Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two extruded magnesium alloys, AZ31 and AZ61 were selected to evaluate the influence of process parameters on the material forgeability. The processing parameters considered for forging magnesium alloys were: compression load in the range 55 KN to 60 KN and forging temperature, in the range of ambient temperature to 300 C. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to establish the strain-temperature relationship. The influences of process parameters on the microstructure were also evaluated. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pilot plant tests have been conducted to evaluate sodium thiosulfate as an oxidation inhibition additive in five lime/limestone slurry flue gas desulfurization processes. It was found that the oxidation rate of absorbed sulfur dioxide (SO)/sub 2/ was reduced by more than 50 percent in the presence of 100 to 200 ppm of thiosulfate ion in the scrubbing slurry. Calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) scaling was eliminated and the unsaturated (with respect to gypsum) operation mode was maintained by the addition of sodium thiosulfate. Other benefits of sodium thiosulfate addition observed at the pilot plant included improvement in solids dewatering properties for limestone processes and improvement in SO/sub 2/ removal efficiency for magnesium-enhanced lime/limestone processes.

Science.gov (United States)

Ion implantation has been applied to magnesium-doped Al[sub 0.5]In[sub 0.5]P to produce high resistivity regions for the first time. Hydrogen, oxygen, and argon ions were implanted at a base dose ranging from 5[times]10[sup 12] to 5[times]10[sup 14] cm[sup [minus]2] and annealed from 400 to 900 [degree]C. Hydrogen did not appreciably compensate the In[sub 0.5]Al[sub 0.5]P layer while oxygen and argon produced sheet resistances up to 1[times]10[sup 9] [Omega]/[open square]. After annealing at 800 [degree]C, regions with high dose oxygen implants maintained a sheet resistance above 1[times]10[sup 7] [Omega]/[open square], while regions with high dose argon implants recovered most of the unimplanted conductivity.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnesium is known to have poor formability at room temperature, mainly attributed to its hexagonal lattice structure. This paper presents the findings generated from development of warm forming to produce thin-walled magnesium components. Finite element analysis was conducted to evaluate the formability of the material and the simulated results were compared to the tensile results and product formability. Tensile tests were used to verify the formability of the sheet metal at difference temperatures. The process parameters considered in the feasibility study were forming temperature, in the range of 28 C to 300 C and magnesium sheet (AZ31B-H24) thickness, in the range of 0.4 mm to 1 mm. Magnesium hand phone covers of a thickness down to 0.4 mm have been successfully produced. The feasible forming temperature was found to be between 200 C and 250 C. Metallographic examination shows ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We conduct the static and dynamic loading fracture experiments on magnesium alloy (AZ31B) under the equitable and inequitable biaxial stress. We process specimens as cross type with cracks. There are different kinds of cracks defined by their crack angles. By using a hydraulic high-speed biaxial experiment machine, we put the equitable and inequitable stresses on the specimen. We analyze results using the caustic method. The experiments reveal a few important results. There is negative correlation between the fracture toughness value and the plate thickness in the magnesium alloy sheet specimen. The fracture toughness value decrease in the case the crack has the angle different from the loading direction. The fracture toughness value decreases significantly under the inequitable biaxial stress. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hybrid organic-inorganic coatings with phosphonate functionalities have been synthesized and evaluated as prospective surface treatments for magnesium materials. These coatings have been processed via a sol-gel route by hydrolysis and condensation of a mixture of diethylphosphonatoethyltriethoxy-silane and tetraethoxy-silane with variable molar ratios. The coatings morphology and the surface chemistry at the coating/substrate interface have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, "3"1P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The corrosion protection performance of the coatings deposited on magnesium alloy AZ31B has been examined by a group of electrochemical techniques including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition, a scanning Kelvin probe technique has been used to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fractionation of isotopes of the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals in ion exchange chromatography of their chlorides was studied. The heavier isotopes of potassium and rubidium were found to be preferentially fractionated into the ion exchanger phase while the lighter isotopes of lithium, magnesium, calcium and strontium were enriched in the exchanger phase. This can be interpreted as a resultant of the relative significance of isotope effect upon dehydration and isotope effect accompanying the phase change of the hydrated metal ion. Found was no evidence of anomalous isotope effect attributable to the odd-even difference in mass number of isotopes. Based on the spectroscopic and solution chemical data (experimental and theoretical), the isotopic reduced partition function ratios of the hydrated alkaline metal ions and stretching force constants of metal ...

Science.gov (United States)

A laser spectrometer for the ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) titration of magnesium or calcium ions that is designed around a handheld laser pointer as the source and a photoresistor as the detector is developed. Findings show that the use of the spectrometer reduces the degree of uncertainty and error in one part of the EDTA titrations, however overall standard deviations depend on the skill of the student and their willingness to be careful and precise.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We performed hybrid-DFT calculations for La2/3?xLi3xTiO3 (LLT) with lithium ion conductivity, in order to investigate the detailed lithium ion conductive mechanism from the viewpoint of molecular orbital (MO) method. It was concluded that the very ionic lithium ion in bottleneck accelerates the lithium ion conduction. The calculated MO shows no chemical bonding between lithium ion and other ions. In comparison with the perovskite-type trivalent titanium oxide of LaTiO3, the effect of the titanium's reduction was also investigated. We showed the possibility of the high lithium conductivity in LaTiO3.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fuel cells based on solid oxides ('SOFC') are excellent alternative devices for power generation, when they are operated at high temperature, e.g. above 600 C. Having only fixed parts for the power generating part of the device is only one advantage of the fuel cell. Due to their unique design, these devices offer a maximum of efficiency for energy conversion compared to conventional power generating systems, which are mainly based on turbines. One aim of this thesis is the examination of alternative electrolyte and cathode materials for the SOFC applications at reduced temperatures, which means in the temperature range between 600 C and 750 C. For the first main task, several materials from the oxygen ion conducting electrolytes were selected. Different strontium and magnesium doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM) materials with additional transition metal doping were selected and prepared via two different ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is the main softening mechanism of magnesium alloy AZ31B in hot deformation. Theoretically, in the flow rule the atomic diffusibility and the driving force of dislocation migration are dependent on the temperature, and the dislocation density and the cumulation of grain boundary energy are dependent on the strain rate. The peak stress will appear when the flow driving force and resistance force reach a balance, after which the stress descending will take place due to recrystallization fraction. Since the DRX is a thermally activated process, the recrystallized volume fraction can be regarded as the function of strain through Avrami equation. Based on this idea, the paper proposes a new constitutive model characterizing dynamic recrystallization for magnesium alloy AZ31B. The model is described by a peak stress and a strain softening rate, in which the peak stress depends only on Zener-Hollomon parameter and is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Recent developments on plastic forming technology of magnesium alloys are presented. Attempts have been undergoing with an aim at forming magnesium alloy parts at lower temperatures. It is believed that fine microstructure magnesium alloys usually have much higher plasticity at lower temperatures and even room temperatures. Extrusion is a method to form magnesium profile products and tube products, which is also one of the effective ways to make fine microstructure magnesium alloys. Superplasticity forming is another method to form high plasticity magnesium alloys. Hot forming of magnesium sheet parts is an important process to form magnesium products. Some developments related to above issues are discussed in the present paper. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The patent is for a method of preparing drilling muds that are notable for their chemical resistance to Zechstein deposits, especially to magnesium, carbonate and carboxylic acid ions. To achieve chemical resistance of the drilling mud to Zechstein deposits, it is suggested to saturate them with salt (the amount of added salt depends on the absorption properties of the solution), and then to process them with caustic soda or potassium oxide hydrate and lime in proportions that would cause filtrate alkalinity not to exceed 0.5. For example, to prepare drilling solution to bore through mediums containing magnesium salts, potassium salts, rock salt, anhydrate, dolomite, limestone, red salt clay: add 340 kg potassium chloride into 1 m/sup 3/ drilling solution with weighed bentonic clay, 10 kg. ferro-chromate lignosulfite, 7 kg. unslaked lime, 2 kg. sodium hydroxide, 5 kg. carboxy-methyl-cellulose, 5 kg. ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Previously, we demonstrated that the lithium ion conduction in the perovskite-type manganese fluoride is attributed to counter cation-site vacancy mechanism. The divalent counter cation-doped KxBa(1-x)/2MnF3 was theoretically predicted as the lithium ion conductor in the perovskite-type manganese fluoride. In this study, we considered the oxygen doping for KxBa(1-x)/2MnF3 to realize the higher lithium ion conductivity. It is because lithium ion forms the stronger ionic bond with the doped oxygen anion. The hybrid-DFT calculations were performed to investigate the lithium ion conduction in the oxygen-doped KxBa(1-x)/2MnF3. The calculation results were discussed from the viewpoints of the potential energy curve, electron densities, and charge and spin densities. The effect of the lithium ion...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Fasting plasma concentrations of magnesium were measured by neutron activation analysis in 30 non-diabetics and 87 diabetics (55 non-insulin-treated, 32 insulin treated). Plasma concentrations of magnesium...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gas and plasma nitriding processes were executed in the magnesium with modification by titanium in search for an effective surface treatment method for magnesium alloys. Magnesium-nitrogen system has completely no solid solution or solubility, so that nitride should be only formed by eutectic reaction in the liquid phase. Hence, magnesium is difficult or nearly impossible to have its surface modified by nitriding. Addition of nitride forming element into magnesium enables us to lower the onset temperature of nitriding. Magnesium-titanium alloys with 1 to 5 wt% are yielded by the bulk mechanical alloying and, subjected to gas nitriding for various process conditions. Successful co-formation of Mg{sub 3}N{sub 2} as well as TiN becomes a proof to demonstrate the possibility of gas/plasma nitriding in the solid-state magnesium with aid of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The article gives results of pilot-plant tests to evaluate sodium thiosulfate as an oxidation-inhibition additive in five lime/limestone slurry flue-gas desulfurization processes. It was found that the oxidation rate of absorbed SO/sub 2/ was reduced by more than 50% in the presence of 100-200 ppm of thiosulfate ion in the scrubbing slurry. Calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) scaling was eliminated and the unsaturated (with respect to gypsum) operation mode was maintained by the addition of sodium thiosulfate. Other benefits of sodium thiosulfate addition observed at the pilot plant included improvement in solids dewatering properties for limestone processes and improvement in SO/sub 2/ removal efficiency for magnesium-enhanced lime/limestone processes.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Effects of ions of Group IA, IIA, IIIB, and VIIB elements on the cathodic deposition of a molybdenum were investigated in a KCl-LiCl (eutectic)-MoCl/sub 3/ molten salt at 773 K (500/degree/C). The results can be summarized as follows: The addition of potassium, rubidium, cesium, and barium cations and fluorine anions to the KCl-LiCl (eutectic)-MoCl/sub 3/ molten salt is effective in depressing the cathodic deposition of the molybdenum subchloride, which hinders the smooth, flat electrodeposition of molybdenum. The addition of lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and aluminum cations and bromine and iodine anions promotes the undesirable cathodic deposition of the molybdenum subchloride.

CERN Document Server

Measurements of the small-, intermediate-, and large-ion concentrations and the atmospheric electric conductivity of both polarities have been made over the Arabian Sea on four cruises of ORV Sagarkanya during the Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX)during the monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons of 2002 and 2003. Seasonally averaged values of the total as well as polar conductivity are much higher during the monsoon than pre-monsoon season. Surprisingly, however, the concentration of small ions are less and those of large and intermediate ions are more during the monsoon than pre-monsoon season. The diurnal variations observed during the pre-monsoon season show that the nighttime small ion concentrations are about an order of magnitude higher than their daytime values. On the contrary, the daytime concentrations of the intermediate and large ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Single-electrode transient behavior was measured mainly during the discharging process for a model cell of electric double layer capacitor with nano-porous carbon electrodes and reference electrode. Apparent conductivity in the cell, which we call `effective conductivity,` is determined with approximation of current in transient behavior to a one-dimensional electrophoretic model. A comparison of effective conductivity with conductivity of bulk solution suggests an interesting mechanism of transfer of electrolyte ions. The difference in transient behavior between various electrolyte ions was not conspicuous in spite of distinctive differences in conductivity of each bulk solution. The large pore diameter of the carbon electrode results in rapid transient behavior and such an electrode should be suitable for rapid charge and discharge. The ...

Wastenet

as a by-product during the purification of molten magnesium chloride prior to its electrolysis and during the

Wastenet

as a by-product during the purification of molten magnesium chloride prior to its electrolysis and during the

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The electrical conductivity of ion-implanted films of Nylon 66, Polypropylene (PP), Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (Teflon) and mainly Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was determined by DC measurements at voltages up to 4500 V and compared with the corresponding values of pristine films. Measurements were made at 21/sup 0/C +/- 1/sup 0/C and 65 +/- 2% RH. The electrical conductivity of PET films implanted with F/sup +/, Ar/sup +/, or As/sup +/ ions at energies of 50 keV increases by seven orders of magnitude as the fluence increases from 1 x 10/sup 18/ to 1 x 10/sup 20/ ions/m/sup 2/. The conductivity of films implanted with As/sup +/ was approximately one order greater than those implanted with Ar/sup +/, which in turn was approximately one-half order greater than those implanted with F/sup +/. The conductivity of the most ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new series of lithium ionic liquids were prepared by introducing of two electron-withdrawing trifluoroacetyl groups in borate salts containing two methoxy-oligo(ethylene oxide) groups in the structures. Successive substitution reactions of oligo-ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and trifluroacetic acid from LiBH_4 yielded the lithium salts, which were clear and colorless liquids at room temperature. The fundamental physicochemical properties, such as density, thermal property, viscosity, ionic conductivity, self-diffusion coefficients, and electrochemical stability, were measured. The lithium ionic liquids had self-dissociation ability and conducted ions even in the absence of organic solvents. New polymer electrolytes, named 'ion gels', were prepared by radical cross-linking reactions of a poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide)tri-acrylate macromonomer in the presence the lithium ionic liquid. An ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Investigations have been conducted to determine the feasibility of using collisional cooling for reducing the energy spreads and, consequently, the emittances of negative-ion beams. We have designed a gas-filled RF-quadrupole ion cooler equipped with provisions for retarding energetic negative ion beams to energies below thresholds for electron detachment at injection and for re-acceleration to high energies after the cooling process. The device has been used to cool O{sup -} and F{sup -} ion beams with initial energy spreads, {Delta}E > 10 eV to final energy spreads, {Delta}E {approx} 2 eV FWHM. Overall transmission efficiencies of {approx}14% for F{sup -} beams have been obtained. Experimental results show that electron detachment is the major loss mechanism for negative ions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Recently it was demonstrated that long-lived quantum coherence exists during excitation energy transport in photosynthesis. It is a valid question up to which length, time and mass scales quantum coherence may extend, how one may detect this coherence and what, if any, role it plays in the dynamics of the system. Here we suggest that the selectivity filter of ion channels may exhibit quantum coherence, which might be relevant for the process of ion selectivity and conduction. We show that quantum resonances could provide an alternative approach to ultrafast two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy to probe these quantum coherences. We demonstrate that the emergence of resonances in the conduction of ion channels that are modulated periodically by time-dependent external electric fields can serve as signatures of quantum coherence in such a system. Assessments of experimental feasibility ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Lithium phosphorous oxynitride(Lipon) thin films as a lithium ion conductive electrolyte were prepared by radio frequency reactive sputtering in N2 plasma. The properties of the amorphous Lipon solid electrolyte were investigated as a function of N2 pressure during reactive sputtering. The ionic conductivity and the electrochemical stability of Lipon thin films improved drastically as the N2 pressure decreased. The ionic conductivity closed to 10?6 S cm?1 and obtained a stability window of 1.0?5.0 V with an N2 pressure of 5 mTorr, where the number of nitrogen bonds between the phosphate groups were more than those formed at higher pressure. It was possible to fabricate the Li//LiCoO2 complete thin film battery using this Lipon solid electrolyte, which exhibited excellent discharge characte...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For the development of high ionic conductive solid electrolyte, LiTi2(PO4)3 (LTP), one of the promising inorganic solid electrolyte, was synthesized to investigate an effect of additional lithium salt on the ion conductivity. Lithium salt added LTP composite electrolyte sintered at 900{degree}C exhibited highest conductivity, which was two order magnitude higher than pure LTP. Effects of lithium salt addition are as follows. Conductivity of the composite electrolyte provided larger sintering temperature dependence than the pure LTP. From X-ray diffraction analysis, structures and compositions were resemble between two composite electrolytes. Byproducts except LTP provided rather low conductivity. It was suggested that melted constitution in the composite can affect the sintering improvement by the additional lithium salt at temperatures over 800 {degree}C. From ...

Science.gov (United States)

0 Proposed solutions. 7. Conduct separate Sat.V DCR's for. L/V ESE for 1st manned E MLL miss ions e Proof of design e Development maturi ty. 0 Manned safety ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

High lithium-ion (Li^+) conductive garnet-structured lanthanum lithium zirconate (LLZ) solid electrolyte is prepared by incorporation of appropriate amounts of silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al). The resultant pelletized LLZ obtains total Li^+ conductivity of 6.8x10^-^4Scm^-^1 at 298K. This improved conductivity is nearly identical with the bulk Li^+ conductivity of the LLZ reported earlier, suggesting that the grain boundary resistance is effectively reduced by the incorporation of Si and Al. Microanalyses by transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis and electron energy-loss spectroscopy revealed the presence of amorphous Li-Al-Si-O with nano crystalline LiAlSiO4 at grain boundaries. Fast lithium-ion transport around the amorphous Li-Al-Si-O/LiAlSiO4 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plastic formability of cast magnesium alloy that were hot rolled after roll strip casting was investigated to ascertain the feasibility of semi-solid strip casting process of AZ31B magnesium alloy. Hot rolling and heat treatment conditions were changed to examine which conditions were appropriate for producing AZ31B wrought magnesium alloys after strip casting process. Microscopic observation of the crystals of the manufactured wrought magnesium alloys was performed. It has been found that a limiting drawing ratio of 2.7 was possible in a warm deep drawing test of the cast magnesium alloy sheets after being hot rolled. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper reports the results of leaching experiments conducted with and without Thiobacillus ferroxidans at the same conditions in solution. The extent of leaching of ZnS with Bacteria is significantly higher than that without bacteria at high concentrations of ferrous ions. A porous layer of elemental sulfur is present on the surfaces of the chemically leached particles, which no sulfur is present on the surfaces of the bacterially leached particles. The analysis of the data using the shrinking-core model shows that the chemical leaching of ZnS is limited by the diffusion of ferrous ions through the sulfur product layer at high concentrations of ferrous ions. The analysis of the data shows that diffusion through the product layer does not limit the rate of dissolution when bacteria are present. This suggests that the action of T.ferroxidans in oxidizing the sulfur formed on the particle surface is to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Focused Ion Beams are an important approach for nanostructure fabrication in the semiconductor industry and material sciences. Applications in sputtering and ion induced deposition of materials are investigated. The IMSA FIB system equipped with the high resolution Orsay Physics CANION M31plus ion column with current densities up to 10 A/cm"2 including a gas injection system is applied. In this work the ion beam induced chemical vapour deposition of tungsten, wherefore tungsten hexacarbonyl as precursor gas is used for a first investigation. Conductive tungsten-nanowires with smallest cross-section upon a substrate of Si and SiO_2 are produced. The ion beam parameters of this focused ion beam system are optimized for the metal deposition. A short insight in the theory of layer nucleation and growth induced by the ion ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Advanced techniques for focused-ion-beam (FIB) device modification have been developed for complex, multistep modifications to circuitry on planar chip technology. Applying gas-assisted etching (GAE) techniques for high-aspect-ratio milling and the selective milling of both conductive and insulating films enhances process latitude. Localized ion-beam-induced deposition of an insulating film provides reconstructive capability in previously modified areas. The application of both techniques for complex device modification on VSLI devices fabricated with CMOS process technology is reviewed. (UK).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Accelerated aging tests have been conducted to evaluate the long-term durability of cementitious material against aggressive ions. In tests, cementitious specimens were immersed in the solutions containing concentrated aggressive ions at high temperature and it promoted diffusion of the ions in the specimen. This method would be suitable for the evaluation on the aging as the alteration of the specimen would be expected to resemble the natural behavior. This paper presents a classification of alteration mechanism in the immersion tests using MgCl{sub 2} and Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} solution. This classification was done by relating the changes of compressive strength to microscopic and mineralogical changes.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pd/n-Si and Pd/n-GaAs devices have been irradiated from high energy ({approx}100 MeV) heavy ions of Au{sup 7+} (gold) and Si{sup 7+} (silicon) to study the irradiation effects in these junction devices on semiconductor substrates. The devices have been characterized from I-V and C-V studies for electronic flow characterization. It has been found that the devices become high resistive on the irradiation and the substrates change the conductivity type from n- to p- on the irradiation of fluence of {approx}10{sup 12}-10{sup 13} ions/cm{sup 2}. The change in conductivity type has been understood as a result of creation of deep acceptors on the irradiation.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

The extraction of magnesium by tributyl phosphate from KI solutions was investigated. With increasing KI and TBP concentrations, the extraction increased. The maximum extraction (82%) was attained at pH 4, and it did not decrease with a further pH increase. With decreasing pH, the extraction decreased because of HI extraction. The magnesium was extracted as the compound MgI/sub 2/ x 4TBP. Complexone III (at pH 3-4) does not affect the extraction of magnesium, which makes it possible to use it to mask other metals.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two aspects of the deformation behavior of magnesium sheets are the subject of this paper. First it will give a mechanical characterization of a commercial magnesium with a focus on the anisotropy and the possible microstructural causes of this behavior. The rolling process will be part of the second aspect. The aim is to show the influence of the parameters on the microstructure and texture and how this could affect the anisotropy in the rolled sheets. (Abstract Copyright [2003], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Science.gov (United States)

As with mammalian enzymes, green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphatase can be activated by Mg2+ through a time-dependent course. The activation is mainly a Vmax effect. Tsou's method was used to study the kinetic course of activation. The results show that the enzyme was activated by a complexing scheme that had not been previously identified: the enzyme first reversibly and quickly binds Mg2+ and then undergoes a slow reversible course to activation, with a relatively high activation energy (78 +/- 4 kJ/mol) and a slow conformational change. The activation reaction is a single molecule reaction, and the apparent activation rate constant is independent of Mg2+ concentration if the concentration is sufficiently high. The microscopic rate constants of activation and the association constant were determined from the measurements. The proposed scheme may also be applied to the Mg2+ activation mechanism for mammalian enzyme, to explain why the activation rate is time-dependent and not ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mixed-conducting Sr-Fe-Co oxides have potential applications in dense ceramic membranes for high-purity oxygen separation and/or methane conversion to produce syngas (CO + H{sub 2}), because of their combined high electronic/ionic conductivity and significant oxygen permeability. We studied the crystal structure and microstructure of the system in X-ray diffraction experiments and by using scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted on the SrFeCo{sub 0.5}O{sub x} sample in environments of various oxygen partial pressures (pO{sub 2}). Conductivity increased while weight decreased with increasing temperature. Activation energy decreased while conductivity increased with increasing pO{sub 2}. The pO{sub 2}-dependent conducting behavior of the SrFeCo{sub 0.5}O{sub x} system can be understood by considering the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We report synthesis, characterization and ion transport in polyether-based ionic melt electrolytes consisting of Li salts of low-basicity anions covalently attached to polyether oligomers. Purity of the materials was investigated by HPLC analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The highest ionic conductivity of 7.1 x 10{sup -6} S/cm at 30 deg. C was obtained for the sample consisting of a lithium salt of an arylfluorosulfonimide anion attached to a polyether oligomer with an ethyleneoxide (EO) to lithium ratio of 12. The conductivity order of various ionic melts having different polyether chain lengths suggests that at higher EO:Li ratios the conductivity of the electrolytes at room temperature is determined in part by the amount of crystallization of the polyether portion of the ionic melt.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnesium alloys are being increasingly utilized in a variety of fields as an alternative material to organic materials and aluminum alloys, owing to excellent properties. Those include low density, and excellent damping properties. When compared to organic materials, furthermore, Mg alloy excels at recyclability, heat radiation, and electromagnetic-shielding. Though most of magnesium alloy products are manufactured through die-casting and thixo-molding at present, the demand for the expanding of magnesium wrought alloy market is increasing. Taking full advantage of a drawing technique and applying it to the conventional extruded pipe, we have developed a new type of magnesium alloy pipe. The strength of the developed pipe is significantly higher than that of the conventional one, either extruded or die-casting. Some of the excellent properties were obtained from fundamental tests performed with the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper describes a lithium battery researched on under the Moonlight Project which is a long life secondary battery with high energy density and high power density. Using as a base a Li4SiO4 system which exhibits stable and high Li[sup +] conductivity as solid electrolyte material, partial Si[sup 4+] is replaced with divalent ions such as B[sup 3+] and Al[sup 3+] or divalent ions such as Ni[sup 2+] and Co[sup 2+], by which Li[sup +] for electric charge compensation can be increased and conductivity is enhanced. As to a LiTi2P3O12 system, Ti[sup 4+] is replaced with Sc[sup 3+] and Y[sup 3+]. In both systems, by replaCing Si[sup 4+] or Ti[sup 4+] with trivalent metal ions and increasing mobile Li[sup +], those with ion conductivity exceeding that at 300[degree]C, 10[sup -3]Scm[sup -1], can be developed. TiS2 and NiPS3 are prepared as ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An experimental approach has been performed to ascertain the effectiveness of semi-solid strip casting using a horizontal twin roll caster. The demand for light-weight products with high strength has grown recently due to the rapid development of automobile and aircraft technology. One key to such development has been utilization of magnesium alloys, which can potentially reduce the total product weight. However, the problems of utilizing magnesium alloys are still mainly related to high manufacturing cost. One of the solutions to this problem is to develop magnesium casting-rolling technology in order to produce magnesium sheet products at competitive cost for commercial applications. In this experiment, magnesium alloy AZ31B was used to ascertain the effectiveness of semi-solid roll strip casting for producing magnesium alloy sheets. The temperature of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In a closed circuit formed by bypassing pipelines connected to carbon steel parts, low oxygen coolants pass there through during operation. A solution containing ions of metals more noble than iron are circulated to bring the solution into contact with the carbon steel surface of the inner wall of the parts to form a deposition membrane of the metal more noble than iron on the surface to prevent acceleration of corrosion of the carbon steel parts due to low oxygen coolants. The solution containing ions of metals more noble than iron is a solution of palladium nitrate containing ions of platinum elements. This operation is conducted under a temperature condition of from 50degC to 150degC. In addition, the metal ion concentration of the solution circulating in the closed circuit is measured, it is compared with metal ion concentration previously determined, and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The influence of hydrogen ion implantation into the channel polysilicon of polysilicon thin film transistors on gate oxide conductivity has been investigated. Data for effective tunnelling barriers at the gate oxide/channel polysilicon interface are presented. A value of 1.2eV for samples with boron doped channel polysilicon is calculated. For hydrogenated boron doped samples tunnelling barriers higher than 2.1 eV are obtained. The tunnelling barriers for phosphorus doped samples are impurity concentration dependent and decrease with increasing phosphorus concentration in the range 3 x 10{sup 17} to 3 x 10{sup 19} cm{sup -3}. (Author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zirconium phosphate was one of the earliest inorganic ion-exchange suggested for removing strontium and cesium from aqueous nuclear waste. This paper studied ionic exchange to remove Cs-137 and Sr-90 by using different cationic of zirconium phosphate. In this case the parameters studied were the effect of temperature and ion concentration to percent up take and distribution coefficients. It is also conducted the study on column experiments to determine the breakthrough curves for Cs-137 and Sr-90. The result showed the potential of use of zirconium phosphate in radioactive waste treatment. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grooving CVD diamond films using a focused ion beam (FIB) to quarry micro parts is described. The substrate-side surface of a polycrystalline diamond film which is prepared by means of microwave plasma CVD, is able to be grooved by a focused Ga ion beam scanned straight repeatedly. The groove has cross section whose shape is like an inverted Gaussian distribution curve. And the surface roughness of the films before grooved influences that of grooves. Under the same irradiation conditions, deeper, narrower, in short, high aspect ratio grooves are obtained on B-doped semiconducting microwave plasma CVD diamond films. Coating electrical conductive material is also effective method to obtain high aspect ratio grooves. It is supposed that these results are due to the degree of electrification on the surface and that FIB irradiation is a suitable method for micromachining semiconducting diamond films.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is well known that a protective film is formed on the graphite negative electrode in ethylene carbonate (EC) electrolyte solution. This film is lithium-ion conductive and protects the decomposition of the electrolyte solution. In the present paper, the electrode/electrolyte interfaces in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries were characterized by three-dimensional complex impedance plots, whose axes are real, imaginary parts and time. The film resistance R {sub sei} and charge transfer resistance R {sub ct} were determined for negative electrodes in EC/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) electrolyte solution, and the formation mechanisms of the interfacial film were discussed. Furthermore, the contributions of vinylene carbonate and ethylene sulfite, which are added into the electrolyte solution for the film formation, were investigated.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ultra-thin, uniform, pinhole-free solid polymer electrolyte films having a fixed carboxylic ester group of approximately 1 {mu}m thickness were prepared by polymerization of methyl acrylate and tris(2-methoxyethoxy)vinylsilane in a glow discharge plasma. The carboxylic ester group of the plasma polymer were transformed to lithium carboxylate groups by treatment with lithium iodide. This process give a single lithium ion conductive film. These solid polymer electrolyte films showed ionic conductivities of the order of 10{sup -8} S cm{sup -1} (10{sup 4} {omega} cm{sup 2} resistance per unit area) at room temperature. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lithium-ion batteries are becoming more and more important not only for portable electronic devices, but also in prevision of high power electric vehicles. In such an optic, deep studies regarding all the components of a secondary battery are in development. In this study, high voltage cathode materials have been selected. Crystals with spinel structure have a 3D vacancy pathway suitable for Li-ions transport. The material under study was LiNi{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 1.5}O{sub 4} doped with magnesium replacing the nickel. Various samples were synthesized via three different routes: a solid-state method, a modified sol-gel method and a xerogel method. The structure and morphology of the powders were analyzed with HRTEM and XRD. Electrochemical tests were also performed. A wide range of particle sizes (from micro to nanosize) was the result of the different synthesis routes. Unfortunately pure materials were not always obtained. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To improve the surface properties of magnesium alloy, a lining process using shot peening was carried out. The lining of magnesium alloy with metals such as titanium and nickel is useful in heightening the corrosion and wear properties for the components. In the shot peening experiment, the foil set on the magnesium workpiece is pelted with many shots at a high velocity. The foil is bonded to the surface of the workpiece due to plastic deformation induced by the collision of the shots. A pure aluminum foil is inserted between the hard foil and magnesium workpiece to assist the bonding. To heighten the bondability, the foil and workpiece are heated and the flow stresses of the metals are reduced. In this experiment, a centrifugal shot peening machine with an electrical heater was employed. The workpieces were commercially magnesium alloys AZ31B and AZ91D, and the foils were ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A one-year study was conducted to determine the impacts of acid min drainage (AMD) on the Black Creek watershed in Wise County, Virginia. Water quality, metal content of sediment and water column, soil pH, macroinvertebrate assemblages, habitat assessment and toxicity testing were used to assess the impact in the watershed. A total of 22 sites in the creek and surrounding watershed were actively monitored. This included six primary sources of AMD. Conductivity measurements > 1,000 microhmos/cm were found at eight sites and pH was consistently below 6.0 at seven. Of six metals analyzed, magnesium was highest in the water column, ranging from 16.5 mg/L to 130 mg/L. Aluminum and iron were both elevated in the sediment with iron concentrations as high as 176,000 mg/kg. An increase in sediment metal concentrations was noted when progressing downstream in the creek. Of nine high wall and spoils areas sampled, soil pH was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A chromium-free conversion coating for magnesium alloys were described. The conversion coating could be obtained when AZ31D magnesium alloy was immersed in a solution containing a manganese salt, phosphate and an inhibitor. Corrosion resistance of the chemical conversion coating was evaluated by anodizing polarization curve and salt immersion. XRD analysis showed that the conversion coating was mainly composed of Mn{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}. The morphology of the coating is observed by using SEM. The effect of electrolyte pH and concentration of inhibitor on coating growth are investigated. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Interpenetrated lattices (IPL) are combinations of reticulated polymers linked together by permanent crisscross. This structure is well-adapted to combined highly incompatible pairs of polymers. The in-situ sequential method has been applied successfully to the synthesis of ethylene poly-oxides / poly-siloxanes IPLs. The results concerning the preparation of such lattices and their behaviour as solid polymer electrolytes are presented in this paper. (J.S.) 24 refs.

Science.gov (United States)

... alloys--Lanthanum-- Magnesium--Magnasium &11oy8--Hagn*31Uft compounds--Manxganese--Manganes. alloys-- Mercury ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Magnesium alloys have been increasingly used in automotive and electronic industries because of their excellent strength to weight ratio and EMI shielding properties. However, magnesium alloys have low formability at room temperature due to their unique mechanical behavior (twinning and untwining), prompting for forming at an elevated temperature. In this study, a temperature dependent constitutive model for magnesium alloy (AZ31B) sheet is developed. A hardening law based on non linear kinematic hardening model is used to consider Bauschinger effect properly. Material parameters are determined from a series of uni-axial cyclic experiments (T-C-T or C-T-C) with the temperature ranging 150-250 deg. C. The influence of temperature on the constitutive equation is introduced by the material parameters assumed to be functions of temperature. Fitting process of the assumed model to measured data is presented and the results are ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

One of the major concerns during high speed welding of magnesium alloys is the presence of porosity in the weld metal that can deteriorate mechanical properties. This study seeks to analyze the presence method and quantity of pore during hybrid laser-tungsten inert gas arc (TIG) welding of magnesium alloy AZ31B by radiography, optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EMPA). At the same time, it identifies both the mechanism of pore formation and a remedy for this problem. The experimental results indicate that lacking of shielding gas for laser beam is the dominant cause of macroporosity formation during the hybrid of laser-TIG welding of magnesium Alloys AZ31B plate, and hydrogen is not main cause to form large pores. A favorable weld without porosity can be obtained by appending lateral shielding gas for laser beam.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper, for an acceleration of utilization of magnesium alloy which is being interested in recent years, friction welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy was carried out, and the joint performance was discussed in relation to the deformation heat input in the upset stage and upset loss as a evaluation factor. Where, the deformation heat input in the upset stage is mechanical work represented by the product of upset speed and axial pressure. As a result, it was made clear that the friction welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy was easy in the atmosphere, and good welded joints without a non- adhesion area at the weld interface could de obtained. Moreover, the evaluation factors discussed were possible to evaluate to joint performance. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A microanalytical characterization of cast magnesium alloys of eutectic origin based on the Mg?Al?Ca ternary matrix system has been carried out in order to investigate the influence of alloying elements on their microstructure as well as microchemistry-processing-microstructural relations using structure-sensitive techniques of electron microscopy, mechanical spectroscopy (internal friction), X-ray diffractometry, and advanced microanalytical methods including electron probe compositional analysis. Following the data obtained here there is direct correlation of microstructure with creep properties of the new experimental magnesium alloys. The creep and heat-induced properties of the multicomponent magnesium alloys containing low range of inexpensive additions of titanium (0.07?0.2%) or str...

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Although magnesium is not attacked by hydrocarbons, it reacts vigorously with anhydrous methanol, raising concerns about the compatibility of the metal with methanol blend fuels. This paper describes the behavior of magnesium alloys in laboratory tests in static contact with methanol-containing fuels at 110/sup 0/F. Water in small concentrations (above 0.25% by weight of the methanol content) is shown to prevent the destructive attack of magnesium by these fuels. The required water content is well within the water tolerance of methanol-GTBA (gasoline grade tertiary-butyl alcohol) cosolvent fuel blends. Die cast AZ91HP shows greater resistance to methanol reaction than does AZ31B sheet.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new technique was proposed in order to improve poor corrosion resistance in magnesium. That is, magnesium hydroxide film was formed on the surface of 3 N-Mg by artificial corrosion in 1% MgCl{sub 2} solution for 3.6 ks, which followed by oxidation at 673 K for 3.6 ks in air. Corrosion resistance was evaluated by salt immersion tests in 1% NaCl solution under in situ laser microscopic observations. Bubble evolution, which occurred immediately at the beginning of the immersion test in the case of non-treated specimen, was suppressed by the process. And also, formation of filiform corrosion was suppressed for about 3.6 ks, which occurred at 180 s in the non-treated specimen. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The glasses with the composition of 37.5Li2O?(25?x)Fe2O3?xNb2O5?37.5P2O5 (mol%) (x=5,10,15) are prepared, and it is found that the addition of Nb2O5 is effective for the glass formation in the lithium iron phosphate system. The glass?ceramics consisting of Nasicon-type Li3Fe2(PO4)3 crystals with an orthorhombic structure are developed through conventional crystallization in an electric furnace, showing electrical conductivities of 3?10?6?Scm?1 at room temperature and the activation energies of 0.48?eV (x=5) and 0.51?eV (x=10) for Li+ ion conduction in the temperature range of 30?200??C. A continuous wave Nd:YAG laser (wavelength: 1064?nm) with powers of 0.14?0.30?W and a scanning speed of 10??m/s is irradiated onto the surface of the glasses, and the formation of Li3Fe2(PO4)3 crystals is c...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The influence of Cr on the structure and electrochemical properties of LiCoVO{sub 4} was studied using X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman Spectroscopy and cycle tests. Doping levels up to 10 mol% were achieved, which improved the electrochemical stability of the structure of LiCoVO{sub 4}, resulting in a significant increase in the initial charge and discharge capacity. The Raman spectroscopy data for the Cr-doped LiCoVO{sub 4} is similar as for LiCoVO{sub 4}. The replacement of a dopant for the Co-ion in the inverse spinel structure causes several Raman shifts. The X-ray diffraction patterns show no new phases and combined with the Raman spectroscopy data it is concluded that the Cr dopant will be located at the octahedral site (16d) where they create an electronic pathway that enhances the electronic conductivity. However, the capacity dropped significantly after prolonged cycling, which is due to the diffusion of V{sup ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to investigate the extrusion characteristics of magnesium alloy (AZ31), a computer simulation was attempted. Tensile properties of as-cast billet with different strain rates were incorporated into the simulation. The results showed a great change in distribution of stress and strain at near die region by the ram travel. It was found that the average grain size at longitudinal edge of the extruded sheet was smaller than that at center region, which might be attributed to recrystallization caused by severe plastic deformation. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present a sample preparation method for measuring magnesium in individual whole lymphocytes by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. We use Burkitt's lymphoma cells in culture as the test sample and compare X-ray microanalysis of individual cells with atomic absorption analysis of pooled cell populations. We determine the magnesium peak-to-local continuum X-ray intensity ratio by electron probe X-ray microanalysis and calculate a mean cell magnesium concentration of 39 +- 19 mmol/kg dry weight from analysis of 100 cells. We determine a mean cell magnesium concentration of 34 +- 4 mmol/kg dry weight by atomic absorption analysis of pooled cells in three cell cultures. The mean cell magnesium concentrations determined by the two methods are not significantly different. We find a 10% coefficient of variation for both methods of analysis and a 30% coefficient of variation in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnesium alloys have replaced resins as a material for the components of electronic products such as cell phone and notebook personal computer mainly, because of their lightness and rigidity. Thin walls, a complicated shape, and high appearance quality are all needed in the external parts. Die-casting and injection molding are the main method of manufacturing magnesium alloy parts. The optimal cast conditions and mold design have been investigated in order that a few defects such as surface cracks and mold cavities in casting parts would be reduced. Instead of cast, plastic forming technologies such as warm drawing and hot forging have been developed to form thinner walls and less defects. Plastic formability of magnesium alloy in hot working is dependent on a grain size of material. The material with fine grains has advantage of being formed at high strain rate. The characteristics of forming processes of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machines and structures, such as automobiles are usually subjected to biaxial or three-axial stresses instead of uniaxial stress. However, research on a fatigue failure under multi-axial stress has not been fully presented because such experiments are difficult. To solve this problem, we developed the servo biaxial fatigue-testing machine. In this research, we performed the biaxial fatigue tests of a magnesium alloy in order to clarify the effects from different heat treatments. Magnesium alloy is the lightest in weight among metal materials for structural use. The fatigue characteristics of a magnesium alloy are indispensable in order to create the design which ensures the reliability and the safety of the vehicles especially in long-distance run. The main conclusions are summarized as follows; (1) The mechanical property of magnesium alloy AZ31B falls by heat treatment at low temperature. (2) The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) is an effective materials modification and synthesis technique but has seldom been applied to ceramic materials due to the high electrical resistance that reduces the ion bombardment energy and sometimes causes serious electrical arcing in the instrument. Even in cases where PIII is applicable, the surface properties of the implanted insulating materials can be seriously affected due to the low ion energy and materials damage from electrical arcing. In order to enhance the surface and mechanical properties such as wear resistance of ceramic materials used in many industrial applications, surface modification is needed. In this work, we conduct carbon implantation into sintered #alpha#-SiC (silicon carbides that are widely used in vacuum ceramic bearings) using mesh-assisted plasma immersion ion implantation to enhance the surface properties. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is well known that one of the main advantages of the high speed forming (HSF) processes is the improvement in the forming limits of the used materials.Using the Electromagnetic Forming (EMF) technology two materials have been tested with different mechanical and physical properties: the AA5754 aluminium and the AZ31B magnesium alloys.The EMF process principle can be described as follows: A significant amount of electrical energy is stored in a bank of capacitors which are suddenly discharged releasing all the stored energy. This electric discharge runs through a coil which generates an intense transient magnetic field. At the same time transient Eddy currents are induced in the electrically conductive part placed some millimetres far from the coil. Another intense magnetic field is generated due to those Eddy currents but on the opposite direction as the one generated by the coil. A big magnetic repulsion force is created between the part ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The lithium carbon batteries studied in this paper use plasticized polymer electrolytes made with passive polymer matrix swollen by a liquid electrolyte with a high ionic conductivity (> 10{sup -3} S/cm at 25 deg. C). The polymers used to prepare the gels are polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and vinylidene poly-fluoride (PVdF). The electrochemical and physical properties of these materials are analyzed according to their composition. The behaviour of solid electrolytes with different materials of lithium ion insertion (graphite and LiNiO{sub 2}) are studied and compared to liquid electrolytes. The parameters taken into account are the reversible and irreversible capacities, the cycling performance and the admissible current densities. Finally, complete lithium ion batteries with gelled electrolytes were manufactured and tested. (J.S.) 2 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Accumulation of Chloride and Cupric ions under the sludge on the steam generator tubing surface in the area between tube sheet and the first tube support is known to be the main reason for the pitting corrosion. In addition to those ions, oxygen, pH, temperature, heat treatment history, contests of minor elements such as C, S or Ti in the alloy are also influencing the material's the pitting corrosion resistance. a series of autoclave pitting test was conducted to evaluate the pitting corrosion characteristics of the domestically produced alloy 690 tubing material and compare with that of INCO manufactured material. 16 refs., 44 figs., 5 tabs. (Author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research was conducted by the Bureau of Mines to determine the feasibility of using electrokinetic densification to dewater Bayer process red mud, magnetic black and prepared by pressure digestion of red mud in the presence of ferrous sulfate, and magnetic black mud formed by simulated Bayer digestion of Jamaican bauxite with added ferrours sulfate. Tests showed that the solids content of presettled muds could be increased from 25 pct to approximately 40 to 48 pct by gravity draining followed by electrodewatering for approximately 48 h. Electrodewatering may not be practical because of increased reagent and processing costs and because the muds must be thoroughly wasted prior to electrodwatering to remove dissolved ions and decrease mud conductivities.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

New technologies are needed to reduce the current high rate of well abandonment. Improved sweep efficiency, reservoir conformance, and permeability modification can have a significant impact on oil recovery processes. Microorganisms can be used to selectively plug high-permeability zones to improve sweep efficiency and impart conformance control. Studies of a promising microbial system for polymer production were conducted to evaluate reservoir conditions in which this system would be effective. Factors which can affect microbial growth and polymer production include salinity, pH, temperature, divalent ions, presence of residual oil, and rock matrix. Flask tests and coreflooding experiments were conducted to optimize and evaluate the effectiveness of this system. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) was used to visualize microbial polymer production in porous media. Changes in fluid distribution within the pore system ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A few metal complexes of isatin-isonicotinoylhydrazone with Ni(II), Cr(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) have been prepared and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, infrared and electronic spectra as well as "1H NMR spectra, conductivity and magnetic measurements. In view of the results obtained, it has been found that two molecules of isatin-isonicotinoylhydrazone are chelated to the central metal ion as bis-uninegative ONO tridentate ligand forming non-electrolytic octahedral metal complexes. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have demonstrated that optical images can be stored in transparent lead-lanthanum-zirconate-titanate (PLZT) ceramics by exposure to near-UV light with photon energies greater than the band gap energy of approx. equal to 3.35 eV. The image storage process relies on optically induced changes in the switching properties of ferroelectric domains (photoferroelectric effect). Stored images are nonvolatile but can be erased by uniform UV illumination and simultaneous application of an electric field. Although high quality images, with contrast variations of >= 100:1 and spatial resolution of approx. equal to 10 #mu#m, can be stored using the photoferroelectric effect, relatively high exposure energies (approx. equal to 100 mJ/cm"2) are required to store these images. This large exposure energy severely limits the range of possible applications of nonvolatile image storage in PLZT ceramics. We have recently found from studies of H, He and Ar implanted PLZT that the photosensitivity can ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnesium alloys are ideal candidates to benefit from equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) because of their poor forming characteristics due to a hcp structure. In this study, ECAE processing was applied to ZK31 and AZ31 magnesium alloys under various conditions. The grain size of as-ECAE specimens decreases with decreasing the processing temperature, however, the grain size decreases slightly with increasing number of repetitive processing. Both the tensile strength and 0.2% proof stress of as-ECAE specimens are high when processed at low temperature, but the elongation is high when processed at high temperature. Crystal orientation is different in the two alloys and it also varies according to the processing temperature for the two alloys. The difference of the crystal orientation influences the tensile properties, especially 0.2% proof stress. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Applications of magnesium alloys are motivated mainly by their lightweight. However, manufacturing cost should also be evaluated when considering applying them. From this point of consideration, adoption of sheet forming processes, which previously have not been heavily researched, should be an option. This paper is intended to pioneer the study of the formability of magnesium alloy AZ31 out of rolled sheets at elevated temperatures. The rolled microstructures are examined and correlated with their formability. Post-forming conditions will also be investigated. The tool employed to perform the sheet forming experiments was a punchless die-setting which used pressurized gas to press the sheet into a female die cavity. This technique applied to Mg-alloy is unconventional and warrants attention for its potential utilization in the industry. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Car weight corresponds directly to fuel consumption and driving performance. So in order to improve the fuel efficiency and performance of a car the weight has to be reduced. Magnesium as a light metal offers a wide range of weight saving opportunities, especially Magnesium wrought alloys with their improved mechanical properties have a high potential for structural applications. Mechanical properties in terms of their quality and anisotropy are dependent on the microstructure of the material and can be characterized by their degree of inhomogeneity, their grain size distribution and their crystallographic texture. Therefore the orientation distribution of grains, the grain size, its size distribution, the chemical composition (precipitates) itself influence the mechanical parameters and their anisotropy. In this presentation first results of mechanical anisotropy are given: differences in yield stress, r-values and their relation to the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A series of experimental measurements of the yield of O_3 in nuclear-induced O_2 and O_2-SF_6 discharges are reported. The discharges were created by bombardment with energetic particles from the "1"0B(n,#alpha#)"7Li reaction. Continuous irradiation at dose rates of 10"1"5--10"1"7 eV cm"-"3 s"-"1 and pulsed irradiation (--10 ms FWHM) at a peak dose rate of --10"2"0 eV cm"-"3 s"-"1 were conducted. At the lower dose rates, the addition of SF_6 generally increased the ozone yield due to the slowing of ozone destruction by negative oxygen and ozone ions. In contrast, at the high dose rates, the ozone concentration decreased due to SF_6 suppression of atomic oxygen formation by ion--ion recombination. A numerical model was developed and tested against experimental conditions. This model indicates that the steady-state ozone concentration was limited by the reaction O"-_3+O_3#->#2O_2+O"-_2 with a rate coefficient of --1 x ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li{sub 1.3}Al{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 1.7}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} thin films were successfully prepared by the solution deposition using lithium acetate, aluminum nitrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and titanium butoxide as starting materials. The structure, surface morphology, electrochemical window, and ionic conductivity of the films were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance. The results showed that Li{sub 1.3}Al{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 1.7}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} thin films annealed between 750 deg. C and 900 deg. C prepared by this method were well crystallized, homogenous and crack-free. The electrochemical window was beyond 2.4 V and the ionic conductivity was approximately 1.57x10{sup -5} S/cm at room temperature for the film annealed at 800 deg. C for 30 min.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes with various degrees of sulfonation (DS) have been prepared as a potential membrane material for proton exchange membrane by sulfonation process using mixtures of (15-30% concentration) fuming sulfuric acid and (95-98%) concentrated sulfuric acid as the sulfonating agent. The sulfonation process was conducted at room temperature by varying the acid ratio and reaction time. The produced membranes were then characterized by evaluating the ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, thermal stability, proton conductivity and methanol permeability as a function of degree of sulfonation. The proton conductivity of the sulfonated PEEK membranes with various DS was within the magnitude of 10"-"3 and 10"-"2 S cm"-"1 at room temperature and the methanol permeability was in the range of 3.45 x 10"-"7 to 2.73 x 10"-"6 cm"2 s"-"1. The overall membrane performance ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luminescence and reflection spectra as well as luminescence kinetics of the 1 mol% Sm3+-doped crystalline lanthanum magnesium meta borate (LaMgB5O10) and gadolinium magnesium meta borate (GdMgB5O10) were analyzed. Materials were synthesized by conventional solid state route and showed bright orange-red emission under UV excitation. Emission spectra contain sharp and well resolved Sm3+4G5/2#->#6HJ transitions indicating a strong crystal-field effect. In case of gadolinium compound energy transfer between Gd3+ and Sm3+ was detected. The luminescent kinetics of the Sm3+ in analyzed powders is characterized by single exponential decay and experimental values vary in the range 2.2-2.4 ms. - Research highlights: ? Phosphorescence of samarium-doped lanthanide magnesium meta borates. ? Bright and well resolved orange-red emission of Sm3+ under UV excitation. ? Energy transfer from Gd3+ to Sm3+ in gadolinium ...

Science.gov (United States)

... having high fluidity. The SC-51A alloy contains 4.5 to 5.5% silicon, 1 to 1.5% coppers .4 to .6% magnesium, o35% sine, .8% iron, .5% manganes*, ...

Science.gov (United States)

The effects of various fixative agents, pH, ionic strength, stain concentration, and magnesium concentration on DNA staining with the antibiotics olivomycin, chromomycin A3, and mithramycin were examined with DNA in solution and in mammalian cells.

Science.gov (United States)

The biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of various materials for use as sacrificial anodes in in vivo hybrid fuel cells were studied. Aluminium, zinc, and magnesium alloy AZ31B were studied, and the results are discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chemical and phase homogeneity of titanium-niobium sponge, produced by a combined magnesium-thermic reduction of niobium pentachloride and titanium tetrachloride mixtures, is investigated. It is ascertained that a sponge consists of spherical shape particles and has a large number of pores. Particle sizes are reduced with niobium being substituted for titanium from 50-500 #mu#m for titanium sponge to 1-40 #mu#m for niobium one, which testifies to the bormation in a titanium-niobium sponge of an alloy and not a mechanical mixture. A number of solid solutions is detected by X-ray phase analysis. Lattice parameters are determined.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To investigate the influence of equal channel angular pressing on the microstructure and texture of the magnesium alloy AZ31, electron backscattering diffraction and well as neutron diffraction experiments were carried out. Through these experiments it was possible to trace the microstructure and texture evolution with strain accumulated with the increasing number of equal channel angular pressing passes. It was further demonstrated by subsequent compression tests that the microstructural changes produced by equal channel angular pressing have a beneficial effect on both the compressive strength and ductility of AZ31. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effect of a mineralizer, magnesium silicate, on the nitridation of compacts consisting of silicon, clay, silica and silicon carbide was examined in terms of their reaction depth, density, porosity, phase composition and microstructure. It was found that addition of mineralizer slowed down the nitridation significantly. The kinetic process of isothermal nitridation in the presence of magnesium silicate obeys a parabolic rate law. Otherwise it obeys a linear rate law. The results suggest that nitrogen transportation is the limiting step during nitridation when mineralizer is added. The mechanism of nitridation is discussed in terms of phase composition and microstructure. Copyright (2000) The Australian Ceramic Society

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

After pioneering work in the 1980s, plasma-based ion implantation (PBII) and plasma-based ion implantation and deposition (PBIID) can now be considered mature technologies for surface modification and thin film deposition. This review starts by looking at the historical development and recalling the basic ideas of PBII. Advantages and disadvantages are compared to conventional ion beam implantation and physical vapor deposition for PBII and PBIID, respectively, followed by a summary of the physics of sheath dynamics, plasma and pulse specifications, plasma diagnostics, and process modeling. The review moves on to technology considerations for plasma sources and process reactors. PBII surface modification and PBIID coatings are applied in a wide range of situations. They include the by-now traditional tribological applications of reducing wear and corrosion through the formation of hard, tough, smooth, low-friction and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Single crystals of Li{sub 1.8}(In{sub 0.55}Zr{sub 0.45}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} and Li{sub 3}(In{sub 1-x}Sc{sub x}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} (x=0.67,0.73) were grown by a flux method. The crystal structure of Li{sub 1.8}(In{sub 0.55}Zr{sub 0.45}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} was found to be similar to that of the high temperature {gamma}-phase of Li{sub 3}Sc{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}. However, Li ions were located on only one site among three available sites. On the other hand, those of Li{sub 3}In{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}-Li{sub 3}Sc{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} solid solutions were found to be similar to that of the low temperature {alpha}-phase of Li{sub 3}Sc{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}. The ionic conductivity of Li{sub 1.8}(In{sub 0.55}Sc{sub 0.45}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} was measured along with the directions perpendicular and parallel to the a-axis. A relatively large anisotropic conductivity was observed in the single ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Methods and apparatus are described for efficient photodetachment and purification of negative ion beams. A method of purifying an ion beam includes: inputting the ion beam into a gas-filled multipole ion guide, the ion beam including a plurality of ions; increasing a laser-ion interaction time by collisional cooling the plurality of ions using the gas-filled multipole ion guide, the plurality of ions including at least one contaminant; and suppressing the at least one contaminant by selectively removing the at least one contaminant from the ion beam by electron photodetaching at least a portion of the at least one contaminant using a laser beam.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Solid-state lithium batteries with a unique construction are reported in this paper. These batteries contain two kinds of lithium ion-conductive solid electrolytes, LiI-Li{sub 2}S-P{sub 2}S{sub 5} glass contacted with the anode material and Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4}-Li{sub 2}S-SiS{sub 2} glass or Li{sub 2}S-GeS{sub 2}-P{sub 2}S{sub 5} crystalline material contacted with the cathode. The former electrolyte was selected as that stable to electrochemical reduction, and the latter two to oxidation. This construction made it possible to use graphite as the anode and LiCoO{sub 2} as the cathode in the solid-state lithium battery. The energy density of the battery is 390 W h{center_dot}l{sup -1} and 160 W h{center_dot}kg{sup -1} per total volume and weight of the cathode and anode layers, respectively, which are comparable to those of commercialized Li-ion batteries.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Herein, we report engineering of nanostructured p-CuIn3Se5/n-CdS heterojunction thin film on a glass substrate, which is prepared at room temperature using simple wet chemical approach involving ion exchange reactions between CdS and Cu^+, In^3^+ and Se^2^- ions in alkaline medium. The uniform deposition of heterojunction thin films is achieved by optimizing the pH, temperature and molarity of the reactant bath. The as-deposited thin-films were annealed at 200^oC in air for 1h and further characterized for structural, optical and electrical properties using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Hall effect for type of conductivity, and I-V measurement to investigate the char...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility betweeen 0.03 and 300 K and of the magnetization between 0.05 and 10 K for magnetic fields up to 60kOe have been used to investigate effects from the interaction between the conduction electrons and local magnetic moments in (Lasub(1-x)Cesub(x))B_6 alloys (0.0007<=x<=0.10). For Ce concentrations x<0.006 the data show Kondo-type single impurity behaviour at low temperatures with a transition from a magnetic to a non-magnetic regime of the Ce ions. In the magnetic regime the impurity susceptibility follows a Curie-Weiss law, and in the non-magnetic regime it varies with T"2. An external magnetic field gradually restores the free-ion behaviour of the Ce impurities. For more concentrated alloys interactions between the impurities are observed. The RKKY interaction strength derived is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than in the Kondo system CuFe. Values of the s-f ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The corona wind caused by nonuniform electric fields has been experimentally reported so far to be effectively applicable to heat transfer augmentation. In this paper, first, a theoretical and experimental study has been conducted to make clear such a mechanism of augmentation of heat transfer to a downward-facing flat plate due to a nonuniform electric field caused by a fine wire anode and a plate cathode as that ions produced near the wire electrode move to the plate introducing the bulk convective motion of fluid caused by collision of ions and neutral molecules. Secondly, experiments have been carried out by using twin and multi-wire electrodes and the plate to find the augmentation performance of heat transfer for the number and the arrangement of the wire electrodes, to explain the performance from the electrohydrodynamical standpoint based on the theoretical investigation and to obtain important and fundamental data ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

For direct writing of electrically conducting connections and areas into insulating gold oxide thin films a scanning Ar"+ laser beam and a 30 keV Ga"+ focused ion beam (FIB) have been used. The gold oxide films are prepared by magnetron sputtering under argon/oxygen plasma. The patterning of larger areas (dimension 10-100 #mu#m) has been carried out with the laser beam by local heating of the selected area above the decomposition temperature of AuO_x(130-150 C). For smaller dimensions (100 nm to 10 #mu#m) the FIB irradiation could be used. With both complementary methods a reduction of the sheet resistance by 6-7 orders of magnitude has been achieved in the irradiated regions (e.g. with FIB irradiation from 1.5 x 10"7#OMEGA#/#square# to approximately 6 #OMEGA#/#square#). The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) show a considerably reduced oxygen content in the irradiated areas, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as atomic force ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bench-scale batch equilibration tests have been conducted with supernatants from two underground tanks at the Melton Valley Storage Tank (MVST) Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to determine the effectiveness of selected ion exchangers in removing cesium, strontium, and technetium. Seven sorbents were evaluated for cesium removal, nine for strontium removal, and four for technetium removal. The results indicate that granular potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate was the most effective of the exchangers evaluated for removing cesium from the supernatants. The powdered forms of sodium titanate (NaTiO) and cystalline silicotitanate (CST) were superior in removing the strontium; however, for the sorbents of suitable particle size for column use, titanium monohydrogen phosphate (TiHP {phi}), sodium titanate/polyacrylonitrile (NaTiO-PAN), and titanium monohydrogen phosphate/polyacrylonitrile (TiP-PAN) gave the best results and were about ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

At room pressure and temperature the system EuOsub(1-x)Nsub(x) has two solid-solubility ranges, each with the NaCl structure: for 0 =< x =< 0.30 the system is ferromagnetic and semiconducting above the Curie temperature; for 0.92 =< x <1 it is metallic. Conductivity and Seebeck voltages indicate intrinsic behaviour above 310 K with an energy gap that decreases with increasing x for 0 =< x =< 0.30. Magnetic susceptibilities are consistent with 4f"6 configurations at x europium ions per molecule and a ferromagnetic Curie temperature Tsub(C) that increases with x. Low-temperature transport measurements were made only for 0.20 =< x =< 0.30: a minimum in the electrical conductivity, approximately 30 K above Tsub(C) correlates well with the onset of an anomalous low-temperature crystal contraction and with deviations from a Curie-Weiss law typical of short-range magnetic order. Below Tsub(C) there is a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Effects of dopant and coating carbon nanotube on anodic performance of Si were studied for metallic anode Li ion rechargeable battery with large capacity. Although the large Li intercalation capacity higher than 1500mAhg{sup -1} is exhibited on pure Si, it decreased drastically with increasing cycle number. Increasing the electrical conductivity by doping Cr or B is effective for increasing the initial capacity and the cycle stability of Si for Li intercalation. Coating semiconductive Si with the carbon nanotube by decomposition of hydrocarbon is effective for increasing the cycle stability, though the initial Li intercalation capacity slightly decreased. Conducting binder is also important for increasing the cycle stability and it was found that Li intercalation capacity higher than 1500mAhg{sup -1} can be sustained by using poly vinyliden fruolide. Consequently, reversible Li intercalation capacity of 1500mAhg{sup -1} was ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The magnetic susceptibility chi of Cesub(x)Lasub(1-x)B_6, Cesub(x)Eusub(1-x)B_6, Smsub(x)Lasub(1-x)B_6, and Smsub(x)Cesub(1-x)B_6 is investigated for temperatures of 80 to 1000 K. chi of Cesub(x)Lasub(1-x)B_6 and Cesub(x)Eusub(1-x)B_6 obeys the Curie-Weiss law. The composition dependence of effectiv magnetic moment #mu#sub(eff) exhibits an unusual behaviour. The value of #mu#sub(eff) per cerium ion abruptly decreases on substituting the cerium ions in CeB_6 by lanthanium ions. The values of the Weiss constants agree with the conclusions of the RKKY theory of indirect exchange by conduction electrons. The temperature dependence of chi of Smsub(x)Lasub(1-x)B_6 and Smsub(x)Cesub(1-x)B_6 do not obey the Curie-Weiss law. Both magnetic and X-ray data show that in Smsub(x)Lasub(1-x)B_6 and Smsub(x)Cesub(1-x)B_6 solid solutions the relative concentration of Sm"2"+ and Sm"3"+ ions changes ...

Science.gov (United States)

Some acylhydrazine derived ONO donor Schiff bases and their Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes have been prepared having the same metal ion (cation) but different anions. These synthesized metal(II) complexes have been characterized on the basis of their elemental analyses, magnetic moment, molar conductance, and IR and electronic spectral data. All of the Schiff base ligands function as tridentates and the deprotonated enolic form is preferred for coordination. In order to evaluate the effect of anions on the bactericidal activity, these synthesized complexes, in comparison to the uncomplexed Schiff bases have been screened against bacterial species., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the results are reported. PMID:18475936

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A significant number of biosorption studies on the removal of heavy metal from aqueous solutions have been conducted worldwide. Nearly all of them have been directed towards optimizing biosorption parameters to obtain the highest removal efficiency while the rest of them are concerned with the biosorption mechanism. Combinations of FTIR, SEM-EDX, TEM as well as classical methods such as titrations are extremely useful in determining the main processes on the surfaces of biosorbents. Diverse functional groups represented by carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulfate and amino groups play significant roles in the biosorption process. Solution pH normally has a large impact on biosorption performance. In brief, ion exchange and complexation can be pointed out as the most prevalent mechanisms for the biosorption of most heavy metals. (Abstract Copyright [2008], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Photoelectron resonance capture ionization (PERCI) mass spectrometry has been developed for the direct online analysis of organics, including lipids. Analysis is conducted without the need for sample preparation or chemical derivatization such as methylation, foregoing the use of harmful or toxic chemicals. PERCI is currently being adapted towards the analysis of edible oils. Herein, as a proof of principle of the simplicity and potential utility of this method towards the analysis of edible oils, we present the analysis of the prevalent fatty acids (FA) in Tuscan extra-virgin olive oil along with triolein and linolenic acid (LNA) standards. Ionization of olive oil results in little fragmentation of the prevalent FA, which are measured as their molecular ions, [FA-H]-. The relative concent...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A poly(ether urethane) (PEUR)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/SiO2 based nanocomposite polymer is prepared and employed in the construction of high efficiency all-solid-state dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells. The introduction of low-molecular weight PEUR prepolymer into PEO electrolyte has greatly enhance the electrolyte performance by both improving the interfacial contact properties of electrode/electrolyte and decreasing the PEO crystallization, which were confirmed by XRD and SEM characteristics. The effects of polymer composition, nano SiO2 content on the ionic conductivity and I3- ions diffusion of polymer-blend electrolyte are investigated. The optimized composition yields an energy conversion efficiency of 3.71% under irradiation by white light (100 mW cm-2).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Conditions of the separation and detection of organic and inorganic anions by gradient ion chromatography and suppressed conductivity detection were studied, and the procedure of gradient elution was optimized. A detection limit of 1 x 10{sup -3} {mu}g x L{sup -1} was obtained using the pre-concentrated column and most relative standard deviations obtained in the determination of seven organic and inorganic anions were below 5%. This method was proved to be simple, rapid and accurate for the separation and determination of low-molecular-weight organic acids and inorganic anions and could be applied in the analysis of the samples from water and steam systems of thermal power plants with satisfactory results. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The thermal properties (thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, thermoelectric power, thermal dilatation, etc.) and the mechanical properties (Young's modulus, strength, hardness, fracture toughness, etc.) have been measured at low temperatures (4-300K) and under a high magnetic field (0-10T) for about 50 REBaCuO bulks (RE=Y, Gd, Nd, Sm, Dy, etc.). We have constructed the database of these properties and opened it on the Web site (thermal properties: http://ikebehp.mat.iwate-u.ac.jp/database.html and mechanical properties: http://paris.mech.iwate-u.ac.jp/sc-bulk/database.html). The influence of the species of RE ions, the content, size and dispersion of the RE211 (or Nd422) phase and Ag particles and the defects distribution on these properties is characterized.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pulse reactor experiments were conducted on the reactions of unlabeled or deuterium- or oxygen-18-labeled allyl alcohols over molybdenum trioxide and various bismuth molybdates in the absence or presence of oxygen and ammonia. The allyl alcohol apparently adsorbed on oxidation sites to form acrolein via allyl molybdates, and on Broensted acid sites to form diallyl ether via an allyl carbonium ion. The bismuth enhanced ..cap alpha..-hydrogen abstraction, which was the rate-determining step in the oxidation. The product distributions provided evidence that the selective oxidation of propylene to acrolein proceeds via a m-allyl molybdate which collapses to an O o-allyl molybdate prior to the second hydrogen abstraction, and that the analogous N o-complex in ammoxidation undergoes two hydrogen abstractions to form acrylonitrile. Detailed reaction schemes are developed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Better properties of magnesium make it a natural choice for use as an anode material in rechargeable batteries. However, the magnesium alloy thin sheets used in rechargeable batteries were produced by ingot casting and rolling. That technology was so complex and the cost was high. Rapidly solidification by melt spinning is an effect way to solve that problem. In this paper, the technology of rapidly solidified (RS) ribbons in Mg-3%Al-1%Zn-0.2%Mn alloy has been investigated using melt spinning technique. The effect of wheel speed on thickness and microhardness of the ribbons is presented. Microhardness is found to increase with the wheel speed. Rapidly solidification leads to small grains (1{proportional_to}2 {mu}m). The plasticity of the ribbons was well. The quantity of Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} decreases with the increase in wheel speed. When the wheel speed reaches 1600 rpm, no Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} phase precipitates. As the increase of the wheel ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was employed to investigate the initial regime of rare earth metal (REM) conversion coatings formation on AZ31 magnesium alloy. Three REM salts solutions, 0.05 mol.dm"-"3 Ce(NO_3)_3, La(NO)_3 and Sm(NO)_3 solutions, were used for REM conversion coatings preparation. By deconvoluting the ellipsometric data, the surface of the fresh well-polished AZ31 magnesium alloy was found to be covered with 15.80 nm thick native (hydr)oxide film; the refractive indices and the thickness of Ce, La and Sm conversion coatings were obtained. The formation kinetics of three REM coatings follows different exponential functions and the coatings exhibit different optical properties. La conversion coating has the largest n values and the lowest k values while Sm conversion coating is just opposite. Moreover, the pH variation of the bulk conversion solutions upon the coatings formation was recorded. It is confirmed that the reduction ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A press formability of magnesium alloy sheet cannot be evaluated by only general characteristics in tensile test; tensile strength, elongation n-value and r-value. For example, AZ31-alloy elongates about 20% in room temperature but breaks easily at shallow stage in deep drawing, which is caused by little local elongation (local necking). Crystallographic restriction of slip deformation in this alloy produces high strength, which almost equal to macroscopic fracture strength. In press forming, the bending under high tension requires a large deformability. A great difference in the deformability between AZ31 magnesium alloy and a strain hardened A1100 Aluminum (only 5% in elongation) is shown by static bending test with V-notch. In a rolled plate of AZ31, a crack is produced by stress concentration and propagates with reduced load at all testing temperature up to 453 K. In contrast, the point of notch in A1100 is dulled by local plastic ...

CERN Document Server

Compact Proton and Carbon Ion Synchrotrons for Radiation Therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A number of high voltage cathode materials are now being considered for their ability to increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. In this study, a lithium-nickel composite alloy (LiNiVO{sub 4}) was synthesized using a rheological phase reduction method that incorporated mixtures of LiOH-H{sub 2}O, Ni(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 2}, 4H{sub 2}O, NH{sub 4}VO{sub 3} and C{sub 2}H{sub 2}O{sub 4}-2H{sub 2}O. The rheological phase method was used to prepare the compounds from a solid-liquid rheological mixture. Solid reactants were first mixed in a proper molar ratio, and water or solvents were added to the solid-liquid rheological body. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform (FT) analyses were conducted to characterize the powders. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the morphological features and particle sizes of the powders. Results of the analyses indicated that the single-phase LiNiVO{sub 4} composite is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Diamond-like carbon thin films for tribological applications were deposited by d.c.-magnetron sputtering of a graphite target in a pure argon atmosphere or in a reactive hydrogen or methane atmosphere at pressures between 0.1 and 1 Pa in a graded constitution to improve adhesion and reduce residual stress. The temperature of the metallic, carbon- and ceramic-like substrates was below 100 C. The mechanical, thermal, electronic and optical properties of the carbon thin films show a significant dependence on the ion energy. Below 220 eV, strongly adherent black conductive films with hardness values up to 2000 HV0.05 were obtained. Hard and superhard diamond-like carbon thin films were deposited in an energy range between 220 and 370 eV with hardness values up to 4000 HV0.05. They are insulating, optically transparent and show a high degree of hardness combined with high compressive stress in the order of 4 GPa as well as a low adhesion, which ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A preliminary investigation was conducted on ion specific membranes. This investigation concentrated on testing candidate organic compounds for transporting cesium ions through a membrane composed of the organic compound supported on a substrate. Solid PVC membranes were initially tried, but were found to be too slow. Thereafter, only liquid membranes were tested. These were faster and cesium concentration factors up to 2.96 were achieved in a single membrane cell. A cell with two membranes achieved a cesium concentration factor of 4.19. Cesium precipitation with sodium tetraphenyl borate in high sodium concentrations was explored. No interference from sodium was found until the sodium nitrite concentration reached 4.5 moles. Concurrently, cesium concentrations as high as 5.4 g/L were precipitated. Potassium tetraphenyl borate is being investigated for use in exchange columns for the removal of cesium from solutions. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Research highlights: ? Reports a high protection system for the alloy in corrosive environment. ? Describes an interfacial process with self-healing properties. ? Reports the influence of substrate pre-treatment in the coating performance. - Abstract: In this paper the interface of poly(vinylidene fluoride) coatings prepared by the dip coating method and HF-treated AZ31 magnesium alloy was evaluated. The best performance of this system in corrosion tests compared to ground, as-received and acetic acid cleaned substrates is related to an acid-base interaction at the interface and to interfacial reactions which resulted in a self-healing process. The protectiveness of the samples was investigated using impedance and immersion tests while the coating morphology and interface stability were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and adhesion tests.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

AZ31 magnesium alloy was friction-welded to AM60 and the microstructures and the friction welding process were studied. The microstructures changed near the weld interface. The AZ31 was refined to a grain size of several {mu}m near the weld interface. The nucleation occurred in the shear bands that were introduced during the welding process. On the other hand, the eutectic structure was deformed and the lamellar structure which was composed of {alpha}-Mg and Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} was formed near the weld interface in AM60 alloy. In the friction process, the adhesion and peel off occurred alternately between AZ31 and AM60. Eventually, bonding was completed during upset process. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dynamic development of new grain boundaries was studied in compression of a magnesium alloy AZ31 with initial grain sizes (D{sub 0}) of 22 {mu}m and 90 {mu}m at a temperature of 673 K. Kink bands are evolved near corrugated grain boundaries and in grain interiors at low strains accompanied with new fine grains. Kink bands are developed often perpendicular to the basal plane. The boundary misorientation of kink band as well as the volume fraction of new grains increases rapidly with increasing strain and approaches a saturation value in high strain. New fine grains are developed faster with decrease in the D{sub 0}. It is concluded that new grain evolution is controlled by a deformation-induced continuous reaction, i.e. continuous dynamic recrystallization (DRX). (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Powder mold type solid state battery was fabricated, and positive electrode compounding ratio and the battery characteristics were studied. The current density depended greatly on the TiS2 content of positive electrode material, and the current density showed maximum value of 800 {mu}A/cm{sup 2} at a TiS2 content of 40 wt%. This composition is expected to be the best to provide better charge-discharge characteristics. The rate capability of TiS2 is dominated by Li{sup +} ion in positive electrode. Further, the diffusion of lithium ion is greatly dominated by TiS2 in positive electrode, compounding ratio of solid state electrolyte and its particle size. Results of charge-discharge characteristics studied for various charge-discharge current densities revealed that the rate capability of TiS2 was more than 50% for a current density of less than 254 {mu}A/cm{sup 2}, and this battery system proved the possibility of high rate of charge-discharge. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report summarizes the major activities conducted in the Chemical and Energy Research Section of the Chemical Technology Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) during the period October--December 1997. The section conducts basic and applied research and development in chemical engineering, applied chemistry, and bioprocessing, with an emphasis on energy-driven technologies and advanced chemical separations for nuclear and waste applications. The report describes the various tasks performed within six major areas of research: Hot Cell Operations, Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics, Separations and Materials Synthesis, Fluid Structure and Properties, Biotechnology Research, and Molecular Studies. The name of a technical contact is included with each task described, and readers are encouraged to contact these individuals if they need additional information. Activities conducted within the area of Hot Cell ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There are 13 Electron Beam Ion Sources in operation which produce highly charged ions, up to Th[sup 80+] and Xe[sup 53+]. Most of the sources are used to study these ions under electron impact or when recombining with gaseous or solid targets. That provides an insight into the atomic physics of these highly charged ions and into the physics of the plasma in which such ions can be found. This paper reviews the present knowledge of atomic processes, important in the production of such ions with an EBIS.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The separation, concentration, and determination of trace elements in iron ores are described. After the sample has been dissolved, the iron is separated by liquid-liquid extraction with a liquid cation-exchanger, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid. The trace elements aluminium, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, potassium, sodium, vanadium, and zinc are determined in the aqueous phase by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background: Diet plays a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but little is known about the contributions of specific nutrients in populations in which dietary patterns...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

After being pre-plated a zinc layer, an amorphous Al-Mn alloy coating was applied onto the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy with a bath of molten salts. Then the corrosion performance of the coated magnesium alloy was examined in 3.5% NaCl solution by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the single Zn layer was active in the test solution with a high corrosion rate while the Al-Mn alloy coating could effectively protect AZ31B magnesium alloy from corrosion in the solution. The high corrosion resistance of Al-Mn alloy coating was ascribed to an intact and stable passive film formed on the coating. The performances of the passive film on Al-Mn alloy were further investigated by Mott-Schottky curve and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. It was confirmed that the passive film exhibited n-type semiconducting behavior in 3.5% NaCl solution with a ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The formation of the ions charge and energy distributions of the ions slowed down or randomly changing their charge in the collisions with the medium particles are studied. The effect of the ions dispersion by the charge on the Bragg curve form is investigated. The proposed diffusion approximation for the heavy ions kinetic equation makes it possible to determine simply the parameters of the ions distribution by charge and energy on the whole way of the ions motion. The relation between the ions charge distribution characteristics and the cross sections of the ionization-recombination processes is indicated. The ions distributions, calculated in the proposed analytical model, are compared with the results of the numerical calculations. Good agreement between the analytical, numerical and experimental results is obtained

Science.gov (United States)

Permeable reactive barriers (PRB) are a promising technology for the remediation of groundwater containing a range of organic and inorganic contaminants. Although there are number of different types of reactive barriers, some of the most important are constructed from granular zero valent iron (ZVI). One challenge in the large- scale, long-term implementation of PRBs is to monitor the change in barrier properties over time. For example, mineral precipitates can reduce the effectiveness of the barrier by either insulating the reaction surfaces of the ZVI particles and/or by filling the pore space in the barrier and thus reducing its hydraulic permeability. Previous research has shown that resistivity and induced polarization (IP) measurements are sensitive to corrosion and precipitation due to redox reactions between ions in solution and the ZVI mineral surface. New field studies, supported by additional laboratory studies appear to confirm this work. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Published in summary form only.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The properties of negative-ion beams are very important for designing negative-ion apparatus and applications of negative-ion beams, especially, electron detachment cross-sections at the interaction between negative-ion beams and gas particles in the transport system, and secondary-electron emission factors when negative ions are incident on solid surfaces. These properties of negative-ion beams were investigated experimentally as a function of the ion energy under 50 keV. The single electron detachment cross-sections are almost constant in the other of 10[sup -15] cm[sup 2] in this energy range, but double electron detachment cross-sections increase in proportion to the ion velocity and much smaller than the single one. As for the secondary-electron emission factor, the emission factors for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have studied the correlation between the chemical state and the oxygen-sensing properties of an iron oxide thin film using a setup that allows simultaneous sensor resistance measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data acquisition. The gas exposures were performed at the highest operating pressure of the XPS spectrometer at a controlled sample temperature which allows direct comparison between the sensor response and the chemical state of the surface. The iron oxide film was modified by a sequence of argon ion sputtering steps and the induced changes in the chemical state, resistance, and sensitivity to oxygen were investigated. The sputtering was found to reduce the iron from the Fe"3"+ to the Fe"2"+ state and to decrease the sensor resistance. The measured sensitivity to oxygen first increased by a factor of two but then collapsed to its original level. The mechanism for oxygen sensing was found to be filling of the oxygen vacancies in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A novel process was proposed to synthesize nano Sb-encapsulated pyrolytic polyacrylonitrile composite for anode material in lithium secondary batteries. The preparation started with the dissolution of SbCl{sub 3} and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution, followed by the addition of KBH{sub 4} to reduce Sb{sup 3+} in the solution. The Sb composite was obtained by pyrolysis of the Sb/PAN mixture that precipitated out when the DMF solution was added by plentiful water. The TEM analysis showed that about 100-200 nm Sb particles were embedded by the pyrolyzed PAN, which provided a conductive matrix to relieve the morphological change of Sb during electrochemical cycling. As-prepared composite presented good cycleability for lithium storage. The proposed process paves an effective way to prepare high performance alloy based composite anode materials for high performance lithium-ion batteries. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carbon nanofiber (CNF) supported cobalt oxide composites as high-capacity anode materials were prepared through a facile, effective method for potential use in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The effects of the calcining temperature on the crystallinity, grain size, specific surface area of Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} and phase transformation from Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} to CoO were studied in detail. Both the specific surface area and CNF content in CNF-cobalt oxide composites strongly affect the electrochemical performance of these series composites. The CNF-Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} composite with 24.3% CNF pyrolyzed at 500{sup o}C in Ar shows an excellent cycling performance, retaining a specific capacity of 881 mAh g{sup -1} beyond 100 cycles. Homogeneous deposition and distribution of nanosized Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} particles on the surface of CNF can stabilize the electronic and ionic conductivity as well as the morphology of Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} phase, which may ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The layered cobaltate La0.30CoO2 was prepared from NaxCoO2 precursor by a solid-state ionic exchange and was characterized by means of X-ray and neutron diffraction, magnetic, thermal and electric transport measurements. The compound consists of hexagonal sheets of edge-sharing CoO6 octahedra interleaved by lanthanum monolayers. Compared to Na+ in the parent system, the La3+ ions occupy only one-third of available sites, forming a 2-dimensional superstructure. The deviation from the ideal stoichiometry La1/3CoO2 introduces extra hole carriers into the diamagnetic LS Co3+ matrix making the sample Pauli paramagnetic. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity in La0.30CoO2 follows Mott's T?1/3 law up to about 400K, which is in contrast w...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The structural change of the (100-x)(0.6Li[sub 2]S[center dot]0.4SiS[sub 2])centre dotxLi[sub 3]PO[sub 4] oxysulfide glassesduring crystallization was analyzed by means of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The unique tetrahedral units of SiO[sub n]S[sub 4-n] (n=1,2,3) and PO[sub n]S[sub 4-n] (n=1,2,3) present in the glass samples vanished and the SiS[sub 4], PS[sub 4], SiO[sub 4] units increased with proceeding of the crystallization process. Nonbridging sulfur and oxygen atoms decreased while bridging oxygens and S[sup 2-] increased with proceeding of the crystallization process. Large structural difference between the glass and the corresponding crystallized sample explained the high stability against crystallization found in the oxysulfide glass with the composition of X=5. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Properties of photoconductive ultraviolet detectors fabricated on ZnO films were presented. Highly c-axis oriented ZnO films were grown on glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Ultraviolet photodetectors were fabricated based on metal-semiconductor-metal planar structures. The photoresponsivity and the quantum efficiency are much higher in the ultraviolet range than in the visible range, and the peak values are around 360 nm. Photocurrent transients show that the detector has a large photocurrent with the peak value of 2.8 mA, and a slow photoresponse with a rise time of 5 min and a decay time of 7 min. The response curve of the detector is fitted well with exponential curve. The large photocurrent should result from the both effects of the accumulation of conduction electrons and the decrease of the barrier height between crystallites. The relaxation time constant {tau} obtained from the curve fitting represents the time accumulation during the process. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

ABO{sub 3} perovskite-type oxides having vacancies in the A-sites of their structure are interesting candidates for solid electrolytes when their A-sites are occupied by Li{sup +} ions having a high mobility. This is the case with the [Li{sub 3x}La{sub 2/3-x}]TiO{sub 3} solid solution compound which has a 10{sup -3} S cm{sup -1} ionic conductivity at ambient temperature. Electrochemical intercalation in this material is possible thanks to the presence of Ti{sup 4+} but the small amount of vacancies (0.33 maximum) leads to a low intercalation rate. In order to solve this problem, the LiLaNb{sub 2}O{sub 7} material which has a greater amount of vacancies has been studied and the results relative to the electrochemical intercalation of lithium in this perovskite are presented. The thermodynamical and kinetics properties of the lithium intercalation reaction have been studied by intermittent galvano-static discharges and impedance spectroscopy in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The influence of high energy electron (23 MeV) irradiation on the electrical characteristics of p-channel polysilicon thin film transistors (PSTFTs) was studied. The channel 220 nm thick LPCVD (low pressure chemical vapor deposition) deposited polysilicon layer was phosphorus doped by ion implantation. A 45 nm thick, thermally grown, SiO{sub 2} layer served as gate dielectric. A self-alignment technology for boron doping of the source and drain regions was used. 200 nm thick polysilicon film was deposited as a gate electrode. The obtained p-channel PSTFTs were irradiated with different high energy electron doses. Leakage currents through the gate oxide and transfer characteristics of the transistors were measured. A software model describing the field enhancement and the non-uniform current distribution at textured polysilicon/oxide interface was developed. In order to assess the irradiation-stimulated changes of gate oxide parameters the gate oxide tunneling ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Under severe operating conditions, such as starved lubrication, performance, service life, and reliability of rolling element bearings depend on the chemical and physical interactions between the contacting surfaces, the lubricant components, and the atmosphere. The IMKT{sup 1}, PI{sup 2}, and the imt{sup 3} have been cooperating on systematic investigations of interfacial interactions in high speed grease lubricated ball bearings. These include long time tests with complete bearings lubricated with greases of different composition under defined operating conditions, conducted at the IMKT, and chemical and physical characterizations of the running surfaces at the PI and imt. At the PI, in particular the chemical nature of the boundary layers has been investigated with time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The imt has been involved in the investigations by measuring the physical/mechanical properties of interacting surfaces ...

Science.gov (United States)

Measurements of PEM fuel cell device performance were made with different gas inlet temperatures and relative humidity using a newly-designed test fixture. Significant improvement in device performance was observed when the fuel inlet temperature was increased above the operating temperature of the cell. These measurements were then correlated to a model to describe energy and mass transport processes. Proton exchange membrane (PEM), fuel cells--the focus of this study--use an ion conducting polymer, especially polyperfluorosulfonic acid materials. These polymer materials, when imbibed with water, exhibit solution-like properties, but because the anions are chemically bound to the polymeric structure, the electrolyte is contained. Importantly, product water removal is simplified, as electrolyte dilution is not a concern. However, the proton transport rate is a function of the polymer geometry, which is set, in part, by the polymer water ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This project is a seven year plan starting from 1997, and is aiming at developing vehicles that use the clean energy instead of petroleum, consume 1/2 of the running energy and discharge 1/2 of the CO{sub 2} of the existing vehicles. The research and development are respectively conducted for every kind of vehicles. Namely, for cars, the developments focus on methanol improved fuel battery cars and ANG series hybrid vehicles carried with flywheel battery. For 2 ton loading trucks, they are CNG self-ignition ceramics engine, capacitor/battery in combination use, series hybrid vehicles in combination with discharge energy recovery technology, CNG rarefaction combustion engine, use of lithium ion battery, and series/parallel hybrid vehicles etc. And, LNG mirror cycle engine, capacitor carrying, series hybrid vehicle, dimethylether engine, flywheel battery or capacitor carrying series hybrid vehicle etc., are for public transportation bus. (NEDO)

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Wastewater from a food-manufacturing plant with a low concentration of organic matter was treated at 37 centigrade in an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor or in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket. As the influent TOC (total organic carbon) concentration decreased, the TOC removal efficiency in these reactors decreased from 85% to 65%. The concentration of suspended solids in the effluent could be reduced to 20 mg/l, which corresponded to 7% of that in the influent. The effluent from both reactors was treated aerobically in a fixed-bed reactor. The TOC concentration and optical density of effluent from the aerobic treatment were reduced to 5 mg/l and 0.005, respectively. When the effluent treated anaerobically or aerobically was passed over an activated carbon column, the effluent TOC concentration was reduced to 2 to 3 mg/l. The conductivity in raw wastewater was remarkably reduced on an ion-exchange resin column. Ultra-pure water for industrial ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

... Screening Adjudication Monitoring Applicants of Information Behavior II I Conducting Investigations ... Applicants of Information Behavior Conducting ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Porous nanostructured LiFePO{sub 4} powder with a narrow particle size distribution (100-300nm) for high rate lithium-ion battery cathode application was obtained using an ethanol based sol-gel route employing lauric acid as a surfactant. The synthesized LiFePO{sub 4} powders comprised of agglomerates of crystallites <65nm in diameter exhibiting a specific surface area ranging from 8m{sup 2}g{sup -1} to 36m{sup 2}g{sup -1} depending on the absence or presence of the surfactant. The LiFePO{sub 4} obtained using lauric acid resulted in a specific capacity of 123mAhg{sup -1} and 157mAhg{sup -1} at discharge rates of 10C and 1C with less than 0.08% fade per cycle, respectively. Structural and microstructural characterization were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis while electronic conductivity and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A small-sized inexpensive carbon dioxide gassensor was prepared using LiTi2 (PO4)3 +0.2Li3PO4 as lithium-ion conductive, solid electrolyte and its detectability and the effects of co-existing gases were examined. The above compound was obtained by the method where a powdery mixture of Li2CO3, TiO2, (NH4)H2PO4 and Li3PO3 was molded in the presence of a sintering assistant, subjected to hydrostatic press, and sintered. Measurements were made on the relation between CO2 concentration and the electromotive force of the CO2 sensor made of the compound and the influence of concentration of coexisting NO2, SO2 or CH4 on the electromotive force. The results are summarized as follows. A linear relation exists between the electromotive force and the CO2 concentration in the range from 80ppm to 1% to show a good agreement between theoretical and experimental results. Coexistence of NO2 the range of 100-4500ppm has no influence on the electromotive force. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lithium metal-polymer electrolyte batteries with improved utilisation of the active material at a moderate-low temperature (65degC) were realised. Low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, MW=2000) was used as the lithium-ion conductive matrix in the composite cathode. The cathode active material was crystalline V{sub 2}O{sub 5}. A blend of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, MW=4x10{sup 6}) and PEG was used as a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). The transport properties of the SPE were evaluated at various temperatures. A specific conductivity as high as 1.0x10{sup -4} S cm{sup -1} was calculated at 45degC. The temperature dependence of the interfacial resistances between lithium/SPE and cathode material/PEG was evaluated. The lithium/SPE interfacial resistance decreases linearly with the temperature. The charge transfer resistance between cathode material and PEG reaches a minimum at 60degC and it does not decrease with a ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inelastic scattering of #alpha#-particles in 22-24 MeV energy range on "1"8o o, "1"9f, "2"0Ne, "2"2Ne nuclei is investigated. Measurements of excitation functions were conducted for the beam of Leningrad University cyclo otron at several angles in 15-165 deg range of laboratory system with 2.5 deg spacing. The error of determining absolute cross sections equals +-20% for "2"2Ne and +-12% for other nuclei. Angular distributions have the differaction character, are similar in form for all nuclei, the values of differential cross- -sections don't exceed the rutherford values. The dependence of integral cross-sections on the energy of level excitation is similar to the exponential d dependence of cross-sections of production of the given element isotopes on the gergy difference of masses of final nuclear products in the reactions of deeply inelastic transfers with heavy ions. The observed isotopic effect in the value of cross-sections of elastic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stearic acid gel is employed to study the phase evolution of MgTiO{sub 3} nanoparticles by thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared. During the preparation of stearic acid gel, tetrabutyl titanate easily absorbed moisture to hydrolyze into Ti(OH){sub 4} firstly, and then reacts with stearic acid and magnesium stearate to form magnesium-titanium oxide network polymer gel, meanwhile n-butanol is generated. When stearic acid gel is calcined in air, a series of oxidation and combustion reactions occur, meanwhile apparent heat is given off. The results show that a metastable intermediate phase Mg{sub 2}TiO{sub 4} is generated at 450 {sup o}C and nearly disappeared at 550 {sup o}C. Simultaneously, a new solid phase of MgTiO{sub 3} appears. The metastable intermediate phase Mg{sub 2}TiO{sub 4} is successfully identified in the current work.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study, isothermal torsion tests were carried out on magnesium AZ31B alloy under constant strain rate conditions, in the range of 250 to 400 C at 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 s{sup -1}. Alloy flow stress dependence on strain rate and temperature can be described by a power law with activation energy of 130 kJ/mol. Microstructural examination of hot deformed samples shows very fine recrystallized grains decorating grain boundaries of larger gains in the form of a necklace. These fine grains are produced by dynamic recrystallization at the grain boundaries of original grains. Microstructure evolution, based on samples quenched at different strain levels, indicates that increasing deformation strain has little effect on recrystallized grain size but widens the recrystallized region, with full recrystallization achieved at a certain high strain level. Recrystallized grain size increases with increasing deformation temperature and strain rate. The latter suggests ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The tensile and compressive properties as well as LCF and HCF performance of the extruded magnesium alloys AZ31 and AZ80 were determined in extrusion (L) and long-transverse (T) directions. Owing to marked crystallographic textures, both alloys showed pronounced directional mechanical properties in monotonic as well as cyclic loading with strength values in L-direction being significantly superior to those in T-direction. Thermomechanical treatments such as pressing, swaging and rolling were found to increase yield stresses and HCF strengths and to alter the directionality in properties due to textural modifications. To further improve HCF strengths, mechanical surface treatments such as shot peening, roller-burnishing and deep rolling were utilized. The results indicate marked improvements provided that suitable process parameters are used. The improvement of the HCF strengths is explained by the process-induced changes in near-surface dislocation densities and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to enhance the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy (AZ31) sheet, an integrated sheet-making process including billet casting, extrusion and rolling was attempted. Microstructural analysis was carried out and the mechanical properties at each processing step were also investigated by tensile tests. By an extrusion process of ingot-processed billet, average grain size of billet was reduced from 91.2 to 28.2 {mu}m, and a further reduction in grain size to 16.9 {mu}m was obtained by subsequent rolling of extruded 5 mm thin slab. In the final step, a rolled sheet of 1 mm showed a remarkable refinement in grain size down to 8.8 {mu}m. Regarding mechanical properties, tensile strength and elongation for as-cast billet, as-extruded thin slab and as-rolled sheet increased from 189, 258 to 234 MPa, and from 13, 16.5 to 23%, respectively. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In the present study, new light weight nano-composites (AZ31B-3.3Al2O3-Cu) based on magnesium alloy AZ31B are developed using disintegrated melt deposition technique. Microstructural characterization studies revealed grain refinement and significant increase in amount of second phases as a result of increasing presence of copper. All the samples exhibited minimal porosity and good matrix-second phase interfacial integrity. The results also showed that addition of both nano-Al2O3 and Cu led to a simultaneous improvement in 0.2% yield compressive strength (0.2%YCS), ultimate compressive strength (UCS) and work of fracture (WoF) of the AZ31B magnesium alloy while failure strain was marginally affected. The results of this study clearly illustrate the capability of AZ31B-Al2O3-Cu formulations ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Microstructure evolution under hot deformation was investigated in compression of a magnesium alloy AZ31 at 673 K (0.73T{sub m}). Two kinds of samples were machined along the parallel and transverse direction of the extruded rods. New fine grains are evolved at corrugated grain boundaries at low strains and developed rapidly in grain interiors in the medium range of strain, finally leading to a roughly full evolution of equiaxial fine grains. Kink bands are evolved at corrugated grain boundaries and in grain interiors at low strains. The boundary misorientation of kink band increases rapidly with increasing strain. These characteristics of new grain evolution process are not changed by the orientation of the samples, while the flow behaviors clearly depend on it. It is concluded that new grain evolution can be controlled by a deformation-induced continuous reaction resulting in grain fragmentation by kink bands, i.e. continuous dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The ...

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Negative ion based neutral beam injector is one of the most attractive heating system in future fusion reactors. In realizing the system, the crucial device which has to be developed is a high intensity negative ion source. Significant progress has been made on the negative ion source in these years. Among them, a few ampere negative ion beam were produced stably, while the divergence of negative ion beams becomes to be as low as < 10 mrad. We consider these results are demonstrating the potential of the negative ion source for the heating device in future reactors.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Multi-cation #alpha#-Sialon ceramics were prepared using mixtures of samarium with calcium, magnesium, yttrium and ytterbium, and compared with a pure Sm-Sialon of equivalent total stabilising cation composition. A ratio of 80eq% samarium to 20eq% of the second stabilising additive was used. Samples were fired at 1820 deg C and subsequently heat treated at 1450 deg C. XRD phase analysis showed that all additives resulted in greater #alpha#-Sialon stability, and that calcium was the most effective additive for the stabilisation of the #alpha#-Sialon phase. Copyright (1998) Australasian Ceramic Society

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The description is presented of binary phase diagrams of titanium alloyed with the following elements: silver, aluminium, arsenic, gold, boron, barium, beryllium, bismuth, carbon, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, gallium, germanium, hydrogen, hafnium, indium, iridium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nitrogen, sodium, niobium, nickel, oxygen, osmium, phosphorus, lead, palladium, platinum, plutonium, rhenium, lanthanium, cerium, preseodymium, neodymium, gadolinium, erbium, terbium, thulium, lutetium, rhodium, ruthenium, scandium, silicon, tin, strontium, tantalum, technetium, thorium, uranium, vanadium, tungsten, yttrium, ytterbium, zinc and zirconium.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This specification establishes requirements for design, testing, and quality assurance for electric heaters that will be used to maintain primary Sodium temperature in the Fast Test Facility (FFTF) reactor vessel. The Test Specification (WHC-SD-FF-SDS-003) has been revised to Rev. 1. This change modifies the fabrication of approximately 25 feet of the subject heater using ceramic insulators over the heater lead wire rather than compressed magnesium oxide. Also, 304 or 316 stainless steel can be used for the heater sheath. This change should simplify fabrication and improve the heater operational reliability.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The theoretical principles underlying the formation of oxide and, in particular, anodic oxide coatings on metals produced by chemical oxidation, anodizing in solutions, and anodizing in cold plasmas are reviewed. The mechanisms and conditions of anodic oxidation are described, and the structure of anodic oxide coatings on aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, zinc, cadmium, iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium, zirconium, tantalum, and chromium alloys is examined. Attention is also given to various applictins of anodized coatings. 54 references.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The adsorption properties of four samples of the #alpha#-modification of boron nitride (#alpha#-BN) were investigated by the gas-chromatographic method. According to the electron microscopy data, the #alpha#-BN particles possess the shape of thin plates. An #alpha#-BN sample prepared from magnesium polyboride, is the most uniform adsorbent. For a series of n-alkanes, benzene, and alkyl benzenes, by testing the #alpha#-BN samples one has obtained the retained volumes (Henry constants) and the values of the differential adsorption heat, which are close to those of the surface zero filling. These thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption have shown that the #alpha#-BN, line the graphitized thermal carbon black, is not a specific adsorbent.

Science.gov (United States)

INTRODUCTION. We searched for a pathophysiologically based feature of major water electrolytes, which may define water quality better than the water hardness, respecting urinary calculus formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Utilizing a multistage stratified sampling, 2310 patients were diagnosed in the imaging centers of the provincial capitals in Iran between 2007 and 2008. These were composed of 1755 patients who were settled residents of 24 provincial capitals. Data on the regional drinking water composition, obtained from an accredited registry, and their relationships with the region's incidence of urinary calculi were evaluated by metaregression models. The stone risk index (defined as the ratio of calcium to magnesium-bicarbonate product in drinking water) was used to assess the risk of calculus formation. RESULTS. No correlation was found between the urinary calculus incidence and the amount of calcium, bicarbonate, or the total hardness of the drinking water. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report summarizes the research conducted during Budget Period One on the project ''Improved Natural Gas Storage Well Remediation''. The project team consisted of Furness-Newburge, Inc., the technology developer; TechSavants, Inc., the technology validator; and Nicor Technologies, Inc., the technology user. The overall objectives for the project were: (1) To develop, fabricate and test prototype laboratory devices using sonication and underwater plasma to remove scale from natural gas storage well piping and perforations; (2) To modify the laboratory devices into units capable of being used downhole; (3) To test the capability of the downhole units to remove scale in an observation well at a natural gas storage field; (4) To modify (if necessary) and field harden the units and then test the units in two pressurized injection/withdrawal gas storage wells; and (5) To prepare the project's final report. This report ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The desire to study negative ion structure and negative ion-photon interactions has spurred the development of ion sources for use in research and industry. The many different types of negative ion sources available today differ in their characteristics and abilities to produce anions of various species. Thus the importance of choosing the correct type of negative ion source for a particular research or industrial application is clear. In this study, the results of an investigation on the production of beams composed of negatively-charged rare-earth ions from a cylindrical-cathode-geometry, cesium-sputter-type negative ion source are presented. Beams of atomic anions have been observed for most of the first-row rare-earth elements, with typical currents ranging from hundreds of picoamps to several nanoamps.

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The electrochromatographic behavior of 25 metal ions on zirconium tungstate-impregnated papers is described. Six background electrolytes were used. On the basis of the differential mobilities of metal ions which depend on the ion-exchange properties of zirconium tungstate and the nature of complex formation with the electrolytes, some important binary and ternary separations have been achieved.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Operation at ITER specifications of the Kamaboko III ion source for 1000 second pulses of deuterium negative ion beams is underway on the MANTIS test stand. Efficient production of negative ions at low arc power requires injection of cesium into the source, temperature control of the plasma grid, and a period of conditioning of several days. Two different concepts of temperature regulated plasma grids are currently being tested. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A general expression for the current-density distribution of a focused-ion beam (FIB) in the chromatic-aberration region is set up in the form of a definite integral. With the experimentally obtained ion-energy distribution of a liquid-metal ion source, its contribution to the FIB current-density distribution is estimated. Calculated results explain the wide-exponential tail of a FIB.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The apex dimensions and length are calculated as a function of current for the ion-emitting jet in liquid-metal ion sources (LMIS). The results agree well with observations. Since the final expressions are analytical, they give more insight into the fundamental mechanisms involved than do numerical calculations. Some implications of the model are discussed concerning focused ion beam (FIB) systems employing LMIS. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Progress in the development of negative ion sources and their application in fusion research is reviewed. (U.K.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Ion-channels can be activated (gated) by a variety of stimuli including chemicals, voltage, mechanical force or temperature. Whereas molecular mechanisms of ion-channel gating by chemicals and...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The performance of the PSI/ETH focused ion beam (FIB) system has been improved to produce ion beams of very low energies down to 40 eV with a reasonable spot size of 1 {mu}m at 200 eV. (author) 2 figs., 1 ref.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) now under construction at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory will use the 25-MV tandem accelerator for the acceleration of radioactive ion beams to energies appropriate for research in nuclear physics; negative ion beams are, therefore, required for injection into the tandem accelerator. Because charge exchange is an efficient means for converting initially positive ion beams to negative ion beams, both positive and negative ion sources are viable options for use at the facility; the choice of the type of ion source will depend on the overall efficiency for generating the radioactive species of interest. A high-temperature version of the CERN-ISOLDE positive ion source has been selected and a modified version of the source designed and fabricated for initial use at the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The dependences of kinetic energies and peak profiles of multicharged ions of I "q"+ (q = 2-3) and C"2"+ on the laser intensity have been studied in detail by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, those multicharged ions are produced by irradiation of methyl iodide cluster beam with a nanosecond 532 nm Nd-YAG laser. Our experiments show that the kinetic energies released of multicharged ions increase linearly with the laser intensity in the range of 3 x 10"9-2 x 10"1"1 W/cm"2. The peaks of multicharged ions are split to forward ions and backward ions, and the ratio of the backward ions to forward ions decreases exponentially with laser intensity. The decreasing of backward ions is probably due to Coulomb scattering by the heavier I"+ ions when they turn around through the laser focus ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book is a compliation and analysis of discussions of phenomena important to ion beams and high perveance ion beams. This text discusses physics essential to research on ion beam generation and propagation and provides some requisite background to understanding the criteria for designing electrodes. Ion sources are categorized in terms of their configurations, and the relationships between various types of sources is developed. Covers collisionless space charge phenomena, collisionless plasmas, collisional effects and the taxonomy of high poissance beams. Chapters also treat the field of intense negative ion beams.

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Analytical and numerical calculations are presented for a reflexing electron beam type of collective ion accelerator. These results are then compared to those obtained through experiment. By constraining one free parameter to experimental conditions, the self-similar solution of the ion energy distribution agrees closely with the experimental distribution. Hence the reflexing beam model appears to be a valid model for explaining the experimental data. Simulation shows in addition to the agreement with the experimental ion distribution that synchronization between accelerated ions and electric field is phase unstable. This instability seems to further restrict the maximum ion energy to several times the electron energy.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A specific radiochemical procedure for indium determination in semiconductor-grade silicon, using an inorganic ion exchanger (cerium oxalate) is proposed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... kinetics chemical reactions energy dependence ion-molecule collisions milli