International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The neutron capture cross sections of the stable molybdenum isotopes have been measured with high energy resolution (#DELTA#E/E < approximately 0.2%), between 3 and 90 keV neutron energy, at the 40 m station of ORELA. Average resonance parameters are extracted for s- and p-wave resonances. The s-wave neutron strength function is close to 0.5x10"-"4 for all isotopes, but the p-wave strength function exhibits a well defined peak near A approximately 95. Both s- and p-wave radiative widths decrease markedly as further neutrons are added to the closed shell. The p-wave radiative widths are generally greater than the s-wave widths showing the presence of non-statistical #gamma#-decay mechanisms. Valence neutron theory fails to explain the magnitude of the p- to s-wave radiative width disparity and doorway state processes are invoked. In particular, the data for "9"8Mo appear to violate the usual valence theory, since the correlations between ...

Science.gov (United States)

In this paper, the following topics are studied: uranium 238 effective integral; thermal range uranium 238 capture cross section; Americium 242 m capture cross section. The mentioned examples show that differential and integral experiments are both useful...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The capture cross sections of Am 242m can be deduced from resonances analysis at low energy and computed with theoretical models at high energy. In this work, a coherent set of cross sections which reproduced the experimental values of the fission cross sections is computed. These calculations were performed for an energy of the incoming neutron between 1 keV and 1 MeV.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Over the recent years the nuclear structure around the N = 50 shell closure, which is very pronounced in the strontium and zirconium isotopes, has been the subject of extensive experimental and theoretical work. On the proton side Z = 38 and Z = 40 provide fairly closed sub-shells. In the strontium isotopes the lg/sub 9/2/ neutron shell is closed at "8"8Sr, supplying relatively pure neutron-hole and neutron-particle states with large spectroscopic factors in "8"7Sr and "8"9Sr, as well as core-coupled states. The mass region is thus ideally suited to examine the transition from a correlated to an uncorrelated (chaotic?) excitational behavior. These two types are characterized e.g. by the density of excited states, the transition strengths, and the spectroscopic factors observed in transfer reactions. We conducted (n,#gamma#) and (d,p) reactions leading to /sup 87,88,89/Sr in addition to "8"8Sr(d,t)"8"7Sr and 24 keV neutron capture in "8"8Sr. The vast amounts of data ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neutron elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections of _2_3_8U and _2_3_2Th have been measured at the University of Lowell for states below 1.8 MeV. A time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer was used. The disc-shaped scatterer was oriented to optimize energy resolutions for 200-to-500-keV neutrons. Neutrons were obtained via the _7Li(p,n)_7Be reaction. Targets were prepared by in-situ evaporation of Li onto a Ta backing. During the evaporation, the target thickness was monitored using a 5-m-flight-path TOF spectrometer; a typical target had a neutron thickness from 8 to 10 keV for Esub(p) = 2.25.MeV. Spectra were analyzed using the unfolding code TINA; standard peak shapes were obtained from codes LAGUE and LAPA. Results obtained will be presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Measurements of the double-electron-capture process in which a positive ion of iodine becomes a negative ion in a single collision with a magnesium atom are reported between 20 and 90 keV. The cross section is comparable to that for the rare gases and not as large as might be expected from a two-valence-electron atom. This process is probably insignificant in the production of negative ion beams using a magnesium-vapor target.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Applying a total energy absorption {gamma}-ray detector composed of 12 bricks (5x5 cm{sup 2}, 7.5 cm thick) of Bi{sub 4}Ge{sub 3}O{sub 12}(BGO) scintillators, the absolute measurement of capture cross sections for Au and Sb has been made in an energy region between 0.01 eV and 10 eV using the linac time-of-flight method. Incident thermal neutron flux was absolutely determined by using the BGO detection system with a Sm sample. To extend the neutron flux measurement from the thermal neutron region to higher neutron energy, the {sup 10}B(n, {alpha} {gamma}) reaction was applied. Absolute capture yield for the relevant capture sample was obtained by the saturated capture yield at a large resonance of the sample. Gold was selected to investigate the application of the BGO detection system to the absolute measurement of the capture cross ...

Science.gov (United States)

Neutron resonance interactions with /sup 100/Mo were studied at a time-of-flight facility. The transmission of two oxide samples (97.4% /sup 100/Mo) was measured at a 78.20 m flight path and the neutron capture cross section was measured at 40.12 m. Resonance analyses yielded parameters of 124 resonances. Capture ..gamma..-ray spectra from 11 resolved resonances were measured with a Ge(Li) detector at a 10.45 m flight path. In contrast to neighboring nuclei, partial radiation widths of strong p-wave resonances are not in agreement with valence model predictions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bremsstrahlung emitted in the {alpha}+p reaction at 50 MeV/nucleon was studied using a 200 MeV {alpha}-particle beam and a liquid hydrogen target. Double-differential photon cross sections were measured over a wide range of angles and energies. Coherent bremsstrahlung was found to be strong for all photon energies. The cross section is enhanced at the highest photon energies and is characteristic of direct capture to the unbound {sup 5}Li ground and first excited state. With direct capture as a limiting case of coherent bremsstrahlung a consistent reaction picture can be obtained.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper reports measurements of absolute differential cross sections for electron capture and loss for fast hydrogen atoms incident on H_2, N_2, O_2, Ar, and He. Cross sections have been determined in the 2.0- to 5.0-keV energy range over the laboratory angular range 0.02 degree--2 degree, with an angular resolution of 0.02 degree. The high angular resolution allows us to observe structure at small angles in some of the cross sections. Comparison of the present results with those of other authors generally shows very good agreement.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sixteen actinide nuclei: U-234 and -236; Np-237; Pu-236, -237, -238, -242, and -244; Am-241, -242* and -243; and Cm-241, -242, -243, -244, and -248, have been evaluated for ENDF/B-V with particular attention given to the fast fission and capture cross sections. Seven nuclei have not appeared on ENDF/B before and major changes for previous ENDF/B files have been made.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The previous {sup 58}Ni and {sup 60}Ni set of resonance parameters (Endf/B7.O, Jeff-3, etc.) was based on the SAMMY analysis of Oak Ridge National Laboratory neutron transmission, scattering cross section and capture cross section measurements by C.M. Perey et al. The present results were obtained by adding to the SAMMY experimental database the capture cross sections measured recently at the Oak Ridge Linear Electron Accelerator by Guber et al. and the Geel Electron Linear Accelerator and very high-resolution neutron transmission measurements performed by Brusegan et al. A complete resonance parameter covariance matrix (RPCM) was obtained from the SAMMY analysis of the experimental database. The data sets were made consistent, when needed, by adjusting the neutron energy scales, the normalization coefficients, and the background corrections. The RPCM allows the calculation of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The thermal-neutron capture cross section (#sigma#_0_,_g) and the resonance integral (I_0_,_g) leading to the ground state of "2"4"2Am were measured by an activation method for neutron capture by "2"4"1Am. A method with gadolinium, which was similar to the cadmium difference method, was used to measure the cross section #sigma#_0_,_g with attention to resonances of "2"4"1Am. Americium chloride samples containing "2"4"1Am radioisotope were irradiated for 68 h in the long-irradiation plug of the Kyoto University Research Reactor, KUR. Wires of Co/Al and Au/Al alloys were used as monitors to determine thermal-neutron fluxes and epithermal Westcott's indexes at the irradiation positions. An #alpha#-ray spectrometer was used to measure the activity ratios of "2"4"2Cm to "2"4"1Am. On the basis of Westcott's convention, the #sigma#_0_,_g and I_0_,_g values were determined as 628#+-#22 b and 3.5#+-#0.3 kb, ...

Science.gov (United States)

Because of its small cross section, the 88Sr(n,g) reaction is an important bottleneck during s-process nucleosynthesis. Hence, an accurate determination of this rate is needed to better constrain the neutron exposure in s-process models and to more fully exploit the recently discovered isotopic anomalies in certain meteorites. We have completed the resonance analysis of our new and improved measurements of the neutron capture and total cross sections for 88Sr made at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA). We describe our experimental procedures and resonance analysis, compare our results to previous data, and discuss their astrophysical impact.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neutron capture cross sections of actinides are of great relevance for the Transmutation of Nuclear Waste in Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) and Generation-IV reactors. The neutron capture cross sections of {sup 237}Np and {sup 240}Pu in the range of 1 eV to 2 keV were measured at the n-TOF facility with a Total Absorption Calorimeter. The data have been analyzed with the SAMMY code. The corresponding covariance matrices have been generated. The final cross sections are presented and compared to the previously existing ones.The n-TOF {sup 237}Np {sigma}(n,{gamma}) is in agreement with the evaluated data files below 300 eV and its is lower by 10 to 15% up to 2 keV. This discrepancy with the evaluated data files is also observed in the capture cross section derived from the transmission measurements of Gressier et al. In the case of the {sup ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The previous 58Ni and 60Ni set of resonance parameters (ENDF/B-VII-0, JEFF-3, etc.) was based on the SAMMY analysis of Oak Ridge National Laboratory neutron transmission, scattering cross section and capture cross section measurements by C. M. Perey et al. The present results were obtained by adding to the SAMMY experimental data base the capture cross sections measured recently at the Oak Ridge Linear Electron Accelerator by Guber et al. and the Geel Electron Linear Accelerator very high-resolution neutron transmission measurements performed by Brusegan et al. A complete resonance parameter covariance matrix (RPCM) was obtained from the SAMMY analysis of the experimental database. The data sets were made consistent, when needed, by adjusting the neutron energy scales, the normalization coefficients, and the background corrections. The RPCM allows the calculation of the ...

Science.gov (United States)

The following thermal-neutron fission cross sections have been measured in the thermal column of the Materials "Testing Reactor at Idaho Falls, Idaho: Pu/ sup 238/, 18.4 plus or minus 0.9 b; Am/sup 241/, 3.13 plus or minus 0.15 b; Am/sup 245/, 6390 plus or minus 500 b; Am/sup 243/, <0.072 b Cm/sup 243/, 690 plus or minus 50 b; Cm/sup 245/, 1880 plus or minus 150 b. In addition, a pile neutron capture cross section of 520 plus or minus 40 b has been measured for Pu/sup 238/. (auth)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The thermal neutron capture cross sections and the neutron capture resonance integrals of {sup 241}Am leading to the production of the isomer {sup 242m}Am and the ground-state {sup 242g}Am were measured radiochemically by the Cd-ratio technique with neutron flux monitors of Co/Al and Au/Al alloy. Highly-purified {sup 241}Am targets were irradiated in an aluminum capsule by using JMTR. The neutron fluxes and their epithermal neutron fractions were determined by measuring {gamma}-rays of {sup 60}Co and {sup 198}Au. The yields of {sup 242m}Am and {sup 242g}Am were decided by analyzing growth and decay curves of the {alpha}-ray activity ratios {sup 242}Cm/{sup 241}Am. The resultant thermal neutron capture cross sections are 85.7 {+-} 6.3 b and 768 {+-} 58 b for {sup 242m}Am and {sup 242g}Am, and the resonance integrals 114 {+-} 7 b and 1,694 {+-} 146 b, respectively. The differences ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Producing nuclear energy in order to reduce anthropic CO{sub 2} emission and to meet high energy demand, implies three conditions to the nuclear plants of the IV. generation: safety improvements, radioactive waste minimization, and fuel breeding for a sustainable use of the resources. The Thorium fuel cycle used in Molten Salt Reactors seems promising. Many numerical studies based on probabilistic codes are carried out in order to analyse the behaviour of such reactors. Nevertheless, one of the most important parameters is badly known: the alpha ratio of {sup 233}U, ratio of the neutron capture cross section to fission one for {sup 233}U. This key-parameter is necessary to calculate the breeding ratio and thus, the deployment capacities of those reactors. This Ph-D thesis was intended to prepare a precise measurement of the alpha ratio of {sup 233}U between 1 eV and 10 keV. Preliminary measurements have been performed on the experimental ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the framework of nuclear waste transmutation studies, the Mini-INCA project has been initiated at CEA/DSM with objectives to determine optimal conditions for transmutation and incineration of minor actinides (MA) in high intensity neutron fluxes. Our experimental tools based on alpha- and gamma-spectroscopy of the samples and the development of micro fission chambers could gather either microscopic information on nuclear reactions (total or partial cross sections for neutron capture and/or fission reactions) or macroscopic information on transmutation and incineration potentials. Neutron capture cross sections of selected actinides ("2"4"1Am, "2"4"2Am, "2"4"2Pu, "2"3"7Np) have already been measured at ILL, showing some discrepancies when compared to evaluated data libraries but in overall good agreement with recent data. The studies and possibilities offer by the MEGAPIE project to assess neutronic ...

Science.gov (United States)

Amongst the minor actinides issued from the spent nuclear fuel, {sup 241}Am is present in high concentration and contributes significantly to the long-term radiotoxicity of nuclear waste. A major uncertainty was present in the transmutation chain of {sup 241}Am when irradiated by a high intensity thermal neutron flux. This uncertainty was brought about by the poor knowledge of the {sup 242gs}Am neutron capture cross section. A dedicated experiment has been performed at the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble, which gives a definitive experimental answer to this problem.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Atoms in very high Rydberg states, 100 approx-lt n approx-lt 1100, are used to investigate electron-molecule interactions at electron energies extending down to a few microelectronvolts. At such energies the cross section for electron capture by CCl_4 is observed to vary inversely with electron velocity, indicative of an s-wave process. Studies with the polar target CH_3Cl suggest that dipole-supported states may be important in inelastic electron-polar molecule scattering at very low electron energies.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An overview of the past, present and future research activities at the CERN neutron time of flight facility n_TOF is given, with special focus on the astrophysical aspects. During the first campaign (Phase I), neutron capture cross sections of relevance for several aspects of the s-process nucleosynthesis have been measured. A second campaign has recently started (Phase II), aiming at the study of the weak s-process component via accurate (n,#gamma#) measurements of the Fe and Ni isotopes. Some changes in the facility will allow us to perform these measurements with improved experimental conditions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In 2002, an innovative neutron time-of-flight facility started operation at CERN: n_TOF. The main characteristics that make the new facility unique are the high instantaneous neutron flux, high resolution and wide energy range. Combined with state-of-the-art detectors and data acquisition system, these features have allowed to collect high accuracy neutron cross-section data on a variety of isotopes, many of which radioactive, of interest for Nuclear Astrophysics and for applications to advanced reactor technologies. A review of the most important results on capture and fission reactions obtained so far at n_TOF is presented, together with plans for new measurements related to nuclear industry.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The neutron capture cross sections of Sr-88 and Y-89 were measured in a quasi-stellar neutron spectrum for kT = 25 keV via the activation method. Relevant systematic uncertainties were determined experimentally by repeated activations under different conditions and with different samples. Gold was used as a cross section standard. The resulting stellar cross sections for kT = 30 keV are 6.13 + or - 0.18 mbarn for Sr-88 and 19.0 + or - 0.6 mbarn for Y-89. The partial cross section Sr-86(n, gamma) Sr-87m was measured to 48.1 + or - 1.2 mbarn. Compared to previous data, the associated uncertainties are reduced by factors of 3 and 5, respectively. The implications for s-process nucleosynthesis around magic neutron number N = 50 are discussed in the light of new information on neutron density and temperature. 38 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A review of the status of integral measurements is presented for "2"4"0Pu, "2"4"1Pu, "2"4"2Pu, "2"4"1Am and "2"4"3Am. This review includes integral measurements pertinent to thermal reactor systems, i.e., thermal cross sections and resonance integrals, as well as measurements for fast reactor systems. It appears that for these nuclides the data for thermal reactors are in good shape; however, more work is recommended in defining the branching ratio of the capture cross section of "2"4"1Am to the isomeric and ground states of "2"4"2Am. Also, benchmark irradiation data are needed for cross section data testing using depletion/production codes. For fast reactors, experiments are in progress, in the UK, in France, and also in the US, with partial results available at this time. Fast integral data obtained from these measurements will be very beneficial. The recommendation pertaining to "2"4"1Am and proper ...

Science.gov (United States)

The gadolinium isotopes are interesting for reactor applications as well as for medicine and astrophysics. The gadolinium isotopes have some of the largest neutron capture cross sections. As a consequence they are used in the control rod in reactor fuel assembly. From the basic science point of view, there are seven stable isotopes of gadolinium with varying degrees of deformation. Therefore they provide a good testing ground for the study of deformation dependent structure such as the scissors mode. Decay gamma rays following neutron capture on Gd isotopes are detected by the DANCE array, which is located at flight path 14 at the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The high segmentation and close packing of the detector array enable gamma-ray multiplicity measurements. The calorimetric properties of the DANCE array coupled with the neutron time-of-flight technique enables one to gate on a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This work concerns the development of nuclear energy and nuclear waste management in particular. Two parts of this study can be distinguished. In the first part (theoretical), a thorium-plutonium fuel based on MOX and dedicated for PWR was investigated in order to transmute plutonium in a potentially low waste fuel cycle. It was shown that this type of fuel is not regenerative but could be used for a transition to the industrial thorium fuel cycle without building new reactors. Thanks to moderated neutron spectra and high loaded actinide mass in the core, U-233 is quickly created ({approx}300 kg/y) for a loss of about {approx}1200 kg of fissile plutonium. In the second part (experimental), we have developed and built a new reaction chamber to measure neutron cross sections of actinides by alpha-gamma spectroscopy. This experimental device (in principle transportable) was commissioned in the high flux reactor of ILL Grenoble. Neutron flux was measured by gamma ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A gas core fission reactor that utilizes americium in place of uranium is examined for potential utilization as a nuclear rocket for space propulsion. The isomer [sup 242m]Am with a half life of 141 years is obtained from an (n, [gamma]) capture reaction with [sup 241]Am, and has the highest known thermal fission cross section. We consider a 7500 MW reactor, whose propulsion characteristics with [sup 235]U have already been established, and re-examine it using americium. We find that the same performance can be achieved at a comparable fuel density, and a radial size reduction (of both core and moderator/reflector) of about 70%.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

State-of-the-art approaches for the calculation of gamma heating in LMFBR core, blanket and reflector regions have been evaluated, with particular emphasis on coupled neutron-gamma methods/cross section sets. The major source of calculational error was found to be the apparent failure to impose a mass-energy balance on total gamma energy yield from neutron capture and other interactions in the preparation of representative neutron-gamma cross section sets. The applicability of many simplifying assumptions was demonstrated, including: volume-weighted homogenization, insensitivity to the shape of the gamma-source-spectrum, gamma energy deposition equal to gamma energy source more than 10 cm inside large zones of uniform composition, and the negligible effect of bremsstrahlung. A simple one-group method was developed to permit rapid, accurate estimation of the large (factor of 2) changes in the gamma energy ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The neutron-capture cross sections of "1"6"8Yb, "1"8"0W, "1"8"4Os, "1"9"0Pt, and "1"9"6Hg have been measured by means of the activation technique. The samples were irradiated in a quasistellar neutron spectrum of kT=25 keV, which was produced at the Karlsruhe 3.7-MV Van de Graaff accelerator via the "7Li(p,n)"7Be reaction. Systematic uncertainties were investigated in repeated activations with different samples and by variation of the experimental parameters, that is, irradiation times, neutron fluxes, and #gamma#-ray counting conditions. The measured data were converted into Maxwellian-averaged cross sections at kT=30 keV, yielding 1214#+-#61, 624#+-#54, 590#+-#43, 511#+-#46, and 201#+-#11 mb for "1"6"8Yb, "1"8"0W, "1"8"4Os, "1"9"0Pt, and "1"9"6Hg, respectively. The present results either represent first experimental data ("1"6"8Yb, "1"8"4Os, and "1"9"6Hg) or could be determined with significantly reduced uncertainties ...

Science.gov (United States)

... with the ability to capture imagery in raw 24-bit format, combined with large memory storage devices enable high resolution imagery to be captured ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Polycrystalline ZnS semiconducting films have been prepared in sandwich configuration by spray pyrolysis technique using ZnO-coated glass substrates and mixed aqueous solutions of ZnCl{sub 2} and thiourea. The sandwich structures have been produced successfully by means of ZnO-coated glass substrates. The produced ZnS films have been crystallized in a wurtzite structure and had a direct band gap energy of 3.62 eV. The electrical properties of the sample have been studied by an analysis based on the thermally stimulated current spectra in the temperature range of 40-300 K with various heating rates. A set of curves of I (T) for varying initial density of filled traps at a heating rate of {beta} {sub 2}=0.06 K s{sup -1} indicate that the observed peaks in the TSC curve of polycrystalline ZnS films have first-order features. In order to evaluate the trap parameters of ZnS films, we have used curve-fitting method. The values of the frequency factor {nu}, the capture ...

Medline Plus

... the pulmonary vein and because there's a gap, electricity is going across the ablation line and capturing ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An experimental investigation on the air/water counter-current two-phase flow in a horizontal rectangular channel connected to an inclined riser has been conducted. This test-section representing a model of the hot leg of a pressurized water reactor is mounted between two separators in a pressurized experimental vessel. The cross-section and length of the horizontal part of the test-section are (0.25 m x 0.05 m) and 2.59 m, respectively, whereas the inclination angle of the riser is 50 deg. The flow was captured by a high-speed camera in the bended region of the hot leg, delivering a detailed view of the stratified interface as well as of dispersed structures like bubbles and droplets. Countercurrent flow limitation (CCFL), or the onset of flooding, was found by analyzing the water levels measured in the separators. The counter-current flow limitation is defined as the maximum air mass flow rate at which the discharged water mass flow rate is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The problem of efficient capture of nonlinear oscillations into resonance is discussed. The capture is guaranteed by passage through resonance when the system starts in equilibrium and the driving amplitude exceeds a threshold. The threshold problem is described by a universal nonlinear Schroedinger-type equation with a single parameter and cannot be analyzed by perturbation methods. A similar threshold phenomenon is a characteristic of two weakly coupled oscillators with a slow parameter if one of the oscillators starts in equilibrium, allowing efficient capture into resonance and subsequent adiabatic (autoresonant) control of strongly excited nonlinear oscillations.

ScienceCinema

...and it's really a pleasure to ...you and ...and for ...was shelled and then doses of pleasure for me to ...and my director general ...? and journal article ? ...but and yeah well that's um ? ...and ...and what could be achieved ? what might be the consequences ...? and ...and ...and ...and ...and ...structural because and ...over and hopefully is also serve the purpose to get ...principles and ...and ...and ...how to use them and future ...and and that ...and purposes and that's very important ...you and ...and ...and in the future ? and yeah ...true and ...and ...just and and and and and the order of nuclear physics a ...useful and ...too much ? and ...portable comes from and ...and ...and ...and ...no more ? how to knowledge and the and ...and ...and and keep ever seen all of all ? ...and ...and ...and what you're ...and ...and ...and you and ...and ...and ...and so when you keep that and and ...and ...? and ...and ...and ...the problems and the other side ? ...door and a ...and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The processes which are currently studied in the fabrication of B-doped ultra shallow junctions (USJ) usually involve a preamorphization step to reduce B channelling effect during implantation and to improve B electrical activation. At this stage a high amount of Si interstitial atoms (Is), which dramatically increases the B diffusivity, is introduced. The introduction of voids in Si is a promising tool to control B transient enhanced diffusion (TED), because of their ability to capture Is. In this work the efficiency of a cavity band to reduce B TED is checked in silicon interstitial supersaturation conditions, obtained by high dose Si implantation. He is implanted either at 10 keV or at 50 keV with a fluence of 5 x 10"1"6 cm"-"2. Conventional techniques to introduce and activate the B (conventional ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing (RTA)) are applied in order to have a better control of the technological process to focus on the benefit of the cavity ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We investigate the efficacy of mitigating radiation-based single event effects (SEE) within circuits incorporating SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) built with an N-Ring, a transistor-level layout-based radiation hardened by design (RHBD) technique. Previous work of single-device ion-beam induced charge collection (IBICC) studies has demonstrated significant reductions in peak collector charge collection and sensitive area for charge collection; however, few circuit studies using this technique have been performed. Transient studies performed with Sandia National Laboratory's (SNL) 36 MeV 16O microbeam on voltage references built with N-Ring SiGe HBTs have shown mixed results, with reductions in the number of large voltage disruptions in addition to new sensitive areas of low-level output voltage disturbances. Similar discrepancies between device-level IBICC results and circuit measurements are found for the case of digital shift registers implemented with N-Ring SiGe HBTs ...

CERN Document Server

Knowledge management

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development and testing of novel control technologies and advanced adsorbent materials continue to be active areas of research. In the present study, Hg capture using adsorbent material derived from the bauxite residue (red mud) from two North American refineries was studied. The red mud, seawater-neutralised red mud, and acid-treated red mud were evaluated for their mercury adsorption capacity and compared with other, more conventional sorbent materials. Two different seawater-neutralised red mud (Bauxsol) samples were treated with HCl and HBr in an effort to increase the mercury sorption capacity. In all cases, the acid treatment resulted in a significant increase in the total surface area and an increase in the total pore volume. The fixed-bed mercury capture experimental results showed that the HBr activation treatment was very effective at increasing the mercury capture performance of both Bauxsol samples whereas ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The term biological motion is often used by researchers studying the patterns of movement generated by living forms and in sports. We studied a pattern recognition system of motion in sport using biological motion data. Biological motion data are acquired using a 3D motion capture system. However, 3D motion capture systems are very expensive. In this article, a biological motion capture system was built using acceleration sensors. Our proposed system uses the technique of Gaussian fitting and regression analysis. We tested our proposed system in pattern recognition of outdoor tennis and its evaluations.

Science.gov (United States)

(e.g. enclosed cooktop with built in emissions capture and treatment) . " Test hardware in laboratory, reduced pressure and analog habitat. " Objective 1. ...

Wastenet

...smart grid applications where you could place them very close to the high-voltage transmission lines , very close to transformers and so on. Photo:...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Total (elastic+inelastic) cross sections for electron impact on FeO, Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} have been calculated in the energy range 20-5000 eV by employing the additivity rule which expresses the total cross section of a molecule as an incoherent sum over the total cross sections of the constituent atoms of the molecule. The electron-atom cross sections have been obtained by a complex optical potential method through partial-wave analysis. The total cross sections for all the oxides of iron exhibit a maximum around 30 eV. The inelastic cross sections are upper bounds to the corresponding ionisation cross sections. Bethe parameters for inelastic cross sections are given. ((orig.))

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Targeted genome capture combined with next-generation sequencing was used to analyze 2.9 Mb of the DFNB79 interval on chromosome 9q34.3, which includes 108 candidate genes. Genomic...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The gamma-ray spectrum following neutron capture on /sup 87/Sr was measured at 3 neutron energies: E/sub n/ = thermal, 2 keV, and 24 keV. Gamma rays were detected in a three-crystal Ge(Li)-NaI-NaI pair spectrometer. Gamma-ray intensities deduced from these spectra by spectral unfolding are presented.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... compton spectrometers cross sections energy resolution energy-level transitions

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

AimsThis article provides a brief review of recent cross-cultural research on personality traits at both individual and culture levels, highlighting the relevance...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Norway is privileged with extensive resources of natural gas, oil and hydropower. Location of gas fired combined cycle (CC) power plants in Norway offers advantages due to the availability of natural gas from the Norwegian continental shelf and fairly low ambient temperatures, giving high fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency. The continental shelf provides large storage capacity for CO{sub 2} in deep saline aquifers and in drained gas fields. In this paper the results of extensive work on CO{sub 2} capture carried out during the last years by Statoil in co-operation with several engineering contractors, are presented. The goal has been to develop a commercially viable concept for a combined cycle power plant including CO{sub 2} capture and sequestration. The main concept is based on CO{sub 2} capture from exhaust gas from a combined cycle power plant, using absorption by amine (MEA) solutions. The CO{sub 2} is ...

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:16966350

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The energy and intensity of gamma rays as seen in thermal neutron capture are presented. Only those (n,..cap alpha..), E = thermal, reactions for which the residual nucleus mass number is greater than or equal to 45 are included. These correspond to evaluations published in Nuclear Data Sheets. The publication source data are contained in the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF). The data presented here do not involve any additional evaluation. Appendix I lists all the residual nuclides for which the data are included here. Appendix II gives a cumulated index to A-chain evaluations including the year of publication. The capture gamma ray data are given in two tables - the Table 1 is the list of all gamma rays seen in (n,..gamma..) reaction given in the order of increasing energy; the Table II lists the gamma rays according to the nuclide.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neutron capture #gamma#-ray spectra have been measured at 11 average neutron energies from 10 to 530 keV in /sup 88/Sr using a 20 x 15 cm NaI detector with time-of-flight discrimination of background events. The partial radiation widths and the calculated partial valence widths are compared for the strong p-wave resonances at 287 and 321 keV and found to be highly correlated. At these energies, the spectra are dominated by strong transitions to low-lying single particle states, in confirmation of the role of valence capture in the 3p region. However, the data do not support this mechanism at <508> keV.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The sampling is described for radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis. Aerosols are captured with various filter materials whose properties are summed up in the table. Fine dispersed solid and liquid particles and gaseous admixtures may be captured by bubbling air through a suitable absorption solution. The concentration of small amounts of impurities from large volumes of air is done by adsorbing impurities on surfactants, e.g., activated charcoal, silica gel, etc. Aerosols may be captured using an electrostatic precipitator and aerosol fractions may be separated with a cascade impactor. Water sampling differs by the water source, i.e., ground water, surface water, rain or waste water. Soil samples are taken by probes. (ES).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neutron cross sections for Pu-239 and Am-241, -242m, -243 have been analyzed with the aid of theoretical models. A deformed optical potential that fits total, elastic and inelastic differential cross section data and neutron strength functions for Pu-239 and Am-241 have been used. In case of Pu-239 the consistency of absolute fission data and (n, 2n) cross section is investigated. Because of the strong discrepancies in Am fission cross section data a consistent set of calculated cross section values for the chain of Am nuclei is proposed. The present state of knowledge concerning first chance fission cross section allows to analyze fission cross section data of Am-241, -242m, -243, up to 20 MeV. The results thus obtained are compared with ENDF/B-V and JENDL-3 libraries. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The measurement of electron densities using interferometry and refraction measurements in plasmas with cross-sections where the electron density contours are concentric ellipses is examined. Transforms are found for both interferometrically deduced optical path-length differences and refraction angle data obtained from elliptical cross-section plasmas. The transformed data can be inverted to give electron densities using standard techniques developed for circular cross-section plasmas. Refraction of light in elliptical cross-section plasmas is examined using numerical ray tracing.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Purpose.The cornea is protected by apical hydrophilic transmembrane mucins and tears. In pathologic states the mucin barrier is disrupted, creating potential for meibomian lipids...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Photosynthetic antenna complexes capture and concentrate solar radiation by transferring the excitation to the reaction center that stores energy from the photon in chemical bonds. This process occurs...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Optimal sample handling techniques for tissue preparation and storage, RNA extraction and quantification, and target gene detection are crucial for reliable gene expression analysis. Methods...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence rate of newly diagnosed cases of coeliac disease in Italy. DESIGN: This was a descriptive study of coeliac disease incidence in the period 1990-91. SETTING:...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

It is well known that DNA strands bind to silica surfaces in the presence of high concentrations of chaotropic salts. We developed simple methods to evaluate binding and recovery of DNA on flat...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The measurement of K(alpha)/K(beta) X-ray intensity ratio indicates the excitation process and the chemical state of the atom examined. Theoretical considerations on the origin of this property are presented. The difference of these ratios following photoionization and electron capture are calculated by a computer code generating transition matrix elements. The theoretical assumptions involved in the codes are tested by comparing the experimental and calculated data concerning 3d transition element atoms. (D.Gy.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A detailed study was undertaken to examine the potential of iron oxide present in red mud (a waste product from Bayer's alumina process) as a sorbent for SO/sub 2/ capture by dry process. The other constituents present in the red mud can bring about enhanced utilization of the active component provided they are almost completely inert. The practical use of the process has been explored and a few batchwise cyclic operations of SO/sub 2/ capture and regeneration have also been carried out. A kinetic model of the reaction has been proposed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The #gamma#-radiation following thermal neutron capture in "1"0"0Mo has been studied by singles and coincidence measurements. A "1"0"1Mo level scheme has been deduced and is compared with the results of previous (d,p), (n,#gamma#) and "1"0"1Nb decay studies. The existence of the first excited state at 13.51 keV has been confirmed. The present data yield a neutron binding energy of 5398.4 KeV. (Auth.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Phelps N. A. Cluster or capture? Manufacturing foreign direct investment, external economies and agglomeration, Regional Studies.?This paper reviews the nature and significance of external economies associated with multinational enterprise (MNE) participation in the manufacturing industries of host economies. It argues that the balance of forces of internalization and externalization is currently skewed towards the former and the interests of MNEs rather than the latter and the interests of local and national communities and governments. A stylized comparison of developmental and competition state interventions in relation to MNEs and their foreign direct investment (FDI) suggests that in the absence of co-ordinated interventions by governments, there will commonly be a failure of t...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of high energy (> 150 keV) neutral beams for heating and fueling magnetic fusion devices depends on the ability to produce well-collimated negative ion beams. The double capture charge-exchange technique is a known, scalable method. In order to maximize the overall efficiency of the process and to achieve the desired beam characteristics, it is necessary to examine the optical qualities of the beams as well as the total efficiency of beam production. A combined modeling and experimental study of the angular scattering effects in negative ion formation and loss processes has therefore been undertaken.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The electric power industry can use the carbon dioxide absorption process to capture carbon from high-volume flue gas. However, the current cost of the process is too high due to the approximation method used in process design. The absorption column is typically designed with parameters that are assumed to be constant over the whole length of the column, resulting in an oversized unit. This approximation method is no longer valid given new environmental and economic concerns. In order to develop an accurate column design for high-efficiency carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) capture, it is necessary to understand the phenomena taking place in the system. A mechanistic model is presented for a robust absorber design that takes into account mass-transfer and hydrodynamic behaviour within the CO{sub 2} absorption columns. The capture performance of a packed column under a wide range of design and operating conditions was determined ...

Science.gov (United States)

Multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-DXA) has been developed to detect the long-range power-law cross-correlation of considered signals in the presence of non-stationarity. However, crossovers arising from extrinsic periodic trends make the scaling behavior difficult to analyze. We introduce a Fourier filtering method to eliminate the trend effects and systematically investigate the multifractal cross-correlation of simulated and real traffic signals. The crossover locations are found approximately corresponding to the periods of underlying trend. Traffic velocity on one road and flows on adjacent roads show strong cross-correlation. They also present weak multifractality after periodic trends are removed. The traffic velocity and flow are cross-correlated in opposite directions which is accordant to their actual evolution.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between intimate partner violence, rape and HIV among South African men.DesignCross-sectional study involving...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamic and ventilatory effects of prolonged infrarenal aortic cross-clamping in pigs undergoing either laparotomy or laparoscopy. 18 pigs were used for...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The high-energy reaction cross sections of Li and Be isotopes are calculated using a simplified Glauber model and densities constrained by the empirical binding energies. We find excellent agreement with experiment, reproducing the large increase for the most neutron-rich nuclei.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Electron elastic and collisional excitation cross sections from the ground state of potassium are calculated using the noniterative integral-equation method of Henry, Rountree, and Smith [Comput. Phys. Commun. 23, 233 (1981)] in the electron energy range 4#<=#E#<=#200 eV. Configuration-interaction target wave functions that take account of correlation and polarization effects are used to represent the ground state and the six lowest excited states 4p "2P degree, 5s "2S, 3d "2D, 5p "2P degree, 4d "2D, and 6s "2S. Elastic and discrete excitation cross sections are obtained in a seven-state close-coupling (7CC) approximation. The 7CC elastic and excitation cross sections are compared and contrasted. Near threshold the elastic cross section dominates the resonance, 4s "2S#->#4p "2P degree, and the sum of the other remaining excitation cross sections. Comparison of our total ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Instantaneous cross sectional flow velocity profiles from early mitral flow in 10 healthy men were constructed by time interpolation of the velocity data from each point in sequentially delayed two...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss and the concentration of host-derived bone resorptive factors (interleukin-1 beta, tumor...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... Verheij (1980) described how the frequency domain could be exploited using cross spectral density measurements to measure the flexural ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Although other authors had made cross-spectral density measurements, Corcos pointed to the importance of this function as indicative of the true ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... mixing coupled channel theory differential cross sections excited states helium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Total M X-ray cross sections for 12 elements in atomic range 70#<=#Z#<=#92 were measured at 5.96 keV Mn K X-ray photon energy. The average M shell fluorescence yields (anti #omega#_M) of these elements have also been observed using the presently measured cross section values and the theoretical M shell photoionisation cross section values. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The L-subshell and total M-shell X-ray production cross sections of Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb and Bi have been measured by protons of energy between 0.7 and 2.4 MeV. The obtained results for X-ray production cross sections have been compared with the existing experimental data, prediction of the ECPSSR theory and also with fitted empirical cross sections of Strivay and Weber.

Science.gov (United States)

... as the now-famous Missionaries and Cannibals task: three missionaries and three cannibals must cross a river. They have ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication

KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The crossed electron-ion beams technique was used to measure absolute cross sections for single ionization of Ar"2"+, Kr"2"+ and Xe"2"+ ions at electron energies ranging from threshold to 2000 eV. In contrast to some previous measurements, the metastable contents of the ion beams were small even in the case of Xe"2"+. All measured cross section curves show significant contributions from excitation-autoionization and possibly direct ionization of inner-shell electrons. There is evidence for resonance-excitation-double-autoionization in the case of Xe"2"+. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study we extend the analysis of magnetopause crossings observed with Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzer measurements to examine a much larger statistical data set. This study examines 39 maiznetosheath/LLBL intervals from 79 spacecraft-months of observations: these observations were taken from a survey of data from the start of each spacecraft mission and extending through March 1993. In contrast to the previous findings, we find no evidence for a significant dawn/dusk asymmetry in geosynchronous magnetopause crossings.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cross sections for elastic scattering of 12 GeV protons from "4"0Ca nuclei have been calculated using the flucton model. The influence of the collective flucton nucleon correlations on the calculated cross sections is examined. The calculated cross sections are in significant disagreement with the experimental data. This may be considered as an argument against the flucton model. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The crabbing of an incident photon beam from a laser, and the electron beam with which it interacts at the conversion point, is shown to have the same efficiency as in head-on Compton scattering, but with the advantages of a crossing geometry. The resulting #gamma#-ray beam is also crabbed, which allows for a crossing collision point, while maintaining the luminosity at the same value it would have in a head-on collision.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The crabbing of an incident photon beam from a laser, and the electron beam with which it interacts at the conversion point, is shown to have the same efficiency as in head-on Compton scattering, but with the advantages of a crossing geometry. The resulting #gamma#-ray beam is also crabbed, which allows for a crossing collision point, while maintaining the luminosity at the same value it would have in a head-on collision. ((orig.)).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A multi-group neutron-gamma cross-section library in DTF-IV format is supplemented with electron production matrix to generate a coupled neutron-gamma-electron library. This is realized by estimating the contributions from Compton scattering, pair production and photoelectric effect to the electron production cross-sections. A novel application of this new library, which involves transport of neutrons, gammas and electrons, for estimating the Compton current due to a pulse of radiation in air is discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An analysis of the total photoabsorption cross section for nuclei ranging from "4He up to "2"3"8U has been performed in the energy range 0.2-1.0 GeV. Mean total photoabsorption cross sections have been obtained by summing up the contributions from partial photoreactions, and found to follow an A"1-dependence in the 0.2-1.0 GeV range. A review of the available total photoabsorption cross section data is also presented. Comparisons have been made with cross section values calculated by considering both the quasi-deuteron and #pi#-meson photoproduction mechanism of primary nuclear photointeraction. (orig.).

CERN Document Server

In this article, we investigate the "naive non-abelianization" (NNA) contributions of the higher-twist Feynman diagrams to the large-$p_T$ inclusive pion production cross section in proton-proton collisions and present the general formulae for the higher-twist differential cross sections in the case of the running coupling and frozen coupling approaches. We compared the resummed "naive non-abelianization" higher-twist cross sections with the ones obtained in the framework of the frozen coupling approach and leading-twist cross section. The structure of infrared renormalon singularities of the higher twist subprocess cross section and it's resummed expression (the Borel sum) are found. It is shown that the resummed result depends on the choice of the meson wave functions used in the calculations. We discuss the phenomenological consequences of possible higher-twist contributions to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deep inelastic {ital e}{sup {minus}}{ital p} scattering has been studied in both the charged current (CC) and neutral current (NC) reactions at momentum transfers squared {ital Q}{sup 2} above 400GeV{sup 2} using the ZEUS detector at the HERA {ital ep} collider. The CC and NC total cross sections, the NC to CC cross section ratio, and the differential cross sections {ital d}{sigma}/{ital dQ}{sup 2} are presented. From the {ital Q}{sup 2} dependence of the CC cross section, the mass term in the CC propagator is determined to be {ital M}{sub {ital W}}=76{plus_minus}16{plus_minus}13 GeV.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Regularities in the radiation cross-linking of low-density polyethylene under various conditions of ..gamma..-irradiation were studied. It is shown that at the 0.5 GPa pressure and 450 K the gel formation is initiated at doses of about 1 kGy, i.e. at doses 10 times as low as compared to normal conditions. Abnormally high rate of radiation cross-linking at high temperature and high pressure is an evidence of changes in the mechanism of polyethylene, radiation cross-linking, i.e. of the process transition from nonchain to chain conditions. Decrease in the potential barriers of macroradical reactions with macromolecules is the most probable reason of change in the polymer cross-linking nature.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The general responses proposed to reduce CO{sub 2} emissions to the atmosphere are conservation, improved efficiency and fuel substitution. These are valid options but other alternatives such as CO{sub 2} capture and disposal may be more attractive for specific areas. There are good reasons why the capture and disposal option fits the situation in Western Canada. The first and obvious reason is the importance of hydrocarbon energy to the regional economy. Here the economy is based on the production, utilization and sale of hydrocarbons such as coal, oil and natural gas and we intend to stay in business. Besides meeting the Canadian demand, natural gas from Alberta is used in the US as far away as Boston and Los Angeles. Canadian heavy crude oil serves much of the American Midwest and coal from the Canadian Rocky Mountains is exported to Japan. Although many may consider these hydrocarbon reserves and fossil fuel production as part of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of ionic liquids for post combustion capture was discussed. Compared to other solvents, ionic liquids can be used in higher concentrations. Other advantages include the large variation in physical and chemical properties and the non measurable vapor pressure. In this study, 78 different ionic liquids were synthesized and the carbon dioxide absorption rate was measured. The most promising ionic liquids were produced and various tests were made to identify the most suitable absorption solvent. The vapor-liquid equilibrium curve was measured between 40 and 110 degrees C. Pilot plant tests with MEA and one selected ionic liquid test with 30 per cent MEA at the pilot plant at the EVNs Duernrohr Power Station in Lower Austria are running successfully with a capture performance of approximately 87 per cent. The experiments will provide a direct comparison of the energy demand and capture performance between the MEA and the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Coulomg-induced emission of nucleons by relativistic heavy ions is studied with respect to partial cross sections related to the various multipole orders of the electromagnetic field. Since the partial Coulomb cross sections can be factorized into the numbers of virtual photons and the photo cross sections, we first calculate the photo cross sections using the oscillator shell model and 1-particle-1-hole configurations. Then the Coulomb cross sections are obtained by folding the photo cross sections with the numbers of virtual photons. We apply the calculations to the Coulomb scattering of "4"0Ar ions on "8"9Y targets, where experiments at E_l_a_b=1.8 GeV/nucleon were carried out by Mercier et al. The contributions of the various multipole orders are discussed as functions of the projectile energy and the energy range of the emitted nucleons. Also methods ...

CERN Document Server

Bedwyr is a generalization of logic programming that allows model checking directly on syntactic expressions possibly containing bindings. This system, written in OCaml, is a direct implementation of two recent advances in the theory of proof search. The first is centered on the fact that both finite success and finite failure can be captured in the sequent calculus by incorporating inference rules for {\\em definitions} that allow {\\em fixed points} to be explored. As a result, proof search in such a sequent calculus can capture simple model checking problems as well as may and must behavior in operational semantics. The second is that higher-order abstract syntax is directly supported using term-level $\\lambda$-binders and the quantifier known as $\

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many existing proposals either lack sufficient concreteness to make carbon capture and geological sequestration (CCGS) operational or fail to focus on a comprehensive, long term framework for its regulation, thus failing to account adequately for the urgency of the issue, the need to develop immediate experience with large scale demonstration projects, or the financial and other incentives required to launch early demonstration projects. We aim to help fill this void by proposing a roadmap to commercial deployment of CCGS in the United States.This roadmap focuses on the legal and financial incentives necessary for rapid demonstration of geological sequestration in the absence of national restrictions on CO2 emissions. It weaves together existing federal programs and financing opportunities into a set of recommendations for achieving commercial viability of geological sequestration.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Photoelectron resonance capture ionization (PERCI) mass spectrometry has been developed for the direct online analysis of organics, including lipids. Analysis is conducted without the need for sample preparation or chemical derivatization such as methylation, foregoing the use of harmful or toxic chemicals. PERCI is currently being adapted towards the analysis of edible oils. Herein, as a proof of principle of the simplicity and potential utility of this method towards the analysis of edible oils, we present the analysis of the prevalent fatty acids (FA) in Tuscan extra-virgin olive oil along with triolein and linolenic acid (LNA) standards. Ionization of olive oil results in little fragmentation of the prevalent FA, which are measured as their molecular ions, [FA-H]-. The relative concent...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The K/sub ..beta..//K/sub ..cap alpha../ X-ray intensity ratios are measured for Mn and Fe and for six other elements with Z lying in the range 49 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 82 following electron capture decay and photon excitation using /sup 241/Am and /sup 57/Co sources. High-resolution Si(Li) and HpGe detector systems were used in the experiments. The dependence of K/sub ..beta..//K/sub ..cap alpha../ values on the mode of excitation in the case of Mn and Fe is attributed to chemical effects, while no such dependence is found for the high-Z elements.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dissociative electron capture to CCl_4 is studied by measuring the angular and velocity distribution of Cl"- ions produced in collisions with velocity selected K(np) Rydberg atoms. Analysis of the data using a Monte Carlo collision code that models the detailed kinematics of the reaction indicates that the lifetime of the CCl_4"- intermediate formed by Rydberg electron capture is 7.5 #+-# 2.5 ps and that, upon dissociation, only a small fraction of the excess energy of reaction appears as translational energy of the Cl"- and CCl_3 fragments. The present approach is one of the few experimental techniques yet devised that can probe the lifetimes of collisionally-produced excited states on a picosecond timescale, and demonstrates that Rydberg atoms provide a unique tool with which to investigate the dynamics of dissociative electron attachment. Measurements are being extended to additional species, including CFCl_3.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Photoelectron resonance capture ionization aerosol mass spectrometry (PERCI-AMS) has been applied to the analysis of proxies for marine aerosols with and without ozone; proxies used were mixed oleic acid-amino acid particles. The mechanism of ion formation for serine (104 m/z), glutamic acid (146 m/z), and phenylalanine (164 m/z) was dissociative electron attachment. This corresponds to loss of the hydrogen atom only, allowing for straightforward identification of the free amino acids. No ozonolysis products for the free amino acids were observed, even at high concentrations of ozone (500 ppm for 19 s). The direct detection of a novel gas-phase hydrated anion, [serine + H2O-H]-, is described. These preliminary results suggest that PERCI-AMS may provide an effective, simple and direct onlin...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The final report for a Laboratory Directed Research and Development project entitled, ``Capturing Recrystallization of Metals in a Multiscale Materials Model'' is presented. In this project, deformation and recrystallization processes have been followed experimentally and theoretically in order to incorporate essential mechanisms from the defect (dislocation) and grain size length scales. A nonlinear rotational gradient theory has been developed which enables the incorporation of microstructural parameters. The evolution of these parameters during deformation and recrystallization has been characterized qualitatively and quantitatively, applying various electron optic techniques ranging over several length scales. The theoretical and experimental framework developed is general. It has been exemplified by an application to recrystallization in single crystals and bicrystals of aluminum. The recrystallization process has been modeled using a 3-D ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this work is to improve the process for CO{sub 2} capture by alkanolamine absorption/stripping by developing an alternative solvent, aqueous K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} promoted by piperazine. Stripper modeling suggests the energy requirement with a simple stripper will be about the same for 5 m K{sup +}/2.5 m PZ and 7 m MEA. Modeling with a generic solvent shows that the optimum heat of CO{sub 2} desorption to minimize heat duty lies between 15 and 25 kcal/gmol. On-line pH and density measurements are effective indicators of loading and total alkalinity for the K+/PZ solvent. The baseline pilot plant campaign with 30% MEA has been started.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, a novel graphene nanosheets (GNSs) coated solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber was prepared by immobilizing microwave synthesized GNSs on a stainless steel wire. Microwave synthesized GNSs were verified by X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). GNS-SPME fiber was characterized using FE-SEM and the results showed the GNS coating was homogeneous, porous, and highly adherent to the surface of the stainless steel fiber. The performance and feasibility of the GNS-SPME fiber was evaluated under one-step microwave assisted (MA) headspace (HS) SPME followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection for five organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in aqueous samples. Parameters influencing the extra...

ScienceCinema

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The AP-0 Target Hall Collection Lens is a pulsed device which focuses anti-protons just downstream of the Target. Since the angles at which the anti-protons depart the Target can be quite large, a very high focusing strength is required to maximize anti-proton capture into the downstream Debuncher Ring. The current design of the Collection Lens was designed to operate with a focusing gradient of 1,000 T/m. However, multiple failures of early devices resulted in lowering the normal operating gradient to about 750 T/m. At this gradient, the Lens design fares much better, lasting several million pulses, but ultimately still fails. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been performed on this Collection Lens design to help determine the cause and/or nature of the failures. The Collection Lens magnetic field is created by passing high current through a central conductor cylinder. A uniform current distribution through the cylinder will create a tangential or azimuthal ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A series of real-time, neutron radiography, experiments are ongoing at the Texas A and M Nuclear Science Center Reactor (NSCR). These tests determine the resolving capabilities for radiographic imaging of two phase water and air flow regimes through small diameter flow channels. Though both film and video radiographic imaging is available, the real-time video imaging was selected to capture the dynamic flow patterns with results that continue to improve. (author)

Wastenet

... Carbon capture and storage Waste Prevention and Recycling EU clean air strategy Environmental liability: Applying the 'polluter pays' principle What goes around ...comes around: Recycling and climate change Behind closed doors: Air quality in buildings Keeping cool with refrigerants: The F-gas review Regions fighting climate ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was adapted for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to Sindbis (SIN) virus. Sera from humans with a febrile illness characterized by rash and...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Analytical expressions for thermoluminescence (TL) dating based on the modified Zimmerman model were derived. The non-linear behaviour of TL sensitivity is reexamined and is found to be due to electron capturing competitions in both test-dose excitation and the readout stages. A curve fitting method is proposed to determine the paleodose for the additive dose dating method. The multiple activation technique is also investigated, from which the paleodose should be regarded as an upper limit.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muon captures by nucleon pairs via meson-exchange currents produce a high energy excitation tail in heavy nuclei. The muon induced fission by these excitations is calculated in several subactinide nuclei with high threshold fission barriers. The probability for delayed fission ranges from 4 x 10"-"5 to 4 x 10"-"3 for the isotopes considered. (orig.).

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionChanges in glacier mass balance are critically influenced by the distribution of snow accumulation at the start of the melt season, but models of the winter season lag seriously behind those of the melt season. The overall aim is to test physically-based models of the spatial and temporal evolution of the winter snowpack at a temperate ice cap (Langjokull, Iceland), to assess how effectively and also how efficiently they capture variation in winter accumulation. A three-step modelling approach i [continued...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is an emerging technology for clean combustion. We have previously demonstrated that the embedding of metal nanoparticles into a nanostructured ceramic matrix can result in unusually active and sinter-resistant nanocomposite oxygen carrier materials for CLC which maintain high reactivity and high-temperature stability even when sulfur contaminated fuels are used in CLC. Here, we propose a novel process scheme for in situ desulfurization of syngas with simultaneous CO{sub 2}-capture in chemical looping combustion by using these robust nanocomposite oxygen carriers simultaneously as sulfur-capture materials. We found that a nanocomposite Cu-BHA carrier can indeed strongly reduce the H{sub 2}S concentration in the fuel reactor effluent. However, during the process the support matrix is also sulfidized and takes part in the redox process of CLC. This results in SO{sub 2} production during the reduction of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The history of explosives vapor detection includes almost every detection strategy known to man. Initial attempts to utilize these techniques were dismal failures. However, with the development of the Electron Capture Detector (ECD), the first promising detection of explosives vapors became possible. The present commercial explosives detectors detect the higher vapor pressure materials but not the whole spectrum. This paper describes the basic properties of explosives molecules and our research to utilize these properties for increased detection sensitivity.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ratio of the fissile isomers and prompt fissions yields has been measured in processes of neutron capture by /sup 241/Am and /sup 243/Am nuclei in the neutron energy interval from 0.2 up to 1.3 MeV. The present data and the previous results suggest that the fission Am isomers are spin structure isomers rather than shape isomers.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Effective commercial liquid absorption technology currently applicable for CO{sub 2} capture from power plant flue gases uses a conventional chemical solvent, MEA(monoethanolamine), which was developed over 60 years ago as general non selective solvent to remove acid gases from natural gas streams. The application to CO{sub 2} capture from almost atmospheric pressure flue gases required modification of the technology on account of the oxygen content to incorporate inhibitors to resist solvent degradation and equipment corrosion, as well as upstream treatment of the flue gases to remove both SO{sub x} and NO{sub x} present. The solvent strength used by such processes is relatively low in comparison with high strength modern chemical solvents. The resultant effect is large equipment and high regeneration energy requirements which is a parasitic load on the power plant. Using current technology for CO{sub 2} capture from flue ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This demonstration project uses modern simulation techniques to illustrate the important technologies and design variables that an auto-designer would consider in production a high efficiency, low emissions vehicle. Simulation and modeling techniques use the idea of capturing the relationships between real components of the systems with mathematical equations. These equations are then solved on a computer to simulate the behavior or performance of the system under various conditions. In the current demonstration project, we focus on many variations of a hydrogen-powered vehicle.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Solar panels have been installed at the roof, providing enough power to drive electric cars 20 000 kilometres yearly, while water-borne heating in the household has reduces electricity demand by 12-13 000 kWh per year

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the 150 kV power system of the Dutch energy utility MEGA Limburg cross-country faults have caused problems in the protection of high voltage transmission lines. A cross-country fault is the simultaneous presence of two single-phase earth connections in different phases and places within the grid. These cross-country faults can lead to the incorrect operation of a number of distance relays, which could result in the faulty disconnection of high voltage transmission lines. To gain an insight into these problems, the transient phenomenon in the power system during cross-country faults were studied. For this purpose, the simulation program EMTP (ElectroMagnetic Transients Program) has been used. Simulation models of the 150 kV power system and the measuring system of a distance relay were developed within EMTP. 7 figs., 1 ill.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The epithermal cross section shielding methods used in the lattice physics code EPRI-CELL (E-C) have been extensively studied to determine its major approximations and to examine the sensitivity of computed results to these approximations. The study has resulted in several improvements in the original methodology. These include: treatment of the external moderator source with intermediate resonance (IR) theory, development of a new Dancoff factor expression to account for clad interactions, development of a new method for treating resonance interference, and application of a generalized least squares method to compute best-estimate values for the Bell factor and group-dependent IR parameters. The modified E-C code with its new ENDF/B-V cross section library is tested for several numerical benchmark problems. Integral parameters computed by EC are compared with those obtained with point-cross section Monte Carlo ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The global effect of activation cross-section uncertainties on calculated radiological quantities is investigated for the first time using a methodology based on Monte Carlo random sampling. The method is applied to the calculation of the uncertainty in the contact dose rate from the gunite shielding of the National Ignition Facility chamber after 30 yr of pulsed irradiation. Some critical cross section contributing significantly to the overall uncertainty are identified. By a reasonable reduction of the uncertainty in those cross sections, the accuracy in the calculated total contact dose rate is greatly improved.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nucleosynthesis and energy production in stellar environments depend critically on nuclear reaction cross sections. Reactions induced by alpha particles are important in the helium burning stage of stars, novae, and supernovae events. They involve light to medium weight nuclei up to about Z=32, and center-of-mass energies up to about 20 MeV. We are working on a project to compile and evaluate cross section data for alpha-induced reactions. These data will eventually be used to derive #alpha#-nucleus potential parameters. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Total photon attenuation coefficients near absorption edges are determined in certain suitable elements and compounds. Photoelectric cross sections for elements are deduced from these by subtracting the coherent and incoherent scattering cross sections as well as other elemental cross sections in the cases of compounds. Certain deviations are observed on comparison with the available theoretical and experimental compilations. The I/sub L//sub #alpha#//Il x-ray intensity ratio measured by photon excitation near threshold is found to agree better with the theory than the other available experimental data.

Science.gov (United States)

... The lateral cross spectral density measurements are normalized on the autospectrum. Frequency is normalized on r3 , and we take Uc _" 0.7 U0 . ...

Science.gov (United States)

... charge carriers in strained p-Ge in crossed electric and magnetic fields was studied by means of measurements of spontaneous radiation intensity. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A numerical optimization technique is used to obtain low-energy momentum transfer, j = 0 [yields] 2 rotational and v = 0 [yields] vibrational sections from measured electron swarm data for parahydrogen. The downhill simplex algorithm is used to find cross sections that represent the best numerical fit to the measured electron drift velocity and characteristic energy over a range of E/N. These results, which are in excellent agreement with published cross sections derived using traditional swarm analysis techniques, demonstrates the feasibility of using automated computational algorithms for swarm analysis involving the estimation of multiple cross sections. (Author).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundCharacterizing and comparing the determinant of cotinine concentrations in different populations should facilitate a better understanding of smoking patterns and addiction....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This bibliography lists unclassified publications of work done at the Los Alamos National Laboratory for 1988. The entries, which are subdivided by broad subject categories, are cross-referenced with an author index and a numeric index.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(Jun 1972). United States Woolson, WA Las Vegas, Nev. 18 Jun 1972.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The neutron-induced fission cross-section of {sup 233}U has been measured at the CERN n-TOF facility relative to the standard fission cross-section of {sup 235}U between 0.5 and 20MeV. The experiment was performed with a fast ionization chamber for the detection of the fission fragments and to discriminate against {alpha} -particles from the natural radioactivity of the samples. The high instantaneous flux and the low background of the n-TOF facility result in data with uncertainties of {approx} 3%, which were found in good agreement with previous experiments. The high quality of the present results allows to improve the evaluation of the {sup 233}U (n,f) cross-section and, consequently, the design of energy systems based on the Th/U cycle. (orig.)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Because resistance to new insecticides may develop rapidly and cross resistance is often encountered, even between insecticides of different classes, there is a continual demand for the development...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The photon-proton total cross section has been measured in the process e{sup +}p{yields}e{sup +}{gamma}p{yields}e{sup +}X with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Events were collected with photon virtuality Q{sup 2}<0.02 GeV{sup 2} and average {gamma}p center-of-mass energy W{sub {gamma}}{sub p}=209 GeV in a dedicated run, designed to control systematic effects, with an integrated luminosity of 49 nb{sup -1}. The measured total cross section is {sigma}{sub tot}{sup {gamma}}{sup p}=174{+-}1 (stat.){+-}13 (syst.) {mu}b. The energy dependence of the cross section is compatible with parameterizations of high-energy pp and pp-bar data.

Science.gov (United States)

In the first paper of this series a formal theory of atomic scattering of electrons in the presence of an intense electromagnetic field was given. Cross sections, near the forward direction, between atomic states (modified by the laser) were obtained. However, it was assumed that the atom could not emit spontaneous radiation. In this paper the effect of spontaneous radiation is included, and it is shown that in most cases the measured cross section will be a weighted average of the two different cross sections starting from the two different initial states which are those atomic states resonantly linked by the laser. The Born approximation for the scattering is obtained, and it is shown that for the simplest description of the spontaneous radiation field the effect of the laser on the cross sections is simply to multiply them by a factor which depends upon the laser detuning. (AIP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The properties of negative-ion beams are very important for designing negative-ion apparatus and applications of negative-ion beams, especially, electron detachment cross-sections at the interaction between negative-ion beams and gas particles in the transport system, and secondary-electron emission factors when negative ions are incident on solid surfaces. These properties of negative-ion beams were investigated experimentally as a function of the ion energy under 50 keV. The single electron detachment cross-sections are almost constant in the other of 10"-"1"5 cm"2 in this energy range, but double electron detachment cross-sections increase in proportion to the ion velocity and much smaller than the single one. As for the secondary-electron emission factor, the emission factors for negative-ion beam are found to be larger by 1 than those for positive-ion beams. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this project is to investigate the dependence of the cross sections for dissociative electron attachment to a molecule on the initial rovibrational state of the molecule. An enhancement of the cross section results in the enhancement of the rate of production of negative ion beams. Preliminary investigations reveal that for lithium dimers, Li/sub 2/, the peak attachment cross sections can increase by almost an order of magnitude if the molecule is initially vibrationally excited to the v = 1 level. Excitation to higher vibrational levels would result in further enhancement of the attachment rates. As part of present investigations, the cross sections for vibrational excitation of various molecules, using both resonant and nonresonant mechanisms is calculated.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using indigenously developed computer program, coupled neutron gamma multi-group libraries have been generated from MA TXS-NJOY files. The MATXS format contains all the details for each reaction. Temperature and dilution factor dependent cross-sections have been generated and used in discrete ordinates method for benchmark studies of fast critical experiments. We have analyzed criticality benchmarks, which includes CSEWG fast critical benchmarks, "2"3"3U and Pu spheres and enriched uranium spheres using 30-group neutron cross-sections. Neutron and gamma spectra for spheres with point neutron source at the center, are also calculated with 42-group coupled neutron gamma cross-sections. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Measurements of absolute differential cross sections for H"+-H_2 direct, single-, and double-charge-transfer scattering at 0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 keV are reported at laboratory scattering angles less than 1 degree with an angular resolution of approximately 0.02 degree. The cross sections exhibit deep interference oscillations in single-charge-transfer scattering, but no such oscillations are present in direct and double-charge-transfer scattering. Theoretical cross sections derived using the diatoms-in-molecules method to describe the molecular states in a semiclassical molecular-orbital three-state close-coupling model within a semiclassical framework agree satisfactorily with the experimental results.

Science.gov (United States)

... Mineral and Organic Matter in the Coastal and Near-Coastal Ocean. ... Personal Author(s) : Stavn, Robert H. ; Spiering, Bruce A. ; Gould, Richard W ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

0.5% (one sigma) for scan angles less than 55.84 degrees off nadir ... Two polarization sheets and one blocking filter were used .... Polarization factors of different detectors in a given band cross and the cross point ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the framework of the equivalence theorem the one-loop helicity amplitudes and cross section for the double Higgs production process {gamma}{gamma}{yields}HH are calculated. It is shown that the cross section is measurable at TeV {gamma}{gamma} colliders and is marginally sensitive to the triple-Higgs variation. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The status of neutron activation cross sections for some threshold reactions important for reactor materials dosimetry is reviewed. An attempt is made to understand and explain discrepancies between integral and differential data, using recent available experimental results. The importance of standard and benchmark neutron fields for testing differential data for reactor dosimetry is emphasized and the Interlaboratory Reaction Rate (ILRR) program, as well as a similar program pursued by the IAEA, are briefly described.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The loosening equipment consists of a base machine and four-link suspension mechanism which is a cross frame with loosening gear connected to the base machine by universal hinges. In order to improve the reliability of the machine, the drive of transverse shifting in the cross frame is made of symmetrically arranged, shock-absorbing, hydraulic cylinders which are connected by additional universal hinges to the base machine and the lower pull rods. The design of the loosening machine guarantees its reliable operation on soil with significant quantity of hard inclusions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The cross sections for proton-proton elastic scattering at Fermilab and ISR energies are investigated in the framework of the multiple constituent scattering formalism, including the contributions of the inelastic intermediate states. We find that the higher-order multiple scattering amplitudes are strongly suppressed due to the presence of the inelastic intermediate states. The calculated cross sections reproduce the high energy experimental data fairly well. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The cross section for the reaction "8"8Sr(n,p)"8"8Rb was found to be (0.0155 +- 0.0017) mb. This value corresponds well with those calculated by Roy, Hawton, Calamand, and Nasyrov. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The study concludes that while the diversification into nonutility activities by the Rural Electric Cooperatives and the Rural Telephone Cooperatives has been expanding, the regulatory activities by the Rural Electrification Administration and the state public utility commissions have been inadequate to guard against cross-subsidization. In fact, there generally exist no data to identify and investigate illegal cross-subsidization activities of cooperatives. Increasing the regulatory functions of state public utility commissions and the REA was recommended.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A novel CFD/structural analysis was performed to predict functionality of a cross parachute under loadings near the structural limits of the parachute. The determination of parachute functionality was based on the computed structural integrity of the canopy and suspension lines. In addition to the standard aerodynamic pressure loading on the canopy, the structural analysis considered the reduction in fabric strength due to the computed aerodynamic heating. The intent was to illustrate the feasibility of such an analysis with the commercially available software PATRAN.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carbon capture and storage have been receiving increasing interest lately, mainly as an option to reduce CO{sub 2} emissions from the power sector. The concept could be adapted for production of H{sub 2} as well, which would provide a carbon free energy carrier that could be used for example as transportation fuel. In this doctoral thesis, the option to use chemical-looping technologies to produce H{sub 2} from fossil fuels with CO{sub 2} capture is explored. In chemical-looping combustion, direct contact between fuel and combustion air is avoided. Instead, a solid oxygen carrier performs the task of bringing oxygen from the air to the fuel. Thus, the resulting CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O are not diluted with N{sub 2}, and pure CO{sub 2} can easily be recovered by cooling and condensation. The heat of reaction is the same as for ordinary combustion. Chemical-looping reforming uses the same basic principles as chemical-looping combustion, but ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benchmark calculations of differential neutron yields were made for intranuclear cascade evaporation (INCE) codes HETC/KFA1 and HIC, and a quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) code. The INCE model showed fairly well productibility of the data. The QMD generally gave better results than the INCE model. At lower energies, the QMD gave overprediction to the measured data, but the relative variation of the data was very well reproduced by the method. Neutron production cross sections were systematically estimated at 337 MeV/u for combinations of several projectiles and targets. Using the obtained cross sections, analytical expressions for cross sections of equilibrium and nonequilibrium neutron productions previously proposed at lower energy range through the analysis of experimental data, were extended to the higher energy. The extended expressions well reproduced the systematic behaviors of the cross sections ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The "2"3"3U(n, f) cross-section has been measured at n_TOF in a wide energy range with a dedicated fission ionization chamber. We report here the results from 0.30 meV to 1 MeV neutron energy. The "2"3"3U(n, f) cross-section has been determined relative to a reference sample of "2"3"5U(n, f) measured simultaneously with the same detector. The very high instantaneous neutron flux and the intrinsically low background of the n TOF installation result in an accuracy around 3% in the whole energy range, while the energy resolution of the neutron beam allows for an accurate description of the fission cross-section by means of R-matrix analysis over a wide energy range. The present data provide the basis for a more precise evaluation of the "2"3"3U fission cross-section, and for improving the reliability of databases needed for the design of new energy systems based on the Th/U cycle. (Author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The primary E1, M1 and E2 ..gamma..-radiation in /sup 87,88,89/Sr observed after thermal neutron capture was compared with the predictions of single particle and giant resonance models. The nuclei feature a wide range of neutron binding energies between 6.3 and 11.1 MeV, which makes a 5.5 MeV spectrum of primary transition energies available for investigation. The (n, ..gamma..) reaction was used to estimate the parameters of the spin-flip M1 giant resonance in strontium. The total energy weighted M1 strength of this resonance exceeds the results of shell model and random phase approximation calculations for /sup 90/Zr by a factor of 3-4. The E1 strengths were found to agree with the established giant dipole resonance model. The few data on primary E2 transitions do not allow to differentiate between the giant quadrupole resonance and the single particle models.

Science.gov (United States)

The 10.3-h /sup 165/Er, decaying by electron capture to stable /sup 165/Ho, offers an excellent promise for use in diagnostic nuclear medicine, especially in conjuction with multiwire proportional-counter cameras. Using an ultra-high-resolution Si(Li) photon spectrometer, L and K x-ray photon yields in /sup 165/Er decay have been measured. The ratio P/sub L//P/sub K/ of electron-capture probabilities in L and K shells is determined to be 0.196 +- 0.030, in good agreement with theory. Estimates of Auger electron yields and yields of very-low-energy electrons from Coster--Kronig transitions are presented. Levels of /sup 169/Er and /sup 171/Er radioactive impurities in the reactor-produced /sup 165/Er sample are experimentally determined. Whole-body dose estimates for /sup 165/Er are given. These compare favorably with /sup 99/Tc dose.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose and need for DOE to undertake the actions described in this document are to improve the efficiency of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) complex. Benefits would include optimization of the AGS scientific program, increased high-energy and nuclear physics experimentation, improved health and safety conditions for workers and users, reduced impact on the environment and the general public, energy conservation, decreased generation of hazardous and radioactive wastes, and completion of actions required to permit the AGS to be the injector to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)., Improved efficiency is defined as increasing the AGS`s capabilities to capture and accelerate the proton intensity transferred to the AGS from the AGS booster. Improved capture of beam intensity would reduce the beam losses which equate to lost scientific opportunity for study and increased potential for radiation doses to workers and the general ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper presents a methodology for modeling slug initiation and growth in horizontal ducts. Transient two-fluid equations are solved numerically using a class of high-resolution shock capturing methods. The advantage of this method is that slug formation and growth in a stratified regime can be calculated directly from the solutions to the flow field differential equations. In addition, by using high-resolution shock capturing methods that do not contain numerical diffusion, the discontinuity generated by slugging in the flow field can be modeled with good accuracy. The two-fluid model is shown to be well-posed mathematically only under certain conditions. Under these circumstances, the two-fluid model is capable of correctly predicting and modeling the flow physics. When ill-posed, an unbounded instability occurs in the flow field solution, and the instability amplitude increases exponentially with decreasing mesh sizes. This work shows ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Several configurations of moderating and shielding materials have been designed and measured on the LVR-15 reactor for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) purposes. To determine the neutron and gamma ray space-energy distributions in the cylindrical geometry, the two-dimensional code DOT with the coupled neutron-gamma data library DLC-36 was used. The experimental verification of the beam parameters was performed in the LVR-15 reactor thermal column empty space with layers of graphite, aluminium, alumina, lead and bismuth. Attention was paid to establishing techniques and instrumentation for monitoring the neutron and gamma ray dose and beam quality. The thermal and epithermal flux densities were measured by activation foils, the neutron spectrum was determined with a Bonner spectrometer and gamma ray background with a scintillation spectrometer. The distribution of thermal neutrons in the human head phantom was mapped with a small semiconductor detector (Si[sup ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present an atomistic simulation of the Ostwald ripening of extrinsic defects (clusters, {l_brace}1 1 3{r_brace}s and dislocation loops) which occurs during annealing of ion implanted silicon. The model describes the capture and emission of Si interstitial atoms to and from extrinsic defects of sizes up to thousands of atoms and includes a loss term due to the flux of interstitials to the recombining surface. Key input parameters of the simulation are the variations of the formation energy and of the capture efficiency with the size of the different defects. This model shows that the kinetics of the well-known dissolution of {l_brace}1 1 3{r_brace} defects is only driven by the recombination efficiency at the surface and the distance from the defects to the sample surface. We have subsequently used this model to study defect evolution in low and ultra low energy (ULE) B implanted Si during annealing. Defect dissolution occurs earlier and at ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The photoelectron resonance capture ionization (PERCI) of cysteine (Cys) and small gas-phase neutral peptides that contain the Cys residue (Cys-Gly, g-Glu-Cys, and glutathione (g-Glu-Cys-Gly)) is reported. At an ionization energy less than 1eV two types of dissociative electron attachment ionization were observed for Cys: hydrogen atom loss, resulting in formation of the ion [Cys-H]-, and dissociation of the CH2-SH bond, resulting in formation of the ion [SH]-. The presence of these ions suggests that both the p*(-CO2H) and *(C-S) orbitals can act as low energy electrophores on Cys. This ionization trend was observed for the dipeptides Cys-Gly and g-Glu-Cys as well as glutathione, with evidence that dissociation of the CH2-SH bond in these peptides can also result in ions of the form [M-SH...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Early effects of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) on malignant glioma are characterized by reduction of the enhancement area and regression of the peritumoral edema radiologically. The aim of this study was to investigate the early histological changes of tumors and inflammatory cells after BNCT in the rat brain. Rats were treated with BNCT using boronophenylalanine (BPA) 7 days after implantation of C6 glioma cells. The tumors were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological examination at 4 days after BNCT. The mean tumor volumes were 39#+-#2 mm"3 in the BNCT group and 134#+-#18 mm"3 in the control group. In the BNCT group, tumor cells showed a less pleomorphic appearance with atypical nuclei and mitotic figures. The Ki-67 labeling index was 6.5%#+-#4.7% in the BNCT and 35%#+-#3.8% in the control group. The reactions of the inflammatory cells were examined with ED-1 as macrophage marker and OX42 as microglia marker. ED-1- and OX-42-positive ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this work is to improve the process for CO{sub 2} capture by alkanolamine absorption/stripping by developing an alternative solvent, aqueous K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} promoted by piperazine. In Campaign 3 of the pilot plant, the overall mass transfer coefficient for the stripper with 7 m MEA decreased from 0.06 to 0.01 mol/(m{sup 3}.s.kPa) as the rich loading increased from 0.45 to 0.6 mol CO{sub 2}/mol MEA. Anion chromatography has demonstrated that nitrate and nitrite are major degradation products of MEA and PZ with pure oxygen. In measurements with the high temperature FTIR in 7 m MEA the MEA vapor pressure varied from 2 to 20 Pa at 35 to 70 C. In 2.5 m PZ the PZ vapor pressure varied from 0.2 to 1 Pa from 37 to 70 C.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

FLOWTRAN-TF is a new two-component, two-phase thermal-hydraulics code to capture the detailed assembly behavior associated with loss-of-coolant accident analyses in multichannel assemblies of the SRS reactors. The local interfacial area of the two-phase mixture is computed by summing the interfacial areas contributed by each of three flow regimes. For smooth flow regime transitions, the code uses an interpolation technique in terms of component void fraction for each basic flow regime.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Both the nature of international climate policy architectures and the development and diffusion of new energy technologies could dramatically influence future costs of reducing global emissions of greenhouse gases. This paper explores the implications of interactions between technology availability and performance and international policy architectures for technology choice and the social cost of limiting atmospheric CO2 concentrations to 500 ppm by the year 2095. Key issues explored in the paper include the role of bioenergy production with CO2 capture and storage (CCS), overshoot concentration pathways, and the sensitivity of mitigation costs to policy and technology.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Many countries are liberalizing their energy markets. Participants in these markets are exposed to market risk due to the characteristics of electricity price dynamics. Electricity prices are known to be mean-reverting very volatile and subject to frequent spikes. Models that describe the dynamics of electricity prices should incorporate these characteristics. In order to capture the price spikes, many researchers have introduced stochastic jump processes, but we argue and show that this specification might lead to potential problems with specifying the true amount of mean-reversion within the process. In this paper, we propose a regime-switching model that models price spikes separated from normal mean-reverting prices.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

There is a growing interest on dynamic and broader concepts of deprivation such as vulnerability, which takes in to account the destitution of individuals from future shocks. We use the framework of decision making under uncertainty to arrive at a new measure of vulnerability to poverty. We highlight the importance of current standard of living to better capture the notion of vulnerability. In conceptualizing the new class of measures of vulnerability, we thus move beyond the standard expected poverty measures that is commonly found in the literature. We also axiomatically characterize the new class of measure and discuss some of its properties.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nuclear forensics is the analysis of nuclear materials recovered from either the capture of unused materials, or from the radioactive debris following a nuclear explosion and can contribute significantly to the identification of the sources of the materials and the industrial processes used to obtain them. In the case of an explosion, nuclear forensics can also reconstruct key features of the nuclear device. Nuclear forensic analysis works best in conjunction with other law enforcement, radiological protection dosimetry, traditional forensics, and intelligence work to provide the basis for attributing the materials and/or nuclear device to its originators. Nuclear forensics is a piece of the overall attribution process, not a stand-alone activity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The level structure of the doubly-odd /sup 242/Am nucleus was investigated by means of thermal-neutron-capture gamma-ray and conversion electron spectroscopy. Pair, curved-crystal, and ..beta.. spectrometers were used. The data from these measurements, combined with previous direct reaction results, permit us to establish a detailed level scheme including six new well-developed bands. Our experimental results are interpreted in the framework of the Nilsson model. Precise Gallagher-Moszkowski splittings and Newby odd-even shifts extracted from the data are compared with theoretical calculations.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report is a summary of the progress and research produced for the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) Research Program for calendar year 1996. Contributions from the individual investigators about their projects are included, specifically, physics: treatment planning software, real-time neutron beam measurement dosimetry, measurement of the Finnish research reactor epithermal neutron spectrum, BNCT accelerator technology; and chemistry: analysis of biological samples and preparation of {sup 10}B enriched decaborane.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report summarizes the major activities and accomplishments of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) Advanced Radiotherapy Research Program for calendar year 2001. Applications of supportive research and development, as well as technology deployment in the fields of chemistry, radiation physics and dosimetry, and neutron source design and demonstration are described. Contributions in the fields of physics and biophysics include development of advanced patient treatment planning software, feasibility studies of accelerator neutron source technology for Neutron Capture Therapy (NCT), and completion of major modifications to the research reactor at Washington State University to produce an epithermal-neutron beam for NCT research applications.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper, we review some of the work our group has done in the past few years to obtain the electron self-energy of high temperature superconductors by analysis of angle-resolved photoemission data. We focus on three examples which have revealed: (1) a d-wave superconducting gap, (2) a collective mode in the superconducting state, and (3) pairing correlations in the pseudogap phase. In each case, although a novel result is obtained which captures the essence of the data, the conventional physics used leads to an incomplete picture. This indicates that new physics needs to be developed to obtain a proper understanding of these materials.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Intensities of {gamma}-transitions emerging from the EC decay of {sup 203}Pb were measured precisely. The obtained relative {gamma}-intensities are 100%(279.2keV), 4.14+-0.08%(401.3keV) and 0.932+-0.022%(680.5keV). The 279.2 and 680.5keV level feeding {beta}-branching ratios were deduced to be 95.3+-0.1 and 4.7+-0.1% respectively. {sup 203}Pb is suggested for calibration purposes. (author).

Wastenet

... Areas of Consultation: All Areas About DECC Bioenergy Carbon capture & storage Carbon Reduction Commitment Climate Change Agreements CRC energy efficiency scheme Development, consents and planning reform Electricity Electricity network Emissions Emissions trading Energy markets Energy network Energy security Feed-in Tariffs Fuel poverty Funding and support Gas Governance Green Deal Hydroelectricity International climate change International energy Legislation Low-carbon Microgeneration News Nuclear Oil Renewable energy Saving energy and CO2 Site Wide Footer Smart ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Optimal neutron energy for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been studied. Epithermal neutron is superior to thermal neutrons in treating deep-seated tumors. Design of the epithermal neutron column for BNCT has been performed by using a two-dimensional transport calculation code. Aluminum and heavy water are used as moderation materials. A thermal neutron column is also designed using heavy water as thermalization material. The configuration of the facility for treatment and research of BNCT and also for basic radio-biological studies of neutrons has been presented. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

CIRNAT, a one-dimensional code for natural circulation analysis, was described. The homogeneous approach was adopted for the two-phase flow regime and different heat transfer regimes were considered. The code was exhaustively tested for one-phase flow systems. For two phase flows a boiling/condensing system was simulated. The results are qualitatively correct but the oscillations observed at the system were not captured by the model. Other two-phase flow tests must be done to show the limits of the homogeneous approach before the introduction of a more complex model. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new phenylboric acid derivative entrapped lipiodol (PBAD-lipiodol) was developed as a boron carrier for the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) of hepatoma in Taiwan. The biodistribution of both PBAD-lipiodol and BPA-fructose was assayed in GP7TB hepatoma-bearing rat model. The highest uptake of PBAD-lipiodol was found at 2 h post injection. The application of BNCT for the hepatoma treatment in tumor-bearing rats is suggested to be 2-4 h post PBAD-lipiodol injection.

Science.gov (United States)

This article introduces a predictive capability for Hg retention in any Ca-based wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubber, given mercury (Hg) speciation at the FGD inlet, the flue gas composition, and the sulphur dioxide (SO2) capture efficiency. A preliminary statistical analysis of data from 17 full-scale wet FGDs connects flue gas compositions, the extents of Hg oxidation at FGD inlets, and Hg retention efficiencies. These connections clearly signal that solution chemistry within the FGD determines Hg retention. A more thorough analysis based on thermochemical equilibrium yields highly accurate predictions for total Hg retention with no parameter adjustments. For the most reliable data, the predictions were within measurement uncertainties for both limestone and Mg/lime systems operating in both forced and natural oxidation mode. With the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Information Collection Request (ICR) database, the quantitative performance ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The significant and rapid reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is recognized as necessary to mitigate the potential climate effects from global warming. The postcombustion capture (PCC) and storage of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) produced from the use of fossil fuels for electricity generation is a key technology needed to achieve these reductions. The most mature technology for CO{sub 2} capture is reversible chemical absorption into an aqueous amine solution. In this study the results from measurements of the CO{sub 2} absorption capacity of aqueous amine solutions for 76 different amines are presented. Measurements were made using both a novel isothermal gravimetric analysis (IGA) method and a traditional absorption apparatus. Seven amines, consisting of one primary, three secondary, and three tertiary amines, were identified as exhibiting outstanding absorption capacities. Most have a number of structural features in common including steric ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

{gamma}-ray excitation functions have been measured for the interaction of fast neutrons with {sup 48}Ti (neutron energy from 1 MeV to 250 MeV). The Los Alamos National Laboratory spallation neutron source, at the LANSCE/WNR facility, provided a ''white'' neutron beam which is produced by bombarding a natural W target with a pulsed proton beam. The prompt-reaction {gamma} rays were measured with the large-scale Compton-suppressed Ge spectrometer, GEANIE. Neutron energies were determined by the time-of-flight technique. Excitation functions were converted to partial {gamma}-ray cross sections, taking into account the dead-time correction, the target thickness, the detector efficiency, and neutron flux (monitored with an in-line fission chamber). The data analysis is presented here for neutron energies between 1 to 20 MeV. Partial {gamma}-ray cross sections for transitions in {sup 47,48}Ti, {sup 48}Sc, and {sup ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iron is one of the main constituents of stainless steel which is used as a structural material in nuclear reactors. In fast and conceptual fusion and fusion-fission hybrid systems the primary energy range of neutron interaction lies between 1 and 20 MeV which opens up several reaction channels. The reaction cross-sections in this energy range are important for dosimetry, radiation damage, neutronics and safety studies of nuclear reactors. Keeping this in view Nuclear Data Section of the International Atomic Energy Agency has sponsored a Research Co-ordination Programme on Methods for the Calculation of Fast Neutron Nuclear Data for Structural Elements. Under this programme we propose to study (n,n'), (n,2n), (n,3n), (n,p), (n,np), (n,pn), (n,#alpha#), (n,n#alpha#), (n,#alpha#n) and (n,#gamma#) reaction cross-sections. Besides these, total, elastic and discrete level inelastic scattering cross-sections, angular distributions ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The "2"3"3U(n,f) cross section has been measured at the white neutron source n_TOF in a wide energy range with a dedicated fission ionization chamber. We report here the results from #approx#30 meV to 1 MeV neutron energy. The "2"3"3U(n,f) cross section has been determined relative to a reference sample of "2"3"5U(n,f) measured simultaneously with the same detector. The very high instantaneous neutron flux and the intrinsically low background of the n_TOF installation result in an accuracy around 3% in the whole energy range, while the energy resolution of the neutron beam allows for an accurate description of the fission cross section by means of R-matrix analysis over a wide energy range. The results are, in general, in good agreement with the most recent high-accuracy measurement of this fission cross section, over the more limited range of the previous measurements, and indicated that even the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inelastic scattering of #alpha#-particles in 22-24 MeV energy range on "1"8o o, "1"9f, "2"0Ne, "2"2Ne nuclei is investigated. Measurements of excitation functions were conducted for the beam of Leningrad University cyclo otron at several angles in 15-165 deg range of laboratory system with 2.5 deg spacing. The error of determining absolute cross sections equals +-20% for "2"2Ne and +-12% for other nuclei. Angular distributions have the differaction character, are similar in form for all nuclei, the values of differential cross- -sections don't exceed the rutherford values. The dependence of integral cross-sections on the energy of level excitation is similar to the exponential d dependence of cross-sections of production of the given element isotopes on the gergy difference of masses of final nuclear products in the reactions of deeply inelastic transfers with heavy ions. The observed isotopic effect in ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A scheme of evaluating a generalized three-photon excitation cross section #sigma#/sub (3)/ in neutral atomic argon at 3144.67 A is outlined. Three photons at this wavelength can excite the neutral argon atoms from the ground 3p"6 "1S_0 state to the 3p"54s'[1/2]_1"0 state. The fourth photon will ionize the argon atoms. Assuming linear polarization of the incident laser radiation, contributions from several channels in various energy-level schemes are summed in the evaluation of the transition probability. For a laser linewidth of #DELTA##lambda#/sub L/ = 1 A, our maximum numerical value of the computed result for the three-photon excitation cross section is #sigma#/sub (3)/ = 1.414 x 10/sup -80/ cm"6 s"2. .AE.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Based on the Weinberg-Salam theory, the competition of the Neutrino Energy Loss (NEL) rates due to the pair, photo- and plasma process are canvassed. The ratio factor C1, C2 and C3 which correspond the different contributions of the pair, photo- and plasma neutrino process to those of the total NEL rates are accurately taken into account. The ratio factors are very sensitive to the temperature and density. The ratio factor C2 always is lower than the ratio factor C1 and C3. The pair NEL process is the dominant contribution before the crossed point O(C1=C3=0.45) and the plasma NEL process will be the main dominant contribution after the crossed point O. With increasing temperature, the crossed point O will move to the direction of higher density. (authors)

CERN Document Server

Spatial Fluorescence Cross Correlation Spectroscopy is a rarely investigated version of Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy, in which the fluorescence signals from differ-ent observation volumes are cross-correlated. In the reported experiments, two observation volumes, typically shifted by a few $\\mu$m, are produced, with a Spatial Light Modulator and two adjustable pinholes. We illustrated the feasibility and potentiality of this technique by: i) measuring molecular flows, in the range 0.2 - 1.5 $\\mu$m/ms, of solutions seeded with fluorescent nanobeads or rhodamine molecules (simulating active transport phenomenons); ii) investigating the perme-ability of phospholipidic membrane of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles versus hydrophilic or hydrophobic molecules (in that case the laser spots were set on both sides of the mem-brane). Theoretical descriptions are proposed together with a discussion about FCS based, alternative methods.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We demonstrate a novel cross-sectional deformation, called the radial corrugation, of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) under hydrostatic pressure. Theoretical analyses based on the continuum elastic approximation have revealed that MWNTs consisting of more than ten concentric walls undergo elastic deformations at critical pressure Formula Not Shown , above which the circular shape of the cross-section becomes radially corrugated. Various corrugation modes have been observed by tuning the innermost tube diameter and the number of constituent walls, which is a direct consequence of the core-shell structure of MWNTs. Cross-sectional views of MWNT under high hydrostatic pressure: elliptic deformation with the mode index n = 2 (left), and radial corrugations with n = 5 (center), and n = 6 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

M-shell X-ray production cross sections for the light rare-earth elements of {sup 68}Er, {sup 7}Yb and {sup 71}Lu have been measured for incident {sup 4}He{sup +} ions in the energy range from 0.75 to 6 MeV. The measured X-ray production cross sections are compared to the predictions of the First Born approximation, the ECPSSR theory and the ECUSAR theory. A comparison of the ytterbium M-shell X-ray production cross sections with these theories is made for two different sets of fluorescence yields and Coster-Kronig factors that are further modified for multiple ionization.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Differential cross sections for dijet photoproduction in association with a leading neutron using the reaction e{sup +}+p{yields}e{sup +}+n+jet+jet+X{sub r} have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 6.4 pb{sup -1}. The fraction of dijet events with a leading neutron in the final state was studied as a function of the jet kinematic variables. The cross sections were measured for jet transverse energies E{sub T}{sup jet}>6 GeV, neutron energy E{sub n}>400 GeV, and neutron production angle {theta}{sub n}<0.8 mrad. The data are broadly consistent with factorization of the lepton and hadron vertices and with a simple one-pion-exchange model.

CERN Document Server

This paper proposes two interference mitigation strategies that adjust the maximum transmit power of femtocell users to suppress the cross-tier interference at a macrocell base station (BS). The open-loop and the closed-loop control suppress the cross-tier interference less than a fixed threshold and an adaptive threshold based on the noise and interference (NI) level at the macrocell BS, respectively. Simulation results show that both schemes effectively compensate the uplink throughput degradation of the macrocell BS due to the cross-tier interference and that the closed-loop control provides better femtocell throughput than the open-loop control at a minimal cost of macrocell throughput.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Data and functions of the cell burnup calculation of the SRAC system were revised to improve mainly the accuracy of the burnup calculation of high conversion light water reactors (HCLWRs). New burnup chain models were developed in order to treat fission products (FPs) and actinide nuclides in detail. Group cross section library, SRACLIB-JENDL2, was generated based on JENDL-2 nuclear data file. In generating this library, emphasis was placed on FPs and actinides. Also revised were the data such as the average energy release per fission for various actinides. These improved data were verified by performing the burnup analysis of PWR spent fuels. Some new functions were added to the SRAC system for the convenience to yield macroscopic cross sections used in the core burnup process. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using the electron energy-loss method in a merged electron-ion beams geometry absolute, cascade-free excitation cross sections have been measured for the resonance "2S#->#"2P transition in Zn"+. Measurements were carried out at electron energies of below threshold (threshold at 6.011 eV) to 40 eV. Results are in very good agreement with close-coupling calculations and, away from threshold, lie below absolute line-emission cross sections which include effects of cascade into the "2P state from higher levels.