Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A full scale experiment was carried out to investigate the texture characteristics of the falling water of free falling and slope failing types. According to the increase of Reynolds number, the texture of falling water was classified into three categories for both types: stability of free surface, transition and whole turbulence. In the first category the stability of the free surface was related to the growth of minute disturbance. Surface tension works as a counter, force to the disturbance in free falling water, and gravity in slope falling water. 14 refs., 15 figs., 3 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Method is proposed for expanding the pile foundation elastic analysis method (displacement method) to cover a larger displacement region, and its appropriateness is verified by a field test. In this report, stability calculation is discussed in which the present displacement method is expanded by assuming an equivalent plastic hinge on the pile head and by replacing the soil spring in the large displacement region with an equivalent linear elastic spring. A static horizontal loading test is conducted for a foundation using a real pile, which is an application of this method. On the assumption that a hinge is generated on the pile head, the pile spring constant of the current displacement method is replaced with a value that takes into consideration the plastic hinge region, and this enables the analysis of pile behavior even after breakdown. This method is applied to the result of a loading test using a real foundation, and it is found that it can roughly simulate the real relationship ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The running data of the super energy saving car on a course with a little difference within 1m in elevation were reported which was developed to pursue the minimum fuel consumption. The super car was featured by length of 2.72m, vehicle running mass of 38.5kg, engine displacement of 42cc and a rear drive tricycle with 2(F) and 1(R). The super car turned 10 times on a racing circuit of 925m a round at 20km/h or more in average speed, repeating engine-driven running and engine-stopped coasting. As a result, the vehicle velocity distribution was slightly affected by tire revolution, while the accelerating resistance was strongly affected by that. With an increase in tire revolution, the maximum accelerating resistance decreased in driven running and its variation converged rapidly in coasting. A total of distance in driven running was only 8% of the whole running one because of probably skilled driving as well as the vehicle performance. The fuel consumption rate also reached nearly ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper reported on an experiment on measurement of concentration of highly concentrated coal slurry using microwaves carried out at Miike coal preparation works. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate applicability of microwave moisture content measurement of slurry of a mixture of coal and coal particles and to use it to the control of process such as coal preparation and processing. In the experiment, a method for measuring the slurry concentration was adopted in which the container filled with highly concentrated coal slurry was irradiated with microwaves and the damping of strength of the penetrating microwaves was detected. As a result of the experiment, it was found out that there was a big correlation between the capacitive concentration of slurry and the damping ratio of microwaves. When irradiating slurry with microwaves of 1GHz frequency, a big correlation between the concentration and the damping ratio was seen in capacitive concentration of water of 40-100%. To ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes the calculation method of 3-D underground structures in TDME method which measures only field components. Recently, FDTD method was developed as calculation method in time domain difference calculus, and the forward analysis accuracy of 3-D fields was rapidly improved. The survey results using a large-scale loop (600m{times}360m) were numerically analyzed by FDTD method. 16 measuring lines were prepared in both X and Y directions, and measuring points were prepared on intersection points of the measuring lines. Since signal current is staircase one, step and impulse responses of the ground were determined by calculating magnetic field and its time differentiation. The rectangular body (120m{times}120m{times}100m) of 0.2S/m in conductivity (5 ohm m in resistivity) was installed 160m under the ground as 3-D resistivity anomaly. The ground of 0.01S/m (100 ohm m) was assumed. Time variation in horizontal magnetic field vector plot of impulse responses of the uniform ...

Science.gov (United States)

Based on a recent investigation that modeled the elastic properties (ie, strength, stiffness and range) of multistranded wires made from linearly elastic materials, three-stranded (triple) and six-stranded coaxial (coax) stainless steel (SS) wires were compared to single-stranded (single) SS and conventional nickel titanium (NiTi) leveling wires. To measure Young's modulus of elasticity (E), flexural tests were performed with an Instron mechanical testing machine in a three-point bending arrangement having a span length of 8.9 mm or 12.5 mm. A strong correlation between wire stiffness and the area moment of inertia demonstrated that strand interaction was negligible at low activations and that E = 199 GPa was constant even for the heavily drawn coax strands. Using the Instron with an extensometer, the 0.1% yield strengths (sigma(YS)) of the single SS wires and the straight inner strands within the coax wires were tested. The ratio of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An approximate solution was proposed in which a sensitivity analysis by the storage and release of heat was performed for the subject issues and in which an operating method was thereby determined for the equipment constituting the system by means of a linear programming. Accordingly, a heat storage type energy supply system for a district cooling and heating was taken up as a concrete object to be examined. This system consisted of a gas turbine generator, initial power receiving equipment, gas boiler, electric heat pump for ice heat storage, cooling tower, heat exchanger, steam absorbing refrigerating machine, ice heat storage tank, cold and warm water heat storage tank, etc. As a result of comparison between the proposed method and the resolving method, the former showed -0.92 to 2.58% in the increase in the operating cost compared with the latter. A case where the operating cost of the resolving method was sometimes larger than the proposed method was due to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new thin film manufacturing method is established to add a function to glass material surface, as a new material technology which harmonizes with global environment, and is suitable for resource re-utilization and energy conservation. It is intended to develop a leading technology to promote recycling of colored glasses by applying this technical method to colored glasses. Fiscal 1998 has implemented subsequently to fiscal 1997 the following subjects in the three research items composed of a new manufacturing method of functional thin films, application of the functional thin films to colored glasses, and the comprehensive investigative studies: establishment of an industrial manufacturing method for color coating liquid and evaluation of basic characteristics of the colored functional thin films, optimization of element technology for photo-sensitive gel films by means of chemically modifying metallic alkoxide, tests of forming films on glass bottles and plate glasses by using a ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Described herein are the latest trends in rolling mill facilities toward the 21st. century and new techniques developed by Hitachi Ltd. These cover hot rolling facilities, such as two-stage twin, high crown control-roll cross mill, roll shaping machine and continuous hot rolling systems; cold rolling facilities, such as pickling line-tandem cold mill and other continuous systems; and fine steel rolling facilities, such as roll mill for very small diameter pipes and others to improve productivity and product quality. The other new techniques include systems to pursue reliability and maintainability, in which electric appliances, instruments and computers are integrated, or equipped with built-in large-capacity inverters and drivers. For hot rolling, the above techniques lead to development of a new system named Hi-HOT, which produces high-quality hot coils at a sufficient speed, while keeping rolled steel at a desired temperature. 1 ref., 3 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The loosening equipment consists of a base machine and four-link suspension mechanism which is a cross frame with loosening gear connected to the base machine by universal hinges. In order to improve the reliability of the machine, the drive of transverse shifting in the cross frame is made of symmetrically arranged, shock-absorbing, hydraulic cylinders which are connected by additional universal hinges to the base machine and the lower pull rods. The design of the loosening machine guarantees its reliable operation on soil with significant quantity of hard inclusions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The friction and wear properties of glass fiber reinforced composites of nylons (nylon 6, nylon 66 and nylon 46) with different crystallinities due to their molecular structures were investigated by sliding them with alumina ceramics and using a pin-on-disk friction machine. The friction coefficients of the glass fiber reinforced nylons in oil were lower and more stable than those in air from the initial stage of friction. The transfer of nylon matrix to adhere onto the alumina surface in air was so much greater than in oil that the alumina surface could not be recognized. Consequently, a different between the friction and wear properties in air and in oil was resulted. Reinforcement of nylons with glass fiber remarkably improved their friction properties in oil by its lubricating action, while the wears were rather high contrary to what was expected. This tendency was conspicuous for nylon 46 with high crystallinity. Breakage and extracting of glass fibers from ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... brakes reactor charging machines reactors machine parts Int. Cl. B66d5/00;

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

PMID:21878105

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The K{beta}-to-K{alpha} X-ray intensity ratio of Ni in Ni{sub 3}Si, Ni{sub 2}Si and NiSi has been determined by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique. It is found that the intensity ratio of Ni decreases from pure Ni to Ni{sub 2}Si and then increases from Ni{sub 2}Si to NiSi, in good agreement with the electronic structure calculations cited in the literature. We have also performed band structure calculations for pure Ni in various atomic configurations by means of linear muffin-tin orbital method and used this data with the normalized theoretical intensity ratios cited in the literature to estimate the 3d-occupation numbers of Ni in Ni-Si alloys. It is emphasized that investigation of alloying effect in terms of X-ray intensity ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The exchange charge model of crystal field theory has been used to analyze systematically the ground state absorption spectra of octahedrally coordinated Ni{sup 2+} ion in isostructural nickel halide crystals NiCl{sub 2}, NiBr{sub 2}, and NiI{sub 2}. The parameters of the crystal field acting on the Ni{sup 2+} ion are calculated from the available crystal structure data. The obtained energy level schemes are compared with experimental absorption spectra; a good agreement with experimental data is demonstrated. Dependencies of the crystal field invariants and covalence effects on the type of ligands are considered. It is shown numerically that the overlap effects between Ni{sup 2+} ion and ligands increase with an increase of the ligands' atomic number resulting in the following order of the degree of covalence: NiI{sub ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Focused ion beam (FIB) microscopes have become well-established in the semiconductor industry during the past decade, and are rapidly gaining attention in the field of materials science, both as a tool for producing site specific, parallel sided transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimens and as stand alone specimen preparation and imaging systems. FIB secondary electron imaging (SEI) of nickel-based alloys, such as commercially produced Alloy 600 (approximately Ni 15Cr 10Fe 0.5C), has been demonstrated to show a high degree of sensitivity to the presence of deformation in the alloy, and FIB secondary ion imaging (SII) is particularly useful for identifying the presence of grain boundary corrosion, as secondary ion yields from metallic specimens can increase by three orders of magnitude in the presence of oxygen. This 'oxygen enhanced yield', makes FIB SII ideal for detection of corrosion at grain boundaries down to thicknesses of only a few tens of ...

Science.gov (United States)

A 12-month program was conducted to advance the technology of the Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process to be applicable to the stringent requirements of gun barrel boring and rifling. The type of barrels employed in the test were .220 swift gun ba...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the last two years, the VDMA work group 'Functional security' compiled a qualitative and quantitative procedure for the determination and evaluation of turbo-machine specific risks. With the calibrated risk graph for turbo-machines the requirements (Safety Integrity Level SIL) to the protective functions for turbo-machines (steam turbines, gas turbines, generators and compressors) were determined. With consideration of the legislation, the work group compiled a recommendation for the renewal and/or reconstruction of protective functions with old facilities.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADA079641. Title : Relation of the One-Phase Stefan Problem to the Seepage of Liquids and Electrochemical Machining,. ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

China's propaganda machine seeks to control public opinion at all costs?-?and the media is its tool, writes David Bandurski

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The author gives an account of tests with the X-phone system. The aim of the tests was to establish the reliability and behaviour of the apparatus mounted on a winning machine and to investigate the possibility of setting up a radio link, without laying an extra wire, between the foot of the tubbing-lined roadway and the winning machine on a steep face. The author describes the face and the test conditions and presents details of the satisfactory test results.

Wastenet

... Longer residence times attain finer grinds while shorter residence times attain higher outputs. Accordingly, the ATTOMILL can be set up to achieve optimum efficiency for individ ual applications. VENDOR INFORMATION: Peterson Machine Inc. www.microgrind.com/peterson/tech.htm Peterson Machine Inc. (formally Peterson North) was created under D. Peterson Machine & Fabrication Ltd. in 1994 after two years of successful ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present the synthesis, magnetic and UV spectrometry of NiZn-ferrite nanofiber. The single phase of spinel ferrite was obtained at 600 {sup o}C. The NiZn-ferrite fibers fabricated by an electrospinning process were formed as a polygonal grain growth with firing temperature in fiber matrix. It appeared that the saturation magnetization (M{sub S}) of NiZn-ferrite nanofiber was dependent on Ni/Zn molar ratio which is similar to that of the inverse spinel ferrites. The NiZn-ferrite fibers showed good DNA adsorption efficiency that can be modified and utilized for DNA separation with magnetic nanofiber as a novel material in clinical applications.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this investigation was to simulate a machining front from an abrasive waterjet and its movements in a ceramic material. Wear factors affecting the abrasive waterjet nozzle were also to be established. Therefore, a low inclination angle (9[degree]) was used between the nozzle and test sample, simulating a moving machine front. A standard nozzle with an inner diameter of 0.76 mm was used in the test, and it was placed close to the samples. The outer diameter of the abrasive nozzle was 9.5 mm. The high wear rate from abrasive waterjets makes it possible to machine hard ceramics-including dense alumina, titanium boride, silicon nitride, and composites-at high machining speeds.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this project is to investigate the applicability of a combined Global Positioning System and Inertial Measurement Unit (GPS/IMU) for information based displays on earthmoving machines and for automated earthmoving machines in the future. This technology has the potential of allowing an information-based product like Caterpillar's Computer Aided Earthmoving System (CAES) to operate in areas with satellite shading. Satellite shading is an issue in open pit mining because machines are routinely required to operate close to high walls, which reduces significantly the amount of the visible sky to the GPS antenna mounted on the machine. An inertial measurement unit is a product, which provides data for the calculation of position based on sensing accelerations and rotation rates of the machine's rigid body. When this information is coupled with GPS it ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Composite particles represented as TiV{sub 2.1}Ni{sub 0.3}-Raney Ni(R) were prepared by ball-milling a TiV{sub 2.1}Ni{sub 0.3} alloy with Raney Ni in the presence of 0.01 M sodium hypophosphite (NaH{sub 2}PO{sub 2}) aqueous solution as a reducing agent. The composite particles had different morphology from original TiV{sub 2.1}Ni{sub 0.3} alloy particles and TiV{sub 2.1}Ni{sub 0.3}-Raney Ni composite particles prepared by the ball-milling in the absence of the NaH{sub 2}PO{sub 2} aqueous solution. In charge-discharge cycle tests, the TiV{sub 2.1}Ni{sub 0.3}-Raney Ni(R) composite electrode showed the maximum discharge capacity of 620 mAh g{sup -1}, while its cycle durability was similar to the TiV{sub 2.1}Ni{sub 0.3} alloy electrode, which was explained from depth profiles of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The rare earth metal rich compounds RE4NiMg (RE=Y, Pr-Nd, Sm, Gd-Tm, Lu) were synthesized from the elements in sealed tantalum tubes in an induction furnace. All compounds were investigated by X-ray diffraction on powders and single crystals: Gd4RhIn type, space group F4-bar 3m, Z=16, a=1367.6(2) pm for Y4NiMg, a=1403.7(3) pm for Pr4NiMg, a=1400.7(1) pm for Nd4NiMg, a=1386.5(2) pm for Sm4NiMg, a=1376.1(2) pm for Gd4NiMg, a=1362.1(1) pm for Tb4NiMg, a=1355.1(2) pm for Dy4NiMg, a=1355.2(1) pm for Ho4NiMg, a=1354.3(2) pm for Er4NiMg, a=1342.9(3) pm for Tm4NiMg, and a=1336.7(3) pm for Lu4NiMg. The nickel atoms have trigonal prismatic rare earth coordination. These NiRE6 prisms are condensed via common edges to a ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present a study of the crystal field in PrNiAl, NdNiAl, ErNiAl and ErCuAl intermetallic compounds based on inelastic neutron spectroscopy. These compounds crystallize in the ZrNiAl-type hexagonal structure with an orthorhombic symmetry on rare-earth sites. The results are compared with the specific-heat data, and the lower parts of the crystal-field energy-level schemes are determined. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In the paper, the effect of Ni content, WC grain size and Mo2C addition on WC-6.25wt%TiC-9.3wt%Ni cemented carbide were investigated to improve the properties of Ni-bonded cemented carbides. The results show that the decrease of Ni content will result in the decrease of transverse rupture strength and increase of hardness; with the decrease of WC particle size, hardness increases due to the refinement of WC grains, however, the transverse rupture strength decrease due to the decrease of Ni binder thickness; Mo2C proves to be an effective grain growth inhibitor. With the increase of Mo2C content, the WC grains are refined and the hardness and transverse rupture strength are improved. Generally, when the Ni content is decreased to 8.4wt%, 13.45mm WC is used and 1.2wt% Mo2C is added, a higher...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ni-Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings were electrodeposited in a modified watt type of Ni-Co bath containing 20nm SiC particles to be codeposited. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were conducted to study the effect of the SiC particulates on the electrodeposition of Ni and Co. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the morphology of the Ni-Co alloy and Ni-Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings. The distribution of the particulates in the matrix was considered by means of transmission electron microscopy. Applying nanomechanical testing instruments coupled to atomic force microscopy, mechanical properties of the alloy and composite coatings were studied and compared. The presence of 11vol.% SiC in the Ni-Co matrix increased hardness more than 60%. The average depth of scratch in the mentioned ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Si/Ni alloy and graphite composites were synthesized using arc-melting followed by high energy mechanical milling (HEMM). Alloy particles comprising of NiSi2, NiSi and Si phases were distributed finely and uniformly on the surface of graphite in the composites obtained after Hem. The composite containing 60 wt.% of Si/Ni alloy exhibited a stable capacity of ?780 mAh/g. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that some bonds were formed between alloy and graphite after HEMM, which appeared to retain the electrical connection between alloy and graphite during cycling. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that NiSi2 and NiSi phases, which acted as an inactive alloy matrix remained invariant during charge and discharge. In addition to NiSi2 and NiSi phases, disordered graphite layers also ...

Science.gov (United States)

Automatic weapons such as machine guns and submachine guns are found in the German-speaking region only in special army and police units and appear accordingly rarely in homicides, suicides and accidents. In the following, the findings in two cases of death with the use of machine and submachine guns are presented. The first case was a fatal accident during shooting on a training area (current machine gun of the German army, calibre 7.62 x 51 mm), the second case was a killing during a physical conflict (submachine gun MP 40 from World War II, calibre 9 x 19 mm). In the case with the machine gun autopsy disclosed typical entry holes corresponding to the calibre, but unusually large exit wounds with tissue bridges in the wound ground, measuring 4 x 2.5 cm in diameter. By contrast, the second case (submachine gun) showed "normal" entry and exit wounds. The differences are mainly caused by deviating ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

More efficient and safe production machines are required for sod peat production. The efficiency and durability of machines is especially important in contract work. Two sod peat harvester types, Pala-14 and Turve-Unsa, were tested by the forest department of the Work Efficiency Associationin summer 1986. Sod peat was collected with these machines at three sod peat production sites. The yield of the Pala-14 harvester was 121 m/sup 3//h for harvesting time, and 56 m/sup 3//h for worksite time, and that of Turve-Unsa was 108 m/sup 3//h and 55 m/sup 3//h, respectively.

CERN Document Server

The whole computer hardware industry embraced multicores. For these machines, the extreme optimisation of sequential algorithms is no longer sufficient to squeeze the real machine power, which can be only exploited via thread-level parallelism. Decision tree algorithms exhibit natural concurrency that makes them suitable to be parallelised. This paper presents an approach for easy-yet-efficient porting of an implementation of the C4.5 algorithm on multicores. The parallel porting requires minimal changes to the original sequential code, and it is able to exploit up to 7X speedup on an Intel dual-quad core machine.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Surface quality is one of the most important criteria for establishing the optimum cutting parameters needed to perform a machining process. Usually, the evaluation of the degree of the surface finishing requires to apply metrological techniques which involve times out in the production. As a consequence of this, a loss in both the economy of the process and the fiability of the tests reproducibility can be produced. In this work a relation between cutting force and surface roughness has been studied for the turning process of an Al-Cu alloy. From this relation, the surface quality of the machined samples can be evaluated by using the cutting forces values acquired during the cutting process. (Author) 8 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Six intermetallic alloys (CeNi/sub 5/, MmNi/sub 5/, Ca/sub 0/ /sub 2/(Ce/sub 0/ /sub 65/Mm/sub 0/ /sub 35/)/sub 0/ /sub 8/Ni/sub 5/, Ca/sub 0/ /sub 2/Ce/sub 0/ /sub 8/Ni/sub 5/, Ca/sub 0/ /sub 2/Mm/sub 0/ /sub 8/Ni/sub 5/, and a mixed alloy, CeNi/sub 5//MmNi/sub 5/) were investigated with respect to their suitability to provide high hydrogen capacity and their potential for use in providing substantial hydrogen pressure at both low and high temperatures. A second phase of our investigation dealt with ball-milling and hydriding and dehydriding cycles to produce fine particles for use in hydride powder transfer studies. A summary of several Van't Hoff plots is also included for hydride-forming alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

... First one machine is compromised... ..then another... kosh delenn ivanova garibaldi sinclair londo kosh delenn ivanova garibaldi sinclair ...

Science.gov (United States)

verified Java program is executed by JPF, which is a virtual machine ..... only subset of Java instructions can have inter-thread effects ...

Science.gov (United States)

... non- emissive guidance and collision alert, automated transport in dynamic environments, and assembly and inspection. Foveal Vision, Autonomous Agents, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this project, graphite is used as a substitute for lead in order to maintain the machinability of plumbing components at the level of leaded brass. Graphite dispersed in Cu alloy was observed to impart good machinability and reduce the sizes of chips during machining of plumbing components in a manner similar to lead. Copper alloys containing dispersed graphite particles could be successfully cast in several plumbing fixtures which exhibited acceptable corrosion rate, solderability, platability, and pressure tightness. The power consumption for machining of composites was also lower than that of the matrix alloy. In addition, centrifugally cast copper alloy cylinders containing graphite particles were successfully made. These cylinders can therefore be used for bearing applications, as substitutes for lead-containing copper alloys. The results indicate that copper graphite alloys developed under this ...

CERN Document Server

"Machines of all kinds depend on complex software to keep them operating safely. But how reliable is the software - and how can we be sure it is reliable?" (4 pages)

Science.gov (United States)

TRACON controller, traffic flow manager, or pilot. .... separation violations to individual controller and ..... System, AGARD Meeting on Machine Intelligence ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Aerial deposition of Ni from a refinery in Port Colborne, Ontario, Canada has resulted in the enrichment of 29km2 of land with Ni concentrations exceeding the Canadian Ministry of the Environment's remedial action level of 200mgkg-1. Several studies on these soils have shown that making the soils calcareous was effective at reducing chemically extractable Ni, as well as alleviating Ni phytotoxicity symptoms in vegetable crops grown in the vicinity of the refinery. Conversely, dolomitic limestone additions resulted in increased uptake of Ni in the Ni hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale `Kotodesh', a plant whose use was proposed as a remediation strategy for this area. In this paper we use multiple techniques to directly assess the role soil type and lime treatments play in altering the speciati...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The intermetallic phase NiAl is a potential material for high-temperature applications; however, its technical application was prevented so far by its high brittleness at room temperature. This problem may be solved by incorporating relatively high-ductility particles into the NiAl matrix. Controlled crack propagation experiments, tensile and pressure tests were carried out in order to analyze the toughness and deformation characteristics of NiAl composite materials containing niobium or molybdenum particles at room temperature and in ambient atmosphere. Both the niobium and the molybdenum particles increase the toughness as compared to the pure NiAl matrix, but no ductilisation was observed in the composite materials investigated. Model experiments in consideration of experimental data suggest, hovewer, that the toughness and ductility of NiAl may be enhanced by optimizing the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The high temperature solid-state reaction between LiNiO{sub 2} and V{sub 2}O{sub 3} (or V{sub 2}O{sub 5}) in air used to prepare LiNiVO{sub 4} has been further studied. This quaternary Li-Ni-V-O reaction is strongly dependent on reaction temperature and lithium stoichiometry in Li{sub x}Ni{sub 2-x}O{sub 2} and has produced a highly crystalline LiNiVO{sub 4} material whose structure has been confirmed to be an inverse spinel by Rietveld analysis with a Bragg R-factor of 1.18 in the absence of crystal orientation preference. The cell performance of LiNiVO{sub 4} prepared at various temperatures or by varying x-values in Li{sub x}Ni{sub 2-x}O{sub 2} has been examined in lithium coin cells and indicated that preparation at low temperatures or when x=0.89 provided an electrode material with higher cell capacity. (orig.)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Many patients are currently suffering from nickel (Ni)-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). There have been few Korean studies dealing with the threshold of Ni-induced ACD and quantifying the...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new preparation method for LiNiVO{sub 4} has been developed. LiNiVO{sub 4} can be readily obtained from the solid state reaction of LiNiO{sub 2} and V{sub 2}O{sub 3} or V{sub 2}O{sub 5} at 700 C for 2 h in air. The quarternary Li-Ni-V-O reaction is strongly dependent on vanadium starting materials, reaction environment atmosphere, reactant stoichiometry and synthesis temperature. Individual particles of LiNiVO{sub 4} powders are well-formed crystallites shown clearly by scanning electron microscopy results to be in the shape of an octahedron. Powder X-ray diffraction studies of this crystalline material indicate that LiNiVO{sub 4} has an inverse spinel structure different from that of known cathode materials such as LT-LiCoO{sub 2} and LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}. The Li/LiNiVO{sub 4} cell can be charged and discharged at about 4.8 V versus ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A decoupled characteristic between the damping of a specific swing mode and the stabilizer gain of the corresponding machine in multimachine power systems is identified. Using this decoupled characteristic a power system stabilizer (PSS) synthesis approach which is based on the phase compensation concept is verified on a 9-machine system and the dynamic performance of this system is significantly improved. This method is proved to be effective, simple and it can provide useful guidance for the PSS field tuning.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A micro-computer based fuzzy logic power system stabilizer is applied to a micro-machine system to investigate its efficiency in real time control. The stabilizing signal is determined by using measured speed or real power signals at every sampling time to damp the system oscillations. The results show the proposed stabilizer improves the system damping effectively subject to various types of disturbances.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A consortium has been formed to undertake the design and development work necessary to establish a comprehensive machine condition monitoring (MCM) and diagnostic system for hydroelectric generating units. By working closely with participating utilities and interested manufacturers, the consortium is initiating the integration of existing and developing technologies into a comprehensive, modular, on- and off-line hydroelectric MCM system.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper presents a sequential procedure for coordinated stabilization of a multimachine power system with arbitrary complexity of the system model. The most effective machine to be equipped with a power system stabilizer is identified using eigenvalue analysis. The selection is based on the sensitivity of critical eigenvalues to increases in the coefficient of a damping term which is inserted in each equation of motion, in succession. The method is applied to a three-machine system and simulation studies show appreciable improvements in the small disturbance stability of the system.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abstract not provided

Science.gov (United States)

... without the problem of purple plague. The Au-Ni-In evaporated ... surface and bonding degradation (purple plague) St step-stress ...

Science.gov (United States)

... 9. Delay Circuits ----- N9-i 10. Main Gate Multivibrators ----- NI0-I 11. ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this paper we describe a Ni-Sn intermetallic material obtained via template electroplating synthesis. The structure and the morphology of this material are investigated by X ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. We demonstrate that Ni-Sn behaves as a sub-micrometric electrode showing a favourable response when cycled in a lithium cell. The results here reported suggest that the template electroplating is a promising synthetic approach that can lead to an optimized structure and morphology of the Ni-Sn electrode, such as to confer it a role of a high capacity anode in advanced lithium ion batteries.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The intent and purpose of this work was to investigate and demonstrate cooperative behavior among a group of mobile robot machines. The specific goal of this work was to build a small swarm of identical machines and control them in such a way as to show a coordinated movement of the group in a flocking manner, similar to that observed in nature. Control of the swarm`s individual members and its overall configuration is available to the human user via a graphic man-machine interface running on a base station control computer. Any robot may be designated as the nominal leader through the interface tool, which then may be commanded to proceed to a particular geographic destination. The remainder of the flock follows the leader by maintaining their relative positions in formation, as specified by the human controller through the interface. The formation`s configuration can be altered manually through an interactive ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Results of self-consistent local-spin-density-functional calculations are reported for the first time for the Ni(110) surface, represented by one-, three-, and five-layer slabs. Calculations for one- and five-layer slabs of Ni(100) are also reported. The behavior of the surface magnetization with varying slab thickness elucidates the nature and origin of the surface magnetic moment. We predict a 13% enhancement of the Ni(110) surface magnetic moment compared to the bulk value. For the Ni(100) surface, we find a smaller surface enhancement about 7%, compared to bulk, which agrees with the results of Jepsen et al. The enhancement of surface magnetic moments on Ni(100) and Ni(110) surfaces is attributed to s-d dehybridization at the surface and to the presence of electrostatic shifts required to maintain layer-by-layer charge neutrality. We find that the total ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The existence of propagating spin waves above T/sub c/ in Ni and Fe has been widely accepted since this picture was first advocated in 1973. In this brief review of our current neutron scattering experiments on Fe and Ni we will present convincing evidence showing that this picture is incorrect. In addition, we will demonstrate that over wide ranges of ..omega.., q and temperature, both Fe and Ni follow a simple paramagnetic scattering function of the spin diffusion type. 19 references.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The ErNi{sub 1-} {sub x} Cu {sub x} Al compounds crystallize all in the hexagonal ZrNiAl-type structure. The concentration dependence of lattice constants shows a discontinuity between x=0.5 and 0.6. This structural change has no primary impact on the magnetic order in this series, but influences the crystal field. The lower part of the crystal-field energy-level schemes has been estimated from the specific-heat data.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Ni(H_2O)_6 ion is located at an inversion center. Six octahedral water molecules surround the Ni"I"I ion and form hydrogen bonds with the sulfate groups. Each ammonium group binds to the sulfate groups through hydrogen bonds. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The present study was aimed at investigating effects of nickel (NiCl2) on secretion of testosterone (T), cell viability, ultrastructure and apoptosis in mouse Leydig cells. Testosterone release was measured after 48h of culture with 15.67, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000mmol/L NiCl2 or without NiCl2 using radioimmunoassay. Cell viability was assessed by a MTT (metabolic activity assay). Quantification of apoptotic cells was performed using TUNEL assay and the ultrastructural changes were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. The viability was decreased after addition of >=250mmol/L NiCl2. A concentration-dependent depression of T production was observed. The percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly increased only after addition of 125, 250 and 1000mmol/L NiCl2. After ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spherical {beta}-Ni(OH){sub 2} was modified by a low-cost method of normal ball milling (NBM), and the physical properties of both ball-milled and un-milled Ni(OH){sub 2} were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, specific surface area, particle size distribution and X-ray diffraction. It was found that NBM could obviously increase the surface area, decrease the particle and crystallite size, and reduce the crystallinity of {beta}-Ni(OH){sub 2}, which were advantageous to the improvement of the electrochemical activity of Ni(OH){sub 2}. NBM also lowered the packing density and flowability of Ni(OH){sub 2}, as revealed by the measurements of tapping density and angle of repose. Electrochemical performances of pasted nickel electrodes with an addition of ball-milled Ni(OH){sub 2} to spherical Ni(OH){sub 2} as the active material ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Three new rare earth metal-rich compounds, Gd_4NiTe_2, and Er_5M_2Te_2 (M=Ni, Co), were synthesized in direct reactions using R, R_3M, and R_2Te_3 (R=Gd, Er; M=Co, Ni) and single-crystal structures were determined. Gd_4NiTe_2 is orthorhombic and crystallizes in space group Pnma with four formula units per cell. Lattice parameters at 110(2)K are a=15.548(9), b=4.113(2), c=11.7521(15)A. Er_5Ni_2Te_2 and Er_5Co_2Te_2 are isostructural and crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm with two formula units per cell. Lattice parameters at 110(2)K are a=3.934(1), b=14.811(4), c=14.709(4)A, and a=3.898(1), b=14.920(3), c=14.889(3)A, respectively. Metal-metal bonding correlations were analyzed using the empirical Pauling bond order concept.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Focused ion beam (FIB) irradiation of a thin Ni_2Si layer deposited on a Si substrate was carried out and studied using an in-situ transmission electron microscope (in-situ TEM). Square areas on sides of 4 by 4 and 9 by 9 microm were patterned at room temperature with a 25 keV Ga"+-FIB attached to the TEM. The structural changes of the films indicate a uniform milling, sputtering of the Ni_2Si layer and the damage introducing to the Si substrate. Annealing at 673 K results in the change of the Ni_2Si layer into an epitaxial NiSi_2 layer outside the FIB irradiated area, but several precipitates appear around the treated area. Precipitates was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Larger amount of Ni than the surrounding matrix was found in precipitates. Selected area diffraction (SAD) patterns of the precipitates and the corresponding dark field images imply the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

MmMg{sub 12}-Ni amorphous or nanocrystalline composites (Mm: Ce-rich mischmetal) were prepared through the ball-milling method, and their electrochemical hydrogen storage performance was investigated and compared with that of ball-milled CeMg{sub 12}-Ni composites. It was found that the ball-milled MmMg{sub 12}-Ni composites had larger initial discharge capacities and better high rate dischargeability. Analysis of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) shows that the reaction resistance and hydrogen diffusion resistance of the ball-milled MmMg{sub 12}-Ni composites are lower as a result of the decrease in Ce content, and thus can contribute to the larger discharge capacity and better high rate dischargeability. Additionally, the cycle performance of the ball-milled MmMg{sub 12}-Ni composites is better than those of the ball-milled CeMg{sub 12}-Ni composites. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An expert system was developed which helps maintenance personnel diagnose the condition of rotor and stator windings and their cores, in motors and generators rated 2300 V and above. The expert system, called MICAA[TM], used an approach which has been found to be effective for diagnosing medical problems. The program required the user to input machine nameplate information, operating status, and any past test data available. In addition, the program would suggest tests that may be useful, as well as provide guidance to maintenance personnel on what to look for in visual inspections of the machine. The expert system stored and correlated all this information, calculated the overall condition of the component in question, and identified the most likely specific causes of any deterioration. The basic methodology of motor and generator condition assessment, and the architecture and processing performed by MICAA to obtain these capabilities were ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The logic named Piccolo for a picture database computer and its implementation is presented. The logic is shown to have three major advantages. One advantage is that the computer design based on this logic can handle a universal variety of pictorial data structures. Another advantage is that a set of data generated by rules such as texture distribution rules is stored in the picture computer efficiently. The third advantage is that this logic can serve as the basis of a logic for parallel processing machines. For implementation of the logic, a new methodology named architecture engineering is introduced as an architecture/design oriented methodology. Implementation case studies show the usefulness of the methodolgy. Two implementations on an abstract machine that are also on a parallel LISP machine are reported. 19 references.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the last fifteen years a variety of instruments and transducers, such as voltage plugs, power transducers, flow and pressure transducers, recorders and tensometers, have been developed for underground use in measuring the performance and technical parameters of prototype machines. The equipment, until recently, has been in a portable form and was found useful by the industry generally, in fault finding and trouble-shooting exercises and in commissioning procedures performed by small teams on a call-out basis. Over the last five years the test equipment has been adapted and the techniques modified to suit individual colliery-based operations with more permanent machine mounted and built-in transducers. At the moment these techniques operate within the framework of a statutory planned preventive maintenance scheme for each mine. This paper discusses the merits of changing from preventive maintenance to condition-based maintenance and the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An artificial neural network (ANN), trained as an inverse of the controlled plant, to function as a power system stabilizer (PSS) is presented in this paper. In order to make the proposed ANN PSS work properly, it was trained over the full working range of the generating unit with a large variety of disturbances. Data used to train the ANN PSS consists of the control input and the synchronous machine response with an adaptive PSS (APSS) controlling the generator. During training, the ANN was required to memorize the reverse input/output mapping of the synchronous machine. After the training, the output of the synchronous machine was applied as the input of the ANN PSS and the output of the ANN PSS was used as the control signal. Simulation results show that the proposed ANN PSS can provide good damping of the power system over a wide operating range and significantly improve the system performance.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnetothermal measurements up to 1600 K have been made on alloys in the ternary Ni-Mn-Sb system with a constant ratio Mn/Sb=1/1, to which belong the two ferromagnetic Heusler phases Ni/sub 2/MnSb with L2/sub 1/ structure and NiMnSb with C1/sub b/ structure. The susceptibility-temperature curves show the constitution of the vertical section. At high temperatures the susceptibilities obey a Curie-Weiss law. In the solid state the effective magneton number decreases with increasing Mn concentration from 4.9 (Ni/sub 2/MnSb) to 3.8 (NiMnSb). Simultaneously, on the transition from Ni/sub 2/MnSb to NiMnSb there is a strong increase of the susceptibility and of the Curie temperature from 292 to 686 K. In the heterogeneous range between 10 and 20 at.% Mn another phase part appears which is ferromagnetic at room temperature. By a heat treatment it ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Minor M (M = Fe, Mn, Cr) additions are widely added to enhance the corrosion resistance of commercial cupronickel alloys. The present paper aims at optimizing the amounts of M in Cu_7_0(Ni,Fe,Mn,Cr)_3_0 (at.%) alloys using a cluster-plus-glue-atom model for stable solid solutions. By this model, it assumed that 1 M atom and 12 Ni atoms formed an M-centered and Ni-surrounded cube-octahedron cluster and the isolated M_1Ni_1_2 clusters are embedded in a Cu matrix, conforming to a cluster formula [M_1Ni_1_2]Cu_3_0_._3 = [M_1_/_1_3Ni_1_2_/_1_3]_3_0Cu_7_0. A structure of this kind satisfies ideally the nearest neighbor requirement, i.e. only M-Ni and Ni-Cu neighbors are allowed and the unfavorable Cu-M pairs are avoided, and hence it describes a stable solid solution structure with good thermal stability. Electrochemical ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We demonstrate rapid fabrication of submicrometer-diameter pores in borosilicate glass using femtosecond laser machining and subsequent wet-etch techniques. This approach allows direct and repeatable...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The flow of water through a dam of fairly arbitrary shape is examined in the limit of large frictional drag on the flow. The relation of the problem to the one-phase Stefan problem and a problem of anodic smoothing is explored. Monotonicity and uniqueness...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The coking plant is described with some details of coal supplies and coke quality. Engineering improvements to the by-product system and coke oven machines, major repair of two batteries, installation of a PLC-based monitoring and control system, and training of personnel are dealt with at greater length.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hard surface finishing represents the final manufacturing step for functional areas of machine elements in state-of-the-art production. Raceways of rolling bearing rings are ground and honed to the required low roughness. Plastic deformation is restricted to a narrow edge zone of the hardened steel. Reheating of the machined components below the martensite tempering or bainite transformation temperature results in a marked decrease of the XRD line width on the surface. The investigated samples are made of through-hardened standard bearing steel 100Cr6 (international denotation: SAE 52100). On the basis of a material model that explains the effect as a complex diffusion process of dislocational carbon segregation, i.e. static strain aging, the measured kinetics of the XRD line width reduction is simulated by an Arrhenius-type equation, which describes the rate-controlling reaction step of temper carbide dissolution. The formation of a small ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This guide explained the requirements for Off-Road Compression Ignition Engine Emission Regulations established under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. The regulations are enforced by Environment Canada, which authorizes and monitors the use of the national emissions mark. The regulations prescribe standards for off-road engines that operate as reciprocating, internal combustion engines, other than those that operate under characteristics similar to the Otto combustion cycle and that use a spark plug or other sparking device. The regulations apply to engines that are typically diesel-fuelled and found in construction, mining, farming and forestry machines such as tractors, excavators and log skidders. Four different types of persons are potentially affected by the regulations: Canadian engine manufacturers; distributors of Canadian engines or machines containing Canadian engines; importers of engines or machines ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To keep up with the speeds of modern production lines, most machine vision applications require very powerful computers (often parallel-processing machines), which process millions of points of data in real time. The human brain performs approximately 100 billion logical floating-point operations each second. That is 400 times the speed of a Cray-1 supercomputer. The right software must be developed for parallel-processing computers. The NSF has awarded Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Troy, N.Y.) a $2 million grant for parallel- and image-processing software research. Over the last 15 years, Rensselaer has been conducting image-processing research, including work with high-definition TV (HDTV) and image coding and understanding. A similar NSF grant has been awarded to Michigan State University (East Lansing, Mich.) Neural networks are supposed to emulate human learning patterns. These networks and their hardware implementations ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The patent relates to fluid operated devices for moving articles. The machine may be used in filling a nuclear fuel canister with fuel pellets where there is a tendency for out of squareness of pellets to produce a jam condition readily cleared by a modest force. (U.K.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The subject of FDD (fault detection and diagnosis) has gained widespread industrial interest in machine condition monitoring applications. This is mainly due to the potential advantage to be achieved from reduced maintenance costs, improved productivity and increased machine availability. This paper presents a new FDD scheme for condition machinery of an industrial steam turbine using a data fusion methodology. Fusion of a SVM (support vector machine) classifier with an ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) classifier, integrated into a common framework, is utilized to enhance the fault detection and diagnostic tasks. For this purpose, a multi-attribute data is fused into aggregated values of a single attribute by OWA (ordered weighted averaging) operators. The simulation studies indicate that the resulting fusion-based scheme outperforms the individual SVM and ANFIS systems to detect and diagnose incipient steam ...

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Research indicates that diesel equipment can be used safely in undergound coal mines provided that certain conditions prevail. These conditions are: the machines and engines are approved for underground use, an adequate maintenance and training program is in effect, an adequate monitoring system with proper instrumentation is used, and adequate ventilation is maintained.

Science.gov (United States)

One of the tasks comprising ERDA Contract EY-76-S-02-2840, ''Minimization of Cupola Energy and Air Pollution,'' has been the carrying out of a comprehensive survey of world literature relating to the cupola furnace for melting of cast iron. It was decided...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kerf geometry, kerf wall features, and cutting front characteristics of an Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) machined Graphite/Epoxy (Gr/Ep) laminate were studied. A macroscopic analyses suggests that geometrical features associated with AWJ machining of Gr/Ep laminates are influenced by three macro regions along the cutting depth. The presence of these regions, including initial damage at jet entry, smooth cutting, and rough cutting near the jet exit, depends on the operating conditions. Design of experiments and analysis of variance were used to determine the effect of cutting parameters on kerf characteristics and to develop empirical models for kerf profile and features of the three distinct macroscopic regions. Cutting front analysis revealed that the mechanisms of material removal in AWJ machining of Gr/Ep do not change over the jet penetration depth. In general, high quality uniform cuts may be obtained by minimizing initial ...

Science.gov (United States)

...position to receive material. (2) Self-loading haulage equipment used as a loading machine. In working places in which self-loading haulage equipment is operated to load material, the areas which...

CERN Document Server

We investigate the effect of anomalous gamma-W-W couplings in e-gamma --> nu W through the angular and energy spectrum of the secondary leptons. Within the narrow-width approximation, a semi-analytical study of the secondary lepton energy-angle double distribution is considered. Utility of observables derived from this is demonstrated by considering the anomalous coupling, delta-kappa-gamma. Results of our investigation for typical ILC machine considered at Ecm = 300-1000 GeV re-affirms potential of this collider as a precision machine.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As a direct result of its interest in the use of robotics within active plants, British Nuclear Fuels Ltd. (BNFL) has adopted a positive attitude toward both national and European initiatives in this area. During the early operation of the Sellafield reprocessing plant, the process vessels and cell voids were monitored using simple pole and camera combinations. In 1985, BNFL embarked on the provision of a series of machines intended to satisfy the advancing needs for inspection while increasing the level of expertise within the company in this important area. DIMAN 1, DIMAN 2, RODMAN, REPMAN, and RAFFMAN remote handling and robotic machines are described.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The contribution under consideration spans a wide curve from the first deadly accident of motorized aviation in the year 1908 up to newer tendencies of the so-called team resources management on observation points and control stations in order to pursue fundamental questions in man-machine systems. A continuous differentiation in the consideration of the factor human beings in complex technical systems is described. This is illustrated by the example of concepts for leadership, communication and decision making on observation points and control stations.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this paper we consider the general, no-wait and no-idle permutation flowshop scheduling problem with deteriorating jobs, i.e., jobs whose processing times are increasing functions of their starting times. We assume a linear deterioration function with identical increasing rates for all the jobs and there are some dominating relationships between the machines. We show that the problems to minimize the makespan and the total completion time remain polynomially solvable when deterioration is considered, although these problems are more complicated than their classical counterparts without deterioration.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the experimental fast Reactor JOYO, gripper of Fuel Handling Machine and Ex-Vessel Transfer Machine that the sodium adhered is being washed with alcohol. This radioactive alcohol waste that was used to the washing is stored to the tank. If it is able to separate the alcohol and sodium in the alcohol waste it becomes possible to dispose of the alcohol waste. Japan Nuclear Institute and Fuji Electric Systems CO., LTD. Developed the device that adds carbonic acid gas to the alcohol waste and cause the sodium in the alcohol waste separated as carbonate and remove this carbonate by using the thin film evaporator. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors evaluated three of the top man-machine interface (MMI) software systems. The main categories upon which they based their evaluation on were the following: operator interface; network and data distribution; input/output (I/O) interface; application development; alarms; real-time and historical trending; support, documentation, and training; processing tools (batch, recipe, logic); reports; custom interfacing; start-up/recovery; external database; and multimedia. They also present their MMI requirements and guidelines for the selection and evaluation of these MMI systems.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In situ fracture studies on thin-film NiTi intermetallic compounds have been carried out in the high-voltage electron microscope at Argonne National Laboratory. Local stress-induced amorphization of regions directly in front of moving crack tips has been observed under tensile loading conditions. The stress-induced amorphization at crack tips exhibits a temperature dependence similar to that of ion-induced amorphization of NiTi. The upper limiting temperature for stress-induced amorphization is the same as that for ion-induced amorphization of crystalline NiTi and for amorphous phase formation during ion-beam mixing of Ni and Ti multilayer specimens. This upper limiting temperature of 600K is also the lowest temperature at which stress-induced amorphous phase crystallizes during isothermal annealing. This isothermal crystallization temperature is nearly 200K less than the kinetic crystallization ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The reactions between (100) GaAs and the near-noble metals Ni, Pd, and Pt have been investigated by application of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive analysis of x rays in the scanning TEM and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of the phase distributions, film compositions, and interface morphologies during annealing at temperatures up to 480 /sup 0/C. The first phase in the Ni/GaAs reaction is shown to have the nominal composition Ni/sub 3/GaAs. Ternary phases of the type Pd/sub x/GaAs are also found to be the dominant products of the Pd/GaAs reaction. Conversely, only binary phases result from the Pt/GaAs reaction. These observations are used to construct isothermal sections of the M--Ga--As thin-film phase diagrams. The behavior of a thin (1--2 nm) native oxide--hydrocarbon layer during the Ni/GaAs, Pd/GaAs, and Pt/GaAs ...

Science.gov (United States)

Hybridization and thermal evolution of the Ni+C{sub 60} composites, deposited on Si(001) at room temperature, were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy, {mu}-Raman spectroscopy and Rutherford Backscattering. As-deposited, the hybrid films exhibited a granular nano-structure with Ni nano-particles encapsulated in C{sub 60} polymerized rinds. The Ni and C (C{sub 60}) distributions in a top layer were found homogeneous with a stable Ni/C (C{sub 60}) ratio; in the larger depth the distributions were inhomogeneous and their ratio dramatically varied. At elevated temperatures, all structural parameters were changed. In the subsurface layer Ni- and C (C{sub 60})-rich zones were formed (due to the induced phase separation), C{sub 60}-molecules decayed and their fragments were transformed into amorphous carbon (a-C). The free volume distribution of the stressed hybrid matter was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work, an attempt was made to develop a novel type of wear-resistant composite employing a TiNi alloy matrix reinforced by hard particles. Titanium carbide was chosen as the reinforcing phase because of its high hardness and TiNi alloy as the matrix due to its pseudoelasticity and good toughness. TiC particles may sustain external load, while the TiNi matrix may accommodate deformation, absorb impact energy and retain the hard particles. Such a combination is expected to lead to an enhanced wear resistance, compared to TiNi alloy. As a matter of fact, some efforts were previously made to develop TiNi-matrix composite reinforced by ceramic particles. However, the emphasis of those studies was put on effects of the reinforcing particles on the phase transformation behavior, shape memory effect and some mechanical properties of the composite; no attempt was made to explore the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new two-step solid-state process was developed for synthesis of a pure phase 4.7 V LiMn{sub 1.5}Ni{sub 0.5}O{sub 4-{delta}} (LMNO) spinel of good electrochemical properties. This process which was based on formation of stable Ni{sub 1-x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4-{delta}} (x {<=} 0.33) spinel followed by subsequent lithiation, demonstrated the emerging of LiMn{sub 1.5}Ni{sub 0.5}O{sub 4-{delta}} frame work at temperatures of as low as 350 C. During this lithiation process, migration of metal ions (Ni/Mn) from partially occupied tetrahedral 8a sites (in Ni{sub 0.67}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4-{delta}}) toward octahedral 16d site occurred. The resultant spinel material displayed low irreversible loss, a 97% columbic efficiency and 6% loss in discharge capacity after 100 cycles at 60 C. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

This Dissertation presents the author's investigation and development of a systematic method for evaluating the aerodynamic performance of Vertical Axis Wind Energy Capture Systems (WECS) apart from their electrical generation capability. The current standard method for specifying a wind energy machine is to discuss its rated power in kilowatts (or megawatts when capacity exceeds 100 kW). While this holistic method is effective for comparing machines it does not reveal the essential characteristics necessary for optimization of individual machine components. The method developed herein separates the performance characteristics of the WECS from the generation characteristics and isolates them for benchmarking and optimization. In order to develop an evaluation criterion, it was essential to evaluate and benchmark the current state of the art for wind energy capture. A thorough history of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Normally, the alloy NiMo28 is used in the solution annealed and quenched condition in which it has a face centred cubic matrix structure. The matrix of the material is supersaturated with molybdenum and, at temperatures above 800 C, has a tendency to form intermetallic precipitates such as the Ni{sub 4}Mo-ordered phase leading to the embrittlement of the NiMo28-ordered phase leading to the embrittlement of the NiMo28 alloy during hot working. For this reason, the aim of these investigations was to optimise the alloy by reducing its tendency to embrittle. The TEM-analyses carried out served to investigate the precipitation of the material as a function of its iron content after ageing at 700 C. The change in hardness and in the lattice constants of the NiMo28-specimens with iron content were also determined. To improve the hot working properties of this material it is recommended ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The chemical properties of alloys in a given environment are to a large extent governed by the surface composition. Changes of the surface composition during passivation are important features in this respect. Previous studies of single crystal Ni-Mo alloys surfaces have been reported. The aim of this work was to obtain quantitative data, for the natural oxide and the passive films formed on Ni-6% Mo(100) and (110) alloys, using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and nuclear reaction analysis. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Low cycle fatigue (LCF) of a fourth-generation single-crystal (SC) Ni-base superalloy TMS-138 was studied by comparison with a typical third-generation (TMS-75) and a second-generation (CMSX-4) Ni-base SC superalloys. TMS-138 exhibits improved LCF behaviour under a condition of the R ratio of 0 at temperatures of 1073 K and 1173 K. The addition of refractory elements resulted in a remarkable improvement of the LCF properties compared to those of the reference superalloys due to the different microstructure developed in TMS-138. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The half-metallic Heusler alloy Ni{sub 2}MnIn is of high interest for use in spin electronics since at the Ni{sub 2}MnIn/InAs interface a spin polarization of 100% is predicted. We prepare high-quality thin films of 20-60nm thickness by co-evaporation and DC magnetron sputtering. Point-contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy yields a spin polarization of up to 54%. By spectral generalized magneto-optical ellipsometry, the dielectric and magneto-optical properties are determined and ferromagnetic behavior below the Curie temperature T{sub C}=318K is proved.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Microstructure characterization is important for controlling the quality of laser welding. In the present work, a detailed microstructure characterization by transmission electron microscopy was carried out on the laser welding cast Ni-based superalloy K418 turbo disk and alloy steel 42CrMo shaft and an unambiguous identification of phases in the weldment was accomplished. It was found that there are {gamma}-FeCrNiC austenite solid solution dendrites as the matrix, (Nb, Ti) C type MC carbides, fine and dispersed Ni{sub 3} Al {gamma}' phase as well as Laves particles in the interdendritic region of the seam zone. A brief discussion was given for their existence based on both kinetic and thermodynamic principles.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fatigue tests were accomplished with a series of specimens doped with trace elements of a hardened Fe-Ni-Cr alloy, cast and hardened with intermetallic phases for determining the influence of these elements on the high temperature strength properties. The results of extensive fatigue tests show that even small contents of Te, Bi, Se, Pb, Tl and Zn considerably influence the life and creep processes especially after longer running periods, when added individually or combinedly. In contrast to this, the fatigue ductility is reduced by trace element additions even with short running periods. The order in which the metallic trace elements influence the fatigue properties nearly correlates with earlier work concerning Ni- and Co-superalloys. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To study the effect of CuO on the electrochemical properties of MgNi alloy, the MgNi-xCuO (x = 3, 5 and 10 wt%) composites were prepared by ball-milling method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the structures of the composites were amorphous. The cycle stability of the composites was improved compared to pure MgNi alloy due to the enhancement of the anti-corrosion property in the alkaline electrolyte, and the composite with 5 wt% CuO ball-milled for 15 h exhibited the best performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potential-step measurements indicated that the electrochemical kinetics of the composites was improved.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

NiMnSb has attracted a great deal of interest as a spin injector/detector in spintronic devices because it has a Curie temperature of 728 K and is predicted to be half-metallic (100% spin polarized). NiMnSb has been reported to have greatly reduced surface polarization, and to lose its half metallicity above 80 K. Here we report the investigation of the surface polarisation and electronic structure of NiMnSb by measurement of the transport spin polarization using point contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy, and anomalous Hall effect in thin films on Si(0 0 1). A comparison to bulk properties is made.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inert markers (evaporated tungsten and silver) were used in growth studies of silicides formed both by thermal annealing and by ion mixing in the Ni/Si, Pd/Si, and Cr/Si systems. The markers were initially imbedded inside silicides and backscattering spectrometry was used to determine the marker displacement after different processing conditions. The results obtained in thermal annealing are quite consistent with that found in previous investigations. Ni is the dominant diffusing species in Ni_2Si, while Si is the diffusing species in CrSi_2. In Pd_2Si, both Pd and Si are moving species with Pd the faster of the two. In contrast, in growth of silicides by ion irradiation Si is the faster diffusing species in all three systems.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The thickness dependent magnetic properties of artificially prepared ultrathin body-centered cubic Ni films have been explored using the all electron full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method. We have considered two types of BCC Ni(001) films: (i) pure BCC Ni(001) and (ii) Au capped BCC Ni(001) in the range from 1 monolayer (ML) to 4 ML of Au capping coverage. The average magnetic moment of pure BCC Ni(001) is about 0.63 #mu#_B and a typical surface enhancement is found with a magnetic moment of 0.78 #mu#_B. In the presence of an Au capping layer, the magnetic moment of interface Ni is strongly suppressed to approximately 0.5 #mu#_B and this causes a reduction of average magnetic moment. Nevertheless, the Au adlayer has no meaningful induced magnetic moment. The BCC pure Ni(001) films always have in-plane magnetization up ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method, the magnetic properties of two-dimensional Ru and Rh monolayers (MLs) on a NiAl(001) surface have been investigated. It has been found that free standing one monolayer Ru and Rh films have ferromagnetic ground state with magnetic moments of 2.21 and 1.48 #mu#_B, respectively. The ferromagnetism is still observed even on a Ni terminated NiAl(001) surface, while no magnetic state is found on an Al terminated surface. The calculated magnetic moments of Ru and Rh atoms are 1.56 and 0.88 #mu#_B, respectively. In addition, an induced magnetic moment in surface Ni is observed. It has been found that the free standing Ru film has perpendicular magnetization to the film surface with a magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) energy of 0.66 meV/atom, while an in-plane MCA energy of 0.37 meV/atom is achieved in Rh film. Very interestingly, we find ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A ternary nickel-base alloy Ni-W-B has been developed for surface corrosion and wear resistance to replace chromium plating, which uses environmentally hazardous solutions. The deposition conditions used an alkaline bath and insoluble anodes. The as-deposited alloy typically contains 40 wt% W and 1 wt% B and has an amorphous or partially amorphous structure. These deposits compare favorably with hexavalent chromium deposits in throwing power, color uniformity, and reflectivity. The corrosion resistance of Ni-W-B alloy was compared with hexavalent chromium and electroless nickel deposits in a variety of acids, including hydrochloric, sulfuric, fluoroboric, and phosphoric. In all cases, best results were obtained with the Ni-W-B deposits.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... parameters magnetic fields magnetic properties magnetization monocrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The study of passive films formed on a nickel base alloy type Inconel 600 is performed by capacitance measurements (Mott-Schottky approach). This research is supported by the passivation study of the alloying elements Ni, Cr, Fe and high purity alloys Ni-Cr, Ni-Fe, Ni-Cr-Fe. The results obtained show that the capacitive behaviour of the Inconel 600 in the passive state is similar to that on a p-n heterojunction to which a barrier zone of nickel oxide is added. The individual or combined action of alloying elements on the development of this kind of electronic structure is discussed. (authors). 5 refs., 6 figs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Some acylhydrazine derived ONO donor Schiff bases and their Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes have been prepared having the same metal ion (cation) but different anions. These synthesized metal(II)...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The corrosion and passivation behaviour of bulk polycrystalline martensite Ni{sub 50}Mn{sub 30}Ga{sub 20} and austenite Ni{sub 48}Mn{sub 30}Ga{sub 22} alloys was compared in electrolytes with different pH values. Linear anodic and cyclic potentiodynamic polarisation methods and anodic current transient measurements have been conducted for the alloys and their constituents to analyze free corrosion, anodic dissolution and passive layer formation processes. Electrochemically treated alloy surfaces were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical response of both alloys is in principal similar and is dominated by the Ni oxidation. In acidic solutions (pH 0.5 and 5) a slightly higher reactivity is detectable for the martensitic alloy which is mainly attributed to enhanced dissolution processes at the multiple twin boundaries. In weakly ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The lowest excited level in Ni-like ions, 3d{sup 9}4s {sup 3}D{sub 3}, decays only via a magnetic octupole (M3) decay. They present calculated values of transition wavelengths and rates for ions with 30 {le} Z {le} 100. They have observed this line in Xe{sup 26+}, using the Livermore EBIT-I electron beam ion trap and a microcalorimeter, as well as a high-resolution flat-field grating spectrometer.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work a Ni-based superalloy GMR 235 was investigated. We determined convenient metallographic methods for preparation of bulk metallographic specimens, extraction carbon replicas, transparent metallic foils and minor phase extraction. In addition, the alloy microstructure was characterised using different metallographic techniques. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The structural changes attendant on intermartensitic transformation in a Ni-Mg-Ga shape memory alloy are considered using magneto-optical visualization with the help of ferrite-garnet monocrystalline films. It is established that on the intermartensitic transformation the complete reorganization of martensite macrostructure fails. Martensite crystals resulted from the basic transformation change somewhat their sizes on intermartensitic transition. The existence of large-scale labyrinth magnetic domain structure is revealed

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

K#beta#-to-K#alpha# x-ray intensity ratios of Fe and Ni in pure metals and in Fe_xNi_1_-_x alloys (x=0.20, 0.50, 0.58) exhibiting similar crystalline structure have been measured following excitation by 59.54 keV #gamma# rays from a 200 mCi "2"4"1Am point source to understand why the properties of the Fe_xNi_1_-_x (x=0.2) alloy are distinct from other alloy compositions. The valence electronic structure of Fe and Ni in the samples has been evaluated by comparing the measured K#beta#-to-K#alpha# intensity ratios with the results of multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations. Significant changes in the 3d electron population (with respect to the pure metal) are observed for Fe and Ni for certain alloy compositions. These changes can be explained by assuming rearrangement of electrons between 3d and (4s,4p) band states of the individual metal atoms. It has been found that the valence ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In order to investigate the role of amorphous SiO2 particles in corrosion and wear resistance of Ni-based metal matrix composite alloying layer, the amorphous nano-SiO2 particles reinforced Ni-based composite alloying layer has been prepared by double glow plasma alloying on AISI 316L stainless steel surface, where Ni/amorphous nano-SiO2 was firstly predeposited by brush plating. The composition and microstructure of the nano-SiO2 particles reinforced Ni-based composite alloying layer were analyzed by using SEM, TEM and XRD. The results indicated that the composite alloying layer consisted of ?-phase and amorphous nano-SiO2 particles, and under alloying temperature (1000 deg. C) condition, the nano-SiO2 particles were uniformly distributed in the alloying layer and still kept the amorphous structure. The corrosion resistance of composite alloying layer was investigated by an electrochemical method in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was studied on Ni-P{sub x} electrodes containing 8 to 16 weight percent P prepared by potentiostatic deposition. The amount of P in the alloy varied with deposition potential. The activity of the electrodes was dependent on the P concentration, and the formation of a passive film. Cyclic voltametry was used to study the removal of this film. 3 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

General corrosion behavior of ALLOY 800 in high temperature water was studied in relation to its surface film structure. The surface film formed in water was found to decrease the corrosion rate of ALLOY 800. This film is composed of Ni ferrite, and can be obtained by oxidation in air or steam. Based on these results, air or steam oxidation treatment to inhibit Ni and Co release of ALLOY 800 into high temperature water is proposed. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Surface analytical studies of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels exposed to deaerated 0.1M HCl have revealed that nitrogen alloying additions influence the composition of salt layers and the passive film/alloy interface. In this study the authors employ electrochemical techniques and variable angle X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to examine the passive films formed on a series of austenitic stainless steels, Fe18Cr8Ni, Fe18Cr8Ni0.2N, Fe20Cr20Ni, Fe20Cr20Ni6Mo and Fe20Cr20Ni6Mo0.2N, in acidic chloride aqueous solution. In addition, several other model alloys, Fe19Cr, Fe19Cr9Ni, Fe19Cr2.5Mo, and Fe19Cr9Ni2.5Mo, were examined before and after electrochemical surface nitriding, a technique proven to have an effect analogous to N alloying. It was shown that nitrogen, nickel and molybdenum additions independently and in certain ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence method with Si/Li semiconductor detector and "2"3"8Pu exciting source was used for the determination of Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb in plant samples (Taraxacum officinale) from various localities near the highway D-61 Bratislava-Trnava (SR). (author) 2 refs.; 1 fig.; 1 tab.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The conductance in ferromagnetic Ni nano-wire is quantized in units of 2e{sup 2}/h in the absence of magnetic field, while the units switch to e{sup 2}/h in the magnetic field. The fractional units of 0.7e{sup 2}/h and 1.4e{sup 2}/h with and without magnetic field appear under the application of high bias-voltage. The spin polarization and bias-voltage play an important role in the electric conduction.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The microstructure, microhardness, corrosion, and wear resistance of d.c.-plated Ni electrodeposits prepared from different types of electrolysing Watts-type baths, without or with organic compounds, ceramic powder - SiC and polymer - polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), on Cu substrate, which was subsequently removed from the deposits, were investigated. With the change of the type of bath, the deposit grain size was found to decrease markedly, e.g. deposits with an average grain size of about 50 nm could be produced from the bath containing 45 g/dm"3 Ni"2"+ ions, 5 g/dm"3 SiC, and 20 g/dm"3 PTFE. The surface morphology on the bath side of the electrode-posited Ni or Ni-SiC-PTFE foils was characteristic of the type of bath, and its roughness correlated well with the observed grain size. Microhardness and wear resistance increased with decreasing grain size, as expected. On discussing the factors controlling ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnetic imaging in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) has been used to examine submicron elements with the aim of discovering down to what element size complex domain patterns can form. The elements were squares, circles, triangles, and pentagons in the size range 100{endash}500 nm and were made from 36 nm Co films or 8 nm Ni{sub 80}Fe{sub 20} (NiFe) with in-plane magnetization. The magnetic domain structures in these elements were imaged at high resolution using the differential phase contrast imaging mode in a TEM. Nonuniform magnetization structures were seen in the images. Vortices were present at remanence in all shapes of 36-nm-thick Co elements down to 100 nm size and in circular NiFe elements down to 116 nm diameter. Triangular NiFe elements did not have a vortex state at remanence, instead the magnetization curved round within the element but did not achieve complete flux closure. In ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The geometrical and chemical effects of cerium (Ce) addition to Ni-Cr anode electrode in molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) were investigated by measuring the fractal dimensions and wettability of four types of anode electrode with Ce added up to 5 wt.%. In addition, their cell performances were investigated through a single cell operation test and their results were explained based on the wettability of the anode electrodes. The addition of Ce to the anode electrode increased the fractal dimensions and wettabilities of the electrodes. Despite the even larger electrical resistivity of Ce compared to that of Ni and Cr, the electrical resistances of the Ce-added anode electrodes were slightly increased with increasing level of Ce addition. This might be ascribed to the greater wettability of the Ce-added anode electrode that enhanced the cell performance. Therefore, the greater wettability of the Ce-added anode electrode might compensate for its ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The main drawback of Ni/YSZ anode supports for solid oxide fuel cell application is their low tolerance to reducing and oxidizing (RedOx) atmosphere changes, owing to the Ni/NiO volume variation. This work describes a structured approach based on design of experiments for optimizing the microstructure for RedOx stability enhancement. A full factorial hypercube design and the response surface methodology are applied with the variables and their variation range defined as: (1) NiO proportion (40-60wt% of the ceramic powders), (2) pore-former proportion (0-30wt% corresponding to 0-64vol.%), (3) NiO particle size (0.5-8mm) and (4) 8YSZ particle size (0.6-9mm). To obtain quadratic response models, 25 different compositions were prepared forming a central composite design. The measured responses...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The study of passive films formed on a nickel base alloy type Inconel 600 is performed by capacitance measurements (Mott-Schottky approach). This research is supported by the passivation study of the alloying elements Ni, Cr, Fe and high purity alloys Ni-Cr, Ni-Fe, Ni-Cr-Fe. The results obtained show that the capacitive behaviour of the Inconel 600 in the passive state is similar to that on a p-n heterojunction to which a barrier zone of nickel oxide is added. The individual or combined action of alloying elements on the development of this kind of electronic structure is discussed. (authors). 5 refs., 6 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Micron-size Ni-base alloy (NBA) powders were mixed with both 1.5 wt.% (hereinafter %) micron-size CeO{sub 2} (m-CeO{sub 2}) and also 1.5% and 3.0% nano-size CeO{sub 2} (n- CeO{sub 2}) powders. These mixtures were coated on low-carbon steel (Q235) by 2.0 kW CO{sub 2} laser cladding. The effects on the microstructures, phases and electrochemical corrosion of the coatings upon the addition of m- and n- CeO{sub 2} powders to NBA (m- and n- CeO{sub 2} /NBA) have been investigated. The results showed that a smooth coating was prepared under suitable processing parameters (P= 2.0 kW, V= 180 mm min{sup -1}) by adding 1.5% n- CeO{sub 2}. In addition to the primary phases of {gamma}-Ni, Cr{sub 23} C{sub 6} and Ni{sub 3} B in the Ni-base alloy coating, CeNi{sub 3} was formed in Ni-base alloy coatings with both n- CeO{sub 2} and m-CeO{sub 2} particles, and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Validation of nuclear power reactor signals is often performed by comparing signal prototypes with the actual reactor signals. The signal prototypes are often computed based on empirical data. The implementation of an estimation algorithm which can make predictions on limited data is an important issue. A new machine learning algorithm called support vector machines (SVMS) recently developed by Vladimir Vapnik and his coworkers enables a high level of generalization with finite high-dimensional data. The improved generalization in comparison with standard methods like neural networks is due mainly to the following characteristics of the method. The input data space is transformed into a high-dimensional feature space using a kernel function, and the learning problem is formulated as a convex quadratic programming problem with a unique solution. In this paper the authors have applied the SVM method for data-based state estimation in nuclear ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A transient stability program was developed for the Taiwan Power Company, which has a high proportion of nuclear generation in its power system. This program offers a new territory to investigate nuclear plant effects on the power system transient stability. This program also provides a high speed tool for the Taipower system operational planning. A generalized procedure of synchronous machine modeling for a large-scale stability study is presented. The merits and weaknesses of machine modeling can be comprehended through each item of this procedure. Three types of nonlinear synchronous machine modeling implemented into this stability program are derived by following this procedure. A robust subroutine was derived to perform the fourth order Runge-Kutta integration method, making the software programming neat and systematical. For simulating the nuclear plant influence on the system, this program implemented an additional ...

Science.gov (United States)

Skin sensitization is the most commonly reported occupational illness, causing much suffering to a wide range of people. Identification and labeling of environmental allergens is urgently required to protect people from skin sensitization. The guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) and murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) are the two most important in vivo models for identification of skin sensitizers. In order to reduce the number of animal tests, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) are strongly encouraged in the assessment of skin sensitization of chemicals. This paper has investigated the skin sensitization potential of 162 compounds with LLNA results and 92 compounds with GPMT results using a support vector machine. A particle swarm optimization algorithm was implemented for feature selection from a large number of molecular descriptors calculated by Dragon. For the LLNA data set, the classification accuracies are 95.37% and 88.89% for the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A wind turbine is disclosed which permits high energy production over a wide range of wind forces while being protected against climatic hazards. According to the invention, a mast supports an energy recuperator comprising vane-type rotors by means of a frame which is orientable around a vertical axis. An energy conversion device is connected to the recuperator in order to be driven in rotation by the recuperator. The frame is responsive to the aerodynamic force exerted on the recuperator with respect to the mast and to the ground so as to optimize the power collected by the machine. The frame comprises a turret pivoted to the mast about the vertical axis and a structure pivoted to the turret about a horizontal axis of tilting motion. A balance weight maintains the recuperator in the top position when there is no wind. The aerodynamic drag of the recuperator acts in the opposite direction. In consequence, in the event of a high wind, the recuperator moves down ...

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Aluminum matrix composite Al356/SiCp(Vol. 15%)(Al MMC) material has been cut under various cutting conditions using Abrasive WaterJet (AWJ) machining process. The experimental cutting was carried out using three different material thicknesses of 10, 20, 30mm with a 0.33mm diameter orifice. The pump pressure, traverse rate, StandOff Distance(SOD) were taken as process parameters. After cutting the quality of the specimen in terms of kerf width, kerf taper, and surface finish were measured to characterize machinability of the material. As a result of the study, the maximum traverse rate for 30mm thick Al MMC under the pump pressure of 350 MPa reached up to 70 mm/min and the surface roughness of the material showed surface finish Ra in the range of 2.3{approx}23.4{mu}m.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ni catalysts supported on {gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, CeO{sub 2} and CeO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} systems were tested for catalytic CO{sub 2} reforming of methane into synthesis gas. Ni/CeO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalysts showed much better catalytic performance than either CeO{sub 2}- or {gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-supported Ni catalysts. CeO{sub 2} as a support for Ni catalysts produced a strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), which reduced the catalytic activity and carbon deposition. However, CeO{sub 2} had positive effect on catalytic activity, stability, and carbon suppression when used as a promoter in Ni/{gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalysts for this reaction. A weight loading of 1-5wt% CeO{sub 2} was found to be the optimum. Ni catalysts with CeO{sub 2} promoters reduced the chemical interaction between nickel and support, resulting in an increase in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The particle surface of Li[Ni{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}]O{sub 2} was modified by AlF{sub 3} as a new coating material to improve the electrochemical properties in the high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V. The AlF{sub 3}-coated Li[Ni{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}]O{sub 2} showed no difference in the bulk structure compared with the pristine one and the uniform AlF{sub 3} coating layers whose thickness is of about 10 nm covered Li[Ni{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}]O{sub 2} particles, as confirmed by a transmission electron microscopy. The AlF{sub 3} coating on Li[Ni{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}]O{sub 2} particles improved the overall electrochemical properties such as the cyclability, rate capability and thermal stability compared with those of the pristine Li[Ni{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}]O{sub 2}. Such enhancements were attributed to the presence of the stable AlF{sub 3} layer ...

CERN Document Server

This paper describes the National Research Council (NRC) Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) system, as applied to the English Lexical Sample (ELS) task in Senseval-3. The NRC system approaches WSD as a classical supervised machine learning problem, using familiar tools such as the Weka machine learning software and Brill's rule-based part-of-speech tagger. Head words are represented as feature vectors with several hundred features. Approximately half of the features are syntactic and the other half are semantic. The main novelty in the system is the method for generating the semantic features, based on word \\hbox{co-occurrence} probabilities. The probabilities are estimated using the Waterloo MultiText System with a corpus of about one terabyte of unlabeled text, collected by a web crawler.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This work is focused on effect of various cooling strategies on surface roughness and tool wear during computer aided milling of soft workpiece materials. These milling operations were selected as dry milling, cool air cooling milling and fluid cooling milling. A cool air cooling system was designed and produced to cool end milling tools. Cool air was produced by a vortex tube. Annealed AISI 1050 was used as the workpiece material and cutting tool material was selected as HSS-Co8 DIN 844/BN. Optimal cutting parameters were selected according to workpiece hardness from reference catalog and kept for all tests. Tool wear and surface quality were measured for three different cooling types changing from ten minute machining time to thirty minute machining time. As a result, the surface roughne...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An artificial neural network can be used as an intelligent controller to control non-linear, dynamic system through learning. It can easily accommodate non-linearities and time dependencies. Most common multi-layer feed-forward neural networks have drawbacks of large number of neurons and hidden layers required to deal with complex problems and require large training time. To overcome these drawbacks, a generalized neuron based non-linear controller has been developed and illustrated as a power system stabilizer. Studies on a five-machine power system show that the proposed controller can significantly improve the dynamic performance and provide good damping of the power system over a wide operating range.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A decentralized power system stabilizer output feedback design approach is considered, which is compatible with expanding the construction of multi-machine systems. We presume that the interconnected power system is constructed by connecting closed-loop subsystems one after another. We take the proper stable factorization approach for calculating the local compensators. We apply the result to the new subsystem at each connection stage with unfixed power system stabilizer parameters. We then determine the parameters appropriately, before connection, so that the expanded system is stable after connection. A numerical example is worked out to illustrate the proposed design technique. 14 refs, 5 figs, 3 tabs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Long term indoor radon gas measurements using a passive monitor are now being conducted in the basement HVAC machine rooms of about fifty commercial buildings, which are built in the Tokyo and Nagoya metropolitan area. Ventilation rates are also measured during the monitoring period. The earliest results show that the highest concentration was about twice of the EPA Standards and was obtained at Nagoya in autumn and no clear seasonal change was seen in radon concentration so far, and that the correlation between radon concentration and inverse number of ventilation rate was positive but not high. (orig.). (2 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This thesis deals with the reduced-order modeling of electrical machines and interconnected power systems in the medium time scale using integral manifold techniques. First, an improved model for power system stabilizer design that captures the damping due to the amortisseur windings while retaining the simplicity of the DeMello-Concordia model is presented. Second, time scales of the regulated synchronous machine are analyzed using the linearized models, and the well-known effects of the high-gain regulator on the system are explained. A reduced-order model that captures the damping due to the power-system stabilizer is presented. Third, speed-damping terms are obtained in the swing equation in a multimachine environment by approximating the integral manifold associated with fast damper windings. This provides a theoretical basis for the practice of adding cross-damping terms to the swing equation to account for damping present in the system. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strain transient dip tests have been conducted on two commercial heats of Alloy 800 at 922 K. Tests were conducted on both a servo-controlled hydraulic machine and a specially designed dip test machine. Using measured maximum strain changes during dips allowed unambiguous definition of a kinematic variable. The several other methods of interpreting dip test data by attempting to measure strain rates shortly after the unloading decrements were found not to be satisfactory. The nature of the instantaneous unloading strains and the strain transients following unloading are also discussed in terms of the mechanisms of deformation in Alloy 800. 9 figures, 3 tables.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Determination of the maximum temperature and temperature distribution along the rake face of the cutting tool is of particular importance because of its controlling influence on tool life, as well as, the quality of the machined part. Numerous attempts have been made to approach the problem with different methods including experimental, analytical and numerical analysis. Although considerable research effort has been made on the thermal problem in metal cutting, there is hardly a consensus on the basics principles. The unique tribological contact phenomenon, which occur in metal cutting is highly localized and non-linear, and occurs at high temperatures, high pressures and high strains. This has made it extremely difficult to predict in a precise manner or even assess the performance of va...

Science.gov (United States)

Sandia Laboratories, as part of its investigation of the Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), has been involved recently in an economic assessment of the concept. The class of VAWT's investigated use curved, fixed-pitch blades of constant section rigidly attached to a vertical rotating tower. Qualitatively, the main advantages of the VAWT over more conventional, propeller-type machines are the elimination of yaw controls, the placement of mechanical equipment at ground level, its amenability to simple, low-cost blade fabrication techniques, and aerodynamic stall characteristics which eliminate the need for active pitch control devices. The main disadvantages relative to modern propeller machines are a somewhat lower aerodynamic efficiency (about 10% lower), the limited ability of the rotor to self-start, and generally lower rotor operating RPM's, which leads to higher torque capacity requirements for the drive train.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents a practical design for a power system stabilizer using the differential geometric linearization approach. This stabilizer uses the information at the secondary bus of the step-up transformer as input signals, enabling its application to multi-machine power systems. The stabilizer makes it possible to obtain all necessary information within its own power station without observing an equivalent reactance in other power systems. To evaluate the dynamic performance of this stabilizer, the authors tested it on a multi-machine system model using the computer. The simulation results showed that the stabilizer offered good dynamic performance and robustness compared with conventional power system stabilizers, thus confirming its very effective and practical application in power system stabilization.

CERN Document Server

Recently, applying the novel data mining techniques for evaluating enterprise financial distress has received much research alternation. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and back propagation neural (BPN) network has been applied successfully in many areas with excellent generalization results, such as rule extraction, classification and evaluation. In this paper, a model based on SVM with Gaussian RBF kernel is proposed here for enterprise financial distress evaluation. BPN network is considered one of the simplest and are most general methods used for supervised training of multilayered neural network. The comparative results show that through the difference between the performance measures is marginal; SVM gives higher precision and lower error rates.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A novel adaptive stabilizer, called an Adaptive Governor Power System Stabilizer (AGPSS), which operated on the governor turbine system, was described. There has been extensive research on adaptive excitation control of generators in power systems with the goal of achieving better dynamic performance. AGPSS tracks the frequency and damping of oscillations in a power system, and adjusts to ensure that there is always sufficient damping in the system. There is no interaction between stabilizers on different generating units, and each one acts independently, consuming oscillation energy locally. These stabilizers are easy to design and this facilitates their use in multimachine systems. Results obtained by nonlinear simulation of a single-machine and a three-machine power system were discussed, illustrating the effectiveness of the stabilizers in supplying damping and improving stability. It was pointed out that the operation of AGPSS does not ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A simple model based on surface chemistry is developed, based an simple concepts of contact angle, wetting and spreading. Results of the modeling can be stated by two simplified ``rules of thumb``: (1) A liquid will spread on the surface of a solid if the surface tension of the liquid is lose than the surface free energy of the solid, and (2) The liquid having the surface tension nearest that of the solid will preferentially wet the surface of the solid. These two rules can then be used to define the parameters that constitute a process for formulating a plastic bonded explosive (PBX), which is a crystalline high-explosive material coated with a small amount of plastic polymeric material (the binder). The PBX then can be pressed to a high density, and machined to a specific shape. The pressed and machined explosive material can then be used in a physics experiment to study fundamental properties of either the explosive or some other material.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a novel technology where CO{sub 2} is inherently separated during combustion. Due to the existence of sulfur contaminants in the fossil fuels, the gaseous products of sulfur species and the interaction of sulfur contaminants with oxygen carrier are a big concern in the CLC practice. The reactivity of NiO/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} oxygen carrier reduction with a gas mixture of CO/H{sub 2} and H{sub 2}S is investigated by means of a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum analyzer in this study. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are used to evaluate the phase characterization of reacted oxygen carrier, and the formation mechanisms of the gaseous products of sulfur species are elucidated in the process of chemical looping combustion with a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen sulfide. The results show that the rate of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

LiNi{sub 0.8}Co{sub 0.2}O{sub 2} particles from high-power lithium-ion cells were examined to determine material changes that result from accelerated aging tests. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) data indicated a Li{sub x}Ni{sub 1-x}O-type layer on the particle surfaces. The greater thickness on particles from high-power fade cells indicate that these surface layers are a significant contributor to cathode impedance rise observed during cell tests.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

He ions incident at grazing angles on Cu(110) and Ni(110) surfaces are neutralised into triplet and singlet states, of which the 3p, 3d and 4d upper states are accessible to optical spectroscopy. In the energy range from 500 eV to 15 keV no significant energy dependence of the relative intensities of singlet and triplet lines was observed for scattering on Cu(110). The intensities from Ni(110) are higher and the singlet to triplet intensity ratio of the 3d to 2p transition is about 6% smaller than that from Cu(110). The results can be explained well by assuming resonant charge capture into excited He and intermediate formation of negative He"- states. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The redistribution of implanted As and Sb following metal-silicide formation of Pt, Pd, and Ni has been studied. The phases of the silicides used were PtSi, Pd_2Si, and NiSi. Investigations with Rutherford backscattering analysis showed that after the formation of the silicides, the Sb was always found in the silicide layer near the surface of the samples, whereas PtSi and Pd_2Si caused a partial rejection of As for implanted doses of 2 x 10"1"5 cm"-"2 and higher. No rejection of As was found after the formation of NiSi. The results are discussed in terms of solid solubilities and impurity-metal compound formation. The data presented has implications in the fabrication of Ohmic contacts and the adjustments of the heights of Schottky barriers on silicon.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effects of addition of 0.17wt%Zr, 0.1wt%Mg and 0.1wt%Co on the mechanical properties of a Cu-1.2wt%Ni-0.2wt%Be alloy have been investigated. Adding Zr, Co or Mg to the Cu-Ni-Be alloy brings about the improvement in strength and stress relaxation property. The Zr, Co or Mg addition decreases the inter-precipitate spacing of #gamma#'' precipitates, resulting in the increase in strength. The higher resistance to the stress relaxation of the Zr- or Co-added alloy is attributed to the lower density of mobile dislocations. The improvement of stress relaxation property by the Mg addition is explained by the viscous glide motion of dislocations dragging Mg atoms, in addition to the lower density of mobile dislocations.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The ground state masses of thirty-nine neutron-rich nuclei from "5"1Ca to "7"2Ni have been measured using the Time-of-Flight Isochronous (TOFI) spectrometer. Eight of these masses have been measured for the first time and thirty-one are remeasurements of neutron-rich nuclei previously reported. Good agreement between these results and a previous TOFI experiment was observed except for the most neutron-rich isotopes of vanadium through iron with the present results being more bound and in better agreement with theory. The low binding energy of "6"8Ni, as indicated by an unreasonably low two-neutron separation energy, suggests the presence of a high-lying, long-lived isomeric state in this nucleus. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have succeeded in aligning self-assembled structures by using a lithographically defined stripe. The 140 nm wide by 100 nm high SiO{sub 2} strip is shown to guide the assembly of 500 nm latex spheres so that spheres are aligned along the strip and are in registration on either side of the strip. This method can be used to increase long-range ordering in magnetic storage systems without compromising the density. Inverse sphere Ni arrays were made by electrodeposition through the latex template. We also show that the hexagonal symmetry of the resulting inverse sphere Ni arrays can be simulated using the approach presented below.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We have succeeded in aligning self-assembled structures by using a lithographically defined stripe. The 140nm wide by 100nm high SiO2 strip is shown to guide the assembly of 500nm latex spheres so that spheres are aligned along the strip and are in registration on either side of the strip. This method can be used to increase long-range ordering in magnetic storage systems without compromising the density. Inverse sphere Ni arrays were made by electrodeposition through the latex template. We also show that the hexagonal symmetry of the resulting inverse sphere Ni arrays can be simulated using the approach presented below.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stability and decomposition of PtSi, NiSi, and PdSi in contact with single crystal or amorphous Si is examined. PtSi, PdSi and NiSi are thermally stable both with Si, but are unstable in contact with metal film. It is shown that epitaxial Si layers can be obtained using both Pd and Al as metal film and layers can be electrically doped by the addition of a doping layer to the thin film structure prior to the heat treatment or by inclusion of Al atoms so that n/sup +/ and p/sup +/ conductivity can be achieved in the grown epilayer. The effects of impurities, substrate orientation on the growth kinetics are also discussed. (LEW)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of the composition of multicomponent Zr-Ti-V-Mn-Cr-Ni alloys on their hydrogen-storage capacity and on the rate of electrosorption/desorption hydrogen was investigated under potentiodynamics as well as single-pulse and long-term galvanostatic conditions. The main characteristics of alloys and alloy electrodes were determined by their structural analysis by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, by specific surface area test and by determination of the hydrogen absorption/desorption isotherms in the gas/solid phase system. It was found that only the alloys with a manganese content below a threshold could be used as electrode materials for Ni-MH batteries, whereas the modification of the electrode material by micro-encapsulation of alloy particles should limit the dissolution of manganese from the electrode material in a strong alkaline solution. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in birch leaves (Folium Betulae), dandelion roots (Radix Taraxacae), hawthorn blossom (Inflorescentia Crataegi) and their infusions by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) after microwave digestion of plant samples. Infusions were made from herbs according to prescription for patients, provided by the producer of medicine on the package. The results obtained were compared with daily requirements for each element. Results show high content of cadmium in the medicinal plants analyzed. The highest level in infusions was observed for Ni and Zn (over 90% of the total element concentration for Ni and in most cases over 50% for Zn), and the lowest for Cd and Pb. The calculated daily intake of majority of the analyzed elements was very low (under 1% of daily requirements)

CERN Document Server

We present constraints on theoretical models of Type Ia SNe using spatially resolved ASCA X-ray spectroscopy of four galaxy clusters: Abell 496, Abell 2199, Abell 3571 & Perseus. All four clusters have central Fe abundance enhancements and an ensemble of abundance ratios are used to show that most of the Fe in the central regions of the clusters comes from SN Ia. At the center of each cluster, simultaneous analysis of spectra from all ASCA instruments shows that the Ni to Fe abundance ratio (normalized by the solar ratio) is ~ 4. We use the Ni/Fe ratio as a discriminator between SN Ia explosion models: the Ni/Fe ratio of ejecta from the "Convective Deflagration" model W7 is consistent with the observations, while those of "delayed detonation" models are not consistent at the 90% confidence level.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The Jaduguda U (?Cu?Fe) deposit in the Singhbhum shear zone has been the most productive uranium deposit in India. Pyrite occurs as disseminated grains or in sulphide stringers and veins in the ore zone. Veins, both concordant and discordant to the pervasive foliation, are mineralogically either simple comprising pyrite ? chalcopyrite or complex comprising pyrite + chalcopyrite + pentlandite + millerite. Nickel-sulphide minerals, though fairly common in concordant veins, are very rare in the discordant veins. Pyrite in Ni-sulphide association is commonly replaced by pentlandite at the grain boundary or along micro-cracks. Based on concentrations of Co and Ni, pyrite is classified as: type-A ? high Co (up to 30800?ppm), no/low Ni; type-B ? moderate Co (up to 16500?ppm) and moderate to high ...

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Recently the increase of steam temperature and pressure of power plant is required to enhance the thermal efficiency and reduce the CO{sub 2} emission. For the application to advanced USC (Ultra Super Critical) boiler with steam temperature around 700 C, the application of Ni-based alloy such as Alloy617 will be necessary. A new Ni-based alloy USC141 (20Cr-10Mo-2Ti-Al-bal.Ni) with excellent creep rupture strength and low thermal expansion has been developed by Hitachi Ltd. and Hitachi Metals Ltd. as the candidate material for 700 C USC turbine components. In present work, to investigate the possibility for boiler tube application of USC141, its weldability and high temperature strength properties were experimentally examined. The tested material as solution-treated condition shows higher creep rupture strength than that of Alloy617. GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) trials of tubular specimen using NIMONIC263 filler wire were ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

K?-to-K? X-ray intensity ratios of Ti and Ni have been measured in pure metals and in alloys of TixNi1-x (x=0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4 and 0.3) following excitation by 22.69 keV X-rays from a 10 mCi 109Cd radioactive point source. The valence-electron configurations of these metals were determined by corporation of measured K?-to-K? X-ray intensity ratios with the results of multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculation for various valence-electron configurations. Valence-electron configurations of 3d-transition metals in alloys indicate significant differences with respect to the pure metals. Our analysis indicates that these differences arise from delocalization and/or charge transfer phenomena in alloys. Namely, the observed change of the valence-electron configurations of metals in alloys can be explained with the transfer of 3d electrons from one element to the other element and/or the rearrangement of electrons between 3d and 4s, 4p states of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stress corrosion cracking tests in constant extension rate tensile (CERT) and constant load tensile (CLT) tests were conducted on Ni-xCr- 9Fe-yC in Ar, water, and a LiOH-boric acid solution. Cr and C improve the resistance of Ni-base alloys to IG cracking in both Ar and water at 360C. Since creep plays a role in IG cracking, one possible explanation for the role of the environment involves its effect on the creep. Experiments were conducted on the role of C in the deformation behavior and failure mode of Ni-16Cr-9Fe. Constant load experiments were conducted on Ni-16Cr-9Fe to determine if the CLT test is more aggressive than CERT. The electron backscattering technique in a SEM is being developed in order to extend the IG cracking studies to grain sizes typical of commercial alloys, 20-30 microns.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Results of hot cracking on welds with compositions between alloy 800 and AWS ER NiCr 3. Investigation of the influence of Si, Mn, Ti and Al on the hot cracking suscpetibility of the alloy 800. (orig.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundIt has been reported that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the interannual variation of endemic cholera in Bangladesh. There is increased...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Three new rare earth metal-rich compounds, Gd_6MTe_2 (M=Co, Ni) and Er_6RuTe_2, were synthesized in direct reactions between the R, R_3M, and R_2Te_3 (R=Gd, Er, M=Co, Ni, Ru). These materials all adopt the same Zr_6CoAl_2 structure type with space group P6-bar 2m (No. 189, Z=1). Single crystal structures of Gd_6CoTe_2 and Er_6RuTe_2 were determined and lattice parameters are a=b=8.3799(5), c=3.9801(4) A, and a=b=8.1473(5) A, c=3.9962(4) A, respectively. Gd_6NiTe_2 was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction; lattice parameters are a=b=8.412(2), c=3.9577(9) A. Metal-metal bonding correlations were analyzed using the empirical Pauling bond order concept.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

New Schiff base derivatives (L1 and L2) were prepared by the condensation of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (o-vanillin) and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (iso-vanillin) with 5-methylfurfurylamine. Two new complexes [Ni(L1)2] and [Cu(L1)2] have been synthesized with bidentate NO donor Schiff base ligand (L1). The Ni(II) and Cu(II) atoms in each complex are four coordinated in a square planar geometry. Schiff bases (L1 and L2) and complexes [Ni(L1)2] and [Cu(L1)2] were characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-vis, mass and 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopies. The crystal structures of the ligand (L2) and complexes [Ni(L1)2] and [Cu(L1)2] have also been determined by using X-ray crystallographic technique.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Russian 1986. p. 339. USSR Smirnov, AV Antropov, AE Osorio, VF Zarubin,

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The service conditions for high-temperature heat-exchangers with helium coolant of HTGRs and requirements imposed on materials for their production are discussed. The choice of nickel-base alloys with solid-solution hardening for long-term service at high temperatures is grounded. Results of study on properties and structure of types Ni-25Cr-5W-5Mo and Ni-20Cr-20W alloy in the temperature range of 900 deg. - 1,000 deg. C are given. The ageing of Ni-25Cr-5W-5Mo alloy at 900 deg. - 950 deg. C results in decreased corrosion-mechanical properties and is caused by the change of structural metal stability. Alloy with 20% tungsten retains a high stability of both structure and properties after prolonged exposure in helium at above temperatures. The alloy has also increased resistance to delayed fracture and low-cycle fatigue at high temperatures. The developed alloy of type Ni-20Cr-20W with microalloying is ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

El Niño/Southern Oscillation related climate anomalies were analyzed by using a combination of satellite measurements of elevated sea-surface temperatures and subsequent elevated rainfall and...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We calculate parity-dependent level densities for the even-even isotopes "5"8","6"2","6"6Fe and "5"8Ni and the odd-A nuclei "5"9Ni and "6"5Fe using the shell model Monte Carlo method. We perform these calculations in the complete fp-gds shell-model space using a pairing+quadrupole residual interaction. We find that, due to pairing of identical nucleons, the low-energy spectrum is dominated by positive parity states. Although these pairs break at around the same excitation energy in all nuclei, the energy dependence of the ratio of negative-to-positive parity level densities depends strongly on the particular nucleus of interest. We find equilibration of both parities at noticeably lower excitation energies for the odd-A nuclei "5"9Ni and "6"5Fe than for the neighboring even-even nuclei "5"8Ni and "6"6Fe.

Science.gov (United States)

This study deals with the torsional response of Ti-8823 and 18Ni (200) maraging steel. The effect of different heat treatments and the subsequent change in microstructure are investigated. In the case of the Ti-8823, a comparison was made between the solu...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fe-Ni-Mn martensitic steels are one of the major groups of ultra-high strength steels that have good mechanical properties and ductility in as annealed condition but they suffer from severe inter-granular embitterment after aging. In this paper, the effect of heavy shaped cold rolling and wire drawing on the mechanical properties of Fe-Ni-Mn steel was investigated. This process could provide a large strain deformation in this alloy. The total strain was #epsilon# #approx#7. Aging behavior and tensile properties of Fe-10Ni-7Mn were studied after aging at 753 K. The results showed that the ultimate tensile strength and ductility after cold rolling, wire drawing and aging increased up to 2540 MPa and 7.1 %, respectively, while the conventional steels show a premature fracture stress of 830 MPa with about zero ductility after aging.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The phenomenon of the limit of pitting corrosion in direction to positive potentials is studied by potentiokinetic polarization after a jump in the transpassive range and by potentiostatic tests at technical wrought materials and at model alloys of the systems NiCrMo and NiMo in CaCl{sub 2} solution in the concentration range 1 to 9 mol/l chloride at pH-values of 1 to 9 at temperatures of 30 to 110 C. Surface-analytical investigations gives in connection with knowledges from anodic polarization studies directions to the mechanism of the limit of pitting corrosion. Ranges of the limit of pitting corrosion are obtained at materials with a Mo content above 6.5% and contents of chloride of the media above 2 mol/l chloride. Increasing temperatures, increasing contents of chloride and sulfate shift the potential of the limit of pitting corrosion being always above 0.2 V (SCE) at potentiostatic determination to noble direction. There are indications ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xe ion irradiation of NiSi, PdSi, and PtSi on Si was performed at various substrate temperatures. The phase formation and mixing behavior of the three monosilicides with their Si substrates are quite different. For NiSi, NiSi_2 was formed on amorphous Si substrates at 350 "0C, while NiSi remained stable on crystalline Si substrates even at 400 "0C. PtSi reacted with Si to form a metastable Pt_4Si_9 phase, which decomposed back to PtSi and Si by successive irradiation at higher temperatures. The decomposition of the metastable Pt_4Si_9 was easier on crystalline Si substrates than on amorphous substrates. No mixing was observed for PdSi on Si in the temperature range of 35--400 "0C. The ion mixing results were compared with those from thermal annealing. The importance of demixing of a thermally stable system was explored.