Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The passive films formed in stainless steels are thin and fine oxide films, a high corrosion resistance can be provided by these films. This study formed SiO2 protective coating on the substrate of SUS 304 stainless steels by chemical vapor deposition using TEOS-O3 system. Firstly, relations of substrate temperature and deposition rate of films, chemical composition, refractive index of films were investigated. Then, the corrosion resistance of SUS 304 stainless steels coated SiO2 films was examined by activation time and an anodic polarization curve in 1 kmol[center dot]m[sup -3] HCl solution. The results were obtained as follows. Thickness of SiO2 films linearly increases with time at the deposition temperature of 473 to 673 K. Si-OH bonds would disappear above the deposition temperature of 573 K, almost perfect SiO2 films were obtained. The activation time in 1 kmol[center dot]m[sup -3] HCl solution increased with increase of thickness of SiO2 films. 21 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.

Science.gov (United States)

Jul 16, 2001... LAM PIT KEI LI PIT YEUNG PITA COLUMBA MOTHER PITA VERA L ..... PLASENCIA ALEXANDER W PLASENCIA CESAR PLASENCIA ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Concerning high performance composite solid propellant BAMO and BAMO-based copolymers, synthetic method and properties of them were studied. Comparison graph of theoretical specific impulse for various propellants were shown, by that, reason why highest specific impulse BAMO was selected as direction of the study. As the orientation of synthesis, those were indicated that radicals at both ends should be hydroxyl so as urethane bonding was available, that liquid at normal temperature was required for easy handling, and that glass transition temperature is required to be low enough. Synthesis was conducted by ring-opening polymerization of ring ether detail procedures of which were explained. Measurements of properties was performed for thermochemical properties, thermal decomposition, combution heat, and friction sensitivity test to confirm safety. As the result, those were understood that thermal decomposition was divided into two phases, rapid exothermal decomposition as initial phase ...

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Very important performances in the practical use of solid propellants are combustion and physical properties. Among the present solid propellants, composite propellants used ammonium perchlorate (AP) as oxidizers are adopted widely now due to these excellent performances. Recently, a combination of ammonium nitrates (AN) as oxidizers and azido polymers as binders in expected as the propellants which control decrease of combustion properties and satisfy unsensitivity. However, in order to use these azido polymers/AN propellants in practice, further, it is necessary to improve the specific impulse and the burning rate. In this report, aiming to improve the combustion properties of BAMO/NMMO/AN propellants, the sensitivity and the combustion properties of propellants added high energetic plasticizers in binders, further, displaced a part of AN to cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) and double based base-grain (BG) are described. 8 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Bilateral breast carcinoma accounts for approximately 5% of all patients with breast cancer, while neuroendocrine breast carcinomas comprise less than 5% of invasive breast carcinomas. In addition, most patients with breast neuroendocrine carcinomas are older. Therefore, bilateral primary breast neuroendocrine carcinoma at a young age is extremely rare. We herein report bilateral neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast in a 29-year-old woman who underwent bilateral lumpectomy with the initial symptom of bilateral nipple discharge. Grossly, the lesions in both breasts were masses with infinite margins. Histologically, this case was consistent with primary neuroendocrine carcinoma arising in bilateral breasts. Cells from both breast tumors were positive for chromogranin A, neuron-specific eno...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The oxidation conditions were investigated for obtaining a higher productivity in the production of high strength carbon fiber from polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The effect of incorporation of 2 % comonomer such as methyl acrylate (MA), acrylate containing carboxylate (SA), acrylamide (AAm), and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) on the oxidation conditions was also investigated. The measurement of DSC and bonded oxygen content revealed that the most effective comonomer for promoting the cyclization of nitril group and the bonding of oxygen was found to be SA, and the second best was AAm. The measurement of tensile strength of carbon fiber showed that the copolymer of SA, HEA, and MA gave a high strength fiber. It took a long time to oxidize the carbon fiber when it was oxidized at a temperature on which double layer structure was not formed. To shorten the production time, a method of combining the upper limit oxidation in which the double layer structure was not formed and the second oxidation ...

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Pretreatment of brown coal in oil was conducted using 1-methyl naphthalene or mixture of tetralin and 1-methyl naphthalene as solvent at temperatures ranging from 300 to 430{degree}C under nitrogen atmosphere. Effects of the solvent properties on the structural change of oxygen-functional groups (OFG) and coal liquefaction were investigated by means of quantitative analysis of OFG and solid state {sup 13}C-NMR measurement. When hydrogen transfer from solvent was insufficient, it was suggested that brown coal molecules loose their hydrogen to be aromatized. While, at lower temperatures ranging from 300 to 350{degree}C, hydrogen contained in brown coal molecules was consumed for the stabilization of pyrolytic radicals, and the deterioration of liquefaction was not observed. When hydrogen transfer from solvent was insufficient at higher temperatures above 400{degree}C in nitrogen atmosphere during pretreatment in oil, crosslinking like benzofuran type was formed by dehydration ...

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A railgun has an armature driven between two rail-like conductors. In other words, it is a linear drive device system that drives airframes by using the Lorentz`s force. The system is expected as a next-generation high-speed transport means, or as a means to create such ultimate fields as ultra-high pressures, ultra-high temperatures, and ultra-ferromagnetic fields. This paper is a report on investigations on the relevant technological trends as surveyed by the investigation committee at the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan using research reports published inside and outside the country. The reported themes cover explanations from the construction to the pulse power supply that forms the core of the technology, problems in switching, recent status of research and development, and to application fields. Compatibility in the high-level electrical and mechanical performances demanded in the railgun is not as easy as has been anticipated initially, with the current status no ...

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The effect of combustion conditions on conversion of char nitrogen to N2 was studied in the combustion experiment of char obtained by pyrolysis of coal. Char specimen was prepared by holding ZN coal of Chinese lignite in Ar atmosphere at 1123K for one hour. A batch scale quartz-made fluidized bed reactor was used for combustion experiment. After the specimen was fluidized in reaction gas, it was rapidly heated to start combustion reaction. CO, CO2 and N2 in produced gases were online measured by gas chromatography (GC). As the experimental result, under the incomplete combustion condition where a large amount of CO was produced by consuming almost all of O2, no NOx and N2O produced from char were found, and almost all of N-containing gas was N2. At the final stage of combustion, pyridinic-N disappeared completely, and pyrrolic-N decreased, while O-containing nitrogen complexes became a main component. It was thus suggested that O-containing nitrogen complexes are playing the role of ...

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Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for structural defects of silicon-based amorphous materials for solar cells. The study on light generation defects of the a-Si:H system and rejuvenation process by annealing establishes the effects of light irradiation time on changed neutral dangling bond density as a result of light irradiation at varying temperature of 77K, room temperature and 393K. The study on annealing to rejuvenate light generation defects of various types of a-Si-H systems establishes the activation energy distribution with respect to annealing to remove light-induced defects, showing that hydrogen affects the distribution of light-induced defects. The study on decaying process of light-induced ESR for undoped and N-doped a-Si:H systems observes the decaying process of light-induced ESR, after light is cut off, extending for a period of several seconds to several hours at 77K for the a-Si-H systems containing N in a range from 0 to 12at%. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method for detecting electrons emitted as secondary particles by photon incidence to a specimen, as well as a method of using the photons emitted by electron incidence as detecting particles are explained. Pd-Si(100)2{times}1 system is adopted for a case study of using photo-electron spectroscopy where synchrotron emitted light in soft X-ray region is used as the incident light. Pd atoms are deposited little by little on clean Si surface to investigate the electron structure of the surface, and the interface electron structure after bonded formation of Pd(thin film)-Si(substrate) is estimated. Radiation soft X-ray spectroscopy is employed to observe the real state of the bonded interface of Pd(thin film)-Si(substrate) prepared by depositing Pd film in a short period of time. In the case of radiation soft X-ray spectroscopy with electron beam excitation, bonded system of thin film and substrate can be investigated by nondestructive analysis even when the film thickness is ...

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Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} thin films were formed on aluminum foils by a sol-gel process in order to increase the capacitance of the aluminum foils which are used as aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Investigations focussed on the preparation and characterization of the coating solution, the formation of Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} thin films on aluminum foils, and the heat treatment and anodization of the films. The phase transition and electrical properties, such as capacitance, leakage current, and withstand voltage of the Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} thin films were also measured. The Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} thin films annealed at temperatures below 550 degree C were found to be amorphous, but they were crystallized to the orthorhombic phase by annealing at temperatures higher than 580 degree C. The capacitance of the coated samples increased with an increase in the thickness of the formed Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} thin films, but an increase in leakage current and a decrease in withstand voltage were also observed in those ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of powder particle sizes of n- and p-Bi2Te3 on the thermoelectric properties has been studied. The powder was formed from the each ingot and sieve into <63, 63-90 and 90-150{mu}m for p-type, and <355 and >355 {mu}m for n-type. Those powders are pressed followed by CIP, then sinterd at 773K for S. Effects of CIP on the densities were not so large such as 1-4% depending on the powder sizes. The Setback coefficients and electric conductivities for p-type were 110{mu}V/K and 0.8{times}10{sup 2}ohm{sup -1}m{sup -1} at 333K, while 18O{mu}V/K and 2.0{times}10{sup 4}ohm{sup -1}m{sup -l} for n-type, respectively. The thermal conductivity for n-type was 0.7W/mK leading to the figure of merit of 2.1{times}10{sup -3}(/K). The hybrid texture of the suitable amount of smaller and larger grains has a possibility of an improvement for thermoelectric properties. 10 refs., 5 figs., 5 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new thin film manufacturing method is established to add a function to glass material surface, as a new material technology which harmonizes with global environment, and is suitable for resource re-utilization and energy conservation. It is intended to develop a leading technology to promote recycling of colored glasses by applying this technical method to colored glasses. Fiscal 1998 has implemented subsequently to fiscal 1997 the following subjects in the three research items composed of a new manufacturing method of functional thin films, application of the functional thin films to colored glasses, and the comprehensive investigative studies: establishment of an industrial manufacturing method for color coating liquid and evaluation of basic characteristics of the colored functional thin films, optimization of element technology for photo-sensitive gel films by means of chemically modifying metallic alkoxide, tests of forming films on glass bottles and plate glasses by using a ...