride prior to its electrolysis and during the

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Production agriculture is associated with a variety of occupational illnesses and injuries. Agricultural workers are at higher risk of death or disabling injury than most other workers. Traumatic injury...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe relationships between worker health and productivity are becoming clearer. However, few large scale studies have measured the direct and indirect cost...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An experimental approach has been performed to ascertain the effectiveness of semi-solid strip casting using a horizontal twin roll caster. The demand for light-weight products with high strength has grown recently due to the rapid development of automobile and aircraft technology. One key to such development has been utilization of magnesium alloys, which can potentially reduce the total product weight. However, the problems of utilizing magnesium alloys are still mainly related to high manufacturing cost. One of the solutions to this problem is to develop magnesium casting-rolling technology in order to produce magnesium sheet products at competitive cost for commercial applications. In this experiment, magnesium alloy AZ31B was used to ascertain the effectiveness of semi-solid roll strip casting for producing ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new interest in magnesium alloys has arisen since light-weight constructions have become more and more attractive. Products that are currently available are mostly cast, forged, and extruded. A cost-effective production of sheet metals will render new perspectives in the design of light-weight constructions. The development of new casting technologies like thin slab casting or strip casting with an in-line rolling process is expected to result in a shorter processing time featuring a high potential of saving energy, time, and cost. Particular attention is paid to the casting process parameters such as casting speed and solidification speed. This article deals with some aspects of a magnesium-adapted single-belt caster. Results of casting experiments and material examination are shown as well as some advices given concerning safety and handling of liquid magnesium. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Increase usage of magnesium components in the portable electronics industries has propelled considerable research interest on the development of magnesium forging. There have been some studies done in the area of sheet metal forming and forging of axis-symmetrical parts of magnesium alloys but there are very little work done on the plane strain backward extrusion of magnesium alloy. This paper deals with the analysis of plane strain extrusion of magnesium alloy, AZ31, using numerical modeling at different extrusion conditions of temperatures and friction coefficients. A commercially available finite element package, ANSYS/LSDYNA, was used in the finite element analysis. FE simulated results, material deformation, punch force and stress/strain distributions, were compared with actual experimental data. From the numerical analysis, a decrease in forging temperature from 300 C to 250 C ...

Science.gov (United States)

An evaluation was made of possible hazardous working conditions at the ASARCO Globe facility, Denver, Colorado. The facility was involved in the recovery of cadmium from baghouse dust, a waste byproduct of nonferrous smelters. A medical study of kidney function was conducted in 45 current or former cadmium production workers; results were compared to those for 35 hospital workers. Kidney abnormalities were more common and more severe in the cadmium workers than in the hospital workers. Abnormalities of proximal tubular function included reduced reabsorption of beta-2-microglobulin, retinol binding protein, calcium and phosphate. Glomerular dysfunction was evidenced as elevated serum creatinine. As length of exposure to cadmium increased, changes became more apparent in workers. No reversal of the conditions was noted in workers who had ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnesium alloys have replaced resins as a material for the components of electronic products such as cell phone and notebook personal computer mainly, because of their lightness and rigidity. Thin walls, a complicated shape, and high appearance quality are all needed in the external parts. Die-casting and injection molding are the main method of manufacturing magnesium alloy parts. The optimal cast conditions and mold design have been investigated in order that a few defects such as surface cracks and mold cavities in casting parts would be reduced. Instead of cast, plastic forming technologies such as warm drawing and hot forging have been developed to form thinner walls and less defects. Plastic formability of magnesium alloy in hot working is dependent on a grain size of material. The material with fine grains has advantage of being formed at high strain rate. The characteristics of forming ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Following the breakthrough for cast magnesium products, interest is now spreading to wrought applications - triggering a variety of technological questions. A major bottleneck in the manufacture of magnesium sections (profiles) by conventional hot extrusion is the low productivity, with extrusion speeds typically five to ten times lower than for comparable aluminium sections. This paper focuses on the use of hydrostatic extrusion as a means to overcome this problem. On the basis of an analytical model, it is clarified why and how process limits are affected by the process mechanics. Experimental work on the hydrostatic extrusion of the alloys M1A, ZM21 and AZ31 confirms that extrusion speed is indeed multiplied, whereas the resulting mechanical properties are similar to or better than those for conventional extrusions. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Car weight corresponds directly to fuel consumption and driving performance. So in order to improve the fuel efficiency and performance of a car the weight has to be reduced. Magnesium as a light metal offers a wide range of weight saving opportunities, especially Magnesium wrought alloys with their improved mechanical properties have a high potential for structural applications. Mechanical properties in terms of their quality and anisotropy are dependent on the microstructure of the material and can be characterized by their degree of inhomogeneity, their grain size distribution and their crystallographic texture. Therefore the orientation distribution of grains, the grain size, its size distribution, the chemical composition (precipitates) itself influence the mechanical parameters and their anisotropy. In this presentation first results of mechanical anisotropy are given: differences in yield stress, r-values and their relation to the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the context of radiation protection for both workers and the population in general, natural sources of radiation, and in particular radon gas and its short-life decay products assume great importance. In particular, workers in thermal spas can easily be exposed to a level of radon radiation and its decay products comparable to those in uranium mines, though often these workers are unaware of the danger. The main source of radon in thermal baths is the thermal water itself, coming as it often does from deep springs, and this can produce high radon concentrations which are left in those areas in which therapy is carried out. Another factor which cannot be overlooked is the radioactive content of thermal mud, often matured for long periods by contact with thermal water. Thermal cures, though varying slightly from site to site, consist principally of mud cures, hydro-therapy and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A press formability of magnesium alloy sheet cannot be evaluated by only general characteristics in tensile test; tensile strength, elongation n-value and r-value. For example, AZ31-alloy elongates about 20% in room temperature but breaks easily at shallow stage in deep drawing, which is caused by little local elongation (local necking). Crystallographic restriction of slip deformation in this alloy produces high strength, which almost equal to macroscopic fracture strength. In press forming, the bending under high tension requires a large deformability. A great difference in the deformability between AZ31 magnesium alloy and a strain hardened A1100 Aluminum (only 5% in elongation) is shown by static bending test with V-notch. In a rolled plate of AZ31, a crack is produced by stress concentration and propagates with reduced load at all testing temperature up to 453 K. In contrast, the point of notch in A1100 is dulled by local plastic ...

CERN Document Server

Standard micro-economics concentrate on the description of markets but is seldom interested in production. Several economists discussed the concept of a firm, as opposed to an open labour market where entrepreneurs would recrute workers on the occasion of each business opportunity. Coase \\cite{Coase} is one of them, who explains the existence of firms as institution because they reduce the transaction costs with respect to an open labour market. Whatever the rationale proposed by economists to account for the existence of firms, their perspective is based on efficiency and cost analysis. Little attention is paid to the dynamics of emergence and evolution of firms. The aim of the present manuscript is to check the global dynamical properties of a very simple model based on bounded rationality and reinforcement learning. Workers and managers are localised on a lattice and they choose collaborators on the basis of the success ...

Science.gov (United States)

The introduction of numerical control (NC) machine tools has made it possible to automate machining in series and small series production. The organization of automated production sections merged NC machine tools with automated transport systems. However, both the one and the other require the presence of an operative at the machine for low skilled operations. Industrial robots perform a number of auxiliary operations, such as equipment loading-unloading and control, changing cutting and auxiliary tools, controlling workpieces and parts, and cleaning of location surfaces. When used with a group of equipment they perform transfer operations between the machine tools. Industrial robots eliminate the need for workers to form auxiliary operations. This underscores the importance of developing robotized manufacturing centers providing for minimal human participation in production and creating conditions for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gas and plasma nitriding processes were executed in the magnesium with modification by titanium in search for an effective surface treatment method for magnesium alloys. Magnesium-nitrogen system has completely no solid solution or solubility, so that nitride should be only formed by eutectic reaction in the liquid phase. Hence, magnesium is difficult or nearly impossible to have its surface modified by nitriding. Addition of nitride forming element into magnesium enables us to lower the onset temperature of nitriding. Magnesium-titanium alloys with 1 to 5 wt% are yielded by the bulk mechanical alloying and, subjected to gas nitriding for various process conditions. Successful co-formation of Mg{sub 3}N{sub 2} as well as TiN becomes a proof to demonstrate the possibility of gas/plasma nitriding in the solid-state magnesium with aid of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The system which is performed the transportation and measurement of drum automatically to measure the surface dose-rate of radioactive waste drum and can inspect place of contaminated sources and precise dose-rate within a drum according to measuring many places equally at the same time has been developed. It is expected that the system be used to minimized radiation exposure of workers and manage the drum effectively according to established at the production facilities as well as the radioactive waste treatment facilities. (author). 7 refs., 9 tabs., 16 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnesium alloys show a high specific strength and are therefore increasingly used for light-weight constructions in transportation industry.{sup [1,2]} To predict the behaviour of the material under the influence of cyclic loading it is vital to understand the fatigue behaviour of magnesium alloys. Only when understood properly, it is possible to fully apply the potential weight reduction by using magnesium alloys. A very important aspect in fatigue of magnesium alloys is the influence of a corrosive media and elevated temperatures, of which both are relevant in automotive applications. These two factors tend to have deleterious effects on magnesium alloys and therefore also have to be considered in investigations on the fatigue behaviour of magnesium alloys. (Abstract Copyright [2004], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Hazardous Material Management and Emergency Response Training and Education Center -- known simply as HAMMER -- is being developed to assist the US Department of Energy (DOE) and others dedicated to improving worker health, safety and productivity. HAMMER is a training and education program for hazardous material, waste management, and emergency response workers. HAMMER is managed by the DOE Richland Operations Office under Work Breakdown Structure (8.2). The 1996 Multi-Year Program Plan (MYPP) includes the Execution Year data and provides the information for Programmatic Fiscal Year Site Management System Execution Baseline, as well as the detailed work plan for performance evaluation of the authorized work. The MYPP incorporates various planning methodologies to define the program and provides essential program integration, and a fully developed technical, cost, and schedule baseline. The MYPP will be utilized by WHC ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purification parameters of the vacuum distillation process for AM50A and AZ31B magnesium alloy were studied. The vacuum distillation tests were kept at 580 C to 620 C up to 10 h under a vacuum pressure of about 1 Pa. The purification ratio for AM50A magnesium alloy increases with increasing the purification time. The chemical compositions of materials deposited purifying at 580 C for AM50A magnesium alloy almost satisfy the values for pure magnesium specified by JIS standard specification. The chemical compositions of deposited materials at 600 C for AZ31B magnesium alloy satisfy the values specified by the standard specification except for Zn. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Effects of rolling conditions on warm deep drawability of cast magnesium alloy that were hot rolled after roll strip casting were investigated to ascertain the feasibility of twin-roll strip casting process of AZ31B magnesium alloy. Hot rolling and heat treatment conditions were changed to examine which conditions were appropriate for producing AZ31B wrought magnesium alloys after strip casting process. Microscopic observation of the crystals of the manufactured wrought magnesium alloys was performed. It has been found that a limiting drawing ratio of 2.7 was possible in a warm deep drawing test of the cast magnesium alloy sheets after being hot rolled. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) program intends to develop new designs for automobiles that will reduce fuel consumption by two thirds but otherwise have price, comfort, safety, and other measures of performance similar to the typical automobile now on the market. PNGV vehicle designs are expected to substitute lightweight materials, such as aluminum, magnesium, carbon-reinforced polymer composites, glass-reinforced polymer composites, and ultra- light steel, for heavier materials such as steel and iron in automobile components. The target mass of a PNGV vehicle is 1,960 pounds, as compared to the average current vehicle that weights 3,240 pounds. Other changes could include the use of different ferrous alloys, engineering changes, or incorporation of advanced ceramic components. Widespread adoption of these vehicle designs would affect materials markets and require concurrent development and adoption of supporting technologies to supply the ...

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:21121206

Science.gov (United States)

In 1963, Grover and co-workers at the Los Alamos. Scientific. Laboratory ...... and A. P. Watkins. (1986) "The Computation of Compressible ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radioactive waste shipping and receiving facilities presently planned for commercial and defence high level nuclear waste will handle waste packages at frequencies far in excess of those in common practice today. If current limits for radiation levels at the cask surface and current handling methods are used, high cumulative personnel exposure to ionizing radiation is projected to occur. To reduce these exposure levels, alternate handling methods are being developed and demonstrated. The production nature of cask receiving operations suggests commercial robotics be incorporated into a remote handling system to reduce predicted worker exposure to acceptable levels while maintaining or increasing throughput. The first phase of cask handling system development culminated in a proof-of-principle test demonstrating the feasibility of performing cask receiving and unloading operations in a remote and partially automated manner. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radioactive waste shipping and receiving facilities presently planned for commercial and defense nuclear waste will handle waste packages at frequencies far in excess of those in common practice today. Unacceptable personnel exposure to ionizing radiation is projected to occur if current limits for radiation levels at the cask surface and current handling methods are used. To reduce these exposure levels, alternate handling methods are being developed and demonstrated. The production nature of cask receiving operations suggests commercial robotics be incorporated into a remote handling system to reduce predicted worker exposure to acceptable levels, while maintaining or increasing throughput. The first phase of cask handling system development culminated in a proof-of-principle test demonstrating the feasibility of performing cask receiving and unloading operations in a remote and partially automated manner. 6 refs., 12 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

At the 7th Healthy Buildings Conference, which was held in Singapore, 7-11 December 2003, more than 500 articles to improve public health and productivity of workers in buildings and the performance of installations. Special attention is paid to indoor air quality and thermal comfort in relation to energy efficiency. [Dutch] Op de laatste Healthy Buildings conferentie, december 2003 in Singapore, werden meer dan 500 artikelen gepresenteerd over het creeren van gezonde, productiviteit verhogende gebouwen en installaties. Deze keer lag de nadruk op binnenluchtkwaliteit en thermisch binnenklimaat, onder andere op het aspect energiezuinigheid. Opvallend was ook de aandacht die de problemen met binnenluchtkwaliteit in ontwikkelingslanden kreeg.

Science.gov (United States)

... Both magnesium and aluminium phosphides are therefore potentially more efficient than either calcium or sodium phosphide. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Russian (1972). USSR Desyatnik, VN Kurbatov, NN Raspopin, SP Trifonov,

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two aspects of the deformation behavior of magnesium sheets are the subject of this paper. First it will give a mechanical characterization of a commercial magnesium with a focus on the anisotropy and the possible microstructural causes of this behavior. The rolling process will be part of the second aspect. The aim is to show the influence of the parameters on the microstructure and texture and how this could affect the anisotropy in the rolled sheets. (Abstract Copyright [2003], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Describes progress made with the new economic system in the USSR coal industry since full self-financing was introduced on 1 January 1989, pointing out that mining is now being carried out at greater depths than before (515 m in 1988, 457 m in 1981 on the average) and that an increasing proportion of coal is being produced by mines liable to coal and gas bursts (62.3% in 1988, 59.6% in 1981). More difficult conditions means that mining costs are increasing. Explains system of agreements between teams of workers and mine management regarding output and extraction costs. Reveals that on 1 January 1990 a new list of coal prices will include 90% price rises on average, as a result of need for mines to finance themselves. There are to be 2 variants of this price list: one containing standard nationwide prices, the other based on mining areas, taking into account different geological and other conditions. Concludes by emphasizing the need to improve ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A sample of 30 manganese-exposed foundry workers from two Swedish plants were examined with a partly computerized psychological test battery, comprised of 10 performance tests. Performance of the manganese-exposed workers was compared to that of a matched control group of 60 workers. Matching criteria were age, geographical area, type of work, and the results on a test of verbal comprehension. Performance of the exposed workers was inferior to that of the control group on tests of simple reaction time, digit span, and finger tapping. No correlations were found between performance and the present manganese exposure levels or the number of years employed in manganese work. The results seem to indicate that the present exposure standards for manganese, in Sweden 2.5 mg/m3 and in most other countries 5 mg/m3, are not sufficient to protect workers from negative effects on performance ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This is a retrospective study of the development of the social worker role within the multi-disciplinary team setting of the Accident and Emergency (A&E) Department at Burnley General Hospital...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An incidence study of malignant melanoma of the skin (MMS), conducted previously among the workers of four plants of a large telecommunications industry located in Montreal, Canada, showed a standardised...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Workers from cotton mills were exposed to cotton dust during carding in an experimental cardroom. Cotton from different geographical locations with varying amounts of endotoxin were used. Exposure levels...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVES--This case cohort study examines whether there is an association between exposure to electric and magnetic fields and suicide in a population of 21,744 male electrical utility workers from...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oil and gas companies operate in many countries around the world. Their exploration and production (E&P) operations generate many kinds of waste that must be carefully and appropriately managed. Some of these wastes are inherently part of the E&P process; examples are drilling wastes and produced water. Other wastes are generic industrial wastes that are not unique to E&P activities, such as painting wastes and scrap metal. Still other wastes are associated with the presence of workers at the site; these include trash, food waste, and laundry wash water. In some host countries, mature environmental regulatory programs are in place that provide for various waste management options on the basis of the characteristics of the wastes and the environmental settings of the sites. In other countries, the waste management requirements and authorized options are stringent, even though the infrastructure to meet the requirements ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Users of pesticides may have waste or surplus quantities or spills for disposal. One alternative is to deactivate the pesticide at the handling site by using a straightforward chemical reaction. This option can be practical for those who use relatively small quantities of a large variety of pesticides, for example, greenhouse workers, small farmers, and agricultural researchers. This paper describes practical on-site methods for the disposal of spills or small waste quantities of five commonly used pesticides, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Iprodione, 2,4-D, and Captan. These have been tested in the laboratory for the rate of disappearance of the pesticide, the degree of conversion to nontoxic products, the nature and identity of the products, the practicality of the method, and the ease of reproducibility. Methods selected were shown to be safe for the operator, reliable, and reproducible. Greater than 99% of the starting ...

Science.gov (United States)

... to Indonesia, and Indonesians who once worked in the Arabian Gulf region (Gunaratna 2003, 269-270). These workers ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Because of the environmental hazard of organic solvents such as chlorinated or aromatic hydrocarbons, water soluble and biodegradable substitutes have come into use. It should be assessed how they affect soil and aquifer when spilled in leaks or accidents. This was simulated in a model system using methanol and percolation columns, one filled with material from the unsaturated subsurface and two with different materials from aquifers. The results reveal that a spill of the substitutes can also cause problems. In homogeneous soils and at long retention times until the substance reaches the aquifer, sorption and biological degradation are most likely to prevent contamination of the groundwater. When oxygen supply in the subsurface is insufficient, reducing conditions occur and sulphide is formed. The data show that much more methanol was eliminated than reflected by the consumption of electron acceptors. This indicates that sorption and anabolic turnover of the microorganisms play an ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

PETROBRAS/TRANSPETRO Pipelines and Terminals have 500 regular employees and 5.064 out sourced workers in its Southeast Division. The out sourced employees work under 125 contracts involving a wide range of activities such as maintenance, pipeline operation, pipeline launching, engineering, administrative and auxiliary services. Among these workers, 1.200 peoples are subjected to occupational exposure, which may be present in the industrial process or in the products transported in our pipelines, e.g. industrial noise, sulfidric gas, toluene, xylene and benzene (recognized as a carcinogen according to ACGIH and Brazilian Ministry of Labour). Our PPRA (acronym in Portuguese for Occupational Exposure Prevention Program) involves the workforce and fosters health by anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of the situations that may result in injuries. Further actions include the procurement of equipment for detection ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To improve the surface properties of magnesium alloy, a lining process using shot peening was carried out. The lining of magnesium alloy with metals such as titanium and nickel is useful in heightening the corrosion and wear properties for the components. In the shot peening experiment, the foil set on the magnesium workpiece is pelted with many shots at a high velocity. The foil is bonded to the surface of the workpiece due to plastic deformation induced by the collision of the shots. A pure aluminum foil is inserted between the hard foil and magnesium workpiece to assist the bonding. To heighten the bondability, the foil and workpiece are heated and the flow stresses of the metals are reduced. In this experiment, a centrifugal shot peening machine with an electrical heater was employed. The workpieces were commercially magnesium alloys AZ31B and AZ91D, and the foils were ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnesium cast parts as well as indirectly and hydrostatically extruded profiles were used in order to investigate the influence of different microstructures on the damping behaviour of magnesium AZ-alloys. Especially, hydrostatic extrusion leads to a significant grain refinement in the extruded profile compared to indirect extrusion. Strain dependent damping measurements were carried out at room temperature using alloys AZ31, AZ61 and AZ80. Damping was determined as the logarithmic decrement of free bending beam vibrations. The results of these measurements after indirect and hydrostatic extrusion are shown and discussed. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effects of carbon inoculation by C{sub 2}Cl{sub 6} addition were investigated using commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy. The additions of C{sub 2}Cl{sub 6} to AZ31 magnesium alloy significantly reduce the grain size from 280 {mu}m to about 120 {mu}m and the tensile properties are also increased due to grain refinement. EPMA analysis shows that Al-C-O compounds are formed in the castings which are considered to function as nucleants. (orig.)

Science.gov (United States)

Increasing the Mg(2+) concentration results in a depression of succincoxidase-linked state 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new technique has been developed for improving corrosion resistance on magnesium alloys. Specimens of AZ31 magnesium alloy were dipped into molten salt of NaBF{sub 4} at 723 K for various times, and then cooled, rinsed with water, and dried in air. Corrosion resistance in the surface treated specimens was evaluated by salt immersion test using 1% NaCl solution as a time for occurring filiform corrosion. On an un-treated AZ31 alloy, the time for starting the filiform corrosion was about 1.2 ks, while on the surface treated specimen, the time was prolonged into about 1300 ks. Moreover, the surface treated specimen showed corrosion resistance in low pH solutions, such as 1% HNO{sub 3} and HCl solutions. (orig.)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Hypocalcemia in the hypomagnesemic state in man is usually attributed to refractoriness of end-organs to the calcemic action of parathyroid hormone. We studied the responsiveness of end-organs to bovine...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Corrosion behavior of deposition coated specimens prepared by the technique proposed by the authors is investigated in salt immersion tests, and also those of pure magnesium, 3N, 4N and 6N grades, and magnesium alloys, AZ31 and AZ91E, are investigated for comparison. Inhomogeneous corrosion occurs in AZ31 and AZ91E alloys when buffered solutions with pH values of 6.5 and 9.0 including 1% NaCl and a conventional 3% NaCl solution are used for immersion tests, while 6N-Mg shows homogeneous corrosion in such solutions. Corrosion behavior of the deposition coated specimen resembles that of 6N-Mg. Purification process included in the deposition coating technique provides homogeneity in microstructural and electrochemical terms, which results in improving corrosion resistance. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This patent describes a catalyst composition. It consists of the catalytic oxides of iron, bismuth, molybdenum and magnesium as essential components and optionally the oxides of cobalt, nickel, phosphorus and arsenic.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Magnesium fructose-1,6-diphosphate is a novel agent of antimyocardial ischaemia. In the present study, the subchronic toxicity of magnesium fructose-1,6-diphosphate was investigated after 13-week repeated intravenous administration in beagle dogs. The animals received doses of 0, 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg/day (three males and three females for each dose). During the study period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food consumption, electrocardiogram, urinalysis, haematology, clinical biochemistry, macroscopic findings, organ weights and histopathology were examined. The administration of magnesium fructose-1,6-diphosphate resulted in increased incidence of clinical signs, including salivation and emesis. These effects were transient and were noted in almost all dogs given 300 mg/kg/day a...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Due to the fact that, the workers' behavior is characterized by its complexity and diversity, this issue has been seen as a great 'black box' in discussions regarding the Management Systems of SHE. Associated with this issue other arises: How conscious people? How to engage them with the process? How to improve the risk control? How to motivate the prevention? Most of these responses are discussed in the Social and Human Sciences for many years. However, it is necessary to closer the technical-operational knowledge and the human aspects, applying in the organizations' daily work, to make the working environment more safe. The purpose of this study, therefore, is examining the possibility of reducing accidents through the identification and treatment of deviations (unsafe acts and unsafe conditions), cause the whole accident, be it serious or not, begins with a small deviation. It was used as a reference tool, the Behavior audit ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A book has been written to introduce the physical aspects of the radiotherapy electron beam by presenting a summary of the developments in this field. The first chapter is a brief introduction to the technology of medical accelerators with emphasis on the electron beam production facilities. Chapter 2 describes the interaction processes at the atomic level once the electron beam enters the medium. Chapter 3 is concerned with the various properties of the electron beam purely from the clinical point of view. The electron beam algorithms and models for distribution calculations are covered in Chapter 4 with inclusion of age diffusion and multiple scattering approaches. The factors affecting the beam distribution in a patient, with inhomogeneities, surface irregularities, backscattering etc. are discussed in Chapter 5. The last two chapters are devoted to electron beam dosimetry including various dosimetric methods, specification and measurement of beam energy, ...

Science.gov (United States)

An in-depth industrial hygiene survey was conducted to evaluate worker exposures to phosphine during fumigation of grain at the Early and Daniel Co. grain elevator in Louisville, Kentucky. Stored grain was fumigated using aluminum phosphide. Aluminum-phosphide pellets were also added directly to the grain by the blender as it was poured into the storage containers. Local exhaust ventilation was used at points in the grain-moving system where grain dust was generated. Air samples were taken during full-shift periods at the breathing zone of the weighmaster, two bin floormen, and the blender. Area monitoring samples were also taken. If the operators spend considerable time in the vicinity of a bin which is being filled with grain, there is a likelihood of far greater exposure levels being noted. According to the author, further studies of the use of phosphide products at other elevators should be conducted to determine the effect of environmental ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The first Russian reprocessing facility, known as RT-1 (located at PA-Mayak in Ural region) was started on the radiochemical plant base in 1977. Nowadays RT-1 is the sole operating reprocessing plant in Russia. The main features of RT-1 is its broad spectrum of reprocessing spent nuclear fuels (SNF). The following spent fuel types are reprocessed: -) SNF from PWR reactors (WWER-440) and FB reactor (BN-600); -) SNF of transport ship reactors; -) production reactors SNF; -) research reactor spent nuclear fuel. The world-known technological processes are used at RT-1, but there are the following distinctive features. First, the universality of the three technological lines which allows not only the reprocessing of various SNF kinds, but also to implement the combined reprocessing of some types of them. Secondly, extraction of neptunium during SNF reprocessing which is used to implement its separate storage and for radioisotope production. Thirdly, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to investigate the extrusion characteristics of magnesium alloy (AZ31), a computer simulation was attempted. Tensile properties of as-cast billet with different strain rates were incorporated into the simulation. The results showed a great change in distribution of stress and strain at near die region by the ram travel. It was found that the average grain size at longitudinal edge of the extruded sheet was smaller than that at center region, which might be attributed to recrystallization caused by severe plastic deformation. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present a sample preparation method for measuring magnesium in individual whole lymphocytes by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. We use Burkitt's lymphoma cells in culture as the test sample and compare X-ray microanalysis of individual cells with atomic absorption analysis of pooled cell populations. We determine the magnesium peak-to-local continuum X-ray intensity ratio by electron probe X-ray microanalysis and calculate a mean cell magnesium concentration of 39 +- 19 mmol/kg dry weight from analysis of 100 cells. We determine a mean cell magnesium concentration of 34 +- 4 mmol/kg dry weight by atomic absorption analysis of pooled cells in three cell cultures. The mean cell magnesium concentrations determined by the two methods are not significantly different. We find a 10% coefficient of variation for both methods of analysis and a 30% coefficient of variation in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machines and structures, such as automobiles are usually subjected to biaxial or three-axial stresses instead of uniaxial stress. However, research on a fatigue failure under multi-axial stress has not been fully presented because such experiments are difficult. To solve this problem, we developed the servo biaxial fatigue-testing machine. In this research, we performed the biaxial fatigue tests of a magnesium alloy in order to clarify the effects from different heat treatments. Magnesium alloy is the lightest in weight among metal materials for structural use. The fatigue characteristics of a magnesium alloy are indispensable in order to create the design which ensures the reliability and the safety of the vehicles especially in long-distance run. The main conclusions are summarized as follows; (1) The mechanical property of magnesium alloy AZ31B falls by heat treatment at low temperature. (2) The ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) absorption was assessed in groups of workers at two explosives factories by measuring the urinary concentrations of dinitroaminotoluene (DNAT) metabolites. DNAT was detected in...Full Text Available

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development of Portable Normobaric Hypoxia and Pulsed Magnetic Field Firmware System for Enhancement of Radio- and Non-specific Resistance in Workers of Environmentally Hazardous Industries

Science.gov (United States)

... Stone, CR & Grover, CC Practice Readers ... Tolbert, M., Withers, S. & Watkins, HT, Good Workers All State Department of Education, Columbia, South ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnesium alloys are ideal candidates to benefit from equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) because of their poor forming characteristics due to a hcp structure. In this study, ECAE processing was applied to ZK31 and AZ31 magnesium alloys under various conditions. The grain size of as-ECAE specimens decreases with decreasing the processing temperature, however, the grain size decreases slightly with increasing number of repetitive processing. Both the tensile strength and 0.2% proof stress of as-ECAE specimens are high when processed at low temperature, but the elongation is high when processed at high temperature. Crystal orientation is different in the two alloys and it also varies according to the processing temperature for the two alloys. The difference of the crystal orientation influences the tensile properties, especially 0.2% proof stress. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Applications of magnesium alloys are motivated mainly by their lightweight. However, manufacturing cost should also be evaluated when considering applying them. From this point of consideration, adoption of sheet forming processes, which previously have not been heavily researched, should be an option. This paper is intended to pioneer the study of the formability of magnesium alloy AZ31 out of rolled sheets at elevated temperatures. The rolled microstructures are examined and correlated with their formability. Post-forming conditions will also be investigated. The tool employed to perform the sheet forming experiments was a punchless die-setting which used pressurized gas to press the sheet into a female die cavity. This technique applied to Mg-alloy is unconventional and warrants attention for its potential utilization in the industry. (orig.)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundComplaints of arm, neck and/or shoulders (CANS) affects millions of computer office workers. However its prevalence and associated risk factors in developing countries...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Collective dose equivalent and population dose from occupational exposures in Japan, 1988 were estimated on the basis of a nationwide survey. The survey was conducted on annual collective dose equivalents by sex, age group and type of radiation work for about 0.21 million workers except for the workers in nuclear power stations. The data on the workers in nuclear power stations were obtained from the official report of the Japan Nuclear Safety Commission. The total number of workers including nuclear power stations was estimated to be about 0.26 million. Radiation works were subdivided as follows: medical works including dental; non-atomic energy industry; research and education; atomic energy industry and nuclear power station. For the determination of effective dose equivalent and population dose, organ or tissue doses were measured with a phantom experiment. The resultant doses were compared with the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Personal monitoring and dose assessment of all radiation workers is an essential regulatory requirement as per radiation safety procedures of AERB and operating stations. The occupational workers of TAPS 1 and 2 and TAPS 3 and 4 are monitored for internal contamination due to high energy gamma emitters by whole body counting

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Residual plutonium (Pu), with trace quantities of depleted uranium (DU) or weapons grade uranium (WU), exists in surficial soils at the Nevada Test Site (NTS), Nellis Air Force Range (NAFR), and the Tonopah Test Range (TTR) as the result of the above-ground testing of nuclear weapons and special experiments involving the detonation of plutonium-bearing devices. The special experiments (referred to as safety shots) involving plutonium-bearing devices were conducted to study the behavior of Pu as it was being explosively compressed; ensure that the accidental detonation of the chemical explosive in a production weapon would not result in criticality; evaluate the ability of personnel to manage large-scale Pu dispersal accidents; and develop criteria for transportation and storage of nuclear weapons. These sites do not pose a health threat to either workers or the general public because they are under active institutional control. The DOE is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luminescence and reflection spectra as well as luminescence kinetics of the 1 mol% Sm3+-doped crystalline lanthanum magnesium meta borate (LaMgB5O10) and gadolinium magnesium meta borate (GdMgB5O10) were analyzed. Materials were synthesized by conventional solid state route and showed bright orange-red emission under UV excitation. Emission spectra contain sharp and well resolved Sm3+4G5/2#->#6HJ transitions indicating a strong crystal-field effect. In case of gadolinium compound energy transfer between Gd3+ and Sm3+ was detected. The luminescent kinetics of the Sm3+ in analyzed powders is characterized by single exponential decay and experimental values vary in the range 2.2-2.4 ms. - Research highlights: ? Phosphorescence of samarium-doped lanthanide magnesium meta borates. ? Bright and well resolved orange-red emission of Sm3+ under UV excitation. ? Energy transfer from Gd3+ to Sm3+ in gadolinium ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this study as to determine the mechanisms involved in using ammonium fluoborate as a reducing atmosphere when preheating a high magnesium content aluminium alloy. Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) has been the major technique used in the analysis of samples, it revealed significant reduction in both the diffusion of magnesium to the surface and the calculated oxide thickness in the presence of NH{sub 4}BF{sub 4}. At temperatures above 500 deg C in air, SEM images revealed depressions and voids due to incipient melting at various stages, around the grain boundaries. Grain boundaries effectively acted as pipes aiding the diffusion of magnesium to the surface. These results have been verified through compositional analysis with both RBS and auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Results from NH{sub 4}BF{sub 4} atmosphere preheat conditions showed significant improvements. It was verified experimentally that above 500 deg ...

Science.gov (United States)

The catalytic effects of copper-aluminium-magnesium oxides in the oxidative coupling of phenylethyne is described. The importance of surface properties as a redox site are discussed.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A novel therapeutic compound was found to induce bladder tumors in male rats. Given the location of the tumors and the increased amounts of calcium- and magnesium-containing solids found in the urine...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The possibility of improving the cold formability of wrought magnesium alloys is considered in light of their good hot forming characteristics. Magnesium alloy AZ31B sheet is selected as a model system. Parameters affecting formability, such as strain hardening rate, strain rate sensitivity, and the degree of anisotropy are examined systematically by conducting tensile tests over a range of temperatures (room temperature to 250 C) and strain rates (1 x 10{sup -5} to 0.1 s{sup -1}). The plastic anisotropy and deformation texture evolution are examined in samples aligned with the sheet rolling and transverse directions. Polycrystal plasticity simulations using a viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) formulation are used to model the observed anisotropy and texture evolution. The adjustable parameters in the model are the relative critical resolved shear stresses of the dislocation mechanisms known to operate within magnesium. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Effect of strain rate, temperature and grain size in the climb-controlled dislocation creep region for AZ31 magnesium alloy was examined at lower temperature of {proportional_to}473 K. The flow stress was not affected by the difference in grain size. The strain rate sensitivity, m, was obtained 0.14 and 0.2 at low temperatures in high strain rate and at high temperature in low strain rate, respectively. It was found that the notion of effective diffusivity could express the dominant diffusion process during climb-controlled dislocation creep behavior uniquely. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The microstructures of magnesium AZ31 are examined following hot compression testing and annealing. The grain size, fraction dynamically recrystallized and, in a couple of cases, the crystallographic texture are reported. It was found that the progress of dynamic recrystallization is strongly sensitive to processing conditions but that the dynamically recrystallized grain size was less sensitive to stress than in other metals. It was also found that, for structures containing between 80 and 95% dynamic recrystallization, abnormal grain growth occurs during annealing. The crystallographic texture produced is also sensitive to the deformation conditions. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To investigate the influence of equal channel angular pressing on the microstructure and texture of the magnesium alloy AZ31, electron backscattering diffraction and well as neutron diffraction experiments were carried out. Through these experiments it was possible to trace the microstructure and texture evolution with strain accumulated with the increasing number of equal channel angular pressing passes. It was further demonstrated by subsequent compression tests that the microstructural changes produced by equal channel angular pressing have a beneficial effect on both the compressive strength and ductility of AZ31. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The superplastic characteristics and diffusion bonding behaviors were investigated in commercial 7475 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. In this study, the presently used materials behaved in a superplastic manner at {proportional_to} 773 K (7475Al) and {proportional_to} 523 K (AZ31). Then, by the theoretical relationship between pressure and time, these materials were successfully diffusion bonded at the superplastic temperatures. The bonding strength was more than 65 MPa. The experimental bonding conditions in high quality joining, times and pressures, were good agreed with prediction analysis. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Terra Nova offshore oil project is described, with emphasis on the construction of the Terra Nova Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessel, the first such vessel constructed for the harsh environment of the North Atlantic off Newfoundland, the site of an oil field that is expected to produce 125,000 to 150,000 barrels of oil per day starting in 2001. The vessel has a double-hull, made of 3,000 tons of reinforced steel to protect it from ice in the form of massive icebergs or crusty 'packs'. The vessel has the world's largest quick release turret, meaning that the vessel can be quickly disconnected from its turret and mooring in the event of an encroaching iceberg, and then reconnected in an environmentally sound way. Apart from its extremely rugged construction, protecting the FPSO vessel against icebergs is accomplished by way of 'hosing down' (by melting by powerful streams of water) or ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radiation doses to workers at the Manhattan Engineer District (MED) and US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) sites due to external irradiation during 1940--1960 are reviewed. Categorized radiation dose data were available from AEC annual reports for some years. Annual individual radiation dose data for ten MED/AEC sites for all years were available from the US Department of Energy`s (DOE) Comprehensive Epidemiologic Data Resource (CEDR). These data are combined to produce an estimate of external collective dose equivalent to 172,000 person-rems (1720 person-Sv) for 1940--1960. During this period there were 41 overexposures, 19 criticality incidents, and 3 deaths due to acute radiation syndrome among several hundred thousand workers.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: Founded in 1964, Ankara Nuclear Research and Training Center (ANRTC) conducts and facilitates the scientific activities including training (summer practice, MSc and Ph D studies in physics and chemistry, IAEA fellowship programs etc.), research and other studies in nuclear and related fields. As it's a part of main duties, ANRTC has analysis on the variety of samples, and radiation protection services commercially, for radiation workers in state, public and private sectors. Research, development and application projects implemented in this Center have mostly been supported by State Planning Organization (SPO) and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEA). In addition to the projects there are on going collaborative studies with some national Universities and International Atomic Energy Agency. The main activities carried out in ANRTC can be summarized as: studies on experimental nuclear physics, application of nuclear techniques such as XRF, XRD, Gamma, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) is a vertebrate pesticide widely used for possum control in New Zealand. Fluoroacetate is also a toxic component of poisonous plants found in Australia, South Africa, South America, and India. Because of its importance and effectiveness in pest control and the highly toxic nature of this compound, its acute sub-lethal and target organ toxicity have been extensively studied. In relation to its use as a pesticide its environmental fate, persistence, non-target impacts and general toxicology have been and continue to be extensively studied. Toxic baits must be prepared and used with extreme care, otherwise humans, livestock, and non-target wildlife will be put at risk. The high risk of secondary poisoning of dogs is a cause for concern. 1080 acts by interfering with cellular energy production. Possums die from heart failure, usually within 6-18 h of eating baits. Long-term exposure to sub-lethal doses can have harmful effects and strict ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The 66 fields discovered since the 1960s in the northern West Siberian basin contain at least 22 trillion m/sup 3/ (777 tcf) of proved gas, almost one-third of the world's reserves. Half of these fields are giants (> 85 billion m/sup 3/ or 3000 bcf of reserves). These include the largest and second-largest gas fields in the world-Urengoy (8.099 trillion m/sup 3/ or 286 tcf of gas) and Yamburg (4.81 trillion m/sup 3/ or 170 tcf of gas)-as well as most of the other ten largest gas fields in the world. The West Siberian basin occupies a 3.4-million km/sup 2/ (1.31-million mi/sup 2/) arctic lowland immediately east of the Ural Mountains, extending north under the Kara Sea. It is a composite basin, with Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin fill on top of a Paleozoic basin that overlies a crystalline Archean-Proterozoic framework. The productive zones in the northern basin are principally in the Neocomian section (at an average depth of 2800m or 9200 ft) and the ...

Science.gov (United States)

Plutonium isotopes (239Pu and 238Pu, and 241Am) with a total activity of 269 kBq were accidentally deposited in a puncture wound of the right index finger of a nuclear worker at the Mayak Production Association. Tissues surrounding the wound site contaminated with radionuclides were excised 4.5 h after the injury. Residual contamination within the wound amounted to 0.05% of the initial contamination. The 10-d therapy with CaNa3-diethylene triamine pentaacetate acid (CaNa3-DTPA) was performed in parallel with in vivo measurements of the wound site and daily urine bioassays. The wound intake of radionuclides was consistent with two forms of radioactive materials detected within the wound site, i.e., soluble compounds and a large fragment, which was completely removed by excision. On day 9 after the injury, the clearance rate from the wound site was 1.8 times higher than the rate predicted by the National Council on Radiation Protection and ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Thus far there are relatively few data on the risk of leukemia among those who were exposed to external radiation during cleanup operations following the Chornobyl nuclear accident, and results...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This study assesses the contribution of smoking to all-cause mortality among a primarily minority cohort of urban transit operators. Survey and medical exam data, obtained from 1,785 workers (61% African...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVE--The survey aimed at studying the associations between prevalent respiratory symptoms in an occupational population and sickness absence due to respiratory disorders. METHODS--A cross sectional...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) has been measured hourly from waking to sleeping in 29 workers with respiratory symptoms exposed to the fumes of soft soldering fluxes containing colophony (pine resin)....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Rapid changes in China over the past two decades have led to significant problems associated with population migration and changing social attitudes, including a growing sex industry and concurrent...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radiation protection programs for workers are based, in the United States, on a hierarchy of limitations stemming from Federal guidance approved by the President. This guidance, which consists of principles, policies, and numerical primary guides, is used by Federal agencies as the basis for developing and implementing their own regulatory standards. The primary guides are usually expressed in terms of limiting doses to workers. The protection of workers against taking radioactive materials into the body, however, is accomplished largely through the use of regulations based on derived guides expressed in terms of quantities or concentrations of radionuclides. The values of these derived guides are chosen so as to assure that workers in work environments that conform to them are unlikely to receive radiation doses that exceed the primary guides. The purpose of the present report is to set forth derived ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An assessment has been made of biochemical alterations in renal and hepatic functions of 73 male operators employed for an average of 8.2 years (range 0.5-23 years) in a chemical plant producing chlorinated...Full Text Available

Wastenet

... In recent years workers in this field have focused on nucleation by nano-porous materials . This was in part motivated by a theoretical study by Page and Sear (2006) who proposed a two step model for nucleation in pores which suggest that there is ...

Science.gov (United States)

While tritium exposure to the site-workers in Wolsung NPP is up to about 40% of the total personnel exposure, Ministry of Science and Technology has asked tritium removal facility for requirement of post heavy-water reactor construction. For the purpose o...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An analysis of the mortality of workers employed at the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) between 1946 and 1994 is presented. Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) are computed with reference to the French national population for the period 1968-1994. 51 286 workers are included in the study. 3 784 deaths occurred between 1968 and 1994. A healthy worker effect is observed for men (SMR=0.53 Cl{sub 90%}=[0.52; 0.55]) and for women (SMR=0.70 Cl{sub 90%}=[0.64; 0.76]). An excess is observed for male pleural cancers (SMR=1.54, Cl{sub 90%}=[1.03; 2.21]). An excess of breast cancer is observed among women, statistically significant for the 1980-1994 period (SMR=1.30, Cl{sub 90%}=[1.04; 1.61]). An excess is observed for malignant melanoma for both sexes (SMR=1.38, Cl{sub 90%}=[0.95; 1.96]), stronger for the 1990-1994 period (SMR=2.11, Cl{sub 90%}=[1.25; 3.34]). It diminishes with age. (orig.)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A survey was conducted at 15 textile plants with dyehouses in western Sweden. Employees with a history of work related rhinitis, asthma, or skin symptoms were offered a clinical and immunological investigation...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Better properties of magnesium make it a natural choice for use as an anode material in rechargeable batteries. However, the magnesium alloy thin sheets used in rechargeable batteries were produced by ingot casting and rolling. That technology was so complex and the cost was high. Rapidly solidification by melt spinning is an effect way to solve that problem. In this paper, the technology of rapidly solidified (RS) ribbons in Mg-3%Al-1%Zn-0.2%Mn alloy has been investigated using melt spinning technique. The effect of wheel speed on thickness and microhardness of the ribbons is presented. Microhardness is found to increase with the wheel speed. Rapidly solidification leads to small grains (1{proportional_to}2 {mu}m). The plasticity of the ribbons was well. The quantity of Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} decreases with the increase in wheel speed. When the wheel speed reaches 1600 rpm, no Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} phase precipitates. As the increase of the wheel ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feasibility of mushy state forming of magnesium alloys making use of resistance heating was examined. Magnesium alloys, AZ31, AZ61 and AZ91, were taken up as experimental materials and cylindrical billets with a diameter of 15 mm and a height of 20 mm were used for both resistance heating and forming experiments. Input heat control was applied to the billet heating and insertion of thin discs of austenitic stainless steel with a low thermal conductivity between the billet and copper electrodes was attempted in order to improve the efficiency of the billet heating. Results were summarized as follows. (1) Resistance heating by input heat control was successful to heat the billets to their respective mushy state. (2) Insertion of the discs was very helpful in heating the billets and realized the heating in a couple of seconds. (3) The force applied to the electrodes to ensure the electrical contacts being too small, sparks occurred and welds arose ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The experiment was carried out on a short rotation coppice culture of poplars (POP-EUROFACE, Central Italy), growing in a free air carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere (FACE). The specific objective of this work was to study whether elevated CO{sub 2} and fertilization (two CO{sub 2} treatments, elevated CO{sub 2} and control, two N fertilization treatments, fertilized and unfertilized), as well as the interaction between treatments caused an unbalanced nutritional status of leaves in three poplar species (P. x euramericana, P. nigra and P. alba). Finally, we discuss the ecological implications of a possible change in foliar nutrients concentration. CO{sub 2} enrichment reduced foliar nitrogen and increased the concentration of magnesium; whereas nitrogen fertilization had opposite effects on leaf nitrogen and magnesium concentrations. Moreover, the interaction between elevated CO{sub 2} and N fertilization amplified some element unbalances such ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Research highlights: ? Reports a high protection system for the alloy in corrosive environment. ? Describes an interfacial process with self-healing properties. ? Reports the influence of substrate pre-treatment in the coating performance. - Abstract: In this paper the interface of poly(vinylidene fluoride) coatings prepared by the dip coating method and HF-treated AZ31 magnesium alloy was evaluated. The best performance of this system in corrosion tests compared to ground, as-received and acetic acid cleaned substrates is related to an acid-base interaction at the interface and to interfacial reactions which resulted in a self-healing process. The protectiveness of the samples was investigated using impedance and immersion tests while the coating morphology and interface stability were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and adhesion tests.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

AZ31 magnesium alloy was friction-welded to AM60 and the microstructures and the friction welding process were studied. The microstructures changed near the weld interface. The AZ31 was refined to a grain size of several {mu}m near the weld interface. The nucleation occurred in the shear bands that were introduced during the welding process. On the other hand, the eutectic structure was deformed and the lamellar structure which was composed of {alpha}-Mg and Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} was formed near the weld interface in AM60 alloy. In the friction process, the adhesion and peel off occurred alternately between AZ31 and AM60. Eventually, bonding was completed during upset process. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of a twinned microstructure in hexagonal close-packed rolled magnesium compressed in the in-plane direction has been monitored in situ with neutron diffraction. The continuous conversion of the parent to daughter microstructure is tracked through the variation of diffraction peak intensities corresponding to each. Approximately 80% of the parent microstructure twins by 8% compression. Elastic lattice strain measurements indicate that the stress in the newly formed twins (daughters) is relaxed relative to the stress field in the surrounding matrix. However, since the daughters are in a plastically 'hard' deformation orientation, they quickly accumulate elastic strain as surrounding grains deform plastically. Polycrystal modeling of the deformation process provides insight about the crystallographic deformation mechanism involved.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grain refinement in AZ31 magnesium alloy has been attempted by hot-rolling and annealing process. Specimens were solution heat treated at 673 K for 36 ks, then hot-rolled at 423-773 K with total reduction of 20-80% by multi pass process. The rolled specimens were annealed at 473-673 K for 3.6 ks. Grain sizes after the solution heat treatment were about 20 to 150 {mu}m. After hot-rolling at 573 K and annealing at 473 K, grain sizes decreased into about 5 to 10 {mu}m. Suppression of grain growth by pinning due to precipitates was observed by transmission electron microscopic observations. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Since the beginning of the sixties, France has developed a fleet of nuclear powered vessels. Insofar as the ships of the 2. generation are being built, the older ones are decommissioned and enter the dismantling process. The average rate is presently one submarine decommissioned every two or three years. The overall strategy for the decommissioning of French nuclear submarines can be brought down to 3 phases: 1. Level 1 dismantling which essentially consists in: - unloading the spent fuel and storing it in a pool ; - possibly emptying the circuits which contain radioactive liquids. The level 1 is easily achieved, as it is not very different from the plant situation during ship overhaul or major refits. 2. Level 2 dismantling which consists in isolating the nuclear reactor compartment from the rest of the submarine and conditioning it for interim storage on a ground facility located inside Cherbourg Naval Dockyard. The rest of the ship is decontaminated, controlled and set for scrap ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The population doses and risks of stochastic effects from occupational exposures in Japan in 1978 were estimated on the basis of a nation-wide survey. The survey was conducted on annual collective dose equivalents by sex, age group and type of radiation work for about 82,500 workers other than the workers in nuclear power stations. The data on the workers in nuclear power stations were obtained from the offitial publication of the Japan Nuclear Safety Commission. The total number of workers except for nuclear power stations was estimated to be about 170,000 persons. Radiation works were subdivided as follows: medical works including dental; nondestructive inspectional; non-atomic energy industrial; research and educational; atomic energy industrial and nuclear power industrial. The annual collective dose equivalents were estimated to be about 6,000 man rem for medical workers, 450 ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Vacuolar ion channels in guard cells play important roles during stomatal movement and are regulated by many factors including Ca²⁺, calmodulin, protein kinases, and phosphatases....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background: Diet plays a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but little is known about the contributions of specific nutrients in populations in which dietary patterns...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

After being pre-plated a zinc layer, an amorphous Al-Mn alloy coating was applied onto the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy with a bath of molten salts. Then the corrosion performance of the coated magnesium alloy was examined in 3.5% NaCl solution by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the single Zn layer was active in the test solution with a high corrosion rate while the Al-Mn alloy coating could effectively protect AZ31B magnesium alloy from corrosion in the solution. The high corrosion resistance of Al-Mn alloy coating was ascribed to an intact and stable passive film formed on the coating. The performances of the passive film on Al-Mn alloy were further investigated by Mott-Schottky curve and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. It was confirmed that the passive film exhibited n-type semiconducting behavior in 3.5% NaCl solution with a ...

Science.gov (United States)

A laser spectrometer for the ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) titration of magnesium or calcium ions that is designed around a handheld laser pointer as the source and a photoresistor as the detector is developed. Findings show that the use of the spectrometer reduces the degree of uncertainty and error in one part of the EDTA titrations, however overall standard deviations depend on the skill of the student and their willingness to be careful and precise.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Preventing recurrence of surface mining accidents in the coal industry remains a top priority requiring constant vigilance and a substantial commitment from all involved in open pit mining operations. Open pit wall failures, loose rocks rolling down slopes, ground water and stockpiling procedures are common sources of risks in open cut coal operations. This video aims to equip workers with the necessary skills and knowledge to assess and react to the geomechanics hazards in open pit coal operations. Workers need to have the competencies to manage geomechanics hazards to facilitate their own and their workmates' safety. No matter how good the operating systems are, the first line of defence against accidents is the experience, skill and knowledge-based judgment of each individual mine worker. The video covers: Open pit coal mine risk management and geomechanical issues; Terminology, mining cycle, and explanation of ...

Science.gov (United States)

Potential exposure of workers to phosphide was examined during an in-depth industrial hygiene survey at the Bunge Corporation, in Kansas City, Kansas, where the gas was used as a grain fumigant. During the study, 14 men were employed at the facility. Tablets of aluminum phosphide were added to the grain mass for fumigation. General dilution ventilation resulted from outside air entering the work areas through ventilation louvers; there was also a local-exhaust ventilation system. Air samples revealed that, when the fumigant dispensers were being filled, workers in the area had significant exposure. At the time of the survey the relative humidity in the facility was high, permitting the reaction to phosphide to occur more readily. The levels of phosphide and respirable dust were reasonably low in the elevators, suggesting that the ventilation system was adequate. The author recommends that workers filling the dispenser with ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

As the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China has come to the forefront of public health attention, female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients (CFSWs) are becoming increasingly important to HIV/STI prevention efforts. This secondary analysis uses data abstracted from the Chinese Health and Family Life Survey 1999-2000 to report prevalence rates of two STIs as well as sexual risk behaviors for CFSWs - men who paid for sex with FSWs in the past 12 months - in comparison with men who had not patronized FSWs. Among 1879 Chinese CFSWs who completed anonymous interviews and urine testing, 152 (6.3%, weighted) said they had paid for sex in the past 12 months and 18.8% of CFSWs (weighted) tested positive for gonorrhea. CFSWs were 10 times more likely t...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tarapur Atomic Power Station unit-4 is first 540 MWe pressurized heavy water reactor. Heavy water is used as the coolant and moderator. With reactor operation tritium is formed by absorption of neutron by deuterium atoms. Experience in the 220 MWe indicates that tritium is main contributor to the internal dose of radiation workers. Study on tritium build up in Primary Heat Transport (PHT) and Moderator (MOD) system was carried out at the initial stage of the operation of the unit-4. This paper brings out tritium activity buildup in the PHT and MOD systems and its comparison with 220 MWe reactors. This paper helps in estimation of the internal dose contribution to the radiation workers at TAPS 3 and 4. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A study was made of employee exposure to oil sludge and vapors during oil-sludge removal and maintenance activities at the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company's Ballast Water Treatment Facility, Valdez, Alaska. Total hydrocarbons, except benzene, toluene, and xylene, showed concentrations from 371 to 1228mg/m3. Of eight maintenance workers, five reported headache, dizziness, or nausea when working without a respirator. The authors conclude that workers were potentially exposed to benzene vapors and total hydrocarbon vapors exceeding the evaluation criteria for these substances. The authors recommend the use of respiratory protection measures to reduce exposures during work operations.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The article deals with the effects of various hazardous materials in the working environment. Some of these may be detrimental to the safety and health of the worker. The absorption of hazardous substances by the human body is discussed, as well as the effects of toxic substances. The hazardous substances are classified into the following categories: irritants, asphyxiants, anaesthetics and narcotics, carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens, systemic poisons, hazardous particulate matter and the biotransformation of toxic substances. Examples of hazardous substances include: industrial solvents, fumes and vapours, lead, mercury and uranium.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effective half-life based on urine bioassay results of Wolsung NPP's worker was calculated. The effective half-life for tritiated water vapour obtained was 5 {approx} 9 days. In comparison to 10 days reported for ICRP-30, it is lower than the corresponding half-life for Reference Man. Also, the half-life was calculated based on intake amount of daily water. According to this result, the metabolism was reviewed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reports by U.S. workers on geodetic measurements of recent plate motions or crustal deformation published in 1987-1990 are reviewed. The review begins with global plate motions, proceeds through plate boundaries in California, Alaska, and the Pacific Northwest, and finishes with volcanic phenomena, monument stability and longevity, and GPS relative position measurements. 184 refs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundSouth Africa has a high tuberculosis (TB)-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection rate of 73%, yet only 46% of TB patients are tested for HIV. To date, relatively...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This work presents and describes the natural radioactive occurrence in oil facilities. The origins of the detected radioactivity and the reasons of its settlement are discussed. The measurements results carried out in oil facilities in the Neuquina basin (Argentine) are shown in this work. The aim is to describe the actual situation and to evaluate the magnitude of the problem. Finally, recommendations are proposed to protect the health of the workers, especially of those who carry out the cleaning of the equipment, and to guarantee an appropriate final disposal for the generated radioactive residuals. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

Suggests that knowledge work is a useful way of characterizing important changes in the nature of work across a range of different occupational and professional groups. Discusses the implications through a conflict-based analysis that highlights the inherent conflict between "knowing" as part of the work experience and "knowledge" as an economic commodity. (Author/CCM)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Summary20 years ago, in 1987, Edelson and co-workers published their first report on the effectiveness of a new procedure, called extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP), in patients...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS) is decommissioning many of its excess facilities through removal of the facility structures leaving only the concrete-slab foundations in place. Site-specific, risk-based derived concentration guideline levels (DCGLs) for radionuclides have been determined for a future industrial worker potentially exposed to residual contamination on these concrete slabs as described in Jannik. These risk-based DCGLs were estimated for an exposure area of 100 m2. During deactivation and decommissioning (D and D) operations at SRS, the need for area factors for larger and smaller contaminated areas arose. This paper compares the area factors determined for an industrial worker exposed to a concrete slab end-state for several radionuclides of concern at SRS with 1) the illustrative area factors provided in MARSSIM, 2) the area correction factors provided in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stearic acid gel is employed to study the phase evolution of MgTiO{sub 3} nanoparticles by thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared. During the preparation of stearic acid gel, tetrabutyl titanate easily absorbed moisture to hydrolyze into Ti(OH){sub 4} firstly, and then reacts with stearic acid and magnesium stearate to form magnesium-titanium oxide network polymer gel, meanwhile n-butanol is generated. When stearic acid gel is calcined in air, a series of oxidation and combustion reactions occur, meanwhile apparent heat is given off. The results show that a metastable intermediate phase Mg{sub 2}TiO{sub 4} is generated at 450 {sup o}C and nearly disappeared at 550 {sup o}C. Simultaneously, a new solid phase of MgTiO{sub 3} appears. The metastable intermediate phase Mg{sub 2}TiO{sub 4} is successfully identified in the current work.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study, isothermal torsion tests were carried out on magnesium AZ31B alloy under constant strain rate conditions, in the range of 250 to 400 C at 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 s{sup -1}. Alloy flow stress dependence on strain rate and temperature can be described by a power law with activation energy of 130 kJ/mol. Microstructural examination of hot deformed samples shows very fine recrystallized grains decorating grain boundaries of larger gains in the form of a necklace. These fine grains are produced by dynamic recrystallization at the grain boundaries of original grains. Microstructure evolution, based on samples quenched at different strain levels, indicates that increasing deformation strain has little effect on recrystallized grain size but widens the recrystallized region, with full recrystallization achieved at a certain high strain level. Recrystallized grain size increases with increasing deformation temperature and strain rate. The latter suggests ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The tensile and compressive properties as well as LCF and HCF performance of the extruded magnesium alloys AZ31 and AZ80 were determined in extrusion (L) and long-transverse (T) directions. Owing to marked crystallographic textures, both alloys showed pronounced directional mechanical properties in monotonic as well as cyclic loading with strength values in L-direction being significantly superior to those in T-direction. Thermomechanical treatments such as pressing, swaging and rolling were found to increase yield stresses and HCF strengths and to alter the directionality in properties due to textural modifications. To further improve HCF strengths, mechanical surface treatments such as shot peening, roller-burnishing and deep rolling were utilized. The results indicate marked improvements provided that suitable process parameters are used. The improvement of the HCF strengths is explained by the process-induced changes in near-surface dislocation densities and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Three kinds of thin AZ31 wrought magnesium alloys sheets were used in order to investigate the influence of the second phase particles on fracture toughness. From the theoretical model, the ratio of {lambda}{sub p}/d{sub p} would be estimated 5 {proportional_to} 6. On the other hand, from the microstructural observation, average particle spacing on each material was sample A: 13.1 {mu}m, sample B: 14.1, and sample C: 12 {mu}. In addition, average particle size on each sample was sample A: 2.1, sample B: 1.9, and sample C: 2.3 {mu}m. Therefore, the ratio of {lambda}{sub p}/d{sub p} calculated from fracture surface observation would be predicted 6 {proportional_to} 7. In comparison with the result of the prediction by theoretical analysis was in good agreement with the result of fracture toughness observation. It was found that the variation in plane-strain fracture toughness on AZ31 were affected by both of particle spacing and particle size. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The deformation behavior and structure changes of magnesium alloy AZ31 were studied in compression at temperatures ranging from 523 K to 673 K and at a strain rate of 3 x 10{sup -3} s{sup -1}. They depend sensitively on deformation temperature. At high temperatures, grain fragmentation takes place due to frequent formation of kink bands initially at corrugated grain boundaries and then in grain interiors, followed by full development of new grains in high strain. At lower temperatures, in contrast, twinning takes place in rather coarse grains and kink bands are formed mainly in finer original ones in low strain. It is concluded that new grain evolution can be controlled by a deformation-induced continuous reaction resulting in grain fragmentation by kink bands, i.e. continuous dynamic recrystallization (cDRX). The latter is discussed comparing with conventional, i.e. discontinuous, DRX. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of ammonia treatment in field natural rubber (NR) latex with different storage period time on the properties of concentrated NR latex and stability of skim latex was investigated. Fresh NR latex was treated with various ammonia contents such as 0.35, 0.60 and 0.80% w/w, and then they were centrifuged to get the concentrated NR latex with 60% dry rubber content (DRC) containing 0.16, 0.18 and 0.25% w/w, respectively and skim NR latex with roughly 5% DRC containing 0.42, 0.60 and 0.80% w/w, respectively. The effect of storage times with ?0, 15, 30 and 45 days for concentrated NR latex with different ammonia contents on their properties such as alkalinity, magnesium content and viscosity was observed. It was found that generally, magnesium content in field NR latex and latex...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The mechanical behaviour of wrought magnesium alloy AZ31 has been characterised by tensile testing at room temperature. Tests were carried out at various strain rates between 0.00003 s{sup -1} and 0.01 s{sup -1} on material which had been extruded to a bar of approximately 6 mm thick, and 80 mm wide. Specimens were machined from three orientations relative to the extrusion direction: parallel, perpendicular, and 45 from the extrusion direction. Significant variations of the properties were observed depending on the extrusion orientation and strain rate. At all strain rates the yield stress declined as the test orientation was rotated away from the extrusion direction. Parallel to the extrusion direction, the yield stress was found to increases markedly with increasing strain rate, whereas at 45 and 90 a lesser influence of strain rate was observed. The work hardening exponent was also influenced by the test orientation. Metallographic studies revealed a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mg-3%Al-1%Zn (AZ31) alloy was subjected to ECAE processing at 523 and 573 K. Microstructure observation and texture analysis were carried out using optical microscope and SEM-EBSD technique in order to investigate the process of microstructural changes including texture development during ECAE processing. Grain refinement during ECAE processing is enhanced by dynamic continuous recrystallization. The texture of the ECAE-processed AZ31 alloy specimens change with ECAE processing temperature, and the textural changes relate to deformation mechanisms that change with ECAE processing temperature. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A number of herbal drugs are used in the Unani (Greco-Arab) System of Medicine for cardiovascular diseases. The herbs were analyzed by flame AAS and ICP-AES to determine if their therapeutic actions can be associated with the elements present in them. Cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, phosphorus, lead and zinc were some of the elements which play various roles in cardiovascular affections. An effort was made to correlate the role of these elements in cardiac diseases. (Auth.). 2 tabs., 32 refs.

Science.gov (United States)

The availability of technology for reducing SO2 emissions from coal-fired steam generators using flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems is discussed. Foreign and domestic lime, limestone, double alkali, magnesium slurry, and Wellman-Lord FGD systems are described, and the design parameters and operating experiences are discussed. Steps that have been taken to achieve high system operability are discussed. Also, disposal of FGD system wastes is discussed briefly.

Science.gov (United States)

Continuous wave lasing operation with the shortest wavelength for semiconductor lasers was obtained from AlGaInP double heterostructure lasers at 77 K. The structure was grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Lasing wavelength was 583.6 nm (yellow). Threshold current was 43 mA (1.9 kA/cm/sup 2/). Magnesium was adopted as a p-type dopant, and was proved to be preferable for a high aluminum composition AlGaInP cladding layer.

Science.gov (United States)

The adsorption properties of four samples of ..cap alpha..-BN were studied by means of gas chromatography. The particles of ..cap alpha..-BN particles, according to data obtained by electron microscopy, have the shape of thin platelets. A sample of ..cap alpha..-BN prepared from magnesium polyboride was found to be the most nearly homogeneous adsorbent. For a number of n-alkanes, benzene, and alkylbenzenes, data have been obtained on the retention volumes (Henry constants) and the differential heats of adsorption for surface coverages approaching zero. These thermodynamic data on the adsorption showed that ..cap alpha..-BN, like graphitized thermal carbon black, is a nonspecific adsorbent.

Science.gov (United States)

The interaction between N-donor adsorbates such as ammonia and pyridine with Cu(II)-exchanged montmorillonite, beidellite, flourohectorite into smectite clays has been studied by electron spin resonance. Cu(II) cations exchanged into smectites coordinate five ammonia or pyridine molecules in beidellite, four ammonia of pyridine molecules in hydroxyhectorite. Thus, the Cu(II) cations bound to the interior surfaces of these smectite clays constitute strong Lewis acid sites. 26 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study, the results of atmospheric radon measurements that were performed for the Amasra underground coal mine in Zonguldak bituminous coal basin (Turkey) are presented. The radon measurements were performed for 40 days between November 2004 and December 2004 using passive nuclear etched track detectors. The radon concentrations vary from a minimum value 49 Bq m{sup -3} in a site located at +40 m to a maximum value 223 Bq m{sup -3} in a site located at -100 m. Mean concentration is 117 (Bq m{sup -3}). This value is well below the action level of 500-1500 Bq m{sup -3} recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) (1993). The mean effective dose value for workers of this mine of 3.4 {mu} Sv per day was obtained. This result shows that protection against radiological hazards would not be necessary for workers of this mine.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Although hearing loss has been the focus of national surveys in the civilian population, these surveys typically do not include occupational exposure information. Furthermore, very few studies have addressed this problem in the military, particularly in industrial settings. Audiometric data, including hearing loss information, recorded and stored in the prototype application of the Navy's Occupational Health Information Management System (NOHIMS) has not been systematically evaluated to identify military and civilian populations that are at high risk for hearing loss. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in a cohort of Navy civilian workers employed at an industrialized facility. It is both appropriate and timely to look at hearing loss among civilian workers, as well as among the military, especially in relation to the recent Presidential initiative that established a government-wide five year ...

Wastenet

... Radiation Protection Products and Equipment Find and compare a variety of radiation protection products and equipment on the world's largest environmental industry portal. View product ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This text-book (electronic book - multi-media CD-ROM) constitutes a course-book - author's collection of lectures. It consists of 13 lectures in which the reader acquaints with the basis of radiobiology: Introduction to radiobiology; Physical fundamentals of radiobiology; Radiation of cells; Modification of radiation damage of cells; Reparation of radiation damage of cells; Radiation syndromes and their modification; Radiation injury; Radiation damage of tissues; Effect of radiation on embryo and fetus; Biological effects of incorporated radionuclides; Therapy of acute irradiation sickness; Delayed consequences of irradiation; Radiation oncology and radiotherapy. This course-book may be interesting for students, post-graduate students of chemistry, biology, physics, medicine as well as for teachers, scientific workers and physicians. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tritium removal from tritiated heavy water in a PHWR is the most effective way in reducing workers` internal dose and radioactivity emissions from Wolsong NPP. The optimum design of the Wolsung TRF(Tritium Removal Facility) was carried out using an approximate short-cut method with an assumption that the TRF, designed to extract 8 MCi per year of elemental tritium from a heavy water feedstream, uses Liquid Phase Catalytic Exchange (LPCE) front-end process and Cryogenic Distillation (CD) process. 19 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cesium-137 has contaminated a large area of the wetlands on the Savannah River Site. Remediation of the contaminated wetlands is problematic because current techniques destroy the sensitive ecosystem and generate a higher dose to workers. To address this problem, we proposed a non-trusive, in situ technology to sequester 137Cs in sediments. One intention of this study was to provide information regarding a go/no go decision for future work. Since the proof-of-concept was successful and several minerals were identified as potential candidates for this technology, a go decision was made.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An estimate of the tritium dose to the public in the vicinity of the heavy water research reactor facility at AECL-Chalk River Laboratories, Ontario, Canada, has largely been accomplished from analyses on regularly-collected samples of air, precipitation, drinking water and foodstuffs (pasture, fruit, vegetables and milk) and environmental dose models. To increase the confidence with which public doses are calculated, tritium doses were estimated directly from the ratio of tritiated species in urine samples from members of the general public. Single cumulative 24 h urine samples from a few adults living in the vicinity of the heavy-water research reactor facility at Chalk River Laboratories, Canada were collected and analysed for tritiated water and organically bound tritium. The participants were from Ottawa (200 km east), Deep River (10 km west) and Chalk River Laboratories. Tritiated water concentrations in urine ranged from 6.5 Bq.l{sup -1} for the Ottawa resident to 15.9 Bq.l{sup ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence method with a Si/Li semiconductor detector and "2"3"8Pu exciting source was used in the study of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb content of solid emissions, raw and final materials of a brick factory. From the point of view of metal content, the working environment if the brick factory is safe for workers. (author) 2 refs.; 2 figs.; 1 tab.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The bibliography contains citations concerning the properties, industrial uses and federal regulation of asbestos. The references explore advantages and disadvantages associated with use of industrial robots in areas containing high concentrations of asbestos dust, the use of water as a cutting tool to control the generation of asbestos dust, and governmental policies and attitudes relative to the health and welfare of workers subjected to asbestos. Thermal insulation properties, wear characteristics, high temperature capabilities, use as a reinforcement in composite materials, and asbestos substitutes are included. (Contains a minimum of 69 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The current state and need for radiation protection training in Finland have been surveyed by the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority STUK. The survey sought to determine whether the current requirements for radiation protection training had been met, and to promote radiation protection training. Details of the scope and quality of present radiation protection training were requested from all educational institutes and organizations providing radiation protection training. The survey covered both basic and further training, special training of radiation safety officers, and supplementary training. The questionnaire was sent to 77 educational organization units, 66 per cent of which responded. Radiation workers and radiation safety officers were asked about radiation protection knowledge and needs for additional training. The questionnaire was sent to 880 radiation users and 170 radiation safety officers, 70 per cent of whom responded. The survey covered all ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

According to ICRP 60 and European-Directive 96/29, Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and Technical Enriched Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) have to take the radiation protection of the general population as well as of workers into account. The German radiation protection regulations stress that particularly. In connection with these regulations, various measurement programs have been and still are performed to investigate the relevant exposure paths. One of these programs is the determination of the intake of natural occurring radionuclides of the uranium decay series in individuals of the public, in exposed regions and houses and also at NORM workplaces by excretion analysis. Excretion analysis surveillance is one of the common tools for internal dosimetry. Sources of primordial radionuclides could be the ingestion of foodstuff and water and the incorporation of (mostly airborne) pollution on work places. The main focus in this ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Depletion of stratospheric ozone increases irradiance of terrestrial ultraviolet (UV) radiation at short wavelengths, which may be harmful to the human health. To understand quantitatively the risks caused by increasing UV radiation to the Finnish population, the actual UV exposure of the population has to be assessed. It was shown that the snow reflection increases the UV exposure to the face and eyes particularly in the northern Finland. In 1993 exceptionally low ozone levels persisted up to the end of May, which resulted in a theoretical increase in the annual UV dose ranging from 8 % to 13 % in Finland. The maximal increase in the measured erythemally effective dose rate was 34 % on 23 April, when compared with the theoretical normal value. During this study exposure models have been developed. The models have been combined them with Green`s radiation transfer model to estimate annual facial UV doses received by different groups of Finnish population. Also, an updated estimate for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heat capacities and densities of aqueous MgCl/sub 2/, CaCl/sub 2/, and SrCl/sub 2/ from the accompanying paper are combined with literature data up to 473 K to yield temperature-dependent equations by using the ion-interaction model of Pitzer. These heat capacity equations have been integrated to yield the enthalpy and the Gibbs energy. The enthalpy parameters for 298 K are evaluated in separate calculations using published high-temperature osmotic data as well as heats of dilution, while the Gibbs energy parameters for 298 K are taken from the literature. The range of validity of the final equations is described.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

By means of the light microscopy and by the measurement of the mechanical properties one investigated into the phase composition and the properties of Al-Mg-Ce and Al-Mg-Y system alloys. One plotted the isothermal cross sections of the mentioned systems under 430 and 275 deg C temperatures at up to 16% magnesium concentration and up to 0.7% yttrium concentration. One determined the yield limit and strength, the relative elongation of Al-Mg base hardened and deformed alloys containing 7.0-9.9% Mg and Ce, Y, Mn, Zr dopes upon ageing under 175, 200, 250 and 300 deg C temperatures within the ageing time ensuring the hardening maximum effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The article gives results of pilot-plant tests to evaluate sodium thiosulfate as an oxidation-inhibition additive in five lime/limestone slurry flue-gas desulfurization processes. It was found that the oxidation rate of absorbed SO/sub 2/ was reduced by more than 50% in the presence of 100-200 ppm of thiosulfate ion in the scrubbing slurry. Calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) scaling was eliminated and the unsaturated (with respect to gypsum) operation mode was maintained by the addition of sodium thiosulfate. Other benefits of sodium thiosulfate addition observed at the pilot plant included improvement in solids dewatering properties for limestone processes and improvement in SO/sub 2/ removal efficiency for magnesium-enhanced lime/limestone processes.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This pilot project was carried out for the purpose of testing methods for active biological monitoring. It covered a period of three years (until September 1994), including two years of exposure. The measurements served to determine pollutant levels in plants used as animal fodder and dust-borne heavy metal concentrations in different sites and, on this basis, to obtain indirect information on human exposure. Among others, the pilot project investigated the suitability of Italian rye-grass as a biological indicator for aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, magnesium, manganese, nickel, lead, platinum, antimony, titanium, and zinc. (orig./GL).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Mineral carbonation is based on the reaction of carbon dioxide with metal-oxide bearing minerals, usually containing magnesium or calcium silicate, to form hardly soluble carbonates and other solid byproducts. The concept is based on acceleration of the naturally occurring rock weathering process. In the present work the calcium silicate is present in the mineral, wollastonite. To accelerate the process and make it potentially useful for practical applications, mineral carbonation is conducted here using an indirect two-step route in which the reactive component (Ca^2^+ ions in considered case) is first extracted from the mineral matrix and afterwards carbonated. Two solid byproducts are formed in this process: silica in the extraction step and calcium carbonate in the carbonation step. In...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

AM-SC1 is a heat treatable magnesium alloy that has been specifically developed to achieve the elevated temperature strength and creep properties necessary for engine block applications. This paper describes the interrelationship between the microstructure and the mechanical properties of AM-SC1. The compressive and tensile strengths are relatively insensitive to temperature up to and including 450 K and the tensile yield behaviour deviates from a standard Hall-Petch relationship at grain sizes below 200 ?m. The microstructural features contributing to the creep resistance are both inter- and intra-granular in nature and are on length scales from nanometers to micrometers. The creep behaviour at 423 K and 450 K is diffusion controlled, with any contribution from the grain boundaries being negligible.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Materials for the construction of cold neutron sources must satisfy a range of demands. The cryogenic temperature and irradiation create a severe environment. Candidate materials are identified and existing cold sources are briefly surveyed to determine which materials may be used. Aluminum- and magnesium-based alloys are the preferred materials. Existing data for the effects of cryogenic temperature and near-ambient irradiation on the mechanical properties of these alloys are briefly reviewed, and the very limited information on the effects of cryogenic irradiation are outlined. Generating mechanical property data under cold source operating conditions is a daunting prospect. It is clear that the cold source material will be degraded by neutron irradiation, and so the cold source must be designed as a brittle vessel. The continued effective operation of many different cold sources at a number of reactors makes it clear that this can be accomplished. 46 refs., 8 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the present study, element interdiffusions at the cofired interface of 9/1 Ag/Pd electrode and lead magnesium niobate (PMN)-based ferroelectrics were investigated using Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). Intense interdiffusions at the interface were observed while Ag and Pd could penetrate into the ceramics for about 1 {mu}m. Ag-doping experiments were carried out to further study the effects of Ag diffusion on electrical properties of the ceramics. The results showed that Ag could be incorporated into solid solution of the ceramics as Ag{sup +}. As a whole, the Curie temperature (Tc) and dielectric constant of the ceramics decreased with Ag addition. However, Ag addition had no obvious effect on the insulation resistivity. The results inferred that Ag{sup +} could substitute for Pb{sup 2+} at A site of ABO{sub 3} lattice, thereby oxygen vacancies were generated.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Commercial rolled magnesium sheets of alloys AZ31 (Mg-3 mass%Al-1 mass%Zn) and ZE10 (Mg-1 mass% Zn-<1 mass% Rare Earths) in O-temper condition were used for blanking experiments near room temperature. A serrated fracture surface can be observed in case of AZ31 but not in case of ZE10. During the shearing process of the AZ31 sheet, many micro cracks parallel to the sheet plane are generated in the shearing zone. These micro cracks lead to the formation of loose particles during the shearing operation, which interfere with further processing of the part and incur additional costs by increasing the scrap rate. It is found that the strong basal texture of this alloy is an important reason for the generation of such serrated cracks. In this paper a new method of selective texture modification i...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fractionation of isotopes of the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals in ion exchange chromatography of their chlorides was studied. The heavier isotopes of potassium and rubidium were found to be preferentially fractionated into the ion exchanger phase while the lighter isotopes of lithium, magnesium, calcium and strontium were enriched in the exchanger phase. This can be interpreted as a resultant of the relative significance of isotope effect upon dehydration and isotope effect accompanying the phase change of the hydrated metal ion. Found was no evidence of anomalous isotope effect attributable to the odd-even difference in mass number of isotopes. Based on the spectroscopic and solution chemical data (experimental and theoretical), the isotopic reduced partition function ratios of the hydrated alkaline metal ions and stretching force constants of metal ion-hydrating water bonds were estimated. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The structure and catalytic properties of 2 wt.-% Pd/SiO/sub 2/ catalysts promoted with 2 wt.-% MgO and 0.2-5 wt.-% iron have been investigated. Catalysts were characterized by TPR, hydrogen chemisorption, and Moessbauer spectroscopy and their catalytic performance in methanol formation was also measured. At 16 at.-% iron a sharp maximum was observed in the activity which can be interpreted as being due to simultaneous promotion with iron and MgO. Independent mechanisms of promotion were found for the two modifiers: iron influenced the metallic component by forming bimetallic PdFe particles while MgO changed the properties of silica in a favourable way. 6 figs., 29 refs., 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The synthesis, characterization, and some analytical applications of a new triazine resin are described. Separation of group IB, IIB, VIB, and VIIB metal ions from group VIII metal ions is achieved by this PDT-4 resin. Calcium(II) and magnesium(II) are taken up at pH = 6, 0.1 M acetate and are eluted at pH = 6, 0.1 M sodium nitrate. Copper(II) is retained at pH = 6, 0.1 M acetate and pH = 1 hydrochloric acid and is eluted subsequently by 5 M perchloric acid. Molybdenum(VI) is sorbed selectively from 0.1 N sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid and is eluted in a tight band by 0.1 N sodium hydroxide. Numerous rapid column chromatographic separations are reported using this new resin, including analysis of NBS standard samples.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Effects of ions of Group IA, IIA, IIIB, and VIIB elements on the cathodic deposition of a molybdenum were investigated in a KCl-LiCl (eutectic)-MoCl/sub 3/ molten salt at 773 K (500/degree/C). The results can be summarized as follows: The addition of potassium, rubidium, cesium, and barium cations and fluorine anions to the KCl-LiCl (eutectic)-MoCl/sub 3/ molten salt is effective in depressing the cathodic deposition of the molybdenum subchloride, which hinders the smooth, flat electrodeposition of molybdenum. The addition of lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and aluminum cations and bromine and iodine anions promotes the undesirable cathodic deposition of the molybdenum subchloride.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Figure 4. Production Flowsheets based on Purification of Yellow Cake

CERN Document Server

Lithography Production Techniques for next Generations of Microelectronics

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Production of High-Purity (>99.99% wt.) Condensed Beryllium

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development, Investigation and Improvement of a System of Incinerating Crop Production Wastes in Small Capacity Boilers

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development of Technologies for Boron-10 Isotope Modified Boron-containing Materials Production and their Properties Investigation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adsorpt1on of CH[sub 4] and coadsorption of CH[sub 4] and CO on differently treated magnesium oxide have been studied by FT-IR spectroscopy at 173-273 K. Five IR bands at 3008, 3000, 2900, 2890, and approximately 1306 cm[sup [minus]1] were observed when well-outgassed MgO was exposed to CH[sub 4] at 173 K. The bands at 3008 and 3000 cm[sup [minus]1] are assigned to a degenerate stretch vibration of CH[sub 4], and those at 2900 and 2890 cm[sup [minus]1] originate from an infrared-forbidden mode at 2917 cm[sup [minus]1] of free CH[sub 4]. These bands became noticeably stronger with the outgassing temperature of MgO but could be sufficiently reduced as MgO was pretreated in air or under water vapor. Adsorbed CO on MgO gives two IR bands at 2161 and 2155 cm[sup [minus]1] which exhibit a parallel variation with those bands of adsorbed CH[sub 4] with the different pretreatments of MgO. Coadsorption of CH[sub 4] and CO indicated that adsorbed CO can deplete part of the ...

Wastenet

... Waste Collection Systems Products and Equipment Find and compare a variety of waste collection systems products and equipment on the world's largest environmental industry portal. View product ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The author says ''barehand'' methods, where specially trained utility workers are called in conductive suits to equalize voltage over their bodies, to maintain high-voltage transmission lines are on the rise. Utilities are building lines at higher voltages and selling more power to other utilities, making it highly inconvenient to take the lines out of service. However, some unions view the barehand work with less than enthusiasm. Touching lines energized at hundreds of thousands of volts demands flawless equipment and rigid work procedures followed to the letter. Some local unions contend that adequate safety procedures and training, and appropriate penalties for workplace negligence, should be in place before utilities may do barehand work. The author discusses some of the methods of barehand work and the equipment used, i.e. steel-mesh lineman's suit, bucket truck's boom, helicopters, and robots.

Science.gov (United States)

We investigated the association between biomarkers of dermal exposure, naphthyl-keratin adducts (NKA), and urine naphthalene biomarker levels in 105 workers routinely exposed to jet-fuel. A moderate correlation was observed between NKA and urine naphthalene levels (p?=?0.061). The NKA, post-exposure breath naphthalene, and male gender were associated with an increase, while CYP2E1*6 DD and GSTT1-plus (++/+-) genotypes were associated with a decrease in urine naphthalene level (p?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The results of radon concentration measurements inside of the Gabriel caves of Mexico, during three consecutive two-month periods covering almost three seasons, are reported in the present work. The radio-ecological importance of this site is related to the radon and its concentration-dynamic behavior in the cave. Further interest in radiation safety motivated this initiative since routine biological field work is done, with people spending long periods of time there. CR-39 passive nuclear track detector was chosen for this survey. Radon concentration levels decrease during the rainy season and show different values depending on the ventilation and geometeorological structure. Measured values range between 956 and 4931Bqm{sup -3}, an indication that radon doses may exceed the allowed values for workers. This project is part of a larger study of indoor radon alpha emitters in Mexican caves.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Recent research findings of epidemiologist Alice Stewart suggest that nuclear workers may be at risk of contracting cancer even though their measured occupational doses fall within current safety standards. It is argued that these standards are inappropriate as they are based on extrapolations of studies on survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki explosions. These individuals received single doses of radiation, whereas today's nuclear industry personnel are exposed to low-level ionizing radiation over the length of their working lives. Stewart's team linked low dose occupational exposure to ionizing radiation with an increased risk of cancer in respiratory, digestive and blood-forming tissues. The nuclear industry and United States government agencies hotly contest these assertion with their potentially damaging political and economic consequences. (UK).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The decommissioning of the Sodium Reactor Experiment is essentially complete. Contaminated materials, equipment, and soil were removed, decreasing the residual radioactivity to levels acceptable for future unrestricted use of the site. The fuel was removed and declad, tooling and techniques to support the decommissioning were developed, bulk sodium and residual sodium films were removed, coolant systems were dismantled, the reactor vessel was dissected, the interior surfaces of the facilities were decontaminated, and waste materials were packaged and shipped to burial sites. Radiation exposure to workers and the public was within the guidelines and as low as reasonably achievable. In performing the project, new decontamination techniques were tested, decontamination equipment was evaluated, and waste disposal methods were developed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Long term indoor radon gas measurements using a passive monitor were conducted in the basement rooms of five hospitals, which are built in the Tokyo metropolitan area. The ventilation rate averaged over all hospital was 12.3 air change per hour (ACH). The highest radon concentration was 56.3 Bq/m"3. The value averaged concentration over all hospital and all season was 20 Bq/m"3. But the average of the two hospitals were twice as high as those of three others. Since the total ventilation rate integrated over a day is not different much, the reason of the concentration difference is considered to be the difference in radon emission rate from concrete wall and soil of the each hospital. Though we inquired workers about 'Environmental complaints', it do not show the direct relation between radon and environmental complaints. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The OSHA's chemical occupational exposure standard for laboratories is an outgrowth of the previously issued Hazard Communication Standard. The standard relieves laboratories from complying with general industry standards but does not require compliance with specific guidelines. The heart of the standard is the creation of a Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) in every laboratory. The CHP addresses major issues such as safety equipment and procedures, work practices and training, the designation of a chemical hygiene officer, and the provision of medical consultation and examination for affected employees. This new standard, in effect as of 31 January, 1991, presents yet another regulatory challenge to laboratory managers but also will ensure a safer work environment for laboratory workers.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has funded major environmental technology developments over the past several years. One area that received significant attention is robotics, which has resulted in the development of a wide range of unique robotic systems tailored to the many tasks unique to the DOE complex. These systems are often used in highly hazardous environments, which reduces or eliminates worker exposures. The DOE, concurrent with the technology development initiative, also established and funded a 5-yr cooperative agreement intended to interface with the technology development community-with specific attention to the occupational safety and health aspects associated with individual technologies through human factors and hazard assessments. This program is now in its third year.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The main objectives of research in the field of health effects at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN are: (1) to study cancer mortality and morbidity in nuclear workers in Belgium; (2) to document the feasibility of retrospective cohort studies in Belgium; (3) to participate in the IARC study; (4) to elucidate the mechanisms of the effects of ionizing radiation on the mammalian embryo during the early phases of its development; (5) to assess the genetic risks of material exposure to ionizing radiation; (6) to elucidate the cellular mechanisms leading to brain damage after prenatal irradiation; (7) to advise authorities and to provide the general population with adequate information concerning the health risk arising from radiation exposure. Progress and major achievements in these topical areas for 1997 are reported.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Metal machining facilities pose interesting design problems. This article provides an overview of key environmental control considerations and ways to deal with them. Machine shops offer a variety of environmental control challenges to mechanical engineers. Among the design problems that must be considered include: whether to provide space heating only or year-round air conditioning; temperature and relative humidity requirements; air cleanliness; exhaust air requirements; the type of HVAC system to be used; industrial waste and plumbing considerations; compressed air needs; and noise control. In addition, the designer must comply with worker health and safety and environmental protection regulations set forth by the National Institute of Safety and Health (NIOSH), OSHA, and EPA, as well as with any applicable state and local requirements.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Validity of fern spore germination bioassays for the effects of environmental pollution was established by many researchers. Some workers studied the phytotoxicity of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) on the spores of Diplazium esculentum and observed that LAS levels above 0.001% are toxic to fern spores. Water pollution due to synthetic detergents has been increasing continuously during the last few years due to their extensive use in domestic life, agriculture and industry. These detergents are among the most common pollutants responsible for water pollution. In view of this fact, the phytotoxicity of LAS on germination of an aquatic fern Ceratopteris thalictroides spores was studied. However, in these studies, only germination pattern was taken as index and no observations were made on the developmental stages.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ulrich in the forward to the Zenger and Folkman (2002) book, ''The Extraordinary Leader'', wrote about the importance of character in leadership stating, ''Everything about great leaders radiates from character. Character improves the probability of exhibiting strong interpersonal skill. Some of this perceived character is innate . . . but more is driven by the leader's self-awareness and interactions with others'' (p. ix). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between leadership effectiveness and character using leader-managers of knowledge workers as the subject sample. Findings indicated that character, particularly those factors associated with honesty, setting the example, and valuing and strengthening others, were what set the most effective leader-managers apart from their peers. Technical competence and self-efficacy were found to be common characteristics ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

On March 31, 1995, the US Department of Energy filed a draft application for certification of compliance with the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to show the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant's compliance with the USEPA's environmental standards, making the application the first of its kind. Demonstration of compliance is by performance assessment. This paper is an early review of the performance assessment in the draft application, by the Environmental Evaluation Group, an oversight group. The performance assessment in the draft application is incomplete. Not all relevant scenarios have been analyzed. The calculation of potential consequences often does not use experimental data but rather estimates by workers developing additional data. The final compliance application, scheduled for October 1996 needs to consider additional scenarios, and be fully based on experimental data.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fusion device produces high-level neutrons and #gamma#-rays, which would hazard the safety of the public and workers if the doses would be higher than the regulatory limits because of leakage from the bio-shielding and skyshine. It is essential to monitor the radiation doses in the workshop and the enumerative around fusion devices. A radiation monitoring system (RMS) for full (near and far) areas around a nuclear fusion device has been designed and developed, which can achieve the monitoring and controlling of radiation doses in the workshop area by using the Controller Area Network (CAN), in the institution area by using the Bluetooth Ad hoc network based on a new tree topology formation and routing protocol and in a long range environment by using the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Medline Plus

... Animal & Veterinary Cosmetics Radiation-Emitting Products Tobacco Products Drugs Home > Drugs > Resources for You > Information for Consumers (Drugs) Section ...

Science.gov (United States)

... displays land designated as Tentatively Suitable Land For Timber Production for the Forest Plan....

Wastenet

...Extraction Arms Products and Equipment Find and compare a variety of extraction arms products and equipment on the world's largest environmental industry portal. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.