labeled anionic peptides: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

Carbohydrates/nucleosides/RNA-DNA-ligand interactions

The natriuretic peptides are considered to be cardioprotective; however, their receptors have not been identified in human myocardium using radiolabeled analogs. Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP) has been recently identified as a new member of this peptide family and is thought to be less susceptible to enzymatic degradation. Therefore, we have developed the novel radiolabeled analog [125I]-DNP and used this to localize high-affinity (K(D)=0.2 nmol/L), saturable, specific binding sites in adult human heart (n=6) and coronary artery (n=8). In competition binding experiments, atrial natriuretic peptide and brain type natriuretic peptide had greater affinity for [125I]-DNP binding sites than C-type natriuretic peptide and the natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-C ligand, cANF. This rank order of potency suggested binding of [125I]-DNP was ...

2006-06-15

2

Efficient preparation of 99mTc(III) '4+1' mixed-ligand complexes for peptide labeling with high specific activity

Carbohydrate and nucleotide structural determination using modern spectroscopic techniques is dependent on our ability to label oligonucleotides and oligosaccharides with stable isotopes. Uniform Carbon 13 and Nitrogen 15 labeling of oligonucleotides is important to present-day efforts, which are focused on determining the structure of relatively small oligosaccharides and oligonucleotides, which form the elements of larger structures. Because of the relatively recent interest in three-dimensional structure, the development of techniques used to label them has lagged behind parallel techniques used to label peptides and proteins. Therefore, this group`s discussion focused primarily on problems faced today in obtaining oligonucleotides labeled uniformly with carbon 13 and nitrogen 15.

1994-12-01

3

Cellular uptake of Aib-containing amphipathic helix peptide.

An improved labeling procedure for peptides attached to organometallic 99mTc(III) '4+1' mixed-ligand complexes in which the radiometal is coordinated by a tripodal tetradentate chelator 2,2',2''-nitrilotriethanethiol (NS3) and a monodentate isocyanide ligand is presented. The labeling procedure was evaluated by the synthesis of [99mTc(NS3)(L2-RGD)]. The containing radiopharmaceutically interesting RGD-peptide cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys] was modified with 4-isocyanobutanoic acid (L2) as linker conjugated to N6-Lys to get the monodentate ligand L2-RGD. The structural identity of the 99mTc-conjugate was confirmed by comparison to a Re reference compound. The Tc- and Re-conjugates had matching retention times under identical HPLC conditions. The 99mTc-labeling was performed in a novel one-step procedure using the eluate of a 99Mo/99mTc generator, NS3, the isocyanide modified ...

2010-09-01

4

Synthesis and biodistribution of "9"9"mTc-peptides conjugated adenine as tumor imaging agents

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are useful tools for the delivery of hydrophilic bioactive molecules, such as peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides, across the cell membrane. To realize the delivery of therapeutic macromolecules by CPPs, the CPPs are required to show resistance to protease and no cytotoxicity. In order to produce potent non-toxic and protease-resistant CPPs with high cellular uptake, we designed an amphipathic helix peptide using ?-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib, U) and named it MAP(Aib). In the MAP(Aib) molecule, five Aib residues are aligned on the hydrophobic face of the helix and five lysine (K) residues are aligned on the hydrophilic face. MAP(Aib) showed potent resistance to trypsin and pronase compared with MAP, an amphipathic helix peptide formed by usual amino acids. Fluorescein-labeled MAP(Aib) efficiently traversed the A549 cell membrane, diffusing into ...

2011-08-11

5

211At-Rh(16-S4-diol) as a starting complex for preparing an astatine-labeled radiopharmaceutical

Two peptide ligands conjugated adenine, [9-N-(tritylmercapto acetyl diglycyl aminoethyl) adenine, Tr-MAG_2-Ade] and [9-N-(tritylmercapto acetyl triglycyl aminoethyl) adenine, Tr-MAG3-Ade], are synthesized and labeled with "9"9"mTc by directly labeling method. The stability of "9"9"mTc-MAG_2- adenine and "9"9"mTc-MAG_3-adenine in vitro is measured. The uptake radios of tumor to muscle at 3h post-injection are 5.70 and 4.92, respectively. The biodistribution and scintigraphic imaging studies show that the two complexes have high localization in tumor and high contrasted tumor images can be obtained, which suggest their potential utility as tumor imaging agents. But the high radioactivity of abdomen could prevent the tumor imaging in this area. (author)

2007-07-01

6

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A new procedure for preparing an 211At-labeled radiopharmaceutical is suggested. The 211At? anion forms a strong bond with the Rh3+ cation incorporated in the complex with a thiother ligand, 1,5,9,13-tetrathiacyclohexadecane-3,11-diol (16-S4-diol). The reaction conditions are optimized with 131I as astatine analog. The complexes are studied by paper electrophoresis, ion exchange, and thin-layer chromatography. The kinetics of the addition of the 131I? anion to Rh(16-S4-diol) and the dependence of the yield of the forming complex 131I-Rh(16-S4-diol) on the temperature, solution acidity, and reactant concentrations are examined. Taking into account the results obtained, the complex 211At-Rh(16-S4-diol) is prepared by adding astatide (211 At?) to equivalent amounts of RhCl3 and the tetrathioe...

2008-01-01

7

Cysteinyl peptides of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase labeled by the affinity label 8-((4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio)adenosine 5 prime -triphosphate

Free radicals and their transformations in irradiated proteins

The affinity label 8-((4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio)adenosine 5{prime}-triphosphate (8-BDB-TA-5{prime}-TP) reacts covalently with rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase, incorporating 2 mol of reagent/mol of enzyme subunit upon complete inactivation. Protection against inactivation is provided by phosphoenolpyruvate, K{sup +}, and Mn{sup 2+} and only 1 mol of reagent/mol of subunit is incorporated. The authors have now identified the resultant modified residues. After reaction with 8-BDB-TA-5{prime}-TP at pH 7.0, modified enzyme was incubated with ({sup 3}H)NaBH{sub 4} to reduce the carbonyl groups of enzyme-bound 8-BDB-TA-5{prime}-TP and to introduce a radioactive tracer into the modified residues. Following carboxymethylation and digestion with trypsin, the radioactive peptides were separated on a phenylboronate agarose column followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid with an acetonitrile gradient. ...

1990-03-13

8

Direct photoaffinity labeling of gizzard myosin with ["3H]uridine diphosphate places Glu185 of the heavy chain at the active site

Experimental investigation data are systematized of free radical states and processes in irradiated proteins. The investigation is performed by the radiospectral methods. Results are discussed in detail of the study of free radicals electronic structure of amino acids, peptides and proteins formed by the action of ionizing radiation. The specificity is stressed of the study of monocrystalls of these compounds by the method of electronic paramagnetic resonance. The nature is also studied of primary centres formed under the effect of radiation on biologically important compounds and their subsequent reactions in solid and liquid solutions. Ion-radical states of different functional groups of the protein molecule are studied. Prospects of the study and the role of anion-radicals in biological processes are discusses.

9

Direct photoaffinity labeling by nucleotides of the apparent catalytic site on the heavy chains of smooth muscle and Acanthamoeba myosins

The active site of chicken gizzard myosin was labeled by direct photoaffinity labeling with ["3H]UDP. ["3H] UDP was stably trapped at the active site by addition of vanadate (Vi) and Co"2"+. The extraordinary stability of the myosin.Co2+.[3H]UDP.Vi complex (t1/2 greater than 5 days at 0 degrees C) allowed it to be purified free of extraneous ["3H]UDP before irradiation began. Upon UV irradiation, greater than 60% of the trapped ["3H]UDP was photoincorporated into the active site. Only the 200-kDa heavy chain was labeled, confirming earlier results using ["3H]UTP. Extensive tryptic digestion of photolabeled myosin subfragment 1 followed by high performance liquid chromatography separations and removal of nucleotide phosphates by treatment with alkaline phosphatase allowed two labeled peptides to be isolated. Sequencing of the labeled peptides ...

10

Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide: endogenous or dubious?

The heavy chains of Acanthamoeba myosins, IA, IB and II, turkey gizzard myosin, and rabbit skeletal muscle myosin subfragment-1 were specifically labeled by radioactive ATP, ADP, and UTP, each of which is a substrate or product of myosin ATPase activity, when irradiated with uv light at 0"0C. With UTP, as much as 0.45 mol/mol of Acanthamoeba myosin IA heavy chain and 1 mol/mol of turkey gizzard myosin heavy chain was incorporated. Evidence that the ligands were associated with the catalytic site included the observations that reaction occurred only with nucleotides that are substrates or products of the ATPase activity; that the reaction was blocked by pyrophosphate which is an inhibitor of the ATPase activity; that ATP was bound as ADP; and that label was probably restricted to a single peptide following limited subtilisin proteolysis of labeled Acanthamoeba myosin IA heavy chain and extensive cleavage ...

11

Serine-324 of myosin's heavy chain is photoaffinity-labeled by 3 prime (2 prime )-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine triphosphate

PMID:11809176

2002-01-01

12

Mapping of the nucleotide-binding sites in the ADP/ATP carrier of beef heart mitochondria by photolabeling with 2-azido[#alpha#-"3"2P]adenosine diphosphate

A portion of the active site of rabbit skeletal myosin near the ribose ring of ATP can be labeled by the photoaffinity analogue 3{prime}(2{prime})-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine triphosphate (Bz{sub 2}ATP). The specificity of the photolabeling was assured by first trapping ({sup 14}C)Bz{sub 2}ATP at the active site by use of thiol cross-linking agents. Five radioactive peptides were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography after extensive trypsin and subtilisin digestion of photolabeled myosin subfragment 1. Four of these peptides were sequenced by Edman techniques, and all originated from a region with the sequence Gly-Glu-Ile-Thr-Val-Pro-Ser-Ile-Asp-Asp-Gln, which corresponds to rabbit myosin heavy chain residues 312-328. The fifth labeled peptide had an amino acid composition appropriate for residues 312-328. Amino acid composition, radiochemical analysis, and sequence ...

1989-05-02

13

Characterization of histamine H_1-receptor binding peptides in guinea pig brain using ["1"2"5I]iodoazidophenpyramine, an irreversible specific photoaffinity probe

2-Azido[#alpha#-"3"2P]adenosine diphosphate (2-azido[#alpha#-"3"2P]ADP) has been used to photolabel the ADP/ATP carrier in beef heart mitochondria. In reversible binding assays carried out in the dark, this photoprobe was found to inhibit ADP/ATP transport in beef heart mitochondria and to bind to two types of specific sites of the ADP/ATP carrier characterized by high-affinity binding (K/sub d/ = 20 #mu#M) and low-affinity binding (K/sub d/ = 400 #mu#M). In contrast, it was unable to bind to specific carrier sites in inverted submitochondrial particles. Upon photoirradiation of beef heart mitochondria in the presence of 2-azido[#alpha#-"3"2P]ADP, the ADP/ATP carrier was covalently labeled. After purification, the photolabeled carrier protein was cleaved chemically by acidolysis or cyanogen bromide and enzymatically with the Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. In the ADP/ATP carrier protein, which is 297 amino acid residues in length, two discrete regions extending ...

14

Labelling of amphetamines with /sup 123/I

Aminophenpyramine, a derivative of mepyramine (pyrilamine), a typical antagonists of histamine at its H_1 receptor was synthesized and converted into ["1"2"5I]iodoazidophenpyramine, a potential photoaffinity probe for the H_1 receptor. In the dark, reversible binding of this probe to cerebellar membranes occurred with a K/sub d/ of 1.2 x 10"-"1"1 M and a B/sub max/ of 240 fmol/mg of protein and was inhibited by various H_1-receptor antagonists with the expected potencies. These features establish the compound as one of the most potent H_1-receptor antagonists known so far. Upon IV irradiation, 5% of the bound radioactivity was covalently incorporated into cerebellar membrane polypeptides as shown by standard NaDodSO_4/PAGE. Two bands of 47 and 56 kDa were consistently labeled, labeling being prevented by various H_1-receptor antagonists with the expected potencies and stereoselectivity. In the presence of protease inhibitors, ...

15

Solute carrier transporters as targets for drug delivery and pharmacological intervention for chemotherapy

Within the past decade two important groups of radiopharmaceuticals labelled with /sup 123/I were introduced into the clinical application opening new areas of metabolic studies in nuclear medicine: radioiodinated fatty acids were developed for metabolic studies of the myocardium and radioiodinated amphetamine derivatives were prepared for studying brain diseases by means of SPECT. It must be emphasized that the radiochemical problems with both groups of compounds are practically the same since both are radioiodinated by a nucleophilic substitution mechanism using /sup 123/I directly in its anionic form. The clinical application of brain imaging agents, particularly the one of p-/sup 123/I-iodo-N-isopropylamphetamine, is important and will presumably increase as soon as the details of the individual biochemical steps, which are involved in brain uptake mechanisms, are evaluated. It is felt that the potential of the clinical IMP application is ...

16

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Many solute carrier transporters that interact with anticancer agents and contribute to their pharmacokinetics have been shown to be differentially upregulated in cancer cells as a result of adaptive response to altered nutritional requirements. This review focuses on pathophysiological function of membrane transporters responsible for the influx of physiological substances including oligopeptides, amino acids, and organic cations and anions, and summarizes the recent knowledge regarding mechanisms in their gene expressions. Broad substrate specificity of enhanced oligopeptide H+/peptide cotransporter 1 activity in cancer cells is useful for tumor tissue-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and positron emission tomography diagnostic probes. Amino acid transporters such as...

2011-01-01

17

In vivo and in vitro evaluation of dota-lanreotide radiolabelled with gallium-67

Novel Antidrugabuse Peptide

One of the refinements of modern Nuclear Medicine is the capacity of providing dynamic and kinetics images of the administered radiopharmaceutical, reproducing its transport mechanism, action sites, receptor binding and excretion route. With the continues technological advances new radiopharmaceuticals have been developed in order to express higher specificity and with higher characters of affinity between receptor/complex. One radiopharmaceutical is formed by a reagent or bio molecule that has in its structure a radioisotope, that has the objectives of carrying it to the organs of affinity or to benign or malign tumoral process. Somatostatin inhibits the growing and proliferation of several tumoral cells. Somatostatin analogs bind to somatostatic receptors that are expressed in different kind of neoplasia DOTA-LANREOTIDE (DOTALAN) is an octapeptide analog to somatostatin. The interest of labeling the bio conjugate with gallium-67 in Nuclear Medicine comes from its ...

18

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Natural Biologically Active HLDF6 Peptide as Potential Preparation for Correction of Different Drugabuse Forms

19

Characterization of mammalian glucose transport proteins using photoaffinity labeling techniques

Characterization of mammalian glucose transport proteins using photoaffinity labeling techniques

A carrier-free radioiodinated phenylazide derivative of forskolin, 3-iodo-4-azidophenethylamido-7-O-succinyl-deacetyl-forskolin (({sup 125}I)IAPS-forskolin), has been shown to be a highly selective photoaffinity probe for the human erythrocyte glucose transported and the glucose transport proteins found in several mammalian tissues and cultured cells where the glucose transport protein is present at a low concentration. The photoincorporation of ({sup 125}I)IAPS-forskolin into these glucose transporters was blocked by D- (but not L-) glucose, cytochalasin B, and forskolin. In addition to labeling the mammalian glucose transport proteins, ({sup 125}I)IAPS-forskolin also labeled the L-arabinose transporter from E. coli. In muscle and adipose tissues, glucose transport is markedly increased in response to insulin. ({sup 125}I)IAPS-forskolin was shown to selectivity tag the glucose transporter in membranes derived from these cells. In addition, the ...

1989-01-01

20

"2"1"1At-Rh(16-S4-diol) - initial complex of radiopharmaceuticals labelled with astatine

A carrier-free radioiodinated phenylazide derivative of forskolin, 3-iodo-4-azidophenethylamido-7-O-succinyl-deacetyl-forskolin (["1"2"5I]IAPS-forskolin), has been shown to be a highly selective photoaffinity probe for the human erythrocyte glucose transported and the glucose transport proteins found in several mammalian tissues and cultured cells where the glucose transport protein is present at a low concentration. The photoincorporation of ["1"2"5I]IAPS-forskolin into these glucose transporters was blocked by D- (but not L-) glucose, cytochalasin B, and forskolin. In addition to labeling the mammalian glucose transport proteins, ["1"2"5I]IAPS-forskolin also labeled the L-arabinose transporter from E. coli. In muscle and adipose tissues, glucose transport is markedly increased in response to insulin. ["1"2"5I]IAPS-forskolin was shown to selectivity tag the glucose transporter in membranes derived from these cells. In addition, the covalent ...

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

21

Combination of physiologically balanced growth factors with antioxidants for reversal of facial photodamage

Paper describes a new procedure to synthesize a pharmaceutical containing "2"1"1At. "2"1"1At"- anion was found to bind strongly with Rh"3"+ cation complexing with a thio-ether ligand - 1,5,9,13-tetratiacyclohexadecane-3,11-diol (16-S4-diol). One made use of "1"3"1I isotope to seek for the optimal conditions of the reaction. The derived complexes were studied by means of the paper electrophoresis, the ion exchange, the surface chromatography. One studied the kinetics of "1"3"1I"- anion binding with Rh(16-S4-diol), the dependence of the yield of "1"3"1I-Rh(16-S4-diol) forming complex on the temperature. the acidity of the reaction mixture and the concentration of the reagents. On the basis of the determined conditions of the synthesis one prepared "2"1"1At-Rh(16-S4-diol) complex by more astatide ("2"1"1At"-) to the equivalent amounts of RhCl_3 and tetra-thio-ether (16-S4-diol). One studied its behaviour

22

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract A 3-month, open-label, single-center study was conducted to determine whether a uniquely formulated and physiologically balanced topical treatment serum containing multiple growth factors, cytokines, peptides, antioxidants and depigmenting agents could improve the visible signs of facial photodamage. Thirty-seven females, aged 32-55 years, with mild to severe, fine and coarse peri-ocular wrinkles were enrolled and completed the study. Subjects applied the treatment serum to the face twice daily for 3 months in conjunction with a basic skincare regimen. Clinical evaluations of photodamage were performed at baseline and months 1, 2 and 3. Cutometer measurements and subject self-assessment questionnaires were also conducted during the study. Clinical evaluations showed statistically ...

2010-01-01

23

An adjuvant autologous therapeutic vaccine (HSPPC-96; vitespen) versus observation alone for patients at high risk of recurrence after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase III trial

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary Background Treatment of localised renal cell carcinoma consists of partial or radical nephrectomy. A substantial proportion of patients are at risk for recurrence because no effective adjuvant therapy exists. We investigated the use of an autologous, tumour-derived heat-shock protein (glycoprotein 96)-peptide complex (HSPPC-96; vitespen) as adjuvant treatment in patients at high risk of recurrence after resection of locally advanced renal cell carcinoma. Methods In this open-label trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive either vitespen (n=409) or observation alone (n=409) after nephrectomy. Randomisation was done in a one to one ratio by a computer-generated pseudo-random number generator, with a block size of four, and was stratified by performance score, lymph node stat...

2008-01-01

24

Snake cathelicidin from Bungarus fasciatus is a potent peptide antibiotics.

DNA ENCODING MODIFIED SIGNAL PEPTIDE

PMID:18795096

2008-09-16

25

J-STORE (Japan)

Full Text Available

2005-01-11

26

Studies of the involvement of metal ions with several medicinal agents

Selective Enrichment of Azide-Containing Peptides from Complex Mixtures

NMR and CD studies indicate that Mg/sup 2 +/ and Ca/sup 2 +/ are able to change the conformation of tetracycline in DMSO solution. This may affect the in vivo effect of tetracycline. Using /sup 23/Na NMR, the formation constant of NaLAS (LAS represents the anion of lasalocid A) was found to be 80 M/sup -1/ which is much smaller than that in less polar solvents. Spin-lattice relaxation measurements were made to study the binding sites of Gd/sup 3 +/ on Las in ChCl/sub 3/-DMF mixed solvent system. No intermediate conformation (between cyclic and open-chain) was found. LAS was found to be a good second-sphere ligand to inert transition-metal amines. NMR studies suggest that LAS is in cyclic conformation when bound to these metal amines. A new method for the synthesis of spin-labeled anticancer Pt(II) complexes was developed. It is very simple and gives high yield of pure spin-labeled Pt(II) complexes.

1985-01-01

27

Primary and secondary structure of the pore-forming peptide of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica.

A general method is described to sequester peptides containing azides from complex peptide mixtures, aimed at facilitating mass spectrometric analysis to study different aspects of proteome...Full Text Available

2009-07-01

28

Natriuretic peptides in the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure.

A pore-forming peptide is implicated in the potent cytolytic activity of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. Using NH2-terminal sequence information of this peptide, the corresponding cDNA was isolated....Full Text Available

1992-10-01

29

MultiRTA: A simple yet reliable method for predicting peptide binding affinities for multiple class II MHC allotypes

A hallmark of congestive heart failure (CHF) is the activation of the cardiac endocrine system, in particular atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The natriuretic peptides are a group of structurally similar but genetically distinct peptides that have diverse actions in cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine homeostasis. ANP and BNP are of myocardial cell origin and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is of endothelial origin. ANP and BNP bind to the natriuretic peptide-A receptor (NPR-A), which, via 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), mediates natriuresis, vasodilatation, renin inhibition, antimitogenesis, and lusitropic properties. CNP lacks natriuretic actions but possesses vasodilating and growth inhibiting actions via the guanylyl cyclase-linked natriuretic peptide-B receptor. All three ...

2000-05-01

30

Atrial natriuretic peptide signal pathway upregulated in stomach of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

BackgroundThe binding of peptide fragments of antigens to class II MHC is a crucial step in initiating a helper T cell immune response. The identification of such peptide epitopes...Full Text Available

31

A hypothetical model for the peptide binding domain of hsp70 based on the peptide binding domain of HLA.

AIM: To investigate atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion from gastric mucosa and the relationship between the ANP/natriuretic peptide receptor type A (NPR-A) pathway and diabetic gastroparesis.METHODS:...Full Text Available

2010-01-07

32

Euglena light-harvesting chlorophyll A/B binding protein (LHCP) synthesized as an unusually large precursor

The sequences of the peptide binding domains of 33 70 kd heat shock proteins (hsp70) have been aligned and a consensus secondary structure has been deduced. Individual members showed no significant...Full Text Available

1991-05-01

33

Discovery of low-affinity preproinsulin epitopes and detection of autoreactive CD8 T-cells using combinatorial MHC multimers.

Light increased the rate of LHCP synthesis as measured by pulse-labeling with /sup 35/SO/sub 4/ and immunoprecipitation with antibody specific for Euglena LHCP. In addition to the mature LHCP, 26,000 daltons, the LHCP specific antibody immunoprecipitated large amounts of several proteins having molecular weights of approximately 100,000. On immunoblots of immunoprecipitated unlabeled protein, the antibody only detected the mature LHCP suggesting that the high molecular weight proteins are not LHCP aggregates produced during immunoprecipitation. After a 10 min pulse with /sup 35/SO/sub 4/, the 100,000 dalton proteins constituted over 80% of the immunoprecipitated material. In a subsequent chase, the radioactivity in the 100,000 dalton proteins decreased and the radioactivity in the mature LHCP increased suggesting a precursor-product relationship. After a 35 minute chase, the mature LHCP was the major radioactive protein immunoprecipitated. ...

1987-04-01

34

A comprehensive assessment of N-terminal signal peptides prediction methods

Autoreactive cytotoxic CD8 T-cells (CTLs) play a key pathogenic role in the destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells resulting in type 1 diabetes. However, knowledge regarding their targets is limited, restricting the ability to monitor the course of the disease and immune interventions. In a multi-step discovery process to identify novel CTL epitopes in human preproinsulin (PPI), PPI was digested with purified human proteasomes, and resulting COOH-fragments aligned with algorithm-predicted HLA-binding peptides to yield nine potential HLA-A1, -A2, -A3 or -B7-restricted candidates. An UV-exchange method allowed the generation of a repertoire of multimers including low-affinity HLA-binding peptides. These were labeled with quantum dot-fluorochromes and encoded in a combinatorial fashion, allowing parallel and sensitive detection of specific, low-avidity T-cells. Significantly increased frequencies of T-cells against four ...

2011-05-31

35

Microwave radiation effects on the thermally driven oxidase of erythrocytes

BackgroundAmino-terminal signal peptides (SPs) are short regions that guide the targeting of secretory proteins to the correct subcellular compartments in the cell. They are cleaved...Full Text Available

36

"2"1"1At-Rh(16-S4-diol) complex as a precursor for astatine radiopharmaceuticals

Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were labelled with a concanavalin A-luminol-bovine serum albumin conjugate specific for the transmembrane anion transport protein (Band 3) and exposed to 2450-MHz continuous-wave microwave radiation at an average specific absorption rate of 91W/kg for 10 min. The temperature was held constant at 25, 37, 40, 42, or 45C with an airflow heat-exchange system. Following exposure to microwave or air heating, the decrease in residual base-activated chemiluminescence (CL) of the SRBCs was measured as an indication of infield oxidase activity. Air heating resulted in a significant decrease in residual CL at temperatures above 37C (74% decrease at 45C). Microwave radiation inhibited the decline in residual CL above 37C. At 45C the inhibition was 40%. The results suggest microwave radiation either reversibly altered the thermodynamics of oxygen binding to haemoglobin or failed to energize a significant portion of the ...

1986-01-01

37

[Natriuretic peptides--relevance in intensive care].

"2"1"1At is one of the most promising radionuclides in #alpha#-radioimmunotherapy (#alpha#-RIT). Unfortunately, biomolecules labeled by direct electrophilic astatination are unstable due to the rapid loss of "2"1"1At under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The present paper describes the results of our studies on attaching At"- to the rhodium(III) complex with thioether ligand: 1,5,9,13-etrathiacyclohexadecane-3,11-diol (16-S4-diol). Rh"3"+ was chosen as a moderately soft metal cation which should form very strong bonds with soft At"- anions, but first of all because of the kinetic inertness of low spin rhodium(III) d"6 complexes. The 16-S4-diol ligand was selected due to formation of stable complexes with Rh"3"+. The experiments related to optimization of the reaction conditions were performed with the "1"3"1I, basing on a chemical similarity of I"- to At"-. The experiments with "2"1"1At were then carried out under the conditions found ...

38

Natriuretic peptides in vascular physiology and pathology.

The family of natriuretic peptides consists of the atria natriuretic peptide (ANP), the cerebral natriuretic peptide (BNP), the type C natriuretic peptide (CNP) and the peptide isolated from the dendroaspis snakes' poison (DNP), whose presence in humans has not been confirmed. The physiological function of ANP is in the control of arterial blood pressure by regulation of systemic vascular resistance of blood vessels. BNP is produced as one of the factors in the acute response to inflammatory tissue damage, mainly in coronary vessels. Increased serum concentrations of natriuretic peptides have been found in stress situations, such as trauma or major surgery, systemic hypotension, and in intrinsic myocardial dysfunction. High concentrations of natriuretic peptides were observed in severe sepsis, septic shock and in multiple organ failure, ...

39

Molecular characterization of the brain secretory peptides, prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) and bombyxin, of the silkmoth Bombyx mori

Four major natriuretic peptides have been isolated: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), and Dendroaspis-type natriuretic peptide (DNP). Natriuretic peptides play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis maintaining blood pressure and extracellular fluid volume. The classical endocrine effects of natriuretic peptides to modulate fluid and electrolyte balance and vascular smooth muscle tone are complemented by autocrine and paracrine actions that include regulation of coronary blood flow and, therefore, myocardial perfusion; modulation of proliferative responses during myocardial and vascular remodeling; and cytoprotective anti-ischemic effects. The actions of natriuretic peptides are mediated by the specific binding of these ...

2008-01-01

40

Investigation of the Association between Normal-tension Glaucoma and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Natriuretic Peptide Gene

Not Available

2004-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

41

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

42

Enteric neural pathways mediate the anti-inflammatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 2

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udgivelsesdato: 2007/7

2007-01-01

43

Regulation of C-type natriuretic peptide expression

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a member of the small family of natriuretic peptides that also includes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain, or B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Unlike them, it performs its major functions in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Those functions, mediated through binding to the membrane guanylyl cyclase natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B), or by signaling through the non-enzyme natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C), include the regulation of endochondral ossification, reproduction, nervous system development, and the maintenance of cardiovascular health. To date, the regulation of CNP gene expression has not received the attention that has been paid to regulation of the ANP and BNP genes. CNP expression in vitro is regulated by TGF-b and recepto...

2011-01-01

44

Nanocrystal Bioassembly: Asymmetry, Proximity, and Enzymatic Manipulation

Mechanism of superoxide anion-radical reactions with some biologically important compounds in aqueous solutions

Research at the interface between biomolecules and inorganic nanocrystals has resulted in a great number of new discoveries. In part this arises from the synergistic duality of the system: biomolecules may act as self-assembly agents for organizing inorganic nanocrystals into functional materials; alternatively, nanocrystals may act as microscopic or spectroscopic labels for elucidating the behavior of complex biomolecular systems. However, success in either of these functions relies heavily uponthe ability to control the conjugation and assembly processes.In the work presented here, we first design a branched DNA scaffold which allows hybridization of DNA-nanocrystal monoconjugates to form discrete assemblies. Importantly, the asymmetry of the branched scaffold allows the formation of asymmetric2assemblies of nanocrystals. In the context of a self-assembled device, this can be considered a step toward the ability to engineer functionally distinct inputs and ...

2008-05-01

45

Development of sup 203 Pb as a new label for monoclonal antibodies

Short note.

1989-08-21

46

Policy Tool Box.indd

Wastenet

Labeling of organic res- taurants, cantinas, etc.

47

Whey protein potentiates the intestinotrophic action of glucagon-like peptide-2 in parenterally fed rats

Brief item.

1989-01-01

48

Role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Bone Repair after Cyclic Fatigue Loading

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a nutrient-regulated intestinotrophic hormone derived from proglucagon in the distal intestine. Enteral nutrients (EN) potentiate the action of GLP-2 to reverse parenteral...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

49

No Effect of the Altered Peptide Ligand NBI-6024 on ?-Cell Residual Function and Insulin Needs in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes

BackgroundCalcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that is abundant in the sensory neurons which innervate bone. The effects of CGRP on isolated bone cells have been...Full Text Available

50

In vivo monitoring system for structure-function relationship analysis of the antibacterial peptide apidaecin.

OBJECTIVEThis randomized, four-arm, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2 trial was conducted to determine whether repeated subcutaneous injections of the altered peptide ligand,...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

51

Diverse Range of Small Peptides Associated With High-Density Lipoprotein

A unique antibacterial peptide derivative found in immune honeybee lymph, apidaecin 1b (AP1), was randomly mutagenized and characterized by a newly established system to analyze in vivo its structure-function...Full Text Available

1994-10-01

52

Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide is the most potent natriuretic peptide to cause relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) were examined as potential carriers of small peptides in plasma. HDL purified by density gradient centrifugation was delipidated and fractionated by size-exclusion...Full Text Available

2006-02-17

53

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) causes relaxation in the opossum lower esophageal sphincter. The effects of dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP) and other natriuretic peptides in the lower esophageal sphincter were not known. We measured the relaxation of transverse strips from the guinea pig lower esophageal sphincter caused by DNP, ANP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), and a natriuretic peptide receptor-C agonist des[Gln^1^8, Ser^1^9, Gly^2^0, Leu^2^1, Gly^2^2]ANP(4-23) amide (cANF(4-23)) in vitro. In resting strips of the guinea pig lower esophageal sphincter DNP and BNP caused marked relaxations. Furthermore, in both sarafotoxin S6c and carbachol-contracted lower esophageal sphincter strips, DNP caused marked and BNP caused moderate, concentration-de...

2011-01-01

54

Correlation between N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Doppler Echocardiographic Parameters of Left Ventricular Filling Pressure in Atrial Fibrillation

Computational promoter analysis of mouse, rat and human antimicrobial peptide-coding genes

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia with a population prevalence of about 1%. Natriuretic peptide level is elevated in patients with AF with...Full Text Available

2011-03-01

55

CART Peptides Regulate Psychostimulants and May be Endogenous Antidepressants

BackgroundMammalian antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are effectors of the innate immune response. A multitude of signals coming from pathways of mammalian pathogen/pattern recognition...Full Text Available

56

Biotin binders selected from a random peptide library expressed on phage.

CART peptides are endogenous neurotransmitters that are involved in a variety of physiologic functions. Injection of CART 55-102 into the nucleus accumbens produces no effect, but when co-administered...Full Text Available

2011-03-01

57

Association of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels With Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Congestive Heart Failure

Recombinant biotin-binding phages were affinity-selected from a random peptide library expressed on the surface of filamentous phage. Phage binding to biotinylated proteins was half-maximally inhibited...Full Text Available

1993-08-01

58

Antigenic analysis of the second extra-cellular loop of the human beta-adrenergic receptors.

Background: The causes of elevated B-Type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are multifactorial. Renal dysfunction has been shown to affect BNP levels in some studies and...Full Text Available

2010-03-01

59

Antagonist HIV-1 Gag Peptides Induce Structural Changes in HLA B8

Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits by immunization with free peptides corresponding to positions 197-222 of the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor (beta 1 peptide) and the corresponding sequence...Full Text Available

1989-10-01

60

A Systematic Assessment of MHC Class II Peptide Binding Predictions and Evaluation of a Consensus Approach

In the cellular immune response, recognition by CTL-TCRs of viral antigens presented as peptides by HLA class I molecules, triggers destruction of the virally infected cell (Townsend, A.R.M., J. Rothbard,...Full Text Available

1996-12-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

61

CERN earns "Nature & Economie" label for green land management

The identification of MHC class II restricted peptide epitopes is an important goal in immunological research. A number of computational tools have been developed for this purpose, but there is a lack...Full Text Available

2008-04-01

62

Remazol Black B removal from aqueous solutions and wastewater using weakly basic anion exchange resins

CERN earns "Nature & Economie" label for green land management

2009-01-01

63

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, the use of the weakly basic anion exchange resins of phenol-formaldehyde (Amberlyst A 23), polyacrylate (Amberlite IRA 67) and polystyrene (Lewatit MonoPlus MP 62) matrices for removal of the reactive dye Remazol Black B (RBB) from aqueous solution and wastewater were investigated. RBB sorption on the anion exchangers was a time dependent process. Color reduction percentiles of 75.2, 33.9 and 25.1% in wastewater treatment were found after 216 h of phase contact time with Lewatit MonoPlus MP 62, Amberlyst A 23 and Amberlite IRA 67, respectively. Inorganic salts and anionic surfactant action influenced RBB uptake by the anion exchangers. The amounts of dye retained by the anion exchangers increased with a rise in temperature. The maximum sorption capacities calculated from the...

2011-01-01

64

Anion capture with calcium, aluminium and iron containing layered double hydroxides

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The competitive adsorption of nitrate, chloride and carbonate in layered double hydroxides (LHD) with the general formula Formula Not Shown was investigated. Both normal ion exchange by exposure to a solution containing different anions, as well as addition of calcined material to solution thereby exploiting the memory effect of LDHs was studied. Changes in the interlayer anion changed the interlayer spacing of the LDH. The order of preference of intercalation was Formula Not Shown . When multiple anions were present in the exchange solution, LDHs with several distinct interlayer spacing were produced indicating that LDHs with different anions in the interlayer existed at the same time. However for extended exchange times (14days) where high concentrations of carbonate anion were present, ...

2011-01-01

65

The protein truncation caused by fusion of PEP-1 peptide and protective roles of transduced PEP-1-MsrA in skin cells

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

2011-04-01

66

Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) receptor targeted radiopharmaceuticals: A concise update

Designing Human m₁ Muscarinic Receptor-Targeted Hydrophobic Eigenmode Matched Peptides as Functional Modulators

The gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) receptor is becoming an increasingly attractive target for development of new radiolabeled peptides with diagnostic and therapeutic potential. The attractiveness of the GRP receptor as a target is based upon the functional expression of GRP receptors in several tumors of neuroendocrine origin including prostate, breast, and small cell lung cancer. This concise review outlines some of the efforts currently underway to develop new GRP receptor specific radiopharmaceuticals by employing a variety of radiometal chelation systems.

2003-11-01

67

Decay behaviors of H{sub 2}{sup -} anions in solid parahydrogen. Effect of nuclear spins on chemical reactions

A new proprietary de novo peptide design technique generated ten 15-residue peptides targeting and containing the leading nontransmembrane hydrophobic autocorrelation wavelengths, “modes”,...Full Text Available

2004-03-01

68

Stimulation of albumin endocytosis by cationized ferritin in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells.

Decay processes of H{sub 2}{sup -} anions in {gamma}-rays-irradiated solid parahydrogen were studied by using ESR spectrometer. The following interesting results were obtained. First, the initial amount of ortho-H{sub 2}{sup -} anions in the {gamma}-irradiated solid parahydrogen was three times as large as those of para-H{sub 2}{sup -} anions. Second, the amount of para-H{sub 2}{sup -} anions decreases faster than that of ortho-H{sub 2}{sup -} anions upon storage of the irradiated samples at 4.2 K. Third, the decay rate of H{sub 2}{sup -} anions is accelerated by the addition of D{sub 2} molecules. Forth, H{sub 2}{sup -} anions at 2.2 K decay faster than at 4.2 K. According to the parity conservation rule in a homonuclear diatomic molecule, the energy of ortho-H{sub 2}{sup -} anions at the ground state is lower than that ...

1996-11-01

69

Preparation and characterization of anion exchangers from petroleum asphaltites

Anionic microdomains within the aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) surface glycocalyx represent a potential barrier to the endocytosis of anionic plasma proteins. Cultured SMCs exposed briefly to cationized...Full Text Available

1985-12-01

70

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The chloromethylation reaction of an asphaltite and styrene graft copolymer followed by the amination of the chloromethylated products was optimized. New strongly basic anion exchangers with an exchange capacity of 2.5 mg-equiv/g and a mechanical strength of 93% were prepared.

2011-01-01

71

Anions Activate the Oxidation of Indoleacetic Acid by Peroxidases from Tomato and Other Sources

Anion-exchange extraction of cephapirin, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin from serum for liquid chromatography.

Anionic peroxidase from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit oxidized indoleacetic acid (IAA) slowly in the presence of Mn²⁺ and dichlorophenol in acetate buffers. The...Full Text Available

1990-06-01

72

Selegiline-functionalized, PEGylated poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles: Investigation of interaction with amyloid-b peptide and surface reorganization

An anion-exchange column technique for extraction of antibiotics from serum proteins has been developed for use in the assay of cephapirin, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin by high-pressure liquid chromatography....Full Text Available

1982-04-01

73

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which the research of new treatments is highly challenging. Since the fibrillogenesis of amyloid-b peptide 1-42 (Ab1-42) peptide is considered as a major cause of neuronal degeneration, specific interest has been focused on aromatic molecules for targeting this peptide. In this paper, the synthesis of selegiline-functionalized and fluorescent poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (NPs) and their evaluation for the targeting of the Ab1-42 peptide are reported. The synthetic strategy relied on the design of amphiphilic copolymers by tandem Knoevenagel-Michael addition of cyanoacetate derivatives, followed by their self-assembly in aqueous solutions to give the corresponding NPs. Different cyanoacetates were used: (i) hexadecyl cy...

2011-01-01

74

High sensitivity and specificity of the C6-peptide ELISA on cerebrospinal fluid in Lyme neuroborreliosis patients

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is a serious but treatable disease. The diagnosis of LNB poses a challenge to clinicians, and improved tests are needed. The C6-peptide ELISA is frequently used on serum but not on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Data on the sensitivity of the C6-peptide ELISA in CSF in patients suffering from LNB have been conflicting. Serum-CSF pairs from 59 LNB patients, 36 Lyme non-neuroborreliosis cases, 69 infectious meningitis/encephalitis controls and 74 neurological controls were tested in a C6-peptide ELISA. With the optimal cut-off of 1.1, the sensitivity of the C6-peptide ELISA for LNB patients in CSF was 95%, and the specificity was 83% in the Lyme non-neuroborreliosis patients, 96% in the infectious controls, and 97% in the neurological controls. These results ...

2011-01-01

75

Cholera toxin can catalyze ADP-ribosylation of cytoskeletal proteins

Curious Results with Palladium- and Platinum-Carrying Polymers in Mass Cytometry Bioassays and an Unexpected Application as a Dead Cell Stain.

Cholera toxin catalyzes transfer of radiolabel from ["3"2P]NAD"+ to several peptides in particulate preparations of human foreskin fibroblasts. Resolution of these peptides by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis allowed identification of two peptides of M/sub r/ = 42,000 and 52,000 as peptide subunits of a regulatory component of adenylate cyclase. The radiolabeling of another group of peptides (M/sub r/ = 50,000 to 65,000) suggested that cholera toxin could catalyze ADP-ribosylation of cytoskeletal proteins. This suggestion was confirmed by showing that incubation with cholera toxin and ["3"2P]NAD"+ caused radiolabeling of purified microtubule and intermediate filament proteins.

1981-01-01

76

Novel bifunctional natriuretic peptides as potential therapeutics.

We describe the synthesis of metal-chelating polymers (MCPs) with four different pendant polyaminocarboxylate ligands (EDTA, DTPA, TTHA, DOTA) and an orthogonal end-group, either a fluorescein molecule or a bismaleimide linker for antibody attachment. Polymer characterization by a combination of (1)H NMR, UV/vis absorption measurements, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that each chain of the fluorescein-terminated polymers contained one dye molecule. These polymer samples were loaded with three different types of lanthanide ions as well as palladium and platinum ions. The numbers of metal atoms per chain were determined by a combination of UV/vis and conventional ICP-MS measurements. The experiments with lanthanide ions demonstrated that a net anionic charge on the polymer is important for water solubility. These experiments also showed that at least one type of lanthanide ion (La(3+)) is capable of forming a bimetallic complex with pendant DTPA ...

2011-09-28

77

Phosphorus-containing catalyst and catalytic cracking process utilizing the same

Synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide (carperitide) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP; nesiritide) are used to treat congestive heart failure. However, despite beneficial cardiac unloading properties, reductions in renal perfusion pressures limit their clinical effectiveness. Recently, CD-NP, a chimeric peptide composed of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) fused to the C-terminal tail of Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP), was shown to be more glomerular filtration rate-enhancing than BNP in dogs. However, the molecular basis for the increased responsiveness was not determined. Here, we show that the DNP tail has a striking effect on CNP, converting it from a non-agonist to a partial agonist of natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-A while maintaining the ability to activate NPR-B. This effect is specific for human receptors because CD-NP was only a slightly ...

2008-10-21

78

Cysteine-containing peptides having antioxidant properties

A phosphorus-containing low alkali metal content zeolitic catalyst made from a clay starting material is provided. The catalyst is obtained by contacting a partially cation exchanged calcined zeolite-containing catalyst with an anion such as a dihydrogen phosphate anion or a dihydrogen phosphite anion and additionally with an ammonium salt other than a salt of an inorganic acid of phosphorus. A hydrocarbon catalytic cracking process utilizing the phosphorus-containing catalyst is also provided.

1985-03-12

79

Synthesis of iodine-125 labelled aryl and vinyl iodides

The term "homology" or "homologous" means an amino acid similarity measured by the program, BLAST (Altschul et al (1997), "Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs", Nucleic Acids Res. 25:33 89 3402), and expressed as --(% identity n/n). In measuring homology between a peptide and a protein of greater size, homology is measured only in the corresponding region; that is, the protein is regarded as only having the same general length as the peptide, allowing for gaps and insertions.

2007-05-15

80

PKH26 as a fluorescent label for live human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells

Iodine-125 labelled vinyl and aryl iodides are formed via the reaction of sodium iodide-125 with vinyl- and arylboronic acids. Good yields of isomerically pure products are obtained.

1982-06-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

81

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

To determine whether PKH26 labeling affects the morphologies, phenotypes, proliferation, and secretion abilities of human umbilical mesenchymal stromal cells (HUMSCs) were investigated. Isolated HUMSCs were labeled with PKH26, and cell morphology was observed under microscope. Cell cycle, apoptotic cell death, expression of PKH26, and the proliferation rate were evaluated. Additionally, fluorescence intensity of PKH26 labeling at different passage times was quantified. There were no detectable differences in cell morphology, cell growth, and proliferation rate after PKH26 labeling. In addition, fluorescence intensity of PKH26 labeling was gradually reduced with increase of the passage times. The PKH26 labeling disappeared after passage six times. In summary, PKH26 labeling is a safe and ef...

2011-01-01

82

The hepcidin-binding site on ferroportin is evolutionarily conserved

Targeting a Ruthenium Complex to the Nucleus with Short Peptides

SummaryMammalian iron homeostasis is regulated by the interaction of the liver-produced peptide hepcidin and its receptor, the iron transporter ferroportin. Hepcidin binds to...Full Text Available

2008-08-01

83

Regulation of Male Fertility by the Opioid System

In an effort to develop octahedral metal complexes as chemotherapeutic and diagnostic agents targeted to DNA, it is critical to optimize the properties of their cellular uptake. Appending d-octaarginine...Full Text Available

2010-05-15

84

Ovine reference materials and assays for prion genetic testing

Endogenous opioid peptides are substances involved in cell communication. They are present in various organs and tissues of the male and female reproductive tract, suggesting that they may regulate...Full Text Available

2011-07-01

85

Fiscal 1993 report on results of R and D on innovative technology for producing advanced biomaterial. Peptide applied carbon dioxide fixation/effective utilization technology (First volume); 1993 nendo senshin bio zairyo no sosei kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 1. Peptide oyo nisanka tanso koteika yuko riyo gijutsu

BackgroundGenetic predisposition to scrapie in sheep is associated with several variations in the peptide sequence of the prion protein gene (PRNP). DNA-based tests...Full Text Available

86

Hemoglobin radiolabeling: in vitro and in vivo comparison of iodine labeling with iodogen and a new method for technetium labeling

Technology is being developed for preparing functional materials by synthesizing new functional peptides in which non-natural amino acid needed for the functional manifestation is introduced, and by modifying the surface of a base plate such as silica glass by using such peptides. Activities were conducted in the three areas of (1) creation of functional molecules, (2) materialization technology, and (3) comprehensive investigation and research; the activities were carried out independently and parallelly in the first two areas. In (1), design technique for the structures and functions of peptides was developed, as were conformational control technique, synthesis of peptides having optical/electronic functions, peptide synthesis by an enzyme method, and R and D on introduction of non-natural amino acid into peptides; in (2), element technologies were developed ...

1994-03-01

87

A proton nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the anion Bohr effect of human normal adult hemoglobin

The present investigation compares the suitability of two radiolabeling techniques for hemoglobin. "1"2"5I labeling of hemoglobin with Iodogen as iodinating agent caused major changes in the chromatographic behaviour and an accelerated plasma clearance of the labeled hemoglobin in rats. A recently developed two-step procedure for "9"9"mTc labeling gave better results. The label had only minimal influence on the chromatographic behaviour of hemoglobin. In vivo, no free label occurred in the circulation and no transfer of the label to other plasma proteins took place. The plasma clearance of "9"9"mTc-labeled hemoglobin in rats was slowed. However, this could be explained entirely by diminishing glomerular filtration, probably by inhibition of the dissociation of the hemoglobin molecule into dimers. The plasma clearance of hemoglobin modified ...

88

Interaction of antimicrobial peptides with lipid membranes

High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to investigate the molecular mechanism of the Bohr effect of human normal adult hemoglobin in the presence of two allosteric effectors, i.e., chloride and inorganic phosphate ions. The individual hydrogen ion equilibria of 22-26 histidyl residues of hemoglobin have been measured in anion-free 0.1 M HEPES buffer and in the presence of 0.18 M chloride or 0.1 M inorganic phosphate ions in both deoxy and carbonmonoxy forms. The results indicate that the #beta#2-histidyl residues are strong binding sites for chloride and inorganic phosphate ions in hemoglobin. The affinity of the #beta#2-histidyl residues for these anions is larger in the deoxy than in the carbonmonoxy form. Nevertheless, the contribution of these histidyl residues to the anion Bohr effect is small due to their low pK value in deoxyhemoglobin in anion-free solvents. ...

89

Effect of D-amino acids at Asp"2"3 and Ser"2"6 residues on the conformational preference of A#beta#_2_0_-_2_9 peptides

This study aims to investigate the difference in the interaction of antimicrobial peptides with two classes of zwitterionic peptides, phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylcholines (PC). Further experiments were performed on model membranes prepared from specific bacterial lipids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from Salmonella minnesota. The structure of the lipid-peptide aqueous dispersions was studied by small-and wide-angle X-ray diffraction during heating and cooling from 5 to 85 C. The lipids and peptides were mixed at lipid-to-peptide ratios 10-10000 (POPE and POPC) or 2-50 (LPS). All experiments were performed at synchrotron soft condensed matter beamline A2 in Hasylab at Desy in Hamburg, Germany. The phases were identified and the lattice parameters were calculated. Alamethicin and melittin interact in similar ways with the lipids. Pure POPC forms only lamellar ...

90

Separation of platinum group metal ions by Donnan dialysis

The effects of D-amino acids at Asp"2"3 and Ser"2"6 residues on the conformational preference of #beta#-amyloid (A#beta#) peptide fragment (A#beta#_2_0_-_2_9) have been studied using different spectroscopic techniques, namely vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), vibrational absorption, and electronic circular dichroism. To study the structure of the A#beta#_2_0_-_2_9, [D-Asp"2"3]A#beta#_2_0_-_2_9, and [D-Ser"2"6]A#beta#_2_0_-_2_9 peptides under different conditions, the spectra were measured in 10 mM acetate buffer (pH 3) and in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). The spectroscopic results indicated that at pH 3, A#beta#_2_0_-_2_9 peptide takes random coil with #beta#-turn structure, while [D-Ser"2"6]A#beta#_2_0_-_2_9 peptide adopts significant amount of polyproline II (PPII) type structure along with #beta#-turn contribution and D-Asp-substituted peptide ([D-Asp"2"3]A#beta#_2_0_-_2_9) ...

2005-09-30

91

The study of possibilities of selective recovery of palladium(II) from chloride and chloride-nitrate solutions by weakly basic anion exchangers

Separations of metal ions on the basis of Donnan dialysis across anion-exchange membranes should be possible if the receiver electrolyte composition favors the formation of selected anionic complexes of the sample metal ions. Moreover, such a separation has the possibility of being better suited from some applications than batch or column experiments with anion-exchange resins. The above hypothesis are tested on the platinum-group metal ions, Pt(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Ir(III), and Ir(IV). 13 references, 4 tables.

1985-10-01

92

Morphology, structure, and conductivity of polypyrrole prepared in the presence of mixed surfactants in aqueous solutions

... um. Water retention capacity is in the range from 40 to 46 %. Dowex

2009-06-14

93

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Polypyrrole (PPy) was prepared from different mixed-surfactant solutions with ammonium persulfate as an oxidant. Three types of combinations were selected, including cationic/anionic, cationic/nonionic, and anionic/nonionic mixed-surfactant solutions. The surfactants used in the experiments included cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cationic surfactant), sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic surfactant), sodium dodecyl sulfonic acid salt (anionic surfactant), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (nonionic surfactant), and poly(ethylene glycol) (nonionic surfactant). The morphology, structure, and conductivity of the resulting PPy were investigated in detail with scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and the typical four-probe method, respectively. The results showed that the interac...

2007-01-01

94

Electron stimulated desorption of anions from adsorbed and condensed CFCl_3 and CF_2Cl_2

Determination of low-molecular-weight organic acids and inorganic anions by gradient elution chromatography

Electron simulated desorption of anions from CFCl_3 and CF_2Cl_2 condensed on an Au substrate is studied in the energy range 0-15 eV. The negative fragments are recorded mass spectro metrically as the function of the incident electron energy. Below 10 eV we observe anion desorption via pronounced resonance profiles which are characteristic for dissociative electron attachment (DA) while the continuous rise of the signal at higher energies accounts for dipolar dissociation (DD) and processes involving secondary electrons from the metallic substrate. For both compounds F"- and Cl"- are the only fragment anions we could observe. (author).

1994-03-20

95

Adsorption of Db and its homologues Nb and Ta, and the pseudo-homologue Pa on anion-exchange resin in HF solution

Conditions of the separation and detection of organic and inorganic anions by gradient ion chromatography and suppressed conductivity detection were studied, and the procedure of gradient elution was optimized. A detection limit of 1 x 10{sup -3} {mu}g x L{sup -1} was obtained using the pre-concentrated column and most relative standard deviations obtained in the determination of seven organic and inorganic anions were below 5%. This method was proved to be simple, rapid and accurate for the separation and determination of low-molecular-weight organic acids and inorganic anions and could be applied in the analysis of the samples from water and steam systems of thermal power plants with satisfactory results. (orig.)

2007-03-15

96

Adsorption of Db and its homologues Nb and Ta, and the pseudo-homologue Pa on anion-exchange resin in HF solution

Anion-exchange chromatography of element 105, dubnium (Db), produced in the {sup 248}Cm({sup 19}F, 5n){sup 262}Db reaction is investigated together with the homologues Nb and Ta, and the pseudo-homologue Pa in 13.9 M hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution. The distribution coefficient (K{sub d}) of Db on an anion-exchange resin is successfully determined by running cycles of 1702 chromatographic column separations. The result clearly indicates that the adsorption of Db on the resin is significantly different from that of the homologues and that the adsorption of anionic fluoro complexes of these elements decreases in the sequence of Ta{approx}Nb>Db{>=}Pa. (orig.)

2009-07-01

97

Studies of inactivation, retardation and accumulation of viruses in porous media by a combination of dye labeled and native bacteriophage probes

Anion-exchange chromatography of element 105, dubnium (Db), produced in the "2"4"8Cm("1"9F, 5n)"2"6"2Db reaction is investigated together with the homologues Nb and Ta, and the pseudo-homologue Pa in 13.9 M hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution. The distribution coefficient (K_d) of Db on an anion-exchange resin is successfully determined by running cycles of 1702 chromatographic column separations. The result clearly indicates that the adsorption of Db on the resin is significantly different from that of the homologues and that the adsorption of anionic fluoro complexes of these elements decreases in the sequence of Ta#approx#Nb>Db#>=#Pa. (orig.)

98

Lead-203 for skeletal imaging

Not Available

2011-06-01

99

Java Image I/O for VICAR, PDS, and ISIS

... biological variability body distribution kidneys labelled compounds lead 203

100

Physiological effects of manipulating the level of insulin-degrading enzyme in insulin-producing cells of Drosophila

This library, written in Java, supports input and output of images and metadata (labels) in the

2011-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

101

Intracellular activity of the peptide antibiotic NZ2114: studies with Staphylococcus aureus and human THP-1 monocytes, and comparison with daptomycin and vancomycin

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) degrades insulin and other peptides, including the Aβ peptide of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the mechanism by which IDE acts on its substrates...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

102

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Staphylococcus aureus survives inside eukaryotic cells. Our objective was to assess the activity of NZ2114, a novel peptidic antibiotic, against intracellular S. aureus in comparison with established antistaphylococcal agents acting on the bacterial envelope with a distinct mechanism.

2010-01-01

103

Androgen Regulates the Sexually Dimorphic Gastrin-Releasing Peptide System in the Lumbar Spinal Cord that Mediates Male Sexual Function

Uniform and Residue-specific {sup 15}N-labeling of Proteins on a Highly Deuterated Background

A collection of neurons in the upper lumbar spinal cord of male rats projects to the lower lumbar spinal cord, releasing gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) onto somatic and autonomic centers known to regulate...Full Text Available

2009-08-01

104

Detection of glycoproteins in the Acanthamoeba plasma membrane

A general method for stable-isotope labeling of large proteins is introduced and applied for studies of the E. coli GroE chaperone proteins by solution NMR. In addition to enabling the residue-specific {sup 15}N-labeling of proteins on a highly deuterated background, it is also an efficient approach for uniform labeling. The method meets the requirements of high-level deuteration, minimal cross-labeling and high protein yield, which are crucial for NMR studies of structures with sizes above 150 kDa. The results obtained with the new protocol are compared to other strategies for protein labeling, and evaluated with regard to the influence of external factors on the resulting isotope labeling patterns. Applications with the GroE system show that these strategies are efficient tools for studies of structure, dynamics and intermolecular interactions in large ...

2004-07-15

105

Pharmacodynamics of a novel designer natriuretic peptide, CD-NP, in a first-in-human clinical trial in healthy subjects.

In the present study the authors have shown that glycoproteins are present in the plasma membrane of Acanthamoeba castellanii by utilizing different radioactive labeling techniques. Plasma membrane proteins in the amoeba were iodinated by "1"2"5I-lactoperoxidase labeling and the solubilized radiolabeled glycoproteins were separated by lectin-Sepharose affinity chromatography followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The periodate/NaB"3H_4 and galactose oxidase/NaB"3H_4 labeling techniques were used for labeling of surface carbohydrates in the amoeba. Several surface-labeled glycoproteins were observed in addition to a diffusely labeled region with M_r of 55,000-75,000 seen on electrophoresis, which could represent glycolipids. The presence of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane of Acanthamoeba castellanii was confirmed by metabolic ...

106

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Properties of Anions of Bivalent Transition Metal [Co(II) and Ni(II)] Complexes With Acylhydrazine Derived ONO Donor Schiff Bases

CD-NP is a novel chimeric natriuretic peptide (NP) consisting of the 22-amino-acid (AA) human C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a venodilating peptide with limited renal actions and minimal effects on blood pressure, and the 15-AA C-terminus of Dendroaspis NP (DNP). The rationale for the design of CD-NP was to enhance the renal actions of CNP, the ligand for natriuretic peptide receptor-B, but without inducing excessive hypotension. Here we report the first-in-human studies for CD-NP, which represent the first successful clinical testing of a chimeric NP demonstrating in normal human volunteers that CD-NP possesses cyclic guanosine monophosphate-activating, natriuretic, and aldosterone-suppressing properties without inducing excessive hypotension, laying the foundation for additional studies on this first-in-class new cardiovascular therapeutic in human heart failure, which are now underway worldwide. ...

2009-04-24

107

Phosphorus-containing catalyst and catalytic cracking process utilizing the same

Some acylhydrazine derived ONO donor Schiff bases and their Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes have been prepared having the same metal ion (cation) but different anions. These synthesized metal(II)...Full Text Available

2000-01-01

108

Optical properties and infrared-stimulated luminescence from oxygen vacancies in CaO crystals containing hydrogen

A phosphorus-containing low alkali metal content zeolitic catalyst made from a clay starting material is provided. The catalyst is obtained by contacting a partially cation exchanged calcined zeolite-containing catalyst with a dihydrogen phosphate anion or a dihydrogen phosphite anion. A hydrocarbon catalytic cracking process utilizing the phosphorus-containing catalyst is also provided.

1985-02-12

109

Optical absorption measurements show that substitutional H"- ions, that is, protons with two electrons on anion sites, are thermally more stable than anion vacancies when thermochemically reduced CaO crystals are annealed in a reducing atmosphere. The H"- ions are identified by the infrared vibrational modes observed at 880 and 911 cm"-"1.

1985-03-01

110

Metal nanoparticle inks

Anodic behavior of titanium in sodium iodide solutions. Anionic anodic activation

Stabilized silver particles comprise particles comprising silver, a short-chain capping agent adsorbed on the particles, and a long-chain capping agent adsorbed on the particles. The short-chain capping agent is a first anionic polyelectrolyte having a molecular weight (Mw) of at most 10,000, and the long-chain capping agent is a second anionic polyelectrolyte having a molecular weight (Mw) of at least 25,000. The stabilized silver particles have a solid loading of metallic silver of at least 50 wt %.

2011-04-12

111

Treatment of radioactive liquid waste by reverse osmosis; Influence of co-existing ions on the change of decontamination factor

Results are reported which were obtained when investigating the anodic behavior of titanium in sodium iodide solutions. It was concluded that in order to explain the special features in the anodic behavior and anionic anodic activity of titanium one must take into account, both a redistribution of the potential drop between the oxide and the Helmholtz layer and a potential-dependent variation of the catalytic and adsorption properties of the oxidized titanium anode.

1987-02-01

112

Treatment of radioactive liquid waste by reverse osmosis

The report addresses the application of reverse osmosis to the treatment of radioactive liquid waste, focusing on the effects of non-radioactive cations and anions, existing in radioactive waste, on the removal of radioactive nuclides. The bivalent cations are generally about ten times as high in decontamination factor as monovalent ones. In the case of anions, the factor of SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} is about ten times that of Cl{sup -} while that of NO{sub 3}{sup -} is somewhat smaller than that of Cl{sup -}. During permeation through membrane, anions tend to accompany cations, and the decontamination factor of accompanying ions is found to increase with that of the paring ions. These results indicate that if one can select components that will remain in the liquid waste, one should consider their effects on the efficiency of its treatment. Furthermore, the interaction between two anions or between two cations ...

1991-01-01

113

Characteristics of ionic liquid-based electrolytes for chip type aluminum electrolytic capacitors

The report addresses the application of reverse osmosis to the treatment of radioactive liquid waste, focusing on the effects of non-radioactive cations and anions, existing in radioactive waste, on the removal of radioactive nuclides. The bivalent cations are generally about ten times as high in decontamination factor as monovalent ones. In the case of anions, the factor of SO_4"2"- is about ten times that of Cl"- while that of NO_3"- is somewhat smaller than that of Cl"-. During permeation through membrane, anions tend to accompany cations, and the decontamination factor of accompanying ions is found to increase with that of the paring ions. These results indicate that if one can select components that will remain in the liquid waste, one should consider their effects on the efficiency of its treatment. Furthermore, the interaction between two anions or between two cations can be approximated by a ...

114

Manufacture of IRDye800CW-coupled Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their applications in cell labeling and in vivo imaging

Since ionic liquids (ILs) possess several attractive properties, including chemical and thermal stability, nonflammability, high ionic conductivity, and negligible vapor pressure, a new electrolyte system based on ILs has been proposed for chip type aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Four ILs based on imidazolium/pyrrolidinium cations and maleate/phthalate anions have been synthesized and their thermal stabilities have been examined. The 25wt.% solutions of the four ILs in gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) solvent were prepared as electrolytes of chip type aluminum electrolytic capacitors. The conductivity, sparking voltage and thermal stability of these electrolytes have been systematically investigated. The results revealed that the four IL-based electrolytes exhibited high conductivity. Furthermore, the conductivity of maleate anion-based electrolytes is higher than that of phthalate anion-based electrolytes, whereas the ...

2006-06-19

115

Presentation of Type B Peptide-MHC Complexes from Hen Egg White Lysozyme by TLR Ligands and Type I IFNs Independent of H2-DM Regulation.

BackgroundIn recent years, near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF)-labeled iron nanoparticles have been synthesized and applied in a number of applications, including the labeling of human cells for monitoring the engraftment process, imaging tumors, sensoring the in vivo molecular environment surrounding nanoparticles and tracing their in vivo biodistribution. These studies demonstrate that NIRF-labeled iron nanoparticles provide an efficient probe for cell labeling. Furthermore, the in vivo imaging studies show excellent performance of the NIR fluorophores. However, there is a limited selection of NIRF-labeled iron nanoparticles with an optimal wavelength for imaging around 800 nm, where tissue autofluorescence is minimal. Therefore, it is necessary to develop additional alternative NIRF-labeled iron nanoparticles for application in this area.ResultsThis study ...

2010-10-29

116

NMR of a synthetic peptide spanning the triphosphate binding site of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in actin

In APCs, presentation by MHC II molecules of the chemically dominant peptide from the protein hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) generates different conformational isomers of the peptide-MHC II complexes (pMHC). Type B pMHCs are formed in early endosomes from exogenous peptides in the absence of H2-DM, whereas in contrast, type A pMHC complexes are formed from HEL protein in late vesicles after editing by H2-DM. Thus, H2-DM edits off the more unstable pMHC complexes, which are not presented from HEL. In this study, we show that type B pMHC complexes were presented from HEL protein only after stimulation of dendritic cells (DC) with TLR ligands or type I IFN. Type I IFN contributed to most TLR ligand-induced type B pMHC generation, as presentation decreased in DC lacking the receptor for type I IFNs (IFNAR1(-/-)). In contrast, presentation of type A pMHC from HEL and from peptide was minimally affected by TLR ...

2011-07-25

117

Effects of opioid peptides on thermoregulation

The amino acid residues 114-118 in actin were found to be implicated strongly in the binding of nucleotide, and as would be expected for such an important binding site, they are located in a completely conserved region of the actin sequence. A 19-residue peptide with the actin sequence 106-124 was synthesized in order to span the putative triphosphate binding site. Proton NMR spectra of the actin peptide 114-118 in the presence and absence of ATP indicated that Arg-116 and Lys-118 are particularly involved in binding ATP. A strong binding of ATP to the peptide 106-124 also was measured. Tripolyphosphate bound to the peptide 106-124 somewhat more weakly than ATP. Binding involved residues 115-118 and 121-124, indicating the presence of a reverse turn between these segments. Proton resonances were assigned by using two-dimensional double quantum correlated spectroscopy, one-dimensional spin decoupling ...

1987-03-10

118

The immunological era in melanoma treatment: new challenges for heat shock protein-based vaccine in the advanced disease

In a given species, injected opioid peptides usually cause changes in temperature similar to those caused by nonpeptide opioids. The main effect in those species most studied, the cat, rat, and mouse, is an increase in the level about which body temperature is regulated; there is a coordinated change in the activity of thermoregulatory effectors such that hyperthermia is produced in both hot and cold environments. Larger doses may depress thermoregulation, thereby causing body temperature to decrease in the cold. Elicitation of different patterns of response over a range of environmental temperatures and studies with naloxone and naltrexone indicate that stimulation of a number of different receptors by both peptide and nonpeptide opioids can evoke thermoregulatory responses. ..beta..-Endorphin is readily antagonized by naloxone whereas methionine-enkephalin can act on naloxone-insensitive receptors. Moreover, synthetic ...

1981-11-01

119

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Introduction: Tumor-derived heat shock protein (HSP)-peptide complexes (HSPPCs) induced immunity against malignancies in preclinical trials, working across tumor types and bypassing the need to identify single immunogenic peptides. These results paved the way for the use of human gp96 obtained from autologous tumor samples as an anti-cancer vaccine. Areas covered: Autologous tumor-derived HSP gp96 peptide complex (HSPPC-96) vaccine is emerging as a tumor- and patient-specific cancer vaccine, with confirmed activity in several malignancies. It has been tested in Phase III clinical trials in advanced melanoma and kidney cancer with evidence for efficacy in patients with earlier stage disease. HSPPC-96-based vaccine demonstrated an excellent safety profile, thus emerging as a novel therapeuti...

2011-01-01

120

Isolation of antibodies specific to sickle hemoglobin by affinity chromatography using a synthetic peptide

Growth Inhibition and Induction of Stress Protein, GroEL, of Bacillus cereus Exposed to Antibacterial Peptide Isolated from Bacillus subtilis SC-8

Antibodies to hemoglobin have been studied with a radioimmunoassay which employs ["1"4C]carbamylated (= carbamoylated) hemoglobin S. An antiserum raised against hemoglobin S, which initially discriminated poorly between hemoglobins S and A, was fractionated by absorption to a column of Sepharose to which a synthetic peptide corresponding to the first 13 amino-acid residues of the #beta# chain of sickle hemoglobin had been covalently bound. A subpopulation of the antiserum was eluted from this column with 4 M guanidine . HCl. These antibodies showed binding to hemoglobin S but not to hemoglobin A and this interaction could be inhibited by the synthetic peptide. These antibodies, of demonstrated fine structural specificity, may be useful in the detection of sickle hemoglobin and in the study of its structure in solution.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

121

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial effect of BSAP-254 on Bacillus cereus with the induced stress proteins. The BSAP-254 is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from soybean-fermenting bacteria, Bacillus subtilis SC-8. It had a narrow spectrum of activity against B. cereus group. The growth inhibitory effect of BSAP-254 (50??g/mL) reduced the population of B. cereus from >108 to 104 colony-forming units per milliliter within 30?min. In B. cereus exposed to BSAP-254, 14 intracellular proteins were differentially expressed as determined by 2-DE coupled with MS. Of the differentially expressed proteins identified, the stress protein GroEL, which is heat shock protein, was induced in B. cereus exposed to antibacterial peptide.

2011-01-01

122

Chemical transformations of peptide containing fine particles: oxidative processing, accretion reactions and implications to the atmospheric fate of cell-derived materials in organic aerosol

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The atmospheric processing by ozone of peptide-containing mixed particles was investigated as proxies for biogenic and sea spray primary organic aerosol. Reactions were performed in a flow reactor and particle composition was monitored by photoelectron resonance capture ionization aerosol mass spectrometry. Mixed particles containing dipeptides in a saturated organic matrix of stearic and palmitic acids showed no reaction under ozonolysis at exposure levels of 2.5???10?4?atm s O3. However reactions of mixed particles of a dipeptide (Leu-Leu) in an unsaturated matrix (oleic acid) under the same conditions resulted in a rapid loss of the peptide ion signal, as well as the carrier matrix, and appearance of a number of ion signals corresponding to secondary products. High molecular weight imid...

2009-01-01

123

Biomagnetic separation of Salmonella Typhimurium with high affine and specific ligand peptides isolated by phage display technique

Investigating the applicability of anions as indicators for verification of consistency of declarations

Analyses of food-borne pathogens are of great importance in order to minimize the health risk for customers. Thus, very sensitive and rapid detection methods are required. Current conventional culture techniques are very time consuming. Modern immunoassays and biochemical analysis also require pre-enrichment steps resulting in a turnaround time of at least 24 h. Biomagnetic separation (BMS) is a promising more rapid method. In this study we describe the isolation of high affine and specific peptides from a phage-peptide library, which combined with BMS allows the detection of Salmonella spp. with a similar sensitivity as that of immunomagnetic separation using antibodies.

2007-04-15

124

Total Synthesis and Evaluation of C26-Hydroxyepothilone D Derivatives for Photoaffinity Labeling of ?-Tubulin

Full text: Nuclear material is subjected to chemical processing throughout the entire fuel cycle. Traces of the chemical reagents and solvents are left behind in the nuclear material. So far essentially metallic impurities or light elements have been investigated for their potential in providing clues on the type of process they originate from. In the present investigation, the applicability of anions for attributing nuclear material to a certain chemical process has been investigated. Anions (e.g. nitrate, sulphate, phosphate, chloride) originate from acids or salt solutions that are used for processing of solutions containing uranium or plutonium. The study presented in this paper focuses on yellow cake samples originating from different mines applying different chemical processes for leaching, dissolving and precipitating the uranium. Consequently, the anionic patterns should be different. The concentrations of different ...

2006-10-16

125

Solid-state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy of a ¹³C carbonyl-labeled polypeptide

Three photaffinity labeled derivatives of epothilone D were prepared by total synthesis, using efficient novel asymmetric synthesis methods for the preparation of two important synthetic building...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

126

Preparation of internally labelled rat pituitary somatotropin (growth hormone).

High resolution structural elucidation of macromolecular structure by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance requires the preparation of uniformly aligned samples that are isotopically labeled. In...Full Text Available

1992-06-01

127

Node-Context Network Clustering using PARAFAC Tensor Decomposition

Rat somatotropin (growth hormone) was labelled biosynthetically by incubating anterior pituitary lobes with radioactive amino acids for 24 h in a simple buffered salts medium containing glucose. The...Full Text Available

1978-03-01

128

Low-Dose, Off-Label Drotrecogin Alfa (Xigris) In Severe Sepsis

We describe a clustering method for labeled link network (semantic graph) that can be used to group important nodes (highly connected nodes) with their relevant link's labels by using PARAFAC tensor decomposition. In this kind of network, the adjacency matrix can not be used to fully describe all information about the network structure. We have to expand the matrix into 3-way adjacency tensor, so that not only the information about to which nodes a node connects to but by which link's labels is also included. And by applying PARAFAC decomposition on this tensor, we get two lists, nodes and link's labels with scores attached to each node and labels, for each decomposition group. So clustering process to get the important nodes along with their relevant labels can be done simply by sorting the lists in decreasing order. To test the method, we construct ...

2010-01-01

129

ESR studies of spin-labeled membranes aligned by isopotential spin-dry ultracentrifugation: lipid-protein interactions.

Objective:In this article, we describe a successful low-dose, off-label usage of drotrecogin alfa (Xigris), given at 18 mcg/kg per hour, in a patient with severe sepsis who had an...Full Text Available

2008-08-01

130

Consumer purchasing patterns in response to calorie labeling legislation in New York City

Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies have been performed on spin-labeled model membranes aligned using the isopotential spin-dry ultracentrifugation (ISDU) method of Clark and Rothschild. This method...Full Text Available

1994-12-01

131

A post-labeling method for multiplexed and multicolored genotyping analysis of SSR, indel and SNP markers in single tube with bar-coded split tag (BStag)

BackgroundObesity is a major public health threat and policies aimed at curbing this epidemic are emerging. National calorie labeling legislation is forthcoming and requires rigorous...Full Text Available

132

Variable domain I of nematode CLEs directs post-translational targeting of CLE peptides to the extracellular space

BackgroundGenotyping analysis using capillary DNA sequencing with fluorescently labeled primer pairs obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used, but is expensive....Full Text Available

133

Unconventional Secretion of AcbA in Dictyostelium discoideum through a Vesicular Intermediate?

Effector proteins expressed in the esophageal gland cells of cyst nematodes are delivered into plant cells through a hollow, protrusible stylet. Although evidence indicates that effector proteins function...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

134

Treatment with LL-37 Peptide Enhances Antitumor Effects Induced by CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Against Ovarian Cancer

The acyl coenzyme A (CoA) binding protein AcbA is secreted unconventionally and processed into spore differentiation factor 2 (SDF-2), a peptide that coordinates sporulation in Dictyostelium...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

135

The reactivity of thiol groups and the subunit structure of aldolase

AbstractThere is an urgent need for innovative therapies against ovarian cancer, one of the leading causes of death from gynecological cancers in the United States. Immunotherapy employing...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

136

The opiorphin gene (ProL1) and its homologues function in erectile physiology

1. Seven unique carboxymethylcysteine-containing peptides have been isolated from tryptic digests of rabbit muscle aldolase carboxymethylated with iodo[2-¹⁴C]acetic acid in 8m-urea....Full Text Available

1970-04-01

137

Tertiary structure prediction of C-peptide of ribonuclease A by multicanonical algorithm

OBJECTIVETo determine if ProL1, a member of the opiorphin family of genes, can modulate erectile physiology, as it encodes a peptide which acts as...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

138

Targeted nanoparticles that deliver a sustained, specific release of paclitaxel to irradiated tumors

We have performed multicanonical Monte Carlo simulations of C-peptide of ribonuclease A. It is known by CD and NMR experiments that this peptide has high alpha-helix content in aqueous solution and that the side-chain charges of residues Glu-2$^-$ and His-12$^+$ play an important role in the stability of the alpha-helix. In order to confirm these experimental implications, we have used two analogues of the peptide with charged and neutral side chains of Glu-2 and His-12. Two dielectric functions, distance-dependent and constant, are considered to study the effects of solvent contributions. All the simulations were started from random initial conformations. Various thermodynamic quantities such as average helicity as a function of residue number and average distance between two side chains as a function of temperature are calculated. The results are found to be in accord with the implications of CD and NMR experiments. The ...

1998-01-01

139

Tarantula Huwentoxin-IV Inhibits Neuronal Sodium Channels by Binding to Receptor Site 4 and Trapping the Domain II Voltage Sensor in the Closed Configuration*S?

To capitalize on the response of tumor cells to ionizing radiation, we developed a controlled-release nanoparticle drug delivery system using a targeting peptide that recognizes a radiation-induced...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

140

Structural studies of peptides from HPVs (Human Papiloma Viruses) 9, 16 and 30 with LxCxE anchoring in the presence or absence of pRB (RetinoBlastoma protein)

Peptide toxins with high affinity, divergent pharmacological functions, and isoform-specific selectivity are powerful tools for investigating the structure-function relationships of voltage-gated...Full Text Available

2008-10-03

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

141

Straightforward and de Novo Peptide Sequencing by MALDI-MS/MS Using a Lys-N Metalloendopeptidase*S?

... AUREMN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil) [vp.] APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES cpb

2004-07-27

142

Short Stat5-Interacting Peptide Derived from Phospholipase C-?3 Inhibits Hematopoietic Cell Proliferation and Myeloid Differentiation

In this work, we explore the potential of the metalloendopeptidase Lys-N for MALDI-MS/MS proteomics applications. Initially we digested a HEK293 cellular lysate with Lys-N and, for comparison, in parallel...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

143

Reduction of IgG in nonhuman primates by a peptide antagonist of the neonatal Fc receptor FcRn

Constitutive activation of the transcription factor Stat5 in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells leads to various hematopoietic malignancies including myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Our recent study...Full Text Available

144

Purification of functional baculovirus particles from silkworm larval hemolymph and their use as nanoparticles for the detection of human prorenin receptor (PRR) binding

The neonatal Fc receptor FcRn provides IgG molecules with their characteristically long half-lives in vivo by protecting them from intracellular catabolism and then returning them to...Full Text Available

2008-02-19

145

Prolonged signaling at the parathyroid hormone receptor by peptide ligands targeted to a specific receptor conformation

BackgroundBaculovirus, which has a width of 40 nm and a length of 250-300 nm, can display functional peptides, receptors and antigens on its surface by their fusion with a baculovirus...Full Text Available

146

Peptides of human bronchial mucus glycoproteins. Size determination by electron microscopy and by biosynthetic experiments.

The parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) is a class B G protein-coupled receptor that plays critical roles in bone and mineral ion metabolism. Ligand binding to the PTHR involves interactions to both...Full Text Available

2008-10-28

147

Peptide Nanoparticles as Novel Immunogens: Design and Analysis of a Prototypic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Vaccine

Secreted human bronchial mucins, directly collected from macroscopically healthy bronchial mucosa, were prepared in the presence of six proteinase inhibitors, and analysed by electron microscopy. These...Full Text Available

1987-11-15

148

Modulation of the human hair follicle pigmentary unit by corticotropin-releasing hormone and urocortin peptides

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus that cost nearly 800 lives. While there have been no recent outbreaks of the disease, the threat...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

149

Mapping neuropeptide expression by mass spectrometry in single dissected identified neurons from the dorsal ganglion of the nematode Ascaris suum

Human skin is a local source of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and expresses CRH and CRH receptors (CRH-R) at mRNA and protein levels. Epidermal melanocytes respond to CRH by induction...Full Text Available

2006-05-01

150

Intracellular delivery of an antisense?oligonucleotide via endocytosis of a G protein-coupled receptor

We have developed a method for dissecting single neurons from the nematode Ascaris suum, in order to determine their peptide content by mass spectrometry (MS). In this paper,...Full Text Available

2010-07-21

151

Insulin and Glucagon Regulate Pancreatic ?-Cell Proliferation

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, has been utilized for receptor-mediated targeting of imaging and therapeutic agents; here we extend...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

152

Fragment condensation of peptides on teflon with radiationally grafted polystyrene

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, in the setting of hyperglucagonemia. Glucagon is a 29 amino acid peptide hormone, which is secreted from...Full Text Available

153

Fragment condensation of peptides on teflon with radiationally grafted polystyrene

In the synthesis of the peptidyl-polymer corresponding to the sequence (57-100) of the ..beta.. chain of human hemoglobin on Teflon with radiationally grafted polystyrene a comparative study was made of different methods of fragment condensation. It was shown that the most effective methods are azide condensation and condensation with the use of complex F.

1986-12-10

154

Fermentation of peptides and amino acids by a monensin-sensitive ruminal Peptostreptococcus.

In the synthesis of the peptidyl-polymer corresponding to the sequence (57-100) of the #beta# chain of human hemoglobin on Teflon with radiationally grafted polystyrene a comparative study was made of different methods of fragment condensation. It was shown that the most effective methods are azide condensation and condensation with the use of complex F.

155

Antibodies to synthetic peptides from the tubulin regulatory domain interact with tubulin and microtubules.

A monensin-sensitive ruminal peptostreptococcus was able to grow rapidly (growth rate of 0.5/h) on an enzymatic hydrolysate of casein, but less than 23% of the amino acid nitrogen was ever utilized....Full Text Available

1988-11-01

156

Adrenaline modulates the global transcriptional profile of Salmonella revealing a role in the antimicrobial peptide and oxidative stress resistance responses

The carboxyl-terminal region of tubulin alpha and beta subunits plays a major role in regulating its assembly into microtubules and constitutes an essential domain for the selective interaction of microtubule-associated...Full Text Available

1988-09-01

157

A genomic and proteomic investigation of the impact of preimplantation factor on human decidual cells

BackgroundThe successful interaction of bacterial pathogens with host tissues requires the sensing of specific chemical and physical cues. The human gut contains a huge number of...Full Text Available

158

A functional peptide encoded in the Escherichia coli 23S rRNA.

OBJECTIVEPreimplantation factor (PIF) is a novel, 15 amino acid peptide, secreted by viable embryos. This study aims to elucidate PIF’s effects in human endometrial...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

159

A Turquoise Mutant Genetically Separates Expression of Genes Encoding Phycoerythrin and Its Associated Linker Peptides

A pentapeptide open reading frame equipped with a canonical ribosome-binding site is present in the Escherichia coli 23S rRNA. Overexpression of 23S rRNA fragments containing the mini-gene renders cells...Full Text Available

1996-05-28

160

A Humanin Derivative Reduces Amyloid Beta Accumulation and Ameliorates Memory Deficit in Triple Transgenic Mice

During complementary chromatic adaptation (CCA), cyanobacterial light harvesting structures called phycobilisomes are restructured in response to ambient light quality shifts. Transcription of genes...Full Text Available

2002-02-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

161

The use of Radioactive labeling in hemoglobin identification

Humanin (HN), a 24-residue peptide, was identified as a novel neuroprotective factor and shows anti-cell death activity against a wide spectrum of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cytotoxicities, including...Full Text Available

162

Soar: An Architecture for General Intelligence

The basic approach to radioactive labeling techniques in hemoglobin identification consists of mixing 14C labeled normal carrier globin with 3H labeled unknown globin and carrying out the subsequent separations and purifications looking at the distribution of 3H and 14C radioactivity. This technique was devised to ascertain the amino acid substitution in Hb Indianapolis and was instrumental in solving the structure of Hb Vicksburg. It was also useful in determining the purity of gamma-chains from cultures of human and baboon erythroid progenitors. Another use of this technique would be in identifying aberrant peaks of radioactivity in chain separation chromatograms, such as ''pre-peaks''.

163

Preparation of monoclonal antibodies labelled by astatine

... Blocks world, eight puzzle, eight queens, labeling line drawings (constraint satisfaction), magic squares, missionaries and cannibals, monkey and ...

1987-09-29

164

Photolabelling reveals differences between cholera toxin and ricin toxin insertion mechanisms

Astatine conversed into cationic form is shown to form stable complex with diethylenetriaminpentacetic acid. Due to this complex astatine joins RN_2 type monoclonal antibodies. More favorable conditions to prepare astatine labelled antibodies are found. Chromatographical analysis and electromigration experiments have shown that astatine is strongly retained in in-vitro biomolecule. Astatine did not escape from the labelled antibodies even in case of urea effect on them. Immune activity of astatine labelled antibodies remained similar in 20 h. 28 refs., 4 figs.

165

Effects of chelate rigidity and density on the in vivo performance of [sup 203]Pb and [sup 88]Y labeled monoclonal antibodies

... carbon 14 cholera gels labelling membranes molecules proteins receptors

1982-07-28

166

A one-pot radiosynthesis of ["1"2"5I]iodoazido photoaffinity labels

Short communication.

1993-01-01

167

A one-pot radiosynthesis of ( sup 125 I)iodoazido photoaffinity labels

A useful method for preparing radioiodinated photoaffinity labels from alkyl anilines which offer significant advantages over present methods is described. The one-pot synthesis gives good radiochemical yields (40-64%) of pure, high specific activity (350-1500 mCi/#mu#mol) "1"2"4I labelled iodaryl azides while minimising manipulation of radioactive materials. Purification of the ["1"2"5I]iodoazido photoaffinity labels is achieved by high performance liquid chromatography. (author).

168

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Properties of Anions of Bivalent Transition Metal [Co(II) and Ni(II)] Complexes With Acylhydrazine Derived ONO Donor Schiff Bases.

A useful method for preparing radioiodinated photoaffinity labels from alkyl anilines which offer significant advantages over present methods is described. The one-pot synthesis gives good radiochemical yields (40-64%) of pure, high specific activity (350-1500 mCi/{mu}mol) {sup 124}I labelled iodaryl azides while minimising manipulation of radioactive materials. Purification of the ({sup 125}I)iodoazido photoaffinity labels is achieved by high performance liquid chromatography. (author).

1989-11-01

169

Intermediates of radiolytic transformations of 6-aminophenalenone in ethanol

Some acylhydrazine derived ONO donor Schiff bases and their Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes have been prepared having the same metal ion (cation) but different anions. These synthesized metal(II) complexes have been characterized on the basis of their elemental analyses, magnetic moment, molar conductance, and IR and electronic spectral data. All of the Schiff base ligands function as tridentates and the deprotonated enolic form is preferred for coordination. In order to evaluate the effect of anions on the bactericidal activity, these synthesized complexes, in comparison to the uncomplexed Schiff bases have been screened against bacterial species., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the results are reported. PMID:18475936

2000-01-01

170

Electrochromic effects of charge separation in bacterial photosynthesis: theoretical models

Pulsed radiolysis method is used to study transformations intermediates of 6-aminophenalenone in ethanol. In alkaline medium the main product is radical-anion of 6-aminophenalenone, which optical absorption spectrum contains two bands with maxima at 355 and 400 nm. The particle precursors are e_s, CH_3CHOH and CH_3CHO"- radicals. In neutral and acid medium radical-anions are protonated in reactions with alcohol and hydrogen ions. The resulting H-adduct of 6-aminophenalenone has optical absorption maxima at 350 and 390 nm. Availability of two maxima is related to two various product structures. Molar extinction coefficients of radical-anions and H-adducts of 6-aminophenalenone and rate constants of reactions with their participation are estimated.

1992-01-01

171

Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by using activated red mud

The primary charge separation in photosynthetic bacteria generates a dimeric bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) cation and a bacteriopheophytin (BPheo) anion which lie within close proximity of each other (approx. 10 A). The two radicals also lie within van der Waals contact on opposite sides of a lone BChl bridging molecule. Spectral changes in the red (Q/sub y/) band of the bridge BChls have been observed on picosecond time scales following excitation of the reaction center (RC) and have been variously attributed to the formation of a BChl anion, to a charge-transfer state, or to electrochromic effects. They present calculations here which suggest that electrochromic effects caused by the photogenerated cation and/or anion can rationalize the optical changes observed in the flash photolyses as well as in trapping experiments.

1987-07-22

172

[The metabolites of cyclic peptides from three endophytic mangrove fungi].

Adsorption by activated red mud (ARM) is investigated as a possible alternative to the conventional methods of Cr(VI) removal from aqueous synthetic solutions and industrial effluents. Adsorption characteristics suggest the heterogenous nature of the adsorbent surface sites with respect to the energy of adsorption. Various factors such as pH, contact time, Cr(VI) concentration, amount of adsorbent, and temperature are taken into account, and promising results are obtained. The applicability of the Langmuir as well as Freundlich adsorption isotherms for the present system is tested. The loading factor (i.e., milligrams Cr(VI) adsorbed per gram of ARM) increased with initial Cr(VI) concentration, whereas a negative trend was observed with increasing temperature. The influence of the addition of anions on the adsorption of Cr(VI) depends on the relative affinity of the anions for the surface and the relative concentrations of the ...

1999-09-01

173

Synthesis of /sup 14/C-labeled 10,11-epoxyfarnesyl diazoacetate, a potential photoaffinity labeling reagent for insect juvenile hormone binding proteins

Nine secondary metaboites of cyclic peptide were isolated from three mangrove endophytic fungi Paecilomyces sp. (treel-7), 4557,ZZF65. They were viscumamide(1),cyclo(Pro-Iso)(2),cyclo(Phe-Gly)(3),cyclo(Phe-Ana)(4),cyclo(Gly-Pro) (5),cyclo(Gly-Leu)(6), cyclo(Trp-Ana)(7),neoechinulin A(8),cyclo(Pro-Thr)(9). The compounds 1,7,8,9 were firstly isolated from marine fungus. PMID:18422185

2007-12-01

174

Mapping a nucleolar targeting sequence of an RNA binding nucleolar protein, Nop25

The synthesis of (/sup 14/C)-10,11-Epoxy-(2E,6E)-farnesyl diazoacetate in one vessel, starting from (/sup 14/C)-glyoxylic acid, is described. This compound is useful as a potential photoaffinity labeling agent for juvenile hormone binding sites.

1982-04-01

175

Designed hybrid TPR peptide targeting Hsp90 as a novel anticancer agent

Nop25 is a putative RNA binding nucleolar protein associated with rRNA transcription. The present study was undertaken to determine the mechanism of Nop25 localization in the nucleolus. Deletion experiments of Nop25 amino acid sequence showed Nop25 to contain a nuclear targeting sequence in the N-terminal and a nucleolar targeting sequence in the C-terminal. By expressing derivative peptides from the C-terminal as GFP-fusion proteins in the cells, a lysine and arginine residue-enriched peptide (KRKHPRRAQDSTKKPPSATRTSKTQRRRR) allowed a GFP-fusion protein to be transported and fully retained in the nucleolus. When the peptide was fused with cMyc epitope and expressed in the cells, a cMyc epitope was then detected in the nucleolus. Nop25 did not localize in the nucleolus by deletion of the peptide from Nop25. Furthermore, deletion of a subdomain (KRKHPRRAQ) in the peptide or amino acid ...

2006-06-10

176

complexes of uranyl with outer-sphere perhalate anions

BackgroundDespite an ever-improving understanding of the molecular biology of cancer, the treatment of most cancers has not changed dramatically in the past three decades and drugs that do not discriminate between tumor cells and normal tissues remain the mainstays of anticancer therapy. Since Hsp90 is typically involved in cell proliferation and survival, this is thought to play a key role in cancer, and Hsp90 has attracted considerable interest in recent years as a potential therapeutic target.MethodsWe focused on the interaction of Hsp90 with its cofactor protein p60/Hop, and engineered a cell-permeable peptidomimetic, termed "hybrid Antp-TPR peptide", modeled on the binding interface between the molecular chaperone Hsp90 and the TPR2A domain of Hop.ResultsIt was demonstrated that this designed hybrid Antp-TPR peptide inhibited the interaction of Hsp90 with the TPR2A domain, inducing cell death of breast, pancreatic, renal, lung, prostate, ...

2011-01-14

177

Toxic Effects of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate on Metabolic Activity, Growth Rate, and Microcolony Formation of Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira Strains

The IR spectra of complexes of uranyl perhalates with antipyrine (AP), hexamethylphosphorus triamide (HMPTA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and water with the composition (UO/sub 2/L/eta/)(Ha10/sub 4/)/sub 2/, where Ha10/sub 4/ = C10/sub 4//sup -/, Bro/sub 4//sup -/, 10/sub 4//sup -/ (except for DMSO and H/sub 2/O), L is a neutral ligand, n = 4 for HMPTA and n = 5 for the remaining L, were investigated. X-ray crystallographic analysis established that the investigated perhalate complexes of uranyl with the same neutral ligands are isostructural. It was established that in the complexes studied the Ha10/sub 4//sup -/ anions are outer-sphere anions, and the value of the frequency of the antisymmetrical stretching vibration of the uranyl group does not depend on the nature of the perhalate anion. From the values obtained for ..nu../sub 3/ UO /SUP 2/2/ /sup +/, the values of the multiplicity and energy of the uranium-ligand bond ...

1986-07-01

178

Online quasi-continuous measurement of organic acids in the atmosphere

Strong inhibitory effects of the anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) on four strains of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are reported. Two Nitrosospira...Full Text Available

2001-06-01

179

Hydrogen bonding and perhalometallate ions: A supramolecular synthetic strategy for new inorganic materials

The concentration of some organic acids in the atmosphere was determined using a wet effluent diffusion denuder-aerosol collector coupled with Ion Chromatography. Three organic acids and four inorganic anions were identified and quantified in the air sample, taken from the backyard of PSI. (author)

2002-03-01

180

Electrochemical ozone production: influence of the supporting electrolyte on kinetics and current efficiency

A synthetic strategy for constructing ionic hydrogen-bonded materials by combining perhalometallate anions with cations able to serve as hydrogen bond donors is presented. The approach is based on identification...Full Text Available

2002-04-16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

181

Effect of Single-dose Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of Warfarin in Healthy Volunteers

The nature of the electrolyte strongly influences the electrode kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and electrochemical ozone production (EOP) mainly by affecting the degree of coverage by the intermediates of both processes. The anomalous behaviour of the Tafel coefficient, b, as a function of temperature was attributed to surface adsorption of the electrolyte species, and the competition between them, as well as gas bubble adherence. Comparison of the current efficiencies of the EOP, PHI_E_O_P, determined for different temperatures and supporting electrolyte compositions, showed the presence of fluorinated anions increases PHI_E_O_P. The influence of the anion nature on PHI_E_O_P, when analysed in the light of the proposed electrode mechanism, reveals introduction into the electrolyte of anions having a high electronegativity changes the double layer structure resulting in an increase of surface concentration ...

2003-02-05

182

Effect of Anionic Salt and Highly Fermentable Carbohydrate Supplementations on Urine pH and on Experimentally Induced Hypocalcaemia in Cows

Based on in vitro rat and human hepatocyte uptake studies showing inhibition of warfarin uptake in the presence of the non-specific organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

183

Chromatography Equipment on Environmental Expert

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of dietary grain on calcium homeostasis. Six rumen-fistulated dairy cows with 3 or more previous lactations and no history of parturient...Full Text Available

2004-01-01

184

Wastenet

...for free Subscribe your products Categories All Categories Monitoring & Testing ChromatographyDelete Category Filter anion exchange chromatography biogas chromatographs chromatographic media chromatographic separations chromatographs chromatography ...

185

The electronic structure of organometallic complexes of the f elements XXV. Crystal field splitting pattern of the anionic complex [Cp_3Pr. NCS]"-

Structural origin of optical bowing in semiconductor alloys p

The absorption, emission and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of the anionic complex (Cp_3Pr. NCS)"- were measured at room and low temperatures. On the basis of these spectra the electronic structure in the f-f range could be derived. The parameters of an empirical Hamiltonian were fitted to the experimentally determined crystal field splitting pattern. Compared with the previously examined neutral Cp_3 Pr.X complexes the quadratic crystal field parameter B_0"2 is considerably reduced.

186

Structural origin of optical bowing in semiconductor alloys p

The principle of conservation and transferability of chemical bonds explains the recent discovery by extended x-ray absorption fine-structure measurements of two unequal anion-cation bond lengths R/sub A/C and R/sub B/C in A/sub x/B/sub 1-x/C zinc-blende semiconductor alloys despite the close adherence of the lattice constant to the average value (Vegard rule). This bond alternation, manifested as a structural distortion to a local chalcopyrite coordination around the anions, explains also most of the observed optical bowing in semiconductor alloys.

1983-08-22

187

Apoferritin Templated Synthesis of Metal Phosphate Nanoparticle Labels for Electrochemical Immunoassay

The principle of conservation and transferability of chemical bonds explains the recent discovery by extended x-ray absorption fine-structure measurements of two unequal anion-cation bond lengths R/sub A/C and R/sub B/C in A/sub x/B/sub 1-x/C zinc-blende semiconductor alloys despite the close adherence of the lattice constant to the average value (Vegard rule). This bond alternation, manifested as a structural distortion to a local chalcopyrite coordination around the anions, explains also most of the observed optical bowing in semiconductor alloys.

188

Decay of H{sub 2}{sup -} anions in solid parahydrogen by quantum tunneling: observations of electron bubbles

W have introduced template-synthesized metal phosphate nanoparticle labels for electrochemical immunoassay. Such use of an apoferritin template offers a simple and convenient route to prepare metallic nanoparticle labels for electrochemical immunoassays and avoid the complicated and time-consuming nanoparticle synthesis process (QD synthesis). Releasing metal ions from metal phosphate in an acetate buffer (pH 4.6) eliminates the harsh condition in the traditional metallic nanoparticle dissolution (e.g., strong acid dissolution of QDs and gold nanoparticles). This method is ultrasensitive and its DL is low to 77fM. The simultaneous detection of multiple protein targets is easily performed by using different metal phosphate nanoparticle labels (cadmium phosphate and lead phosphate). This approach can be extended to prepare multiple metal (such as zinc, lead, cadmium, copper, indium, gold, silver) phosphate nanoparticle ...

2006-08-29

189

Characterization of the major phosphoprotein and its kinase on the surface of the rat adipocyte

Decay mechanism of H{sub 2}{sup -} anions produced by {gamma}-ray or X-ray radiolysis of solid para-H{sub 2} (p-H{sub 2}) has been studied using high-resolution ESR spectroscopy in the temperature range between 2.7-6.6 K. The results can be summarized as follows; First, the decay rate constant of the H{sub 2}{sup -} anion is not proportional to initial yields of reactive species such as H radical and cation but proportional to concentrations of HD and D{sub 2} impurities in p-H{sub 2}. Second, ESR spectra assigned as electron bubbles were observed in solid p-H{sub 2} containing large amount of HD or D{sub 2} (11 mol %), while they were not observed in pure solid p-H{sub 2}. Third, the decay rate constant of the H{sub 2}{sup -} anion increases with the decrease in temperature between 2.7-5 K, while it decreases with the decrease between 5-6.6 K. Fourth, the decay of the H{sub 2}{sup -} anion is ...

1998-02-01

190

Structural determinants of alpha-bungarotoxin binding to the sequence segment 181-200 of the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor #alpha# subunit: Effects of cysteine/cystine modification and species-specific amino acid substitution

Intact rat fat cell exposed to 12.5 ..mu..M (..gamma..-32P)ATP incorporate label into specific proteins within minutes. By solubilizing the reaction mixture with SDS which bypasses the subcellular fractionation steps, the labeled proteins can be identified in autoradiographs of SDS-PAGE gels. The most prominently labeled protein has an M/sub r/ of 42,000. Localization of this component to the cell surface can be made on the basis of inhibition of phosphorylation by addition of a protein derived from the rat brain with protein kinase inhibitory property, susceptibility of the phosphorylated protein to the tryptic digestion, inhibition of phosphorylation of this protein after brief exposure to melittin. To rule out the possibility that the cell surface protein might be a mitochondrial contaminant from broken cells, /sup 32/Pi-labeled and (..gamma..-/sup 32/P)ATP-labeled cells were ...

1986-12-01

191

Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide and the designer natriuretic peptide, CD-NP, are resistant to proteolytic inactivation.

The sequence segment 181-200 of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) #alpha#subunit forms a binding site for #alpha#-bungarotoxin (#alpha#-BTX). Synthetic peptides corresponding to the homologous sequences of human, calf, mouse, chicken, frog, and cobra muscle nAChR #alpha#1 subunits were tested for their ability to bind "1"2"5I-#alpha#-BTX, and differences in #alpha#-BTX affinity were determined by using solution (IC_5_0s) and solid-phase (K_ds) assays. Panels of overlapping peptides corresponding to the complete #alpha#1 subunit of mouse and human were also tested for #alpha#-BTX binding, but other sequence segments forming the #alpha#-BTX site were not consistently detectable. The role of a putative vicinal disulfide bound between Cys-192 and -193, relative to the Torpedo sequence, was determined by modifying the peptides with sulfhydryl reagents. Reduction and alkylation of the ...

192

Influence of iron deficiency in the radiopharmaceutical behavior of red blood cells labeled with "9"9"mTc("9"9"mTC-RBC)

Designer natriuretic peptides (NPs) represent an active area of drug development. In canine and human studies, the designer natriuretic peptide CD-NP demonstrated more desirable therapeutic potential than recombinant B-type NP (BNP), which is known as nesiritide and is approved for treatment of acute decompensated heart failure. However, why CD-NP is more effective than BNP is not known. We previously reported that CD-NP is a poorer activator of human guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) and a better activator of human guanylyl cyclase-B than BNP. Here, guanylyl cyclase bioassays were used to compare the susceptibility of CD-NP verses ANP, BNP, CNP and DNP to inactivation by human kidney membranes. The half time (t(1/2)) for CD-NP inactivation was increased by factors of 13, 3 and 4 compared to ANP, BNP and CNP, respectively, when measured in the same assay. Surprisingly, DNP failed to undergo complete inactivation and was the most degradation resistant ...

2011-04-01

193

Conditions for the selective labelling of the 66 000 dalton chain of the acetylcholine receptor by the covalent non-competitive blocker 5-azido-["3H]trimethisoquin

Full text: Red blood cells (RBCs) labeled with "9"9"mTc are commonly used in the evaluation of cardiac function, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, red blood cell volume or splenic sequestration. Generally stannous ion is used as reducing agent. A proposed mechanism is that once the stannous ion (Sn) and the pertechnetate ("9"9"mTc) reach the interior of the RBC, the radionuclide is mainly house in the #beta#-chain of hemoglobin. The aim of this study was to determine if hemoglobin content reduction, an indicator of iron deficiency anemia, could affect the efficiency of RBC labeling and the biological distribution of this radiopharmaceutical. We studied 30 rats fed for 3 weeks after weaning with diets with iron contents of 6.5 ppm (group A), 18 ppm (group B) and 100 ppm (control). For all groups, the labeling yields were always higher than 97%; the percentage of radioactivity was mostly founded in blood with almost negligible ...

2005-11-09

194

cDNA cloning and sequence analysis of preproendothelin-1 (PPET-1) from salmon, Oncorhynchus keta.

A photoaffinity derivative of the local anesthetic trimethisoquin, 5-azido-["3H]trimethisoquin (5-A["3H]T) labelled bands of app. mol. wt 50 k and 66 k. To explain the rather paradoxical labelling by 5-A["3H]T of two polypeptide chains instead of one, three possibilities were considered: (i) The site for non-competititve blockers is not carried by the 50 k or 66 k chain; however, these chains lie in the vicinity of the binding site and become preferentially labelled since they present chemical groups with which the nitrene group of 5-A["3H]T reacts. (ii) The 50 k and 66 k chains are different but carry binding sites for non-competitive blockers with similar reactivities. (iii) The 50 k chain labelled by 5-A["3H]T derives from the 66 k chain by proteolysis. These results show that the third alternative is the correct one. Under conditions which limit proteolysis, 5-A["3H]T selectively ...

195

Metal Coupled Folding of Cys2His2 Zinc-Finger

The presence of endothelin (ET)-like immunoreactivity and the cardiovascular effects of mammalian ET-1 in fish have been reported. To identify ET-related peptides in fish, we screened the cDNA library of the salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) stomach by means of rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and we cloned cDNAs encoding an ET-related peptide. The salmon ET-related sequence of 21 amino acids is identical to the trout ET-1 peptide recently purified from kidney specimens of Oncorhynchus mykiss. The deduced amino acid sequence of salmon pre-proET-1 (PPET-1) comprises 244 amino acids, including a putative signal sequence and mature ET-1, as well as big ET-1 and ET-1-like sequences. This precursor, the first reported PPET-1 sequence for Salmoniformes, Teleostei, has low homology with the sequences of human, mouse, frog (Xenopus laevis), and zebrafish (Danio rerio) PPET-1 (26%, 29%, 24%, and 39%, respectively). PMID:16740985

2006-06-01

196

Matrix-assisted laser desorption fourier transform mass spectrometry for biological compounds

Zinc-fingers, which widely exist in eukaryotic cell and play crucial roles in life processes, depend on the binding of zinc ion for their proper folding. To computationally study the zinc coupled folding of the zinc-fingers, charge transfer and metal induced protonation/deprotonation effects have to be considered. Here, by attempting to implicitly account for such effects in classical molecular dynamics and performing intensive simulations with explicit solvent for the peptides with and without zinc binding, we investigate the folding of the Cys2His2 type zinc-finger motif and the coupling between the peptide folding and zinc binding. We find that zinc ion not only stabilizes the native structure, but also participates in the whole folding process. It binds to the peptide at early stage of folding, and directs or modulates the folding and stabilizations of the component beta-hairpin and alpha-helix. Such a crucial role of ...

2008-01-01

197

Low energy photoelectron resonance capture ionization aerosol mass spectrometry of small peptides with cysteine residues: Cys-Gly, g-Glu-Cys, and glutathione (g-Glu-Cys-Gly)

The recent development of matrix-assisted UV laser desorption (LD) mass spectrometry has made possible the ionization and detection of extremely large molecules (with molecular weights exceeding 100,000 Daltons). This technique has generated enormous interest in the biological community for the direct examination of large peptides and oligonucleotides. Although this matrix-assisted ionization method has been developed and used almost exclusively with time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometers, research is currently in progress to demonstrate this technique with trapped ion mass spectrometers, such as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTMS). The potential capabilities of FTMS for wide mass range, high resolution measurement, and ion trapping experiments suggest that this instrumental technique should be useful for the detailed structural characterization of large ions generated by the matrix-assisted technique. We have recently demonstrated ...

1990-01-01

198

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The photoelectron resonance capture ionization (PERCI) of cysteine (Cys) and small gas-phase neutral peptides that contain the Cys residue (Cys-Gly, g-Glu-Cys, and glutathione (g-Glu-Cys-Gly)) is reported. At an ionization energy less than 1eV two types of dissociative electron attachment ionization were observed for Cys: hydrogen atom loss, resulting in formation of the ion [Cys-H]-, and dissociation of the CH2-SH bond, resulting in formation of the ion [SH]-. The presence of these ions suggests that both the p*(-CO2H) and *(C-S) orbitals can act as low energy electrophores on Cys. This ionization trend was observed for the dipeptides Cys-Gly and g-Glu-Cys as well as glutathione, with evidence that dissociation of the CH2-SH bond in these peptides can also result in ions of the form [M-SH...

2009-01-01

199

Synthesis of high specific activity tritium labelled [2-{sup 3}H]-adenosine-5`-triphosphate

Synthesis and tissue distribution study of iodine-labeled benzyl- and xylylamines

A procedure for high level tritium labelling at the C2-H position of adenosine 5`-triphosphate ([2-{sup 3}H]-ATP, 1), based on the tritiodehalogenation reaction of 2-bromoadenosine 5`-triphosphate (2) has been elaborated. This precursor was prepared in a six-step synthesis from guanosine. The tritiodehalogenation of (2) for three hours over palladium oxide in phosphate buffer yielded tritium labelled ATP with high specific activity, in good chemical yield. (author).

1996-08-01

200

Labeled cells as research, diagnostic and therapeutic tools

Four /sup 125/I labeled mono- and diamines were prepared and evaluated as potential brain-imaging agents. The diamines are analogues of the previously reported /sup 75/Se labeled diamines, which show high brain uptake and retention. All of the radioiodinated amines display high initial brain uptake in rats after intravenous injection (1.7-2.4% dose/organ). The xylylenediamines show prolonged brain retention (t1/2 approximately 18 h), which is desirable for brain imaging. In contrast, the benzylamine is rapidly cleared from brain tissue (t1/2 approximately 15 min).

1982-07-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

201

Biodegradation of dispersants used in the treatment of oil spills. Biodegradacion de dispersantes utilizados en el tratamineto de derrames de hidrocarburos

Scientists at JPL have developed chemical and biological techniques using microspheres filled with drugs, electron-opaque metals, or radioactive, fluorescent, magnetic or electrically charged materials to label specific groups of cells. Synthetic polymeric microspheres are coupled with specific antibodies to form reagents called immunomicrospheres, which can seek out and attach themselves to any specific group of cells. These cell-labeling techniques, therefore, open new avenues not only to the basic study of cells but also to the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, including cancer.

1983-09-01

202

Translocation of labelled sucrose: A student exercise

The biodegradation of one of the most commonly used commercially available dispersants in the treatment of hydrocarbon out-flow was studied. The culture mediums employed were sea water, sterile sea water, and medium M19 (Merck). The latter two were inoculated with two kinds of microorganisms of the Pseudomona genus isolated from sludge from a waste treatment plant. The dispersants used is a commercial product made of anionic sulphated dispersants (1.710% by weight); anionic sulphonated dispersants (0.144%) and non-ionic dispersants (8.146%), both accompained by hidrocarbonated solvent (90%). The degradation processes occurred at differents temperatures (20, 30 and 37). The greatest degradation was obtained at 30 degree centigree. The degradation percentages obtained with the miscroorganisms were 40% of the anionic total and 70% of the non-ionic total after 56 hours for the 5:2 strain and 40% of the ...

1993-07-01

203

The use of gamma activation to study the behaviour of certain metals, in particular lead, during the dry ashing of bone

Photosynthetic carbohydrates from the leaves are exported through the phloem to growing tips, roots, flowers and fruits. If sucrose labelled with {sup 14}C is applied to the leaves of bean plants, the pathway for sugar movement may be readily observed by autoradiography. Students apply the labelled sucrose during class time and return the next day to press their plants. During the next class, the pressed and dried plants are placed against X-ray film and left in the dark for four weeks. the film is then developed, examined for presence of label and compared to the pressed plants. Source to sink movement is clearly illustrated and information about the mechanism of phloem transport and loading is gained through experimental treatments, which include blocking the phloem pathway and inhibiting energy production.

1990-05-01

204

The tracer technique applied in determining the time period for labelled element transport from the nutrition medium into the part of a plant above the soil

... calcium 47 combustion dry ashing high temperature labelled compounds lead

1972-04-10

205

The skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor identified as a molecular target of[3H] azidodantrolene by photoaffinity labeling

Russian (1972). USSR Prokof'eva, MS (no.188) p. 217-222. age

206

The inhibition of the primary interaction between "1"2"5I-labeled human hemoglobin and rabbit anti-human hemoglobin sera: a sensitive radioimmunoassay technique

... 16, 2001 0006-2979 BIORAK v. 40(2) APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES azido

2001-04-01

207

Study of the natural products effect in labelling of blood elements with technetium-99m; Estudo do efeito de produtos naturais no processo de marcacao de elementos sanguineos com tecnecio-99m

... ammonium compounds antigen-antibody reactions hemoglobin inhibition

208

Study of the influence of the Maytenus ilicifolia on the labelling of blood elements with Technetium-99m

No abstract prepared.

2000-02-01

209

Selenium and iodine labeled pH shift brain imaging agents

English 1999 p. 47 Brazil Oliveira, JF Braga, ACS Avila, ASR Bernardo-Filho,

1999-10-20

210

Plasminogen Binding and Activation at the Surface of Helicobacter pylori CCUG 17874

(Jan - Feb 1981). United Kingdom Kung, HF Tramposch, K. Blau, M. Buffalo

211

Mathematical analysis of inhibition effect of natural products in labelling of blood elements: preliminary studies; Analise matematica do efeito de produtos naturais na marcacao de elementos sanguineos: estudos preliminares

The binding of iodine-labelled plasminogen to Helicobacter pylori CCUG 17874 was characterized. Inhibition of the binding was observed after preincubation of H. pylori...Full Text Available

1998-10-01

212

Labelling methods for #alpha#-melanocyte stimulating hormone: an immunological and biological comparative study

No abstract prepared.

1998-07-01

213

Isotope labeling strategies for NMR studies of RNA

1981. p. 21. France Ghanem, G. Roland, MT Libert, A. Gossuin, A. Maerschalk,

1981-04-01

214

Involvement of Rh blood group polypeptides in the maintenance of aminophospholipid asymmetry

The known biological functions of RNA have expanded in recent years and now include gene regulation, maintenance of sub-cellular structure, and catalysis, in addition to propagation of genetic information. As for proteins, RNA function is tightly correlated with structure. Unlike proteins, structural information for larger, biologically functional RNAs is relatively limited. NMR signal degeneracy, relaxation problems, and a paucity of long-range {sup 1}H-{sup 1}H dipolar contacts have limited the utility of traditional NMR approaches. Selective isotope labeling, including nucleotide-specific and segmental labeling strategies, may provide the best opportunities for obtaining structural information by NMR. Here we review methods that have been developed for preparing and purifying isotopically labeled RNAs, as well as NMR strategies that have been employed for signal assignment and structure determination.

2010-01-15

215

Evaluation of the effect of Maytenus ilicifolia on the labelling of red blood cells and plasma proteins with Technetium-99m

The human erythrocyte (RBC) Rh blood group system consists of a complex of distinct integral membrane polypeptides with physical properties common to the aminophospholipid transporter responsible for the transbilayer movement of phosphatidylserine (PS) in RBC. To assess the involvement of Rh polypeptides in PS translocation, the aminophospholipid translocase was labeled with a photoactivatable PS analogue, "1"2"5I-azido-PS, and with an inhibitor of PS transport, "1"2"5I-labeled 2-(2-pyridyldithio)ethylamine. The ability of monoclonal Rh antibodies to immunoprecipitate the labeled transporter was determined. Immunoprecipitated Rh polypeptides were found to be labeled with the aminophospholipid translocase markers, suggesting that Rh proteins are involved in the transbilayer movement of PS.

216

Effects of different Maytenus ilicifolia and Fucus vesiculosus concentrations on the blood elements labelling with Tc-99 m

English 1998 p. 196 Brazil Oliveira, JF Braga, ACS Santos, JS Bernardo Filho,

1998-05-23

217

Determination of total migration from plastics-packaging materials into edible fats using "1"4C-labelled fat simulant

Portuguese 1999 p. 18 Brazil Oliveira, JF Braga, ACS Bezerra, RJAC Bernardo

1999-11-23

218

Deposition of inhaled aerosols in beagle dogs

(Dec 1973). United Kingdom Figge, K. Unilever Forschungs-GmbH,

219

Animal Models for Radiation Injury, Protection and Therapy

Additional measurements have been made of deposition and retention of inhaled radioactively labeled iron oxide aerosols generated by a spinning top aerosol generator.

1977-05-01

220

A Phase 1, Open-Label, Dose Escalation Study of ANG1005 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors and Metastatic Brain Cancer

... radiation during clinical therapy and exposures due to radiation accidents or attacks, in which the doses are uncontrolled ... only be used off-label in victims of radiation accidents or attacks. The idea...

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

221

"2"1"1At-Rh (16-S4-diol) - initial complex of radiopharmaceuticals labelled with astatine

Advanced Solid Tumors With and Without Brain Metastases

2010-06-03

222

The expression pattern of scygonadin during the ontogenesis of Scylla paramamosain predicting its potential role in reproductive immunity

... 07-9 354 p. RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY AND NUCLEAR

223

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The antimicrobial peptide scygonadin (Scy) was first isolated from the gonad of Scylla serrata and its gene is predominantly expressed in the ejaculatory duct of adult males. Thus, its function was predicted to be associated with reproductive immunity, but this is still unclear and needs further investigation. In our study, the expression pattern of Scy at different developmental stages of both male and female S. paramamosain was investigated, so that the potential function of this peptide could be examined. Using real-time quantitative PCR, Scy mRNA transcripts were demonstrated obviously in the vulnerable embryos and larvae-zoea I but very weakly detected in the larvae-zoea III, megalops and juveniles. The gene expression pattern showed a decreasing trend during the early developmental s...

2011-01-01

224

Prognostic value of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with severe cardiotoxic drug poisoning

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background/Objectives: Cardiotoxic drug poisoning can lead to severe cardiac shock (CS) and death. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a well-established diagnostic and prognostic marker in heart failure but has never been assessed in patients with cardiotoxic drug poisoning. The aim of the study was to determine whether BNP could be useful for early stratification of patients admitted to intensive care unit. Methods: 30 consecutive patients experiencing shock and cardiotoxic drug exposure were enrolled in a prospective monocentric study and underwent at least two BNP measurements within the first 24 h after admission. Results: While BNP values on admission were poorly informative, subsequent BNP measurements (11 +- 6 h after admission) were significantly increased in patients with CS comp...

2011-01-01

225

Inhibition of heat shock protein 27 (HspB1) tumorigenic functions by peptide aptamers

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Human heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27, HspB1) is an anti-apoptotic protein characterized for its tumorigenic and metastatic properties, and now referenced as a major therapeutic target in many types of cancer. Hsp27 biochemical properties rely on a structural oligomeric and dynamic organization. Downregulation by small interfering RNA or inhibition with dominant-negative mutant have proven their efficiency to counteract the anti-apoptotic and protective properties of Hsp27. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of Hsp27-targeted molecules interfering with its structural organization. Using the peptide aptamer (PA) strategy, we isolated PAs that specifically interact with Hsp27 and not with the other members of the small heat shock protein family. In mammalian cell cultur...

2011-01-01

226

Increased osteoblast adhesion on nanograined Ti modified with KRSR

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Peptide sequences such as lysine-arginine-serine-arginine (KRSR) selectively bind transmembrane proteoglycans (e.g. heparin sulfate) of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and are, therefore, actively being investigated for orthopedic applications. Further, nanophase materials (or materials with grain or particle sizes less than 100 nm) are promising new materials that promote new bone growth more than compared to conventional (that is, micron grain or particle size) materials. To combine the above two promising approaches for improving orthopedic implants, the objective of this in vitro study was to functionalize titanium (Ti) surfaces (both nanophase and conventional) with KRSR peptides and study their osteoblast cell adhesive properties. Materials were characterized by X-ray photoelectron ...

2007-01-01

227

Fullerene-Derivatized Amino Acids: Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant Properties, and Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A series of [60]fullerene-substituted phenylalanine (Baa) and lysine derivatives have been prepared by the condensation of 1,2-(4prime-oxocyclohexano)fullerene with the appropriately protected (4-amino)phenylalanine and lysine, respectively. Conversion of the imine to the corresponding amine is achieved by di-acid catalyzed hydroboration. The reduction of the imine is not accompanied by hydroboration of the fullerene cage. The [70]fullerene phenylalanine derivative has also been prepared as have the di-amino acid derivatives. The compounds were characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy allowed the observation of diastereomers. Fullerene-substituted peptides may be synthesized on relatively large scale by solid-pha...

2007-01-01

228

Comparison of fluorescence in situ hybridisation using peptide nucleic acid probes, Gram stain/acridine orange leukocyte cytospin and differential time to positivity methods for detection of catheter related bloodstream infection in patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract In 46 febrile neutropenic patients who had undergone haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the fluorescence in situ hybridisation using peptide nucleic acid probes (PNA FISH), Gram stain/acridine orange leukocyte cytospin (Gram/AOLC), and differential time to positivity (DTP) methods were performed for detection of catheter related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). As compared with the DTP method (which detected 11 patients with CRBSI), the PNA FISH and the Gram/AOLC methods detected ten of 11 CRBSI patients, resulting in a sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of 91%, 100%, 97% and 100%, respectively, for the PNA FISH method as well as for the Gram/AOLC method.

2010-01-01

229

Apelin, diabetes, and obesity

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Apelin is a peptide known as the ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ. Several active apelin forms exist such as apelin-36, apelin-17, apelin-13, and the pyroglutamated form of apelin-13. Apelin and APJ are expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in the hypothalamus and in many peripheral tissues. Apelin has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cardiovascular and fluid homeostasis, food intake, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. In addition to be an ubiquitous peptide, apelin is also produced and secreted by adipocytes and thus considered as an adipokine. This has opened a new field of investigation establishing a link between apelin and metabolic disorders (obesity, type 2 diabetes, etc.) which is the focus of the present review. Several studies, but not...

2011-01-01

230

Absence of the A4 peptide in the G4 glycinin subunit of soybean cultivar Enrei is caused by a point mutation in the Gy4 gene

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english Functional properties of soy proteins for food are closely related to the composition of their storage protein subunits. Using base excision sequence scanning (BESS), we show that the absence of the A4 peptide in the G4 glycinin subunit of the soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar Enrei was caused by the same point mutation in the Gy4 gene as previously reported in the soybean cultivar Raiden. Although the genetic relationship between Raiden and Enrei is not known, the same p (more) oint mutation in their Gy4 genes may indicate that they probably share a related origin. The application of BESS to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as co-dominant markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of a recessive null allele is also discussed.

2005-09-01

231

Nanoheterostructure Cation Exchange: Anionic Framework Conservation

Interactions between organic anions on multiple transporters in Caco-2 cells.

In ionic nanocrystals the cationic sub-lattice can be replaced with a different metal ion via a fast, simple, and reversible place-exchange, allowing post-synthetic modification of the composition of the nanocrystal, while preserving its size and shape. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that during such an exchange, the anionic framework of the crystal is preserved. When applied to nanoheterostructures, this phenomenon ensures that compositional interfaces within the heterostructure are conserved throughout the transformation. For instance, a morphology composed of a CdSe nanocrystal embedded in a CdS rod (CdSe/CdS) was exchanged to a PbSe/PbS nanorod via a Cu2Se/Cu2S structure. During every exchange cycle, the seed size and position within the nanorod were preserved, as evident by excitonic features, Z-contrast imaging, and elemental line-scans. Anionic framework conservation extends the domain of cation exchange to the design of more ...

2010-05-11

232

Effects of the structural nature of the anionic additives on the rheological behavior of bentonite suspensions; Effets de la nature structurelle des additifs anioniques sur le comportement rheologique de suspensions de bentonite

In drug development, Caco-2 cells are often employed to study the influence of membrane transporters on drug permeability. The aim of the current study was to characterize permeability and kinetic parameters of selected organic anionic compounds in Caco-2 cells, and to investigate whether the Caco-2 cell line may be used as an overall model to predict interactions on multiple membrane transporters in the intestine. Taurocholic acid (TCA) and estrone-3-sulfate (E(1) S) were used as model substrates. Possible inhibitors studied were TCA, E(1) S, taurolithocholic acid, fluvastatin, and glipizide. The effects of these compounds on initial uptake, apparent permeability, and intracellular end-point accumulations of the probe substrates were studied. Both interactions on apical and basolateral influx transporters were observed. These interactions were proposed to be mediated mainly by the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and the organic solute transporter ...

2011-05-23

233

Adsorption behaviour of some actinide and lanthanide elements on pyridine-type anion exchange resin from hydrochloric acid solution

Different experimental measurements (Theology, granulometry, XRD) were carried out in order to study the main properties of bentonite suspensions in presence of anionic additives at different concentrations. These additives are: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) as surfactant, a flexible polymer (Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose, CMC) and a semi-rigid polymer (Xanthan gum). It has been shown that the structural nature of anionic additive influences directly the mixtures viscoelastic and flow behavior. The steric effect of the surfactant modifies the Face-Edge interactions and yields changes of the mixtures rheological behavior at low deformation rates. Polymers act by coating each clay particle and prevent their agglomeration. Therefore, bentonite has no direct effect on the rheological behavior of the mixtures: the additives are responsible for the mechanisms of de-structuration and structure reorganization as well as the mixtures viscous and ...

2005-07-01

234

The isolation of "1"3"9Ce after production by a proton-induced nuclear reaction on praseodymium

One option in establishing advanced technology for disposing of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) is to remove TRU elements from HLW and then transform them into short-lived radionuclides. Tertiary pyridine-type anion exchange resin was investigated as a separation medium for spent fuel reprocessing using a HCl solution. Distribution coefficients of typical elements, along with uranium, were measured in the pyridine resin--HCl solution system, where HCl concentration was varied from 1 to 9 M. The results reveal: elements of the alkali metal, alkaline earth and lanthanide groups are not adsorbed, the adsorption patterns of the transition metals differ according to HCl concentration, and uranium is adsorbed in the high HCl concentration region. Furthermore, the present report describes the experimental results obtained for the adsorption behaviour of uranium, americium, curium and various lanthanide elements on tertiary pyridine-type anion ...

1999-08-01

235

Synthesis, electrical properties, and crystal structure of the first organic metal-solid electrolyte hybrid: (BEDT-TTF)/sub 3/Ag/sub x/I/sub 8/ (x approx. 6. 4)

A method, based on anion exchange chromatography, is presented for the isolation of "1"3"9Ce after production by a proton-induced nuclear reaction on a thick praseodymium target. After bombardment the target is dissolved in nitric acid and "1"3"9Ce oxidised to the Ce(IV) oxidation state with bromic acid. "1"3"9Ce is then separated form the praseodymium by anion exchange chromatography on a Ag MP-1 resin column in a nitric acid - bromic acid mixture. "1"3"9Ce is sorbed onto the resin column and praseodymium eluted with the acid mixture. The bromic acid is washed out of the column with nitric acid and "1"3"9Ce finally eluted with dilute nitric acid containing sulphur dioxide.

2001-02-17

236

Synthesis of magnetic particles via a cationic-anionic surfactant vesicle method

The preparation, crystal structure, and the electrical properties of the compound (ET)/sub 3/Ag/sub x/I/sub 8/ where x = approx. 6.4 and ET is bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene, C/sub 10/S/sub 8/H/sub 8/, are described. The compound possesses a truly two-dimensional polymeric anion, one which combines the structural features of both an organic electronic conductor and an inorganic solid electrolyte. The crystal structure consists of alternating anion and cation donor layers. The compound exhibits high electronic conductivity dominated by the electronic contribution, at least near room temperature.

1986-02-12

237

Synthesis of magnetic particles via a cationic-anionic surfactant vesicle method

In this work, a mixed cationic--anionic [i.e. cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-sodium octyl sulphate] surfactant system was used to synthesize the magnetite particles. The loading content of iron ions (Fe{sup 3+} and Fe{sup 2+}) into the surfactant system was varied to study its effect on the formation of magnetite, magnetic and morphological properties of the magnetite particles encapsulated by the surfactant vesicles. It has been verified that the vesicle-encapsulated magnetite particles with sizes from 100 to 200 nm were formed, which were almost independent of the loading content of iron ions. However, the morphological structure of the magnetite particles was dependent on the loading content of iron ions and there existed an optimal loading content for a full packing of the surfactant vesicles with the magnetite particles.

2006-10-15

238

Spectrophotometric studies on the interactions of C.I. Basic Red 9 and C.I. Acid Blue 25 with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide in cationic surfactant micelles

In this work, a mixed cationic--anionic [i.e. cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-sodium octyl sulphate] surfactant system was used to synthesize the magnetite particles. The loading content of iron ions (Fe"3"+ and Fe"2"+) into the surfactant system was varied to study its effect on the formation of magnetite, magnetic and morphological properties of the magnetite particles encapsulated by the surfactant vesicles. It has been verified that the vesicle-encapsulated magnetite particles with sizes from 100 to 200 nm were formed, which were almost independent of the loading content of iron ions. However, the morphological structure of the magnetite particles was dependent on the loading content of iron ions and there existed an optimal loading content for a full packing of the surfactant vesicles with the magnetite particles.

2006-10-01

239

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Interactions between cationic dye-cationic surfactant and anionic dye-cationic surfactant systems were investigated in aqueous solutions using spectrophotometric method at 288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15K. C.I. Basic Red 9 (BR9) and C.I. Acid Blue 25 (AB25) were used as cationic and anionic dyes, respectively, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr) was selected as cationic surfactant in this study. Although there was an interaction between the AB25 and the HDTMABr molecules, an interaction between the BR9 and HDTMABr did not occur due to the electrostatic repulsion forces. Binding constants and partition coefficients between the micellar and the bulk water phases for the AB25-HDTMABr system were calculated from the changes in absorbance values and the critical micelle concentra...

2011-01-01

240

Separation of lead-203 from cyclotron-bombarded thallium targets by ion-exchange chromatography

Separation of lead-203 from cyclotron-bombarded thallium targets by ion-exchange chromatography

A simple method is presented for the separation of lead-203 from copper-backed thallium cyclotron targets. The procedure involves cation-exchange chromatography in hydrochloric acid and hydrochloric acid-acetone mixtures. Further purification involves anion-exchange chromatography in nitric acid-hydrobromic acid mixtures. A cation-exchange column containing 3.0 g of resin can handle as much as 15 g of thallium and 160 mg of copper. An anion-exchange column containing 3.0 g of resin can separate lead from up to 200 mg of thallium and 10 mg of copper. Separations are extremely sharp and less than 0.1 ..mu..g of thallium and less than 0.1 ..mu..g of copper remain in the lead-203 fraction.

1982-07-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

241

Recovery of transplutonium elements from aqueous and water-ethanol solutions of sulfuric acid and their separation from other actinides

A simple method is presented for the separation of lead-203 from copper-backed thallium cyclotron targets. The procedure involves cation-exchange chromatography in hydrochloric acid and hydrochloric acid-acetone mixtures. Further purification involves anion-exchange chromatography in nitric acid-hydrobromic acid mixtures. A cation-exchange column containing 3.0 g of resin can handle as much as 15 g of thallium and 160 mg of copper. An anion-exchange column containing 3.0 g of resin can separate lead from up to 200 mg of thallium and 10 mg of copper. Separations are extremely sharp and less than 0.1 #mu#g of thallium and less than 0.1 #mu#g of copper remain in the lead-203 fraction. (author).

242

Production of rare-earth atomic negative ion beams in a cesium-sputter-type negative ion source

The behavior of Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, and other actinides, as well as Zr, on anion and cation exchangers in aqueous and water-ethanol solutions of sulfuric acid as a function of the various components of the solution has been investigated. It has been discovered that the presence of ethanol in sulfuric acid solutions causes an increase in the distribution coefficients both on cation exchangers and on anion exchangers. The possibility of the use of ion exchangers for the preconcentration and separation of transplutonium elements from U, Np, Pu, Zr, and other elements which form strong complexes with sulfate ions over a broad range of concentrations of sulfuric acid has been demonstrated.

1988-05-01

243

Ozone generation in a negative corona discharge fed with N_2O and O_2

The desire to study negative ion structure and negative ion-photon interactions has spurred the development of ion sources for use in research and industry. The many different types of negative ion sources available today differ in their characteristics and abilities to produce anions of various species. Thus the importance of choosing the correct type of negative ion source for a particular research or industrial application is clear. In this study, the results of an investigation on the production of beams composed of negatively-charged rare-earth ions from a cylindrical-cathode-geometry, cesium-sputter-type negative ion source are presented. Beams of atomic anions have been observed for most of the first-row rare-earth elements, with typical currents ranging from hundreds of picoamps to several nanoamps.

2007-08-01

244

Ionic conduction in polyether-based lithium arylfluorosulfonimide ionic melt electrolytes

Ozone production in a negative corona discharge has been studied experimentally at atmospheric pressure in mixtures of N_2O+O_2 at ambient temperature. Ozone formation was found to be dramatically reduced with increase in the content of N_2O in the mixture. The reaction of O("1D) with nitrous oxide is the most likely process reducing the rate of ozone generation. A considerable decrease in the mean discharge current at a constant voltage was also observed with increasing content of nitrous oxide in the mixture and is attributed to the formation of anions in the discharge. The low values of the calculated mobility of negative charge carriers in the drift region of the discharge is caused by the formation of O"- #centre dot# (N_2O)_n and NO"-#centre dot#(N_2O)_n cluster anions in the drift region of the negative corona discharge.

2004-04-07

245

Ionic conduction in polyether-based lithium arylfluorosulfonimide ionic melt electrolytes

We report synthesis, characterization and ion transport in polyether-based ionic melt electrolytes consisting of Li salts of low-basicity anions covalently attached to polyether oligomers. Purity of the materials was investigated by HPLC analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The highest ionic conductivity of 7.1 x 10{sup -6} S/cm at 30 deg. C was obtained for the sample consisting of a lithium salt of an arylfluorosulfonimide anion attached to a polyether oligomer with an ethyleneoxide (EO) to lithium ratio of 12. The conductivity order of various ionic melts having different polyether chain lengths suggests that at higher EO:Li ratios the conductivity of the electrolytes at room temperature is determined in part by the amount of crystallization of the polyether portion of the ionic melt.

2009-10-01

246

Electrochemical properties of palladium adlayers on Pt(110) substrates

We report synthesis, characterization and ion transport in polyether-based ionic melt electrolytes consisting of Li salts of low-basicity anions covalently attached to polyether oligomers. Purity of the materials was investigated by HPLC analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The highest ionic conductivity of 7.1 x 10-6 S/cm at 30 deg. C was obtained for the sample consisting of a lithium salt of an arylfluorosulfonimide anion attached to a polyether oligomer with an ethyleneoxide (EO) to lithium ratio of 12. The conductivity order of various ionic melts having different polyether chain lengths suggests that at higher EO:Li ratios the conductivity of the electrolytes at room temperature is determined in part by the amount of crystallization of the polyether portion of the ionic melt.

2009-10-01

247

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Palladium deposition on Pt(110) electrodes was studied. Differently from Pt(111) and Pt(100), first and further layers cannot be distinguished in this case only through the voltammetric behavior of hydrogen and anion adsorption. The potential of zero total charge (pztc) was determined as a function of the amount of deposited Pd using CO charge displacement experiments and voltammetric curves. The variation of the voltammetric charge due to hydrogen and anion adsorption has been followed during Pd deposition. The voltammetric charge between 0.06 and 0.4V first decreases to a minimum, then increases and finally becomes stable, suggesting that the surface is finally covered with a Pd multilayer. The pztc and CO oxidation charge show similar behavior. CO oxidation, NO reduction and Cu UPD were...

2011-01-01

248

Development of anion-exchange resins for separations of actinides

Chromate Transport through Surfactant-Modified Zeolite Columns

The evolution of these new ion-exchange resins hinges upon an understanding of the chemistry of actinide metal complexes as they exist in solution and when interacting with the cationic sites. Molecular modeling of electrostatic interactions between the metal complex and the cationic substrate is used to help visualize uptake mechanisms and, eventually, to predict optimized coordination sites. Thus, these new materials integrate the fields of ion-specific chelation and ion-exchange technology. Synthesized resins contain cationic sites designed to facilitate the uptake of plutonium nitrato complexes from high-nitrate solutions, and they exhibit distribution coefficients that are up to 10 times higher than those observed for commercial resins. Additionally, some new resins show surprisingly large Kd`s for anionic complexes of Am(III) and U(VI).

1997-12-31

249

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Remediation of ground water containing anionic contaminants presents a great challenge. Because of its low cost, surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) has been studied for >10 years for potential uses as permeable barrier materials to remove anionic contaminants from water. In this study, zeolite aggregates with particle size of 3.4 to 4.8 mm were modified by hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide, a cationic surfactant, to a surfactant loading level of 80 mmol/kg and a concurrent counterion bromide loading level of 34 mmol/kg. While no retardation of chromate transport was observed for unmodified columns, a retardation factor of 60 was found for chromate transport through the SMZ columns. Slow but persistent desorption of HDTMA occurred throughout the chromate transport experimen...

2006-01-01

250

Chitosan-silica hybrid-coated open tubular column for hydrophilic interaction capillary electrochromatography

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract A novel and convenient protocol for the preparation of an open-tubular column coated with chitosan-silica hybrid using chitosan and silane-coupling agent (-glycidoxy-propyltrimethoxysilane) was developed for CEC, in which, chitosan was covalently bonded to the inner wall of a fused-silica capillary using -glycidoxy-propyltrimethoxysilane as a cross-linking agent. The stationary phase was hydrophilic due to the chitosan-silica hybrid with abundant amine and hydroxyl functional groups. The chromatographic characteristics of the column were evaluated by the separation of some organic acids and inorganic anions. The column showed good selectivity for nucleotides, aromatic acids, and inorganic anions. The mechanism for the separation of these compounds was primarily based on the hydrop...

2011-01-01

251

A method for preventing cathodic deposition of molybdenum subchloride in LiCl-KCl molten salt

Vaccination response to tetanus toxoid and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccines following administration of a single dose of abatacept: a randomized, open-label, parallel group study in healthy subjects

Effects of ions of Group IA, IIA, IIIB, and VIIB elements on the cathodic deposition of a molybdenum were investigated in a KCl-LiCl (eutectic)-MoCl/sub 3/ molten salt at 773 K (500/degree/C). The results can be summarized as follows: The addition of potassium, rubidium, cesium, and barium cations and fluorine anions to the KCl-LiCl (eutectic)-MoCl/sub 3/ molten salt is effective in depressing the cathodic deposition of the molybdenum subchloride, which hinders the smooth, flat electrodeposition of molybdenum. The addition of lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and aluminum cations and bromine and iodine anions promotes the undesirable cathodic deposition of the molybdenum subchloride.

1989-01-01

252

Synthesis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug analogues for selective studies on the COX-II enzyme

The effect of abatacept, a selective T-cell co-stimulation modulator, on vaccination has not been previously investigated. In this open-label, single-dose, randomized, parallel-group, controlled study,...Full Text Available

2007-01-01

253

Study of the mode of action and site-specificity of the endo-(1----4)-beta-D-glucanases of the fungus Penicillium pinophilum with normal, 1-3H-labelled, reduced and chromogenic cello-oligosaccharides.

Synthesis of the azido substituted non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug 2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenylacetic acid and isotope labeling of this compound have been performed and are described. Initial evaluation of the binding ability and photoreactivity indicates that this compound has potential for photoaffinity labeling as well as enzyme selectivity studies. (author).

254

Structural analysis of covalently labeled estrogen receptors by limited proteolysis and monoclonal antibody reactivity

The modes of action of the five major endo-(1----4)-beta-D-glucanases (I, II, III, IV and V) purified from Penicillium pinophilum cellulase were compared by h.p.l.c. analysis, with normal, 1-3H-labelled...Full Text Available

1990-03-01

255

Stable Isotope Labeling, in Vivo, of d- and l-Tryptophan Pools in Lemna gibba and the Low Incorporation of Label into Indole-3-Acetic Acid ¹

The authors have used limited proteolysis of affinity-labeled estrogen receptors (ER), coupled with antireceptor antibody immunoreactivity, to assess structural features of ER and the relatedness of ER from MCF-7 human breast cancer and rat uterine cells. MCF-7 ER preparations covalently labeled with ["3H]tamoxifen aziridine (["3H]TAZ) were treated with trypsin (T), #alpha#-chymotrypsin (C), or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease prior to electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Fluorography revealed a distinctive ladder of ER fragments containing TAZ for each protease generated from the M/sub r/ 66,000 ER. Immunoblot detection with the primate-specific antibody D75P3#gamma# revealed that all immunoreactive fragments corresponded to TAZ-labeled fragments but that some small TAZ-labeled fragments were no longer immunoreactive. In contrast, use of the antibody H222SP#gamma# revealed a correspondence ...

256

Scintigraphic demonstration of amebic liver abscesses with "1"3"1iodine labeled bromometronidazole

We present evidence that the role of tryptophan and other potential intermediates in the pathways that could lead to indole derivatives needs to be reexamined. Two lines of Lemna gibba...Full Text Available

1991-04-01

257

Relative Rates of Transcapillary Movement of Free Thyroxine, Protein-Bound Thyroxine, Thyroxine-Binding Proteins, and Albumin

This case report demonstrates an hepatic amebic abscess by scintigrapy, utilizing a new radiopharmaceutical designed specifically for that purpose. The abscess is delineated as a positive lesion after twenty four hours. The agent, "1"3"1I-labeled bromometronidazole, may prove to be specific for the diagnosis of these abscesses. (orig.).

258

Pharmaceutics | Special Issue: Molecular Imaging

The rate of appearance of labeled thyroxine (T4) and albumin in lymph from various areas after simultaneous i.v. injection of the labeled substances in conscious ambulatory sheep has been used to estimate...Full Text Available

1974-07-01

259

Wastenet

...) Abstract: Fluorescence microscopic imaging is widely used in biomedical research to study molecular and cellular processes in cell culture or tissue samples. This is motivated by the high inherent sensitivity of fluorescence techniques, the spatial resolution that compares favorably with cellular dimensions, the stability of the fluorescent labels used and the sophisticated strategies that have been developed for selectively labeling target molecules. More recently, two and ...

260

Novel photoaffinity label for the dopamine D2 receptor: synthesis of 4-azido-5-iodo-2-methoxy-N-1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl benzamide (iodoazidoclebopride, IAC) and the corresponding "1"2"5I-labeled analogue ("1"2"5IAC)

Localization of 131I-labeled p97-specific Fab fragments in human melanoma as a basis for radiotherapy.

... affinity azido compounds biosynthesis dopamine iodine compounds iodine

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

261

Iodine-123-labeled pH shift brain-imaging agents

33 patients with advanced malignant melanoma were studied after intravenous administration of 131I-labeled Fab fragments specific for p97, an oncofetal glycoprotein of human melanoma. In all, 47 gamma...Full Text Available

1983-12-01

262

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE PREPARATIONS OF RADIOACTIVELY LABELED AEROSOLS

HIPDM is an "1"2"3I-labeled agent with a distribution in brain reflecting regional perfusion. This compound is neutral and lipid soluble at blood pH and freely crosses the blood-brain barrier. At the lower pH in brain, it picks up a hydrogen ion and becomes positively charged. In this form the molecule is not lipid soluble and it is trapped in brain.

1982-05-03

263

Dissection of the sentry ganglion by laparoscopic boarding in patients with cervix uterine cancer clinical stages IA2 at IIB

A method is described to smear extremely thin layers of nuclear emulsion on labeled electron microscope preparations and to measure the thicknesses of these layers, Without further separation, preparation and emulsion can be observed after exposure and development in an electron microscope. The source of the tracks formed in the emulsion can be exactly identified and the size and structure determined. This method finds applications in dust research and also in the analysis of medical and biological sections. Further information can be obtained about properties of different emulsions. (auth)

1963-04-01

264

Development of a new radiolabel (lead-203) and new chelating agents for labeling monoclonal anntibodies for imaging

The obtained results in presently study demonstrate that the feasibility of the detection of the sentry ganglion in cervix uterine cancer using a boarding by laparoscopic via, being necessary the use of twice labelled as much with patent blue and radioisotope (colloid of labelled rhenium with "9"9"mTc, total dose of 3 MCi) to achieve the identification of the ganglion. (Author)

2005-05-04

265

Comparative Study of ¹²⁵I- and [³H]Acetate-Labeled Antibodies in Detecting Iridescent Viruses

High liver uptake and slow body clearance presently limit the usefulness of "1"1"1In labeled antibodies for tumor imaging. We have investigated "2"0"3Pb as an alternate and better antibody label. The DTPA and cyclohexyl EDTA (CDTA) conjugates of an anticolon carcinoma antibody, 17-1A were labeled (bicyclic anhydride method) with "2"0"3Pb and "1"1"1In with 60 and 90% labeling yields, respectively. The biodistribution of "2"0"3Pb-17-1A conjugates was compared with the corresponding "1"1"1In-labeled preparations and with "2"0"3Pb-DTPA, "2"0"3Pb-nitrate and nonrelevant antibody controls in normal and human tumor (SW948) xenografted nude mice at 24, and 96 hr. Lead-203-labeled CDTA and DTPA antibody conjugates gave similar in vivo distributions. Even though the lead bound to these chelate-antibody conjugates was more labile in serum and in vivo, compared to indium, ...

1988-05-22

266

Circulation and migration of small blood lymphocytes in the rat. I. Kinetics of lymphocyte circulation in the lymphoid organs.

Radioimmunoassays for detecting cell-associated or released virus are described using either ¹²⁵I- or [³H]acetate-labeled antibodies. In the first assay system, antigen-antibody...Full Text Available

1974-07-01

267

Boron in nuclear medicine: New synthetic approaches to PET and SPECT. Final report, May 1, 1986--April 30, 1996

Seventy male Wistar rats were the recipients of labeled small lymphocytes (1.5 X 10(7) each) collected from the peripheral blood of syngeneic donors. The migrating labeled lymphocytes were traced in...Full Text Available

1978-12-01

268

An improved method for hyaluronic acid radioiodination

Research is described in the development of organometallic reagents in which the boron was attached to a nonreactive organic or inorganic matrix such as polystyrene, silica, or alumina. We developed the synthesis of oxygen-15 labelled butanol, which has been found to be a valuable blood flow agent in humans. We have also developed a series of polymeric borane derivatives which were used to prepare nitrogen-13 labelled amines.

1997-08-01

269

Affinity labelling of ribosomes from the livers of different vertebrates by 2-nitro-4-azidobenzoyl-Phe-tRNA

A simple procedure is described for preparing {sup 125}I-labelling hyluronan of high molecular weight. The reducing terminal group of hyaluronic acid was derivatized with tyramine through the formation of a Schiff base which was subsequently reduced with sodium cyanoborohydride. By radioiodination of the aromatic ring, {sup 125}I-labelled hyaluronic acid was obtained in high yield (40%) and high specific activity, 555 GBq/mmol (15 Ci/mmol). (Author).

1995-09-01

270

beta. -Endorphin and related peptides suppress phorbol myristate acetate-induced respiratory burst in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Ribosomal protein L 10 from the livers of trout, hen, and rat was found to be the main target for 2-nitro-4-azidobenzoyl-Phe-tRNA in affinity labelling experiments. Therefore, despite somewhat different electrophoretic mobilities, this protein seems to be involved in the organization of the peptidyl transferase centre in ribosomes of various vertebrates. (author).

271

Unique Bell-shaped Voltage-dependent Modulation of Na⁺ Channel Gating by Novel Insect-selective Toxins from the Spider Agelena orientalis*

In the present study, the immunomodulatory effect of {beta}-endorphin ({beta}-E) and shorter pro-opiomelancortin (POMC) fragments was evaluated by assessing their influence on respiratory burst in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The effect of the peptides on phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated production of reactive oxygen metabolites was measured in a lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) assay. Both POMC peptides with opiate-like activity and their non-opioid derivatives were tested. With the exception of {alpha}-E, PMA-stimulated respiratory burst was suppressed by all POMC fragments tested. A U-shaped dose-response relation was observed. Doses lower than 10{sup {minus}17}M and higher than 10{sup {minus}8}M were without effect. {beta}-E and dT{beta}E both suppressed PMA-induced oxidative burst in human PMN at physiological concentrations. {gamma}-E and dT{gamma}E proved to be less potent inhibitors, reaching maximal ...

1989-01-01

272

The combined transduction of copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase and catalase mediated by cell-penetrating peptide, PEP-1, to protect myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury

Spider venoms provide a highly valuable source of peptide toxins that act on a wide diversity of membrane-bound receptors and ion channels. In this work, we report isolation, biochemical analysis, and...Full Text Available

2010-06-11

273

The Putative Natural Killer Decoy Early Gene m04 (gp34) of Murine Cytomegalovirus Encodes an Antigenic Peptide Recognized by Protective Antiviral CD8 T Cells

BackgroundOur previous studies indicate that either PEP-1-superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) or PEP-1-catalase (CAT) fusion proteins protects myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion-induced...Full Text Available

274

Systemic combinatorial peptide selection yields a non-canonical iron-mimicry mechanism for targeting tumors in a mouse model of human glioblastoma

Several early genes of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) encode proteins that mediate immune evasion by interference with the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) pathway of antigen presentation...Full Text Available

2000-02-01

275

Synthesis and cloning of the genes of antisense peptides of human calcitonin and miniproinsulin

The management of CNS tumors is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a vascular interface that restricts the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Here we show that phage particles...Full Text Available

2011-01-04

276

Structural Chemistry of Human SET Domain Protein Methyltransferases

With the aim of an experimental check on the validity of the theory of molecular recognition, the authors have carried out the chemical-enzymatic synthesis and cloning of the gene of human calcitonin and also of the genes of antisense polypeptides to human calcitonin and miniproinsulin. It has been shown that recombinant plasmids obtained on the basis of these synthetic genes are capable of ensuring the biosynthesis of the given polypeptides in E. coli cells as hybrid proteins with the IgG-binding domain of staphylococcal protein A.

1994-07-20

277

Specific Sequence Motif of 8-Cys Repeats of TGF-? Binding Proteins, LTBPs, Creates a Hydrophobic Interaction Surface for Binding of Small Latent TGF-?

There are about fifty SET domain protein methyltransferases (PMTs) in the human genome, that transfer a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to substrate lysines on histone tails or other peptides. A number of structures in complex with cofactor, substrate, or inhibitors revealed the mechanisms of substrate recognition, methylation state specificity, and chemical inhibition. Based on these structures, we review the structural chemistry of SET domain PMTs, and propose general concepts towards the development of selective inhibitors.

2011-08-22

278

Regulation of the mRNA for monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide in differentiating HL60 promyelocytes.

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-βs are secreted in large latent complexes consisting of TGF-β, its N-terminal latency-associated peptide (LAP) propeptide, and latent TGF-β...Full Text Available

2000-08-01

279

Protective Effects of a Human 18-Kilodalton Cationic Antimicrobial Protein (CAP18)-Derived Peptide against Murine Endotoxemia

A cDNA library was constructed from HL60 human promyelocyte poly(A)+ RNA harvested 3 h after induction of macrophage differentiation with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate in the presence of cycloheximide....Full Text Available

1989-05-01

280

Presence of antibodies to a putatively immunosuppressive part of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein gp41 is strongly associated with health among HIV-positive subjects.

CAP18 (an 18-kDa cationic antimicrobial protein) is a granulocyte-derived protein that can bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inhibit various activities of LPS in vitro. The present study examined the...Full Text Available

1998-05-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

281

Polymorphisms of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and peptide transporter 2 (PEPT2) genes in children with low-level lead exposure

The IgG response to gp41 (envelope glycoprotein of Mr 41,000) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was studied with eight synthetic peptides derived from three different regions of the protein....Full Text Available

1988-07-01

282

Mutations at the accommodation gate of the ribosome impair RF2-dependent translation termination

Low-level lead exposure during early childhood has long been associated with altered neurocognitive development and diminished cognitive functions. Over nine thousand U.S. industrial facilities...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

283

Meat factor peptides as a good iron source for vegetarians

During protein synthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) and release factors 1 and 2 (RF1 and RF2) have to bind at the catalytic center of the ribosome on the 50S subunit where they take part in peptide bond...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

284

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionIron deficiency anaemia is a common problem and may be particularly important to certain groups of vegetarians. This project investigates isolating and identifying iron-binding constituents of meat digests using human Caco-2 cell lines. Stable isotope techniques used to test whether one or more of these compounds enhance iron absorpion in vivo and could therefore be added to vegetarian products to imporve iron nutrition.

2005-01-31

285

Mapping of TH1 helper T-cell epitopes on major secreted mycobacterial antigen 85A in mice infected with live Mycobacterium bovis BCG.

Human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) encodes a stable signal peptide with biological properties distinct from Rec

TH1 cytokine secretion was examined in response to synthetic peptides of the 85A component of the major secreted, fibronectin-binding antigen 85 complex from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in seven different...Full Text Available

1994-02-01

286

FMRFamide-Like Immunoreactivity in the Central Nervous System and Alimentary Tract of the Non-Hematophagous Blow Fly, Phormia regina, and the Hematophagous Horse Fly, Tabanus nigrovittatus

BackgroundThe human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) family is associated with testicular germ cell tumors (GCT). Various HML-2 proviruses encode viral proteins such as Env and...Full Text Available

287

Development of laser-ion beam photodissociation methods

FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) are a diverse and physiologically important class of neuropepeptides in the metazoa. In insects, FaRPs function as brain-gut neuropeptides and have been immunolocalized...Full Text Available

288

Cyclopeptide alkaloids. Synthesis of the ring system and its ion affinity

During this report period our research efforts have concentrated on studies of the dissociation reactions of model peptides and other biologically important molecules. In addition, a considerable amount of research effort has been directed toward improving the apparatus used for laser-ion beam photodissociation. The instrumental improvements include some changes on the original apparatus, but most of this effort involved designing a second generation laser-ion beam photodissociation instrument.

1990-08-01

289

Catestatin (chromogranin A_344-364) is a novel cardiosuppressive agent: inhibition of isoproterenol and endothelin signaling in the frog heart

Several examples of the 14-membered, para-bridged ring system of the cyclopeptide alkaloids have been synthesized via an active ester cyclization. The yield of monomeric cyclopeptide varied from 1 to 33% and was affected by the amino acid substitution pattern and amide conformation of the linear peptide precursors. Both the synthetic models and a naturally occurring cyclopeptide alkaloid, ceanothine B, bind monovalent (Li"+) and divalent (Ca"2"+, Mg"2"+) cations. 4 figures, 1 table.

290

Assessment of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogue and Renin Inhibitor on the Binding and Regulation of GLP-1 Receptor in Type 1 Diabetic Rat Hearts

The catecholamine release-inhibitory catestatin [Cts; human chromogranin (Cg) A_352-372, bovine CgA_344-364] is a vasoreactive and anti-hypertensive peptide derived...Full Text Available

2008-07-01

291

A region in the cytosolic domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor antithetically regulates the stimulatory and inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins of adenylyl cyclase.

This study focuses on the effects of long-term renin-angiotensin system suppression and/or incretin mimetic therapies on the regulation and binding affinity of GLP-1 to its receptor in the coronary...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

292

A new type of scorpion Na⁺-channel-toxin-like polypeptide active on K⁺ channels

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates adenylyl cyclase in the heart via activation of the stimulatory GTP-binding protein Gs. Therefore, employing peptides corresponding to regions in the cytosolic...Full Text Available

1995-03-14

293

Proteins of the kidney microvillar membrane

We have purified and characterized two peptides, named KAaH1 and KAaH2 (AaH polypeptides 1 and 2 active on K⁺ channels, where AaH stands for Androctonus australis Hector),...Full Text Available

2005-06-01

294

Phosphorylation of proteins in Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum

Two methods were used to label pig kidney microvillar membrane proteins from the luminal and cytoplasmic surfaces of closed membrane vesicles. The first method was lactoperoxidase-catalysed radioiodination. Lactoperoxidase and glucose oxidase were positioned inside or outside the vesicles, iodination being initiated by adding glucose and "1"2"5I. After electrophoresis of the proteins, asymmetric labelling patterns on radioautographs were observed. However the major disadvantage of this method was the high degree of intramembrane labelling of the fatty acid chains of membrane lipids. The second method overcame this disadvantage. A new hydophilic photoreagent, 3,5-di("1"2"5I)iodo-4-azidobenzenesulphonate, was transported by a Na"+-dependent system into microvillar vesicles, thus permitting labelling from either side of the membrane when the vesicles were photolysed. The activity of several microvillar ...

295

Expression of ribosomal genes in pea cotyledons at the initial stages of germination

Cell extracts of the thermophile Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum catalyzed the phosphorylation by (..gamma..-/sup 32/P)ATP of several endogenous proteins with M/sub r/s between 13,000 and 100,000. Serine and tyrosine were the main acceptors. Distinct substrate proteins were found in the soluble (e.g., proteins p66, p63, and p53 of M/sub r/s 66,000, 63,000, and 53,000, respectively) and particulate (p76 and p30) fractions, both of which contained protein kinase and phosphatase activity. The soluble fraction suppressed the phosphorylation of particulate proteins and contained a protein kinase inhibitor. Phosphorylation of p53 was promoted by 10..mu..M fructose 1,6-bisphosphate or glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and suppressed by hexose monophosphates, whereas p30 and p13 were suppressed by 5 ..mu..M brain (but not spinach) calmodulin. Polyamines, including the odd polyamines characteristic of thermophiles, modulated the labeling of most of the phosphoproteins. Apart from ...

1986-02-01

296

Consumer choice and suggested price for pork as influenced by its appearance, taste and information concerning country of origin and organic pig production

The time of appearance of newly synthesized rRNAs and ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) in the ribosomes of pea cotyledons (Pisum sativum L.) during germination was investigated. The ribosomal fraction was isolated and analyzed according to the method of germination of the embryo in the presence of labeled precursors or after pulse labeling of the embryos at different stages of germination. For the identification of newly synthesized rRNAs in the ribosomes we estimated the relative stability of labeled RNAs to the action of RNase, the sedimentation rate, the ability to be methylated in vivo in the presence of (/sup 14/C)CH/sub 3/-methionine, and the localization in the subunits of dissociated ribosomes. The presence of newly synthesized r-proteins in the ribosomes was judged on the basis of the electrophoretic similarity in SDS-disc electrophoresis of labeled polypeptides of purified ribosome preparations ...

1986-01-20

297

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Reactions of consumers to the appearance and taste of pork with and without information concerning outdoor production of pigs were tested in France, Denmark, Sweden and UK. Consumers in all four countries focussed on colour and fatness rather than marbling and drip to make their choice. Almost half of the British and Danish preferred the paler and the French the darker pork. Most people preferred the leaner pork. When information was provided in the form of labels, the vast majority of consumers preferred the pork labelled as originating from their own country as opposed to 'imported' and that labelled as pork from pigs 'raised outside' as opposed to 'inside'. There was no difference in the taste of grilled pork from indoor and outdoor production systems but pork labelled 'home produced' or 'outdoor' were more appreciated. Consumers' willingness to pay varied widely and was higher for those consumers ...

2005-01-01

298

Comparison of doubly labeled water, intake-balance, and direct- and indirect-calorimetry methods for measuring energy expenditure in adult men

Animal and human studies of a new /sup 99m/Tc labelled phosphine-isocyanide complex with possible applications to radionuclide ventriculography

Energy expenditure (EE) of four adult men on a weight-maintenance diet was estimated by use of doubly labeled water, intake balance, and direct and indirect calorimetry. The doubly labeled water (2H218O) method was used to estimate free-living EE for 13 d. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake was used to estimate free-living EE for 1 wk. The subjects' 24-h EE was measured in a dual direct-indirect room calorimeter on 3 alternate days. Estimates of free-living EE as measured by ME intake and doubly labeled water indicate agreement between the two methods (mean difference +/- SEM, -1.04 +/- 0.63%). Measurements of EE with indirect and direct calorimetry are equivalent (mean difference 0.63 +/- 0.44%). The daily EE measured by doubly labeled water in these free-living adults over a 13-d period was 15.01% greater than the 24-h EE measured within the calorimeter.

299

A new /sup 99m/Tc-phosphine-isocyanide complex with the general structure (/sup 99m/Tc (DEPE)/sub 2/(CNR)/sub 2/)/sup +/ has been synthesised and tested in animals and one human. In three animal species (rat, rabbit, dog), the complex is an efficient myocardial imaging agent, while in humans it remains in the blood pool. The complex is 100% protein bound in animals and humans, but whereas in humans it is attached to a 51.5 kdalton protein (probably prealbumin), in rabbits it appears to be bound to a larger macromolecule (M.W.>100 kdalton). The efficiency of the complex for blood pool labelling was tested in a human volunteer and compared with the standard in vivo red cell labelling technique with stannous pyrophosphate. A satisfactory radionuclide angiogram could be performed with less than 370 MBq of the complex. The count rate for the complex (cps/MBq) was 15% higher than that obtained with the labelled red cells and ...

1987-04-01

300

Uranium phosphates

Thorium different-ligand complexes with morin as analytic form for extraction-photometric determination of thorium microamounts

Methods of preparation, stability in solutions and in the solid phase, composition of orthophosphate crystallohydrates and condensed uranyl- and uranium (4) phosphates, are considered. Structures of these compounds are discussed; it is shown that they are steric polymers with an uranylphosphate framework. The problem of phosphate-anion polymerization in the process of thermal decomposition is discussed. It is established that condensed uranyl polyphosphates are not stable during storage, capable of degradation, its degree increasing with the phosphate chain length and uranium content.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

301

The role of oxygen diffusion in the release of technetium from reducing cementitious waste forms

Consideration is given to results of investigation into thorium complexing with morin (H_2Mor) in extraction systems containing different carboxylic acids as well as different salt background. The obtained data enabled to suggest the method of photometric determination of thorium in the form of Th(HMor)_2Benz_2 different-ligand complex (where Benz-anion of benzilic acid) with 0.25 #mu#g/ml detection limit.

1989-01-01

302

Synergetic extraction in systems with dicarbollide and bidentate phosphonate

Cementitious materials provide an ideal geochemical environment (e.g., high pH pore fluids and large surface areas for sorption) for immobilizing nuclear waste. The inclusion of reducing agents, such as blast furnace slag (BFS) can immobilize radionuclides by forming of solid sulfide phases. Thermodynamic calculations using the MINTEQ geochemical computer code indicate the elemental sulfur present in BPS reacts with the highly mobile pertechnetate anion (TcO{sub 4}{sup -}) anion to form an insoluble technetium sulfide phase (Tc{sub 2}S{sub 7(s)}). Initially, the waste form very effectively immobilizes technetium. However, as oxygen diffuses into the waste form, an outer zone of oxidized concrete and a shrinking core of reduced intact concrete develops. Oxidation of sulfur in the outer zone results in increased technetium concentrations in the pore fluid because Tc{sub 2}S{sub 7(a)} oxidizes to the mobile TcO{sub 4}{sup -} ...

1993-12-31

303

Superoxide production by NAD(P)H oxidase and mitochondria is increased in genetically obese and hyperglycemic rat heart and aorta before the development of cardiac dysfunction. The role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-derived NADPH

A process for the extraction of tervalent metal cations from 3 M HNO[sub 3] highly radioactive waste based on synergetic mixtures of dicarbollide with neutral organophosphonate (dibutyl diethylcarbamoylmethylene phosphonate) is proposed. Due to the great hydrophobicity of dicarbollide anion, the species ML[sub n[sup 3+

1994-01-01

304

Removal of noxious contaminants from gas

Increased oxidative stress is a known cause of cardiac dysfunction in animals and patients with diabetes, but the sources of reactive oxygen species [e.g., superoxide anion (O₂⁻)]...Full Text Available

2009-07-01

305

Regulation of NO₃^? Assimilation by Anion Availability in Excised Soybean Leaves

Gas contaminated with at least one noxious component, such as SO/sub 2/, HF or NOx, is scrubbed with a clear, calcium-containing, initially-basic washing liquid which also comprises the anion of a strong inorganic acid, that of a polybasic carboxylic acid and, optionally, that of a monobasic carboxylic acid. Apparatus is provided for scrubbing the gas, oxidizing produced calcium bisulfite to calcium sulfate, separating out and removing solids, and recirculating clarified liquid for scrubbing contaminated gas.

1980-09-16

306

Reactions of carbon acids and 1,3-dipoles in the presence of ionic liquids

The regulation of NO₃⁻ assimilation by xylem flux of NO₃⁻ was studied in illuminated excised leaves of soybean (Glycine max...Full Text Available

1991-06-01

307

Radioiodide uptake in brain, CSF, thyroid, and salivary glands of audiogenic seizure mice

The review is devoted to the use of ionic liquids as solvents, immobilized organocatalysts and reagents in reactions involving carbon acids and 1,3-dipoles, which are widely used to prepare practically valuable organic compounds of various classes. The characteristic features of processes in the presence of ionic liquids, the effects of the structure of cations and anions on the regio-, stereo- and enantioselectivities of reactions and methods of recovery of ionic liquids are considered.

2010-09-14

308

NMR study of aluminium chloride and lithium tetrachloroaluminate solutions in a mixed solvent of thionylchloride-methylacetate

DBA/2J (DBA) mice are susceptible to audiogenic seizures (ASs) in an age-dependent manner. Anion transport as measured by radioiodide uptake was determined in thyroid gland, salivary gland, skeletal muscle, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, and CSF from these mice at various ages. Anion transport was also determined in C57BL/6J(C57) mice, an AS-resistant strain. In thyroid, DBA mice had an enhanced ability to concentrate iodide at 21 days of age when they have maximal AS susceptibility, as compared with the same-aged C57 mice. This difference in thyroid function was less marked at 40 days of age, when DBA mice are less AS susceptible, and was absent at 110 days of age, when DBA mice are AS resistant. In brain, differences in iodide uptake were also noted between these two strains of mice at 21 days of age. DBA mice had an increased concentration of iodide in CSF, an indication that they have a defect in the transport of iodide out of the ...

1984-08-01

309

Glycolate adsorption at gold and platinum electrodes: A theoretical and in situ spectroelectrochemical study

Lithium tetrachloroaluminate solutions in thionylchloride, methylacetate and their mixtures are studied by "7Li and "2"7Al NMR. It is found that introduction of methylacetate in the LiAlCl_4-SOCl_2 system results in a change of lithium tetrachloroaluminate formation constant. In the ternary system, Li"+ is solvated by methyl-acetate after complete destruction of tetrachloroaluminate anion. Refs. 9, figs. 2.

310

Formation and stabilization of anionic metal complexes in concentrated aqueous quaternary ammonium salt solutions

The adsorption of glycolate anions at sputtered gold thin-film electrodes was studied in perchloric acid solutions by cyclic voltammetry experiments combined with in situ Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and Surface Enhanced Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy under attenuated total reflection conditions (ATR-SEIRAS). Theoretical harmonic vibrational frequencies and band intensities obtained from B3LYP/LANL2DZ,6-31+G(d) calculations for glycolate species adsorbed on Au clusters with (1 1 1) orientation were used to interpret the experimental spectra. Vibrational data confirm the bidentate bonding of glycolate anions through the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group, in a bridge configuration with the OCO plane perpendicular to the metal surface. The DFT calculations show no significant effect of the total charge of the metal cluster-adsorbate adduct on the vibrational frequencies of adsorbed glycolate species. The infrared ...

2010-02-15

311

Determination of [sup 99]Tc in sea water at ultra low levels

Anionic complexes of transition metals were stabilized in aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of various short-chain quaternary ammonium salts. Compounds with longer paraffin chains were effective in much less concentrated solution. Complex ions were detected spectrophotometrically. FeCl/sub 4//sup -/, which is usually formed in concentrated HCl, was the predominant Fe(III) complex in 30 m choline chloride containing only 0.12 M HCl. A yellow transitory Tc(VII) chloro-addition intermediate, formed in the reduction of TcO/sub 4//sup -/ by concentrated HCl, was stabilized when the solution also contained 25 m choline chloride. Its spectrum, as well as the isolation of an already known Tc(VII) bipyridyl complex, is reported. Concentrated organic electrolytes also stabilized Tc(V) oxide halides against disproportionation and Tc(IV) hexahalides against hydrolysis. Halochromates of Cr(VI) were formed and stabilized in dilute acid containing quaternary ...

1985-02-04

312

Characterization of aluminum surfaces: Sorption and etching

A method based on the collection of [sup 99]Tc from 500 l sea water samples by anion exchange and further extraction of TcO[sub 4][sup -] into 5% triisooctylamine-xylene has been improved to include a decontamination factor 6.5x10[sup 5] for uranium. The detection limit for [sup 99]Tc is thereby reduced to 3 mBq/m[sup 3].

1994-01-20

313

Alcohols as hydrogen-donor solvents for treatment of coal

Aluminum, due to its low density and low cost, is a key material for future lightweight applications. However, like other structural materials, aluminum is subject to various forms of corrosion damage that annually costs the United States approximately 5% of its GNP [1]. The main goal is to investigate the effects of various solution anions on aluminum surfaces, and specifically probe pit initiation and inhibition. Using surface analysis techniques including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, results have been correlated with those obtained from electrochemical methods and a radiolabeling technique developed in the Wieckowski laboratory. Analysis of data has indicated that important variables include type of anion, solution pH, and applied electrode potential. While aggressive anions such as chloride are usually studied to elucidate corrosion processes to work ...

2001-01-01

314

New approach for in vivo detection of insulitis in type I diabetes: activated lymphocyte targeting with "1"2"3I-labelled interleukin 2

A method for the hydroconversion of coal by solvent treatment at elevated temperatures and pressure wherein an alcohol having an alpha -hydrogen atom, particularly a secondary alcohol such as isopropanol, is utilized as a hydrogen donor solvent. In a particular embodiment, a base capable of providing a catalytically effective amount of the corresponding alcoholate anion under the solvent treatment conditions is added to catalyze the alcohol-coal reaction.

1981-11-03

315

Synthesis and tissue distribution study of iodine-labeled benzyl- and xylylamines

Insulitis is considered the histopathological hallmark of type I diabetes. In the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, diabetes has never been observed in the absence of insulitis. The in vivo detection of insulitis could be of relevance for early prediction of diabetes. As approximately 15% of islet-infiltrating lymphocytes express interleukin 2 receptors, the authors have labelled recombinant inter-leukin 2 with "1"2"3I and used this radiopharmaceutical to detect insulitis by gamma camera imaging. The authors studied 71 prediabetic NOD and 27 normal Balb/c mice. Labelled #alpha#-lactalbumin was used as the control protein. In the first set of experiments the tissue distribution of radiolabelled interleukin 2 in isolated organs from animals sacrificed at different time points was studied. Higher radioactivity was detected in the pancreas of NOD mice injected with labelled interleukin 2, as compared to NOD mice receiving ...

1994-01-01

316

Recursive neural networks for processing graphs with labelled edges: theory and applications.

Four "1"2"5I labeled mono- and diamines were prepared and evaluated as potential brain-imaging agents. The diamines are analogues of the previously reported "7"5Se labeled diamines, which show high brain uptake and retention. All of the radioiodinated amines display high initial brain uptake in rats after intravenous injection (1.7-2.4% dose/organ). The xylylenediamines show prolonged brain retention (t1/2 approximately 18 h), which is desirable for brain imaging. In contrast, the benzylamine is rapidly cleared from brain tissue (t1/2 approximately 15 min).

317

Radiopharmaceuticals labelled with positron emitting radionuclides

In this paper, we introduce a new recursive neural network model able to process directed acyclic graphs with labelled edges. The model uses a state transition function which considers the edge labels and is independent both from the number and the order of the children of each node. The computational capabilities of the new recursive architecture are assessed. Moreover, in order to test the proposed architecture on a practical challenging application, the problem of object detection in images is also addressed. In fact, the localization of target objects is a preliminary step in any recognition system. The proposed technique is general and can be applied in different detection systems, since it does not exploit any a priori knowledge on the particular problem. Some experiments on face detection, carried out on scenes acquired by an indoor camera, are reported, showing very promising results. PMID:16181770

2005-09-21

318

Radioiodinated 1-substituted-4-phenylpiperazines as potential brain imaging agents

A brief survey is presented of the methods of preparation and of the applications of radiopharmaceuticals labelled with short-lived positron radionuclides "1"1C, "1"8F, "1"3N and "1"5O which, thanks to their energy level schemes, short half-life and the 511 keV photon radiation energy are almost ideal tracers in modern nuclear medicine and pharmacology. In conjunction with computerized tomography, they represent one of the most sensitive diagnostic imaging methods, the so-called positron emission tomography. In addition, their incorporation in the molecule of a pharmaceutical does not change the biological and chemical properties of the original molecule unlike those of radiopharmaceuticals labelled with technetium, iodine, etc. (author). 125 refs.

1989-01-01

319

Kestose:sucrose fructosyl transfer - a potential problem in the investigation of fructan and sucrose metabolism

A series of four 125I-labeled 1-substituted-4-phenylpiperazines were prepared and evaluated in rats as potential brain imaging agents. The compounds were labeled using (125I)iodide/chloramine-T or iodine monochloride and isolated in 48-60% radiochemical yields. The tissue distribution studies indicated that a butyrophenone derivative demonstrated the best overall brain-imaging properties. Compared with the compounds having other 1-substituents this agent had a more prolonged retention of activity in the brain and higher brain-to-blood ratios over the 4-h period studied. The in vivo behavior of this agent is comparable to that of radioiodinated N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine, and, because it can be labeled directly via electrophilic methods, it has substantial potential for use in brain imaging with single photon emission computed tomography.

1985-01-01

320

Influence of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate salinities on photosynthetic carbon assimilation in peanut

Wheat leaves can be induced by excision to produce fructans. Fructose residues of newly made oligofructans in leaves labeled in vivo with {sup 14}CO{sub 2} are not equally labeled. We report here on a fructosyl transferase activity in wheat leaves catalyzing the reaction: G{sup *}-F{sup *} + G-F-F = G{sup *}-F{sup *}-F + G-F. This activity, described previously in J. artichoke was attributed to fructan:fructan fructosyl transferase (FFT). The rate of this reaction in vitro is much higher than that of net kestose synthesis by SST. Hence, appearance of labeled 1-kestose from sucrose may not be an accurate measure of SST, but a curious reshuffling of hexoses between pools of 1-kestose and sucrose.

1990-05-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

321

Hydrophobic labelling of membrane-embedded proteins with lipophilic reagents

The effect of NaCl and Na_2SO_4 treatments on chlorophyll content, rate of "1"4C assimilation and products of photosynthesis in peanut (Arachish hypogaea L.) variety TMV-10 has been investigated. It was observed that chlorophyll content was affected mainly by NaCl, Na_2SO_4 treatment lowered the rate of photosynthetic "1"4CO_2 fixation. The analysis of labelled products revealed that the salts affect the carbon metabolism differently. The radioactivity was found to be accumulated in fractions of sugars and sugarphosphates in the leaves of NaCl treated plants. Na_2SO_4 treatment brought about considerable decline in labelling of sugars and an increase in labelling of amino acids and sugarphosphates. (orig.).

1980-01-01

322

Explicit Randomness is not Necessary when Modeling Probabilistic Encryption

Hydrophobic labelling is frequently used in the study of membrane-inserted domains of intrinsic proteins. However, the published procedures, fail to incorporate sufficient radioactivity into membrane immunoglobulins of B lymhocytes to permit investigation of their subunit structures and associations with other proteins. In order to increase the specific radioactivity of ["1"2"5I]iodonaphtylazide ["1"2"5I]INA), an improved method for the synthesis of the reagent was developed. In addition, the optimal conditions for labelling B lymhpocytes with ["1"2"5I]INA and commercially available reagent 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(3'-["1"2"5Iliodophenyl)diazirine (["1"2"5I]TID were isolated and analysed in detail by SDS-PAGE. The usefulness of the two reagents for the investigation of lipid-embedded domains of membrane proteins is discussed. (author). 28 refs.; 4 figs.

323

Bioavailability of copper to rats from various foodstuffs and in the presence of different carbohydrates

Although good encryption functions are probabilistic, most symbolic models do not capture this aspect explicitly. A typical solution, recently used to prove the soundness of such models with respect to computational ones, is to explicitly represent the dependency of ciphertexts on random coins as labels. In order to make these label-based models useful, it seems natural to try to extend the underlying decision procedures and the implementation of existing tools. In this paper we put forth a more practical alternative based on the following soundness theorem. We prove that for a large class of security properties (that includes rather standard formulations for secrecy and authenticity properties), security of protocols in the simpler model implies security in the label-based model. Combined with the soundness result of (\\textbf{?}) our theorem enables the translation of security results in unlabeled symbolic models to ...

2006-01-01

324

Automated preparation of Re-188 lipiodol for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Copper bioavailability was studied in rats using an extrinsic Cu label. Copper absorption from sunflower seeds (46%), peanuts (41%), cooked shrimp (50%), and cooked beef (40%) was as good or better than copper sulfate (46%). Copper from plant foods (sunflower seeds, garbanzo beans, peanuts) was absorbed equally as well as copper from animal foods (beef, shrimp, chicken liver), 39 +/- 7% vs 43 +/- 7%, P greater than 0.05. There was no significant difference in percentage Cu absorption between intrinsically labeled chicken liver and extrinsically labeled chicken liver. In a second experiment, Cu absorption was measured in the presence of glucose, fructose, sucrose, or cornstarch. There were no significant differences in Cu absorption due to different carbohydrates in a single meal.

1988-01-01

325

A study of the distribution of schistosomicidal drug H-3-7505 in mice

The iodinated oil lipiodol is commonly used as a carrier for in situ delivery of drugs or radioactivity to hepatic tumors. Recently, we reported a new kit formulation for high-activity labeling of lipiodol with the {beta}-emitting radionuclide Re-188. Since the whole preparation involves different steps and complex manipulations of high-activity samples, we describe here an automated synthesis module that allows the easy preparation of sterile and pyrogen-free samples of Re-188 lipiodol ready to be administered to the patient. Important advantages include the possibility to incorporate high Re-188 activity into the lipiodol hydrophobic phase and a sharp reduction of radiation exposure of the operator assisting the labelling procedure. Application of this modular reaction system could be also extended to the preparation of other Re-188 radiopharmaceuticals and to compound labelled with different {beta}-emitting therapeutic ...

2011-02-15

326

Use of an alkaline phosphatase-labeled synthetic oligonucleotide probe for detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.

The authors have studied the distribution of H-3 labelled schistosomicidal drug in mice by autoradiography. The H-3-labelled substances were found in liver and kidney and in successfully decreasing amounts in brain, lung, heart, fat, testis, pancreas and spleen. In various cells the silver granules were present mainly in the cytoplasms but a few in the nucleus. After administration of this labelled schistosomicidal drug, the mice were killed and studied in groups successively at 4, 8, 24 hrs. No difference in the distribution of silver granules were observed. This fact indicated that, this drug was rapidly absorbed and highly concentrated with a long duration of reservation in liver. All of these favours the schistosomicidal effect of the drug. As this drug was highly concentrated in the cytoplasm of liver cells, that might provide a pathophysiologic basis for the explanation of jaundice in the clinical practice. Moreover, ...

1985-05-01

327

US EPA, Consumer Labeling Initiative Phase II Report

A commercially available synthetic nucleic acid probe (SNAP) conjugated to alkaline phosphatase was compared with standard culture techniques for detecting Campylobacter species. The SNAP was able to...Full Text Available

1990-07-01

328

The use of nitrogen isotopes in research on sheep nutrition

... NE Mall Room B-607, EPA Headquarters, 401 M ... formally adopted and initiated a joint strategy for ... CLI kick-off Partner and Task Force meeting. ...

2008-10-07

329

The functional analysis of problematic verbal behavior

Using nitrogen-13 initial measurements have been made of rumen ammonia-nitrogen pool size and turnover, and rate of incorporation of ammonia into microbial protein. It is also feasible to measure the rate of incorporation of absorbed ammonia into urea and the appearance of label in saliva.

1985-08-26

330

The Metabolism of the Germinating Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Seedling 1

This study describes procedures and outcomes in a functional analysis of problem behavior of 2 public school students. For a 13-year-old honors student, bizarre tacts (labeled as psychotic speech by...Full Text Available

2002-01-01

331

Systems-level analysis of microbial community organization through combinatorial labeling and spectral imaging

The metabolism of ¹⁴C-labeled fatty acids and triacylglycerols was followed in intact germinating oil palm seedlings as well as in tissue slices. In the germinating seedling, the shoot contained...Full Text Available

1983-12-01

332

Synthesis of Rh[16aneS4-diol]"2"1"1At and Ir[16aneS4-diol]"2"1"1At complexes - possibly new precursors for labelling with astatine

Microbes in nature frequently function as members of complex multitaxon communities, but the structural organization of these communities at the micrometer level is poorly understood because of limitations...Full Text Available

2011-03-08

333

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B: Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay

... Technology; Warsaw (Poland) 978-83-909690-8-4 221 p. RADIOLOGY AND

2008-09-15

334

Selective Degradation of Newly Synthesized Nonmessenger Simian Virus 40 Transcripts

An immunoassay employing ¹²⁵I-labeled enterotoxin B and polystyrene tubes coated with specific antibody was used for assaying purified and crude enterotoxin. Antibody was adsorbed to untreated...Full Text Available

1971-11-01

335

Regional Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Gadolinium-labeled Albumin in the Rat Hippocampus In Vivo

By pretreating simian virus 40-infected BSC-1 cells with glucosamine, [³H]uridine labeling of both cellular and viral RNA can be halted instantaneously by addition of cold uridine. We have...Full Text Available

1978-11-01

336

Receptor Binding Sites and Antigenic Epitopes on the Fiber Knob of Human Adenovirus Serotype 3

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has emerged as a promising method of targeted drug-delivery for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders, but the influence of brain structure on infusate...Full Text Available

2010-03-15

337

Radiolabeling of oligofructans with CO sub 2 in excised wheat leaves

The adenovirus fiber knob causes the first step in the interaction of adenovirus with cell membrane receptors. To obtain information on the receptor binding site(s), the interaction of labeled cell...Full Text Available

1998-11-01

338

Radioisotopic techniques for noninvasive detection of platelet deposition in bovine-tissue mitral-valve prostheses and in vitro quantification of visceral microembolism in dogs

The authors studied the flow of carbon ({sup 14}C) from CO{sub 2} through sucrose to oligofructans in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves that had been induced by excision to accumulate fructan. Leaves were either labeled for 30 min and then chased in ambient air for 2 h or labeled continuously for 2 h. Fructans were chromatographed on BioGel P2 column. During continuous labeling, the specific activity was highest in sucrose and decreased for fructans with DP 3 to 5, and each increased linearly with time for 2 h. During the chase period, sucrose specific activity increased for 60 min and then declined while oligofructans gained in specific activity through the 2 h period. After 30 min of labeling, the specific activity of fructose moiety of sucrose was equal to glucose but, in oligofructans, those of the individual fructose units were not. The results may provide insight into the fructosyl ...

1989-04-01

339

Production of dissolved DNA, RNA, and protein by microbial populations in a Florida reservoir.

Platelet deposition on bovine pericardial-tissue mitral-valve prostheses in 11 dogs was observed noninvasively by use of "1"1"1In-labeled platelets and quantified after sacrifice at one (n . 3), 14 (n . 3), and 30 (n . 5) days postimplantation (300-400 microCi of labeled platelets having been injected 24 hours previously). Thrombosis on the sewing ring and pericardial leaflets at one and 14 days and on the leaflets at 30 days was delineated in scintiphotos. In vitro quantification (% injected dose) indicated that the leaflets, sewing ring, and perivalvular tissue retained 0.904% of labeled platelets at one day postimplantation, 0.198% at 14 days, and 0.040% at 30 days. Platelet half-life was reduced to 38 hours at 21 days postimplantation but returned toward the normal (50 hours) with fibrous ingrowth in the sewing ring. Microembolism in lung and kidney, as measured by tissue/blood radioactivity ratio, also was decreased ...

340

Prediction of Skin Sensitization with a Particle Swarm Optimized Support Vector Machine

Production of dissolved macromolecules by ambient autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial populations was measured in a eutrophic Florida reservoir by in situ labeling with various radioactive substrates....Full Text Available

1990-10-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

341

Photoaffinity-labeled Cytokinins

Skin sensitization is the most commonly reported occupational illness, causing much suffering to a wide range of people. Identification and labeling of environmental allergens is urgently required to...Full Text Available

342

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of zibotentan (ZD4054) in subjects with hepatic or renal impairment: two open-label comparative studies

Two new azidopurine derivatives, 2-azido-N⁶-(Δ²-isopentenyl)adenine and 2-azido-N⁶-benzyladenine, have been synthesized as...Full Text Available

1976-12-01

343

Nitrogen-15-labeled deoxynucleosides. 3. Synthesis of (3- sup 15 N)-2 prime -deoxyadenosine

BackgroundZibotentan (ZD4054) is a specific endothelin A (ET_A) receptor antagonist being investigated for the treatment of prostate cancer. As zibotentan is eliminated...Full Text Available

344

Mitochondrial transmission during mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is determined by mitochondrial fusion and fission and the intramitochondrial segregation of mitochondrial DNA.

The synthesis of (3-{sup 15}N)-labeled adenine has been reported by several groups. Each of these syntheses followed essentially the same route, in which the {sup 15}N is introduced by nitration of 4-bromoimidazole under forcing conditions using ({sup 15}N)-HNO{sub 3}. The authors have devised an alternate route which uses an azo coupling reaction for introduction of the {sup 15}N and proceeds through the intermediacy of (5-{sup 15}N)-labeled 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICA). An unrelated route to the (5-{sup 15}N)-labeled 5-amino-imidazole ribonucleoside (AIRs) was recently reported. AICA is a versatile precursor, which is most commonly used for entry into the guanine or isoguanine families, although it is usually used as the AICA-riboside rather than the heterocycle itself. The authors have found that AICA also can be used for the adenine family by cyclization to hypoxanthine using diethoxymethyl acetate in DMF at ...

1990-10-24

345

Metabolic labeling and direct imaging of choline phospholipids in vivo

To gain insight into the process of mitochondrial transmission in yeast, we directly labeled mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and observed their fate after the fusion of two cells....Full Text Available

1997-07-01

346

Labeled lines meet and talk: population coding of somatic sensations

Choline (Cho)-containing phospholipids are the most abundant phospholipids in cellular membranes and play fundamental structural as well as regulatory roles in cell metabolism and signaling. Although...Full Text Available

2009-09-08

347

Labeled Products and Our Partners | Design for the Environment...

The somatic sensory system responds to stimuli of distinct modalities, including touch, pain, itch, and temperature sensitivity. In the past century, great progress has been made in understanding the...Full Text Available

2010-11-01

348

Intrinsic Factor-mediated Absorption of Cobalamin by Guinea Pig Ileal Cells

choice Charlotte NC *ecosential for smooth cooktops 2010 Jelmar, LLC Skokie IL CLR Cooktop Cleaner 2004 LotusLand Products, LLC Dallas TX *Believe -- BeSpicy Oven and Grill...

2011-08-18

349

Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia refractory to carbamazepine: a study protocol[ISRCTN33042138

To investigate the fate of intrinsic factor and cobalamin during cobalamin absorption, we incubated enterocytes isolated from guinea pig ileum for periods of up to 30 min with ⁵⁷Co-labeled...Full Text Available

1983-03-01

350

In vitro labeling of blood constituents with Technetium-"9"9"m : a comparative study of the effects of aqueous extracts from passion fruit peel (Passiflora edisol F. flavicarpa) and erva-doce (Pimpinella anisium)

BackgroundWe have recently reported successful treatment of patients with chronic pain syndromes using human pooled intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in a prospective, open-label...Full Text Available

351

Improved DNA Sequencing Accuracy and Detection of Heterozygous Alleles Using Manganese Citrate and Different Fluorescent Dye Terminators

Portuguese 2006 1 p. Brazil Rebello, BM Florentino, DM Godinho, CR

2006-08-23

352

Identification of sucrose binding, membrane proteins using a photolyzable sucrose analog. [P. saccharophila

The use of dideoxynucleotide triphosphates labeled with different fluorescent dyes (dye terminators) is the most versatile method for automated DNA sequencing. However, variation in peak heights reduces...Full Text Available

1999-06-01

353

Fibroblast cell population kinetics in the mouse molar periodontal ligament and tooth eruption.

The sucrose derivative 6'-deoxy-6'-(2-hydroxy-4-azido)benzamidosucrose (6'-HABS) was prepared from sucrose (via 6'-deoxy-6'-aminosucrose) and 4-amino-salicylic acid. 6'-HABS is a competitive inhibitor of sucrose influx into protoplasts from developing soybean cotyledons and of sucrose binding to membranes from the bacteria P. saccharophila. The Ki for inhibition in the soybean protoplasts was 75..mu..M. 6'-Deoxy-6'-(2-hydroxy-3-/sup 125/Iodo-4-azido)benzamidosucrose was prepared by lactoperoxidase iodination of 6'-HABS. Upon photolysis in the presence of membranes from P saccharophila, label from the photoprobe is incorporated into a sucrose inducible polypeptide of mass 84 KD in SDS-PAGE. The polypeptide is protected from labeling by the inclusion of sucrose in the photolysis mixture. Photolysis conditions which lead to specific labeling of ...

1986-04-01

354

Evaluation of solid phase system in radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine (Preprint No. RA.24)

Fibroblast cell population kinetics in the developing molar periodontal ligament was investigated in 10, 12, 16 and 20 days old mice by autoradiography after the administration of [3H]thymidine. Labelled...Full Text Available

1981-09-01

355

Evaluation of ¹³C isotopic tracers for metabolic flux analysis in mammalian cells

This paper describes the evaluation of antibody coated polystyrene beads using "1"2"5I-labelled T_3 ("1"2"5I-T_3). (author).

356

Effects of the purple cashew tree lectin on the Tc-99 m labelled adipocyte cells; Efeito da lectina da entrecasca do cajueiro roxo na marcacao de celulas adipocitas com tecnecio-99m

¹³C metabolic flux analysis (MFA) is the most comprehensive means of characterizing cellular metabolic states. Uniquely labeled isotopic tracers enable more focused analyses to probe...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

357

Effect of nutrition conditions and 2M-4Kh herbicide on utilization of N"1"5-labelled fertilizer nitrogen by fiber-flax

No abstract prepared.

1999-07-01

358

Does the history of food energy units suggest a solution to "Calorie confusion"?

Russian (1972). USSR Bagaev, VB Abueva, AA (no.188) p. 137-143.

359

Detection and enumeration of toxin-producing Pasteurella multocida with a colony-blot assay.

The Calorie (kcal) of present U.S. food labels is similar to the original French definition of 1825. The original published source (now available on the internet) defined the Calorie as the quantity...Full Text Available

360

Comparison of intrinsic and extrinsic tracer methods for estimating calcium bioavailability to rats from dairy foods

Colonies of toxin-producing Pasteurella multocida were detected with peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibodies by a membrane assay. Examination of the specificity of the assay with 29 P. multocida cultures...Full Text Available

1991-07-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

361

Comparison between internal microviscosity of low-density erythrocytes and the microviscosity of hemoglobin solutions: an electron paramagnetic resonance study.

Dairy products doubly labeled with 45Ca and 47Ca were used to evaluate an extrinsic labeling procedure for calcium bioavailability determination. Nonfat milk, yogurt, and fresh cheese curd were prepared from caprine milk that was intrinsically labeled with 45Ca. The products were then labeled extrinsically with 47Ca and administered to rats by gavage. The 47Ca to 45Ca ratio in bone and teeth averaged about 1.00 with either milk, yogurt, or CaCl2, but the ratio was about 1.04 when dosed with cheese curd. Ca absorption, determined by whole-body counting of 47Ca, was lower (P less than 0.05) in cheese curd (59%) than in either milk (69%), yogurt (72%), or CaCl2 (72%). Expressed as percent of dose, the absorption of 47Ca was highly correlated with bone 47Ca (r = 0.973) and with bone 45Ca (r = 0.946). Correlation between tibia 47Ca and tibia 45Ca was r = 0.923. For the dairy products tested, our results ...

362

Comparative Inhibitory Effects of Antigen and Antibody in the Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay System

The hypothesis that the internal viscosity of erythrocytes is governed by the intracellular hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is examined. Here viscosity is determined by labeling of the cytoplasmic reduced...Full Text Available

1996-07-01

363

Cloning and expression of recombinant, functional ricin B chain.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay employing ¹²⁵I-labeled enterotoxins and polystyrene tubes coated with specific antibody has been developed for assaying the relative concentrations of antibodies...Full Text Available

1975-06-01

364

Cerebral scintigraphy--the phoenix rises again.

The cDNA encoding the B chain of the plant toxin ricin has been cloned and expressed in monkey kidney COS-M6 cells. The recombinant B chain was detected by labeling the transfected cells with [35S]methionine...Full Text Available

1987-08-01

365

Cardiovascular Safety of Degarelix: Results From a 12-Month, Comparative, Randomized, Open Label, Parallel Group Phase III Trial in Patients With Prostate Cancer

This paper reviews the development of cerebral scintigraphy from its early days of planar imaging with simple technetium-99m labelled compounds to the recent revival of the technique in the form of...Full Text Available

1988-01-01

366

Calculating Radiation Exposures during Use of ¹⁴C-Labeled Nutrients, Food Components, and Biopharmaceuticals To Quantify Metabolic Behavior in Humans

PurposeWe assessed the cardiovascular safety profile of degarelix, a new gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist.Materials...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

367

Biotin-labeled hairpin oligonucleotides: probes to detect double-strand breaks in DNA in apoptotic cells.

¹⁴C has long been used as a tracer for quantifying the in...Full Text Available

2010-04-28

368

An outbreak of illness among aerospace workers.

Hairpin oligonucleotides were synthesized with stems ending in a double-stranded structure, which can be ligated to double-strand breaks in DNA, and with loops that contain nucleotides modified by the...Full Text Available

1998-04-01

369

Amino acid analysis at the picomole level. Application to the C-terminal sequence analysis of polypeptides.

A multispecialty panel of physicians evaluated a case series of 53 composite-materials workers in a large aircraft manufacturing facility who filed workers' compensation claims for illness labeled by...Full Text Available

1990-07-01

370

cDNA cloning, sequence analysis and organ distribution of horse preproendothelin-2.

Amino acids labelled with dimethylaminoazobenzenesulphonyl chloride can be separated by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and detected in the visible region (436 nm). All 19 naturally...Full Text Available

1981-12-01

371

Studies on localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the thyroid-parathyroid complex.

We cloned and characterized horse preproendothelin-2 (PPET-2) cDNA from intestinal tissue. The cDNA encoded 178 amino acids of the PPET-2 polypeptide, in which a 21-amino-acid mature endothelin-2 peptide and a 16-amino acid endothelin-2-like peptide were found. For the open reading frame the correspondence of horse PPET-2 cDNA with those of the ferret, human, dog, mouse and rat was 85.1%, 84.9%, 82.1%, 77.8% and 77.2%, respectively. Analysis of the organ distribution of PPET-2 mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the kidney, stomach and small intestine are major sites of expression of the PPET-2 gene. Surprisingly, the mRNA is not detected in the large intestine, where high expression is demonstrated in the mouse and rat. This difference may result from the underlying functional differences of the large intestine between a herbivore (horse) and an omnivore (mouse and rat). PMID:15838341

2004-11-01

372

Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor heterogeneity and effects on cyclic GMP accumulation

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was localized by an immunocytochemical technique in the thyroid-parathyroid complexes of rat, guinea pig, rabbit, and in normal human thyroids and parathyroids. Human medullary carcinomas and parathyroid adenomas were also studied. In man and all animal species examined CGRP was present in the parafollicular cell, however, in guinea pigs only in small amounts. Except in rabbits, presence of CGRP was demonstrated in nerves of the thyroid and parathyroid capsule as well as in the nerve fibers of the capsular blood vessels. In the thyroid of guinea pigs CGRP was also noted in nerve fibers and in blood vessel walls between follicles. CGRP was also present in the parathyroid glands of rat and man, in nerve fibers localized between parathyroid cells. In rabbit the parafollicular cells between parathyroid cells also expressed CGRP immunoreactivity. No CGRP was noted in the parathyroids of the guinea pig. The proximity of parathyroid ...

1987-01-01

373

A CD33-specific single-chain immunotoxin mediates potent apoptosis of cultured human myeloid leukaemia cells.

The effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) on guanylate cyclase activity and cyclic GMP accumulation were examined, since these hormones appear to be intimately associated with blood pressure and intravascular volume homeostasis. ANP was found to increase cyclic GMP accumulation in ten cell culture systems, which were derived from blood vessels, adrenal cortex, kidney, lung, testes and mammary gland. ANP receptors were characterized in intact cultured cells using {sup 125}I-ANP{sub 8-33}. Specific {sup 125}I-ANP binding was saturable and of high affinity. Scratchard analysis of the binding data for all cell types exhibited a straight line, indicating that these cells possessed a single class of binding sites. Despite the presence of linear Scatchard plots, these studies demonstrated that cultured cells possess two functionally and physically distinct ANP-binding sites. Most of the ANP-binding sites in cultured cells have a ...

1988-01-01

374

The role of the United States Food Safety and Inspection Service after the Chernobyl accident

A novel single-chain immunotoxin was constructed by combining a CD33-specific single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragment with an engineered variant of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA). The variant toxin carries the KDEL peptide at its C-terminus, a cellular peptide mediating improved retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum. The purified recombinant fusion protein induced potent apoptosis of the human myeloid cell lines U937, HL-60 and THP-1. Up to 98% of U937 cells were eliminated after treatment for 72 h with a single dose of 500 ng/ml (c. 7 nmol/l). Killing was antigen-specific and occurred by apoptosis. A control protein, consisting of a CD19-specific scFv antibody fragment fused to the ETA-KDEL toxin, failed to induce death of the CD19-negative cell lines U937, HL-60 and THP-1. The CD33-ETA toxin also mediated apoptosis of fresh patient-derived acute myeloid leukaemia cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood. The pronounced ...

2006-04-01

375

The "9"9Tc"m-labelling of diamino-dithiol complexes as brain imaging agents and preliminary biodistribution

The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) inspects domestic and imported meat and poultry food products to assure the public that they are safe, wholesome, not economically adulterated and properly labeled. The Service also monitors the activities of meat and poultry plants and related activities in allied industries, and establishes standards and approves labels for meat and poultry products. As part of its responsibility, shortly after the Chernobyl accident occurred, FSIS developed a plan to assess this accident's impact on domestically produced and imported meat and poultry

1989-09-01

376

Syntheses of all singly labeled (/sup 15/N)adenines: mass spectral fragmentation of adenine

Six kinds of diamino-dithiol compounds are labelled with "9"9Tc"m by ligands exchange reaction. Their ligands exchange percentage is over 95%. The biodistribution of one of these compounds in mice shows 0.88% brain uptake after two minutes and 0.28% after 15 minutes respectively. Although the brain uptake is lower for this compound, it has longer retention in brain. So, the experiment results are valuable to the design of new brain imaging agent in the future.

377

Rapid preparation of pyrogen-free 2H2(18)O for human-nutrition studies

Syntheses of all five of the singly labeled (/sup 15/N)adenines are now provided. The presence or absence of two-bond /sup 15/N-/sup 1/H spin couplings in their /sup 1/H NMR spectra confirm the location of the isotope in each case. The fragmentation patterns in their mass spectra are indicative of the sequential losses of HCN units and of CH/sub 2/N/sub 2/ from adenine upon electron impact.

1981-07-01

378

Preparation of [[sup 131]I]lipiodol as a hepatoma therapeutic agent

We describe a compact ultrafiltration system for the removal of pyrogens and bacteria from water labeled with the stable isotopes of deuterium and oxygen-18. The ultrafiltration system is constructed from readily available commercial components and can achieve complete removal of pyrogens and bacteria from 1L contaminated water within 30 min. By use of our procedure, loss of the isotopically labeled water by retention in the filtration system was minimal. The purified water is suitable for both oral and intravenous administration to healthy human subjects participating in nutrition studies.

379

Preparation of 17-amino-22-(4'-azido-3'-"1"2"5iodophenacyl)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (1): an ansamycin for photoaffinity labeling

An isotopic exchange method was used to label lipiodol with [sup 131]I. The labelling efficiency was > 92.5%, and the radiochemical purity of [[sup 131]I]lipiodol was above 98% as determined by ITLC. The influencing factors e.g. the heating temperature, reaction, pH and storage conditions were studied and the optimum conditions were determined. In a pilot study injecting [[sup 131]I]lipiodol for the treatment of hepatoma, about 70% of hepatoma patients had a response to the treatment with a reduction of [alpha]-fetoprotein and decrease of hepatoma sizes. The overall median survival was 9 months (range 2-17 months). (author).

1992-12-01

380

Preparation of 17-amino-22-(4'-azido-3'-[sup 125]iodophenacyl)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (1): an ansamycin for photoaffinity labeling

An azido-"1"2"5iodo-ansamycin (1) in the geldanamycin family was prepared in two steps in one reaction vessel from 17-amino-22-(4'-aminophenacyl)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (3). The title compound was suitable for photoaffinity labeling proteins that interacted with ansamycins. An alternative synthesis is reported for preparation of unlabeled title compound in order to afford practical amounts of (1) for conventional biochemical studies. (Author).

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

381

Osmoregulation in methanogens. Progress report, May 15, 1991--January 15, 1993

An azido-[sup 125]iodo-ansamycin (1) in the geldanamycin family was prepared in two steps in one reaction vessel from 17-amino-22-(4'-aminophenacyl)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (3). The title compound was suitable for photoaffinity labeling proteins that interacted with ansamycins. An alternative synthesis is reported for preparation of unlabeled title compound in order to afford practical amounts of (1) for conventional biochemical studies. (Author).

1994-06-01

382

Osmoregulation in methanogens

Our major goal of our work has been to develop and use NMR techniques to study how methanogenic archaebacteria deal with osmotic stress with the hope of providing insights into increasing the salt tolerance of other cells. The project has three main sections: (i) in vivo studies of methanogens; (ii) use of {sup l3}C- and {sup l5}N- labeled potential precursors and in vitro analyses of specific label uptake for elucidation of osmolyte dynamics and biosynthetic pathways of osmolytes in these organisms, and isolation of key biosynthetic enzymes; and (iii) collaborative studies on identification of organic solutes in other methanogens.

1993-01-01

383

Employment of /sup 203/Pb isotoic solution without a carrier for erythrocyte tracing

Our major goal of our work has been to develop and use NMR techniques to study how methanogenic archaebacteria deal with osmotic stress with the hope of providing insights into increasing the salt tolerance of other cells. The project has three main sections: (i) in vivo studies of methanogens; (ii) use of [sup l3]C- and [sup l5]N- labeled potential precursors and in vitro analyses of specific label uptake for elucidation of osmolyte dynamics and biosynthetic pathways of osmolytes in these organisms, and isolation of key biosynthetic enzymes; and (iii) collaborative studies on identification of organic solutes in other methanogens.

1993-01-01

384

Vibrational Circular Dichroism: A developing spectroscopic technique for peptide and protein conformational studies

Possibilities of applying the Pb/sup 203/ isotonic solution without a carrier as a label of blood erythrocytes, are found. There is a number of advantages in the Pb/sup 203/ isotonic solution without a carrier, such as a high label efficiency (above 95%), a short half-life (52 hours), and a low radiation dose. These factors prove to be favourable as compared with Cr/sup 51/ widely used for these purposes. Besides, of all preparations used up to now to treat erythrocytes and to scan the spleen, it is only in the case of Pb/sup 203/ isotonic solution without a carrier that no weight amounts of chemical substances do not enter the organism.

1981-08-01

385

Enzymatic synthesis of N- and O-linked glycopeptides

Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) of the n-#pi# and #pi# -#pi# transitions of the amide groups in the ultraviolet has become an indispensable tool for qualitative characterization of proteins in solution. Since the existence of such a spectrum (that is, of natural optical activity) comes from the three dimensional interaction of the chromophores in the molecule, CD is exquisitely sensitive to molecular conformation. However, in proteins, the amide transitions available in the near UV are limited in number and are broads and overlapping. Interactions among them yield information about the polymeric backbone, but since such amide electronic excitation are relatively delocalized, the resulting

1996-11-01

386

Variation in the binding of /sup 125/I-labeled interferon-beta ser to cellular receptors during growth of human renal and bladder carcinoma cells in vitro

This paper describes the study of kinetically controlled enzymatic coupling of N- and O-glycopeptide fragments using subtilisin BPN' and two of its variants developed for use in high concentrations of dimethylformamide and in aqueous solution, respectively. Glycosyl amino acids were exploited as the P[sub 1], P[sub 2], P[sub 3], P'[sub 1], P'[sub 2], or P'[sub 3] residue in the enzymatic coupling. Glycosyltransferase-mediated glycosylation of the glycopeptide fragments obtained prior to or after enzymatic peptide bond formation is demonstrated. 19 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

1993-07-14

387

Relationship of doxorubicin- and radiation-induced apoptosis with Ki-67 labeling index in human tumors in vivo

Studies of various established human bladder and renal carcinoma cell lines cultured in vitro demonstrated the presence of specific, saturable, high affinity binding sites for /sup 125/I-labeled human interferon Beta ser IFN-beta ser). This recombinant produced interferon labeled with approximately one atom of /sup 125/I/molecule of IFN expressed minimal or no loss of antiviral activity. A single class of binding sites (1000-2000/cell) with an affinity constant of 10(10)-10(11) L/M was measured at 4 degrees C for cells exhibiting widely different sensitivity to the antiproliferative effect of IFN-beta ser. Major fluctuations in the binding of /sup 125/I-labeled IFN-beta ser to cellular receptors were observed during in vitro proliferation of four of five cell lines examined. A significant decrease (P less than 0.001) in specific binding was observed 48 h after cultures were established. Cell cycle analysis suggested that ...

1987-09-01

388

Radiation dosimetry of "1"1"1In-oxinate labelled leucocytes

In the use of doxorubicin and radiation for treatment of human malignant tumors in vivo, the relationship between treatment-induced apoptosis and Ki-67 labeling index was investigated. Four human tumor xenografts (ependymoblastoma, NNE; primitive neuroectodermal tumor, YKP; small cell lung carcinoma, GLS; glioblastoma, KYG) were transplanted under the skin of thigh of the nude mice (BALB/cA JcL-nu). The mice were given a single radiation dose of 1 Gy, or doxorubicin alone intraperitoneally at a dose of 8 mg/kg. After treatment, sections of tumor specimens were prepared from paraffin-embedded tissues. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, TUNEL staining, and immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 were performed. In NNE, apoptotic cells appeared most frequently after treatment compared with all other tumors, and the incidence of apoptosis in the radiation-treated group was much higher than in the doxorubicintreated group. As the incidence of apoptosis in NNE increased, the ...

1999-11-01

389

Preparation of a high specific activity I-125 labeled styryl dye for leukocyte membrane labeling

The patients studied were referred for routine abscess localization with indium-111 labelled autologous leukocytes. One series (n=15) was studied at 1 day after reinjection of labelled cells and a second series (n=9) was studied between 4 hours and 4 days after reinjection of labelled cells. The leukocytes were isolated by a gravity sedimentation method and labelled with In-111 oxinate according to Roevekamp and co-workers. The labelled cell suspension administered to the patient contained between 11 and 15 MegaBq (300-400 microCi). The indium-111 concentration in the liver and spleen was quantitated using a scintillation camera and an on-line computer system. Phantom studies were carried out to obtain conversion factors from geometric mean counts to MegaBq of activity for both liver and spleen. Once determined, the amount of activity in liver and spleen was corrected for physical ...

1982-06-25

390

Internalized insulin-receptor complexes are unidirectionally translocated to chloroquine-sensitive degradative sites. Dependence on metabolic energy

The purpose of this work was to develop a high specific activity radioiodinated cell membrane probe for tracking lymphocytes in-vivo to replace the nucleus localizing, cytotoxic lipophilic chelates (In-111 oxine and Tc-99m HMPAO) currently used. Alkylation of parent dye 4-[2-[-N,N-didecylamino]phenyl]ethenyl pyridine with E-1-tributylstannyl-3-tosylpropene (prepared form E-1-tributylstannyl-1-propene-3-ol), gave a tributyltin precursor 1. Radiolabeled 3-[4-[2-[4-(N,N-didecylamino)phenyl]ethenyl]pyridino] E-[I-125]-1-iodopropene (2), was prepared from 1 using peracetic acid in acetonitrile/water. Labeling yields and specific activities achieved were 26% (#approx#2170 Ci/mmol), 40% (1220 Ci/mmol), and 55% (200 Ci/mmol) for nca, 0.4, and 2 nanomole carrier iodide runs respectively. Canine mixed leukocytes (0.5-1.0 x 10"8 cells) were labeled with 2 (67% and 42% yields for 200 Ci/mol and 1220 Ci/mmol preparations) and showed blood clearance similar ...

1994-08-21

391

Effects of different concentrations of Maytenus ilicifolia (Espinheira Santa) on labelling of red blood cells and blood proteins with Technetium-99m

Insulin receptors on the surface of isolated rat adipocytes were photoaffinity labeled at 12 degrees C with the iodinated photoreactive insulin analogue, 125I-B2 (2-nitro-4-azidophenylacetyl)-des-PheB1-insulin, and the pathways in the intracellular processing of the labeled receptors were studied at 37 degrees C. During 37 degrees C incubations, the labeled 440-kDa insulin receptors were continuously internalized (as assessed by trypsin inaccessibility) and degraded such that up to 50% of the initially labeled receptors were lost by 120 min. Metabolic poisons (0.125-0.75 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and 1-10 mM NaF), which led to dose-dependent depletion of adipocyte ATP pools, inhibited receptor loss, and caused up to 3-fold increase in intracellular receptor accumulation. This effect was due to inhibition of intracellular receptor degradation, and there was no apparent effect of the metabolic poisons on ...

1988-04-25

392

Assessment of bone formation and bone resorption in osteoporosis: a comparison between tetracycline-based iliac histomorphometry and whole body /sup 85/Sr kinetics

The use of natural products in all over the world has been increased in Brazil as well as in other countries. Maytenus ilicifolia is commonly used in popular medicine. The labeling of red blood cells (RBC) with technetium-99m ("9"9"m Tc) have been for many studies in nuclear medicine. This labeling procedure depends on a reducing agent and stannous chloride is normally used. Here, we investigate if the extract of Maytenus ilicifolia is capable to alter the labeling of RBC and blood proteins with "9"9"m Tc. Blood samples were incubated with Maytenus ilicifolia. Stannous chloride solution and Tc-99m were. Blood was centrifuged and plasma (P) and blood cells (C) were isolated. Samples of P or C were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid, centrifuged and IF and IF were separated. The percentage of radioactivity (% ATI) in C, IF-P and IF-C was calculated. The %ATI in decreased in C from 93.6#+-#2.3 to 29.0#+-#2.7, on FI-P from ...

393

The Structure of the Amyloid-[beta] Peptide High-Affinity Copper II Binding Site in Alzheimer Disease

Bone formation and resorption have been measured in patients with idiopathic osteoporosis by histomorphometry of 7.5-mm trephine biopsies and in the whole body by 85Sr radiotracer methodology and calcium balances. The studies were synchronized and most were preceded by double in vivo tetracycline labeling. Correlations between histological and kinetic bone formation indices were better when better when based on the extent of double tetracycline labels than on measurements of osteoid by visible light microscopy. Correction of the kinetic data for long-term exchange, using 5 months' serial whole body counting of retained 85Sr, improved the fit of the kinetic to the histological data. A statistical analysis of the measurement uncertainties showed that the residual scatter in the best correlations (between exchange-corrected bone formation rates and double-labeled osteoid surface indices) could be attributed to ...

1987-12-01

394

Positioning of the Alzheimer A{beta}(1-40) peptide in SDS micelles using NMR and paramagnetic probes

Neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer disease (AD) is believed to be related to the toxicity from reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the brain by the amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) protein bound primarily to copper ions. The evidence for an oxidative stress role of A{beta}-Cu redox chemistry is still incomplete. Details of the copper binding site in A{beta} may be critical to the etiology of AD. Here we present the structure determined by combining x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and density functional theory analysis of A{beta} peptides complexed with Cu{sup 2+} in solution under a range of buffer conditions. Phosphate-buffered saline buffer salt (NaCl) concentration does not affect the high-affinity copper binding mode but alters the second coordination sphere. The XAS spectra for truncated and full-length A{beta}-Cu{sup 2+} peptides are similar. The novel distorted six-coordinated (3N3O) geometry around copper in the A{beta}-Cu{sup ...

2008-11-03

395

Treatment of acid-effluent by diffusion-dialysis and acid-retardation. Kakusan tosekiho, acid retardation ho ni yoru haisan no shori

NMR spectroscopy combined with paramagnetic relaxation agents was used to study the positioning of the 40-residue Alzheimer Amyloid {beta}-peptide A{beta}(1-40) in SDS micelles. 5-Doxyl stearic acid incorporated into the micelle or Mn{sup 2+} ions in the aqueous solvent were used to determine the position of the peptide relative to the micelle geometry. In SDS solvent, the two {alpha}-helices induced in A{beta}(1-40), comprising residues 15-24, and 29-35, respectively, are surrounded by flexible unstructured regions. NMR signals from these unstructured regions are strongly attenuated in the presence of Mn{sup 2+} showing that these regions are positioned mostly outside the micelle. The central helix (residues 15-24) is significantly affected by 5-doxyl stearic acid however somewhat less for residues 16, 20, 22 and 23. This {alpha}-helix therefore resides in the SDS headgroup region with the face with residues 16, 20, 22 and 23 directed away ...

2007-09-15

396

Studies on the Evolution of Silver Nanoparticles in Micelle by UV-Photoactivation

Recently, in various production engineering of inorganic chemistry system, a large quantity of acids such as nitric acid and hydrocholoric acid have been used, the examples that acid and slats with high concentration are included in the sewer, treatment technique of acid-effluent in the sewer has been known as the diffusion-dialysis, acid-retardation using anion exchange resin. In this report, treatment and properties of acid-effluent recovery and effect of a coexisting slat by the diffusion-dialysis and acid retardation were compared. In the acid retardation, the concentration beyond the solution system can be recovered when the flow interval between waste acid and water was selected appropriately. In the diffusion-dialysis, it has a tendency that rate of recovery was low in the week acid. However, even in the case of which metal irons form complex anion, it is possible that acid and slat were separated well. 7 refs., 11 figs., 2 tabs.

1992-03-10

397

Photoelectron spectroscopy study of the inhibition of mild steel corrosion by molybdate and nitrite anions

Ultraviolet (UV) photoirradiation of Ag(I) compounds in the presence of an aqueous Triton X-100 solution has been exploited for the first time to prepare reproducible yellow silver hydrosol. The evolution of nanosized silver particles has been examined critically under the influence of different anions/ligands. Hence, time dependent evolution of silver hydrosol from different silver compounds in micelle via photochemical reduction is observed. Anions/ligands of precursor salts have been found to show profound influence (due to electron scavenging property, solubility, stability etc.) on the evolution route and efficiency of photochemical reduction of Ag(I) to Ag(O) in micelle and thereby classification of silver compounds becomes possible. Kinetic results reveal that the formation of silver particles proceeds via autocatalytic growth mechanism. The observed variation in rate constant values for the evolution of nanoparticles from different ...

2003-12-15

398

Photochemistry on surfaces. 2. Intermolecular electron transfer on colloidal alumina-coated silica particles

Passive films formed on mild steel in aqueous 8.6 mM NaCl solutions (pH 8), containing either MoO{sub 4}{sup 2-} or NO{sub 2}{sup -}, have been studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For either anion these films are {approx}5 nm deep, and the primary chemical state of iron is Fe{sup 3+}. Following exposure to MoO{sub 4}{sup 2-}, the film consists of a sub-layer ({approx}4.1 nm) composed largely of ferric oxide/hydroxide, overlaid by Fe{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} ({approx}0.6 nm). As regards NO{sub 2}{sup -}, spectra are consistent with the film being closely related to {gamma}-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Furthermore, a reduction product of NO{sub 2}{sup -}, potentially N{sub 2}, is present, displaying a depth profile comparable to that of molybdate.

2010-02-15

399

Improvement of leaching characteristics of TOC from condensate demineralizers

Reductive quenching of two photoexcited ruthenium(II) complexes by an anionic electron donor, 2,2{prime}-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS{sup 2{minus}}), in aqueous solution was examined by laser flash photolysis before and after adding positively charged colloidal (250-{angstrom} diameter) alumina-coated silica particles. The kinetics and quantum yields of electron transfer with an anionic sensitizer, RuL{sub 3}{sup 4{minus}} (L = bathophenanthroline disulfonate), and a cationic one, Ru(bpy){sub 3}{sup 2+} (bpy = 2,2{prime}-bipyridine), were compared. Coadsorption of ABTS{sup 2{minus}} and RuL{sub 3}{sup 4{minus}} by the particles greatly enhanced the rate of quenching such that only the reaction occurring on the surfaces of the particles was observed. Electron transfer from ABTS{sup 2{minus}} to RuL{sub 3}{sup 4-*} occurred by a static (nondiffusional) process, and the quenching efficiency was maximal when there was close ...

1989-02-23

400

Fluctuation of lithium isotopic ratios induced by salt concentrations in a liquid-liquid extraction system

Recent nuclear power plants require high purity water to protect nuclear reactors or steam generators from SCC and maintain in good condition. In this connection, it is especially important to minimize sulfate, which is a corrosive chemical originated from oxidative degradation of cation exchange resins during operation. Recently, uniform particle size (UPS) strong acid cation gel resin with 14% cross-linkage, which has excellent stability against oxidization, has been applied to several condensate purification systems. For further improvement of water quality, some methods for changing the configuration of condensate demineralizer's resin bed have been examined. For example, these methods correspond to anion under layer and cation over layer. We have tested these methods by cold column tests. Furthermore, we have developed the newly anion exchange resin having higher efficiency and capacity for absorbing leachables from cation exchange resins. ...

2009-10-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

401

Effect of Glycoletherdiaminetetraacetic acid on corrosion inhibition of stainless steel. Glycoleetherdiamin shisakusan ni yoru stainless ko no fushoku yokusei koka

Liquid-liquid extractive separation of lithium isotopes was carried out in order to investigate the fluctuation of separation factors (a) as a function of salt concentrations in an aqueous phase. Two equations for separation factor (a_o_b_s) as a function of the concentration were introduced; one for the diluted region, and another for the concentrated region. In the former solution where hydrated lithium ions are predominant, 1n a_o_b_s = Ac + B, and in the latter where ion-pairs with anions are predominant, 1n a_o_b_s = Dc + E(c - F)"1"/"3 + G. Some guidelines are derived from the salt-specific constants A, B, D, E, F and G. The heavier isotopes are inclined to be in the more hydrated state in the diluted solution, while the lighter isotopes tend to be in a less hydrated state. In the concentrated solution, heavier isotopes are more likely to be in ion-pair form. Ionic association occurs from the lower concentration in the order of LiI < LiBr < LiCl. The ...

402

Direct sub-nanometer scale electron microscopy analysis of anion incorporation to self-ordered anodic alumina layers

An analysis was made on corrosion suppression mechanism of glycoletherdiaminetetraacetic acid (GEDTA) film made from GEDTA on stainless steel, and its corrosion inhibition effect. Results of analysis using IR spectrum, IR-ATR spectrum, {sup 1} HNMR spectrum, and ESCA spectrum indicated the deposition of the GEDTA film is a chemical deposition. In polarization tests at pH = 5 and 7, both polarization curves shifted to the constant current density side, showing suppression effect in reactions at both pH. When the corrosion environment is made severer, such as to pH = 2 and 4, the corrosion suppression effect of GEDTA became more distinctive. A ferroxyl test identified very little difference between untreated and treated materials. In a chemical pitting test, because oxidant and corrosive anion coexist in the test solution, and GEDTA is stable against corrosive anion Cl {sup {minus}}, the film is unstable against the oxidant. 39 refs., 12 figs., 6 ...

1990-12-20

403

Crystalline and Liquid Crystalline Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Salts with Cation-Sensitized Hexanuclear Molybdenum Cluster Complex Anion Luminescence

Research highlights: #-># Morphological and chemical characterization at atomic scale of porous alumina layers anodised in ordered regimes. #-># Characterization based on the use of FEG-SEM, STEM-HAADF, STEM-EELS and STEM-X-EDS. #-># Nanoscale distribution of P-, C- and S-bearing species in the pore wall. - Abstract: Ordered porous alumina layers prepared by two-step anodising in phosphoric, oxalic and sulphuric acids have been characterized at sub-nanometer scale using electron microscopy techniques. FEG-SEM and STEM-HAADF images allowed estimating the pore size, cell wall and pore wall thicknesses of the layers. Nanoanalytical characterization has been performed by STEM-EELS and STEM-X-EDS. Detailed features of the spatial distribution of anions in the pore wall of the films have been obtained. Maximum concentration of P-species occurs, approximately, at the middle of the pore wall; adjacent to the pore for C-species, whereas the distribution of ...

2010-11-01

404

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract The salts [Cnmim]2[Mo6Cl14] (mim = methylimidazolium; n = 4, 6, 12, 16, 18) have been obtained by reaction of CnmimCl with MoCl2. Thermal analysis shows the melting point decreases with increasing alkyl chain length of the cation. The imidazolium chloromolybdates(II) with n = 6-18 decompose above 340 C; [C18mim]2[Mo6Cl14] is thermally stable up to 390 C. All compounds are insensititve to the constituents of the atmosphere. Of the higher melting salts [Cnmim]2[Mo6Cl14] (n = 4, 6), high-quality single crystals could be obtained. Single-crystal X-ray structural analyses clearly show that the cluster complex anion [Mo6Cl14]2- has an electron-precise octahedral {Mo6} cluster. For [C4mim]2[Mo6Cl14], two polymorphs differing in the cation alkyl-side-chain conformation were obtained. The ...

2011-01-01

405

Charged species in the radiolysis of supercritical CO{sub 2}

Cell volume regulation in hemoglobin CC and AA erythrocytes

The pulse radiolysis technique has been employed in studying charge-transfer reactions of anionic C{sub 2}O{sub 4}{sup {minus}}, and cationic C{sub 2}O{sub 4}{sup +} species in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO{sub 2}) over a range of reduced densities {rho}{sub r} = 0.36--1.5 and at a reduced temperature of T{sub r} = 1.03. The absorption spectrum measured in the visible region with a maximum around 700 nm is assigned to the dimer cation C{sub 2}O{sub 4}{sup +}. The pressure dependence of charge-transfer reactions was examined using dimethylaniline (DMA), benzoquinone (BQ), and oxygen as charge acceptors. The reaction rates of DMA with cations, and BQ with anions are at or near the diffusion-controlled limit. The rates decrease an order of magnitude with increase of pressure. The reaction of C{sub 2}O{sub 4}{sup +} with oxygen is much slower with an almost constant rate over the pressure range examined. The measured rate constants of ...

2000-01-27

406

A procedure for batch separation of sup 14 C-hexose from sup 14 C-sucrose

Swelling hemoglobin CC erythrocytes stimulates a ouabain-insensitive K flux that restores original cell volume. Studies were performed with the K analog, "8"6Rb. This volume regulatory pathway was characterized for its anion dependence, sensitivity to loop diuretics, and requirement for Na. The swelling-induced K flux was eliminated if intracellular chloride was replaced by nitrate and both swelling-activated K influx and efflux were partially inhibited by 1 mM furosemide or bumetanide. K influx in swollen hemoglobin CC cells was not diminished when Na in the incubation medium was replaced with choline, indicating Na independence of the swelling-induced flux. Identical experiments with hemoglobin AA cells also demonstrated a swelling-induced increase in K flux, but the magnitude and duration of this increase were considerably less than that seen with hemoglobin CC cells. The increased K flux in hemoglobin AA cells was likewise sensitive to ...

407

Thermally cleavable surfactants

This presentation describes a method for separating {sup 14}C-hexose from {sup 14}C-sucrose in extracts of plant tissue. Portions of ethanol extracts are treated with activated charcoal in microcentrifuge tubes. Aliquots are removed, ethanol evaporated and replaced with reaction mixture that phosphorylates hexose (HEPPS, K{sub 2}HPO{sub 4}, Mg(C{sub 2}H{sub 3}O{sub 2}){sub 2}, ovalbumen, Na{sub 2}ATP, yeast hexokinase). After a time course, the hexokinase reaction is stopped (slowed considerably) to minimize effects of contamination enzyme activities. The stopping agent used is lyxose, a nonphosphorylable analogue of glucose. The strong anionic charge of phosphate introduced through the hexokinase action results in binding (> 95%) of hexose-phosphate to anion-exchange resin. Sucrose remains unbound (> 95%) in solution. This batch ion-exchange is performed in microcentrifuge tubes to allow many samples to be processed simultaneously. ...

1991-05-01

408

Thermally cleavable surfactants

Two new surfactant molecules are reported which contain thermally labile Diels-Alder adducts connecting the polar and non-polar sections of each molecule. The two surfactants possess identical non-polar dodecyl tail segments but exhibit different polar headgroups. The surfactants become soluble in water when anionic salts are formed through the deprotonation of the surfactant headgroups by the addition of potassium hydroxide. When either surfactant is exposed to temperature above about 60.degree. C., the retro Diels-Alder reaction occurs, yielding hydrophilic and hydrophobic fragments or the aqueous solutions of the surfactants subsequently exhibit loss of all surface-active behavior.

2009-09-29

409

Thermally cleavable surfactants

Two new surfactant molecules are reported which contain thermally labile Diels-Alder adducts connecting the polar and non-polar sections of each molecule. The two surfactants possess identical non-polar dodecyl tail segments but exhibit different polar headgroups. The surfactants become soluble in water when anionic salts are formed through the deprotonation of the surfactant headgroups by the addition of potassium hydroxide. When either surfactant is exposed to temperature above about 60.degree. C., the retro Diels-Alder reaction occurs, yielding hydrophilic and hydrophobic fragments or the aqueous solutions of the surfactants subsequently exhibit loss of all surface-active behavior.

2009-11-24

410

Synergistic extraction of europium(III) with benzoic acid and thenoyltrifluoroacetone

Two new surfactant molecules are reported which contain thermally labile Diels-Alder adducts connecting the polar and non-polar sections of each molecule. The two surfactants possess identical non-polar dodecyl tail segments but exhibit different polar headgroups. The surfactants become soluble in water when anionic salts are formed through the deprotonation of the surfactant headgroups by the addition of potassium hydroxide. When either surfactant is exposed to temperature above about 60.degree. C., the retro Diels-Alder reaction occurs, yielding hydrophilic and hydrophobic fragments and the aqueous solutions of the surfactants subsequently exhibit loss of all surface-active behavior.

2006-04-04

411

Stability of coherently strained semiconductor superlattices

The solvent extraction of europium(III) into solutions of thenoyltrifluoroacetone and benzoic acid in cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, chloroform, pentachloroethane, and tetrachloroethane has been measured at 25/sup 0/ C. It has been found that the extracted species involve two types of adducts, EuA/sub 3/HB and EuA/sub 3/ . 2HB where A denotes the TTA anion and HB the benzoic acid monomer. The magnitude of the adduct formation constants in different solvents has been correlated with the dimerization constants of benzoic acid in the solvents. 2 figures, 2 tables.

1983-01-01

412

Solubility and rate of dissolution for Miscanthus in hydrophilic ionic liquids

The excess energy of several III-V and II-VI strained-layer semiconductor superlattices (AC)_p(BC)_p is studied as a function of the repeat period p and orientation G=[001], [110], [111], and [201], using first-principles calculations. We discover a number of universal features, including the predicted instability for nearly all p's and G's with respect to bulk disproportionation, the identification of chalcopyrite as a metastable ordered structure, and the stability of all thin epitaxial [110] and [201] and most common-anion [001] superlattices relative to coherent phase separation.

413

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Miscanthus is a potential feedstock for the production of biofuels. Lignocellulosic biomass is not soluble in conventional solvents, but Miscanthus and other lignocellulosic biomass have reasonable solubilities in some ionic liquids. The solubility of Miscanthus in a variety of hydrophilic ionic liquids was measured as a function of particle size, temperature and time for dissolution. In addition to temperature and time, the ionic liquid anion has a significant effect on solubility and rate of dissolution. The moisture content of Miscanthus lowers its solubility in certain ionic liquids. Chloride, acetate, and phosphate-based ionic liquids favor solubility. A tentative correlation for the solubility of Miscanthus is proposed in terms of Abraham solvation parameters obtained from quantum-ch...

2011-01-01

414

Revised minimum nitrite concentration for ESP

Revised minimum nitrite concentration for ESP

Nitrite is to be used to inhibit pitting corrosion during Extended Sludge Processing (ESP) at the Savannah River Plant. The required nitrite concentrations are expressed as a function of the slurries' nitrate ion concentration and temperature. In the most dilute slurries, the nitrite inhibitor requirement is independent of the nitrate ion concentration and depends only on the temperature of the waste. The nitrate-independent concentration ensures that there is sufficient inhibitor, in sludge slurries whose nitrate has been depleted by radiolysis, to prevent pitting corrosion induced by other corrosive anions (e.g., sulfate and chloride). The threshold nitrate concentration at which the nitrite level is expressed as a function only of temperature is 0.02 M.

1992-10-26

415

Reports of the second All-Union conference on the chemistry of transplutonium elements (Dmitrovgrad, June 21-23, 1963)

Nitrite is to be used to inhibit pitting corrosion during Extended Sludge Processing (ESP) at the Savannah River Plant. The required nitrite concentrations are expressed as a function of the slurries` nitrate ion concentration and temperature. In the most dilute slurries, the nitrite inhibitor requirement is independent of the nitrate ion concentration and depends only on the temperature of the waste. The nitrate-independent concentration ensures that there is sufficient inhibitor, in sludge slurries whose nitrate has been depleted by radiolysis, to prevent pitting corrosion induced by other corrosive anions (e.g., sulfate and chloride). The threshold nitrate concentration at which the nitrite level is expressed as a function only of temperature is 0.02 M.

1992-10-26

416

Preparation and Properties of New Ester-Linked Cleavable Gemini Surfactants

The nine papers presented at this conference cover the following topics: the systematization, condensed description, and prediction of sets of anion exchange extraction constants on the basis of their statistical computer treatment; characteristics and uses of solid extractants containing D2EHPA and TBP for separating the transplutonium elements; enrichment of americium 242m and americium 242 by the Szilard-Chalmers method; an x-ray diffraction pattern analysis for transplutonium compounds; the radiation chemistry of americium; and the effects of alpha irradiation on the behavior of americium in perchlorate solutions.

1987-05-01

417

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We have prepared a series of novel gemini surfactants having ester bonds in their structures. These surfactants possess two identical hydrophilic polyethylene glycol moieties, two hydrophobic alkyl group moieties, and an anionic spacer. The structures of these compounds were confirmed through infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and elemental analyses. The novel gemini surfactants exhibit excellent surface activity in terms of their surface tension, low-foaming, wetting power, and fluorescence properties. The presence of the ester linkages made these structures cleavable surfactants.

2011-01-01

418

Pitting corrosion of zirconium and hafnium

Interaction between flavonoid, quercetin and surfactant aggregates with different charges

The initiation and inhibition of pitting corrosion on zirconium and hafnium in aqueous solutions have been investigated by potentiodynamic, potentiostatic and galvanostatic measurements at 25/sup 0/C. Effects of Cl/sup -/, Br/sup -/and I/sup -/ have been examined over a range of salt concentrations and pH. All three halide ions cause pitting attack on the two metals, but this may be inhibited by other anions. The results show that hafnium is more easily protected against pitting than is zirconium. The data are treated by the Butler-Volmer equation to yield more information about the mechanisms of the pitting corrosion.

1988-02-01

419

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The interactions of flavonoid, quercetin with sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic surfactant) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (cationic surfactant) micelles were investigated. The average location site of quercetin in different micelles was determined by the cyclic voltammetry method with the aid of molecular optimization. The interaction parameters of quercetin with micelles of different charges such as binding constant K and normal binding energy DG were calculated. Furthermore, the morphologic change of the SDS and CTAB spherical micelles and rod-like micelles upon their interaction with quercetin was also observed.

2006-01-01

420

In-situ study of the dendritic growth in lithium/polymer electrolyte-salt/lithium cells; Etude in-situ de la croissance dendritique dans des cellules lithium/POE-sel/lithium

Complexing of ruthenium during sorption by a graft copolymer of a polyacrylonitrile fiber with poly-2-methvl-5-vinylpyridine (PAN-MVP)

The in-situ observation of dendritic growth in lithium/polymer electrolyte-LiTFSI/lithium battery cells shows that dendrites grow up with about the same rate as anion migration. Memory effects have been evidenced in cycling experiments and limit the dendrites length. An overall movement of the electrolyte due to variations of electrolyte concentration in the vicinity of the electrodes has been observed too. (J.S.) 13 refs.

1996-12-31

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

421

Anion formation from gaseous and condensed molecules on low-energy electron impact

This paper studies the sorption of chlorine complexes of ruthenium (IV) on the graft copolymer of a polyacrylonitrile fiber with poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine (PAN-MVP). The composition of the fiber is illustrated. It is shown that sorption of chlorine complexes of ruthenium (IV) from acid solutions by a pyridine fiber sorbent takes place according to an anion-exchange mechanism and is due to the formation of compounds of the diamine type (Ru(RPy)/sub 2/Cl/sub 4/).

1985-05-20

422

Solid state electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of poly(arylene bisimide-alt-oligoether)s

The interaction of free electrons in the energy range from 0 to 10 eV with molecules at different stages of aggregation is investigated. The mechanism in the gas phase under single collision conditions is described. Fullerenes C_6_0 and C_7_0 are used as targets. Electron impact on condensed molecules can lead to temporary negative ions. The formation of Cl"- from gas phase CCl_4 and the desorption of Cl"- from 6 monolayer CCl_4 film on an Au substrate is determined experimentally. (Suda).

1994-03-20

423

Ion-exchange scheme for selective removal of gadolinium nitrate from the moderator system of 540 MWe Indian PHWRs using macroporous strong acid cation and macro porous weak base anion resins

Two electroactive polymeric arylene bisimides, namely poly[(4,7,10-trioxatrideca-1,13-diyl)-(1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic bisimide-N,N'-diyl)] and its perylene analogue - poly[(4,7,10-trioxatrideca-1,13-diyl)-(3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisimide-N,N'-diyl)] have been synthesized and studied by cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis-NIR as well as Raman spectroeletrochemistry. Contrary to low molecular weight arylene bisimides, which show a clear two electron, double-step electrochemical reduction (neutral form to radical anion and from radical anion to dianion), in the synthesized polymers multielectron transfers are observed, accompanied with a strong electrochromic effect. However, as probed by cyclic voltammetry, their first reduction step is retarded and covers a wider potential range. We attribute this effect to macromolecular nature of the compounds being reduced and their structural inhomogeneity caused by ?-stacking induced ...

2011-04-01

424

Gadolinium removal from the moderator system of TAPP - 3 using the three layer bed

Gadolinium nitrate has been employed in Indian nuclear reactors for the first time as soluble neutron poison in the heavy water moderators of the 540 MWe PHWRs TAPS 3 and 4, as a fast acting secondary shut down system (SDS-2); and also for reactivity shim. For this purpose, the moderator purification system is currently equipped with special ion-exchange columns/schemes, developed by present authors. However, for gadolinium removal from moderator in the post SDS-2 scenario, the two stage ion-exchange - cation bed operation followed by mixed bed operation - results in low pH conditions persisting in the moderator for a few hours, which gives rise to certain operational problems. The present paper describes a mixed bed ion-exchange scheme employing macro-porous strong acid cation and macro-porous weak base anion resins, which has been developed to eliminate acidic conditions and gives a better pH control. The cation to anion capacity ratio in the ...

2008-12-01

425

Production and evaluation of labeled bisphosphonates with 153Sm, 166Ho and 177Lu as therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals

Nitric acid leaching from the weak base anion (WBA) exchanger had been evaluated and based on this a 5% mixture of nitric acid loaded weak base anion exchanger with fresh weak base anion exchanger (NLWBA) at the bottom of the ion exchange column has been devised to maintain an outlet pH in the range of 5.0 to 5.5 during Gd removal from the moderator system of TAPP - 3 and 4. A three layered bed had been constituted wherein strong acid cation (SAC) exchanger is placed as the top layer while a mixed bed of SAC and WBA or pure WBA is used as the middle layer and the 5% NLWBA was used as the bottom most layer. This bed configuration would result in an iso-pH regime in the moderator system during the Gd removal along with quantitative removal of Gd. Two three-layer bed columns were prepared at TAPS - 3 and 4 in July 07. The resin was loaded in batches and after preparing the column, the column was deuterated with heavy water ...

2008-12-01

426

The interaction of /sup 125/I-insulin with cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes: quantitative analysis by the hypothetical grain method

Aim: Compounds such "9"9"mTc-MDP and "9"9"mTc-HEDP are used regularly in bone scintigraphy for metastasis detection. The therapeutics properties of beta emitter radionuclides like "1"5"3Sm, "1"6"6Ho and "1"7"7Lu has been widely reported in literature being "1"7"7Lu the less developed for medical applications. With the purpose of study different radiopharmaceuticals alternatives, for metastasis bone palliation, we have evaluated, on a comparative basis, the labeling of "1"5"3Sm-MDP, "1"5"3Sm-HEDP, "1"6"6Ho-MDP, "1"6"6Ho-HEDP, "1"7"7Lu-MDP and "1"7"7Lu-HEDP from the exhibited radionuclidic purity and biological distribution point of view. Material and Methods: The radionuclides were produced at La Reina Research Reactor, Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission. The radionuclidic purity was determined by gamma-Ray spectrometry. The labeling was accomplished with MDP (Plenum) and HEDP synthesized in-house. The in-vitro affinity of ...

2002-09-01

427

N-(/sup 3/H)acetyl-labeling, a convenient method for radiolabeling of glycosaminoglycans

The murine 3T3-L1 fibroblast under appropriate incubation conditions differentiates into an adipocyte phenotype. This 3T3-L1 adipocyte exhibits many of the morphologic, biochemical, and insulin-responsive features of the normal rodent adipocyte. Using quantitative electron microscopic (EM) autoradiography we find that, when /sup 125/I-insulin is incubated with 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the ligand at early times of incubation localizes to the plasma membrane of the cell preferentially to microvilli and coated pits. When the incubation is continued at 37 degrees C, /sup 125/I-insulin is internalized by the cells and preferential binding to the villous surface is lost. With the internalization of the ligand, two intracellular structures become labeled, as determined by the method of hypothetical grain analysis. These include large clear, presumably endocytotic, vesicles and multivesicular bodies. Over the first hour of incubation the labeling of these ...

1983-07-01

428

Masking of trace metal contaminants with citrate in the In-111 labeling of Mab-DTPA

A method for the introduction of N-(/sup 3/H)acetyl groups into glycosaminoglycans is described. The procedure is based on (/sup 3/H)acetylation of N-unsubstituted hexosamine residues by treating the polysaccharides with (/sup 3/H)acetic anhydride. Preparations of heparin and heparin sulfate were found to contain significant numbers of N-unsubstituted hexosamine residues, as isolates. In contrast, such units could not be detected in chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, or hyaluronic acid. These polysaccharides were therefore subjected to partial N-deacetylation by reaction with hydrazine in the presence of hydrazine sulfate. After treatment with (/sup 3/H)acetic anhydride, the specific activities of the resulting labeled polysaccharide preparations ranged between 0.1 X 10/sup 6/ and 0.6 X 10/sup 6/ cpm /sup 3/H/..mu..g of uronic acid. The /sup 3/H-labeled polysaccharide preparations did not differ significantly from the corresponding ...

1982-01-15

429

The synthesis of 5-[1-"1"1C]ethyl barbiturates from labelled malonic esters

Tumor imaging using radioiodinated monoclonal antibodies (Mab) suffered from rapid in vivo deiodination. This problem can be circumvented by covalent attachment of a bifunctional chelating group to the Mab followed by chelation with a suitable cationic radionuclide such as In-111. Competition of trace metal contaminants with In-111 for chelating sites, however, is known to lower the labeling yield. Since commercially available reagents may be contaminated with other trace metal ions, the effect of trace metals on Mab-DTPA chelation and the possibility of masking the trace metal effect on the In-111 labeling of Mab-DTPA were, therefore, investigated. Labeling yield of 93% was obtained when 1 mg (20mg/ml) of Mab F(ab')/sub 2/-DTPA (protein to DTPA ratio of --1) was allowed to incubate with 3 mCi In-111 in 2 ml acetate buffer (0.5M, pH 5.5) for 30 min. The yield was drastically decreased to 13-76% when the reactions were ...

1985-06-02

430

Radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging of functional abnormalities of the developing brain

The synthesis of ["1"1C]phenobarbital, ["1"1C]pentobarbital and["1"1C]amobarbital labelled in the 5-[1-"1"1C]ethyl position is reported. The malonic esters R- CH(CO_2Et)_2 [R phenyl-, 1-methylbutyl-, and 3- methylbutyl- were alkylated with [1-"1"1C]ethyl iodide prepared from ["1"1C]carbon dioxide. Ring closure of the 2-[1-"1"1C]ethyl-labelled malonic esters with urea afforded 5-[1-"1"1C]ethyl-phenobarbital,-phenobarbital, -pentobarbital and -amobarbital synthesis times of 42-47 min, counted from ["1"1C] carbon dioxide. In typical syntheses starting with 3 GBq pentobarbitol and (81 mCi) ["1"1C]carbon dioxide, 150-215 MBq (4-6 mCi) were produced in 25-30% decay corrected -amobarbital radiochemical yields with radiochemical purities greater than 98%. (author).

431

Radiohalogen-labeled imaging agents. 3. Compounds for measurement of brain blood flow by emission tomography

The measurement of physiological parameters in man is possible with the help of positron emission tomography (PET) and radiopharmaceuticals labeled with short lived positron emitters as C 11, N 13, O 15 and F 18. With the use of this substances it is possible to make a tomographic map defining regional metabolic parameters in normal and diseased brain. This technique has therefore also be named 'in vivo autoradiography'. The possibility of applying C 11 or F 18 labeled deoxyglucose with PET for detecting regional and local changes in cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in brain development in children of 5 days to 1 year of age is discussed. Beyond this a relationship between cerebral metabolic rate of glucose, cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen by use of this technique after inhalation of O 15 and C 11-labeled CO_2 is shown. Attention is drawn to the application of C 11-methyl-spiperone and PET to ...

432

Radiohalogen-labeled imaging agents. 3. Compounds for measurement of brain blood flow by emission tomography

The radioiodine-labeled amines currently available as brain-imaging agents, based on our previous work and that of others, are prepared either by exchange labeling or by direct iodination of a protected intermediate. The intrinsic slowness of these processes limits their potential for use with the positron-emitting 122I, as it has a half-life of only 3.6 min. This isotope has advantages of a low dose to the patient and availability from a generator containing the parent 20-h 122Xe. To develop a radiopharmaceutical in which 122I could be utilized, we prepared a number of secondary and tertiary amines (maintaining the 2,5-dimethoxy substitution pattern which allows direct iodination at the 4-position) with 131I. The organ distributions of these compounds were studied, and the best properties were found in the N,N-dimethyl homologue (2,5-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethyl-4-iodoamphetamine). This compound was successfully synthesized in a matter of seconds, ...

1984-08-01

433

Platelet thrombosis in cardiac-valve prostheses

The radioiodine-labeled amines currently available as brain-imaging agents, based on our previous work and that of others, are prepared either by exchange labeling or by direct iodination of a protected intermediate. The intrinsic slowness of these processes limits their potential for use with the positron-emitting 122I, as it has a half-life of only 3.6 min. This isotope has advantages of a low dose to the patient and availability from a generator containing the parent 20-h 122Xe. To develop a radiopharmaceutical in which 122I could be utilized, we prepared a number of secondary and tertiary amines (maintaining the 2,5-dimethoxy substitution pattern which allows direct iodination at the 4-position) with 131I. The organ distributions of these compounds were studied, and the best properties were found in the N,N-dimethyl homologue (2,5-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethyl-4-iodoamphetamine). This compound was successfully synthesized in a matter of seconds, ...

434

Partitioning and transport of the translocates mannitol and sucrose in the light and dark in celery (Apium Graveolens L. )

The contribution of platelets and clotting factors in thrombosis on cardiovascular prostheses had been quantified with several tracers. Thrombus formation in vivo could be measured semiquantitatively in animal models and patients with indium-111, Technetium-99m labeled platelets, iodine-123, iodine-131 labeled fibrinogen, and In-111 and Tc-99m labeled antibody to the fibrinogen-receptor on the platelet- membrane, or fibrin. The early studies demonstrated that certain platelet-inhibitors, e.g. sulfinpyrazone, aspirin or aspirin- persantine increased platelet survival time with mechanical valves implanted in the baboon model and patients. Thrombus localization by imaging is possible for large thrombus on thrombogenic surface of prosthesis in the acute phase. The majority of thrombus was found in the sewing ring (Dacron) in the acute phase in both the mechanical and tissue valves. The amount of retained thrombus in both ...

1989-06-08

435

Labelling of bleomycin with cobalt-57, indium-111, technetium-99m, mercury-197, lead-203, and copper-67

Sucrose and mannitol are major photosynthetic products and translocates in celery. Assimilate partitioning and transport were studied by pulse-labeling leaves with /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ followed by different length chases in ambient air. After a 2 h chase in the light there was more /sup 14/C in sucrose than mannitol in source leaves and their petioles. In contrast after a 2 h dark chase leaves contained more /sup 14/C in mannitol than sucrose but petioles had more /sup 14/C in sucrose than mannitol. After a 15 h chase (6 h light; 9 h dark) labeled sucrose was higher in source petiole vascular bundles than in adjacent parenchyma tissue but label in glucose and fructose was higher in the parenchyma tissue. After the 15 h chase most of the /sup 14/C remaining in developing sink leaves and their petioles was in mannitol. Although in the light mannitol:sucrose ratios are the same in leaf and petiole tissues, in the dark sucrose is ...

1987-04-01

436

Interaction of thyroid hormone and hemoglobin: nature of the interaction and effect of hemoglobin on thyroid hormone radioimmunoassay

The radiochemical purity of the cobalt-57 complex of bleomycin could be enhanced by adjusting the pH of the final product to a value between 5 and 6. This radiopharmaceutical appeared to have better tumor visualizing properties compared to the not neutralized preparation. The clinical use of the cobalt-57 bleomycin complex is however limited by the long physical half-life of the label, causing a risk of radioactive contamination. It appeared to be possible to label bleomycin with radioactive cations ("1"1"1In"3"+, sup(99m)Tc"4"+, "1"9"7Hg"2"+ and "6"7Cu"2"+) having suitable gamma ray energies and short half-lifes. These bleomycin complexes showed a high radiochemical purity judged by their behaviour on thin layer chromatography, paper chromatography, and electrophoresis, but their application as tumor visualizing radiopharmaceutical turned out to be disappointing compared with cobalt-57 bleomycin. (orig.).

437

In vivo evaluation of a lead-labeled monoclonal antibody using the DOTA ligand

Gel filtration of human erythrocyte (RBC) lysate incubated with labeled thyroxine (Tu) or triiodothyronine (Tt) revealed co-elution of a major iodothyronine-binding fraction (R-2) and hemoglobin. Solutions of purified human hemoglobin and Tt also showed co-elution of hormone and hemoglobin. Because hematin and protoporphyrin were shown to bind labeled Tt, the oxygen-binding site on hemoglobin was excluded as the site of iodothyronine-hemoglobin interaction. Analysis of hormone binding by heme and globin moieties showed Tt binding to be limited to the heme fraction. Addition of excess unlabeled Tt to hemoglobin or heme incubated with labeled Tt indicated 75% to 90% of hormone binding was poorly dissociable. These observations suggested that the presence of hemoglobin in RBC lysate or in serum could influence the measurement of Tu and Tt by specific radioimmunoassay (RIA). Subsequent studies of the addition to serum of human ...

438

Effects of epidermal growth factor on bone formation and resorption in vivo

The aim of this study was to assess the utility of a radioimmunoconjugate containing a lead radionuclide for therapy and scintigraphy applications. The radioimmunoconjugate evaluated consisted of a bifunctional DOTA ligand and monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 using athymic mice bearing LS-174T tumors, human colon carcinoma xenografts. In the studies reported here, the lead-203-DOTA complex itself was first demonstrated to have in vivo stability. MAb B72.3 was then conjugated with the DOTA ligand and labeled with "2"0"3Pb, and the immunoreactivity of B72.3 was maintained. The localization of the radioimmunoconjugate to tumor tissue and other select organs paralleled that of DOTA-"1"2"5I-B72.3, suggesting a similar metabolic pattern of the two radioimmunoconjugates. Thus, the DOTA-metal complex does not alter the behavior of the radioimmunoconjugate. Tumor localization of the "2"0"3Pb-DOTA-B72.3 conjugate was demonstrated with biodistribution studies as well as ...

1998-05-01

439

Effects of clove (Caryophyllus aromaticus L.) on the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m and on the morphology of red blood cells

The effects of mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF) on bone formation and resorption were examined in male mice. EGF administration (2-200 ng.g-1.day-1 ip for 7 days) induced a dose-dependent rise in plasma EGF levels that remained within physiological range. Histomorphometric analysis of caudal vertebrae showed that EGF (20 and 200 ng.g-1.day-1) reduced the endosteal matrix and mineral appositional rates after 5 days of treatment as measured by double (3H)proline labeling and double tetracycline labeling, respectively. This effect was transitory and was not observed after 7 days of EGF administration. EGF administered for 7 days induced a dose-dependent increase in the periosteal osteoblastic and tetracycline double-labeled surfaces. At high dosage (200 ng.g-1.day-1) EGF administration increased the osteoclastic surface and the number of acid phosphatase-stained osteoclasts, although plasma calcium remained normal. The ...

1990-02-01

440

Dynamics of growth/mature-related substances in vegetables using specific triple labelled compound

Clove (Caryophyllus aromaticus L.) has been used for clinical procedures. Blood constituents labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) are used in nuclear medicine. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of clove extract on the labeling blood constituents with 99mTc and on the morphology of red blood cells. Blood samples were incubated with clove, stannous chloride and 99mTc. Plasma, blood cells, insoluble fractions of plasma and blood cells were separated. The radioactivity was counted and percentage of radioactivity (%ATI) to each blood fraction was calculated. The shape and morphometric parameter (perimeter/area ratio) were evaluated. Clove extract altered significantly (p<0.05) the %ATI of blood constituents and the shape of red blood cells without modifying the perimeter/area ratio. The results indicate that clove extract presents chemical compounds that interfere with the radiolabeling of blood constituents and alter the ...

2007-09-15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

441

Copper-65-absorption by men fed intrinsically and extrinsically labeled whole wheat bread

Dynamics and metabolism of sugars translocated into the fruit region were investigated in tomato using {sup 14}C-labelled compounds. The translocation substance in tomato is thought to be sucrose, but the amount of sucrose in its fruit is very small. Therefore, the degradation of sucrose in the fruit and its translocation to the fruit was investigated. The sucrose was digested into hexoses such as glucose, fructose, etc. and the degradation rate was considerably low. In the stage of thickening growth, sucrose was more extensively converted into other substances except for sugars compared with the coloring stage. Then, {sup 14}C-labelled fructose was given through its gynophore to investigate the degree of reproduction to sucrose. The fructose level in the fruit reached the platean by 48 hrs after the addition and gradually decreased. The radioactivities were detected in sugars, organic acids and other alcohol soluble substances, etc. These ...

1998-02-01

442

Circulation, bone scans, and tetracycline labeling in microvascularized and vascular bundle implanted rib grafts

Six men were fed a diet composed of conventional foods with all bread as whole wheat bread. Intrinsically labeled "6"5Cu bread (containing 6.5 ppm Cu and 48 atom % "6"5Cu) was substituted for unlabeled bread for 3 days, and stools were collected for 24 days. Extrinsically labeled bread was then substituted for 3 days and another 24-day stool collection made. "6"5Cu excretion was measured by mass spectrometry. Mean Cu intake was 1.10 mg of Cu/day. Average Cu balance was /minus/0.06 /+-/ 0.08 mg/day. Average absorption of the intrinsic copper was 72.2 /+-/ 9.3% and of extrinsic Cu 64.2 /+-/ 5.8%. The ratio of extrinsic to intrinsic absorption was 0.906 /+-/ 0.164. Absorption of intrinsic and extrinsic tracers did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) by a paired t-test, and the ratio (E/I) was not significantly different from 1. Use of extrinsic Cu tracers to assess Cu absorption is supported by these results.

443

Bidirectional reaction steps in metabolic networks: II. Flux estimation and statistical analysis.

The circulation in microvascularized rib grafts has been compared with that in conventional rib grafts and in those augmented by a direct vascular bundle implantation into the bone grafts. A new experimental model has been designed to correlate vascular perfusion, bone scan patterns, tetracycline labeling, and histological findings in these bone grafts. Posterior microvascularized rib grafts were found to have a circulatory pattern identical to that of the normal rib. Failed microvascularized rib grafts were revascularized more slowly than conventional rib grafts. Vascular bundles implanted into rib grafts remained patent and increased the rate of revascularization. The stripping or preservation of periosteum had no observable effects on the rate or pattern of conventional rib graft revascularization. The circulation in rib grafts was accurately reflected in technetium 99 bone scans, as was the patency of the anastomoses of microvascularized rib grafts and of ...

1984-11-01

444

A kinetic and microautoradiographic study of sup 14 C-sucrose translocation into developing wheat grains

Metabolic carbon labelling experiments enable a large amount of extracellular fluxes and intracellular carbon isotope enrichments to be measured. Since the relation between the measured quantities and the unknown intracellular metabolic fluxes is given by bilinear balance equations, flux determination from this data set requires the numerical solution of a nonlinear inverse problem. To this end, a general algorithm for flux estimation from metabolic carbon labelling experiments based on the least squares approach is developed in this contribution and complemented by appropriate tools for statistical analysis. The linearization technique usually applied for the computation of nonlinear confidence regions is shown to be inappropriate in the case of large exchange fluxes. For this reason a sophisticated compactification transformation technique for nonlinear statistical analysis is developed. Statistical analysis is then performed by computing ...

1997-07-01

445

The cohomology ring of the GKM graph of a flag manifold of classical type

The kinetics of {sup 14}C-photosynthate import by developing wheat grains was followed after pulse-labeling the flag leaf with {sup 14}CO{sub 2}. Samples were collected from four successive points along the transport pathway to and within the grain: exuding aphid stylets on the peduncle, exuding grain pedicels, the grain crease tissues, and the liquid contents of the endosperm cavity. In addition, microautoradiographs were prepared of the grain crease tissues during movement of the {sup 14}C pulse into the grain. At all times, sucrose accounted for 93 to 97% of the total {sup 14}C present at all four sampling sites. The main features of the {sup 14}C kinetics could be accounted for by a simple compartmental model consisting of sucrose pools in series. Microautoradiographs of the crease tissues showed fairly uniform labeling of vascular parenchyma at all times, with a sharp gradient in labeling across the chalaza to the ...

1991-05-01

446

Synthesis of I-125 labeled photoaffinity rapamycin analogs

If a closed smooth manifold $M$ with an action of a torus $T$ satisfies certain conditions, then a labeled graph $\\mG_M$ with labeling in $H^2(BT)$ is associated with $M$, which encodes a lot of geometrical information on $M$. For instance, the "cohomology" ring $\\mHT^*(\\mG_M)$ of $\\mG_M$ is defined to be a subring of $\\bigoplus_{v\\in V(\\mG_M)}H^*(BT)$, where $V(\\mG_M)$ is the set of vertices of $\\mG_M$, and is known to be often isomorphic to the equivariant cohomology $H^*_T(M)$ of $M$. In this paper, we determine the ring structure of $\\mHT^*(\\mG_M)$ when $M$ is a flag manifold of classical type directly without using the fact that $\\mHT^*(\\mG_M)$ is isomorphic to $H^*_T(M)$.

2011-01-01

447

Submitochondrial distribution of cAMP in its incubation with rat liver mitochondria

Two no-carrier-added "1"2"5I-labelled photoaffinity rapamycin analogs were prepared: 7-demethoxy-7-(4-azido-3-"1"2"5I-benzyloxy) rapamycin and its C_2_8-C_2_9 seco analog. The key reactions of the synthesis were substitution of the C_7 methoxyl of rapamycin with 4-azido-3-tributylstannylbenzyloxy group, exchange of tributyltin with "1"2"5I using Na"1"2"5I and Chloramine-T, and a ZnCl_2 mediated retro-Aldol cleavage of the C_2_8-C_2_9 bond of rapamycin. (author).

448

Quantification of the thrombogenicity of Dacron aortic prostheses

When labeled cAMP is incubated with isolated mitochondria from rat liver, it penetrates not only through the outer membrane of the mitochondria but also into the mitoplasts, where it is accumulated chiefly in the matrix. Damage to the mitochondrial membrane by freezing-thawing promotes not an influx but an efflux of cAMP out of the mitoplasts. A substantial part of the labeled nucleotide in all the investigated submitochondrial fractions was identified as intact cAMP by the method of thin-layer chromatography. The transport of cAMP into the mitochondria can explain the activation of their functions by the hormones that activate cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase and by extramitochondrial (cytosol) cAMP, as well as the presence of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and cAMP-phosphodiesterase in the mitochondria.

1986-03-20

449

Operating experience with a new accelerator control system based upon microprocessors

Eight patients with double-velour Dacron aorto-femoral grafts implanted for 2-60 months were studied. Indium-111-labelled platelets were found to have a shortened mean platelet lifespan (MPLS) of 138 +- 32 hours compared with the normal platelet lifespan of 224 +- 23 hours. Labelled platelets accumulated on all grafts, irrespective of graft age, to a maximum of 1,80 +- 0,83% of whole body radioactivity; thereafter graft radio-activity decreased. This suggests that platelets on the graft are in dynamic equilibrium with those in the circulation. Platelets may be lost from the graft by embolization or radioactivity may be released because of platelet lysis. Although MPLS may depend on the age and surface area of the graft, concomitant arterial disease probably also contributes to the shortened MPLS.

450

Mirtazapine for patients with alcohol dependence and comorbid depressive disorders: A multicentre, open label study

This paper describes the design and operating experience with a high performance control system tailored to the requirements of the SuperHILAC accelerator. A large number (20) of the latest 16-bit microcomputer boards are used in a parallel-distributed manner to get a high system bandwidth. Because of the high bandwidth, software costs and complexity are significantly reduced. The system by its very nature and design is easily upgraded and repaired. Dynamically assigned and labeled knobs, together with touch-panels, allow a flexible and efficient operator interface. An X-Y vector graphics system provides for display and labeling of real-time signals as well as general plotting functions. This control system allows attachment of a powerful auxiliary computer for scientific processing with access to accelerator parameters.

1981-03-01

451

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence are common and serious mental illnesses. There is a great interest in discovering useful treatments for both mood symptoms and alcohol abuse in those patients with depressive disorders and comorbid alcohol dependence. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of mirtazapine for the treatment of patients with alcohol dependence comorbid with a depressive disorder in an open label, naturalistic multicentre treatment setting. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale were measured at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8 for the assessment of treatment effectiveness. Alcohol craving was measured using ...

2006-01-01

452

Mineralization and volatilization of ring labelled "1"4C-2,4-D in three different soils

Labelling of "1"4C-M-ISP and its absorption, translocation and distribution in peanut and soybean seedling

Mineralization and volatilization of ring labelled "1"4C-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soil was studied over a period of six weeks under laboratory conditions at 25 deg. C in three different soils collected from three sites, Delhi, Jaipur and Ludhiana. A very slow rate of both mineralization and volatilization was observed in all the three soils. The observed mineralization, was highest for the Delhi soil, 0.93%, followed by the Ludhiana soil, 0.73% and the Jaipur soil 0.14% in 42 days. The extent of volatilization was 0.46% for the Jaipur soil, 0.37% for the Ludhiana soil and 0.32% for the Delhi soil. (author)

2001-11-01

453

Importance of health and environment as quality traits in the buying decision of organic products

Labelling of "1"4C-M-ISP and its absorption, translocation and distribution in peanut and soybean seedling were studied. The results of experiments showed that the radioactive substance could be translocated in xylem and phloem of two kinds of plants. The root of peanut seedling absorbed "1"4C-M-ISP from the nutrient solution more strong than the root of soybean seedling did. After leaf treatment with "1"4C-M-ISP, the soybean seedling absorbed more radioactive substance than peanut seedling did. But the translocation's speed of radioactive substance in pnloem of two kinds of plants were similar.

1990-01-01

454

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper aims to explore consumer preference for fresh vegetables labelled as organic in combination with health and environment related quality traits. The study decomposes organic farming into its main quality aspects and measures consumers' preference structure for organic, in general, and for specific organic quality traits in particular. By means of stated choice preference modelling, the following hypotheses are tested: consumers prefer health over environment related quality traits; the organic label plays a significant role in consumers' choice for organic products; organic farming is perceived as healthier and more environmentally friendly than conventional farming; purchase intention is mainly driven by health related quality traits; both health and environmental concerns influ...

2009-01-01

455

Glycine metabolism by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: hydrogen cyanide biosynthesis

Fragrance ingredient labelling in products on sale in the U.K.

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a synthetic medium is stimulated by the presence of glycine. Methionine enhances this stimulation but will not substitute for glycine as a stimulator of cyanogenesis. Threonine and phenylalanine are effective substitutes for glycine in the stimulation of HCN production. Glycine, threonine, and serine are good radioisotope precursors of HCN, but methionine and phenylalanine are not. Cell extracts of P. aeruginosa convert (/sup 14/C)threonine to (/sup 14/C)glycine. H14CN is produced with low dilution of label from either (1-/sup 14/C)glycine or (2-/sup 14/C)glycine, indicating a randomization of label either in the primary or secondary metabolism of glycine. When whole cells were fed (1,2-/sup 14/C)glycine, cyanide and bicarbonate were the only radioactive extracellular products observed.

1977-05-01

456

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary Background The seventh amendment of the European Union (EU) Cosmetics Directive (March 2005) and the Detergents Regulations of the EU (October 2005) are now legal requirements in Europe. Cosmetic products and detergents must be labelled for 26 individual named fragrances, when present at concentrations of > 10 parts per million (p.p.m.) in leave-on products and > 100 p.p.m. in rinse-off products. Objectives To make an assessment of the exposure pattern to fragrance of the U.K. consumer and to determine the frequency with which the constituent fragrances of fragrance mix I (FM I) and fragrance mix II (FM II) are included in products currently sold in the U.K. Methods A study of perfumed cosmetic and household products available on the shelves of U.K. retailers was carried out in Jan...

2007-01-01

457

Establishment of a method for RIA of transferrin

Emissions trading and green power : profitability for buyers and sellers

Objective: To develop a method for RIA of transferrin without dilution of the serum sample. Methods: The measurable range was broadened through: Lowering of the specific radioactivity of the labelled antigen, increasing the concentration of the anti-serum and improve the curve fitting method. Results: The antiserum affinity was 3.82 x 10"-"1"0 mol/L, the specific radioactivity of the labelled antigen was 15.3 mg/mic, inter-assay error CV 5.38%, intra-assay error CV = 3.5% and the shape of the curve was good. For 30 normal control specimens, the mean TF content was 2.81 +- 0.972 mg/ml. Conclusion: Development of a method for RIA of TF without previous dilution of the test serum was of clinical value

2002-04-01

458

Efficacy and Safety of Galantamine in Patients with Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A 24-Week Open-Label Study

Proposed features of the competitive electricity market in Ontario were reviewed. The speaker predicted that demand for renewable energy in Ontario`s competitive electricity market will be affected by green power, emissions trading, labelling, and renewables portfolio standard. Under current regulations retailers can charge customers a premium for purchasing electricity generated by `green` sources. The existing limits on emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxides will remain in place, but an emissions cap and trading program for all Ontario-based generation is an option to consider. Ontario`s Market Design Committee (MDC) has recommended the implementation of emissions trading for electricity-related air pollutants for all generators located in Ontario. The complex mechanics of emission trading are explained. The MDC recommendation of the use of standard labels to disclose the mix of energy sources used by sellers of ...

1998-12-31

459

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common dementia of the elderly. A significant cholinergic deficit has been demonstrated that may be responsive to treatment by cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs). Methods: A 24-week, open-label study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of a ChEI, galantamine, in 50 patients with DLB. Results: This study showed beneficial effects with galantamine in 2 of the 3 primary efficacy parameters. The scores on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-12) improved by 8.24 points from baseline (p = 0.01) especially in visual hallucinations and nighttime behaviors (p = 0.004). The scores on the Clinician's Global Impression of Change improved by 0.5 points from baseline (p = 0.01). The third primary efficacy parameter, the Cognitive Drug R...

2007-01-01

460

Development and validation of a reference measurement procedure for certification of phenytoin, phenobarbital, lamotrigine, and topiramate in human serum using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PHB), lamotrigine (LTG), and topiramate (TPM) are some of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Monitoring of their concentrations in serum is important for the treatment of epilepsy. A reference measurement procedure (RMP) for certification of PHT, PHB, LTG, and TPM in serum has been developed and critically evaluated. Isotopically labeled compounds of PHT, PHB, LTG, and TPM are used as internal standards for the four AEDs. The four drugs and their respective labeled internal standards are simultaneously extracted from serum using solid-phase extraction prior to reversed-phase liquid chromatography?tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was performed using a C18 column. Electrospray ionization (ESI) in the positive ion mo...

2011-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

461

Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography of radioactively labeled carbohydrate components of proteoglycans

Adalimumab sustains steroid-free remission after 3-years of therapy for Crohn-s disease

Methods were developed for the separation of radioactively labeled carbohydrate components of proteoglycans by isocratic ion-moderated partition HPLC. Neutral sugars were separated after hydrolysis in trifluoroacetic acid with baseline separation between glucose, xylose, galactose, fucose, and mannose. N-Acetylneuraminic acid, N-acetylated hexosamines, glucose, galactose, and xylitol were likewise well separated from each other under isocratic elution conditions. Glucuronic acid, iduronic acid, and their lactones were separated after hydrolysis in formic acid and sulfuric acid. Glucosamine, galactosamine, galactosaminitol, and glucosaminitol were separated by HPLC on a cation exchanger with neutral buffer after hydrolysis in hydrochloric acid. THe separation techniques also proved useful in fractionation of exoglycosidase digests of O- and N-linked oligosaccharides. Separations of aldoses, hexosamines, and uronic acids were adapted to sensitive photometric ...

1986-04-01

462

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary Background- Treatments that achieve sustainable steroid-free clinical remission in Crohn-s disease are needed; however, long-term steroid-sparing efficacy data are limited. Aim- To evaluate steroid-sparing efficacy and the impact of steroid discontinuation on adverse events during treatment of Crohn's disease with adalimumab in the phase III randomised, double-blind 1-year CHARM trial and for an additional 2-years in its open-label extension ADHERE. Methods- Steroid-free remission and response and steroid-sparing (-50% steroid dose reduction) remission rates were evaluated over 3-years in patients who were taking corticosteroids at CHARM baseline. Results- Of 778 patients randomised in CHARM (including those who did not achieve clinical response to open-label induction therapy), 31...

2011-01-01

463

Wnt/b-catenin signal pathway stabilizes APP intracellular domain (AICD) and promotes its transcriptional activity

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Amyloid precursor protein (APP), a key protein in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a type I transmembrane protein which can be cleaved by b- and g-secretase to release the amyloidogenic b-amyloid peptides (Ab) and the APP intracellular domain (AICD). While Ab has been widely believed to initiate pathogenic cascades culminating AD, the physiological functions and regulations of AICD remain elusive. In present study, endogenous AICD was demonstrated to be increased by canonical Wnt signal. Instead of due to g-secretase activity, enhanced AICD expression was found due to the increased protein stability by Wnt/b-catenin. b-Catenin was demonstrated to be an associating partner of AICD, capable of promoting AICD mediated transcriptional activity. Investigation by AICD mutants proved ...

2011-01-01

464

The use of fibrous, supramolecular membranes and human tubular cells for renal epithelial tissue engineering: towards a suitable membrane for a bioartificial kidney.

THE EFFECT OF PROCESS VARIABLES FOR PRODUCTION OF COBIA (RACHYCENTRON CANADUM) SKIN GELATIN HYDROLYSATES WITH ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES

A bioartificial kidney, which is composed of a membrane cartridge with renal epithelial cells, can substitute important kidney functions in patients with renal failure. A particular challenge is the maintenance of monolayer integrity and specialized renal epithelial cell functions ex vivo. We hypothesized that this can be improved by electro-spun, supramolecular polymer membranes which show clear benefits in ease of processability. We found that after 7?d, in comparison to conventional microporous membranes, renal tubular cells cultured on top of our fibrous supramolecular membranes formed polarized monolayers, which is prerequisite for a well-functioning bioartificial kidney. In future, these supramolecular membranes allow for incorporation of peptides that may increase cell function even further. PMID:20715132

2010-11-10

465

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Acid-treated cobia (Rachycentron canadum) skin was extracted in a retort (121C) to obtain retorted skin gelatin hydrolysates (RSGHs) containing antioxidant peptides with noticeable antioxidant properties. To improve the antioxidant activity of cobia RSGHs, five processing factors including alkali concentration, alkali pretreatment time, phosphoric acid concentration (PC), water/skin ratio (WS) and retorting time (RT) in RSGH production were screened using a fractional factorial design to identify critical factors. It indicated that PC, WS and RT had significant effects on ,-diphenyl--picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging by RSGHs. Subsequently, the optimization of PC, WS and RT on the DPPH scavenging of RSGHs was studied using a central composite design to collect data that resulted in...

2011-01-01

466

T cell receptor beta chain from sea bream (Sparus aurata): Molecular cloning, expression and modelling of the complexes with MHC class I

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The T cell receptor is a fundamental mediator of the adaptive immune responses, since TR ab on T cells recognize foreign structures (peptides derived from processed antigens) bound to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on APC cells. In the present study, we report the cloning of six TRB chains cDNA sequences from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), a fish of high economical impact in South Mediterranean aquaculture. The V-BETA domains have the canonical features of known teleost and mammalian TR V-BETA domains and have been divided in four different subgroups. A multiple alignment of the six sea bream TRB chains with other known TRB sequences was assembled and showed the conservation of the four cysteine residues involved in disulphide bonds and of some amino acids with an importan...

2008-01-01

467

Spermatozoa of Sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) express opioid receptors

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) are molecules affecting many biological functions influencing productive and reproductive performance. They increase in stress conditions and interact with specific opioidergic receptors (OR): delta, kappa and mu. Several studies in other animal species suggest that they can also affect sperm cell motility. In fish the ionic external environment modulates the increase of intracellular calcium ion that is required to activate sperm motility after spawning. In mammals OR are functionally associated to calcium channels and in fishes calcium is highly required for fish sperm activation. In this study the presence of OR on spermatozoa of two Perciform fish, the sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo, family Sparidae) and the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labr...

2010-01-01

468

Sequences of versatile, broad-host-range vectors of the RK2 family.

Research update: Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease

Plasmid pRK404-a smaller derivative of RK2-is a tetracycline-resistant broad-host-range vector that carries a multiple cloning site and the lacZ(alpha) peptide that enables blue/white selection for cloned inserts in Escherichia coli. We present herein the complete and annotated sequence of pRK404 and three related vectors-pRK437, pRK442, and pRK442(H). These derivatives have proven to be valuable tools for genetic manipulation in Gram-negative bacteria. The knowledge of their complete sequences will facilitate efficient future engineering of them and will enhance their general applicability to the design of genetic systems for use in organisms for which new genomic sequence data are becoming available.

2003-07-01

469

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Aberrant amyloid-b peptide (Ab) accumulation along with altered expression and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) stand prominently in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since the discovery that Ab is bound to a7 nAChRs under many experimental settings, including post-mortem AD brain, much effort has been expended to understand the implications of this interaction in the disease milieu. This research update will review the current literature on the a7 nAChR-Ab interaction in vitro and in vivo, the functional consequences of this interaction from sub-cellular to cognitive levels, and discuss the implications these relationships might have for AD therapies.

2011-01-01

470

Pleiotropic regulation of macrophage polarization and tumorigenesis by formyl peptide receptor-2

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Cancer cells recruit monocytes, macrophages and other inflammatory cells by producing abundant chemoattractants and growth factors, such as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF/CSF-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), to promote tumor growth and dissemination. An understanding of the mechanisms that target cancer cells and regulate tumor microenvironment is essential in designing anticancer therapies. Here, we showed that serum amyloid-A (SAA) and cathelicidin (LL-37) stimulated M-CSF and MCP-1 expression with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration; conversely, lipoxin-A4 (LXA4) and annexin-A1 (ANXA1) inhibited LPS-induced M-CSF and MCP-1 production by human (HepG2) and mouse (H22) hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs). The effects of LXA4, ANXA1, SAA ...

2011-01-01

471

Modular Design in Natural and Biomimetic Soft Materials

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Under eons of evolutionary and environmental pressure, biological systems have developed strong and lightweight peptide-based polymeric materials by using the 20 naturally occurring amino acids as principal monomeric units. These materials outperform their man-made counterparts in the following ways: 1)-multifunctionality/tunability, 2)-adaptability/stimuli-responsiveness, 3)-synthesis and processing under ambient and aqueous conditions, and 4)-recyclability and biodegradability. The universal design strategy that affords these advanced properties involves -bottom-up- synthesis and modular, hierarchical organization both within and across multiple length-scales. The field of -biomimicry--elucidating and co-opting nature-s basic material design principles and molecular building blo...

2011-01-01

472

Knowledge-Based Identification of the ERK2/STAT3 Signal Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes and Drug Discovery

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Many existing agents for diabetes therapy are unable to restore or maintain normal glucose homeostasis or prevent the eventual emergence of hyperglycemia-related complication. Therefore, agents based on novel mechanisms are sought to complement and extend the current therapeutic approaches. Based on the initial paper research, we focused on active STAT3 as an attractive pharmacological target for type 2 diabetes. The subsequent text mining with a unique query to identify suppressors but not activators of STAT3 revealed the ERK2/STAT3 pathway as a novel diabetes target. The description of ERK2 inhibitors as diabetes target had not been found in our text mining research at present. The mechanism-based peptide inhibitor for ERK2 was identified using the knowledge of the KIM sequence, which ha...

2011-01-01

473

Insight into Thyroid-Stimulating Autoantibody Interaction with the Thyrotropin Receptor N-Terminus Based on Mutagenesis and Re-Evaluation of Ambiguity in This Region of the Receptor Crystal Structure

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background: Thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies (TSAb) bind to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) extracellular domain, or ectodomain (ECD), comprising a leucine-rich repeat domain (LRD) linked by a hinge region to the transmembrane domain (TMD). The LRD (residues 22???260; signal peptide 1???21) contains two disulfide-bonded loops at its N-terminus. In the crystal structure of the isolated LRD complexed with human TSAb monoclonal antibody (mAb) M22, N-terminal disulfide loop 1 (residues 22???30) could not be determined because of crystal disorder. Nevertheless, present crystal structure data are interpreted to exclude a role for the LRD N-terminal disulfide loops in the TSAb epitope(s), contradicting prior functional evidence of a role for these loops in TSAb function. Materials and Methods: ...

2011-01-01

474

Human and rat mast cell high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptors: Characterization of putative. alpha. -chain gene products

Electron Capture Dissociation Implementation Progress in Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

The authors have cloned and determined the entire nucleotide sequence of cDNAs corresponding to the putative {alpha} subunits of the human and rat mast cell high-affinity IgE receptors. Both human and rat cDNAs encode an NH{sub 2}-terminal signal peptide, two immunoglobulin-like extracellular domains (encoded by discrete exons), a hydrophobic transmembrane region, and a positively charged cytoplasmic tail. The human and rat {alpha} subunits share an overall homology with one another and the immunoglobulin gene family, suggesting that they arose from a common ancestral gene and continue to share structural homology with their ligands. In addition, the rat gene is transcribed into at least three distinct forms, each of which yields a somewhat different coding sequence.

1988-03-01

475

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Successful electron capture dissociation (ECD) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) applications to peptide and protein structural analysis have been enabled by constant progress in implementation of improved electron injection techniques. The rate of ECD product ion formation has been increased to match the liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis timescales, and ECD has been combined with infrared multiphoton dissociation in a single experimental configuration to provide simultaneous irradiation, fast switching between the two techniques, and good spatial overlap between ion, photon, and electron beams. Here we begin by describing advantages and disadvantages of the various existing electron injection techniques for ECD in FT-ICR MS. We next ...

2008-01-01

476

Copper-64 Radiopharmaceuticals for PET Imaging of Cancer: Advances in Preclinical and Clinical Research

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summation Copper-64 (T1/2?=?12.7 hours; ?+, 0.653?MeV [17.8 %]; ??, 0.579?MeV [38.4 %]) has decay characteristics that allow for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and targeted radiotherapy of cancer. The well-established coordination chemistry of copper allows for its reaction with a wide variety of chelator systems that can potentially be linked to peptides and other biologically relevant small molecules, antibodies, proteins, and nanoparticles. The 12.7-hours half-life of 64Cu provides the flexibility to image both smaller molecules and larger, slower clearing proteins and nanoparticles. In a practical sense, the radionuclide or the 64Cu-radiopharmaceuticals can be easily shipped for PET imaging studies at sites remote to the production facility. Due to the versatility of 64Cu, ...

2009-01-01

477

Consensus sequence L/PKSSLL mimics crucial epitope on Loop III of Taiwan cobra cardiotoxin

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Phage display is effective in screening peptides that mimic venom's neutralizing epitopes. A phage display cyclized heptapeptide library (C7C library) was panned with purified divalent antivenin IgG, which neutralizes Naja naja atra venom (NAV) and Bungarus multicinctus venom (BMV). The selected heptapeptide sequences were aligned with known protein sequences of NAV and BMV in GenBank. One of the four consensus sequences, L/PKSSLL, mimicked the crucial epitope on Loop III of Taiwan cobra cardiotoxin that is associated with the venom's lethal potency. In dot blot analysis, several clones showed varying reactivities for NAV monovalent antivenin and lesser cross-reactions with BMV monovalent antivenin. The KSSLLRN-carrying phage occurred four times in selected clones and showed the strongest ...

2009-01-01

478

Concentration and surface of absorption: Concepts and applications to gastrointestinal patches delivery

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Gastrointestinal patches represent a novel multiparticulate drug delivery system able to increase the intestinal absorption of drugs with poor bioavailability. The number of patches to administer is a critical issue since it is related to the surface and drug concentration at the absorption site. The objective of this article is to evaluate the effect of the number of administered patches on the final absorption of leuprolide, a peptide chosen as model drug, assuming complete adhesion of all the devices to the intestinal membrane. The same dose of leuprolide was encapsulated into 2, 4 and 6 patches; the resulting intestinal absorption profiles were measured with the Ussing chamber ex vivo experimental setup and compared between them. The results showed that varying the number of patches, t...

2011-01-01

479

Codon-modifications and an endoplasmic reticulum-targeting sequence additively enhance expression of an Aspergillus phytase gene in transgenic canola

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Transgenic plants offer advantages for biomolecule production because plants can be grown on a large scale and the recombinant macromolecules can be easily harvested and extracted. We introduced an Aspergillus phytase gene into canola (Brassica napus) (line 9412 with low erucic acid and low glucosinolates) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Phytase expression in transgenic plant was enhanced with a synthetic phytase gene according to the Brassica codon usage and an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal KDEL that confers an ER accumulation of the recombinant phytase. Secretion of the phytase to the extracellular fluid was also established by the use of the tobacco PR-S signal peptide. Phytase accumulation in mature seed accounted for 2.6% of the total soluble proteins. The enzy...

2006-01-01

480

Chemistry between crosslinks affects the properties of peptide hydrogels

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Protein hydrogels were prepared by substituting ovalbumin with different concentrations of ethyl vinyl sulfone (EVS) or acrylic acid (AA) and crosslinking with divinyl sulfone (DVS). Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic studies confirmed the addition of EVS, AA, and DVS onto the protein. Swelling was assessed as a function of pH in the range of 2.5 to 9.4 and ionic strength. The elastic modulus of the gels was determined in shear and compression. Stress relaxation was assessed in compression. The substituent highly affected swelling and modulus with both hydrogels displaying non-Gaussian behavior in the range of hydrogel environments studied. Acrylic acid substituted ovalbumin exhibited a decreasing modulus with increasing swelling behaving as a polyelectrolyte with low added s...

2011-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

481

Branching in Amyloid Fibril Growth

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Using the peptide hormone glucagon and Ab(1-40) as model systems, we have sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which fibrils grow and multiply. We here present real-time observations of growing fibrils at a single-fibril level. Growing from preformed seeds, glucagon fibrils were able to generate new fibril ends by continuously branching into new fibrils. To our knowledge, this is the first time amyloid fibril branching has been observed in real-time. Glucagon fibrils formed by branching always grew in the forward direction of the parent fibril with a preferred angle of 35-40degree. Furthermore, branching never occurred at the tip of the parent fibril. In contrast, in a previous study by some of us, Ab(1-40) fibrils grew exclusively by elongation of preformed seeds. Fibrillation kinetics i...

2009-01-01

482

Bioinformatic analysis of BBTV satellite DNA in Hainan

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), family Nanaviridae, genus Babuvirus, is a single stranded DNA virus (ssDNA) that causes banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) in banana plants. It is the most common and most destructive of all viruses in these plants and is widespread throughout the Asia-Pacific region. In this study we isolated, cloned and sequenced a BBTV sample from Hainan Island, China. The results from sequencing and bioinformatics analysis indicate this isolate represents a satellite DNA component with 12 DNA sequences motifs. We also predicted the physical and chemical properties, structure, signal peptide, phosphorylation, secondary structure, tertiary structure and functional domains of its encoding protein, and compare them with the corresponding quantities in the replication initiatio...

2011-01-01

483

Thermal electron attachment and detachment, and electron affinities

Study of phosphonate addition and hydrodynamic conditions on ordinary steel corrosion inhibition in simulated cooling water

Knighton et al. used a pulsed high pressure mass spectrometer to examine thermal electron detachment from C_6F_6"-. This technique had been used earlier for the measurement or detachment rate coefficients for azulene anions as a function of temperature. C_6F_6"- and c-C_4F_6"- have been studied by Datskos et al. using a pulsed drift tube. In our laboratory, we have used a flowing afterglow Langmuir probe (FALP) apparatus to measure the thermal electron detachment rate coefficient for c-C_4F_8"- ions at 375 K. We have also measured the electron attachment rate coefficient for c-C_4F_8 at 303 K and 375 K. (author).

1994-03-20

484

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of phosphonate anion (PHOS) on the corrosion of ordinary steel in simulated cooling water has been studied using weight loss, polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. PHOS was studied in the concentration range from 7.5x10^-^5 to 10^-^3M. The results obtained reveal that PHOS perform excellently as corrosion inhibitor for ordinary steel in simulated cooling water. The inhibition efficiency of PHOS was increased with increasing both its concentration and water circulation velocity. These two factors seem to promote the adsorption of phosphorus and oxygen ions on the metal surface, leading to the formation of a protective layer with a greater charge transfer resistance and lower permeability. The inhibition efficiency decreased slightly with tem...

2010-01-01

485

Sodium gluconate as corrosion and scale inhibitor of ordinary steel in simulated cooling water

Sodium gluconate as corrosion and scale inhibitor of ordinary steel in simulated cooling water

The effect of sodium gluconate anion (SG) on the corrosion and scale inhibition of ordinary steel in simulated cooling water has been studied using weight loss, polarisation curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. SG was studied in concentration from 10{sup -4} M to 10{sup -1} M. Results obtained reveal that SG perform excellently as corrosion and scaling inhibitor for ordinary steel in simulated cooling water. An increase of SG concentration leads to the increase of the corrosion potential towards the positive direction. The inhibition efficiency was a low temperature dependence. The inhibitor mechanism was treated as an adsorption process according to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The SEM/EDAX data show that was a corrosion and scale inhibitor.

2008-06-15

486

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of sodium gluconate anion (SG) on the corrosion and scale inhibition of ordinary steel in simulated cooling water has been studied using weight loss, polarisation curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. SG was studied in concentration from 10-4M to 10-1M. Results obtained reveal that SG perform excellently as corrosion and scaling inhibitor for ordinary steel in simulated cooling water. An increase of SG concentration leads to the increase of the corrosion potential towards the positive direction. The inhibition efficiency was a low temperature dependence. The inhibitor mechanism was treated as an adsorption process according to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The SEM/EDAX data show that was a corrosion and scale inhi...

2008-01-01

487

Separation of {sup 187,188}Pt and {sup 187,188}Ir produced in {sup 11}B{sup 4+} irradiated tantalum target

Separation of rubidium from irradiated aluminum-encapsulated uranium

Heavy ion irradiation on tantalum metal target with 57 MeV {sup 11}B{sup 4+} leads to the production of no-carrier-added radioisotopes of platinum, {sup 187,188}Pt and iridium, {sup 187,188}Ir in the matrix, which have been effectively separated from the bulk target and from each other with suitable anion exchangers employing liquid-liquid extraction (LLX). Also {sup 188,189}Pt and {sup 188,189}Ir radionuclides have been produced, from their short-lived precursors {sup 188,189}Au, in {sup 12}C{sup 6+} irradiated tantalum matrix. Gamma-spectroscopy has been utilised to determine the production, extent of separation and purity of the radiotracers at different stages of the experiment. (orig.)

2000-07-01

488

Separation of rubidium from irradiated aluminum-encapsulated uranium

A procedure was developed for separating rubidium from irradiated aluminum encapsulated uranium. The separations procedure produces a final ultra-high purity RbCl product for subsequent high performance mass spectrometric analysis. The procedure involves first removing most of the macro-components and fission products by strong base anion exchange using, first, concentrated HCl, then oxalic acid media and second, selectively separating rubidium from alkaline-earth ions and other alkali-metal ions, including cesium, using Bio-Rex-40 cation-exchange resin. The resultant RbCl is then put through a final vacuum sublimation step. Ultra-pure reagents and specially clean glassware are used throughout the procedure to minimize contamination by naturally-occurring rubidium.

1993-05-01

489

Preparation of AgX (X = Cl, I) nanoparticles using ionic liquids

A procedure was developed for separating rubidium from irradiated aluminum encapsulated uranium. The separations procedure produces a final ultra-high purity RbCl product for subsequent high performance mass spectrometric analysis. The procedure involves first removing most of the macro-components and fission products by strong base anion exchange using, first, concentrated HCl, then oxalic acid media and second, selectively separating rubidium from alkaline-earth ions and other alkali-metal ions, including cesium, using Bio-Rex-40 cation-exchange resin. The resultant RbCl is then put through a final vacuum sublimation step. Ultra-pure reagents and specially clean glassware are used throughout the procedure to minimize contamination by naturally-occurring rubidium.

1982-01-01

490

Nonlinear conductivity with an extremely small threshold electric field in the organic conductor (TSM-TTP)(I3)5/3

Nanoparticles of silver halides have been prepared by mixing silver halide powder with a single liquid phase consisting of an ionic liquid, isooctane, n-decanol and water. Much higher nanoparticle concentrations may be formed with ionic liquids using this new simple method than are found with conventionally applied surfactants. This method also emphasizes the applicability of ionic liquids as versatile components in microemulsions and as solvents for the synthesis of nanomaterials. The effect on the nanoparticles of changing the composition of the liquid mixtures and the nature of the ionic liquid is analysed. High nanoparticle concentrations were only found with chloride based ionic liquids, indicating the importance of the ionic liquid anion in the mechanism of the reaction.

2008-03-12

491

Mechanism of solubilization in detergent solutions

(TSM-TTP)(I3)5/3 is a 1/6 -filled one-dimensional system composed of an extended donor molecule which has two tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units in a molecule, where TSM-TTP is 2,5-bis[4,5-bis(methylseleno)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene. Nonlinear conductivity is observed in the insulating state below 20K , and the metallic state is restored above a very small threshold electric field of 0.3V/cm at 4.2K . The extremely sensitive nonlinearity is ascribed to the inhomogeneous insulating state generated by the weak and disordered anion potentials on the otherwise highly conducting intramolecular charge order state in the double-TTF molecule.

2007-06-01

492

Investigation of the electronic structure of base adducts derived from tris(#eta#"5-cyclopentadienyl)-lanthanide(III) and related compound types

The kinetics of the solubilization of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and monopalmitin have been studied in detergent solutions as a function of concentration, temperature, and fluid flow. The detergents used were sodium dodecyl sulfate (an anionic surfactant), decyltrimethylammonium bromide (a cationic surfactant), sodium taurocholate (a trihydroxy bile salt), sodium taurodeoxycholate (a dihydroxy bile salt), and triton X-100 (a nonionic surfactant). At low temperature, solubilization can be described by a five-step mechanism is which micelle desorption and diffusion are rate controlling. At temperatures above the fatty acid penetration temperature, solubilization is governed by formation of a liquid crystalline phase at the fatty acid-detergent solution interface.

1981-11-01

493

Estimating the stabilities of aqueous actinide complexes with sulfoxy-anions

The purpose of this work is the elucidation of the f"n electronic structure of neutral mono base adducts derived from tris(#eta#"5-cyclopentadienyl)-lanthanide(III) (Cp_2Ln). The available data on related compounds like bis adducts and anionic mono adducts of the same moiety was also analyzed. The first aim was to derive the experimental crystal field splitting pattern from optical, magnetooptical and magnetochemical measurements and to reproduce it using an empirical Hamiltonian operator. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors obtained in this manner were used for a quantitative interpretation of the magnetochemical, EPR- and NMR-spectroscopic properties. For the latter subject it was necessary to develop an own procedure for the NMR analysis of paramagnetic compounds. This method is based on factor analysis and as demonstrated in the second part of this work, is clearly superior to all previous procedures. (orig.).

494

Electronic structures of organometallic complexes of f elements. XLIV. Parametrization of the crystal field splitting pattern of [(MeCp)_3PrCl]"-

Full text of publication follows: Stable aqueous sulfur species are mainly sulfide (H{sub 2}S) and sulfate (SO{sub 4}{sup 2-}) ions. However, several sulfoxy-anions may be detected as metastable anions in natural environment, as typically thiosulfate (S{sub 2}O{sub 3}{sup 2-}) and sulfite (SO{sub 3}{sup 2-}) ions [1]. In natural systems, uranium speciation and migration are mainly governed by carbonate complexes in non reducing conditions. Whereas sulfate is already known as a complexing agent of actinides, data relating to U-SO{sub 3}{sup 2-} and U-S{sub 2}O{sub 3}{sup 2-} complexes have only been proposed for U(VI) [2], but are usually not included in thermodynamic databases [3]. Therefore, it appears to be relevant to determine complexation constants of actinides with sulfur ligands, for RN migration studies, concerning nuclear waste disposal as well as migration behaviour in the geosphere. In the present study, values have been estimated ...

2005-07-01

495

Electron binding to isolated polar molecules and molecular dipole assemblies

The absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of [N(n-Bu)_4]"+[(MeCp)_3PrCl]"- dissolved in 2-MeTHF were measured at room and at low temperatures. On the basis of these spectra the crystal field splitting pattern could be derived. The parameters of an empirical Hamiltonian were fitted to the energies of 42 levels to give an r.m.s. deviation of 23 cm"-"1. From the crystal field parameters obtained the crystal field strength of the ligand collective was estimated. Compared with neutral Cp_3Pr circle B complexes the crystal field strength of the anionic [(MeCp)_3PrCl]"- moiety is unusually low. (orig.)

1998-07-24

496

Detrital processing in streams exposed to acidic precipitation in the Central Appalachian Mountains

In a sufficiently large cluster of several polar molecules, collective interactions lead to localization or 'solvation' of electrons. The existence of the solvated electron is known since 1863 in liquid ammonia and since 1962 for liquid water. In 1984, electron localization in clusters was experimentally demonstrated in (H_2O)_N_#>=#_1_1 and (NH_3)_N_#>=#_3_4 clusters. In cooperation with K. Bowen, we recently initiated a test of the theory of electron binding by a dipole and a new ground state dipole bound dimer anion, (H_2O..NH_3), was predicted and observed. We here describe results of a search for new dipole-bound and solvated electron systems. (author).

1994-03-20

497

Behavior of Np(VII, VI, V) in Silicate Solutions

Continuing high rates of acidic deposition in the eastern United States may lead to long-term effects on stream communities, because sensitive catchments are continuing to lose anions and cations. A two-year study of the effects of pH and associated water chemistry variables on detrital processing in three streams with different bedrock geology in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia were investigated. Leaf pack processing rates and macroinvertebrate colonization and microbial biomass (ATP concentration) on the packs in the three stream were compared. It was found that macroinvertebrate and microbial communities differed both among streams that differed in their capacity to buffer the effects of acidic precipitation and among years in the same stream; these differences in biotic communities were not large enough to affect rates of leaf processing between the two years of the study, but they did significantly affect processing rates between acidic and ...

498

Analysis of polyelectrolyte complexes formed with jicama pectic polysaccharide and water-soluble chitosan

Spectrophotometric methods were used to investigate the properties of neptunium(VII), (VI), and (V) in silicate solution. The transition of cationic neptunium(VII) to anionic species in non-complexing environments proceeds in the range of ?? 5.5 to 7.5. In the presence of carbonate, this transition occurs at ?? 10.0 to 11.5 and in silicate solutions at ?? 10.5-12.0. These findings show that cationic neptunium(VII) forms complexes with both carbonate and silicate and that the silicate complex is stronger than that of the carbonate. The competition of complex formation reactions for neptunium(VI) with carbonate and silicate and on the known complex stability constant of NpO2(CO3)34- allowed the NpO2SiO3 complex stability constant, log ? = 16.5, to be estimated. Determination of the formation constant of Np(V) complexes with SiO32- was not possible using similar methods.

2004-11-30

499

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus L.) is a root-based legume that has been cultivated in Mexico for centuries. Pectic polysaccharide from de-starched jicama pomace was extracted using an autoclave-assisted process and physicochemically characterized. The extracted polysaccharide (1.0 g L-1) was used for the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) with water-soluble chitosan (WSCh; 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g L-1). The extraction yield of jicama pectic polysaccharide was 22.8 wt% (dry basis) and infrared spectroscopic analysis showed that it was methoxylated to a small degree. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that this biopolymer was very stable, its weight loss being 51.2% after heating at 479 C. Anion-exchange chromatography showed it to have a wide and heterogeneous charge density. Th...

2011-01-01

500

Adsorption of iodine ions in modified activated charcoal