International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Dozaki, Koji Takiguchi, Hideki Japan Atomic Power Company, Tokyo (Japan)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In June 2010, Basic Energy Plan was approved in a Cabinet meeting. It says that Japan aims to construct more than 14 atomic power plants by 2030. Today, there are 12 plans of construction of atomic power plant, but it is hard to say that their plans easily come off. That's because public acceptance of atomic power plant is low in Japan, for example local residents wage opposition campaigns. This study conducts a survey in the form of a questionnaire and analyzes it by Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). Analytic Hierarchy Process is a structured technique for dealing with complex decisions. A questionnaire using AHP is very easy to answer and analyze. This survey was conducted in 2 areas. First area is Hohoku-cho, Yamaguchi Pref. that had a plan of construction of atomic power ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Since June 1997 the standards/specifications and inspection/certification of various products in Japan have been reviewed by Ministries and Agencies, with the aim of reducing direct government intervention to a necessary minimum and creating a free and fair socio-economic system that is fully opened to the international community and based on the rules of self-responsibility and market principles. Reflecting this policy the administrative regulations which prescribe technical standards as specific requirements have been revised by degrees into performance prescriptions. Detailed provisions in ordinances and notices have been abolished gradually to utilize voluntary standards and rules. In the nuclear energy field voluntary standards are being developed to make up statutory performance requirements by the Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ) and the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) together ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Masahiro Tsukada, Takashi Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Collective dose equivalent and population dose from occupational exposures in Japan, 1988 were estimated on the basis of a nationwide survey. The survey was conducted on annual collective dose equivalents by sex, age group and type of radiation work for about 0.21 million workers except for the workers in nuclear power stations. The data on the workers in nuclear power stations were obtained from the official report of the Japan Nuclear Safety Commission. The total number of workers including nuclear power stations was estimated to be about 0.26 million. Radiation works were subdivided as follows: medical works including dental; non-atomic energy industry; research and education; atomic energy industry and nuclear power station. For the determination of effective dose equivalent and population dose, organ or tissue doses ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feb 2006 p. 80-84 Japan Mizuno, R. Matsuda, F. Japan Power Engineering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Yoshiaki Toshiba Corp., Nuclear Power Division, Yokohama, Kanagawa (Japan)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Nuclear Safety Commission acknowledged the policy of the Agency of Natural Resources and Energy to cope with these important matters on August 8, 1984. The main contents of the investigation and deliberation were as follows, As to the prevention of the occurrence of fires, the prevention of the leak and spread of inflammable liquid and gas, the installation of protective relays and so on, the use of incombustible materials and aseismatic design and the installation of lightning arresters. As to the detection of fires and fire fighting, the proper selection and arrangement of fire detectors and extinguishers, the extinguishers which do not harm the safety function of structures and equipment, and the extinguishers which are not affected by natural phenomena. As to the reduction of the effect of fires, the proper installation of fire walls and extinguishers, and the high temperature shut off of nuclear reactors which is never hampered by any fire. (Kako, I.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A high power Free-Electron Laser (FEL) has lased at a wavelength of 22 #mu#m at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). The maximum power on a macro-pulse average is 1.7 kW, and it corresponds to an FEL energy of 160 #mu#J/micro-pulse. Extraction efficiency from the electron beam to the FEL radiation was measured to be 5.3% by an energy analyzer, when the maximum FEL power was coupled out. The rms wavelength spread was measured to be 4.6% at the same time. The extraction efficiency, in general, has a maximum value near the zero detuning length of an optical cavity, where (in contrast) the single-pass gain becomes smallest. A high peak current and a long macro-pulse duration are therefore indispensable for realizing high efficiency. The electron beam energy is 16.5 MeV, and the average current is 5.3 mA at a micro-pulse repetition rate of 10.4 MHz. The macro-pulse ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This report is the user's manual of seismic system reliability analysis code SECOM2 (Seismic Core Melt Frequency Evaluation Code Ver.2) developed at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute for systems reliability analysis, which is one of the tasks of seismic probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The SECOM2 code has many functions such as: Calculation of component failure probabilities based on the response factor method, Extraction of minimal cut sets (MCSs), Calculation of conditional system failure probabilities for given seismic motion levels at the site of an NPP, Calculation of accident sequence frequencies and the core damage frequency (CDF) with use of the seismic hazard curve, Importance analysis using various indicators, Uncertainty analysis, Calculation of the CDF taking into account the effect of the correlations of responses and capacities of components, and Efficient ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pipe whip tests or jet discharge tests have been performed at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, which simulate the instantaneous guillotine break of primary coolant piping in nuclear power plants. This paper describes the results of the 4-inch pipe whip tests(RUN 5407, 5501, 5504, 5603), under the BWR LOCA conditions, which were performed from 1979 to 1981. The test pressure was 6.8 MPa and test temperature 285/sup 0/C. In these tests, clearance was kept constant at the value of 100 mm and overhang lengths were 250, 400, 550 and 1,000 mm, respectively. The main purpose of these tests is to investigate the effect of overhang length on pipe whip behavior. From the tests results, the pipe movement is effectively limited by the restraints if the overhang length is 250 mm or 400 mm. The deformation of the test pipe and restraints becomes large with increasing overhang length. It is clarified that the test pipe ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) are promoting the joint project integrating both the Neutron Science Project (NSP) of JAERI and the Japan Hadron Facility Project (JHF) of KEK for comprehensive studies on basic science and technology using high-intensity proton accelerator. This document describes the joint project prepared by the Joint Project Team of JAERI and KEK to construct accelerators and research facilities necessary both for the NSP and the JHF at the site of JAERI Tokai Establishment. It was originally written in English and translated into Japanese with some corrections. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reduced-Moderation Water reactor (RMWR) is a light water breeder reactor developed by Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). The RMWR comprises tight lattice fuel assemblies with gap clearance of around 1.0 mm to reduce water volume ratio to achieve a high conversion ratio. It is important to estimate the thermal hydraulic safety margin of the tight lattice core of the RMWR. In the present study, the boiling transition (BT) prediction performance of the subchannel analysis code NASCA developed for the current BWR cores was assessed for series of tight lattice critical heat flux (CHF) experiments performed in JAERI. The test section was a 7-rod bundle with rod diameter of 12.3 mm, rod gap of 1.0 mm and heated length of 1.8m. Axial power distribution was flat. With a simple subchannel model, the code overestimates the critical power in the high mass velocity region, although the predicted ...

CERN Document Server

Atomic pioneers

Wastenet

... Austrian Environment Minister Nikolaus Berlakovich called for such stress tests on Sunday (13 March) to make sure that nuclear power stations were quake-proof following Japan's massive earthquake and tsunami. Austria, a mountainous country rich in geothermal energy, has no NPPs and no plans to develop ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Since 1995, OECD started to examine the current situation of government regulation in each member country and discussed to recommend quality improvement of regulation to member countries. The conference on reformation of regulation in power industry was held in October and December 1998. In USA, enhancing competition in supplying electricity was recommended by eliminating differentiation in use of power network, transmission network and incidental facilities. The retail competition is also an important reformation. The reformation in Netherlands can be seen as following EU guide for revealing problems of the existing regulation in the power industry and for opening up a power market. The Dutch government passed the power act for opening up a market to the public between 1999 and 2007. In Japan, the entry of independent power provider (IPP) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neutron Science Project was started at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute since 1996 for promoting futuristic basic science and nuclear technology utilizing neutrons. For this purpose, research and developments of intense proton accelerator and spallation neutron target were initiated. The present paper describes the current status of such research and developments. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Examines thermal coal demand in Japan covering: trends in energy demand; long-term outlook for energy supply and demand; coal-fired power development plan and the outlook for steam coal demand; and the prospects for Asian steam coal demand and coal procurement. Total energy consumption is expected to increase by 1.0% per annum to 2000 and thereafter 0.9% per annum until 2010. This is based on the assumption that measures to encourage energy conservation and improve energy efficiency are implemented. 3 figs., 2 tabs.

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Investigation of Interaction of Laser Radiation with Radioactive Deposits on the metal Surface and Creation of Experimental Stand for Development of Laser Technology for Remote Treatment of Materials Contaminated with Radioactive Substances at the Atomic Power Plants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pipe whip tests or jet discharge tests have been performed at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, which simulate the instantaneous circumferential guillotine break of primary coolant piping in nuclear power plants. The present paper describes the results of the pipe whip tests using test pipes of 4 inch diameter, under the BWR LOCA conditions, which were performed from 1979 to 1981. The tests were carried out at an initial pressure of about 6.8 MPa and an initial temperature of about 285/sup 0/C. The test pipe was 114.3 mm (4 in) in diameter, 8.6 mm in thickness and 4500 mm in length. The four pipe whip restraints used in the tests were the U-bar type of 8 mm in diameter and frabricated from Type 304 stainless steel. The experimental parameters were the clearance (30, 50 and 100 mm) and the overhang length (250, 400, 550 and 1000 mm). The main purpose of these tests is to investigate the effects of the clearance and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The fundamental points to be considered in a waste treatment system for a country like Japan, where the final disposal method has not been decided and the wastes have to be stored in the power plants, are volume reduction of the wastes, safe storage of the wastes in the plant, and flexibility regarding the final disposal. A system has been developed that consists of a thin film evaporator for the direct solidification of the liquid waste, a pelletizer for producing hard pellets from the powdered wastes, a pellet storage unit, and a solidification unit for the final disposal. A pilot plant with waste treatment capacity of 200 kg/h was built in 1976 and has proved the system feasibility. This paper reports on pilot plant tests of the thin film evaporator and other components, tests on pellet deterioration during long term storage, and integrity tests on the final disposal of the pellet bitumen package.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Concerning the above, it is discussed whether such a system is feasible in Japan. A zinc/air cell system requires some special plants for zinc regeneration, etc. It is necessary to build a zinc refining plant and to install dozens of electrode replacing facilities in an area dozens of kilometers in diameter with the plant at the center. For such a system to be functional, there have to be several tens of thousands of automobile users in a limited area. In Japan, so large a number will not be found anywhere even if the appeal is directed to those in the postal service and electric utilities. There will be no economic success in Japan, different from in Germany. As for the economic comparison between a zinc/air cell system and natural gas system, the two will be equivalent to each other as far as the use of the quick filling stations for the natural gas automobiles remains as it is. When the number in consideration is so ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors trace the early history of nuclear power regulation in the US. Focusing on the Atomic Energy Commission, they describe the role of other groups that figured in the development of regulatory policies, including the Congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, other federal agencies, state governments, the nuclear industry, and scientific organizations. They consider changes in public perceptions of and attitudes toward atomic energy and the dangers of radiation exposure. The basic purpose of the book is to provide the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the general public with information on the historical antecedents and background of regulatory issues so that there will be continuity in policy decisions. The book concludes with an annotated bibliography of selected references. 19 figures.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In order to implement effective safety regulations on aging management for reactor facilities etc., the information on important technology issues, the latest technical knowledge including evaluation technology, test and research outcomes, related codes and standards, regulation information, operation experiences such as accidents and trouble, etc. with respect to aging-induced deterioration in and outside Japan and in other industries, were collected, organized and evaluated. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) may offer a potential near term, low-carbon alternative to today's gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles. A representative vehicle technology that runs on electricity in addition to conventional fuels was introduced into the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model as a perfect substitute for internal combustion engine (ICE-only) vehicles in two likely early-adopting markets, the United States and Japan. We investigate the effect of relative vehicle cost and all-electric range on the timing of PHEV market entry in the presence and absence of an advanced cellulosic biofuels technology and a strong (450ppm) economy-wide carbon constraint. Vehicle cost could be a significant barrier to PHEV entry unless fairly aggressive goals for re...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

At the importance increase of UT (ultrasonic testing) with the application of rules on fitness-for-service for nuclear power plants, JAPEIC (Japan power engineering and inspection corporation) started education training for defect detection and sizing technique. Weld joints specimen with EDM (Electro-Discharged Machining) notches, fatigue cracks and intergranular stress corrosion cracks were tested and practiced repeatedly based on a modified ultrasonic method and the defect size measuring accuracy of the trainees was surely improved. Results of the blind test confirmed effectiveness of education training. (T. Tanaka)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the construction work for the Unit No.5 Turbine Building at Hamaoka Nuclear Power Station, the collaboration work for the planning and the coordination of the building construction and the machinery installation was carried out utilizing three-dimensional computer aided design (3D CAD) information. It was the first time in Japan for a building constructor and a plant manufacturer to work together, exchanging 3D CAD data of the whole building and adjusting the construction schedule. It was made possible to confirm the correspondence concerning the planning of both companies from the primary stage of the project by the total process simulation and to adjust on-going work precisely by the partial process simulation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Recent achievements and tendency on reactor physics activities in Japan are reviewed according to topics published in journals or discussed at the Japan Research Committee on Reactor Physics.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Studies are made on coal in terms of its effective utilization, coal cleaning, fluidization and production of new fuel, and issues globally raised. Coal is abundant in reserves and high in supply stability and economic efficiency. However, it is much in CO2 emission per calorific value. To control as much CO2 emission as possible, effective utilization such as increasing of power generation efficiency has been proceeded with. In addition to ultra supercritical pressure and fluidized bed combustion, cited are coal gasification combined cycle power generation and high temperature type fuel cell. Coal has 5-20% ash and impurities like sulfur/nitrogen. Coal should be used clean by pollution abatement measures such as dust collecting, desulfurization and denitrification. Japan is at a world top level of these technologies. Coal is solid, and therefore, is more difficult to handle than liquid fuel. To use it easily, coal is ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Japanese May 2009 p. 386-390 Japan Mitani, Shinji Japan Nuclear Energy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report describes a study of the mass of the electron neutrino using electron capture in {sup 163}Ho in Japan for the period from 1981 to 1994. This monograph has two purposes, one is to supplement the papers on the mass of the electron neutrino already published by us and another is to make a record on some details of our experiments for future. Electron capture in a nucleus takes place in a rather small space inside an atom, where atomic physics, nuclear physics and particle physics work closely together. Therefore, this study needed an intimate collaboration of atomic physicists, nuclear physicists and particle physicists. In addition, it was necessary for this study to use various fine techniques, including metallurgy, production of {sup 163}Ho activity, micro-analysis by wet chemistry, isotope-dilution mass spectrometry, undulator radiation source technology, the soft X-ray monochromator ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

November 1989, marked the beginning of a new three-year cycle of DOE grant support, in connection with which the program underwent a major reorganization. This document presents the progress on the three objectives of the present program which are: to isolate by the technique of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE), proteins of special interest because of the relative mutability of the corresponding gene, establish the identity of the protein, and, for selected proteins, move to a characterization of the corresponding gene; to develop a more efficient approach, based on 2-D PAGE, for the detection of variants in DNA, with special reference to the identification of mutations in the parents of the individual whose DNA is being examined; and, to continue an effective interface with the genetic studies on the children of atomic bomb survivors in Japan, with reference to both the planning and implementation of new studies at ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Visualization of a liquid metal flow and image processing methods to measure the vector field are carried out by real-time neutron radiography. The JRR-3M real-time thermal neutron radiography facility in the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute was used. Lead-bismuth eutectic was used as a working fluid. Particles made from a gold-cadmium intermetallic compound (AuCd{sub 3}) were used as the tracer for the visualization. The flow vector field was obtained by image processing methods. It was shown that the liquid metal flow vector field was obtainable by real-time neutron radiography when the attenuation of neutron rays due to the liquid metal was less than l/e and the particle size of the tracer was larger than one image element size digitized for the image processing. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thermal hydraulics of a liquid metal is important to design the blanket of a magnetic confined fusion reactor. Since a liquid metal has high thermal and electrical conductivity, the flow characteristics are often different from those of an ordinary liquid like water especially in thermal convection and under a magnetic field. It is difficult to simulate such flows in a liquid metal cooled blanket by water. Flow visualization is a popular method to study thermal hydraulics. Since most of metals are visible by neutron rays, neutron radiography is available to the flow visualization of a liquid metal. The purpose of this study is to develop a visualization technique of the flow in a liquid metal by real-time neutron radiography using the tracer and the dye injection methods. A real-time thermal neutron radiography system of JRR-3M in Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute was used for the visualization test.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The fourth in a series of international Leak-Before-Break (LBB) Seminars supported in part by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission was held at the National Central Library in Taipei, Taiwan on May 11 and 12, 1989. The seminar updated the international polices and supporting research on LBB. Attendees included representatives from regulatory agencies, electric utilities, nuclear power plant fabricators, research organizations, and academic institutions. Regulatory policy was the subject of presentations by Mr. G. Arlotto (US NRC, USA) Dr. B. Jarman (AECB, Canada), Dr.P. Milella (ENEA-DISP, Italy), Dr. C. Faidy (EDF/Septen, France ), and Dr. K. Takumi (NUPEC, Japan). A paper by Mr. K. Wichman and Mr. A. Lee of the US NRC Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation is included as background material to these proceedings; it discusses the history and status of LBB applications in US nuclear power plants. In addition, several papers on ...

Science.gov (United States)

for sensitive personnel data. Based on the judgment of Task Force ...... Gunn, R ., Memorandum on Sub-Atomic Power Sources for Submarine ... Hunley, J., ed., The Birth of NASA: The Diary of T. Keith Glennan, SP-4105, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to realize improve of reliability and economy by duplicate production, rapid supply of repair parts from standardized storage, such were expected as to have continuous order of standardized plant, to ignore site condition, to avoid expansion of regulatory requirement. Standardization program was planned to limitedly promote standardization of safety-related design concept, major specification and basic system composition of reactor and primary systems. The area of standardization had been tried to expand to BOP such as general arrangement and rad-waste system.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Japan's first water power station to provide public power was the Keage plant (maximum output 160 kW) which began operation in 1891. The installed capacity of pure hydro plants reached 20 481 MW in March 1991; pumped-storage powerplants account for 17 004 MW, making a total of 37 483 MW. Pumped-storage thus represents 45 per cent of total hydro capacity. Pure hydro plants under construction at the end of March 1990 totalled 75, representing 968 MW of capacity. There were also seven pumped-storage plants under construction (each more than 300 MW). The latest survey to establish the hydro potential of Japan indicated the gross theoretical hydro potential to be 717 600 GWh/year and the exploitable potential to be 130 524 GWh/year. Of this exploitable potential, 60 per cent is in operation and 3 per cent is under construction. The exploitable potential represents 4551 pure hydro plants, with a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents the results obtained from the application of the accident consequence assessment code, called OSCAAR, developed in Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute to the Iput dose reconstruction scenario of BIOMASS Theme 2 organized by International Atomic Energy Agency. The Iput Scenario deals with {sup 137}Cs contamination of the catchment basin and agricultural area in the Bryansk Region of Russia, which was heavily contaminated after the Chernobyl accident. This exercise was used to test the chronic exposure pathway models in OSCAAR with actual measurements and to identify the most important sources of uncertainly with respect to each part of the assessment. The OSCAAR chronic exposure pathway models almost successfully reconstructed the whole 10-year time course of {sup 137}Cs activity concentrations in most requested types of agricultural products and natural foodstuffs. Modeling of {sup 137}Cs downward ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The fundamental points to be considered in a waste treatment system for a country like Japan, where the final disposal method has not been decided and the wastes have to be stored in the power plants, are volume reduction of the wastes, safe storage of the wastes in the plant, and flexibility regarding the final disposal. A system has been developed that consists of a thin film evaporator for the direct solidification of the liquid waste, a pelletizer for producing hard pellets from the powdered wastes, a pellet storage unit, and a solidification unit for the final disposal. A pilot plant with waste treatment capacity of 200 kg/h was built in 1976 and has proved the system feasibility. This paper reports on pilot plant tests of the thin film evaporator and other components, tests on pellet deterioration during long term storage, and integrity tests on the final disposal of the pellet bitumen package.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In Japan, the development of next-generation Light Water Reactor has been launched since April 2008. The development program will be completed in 2015. The purpose of development is to cope with the replacement for existing nuclear power plants after 2030 in Japan and the expanding demand for nuclear power in the world; 'Nuclear Renaissance.' The reactor also aims to be global standard at around 2030. The requirements for global standard and domestic users have been investigated through the feasibility study of past 2 years, 2006-2007, and six innovative features or 'Core-Concepts' were established as follows. A) Reactor core system with uranium enrichment above 5% for significant decrease of spent fuel discharge and prominent higher availability B) Long-life materials and innovative water chemistry technologies for 80 years plant lifetime and significant reduction of occupational dose C) Seismic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During 17 years since the start of operation of the first commercial LWR in Japan, many LWRs have experienced various corrosion damages, but the causes of them were clarified, and the counter-measures were executed effectively in actual plants, as the results, the cause of corrosion damage decreased remarkably, and now, the high rate of operation has become to be maintained. In this paper, the major cases of corrosion damage experienced in LWRs in Japan and foreign countries, the causes of them and the countermeasures, the problems of hereafter and so on are described. The corrosion damage of metallic materials in the environment of LWRs occurs in the parts in contact with high temperature, high pressure water and steam, such as stainless steel piping in the primary cooling system of BWRs, and nickel alloy heating tubes of steam generators, carbon steel feed water piping and zirconium alloy fuel cladding tubes in PWRs. Recently, accompanying ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geothermal energy is one of the more promising renewable energy technologies because it is environmentally benign and, unlike most renewable energy sources, can provide base power. This report provides an assessment of the research and development (R&D) work underway in geothermal energy in the following countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, and the United Kingdom. While the R&D work underway in the US exceeds the R&D efforts of the other countries, the lead is eroding. This erosion is due to reductions in federal government funding for geothermal energy R&D and the decline of the US petroleum industry. This erosion of R&D leadership is hindering commercialization of US geothermal energy products and services. In comparison, the study countries are promoting the commercialization of their geothermal energy products and services. As a result, some of these countries, in particular ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In response to severe maintenance problems caused by the highly corrosive toxic and radioactive substance used in the nuclear reprocessing industry, AEA Technology (formerly the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority) has developed a series of power fluidics devices with no moving parts. These maintenance-free devices are described in this article which also explores applications in fields outside their original brief. (UK).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tarapur Atomic Power Station, Unit 3 and 4 is located on the West Coast of the Arabian Sea near the existing Tarapur Atomic Power Station Unit 1 and 2. The nearest railway station is Boisar at a distance of 12 km from the site, which is on the main Western Railway Mumbai-Delhi route. The site is well connected by road and is about 30 Km from Mumbai-Ahmedabad National Highway-NH-8. The paper describes the land acquisition and rehabilitisation of the affected families, importance of project in the western grid, how it works, working principles of PHWR, principle of operation, major components/equipment, important systems, safety features, and waste management

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report describes selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technologies which offer an economical and effective means of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from electricity generation facilities and reviews the feasibility and cost effectiveness of employing this technology on electricity generating facilities in Ontario. Based on experiences in the United States, in British Columbia, and internationally in Japan and Germany, the indication is that the technology for the installation of SCR systems on new gas-fired combined cycle power plants and existing coal-fired power plants has grown enormously during the past decade, and has been established as the control technology of choice for nitrogen oxide emissions. It is widely acknowledged to reduce power plant nitrogen oxide emissions, and do so at a very reasonable incremental cost. It is estimated that the annualized cost of installing and operating a ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(Jul 1974). Japan Kokame, J. Tokyo Univ., Tanashi (Japan). Inst. for

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: In a case of automatically controlling the water level at the time of generating a lower power, to impact the followability of the control necessary for the power variation of the steam generator thereby to obtain good controllability. Constitution: A signal of deviation of water level of a steam generator and its set value and a signal of a difference between the temperature of the primary coolant in the high temperature side pipeline and that of the primary coolant in the low temperature side pipeline are used to automatically or manually control the flow quantity of water fed to the steam generator. (Yoshihara, H.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The NPPs safety system in Germany is discussed. It is shown that there exists no threat for the German NPPs at the peace times. They release insignificant quantities of radioactive substances into the water and atmosphere. The average equivalent dose constitutes 0.0005 mSv annually. The annual equivalent dose for the personnel is equal to 4.4 mSv. At the same time, the NPPs contribute to a certain degree to the environmental medium improvement, preventing the ingress therein of the sulfur and carbon dioxide, dust and nitrogen oxides by application of fossil fuels. Attention is also paid to reprocessing facilities and also to the nuclear fuel wastes disposal. The advantages of the nuclear power engineering in comparison with the fossil fuel power engineering are enumerated

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A laser-induced plasma of alkali atoms was studied with a view to efficient recovery of isotope ions, with small charge exchange losses. The electron temperature was measured by the double-probe method for several kinds of excitation schemes, which gave the relationship between temperature and the energy given to ions by laser photons. A charge exchange process between lithium isotopes was also studied in an electromagnetic field. It was shown that optimum electrostatic and magnetic field strength exist which maximise the 'separative power'.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The FLAPW (full-potential linearized-augmented plane-wave) method is one of the most accurate first-principles methods for determining electronic and magnetic properties of crystals and surfaces. Until the present work, the FLAPW method has been limited to systems of less than about one hundred atoms due to a lack of an efficient parallel implementation to exploit the power and memory of parallel computers. In this work we present an efficient parallelization of the method by division among the processors of the plane-wave components for each state. The code is also optimized for RISC (reduced instruction set computer) architectures, such as those found on most parallel computers, making full use of BLAS (basic linear algebra subprograms) wherever possible. Scaling results are presented for systems of up to 686 silicon atoms and 343 palladium atoms per unit cell, running on up to 512 processors on a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Encapsulation of a unique isotopic blend of krypton and xenon gas employs a special application of laser technology. The encapsulated gas is then used as the primary medium for detection and identification of failed nuclear fuel rods. The use of gas tagging as a means of detecting and identifying failed nuclear fuel rods has been successfully demonstrated and used by the Argonne National Laboratory, Experimental Breeder Reactor (EBR-2) Project, and the Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC), Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) Fast Breeder Reactor Program. The Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC) of Japan has selected this leak detection system for use in their MONJU Prototype Reactor fuel assemblies. The MONJU reactor is almost identical in design to the highly successful FFTF reactor, which is currently in standby status.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this paper I argue that when a researcher is a research instrument, it is likely that the researcher would develop a heightened awareness of his/her own cultural conditioning, especially in the case of cross-cultural studies. And that such awareness would make him/her realise that one's own cultural background may indeed have an influence on formulating his/her research methodology. The paper is based on my own research project on development cooperation between Japan and Cambodia, whereby I examined the perceptions of Cambodians and Japanese on what an appropriate power relationship between donors and recipients should be. At the outset of my research project, I paid little attention to my own cultural condition and the role it might play in my study, though I was aware that being Japa...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A series of Model Tests of Embedment Effect on Reactor Buildings has been carried out by the Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation (NUPEC), under the sponsorship of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) of Japan. Sinusoidal forced vibration tests were carried out on three types of large-scale models to study the embedment effect on dynamic soil-structure interaction. The differences in the resonance curves and the impedance functions were discussed in relation to the vibration characteristics of the respective structures. The embedment effects on the structural responses vary according to the stiffness of the structure. The responses of the structures can be evaluated by the Axisymmetric FEM analyses. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A comprehensive review was conducted of primary helium coolant chemistry data, based on current and past operating histories of helium-cooled, high-temperature reactors (HTGRs), including the Fort St. Vrain (FSV) HTGR. A reference observed FSV reactor coolant environment was identified. Further, a slightly drier expected FSV coolant chemistry was predicted for reactor operation at 100% of full power. The expected environment was compared with helium test environments used in the US, United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Japan. Based on a comprehensive review and analysis of mechanical property data reported for Alloy 800 tested in controlled-impurity helium environments (and in air when appropriate for comparison), an assessment was made of the effect of FSV expected helium chemistry on material properties of alloy 800, with emphasis on design properties of the Alloy 800 material utilized in the FSV steam generators.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of visualization and void fraction measurement of air-water two-phase flow in a small diameter tube (I.D.: 4.08 mm) by using the real-time neutron radiography and image processing techniques. Video images of two-phase flow were taken by using the real-time neutron radiography system (thermal neutron radiography facility No.2) installed at the Japan Research Reactor 3M of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. The shape of bubbles and its moving behavior were clearly observed from the video images. The image corrections for dark current, shading, field intensity fluctuation and electrical system drift were examined in order to measure the void fraction from the video images. Though, generally speaking, the effect of the scattered neutron could not be ignored for quantification of the images taken by the neutron radiography, the scattered neutron could not ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of visualization and void fraction measurement of air-water two-phase flow in a small diameter tube (I.D.: 4.08 mm) by using the real-time neutron radiography and image processing techniques. Video images of two-phase flow were taken by using the real-time neutron radiography system (thermal neutron radiography facility No.2) installed at the Japan Research Reactor 3M of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. The shape of bubbles and its moving behavior were clearly observed from the video images. The image corrections for dark current, shading, field intensity fluctuation and electrical system drift were examined in order to measure the void fraction from the video images. Though, generally speaking, the effect of the scattered neutron could not be ignored for quantification of the images taken by the neutron radiography, the scattered neutron could not ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Efforts have been made to develop fuel cell powered EVs (electric vehicles) in several countries and to demonstrate its high potential. Since 1990 fuel cell research has been conducted at FUT (the Fukui University of Technology) beginning with PAFC. Research effort is now being focused upon the application of fuel cells to the EV drive as this technology shows great future potential, particularly in the area concerning environmental protection. PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell) has been chosen as the fuel cell for the EV power source because it possesses an inherent high power density and it also has another important feature; operation can be started under ambient temperature without preheating. The principal objective of this research is to pursue the optimum system of a PEFC drive EV. The size of the prototype vehicle in the university project is limited to a certain range and the capacity of the PEFG stack is also ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Japanese (Mar 1974). Japan Mabuchi, Toshio Kuwada, Hikaru . Kagawa Univ.,

Science.gov (United States)

... Examples are when carbon dioxide and volcanic ash emitted into the atmosphere by volcanic eruptions ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... 1343-3563 v. 57(1) SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Systems Research and Development Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa (Japan)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Engineering, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka (Japan) Hattanda, Takumi NTT Advanced

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have been developing an innovative Steam Generator concept of Fast Breeder Reactors by using liquid-liquid direct contact heat transfer. In this concept, the SG shell is filled with a molten alloys, which is heated by primary sodium. Water is fed into the high temperature molten alloy, and evaporates by direct contact heating. In order to obtain the fundamental information to discuss the heat transfer mechanisms of the direct contact between the water and the alloy, this phenomenon was visualized by real-time neutron radiography. JRR-3M real-time thermal neutron radiography in Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute was used. Followings are main results. (1) The vigorous evaporation occurs in the molten alloy. This phenomena is different from the known phenomenon such as the evaporation of refrigerant R-113 in the water. (2) The evaporation in the bubble has finished in a moment due to high heat transfer performance between the liquid and ...

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The Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute has conducted a piping reliability test program to demonstrate the safety and reliability of light water reactor primary piping. In this program, pipe fatigue test, leak-before-break (LBB) verification test and pipe rupture test were carried out to examine the integrity of piping, to verify the LBB and to demonstrate the effectiveness of protective measures against jet impingement and pipe whip loads under a pipe rupture event.In the pipe fatigue test, a procedure to predict the fatigue crack growth was developed, and the integrity of piping during the plant service life was evaluated. In the LBB verification test, the pipe fracture test and the leak rate test were performed to verify the LBB in the primary piping.In the pipe rupture test, the influence of jet impingement on the target disk and the deformation behavior of whipping pipe and restraint were investigated. Using the test results, the jet ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Upon request by the Science and Technology Agency of Japanese Government, the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute has conducted Piping Reliability Test Program to demonstrate the safety and reliability of light water reactor primary pipings. In this report, the results of the program are summarized. In the test program, pipe fatigue tests, Leak-Before-Break (LBB) verification tests and pipe rupture tests were carried out to examine the integrity of pipings, to verify the LBB concept and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the protective measures against jet impingement and pipe whip under pipe rupture event, respectively. In the pipe fatigue tests, a procedure to predict the fatigue crack growth was developed and the integrity of piping during plant service life was demonstrated. In the LBB verification tests, pipe fracture tests and leak rate tests were performed using cracked pipes. Based on the test results, LBB in the primary pipings was ...

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`Experimental Seminar on Nuclear Energy for Teachers` was conducted and sponsored by the Science and Technology Agency. And in order to understand nuclear energy properly through lectures and experiments with good results inclass, the seminar carried out for teachers of high schools and junior high schools by the Nuclear Technology and Education Center (NuTEC), Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute in 1990 FY to 1997 FY. In this report, details of the seminars in the above period are described and No.1 to 17 of Communication Letters of Experimental Seminar on Nuclear Energy` started at 1992 FY are described also. These letters were prepared for attendant follow-up program. And programs of recent seminars, future`s seminars, impressions and comments from attendants, reports from actual classes and others are described in these letters and they are very useful for educational classes on nuclear energy by other teachers. Therefore contents of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

At the Tokai Research Establishment of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, the radioactive solid waste incineration unit with a capacity of 100 kg/h was installed in 1979, since then the unit has been routinly operated. An off-gas cleaning system of the unit consists mainly of a primary and secondary ceramic filters, a heat resistant HEPA filter and a scrubber. A series of hot test was carried out to examine the docontamination performance for radionuclides in the off-gas cleaning system. In the test, simulated wastes contaminated with a known quantity of radionuclides were burned in the unit, and radioactive concentrations in the off-gas were measured. And then, the following data were obtained: a retention factor of radionuclides in a furnace and a decontamination factor for radionuclides in each of off-gas cleaning components. And also overall decontamination factors, defined as the ratio of radioactivities input to the furnace to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Severe accident analysis has been performed for the Wolsung nuclear power= plants in Korea to investigate severe accident phenomena of CANDU-600 reactors as a part of Level II PSA study. The accident sequence analyzed in this paper is loss of active heat sinks (LOAH) which is caused by loss of off-site power, diesel generators, and DC power. ISAAC (Integrated Severe Accident Analysis Code) computer code developed by KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) was used in this analysis. This paper describes the important thermal-hydraulics and source term behaviors in the primary system and inside containment, and the failure mechanisms of calandria vessel and containment. In addition, some insights for accident management program (AMP) are also given. (Author) 5 refs., 1 tab., 12 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nano structured carbon nitride thin films were deposited at different RF powers in the range of 50 W to 225 W and constant gas ratio of (argon: nitrogen) Ar:N_2 by RF magnetron sputtering. The atomic percentage of Nitrogen: Carbon (N/C) content and impedance of the films increased from 14.36% to 22.31% and 9 x 10"-"1 #OMEGA# to 7 x 10"5 #OMEGA# respectively with increase in RF power. The hardness of the deposited films increased from 3.12 GPa to 13.12 GPa. The increase in sp"3 hybridized C-N sites and decrease of grain size with increase in RF power is responsible for such variation of observed mechanical and electrical properties.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Over the past few years, NPCIL has performed comprehensive Level-1 Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) for a 220 MWe Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) at Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS) and for the first 540 MWe PHWR at Tarapur Atomic Power Project (TAPP- 3 and 4). The major objective of these PSAs was to present an integrated picture of the safety of the plant to identify and understand key plant vulnerabilities. As a result of the availability of these PSAs, there is a desire to use them to operate the plants in the most efficient manner practicable. In recent years, the operation of Indian Nuclear Power Plants has been characterized by improved availability/capacity factors and reduced forced outages. Frequency of planned outages is also being reduced. In order to achieve this, the PSAs are now being used as an engineering tool for optimization of Technical ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes a Honshu-Shikoku linking transmission cable building plan and its technical features. The Chugoku District and the Shikoku District are supplied with power currently by the Chugoku-Shikoku trunk line of 220,000 volts. To cope with the anticipated power shortage, a plan was established to install power cables for 500,000 volts on the Honshu-Shikoku connecting bridge. The plan calls far an installation length of 127.4 km and a transmission capacity of 1.2 million kW per line. The cable installation on the Seto Bridge was completed already, the construction is now in the peak period for building steel towers on the land sections, and laying overhead cables and underground cables. Commencement of the operation is scheduled 1994 on one liner, and 2000 on two lines. The technical features include the Japan's first large-capacity, long-distance underground transmission cable ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This work estimates the power requirements for using photochemical processes driven by space nuclear power to counteract the Earth's ozone layer depletion. The total quantity of ozone (O_3) in the Earth's atmosphere is estimated to be about 4.7 x 10"3"7 molecules. The ozone production and destruction rates in the stratosphere are both on the order of 4.9 x 10"3"1 molecules/s, differing by a small fraction so that the net depletion rate is about 0.16 to 0.26% per year. The delivered optical power requirement for offsetting this depletion is estimated to be on the order of 3 GW. If the power were produced by satellite reactors at 800 km altitude (orbit decay time #approx# 300 years), some means of efficient power beaming would be needed to deliver the power to stratospheric levels (10--50 km). Ultraviolet radiation at 140--150 nm could have higher absorption rates ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In order to meet the needs of remote servicing performed in nuclear power plants, in fuel reprocessing plants and in atomic research centers three companies: - STMI, subsidiary of CEA, EDF and SGN, specialized in decontamination and dismantling, - La Calhene, subsidiary of CEA and SGN, specialized in robotics, - Inspectronic, manufacturer of closed circuit television cameras, have combined to create the Visionic Society, the main objectives of which are observation by television and inspections in radioactive environment.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Angular wave functions are investigated which describe the motion of two electrons in the field of a nucleus at fixed equal distances from electrons to the nucleus. Calculation methods are considered that include matching of power series and expansion in series of Legendre polynomials. Asymptotic properties of solutions at small large distances are determined.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Test Area North (TAN) was a site of the Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP) Project of the U.S. Air Force and the Atomic Energy Commission. Its Cold War mission was to develop a turbojet bomber propelled by nuclear power. The project was part of an arms race. Test activities took place in five areas at TAN. The Assembly & Maintenance area was a shop and hot cell complex. Nuclear tests ran at the Initial Engine Test area. Low-power test reactors operated at a third cluster. The fourth area was for Administration. A Flight Engine Test facility (hangar) was built to house the anticipated nuclear-powered aircraft. Experiments between 1955-1961 proved that a nuclear reactor could power a jet engine, but President John F. Kennedy canceled the project in March 1961. ANP facilities were adapted for new reactor projects, the most important of which were Loss of Fluid Tests (LOFT), part of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

During the normal operation of a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), radioactive releases into the atmosphere will be in small quantities. During major accidental situations, though the probability is extremely small, there may be significant release of radioactivity to the environment through the stack or at ground level. To study the external radiation exposure, if any, to the members of public due to releases during the normal operation of a nuclear power plant (NPP) and also to meet the requirement of emergency preparedness for the NPP site, continuous recording and analysis of environmental dose rate data is essential. This paper presents analysis of the gamma dose rates recorded by the Environmental Dose Logging Systems (EDLS) installed around the site during the last six years in the Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) of Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS). (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tarapur Atomic Power Station unit-4 is first 540 MWe pressurized heavy water reactor. Heavy water is used as the coolant and moderator. With reactor operation tritium is formed by absorption of neutron by Deuterium atoms. Experience in the 220 MWe indicates that tritium is main contributor to the internal dose of radiation workers. Study on Tritium build up in Primary Heat Transport (PHT) and Moderator (MOD) system was carried out at the initial stage of the operation of the unit-3 and 4. This paper brings out tritium activity buildup in the PHT and MOD systems and its comparison with 220 MWe reactors. This paper helps in estimation of the internal dose contribution to the radiation workers at TAPS 3 and 4. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper an analysis will be performed to assess the economical competitiveness of Nuclear Power against other base load technologies. There are several plans to build more nuclear power plants in western countries; these plans are result among other things of the fossil fuel high prices and the concern for the global warming. France started the construction of one EPR at Flamanville in 2007 and at the end of 2008 there were 17 applications before NRC for construction and operation licenses (COL) to build as much as 26 new reactor units in USA, among the designs selected are the US-EPR, APWR, ESBWR, ABWR and AP1000. Currently, there is a lot of uncertainty about what is the overnight cost for a new generation III nuclear power plant and the vendors are not providing too much information. However, it is expected that under the new economy conditions the overnight cost will be between 2500 and 3500 USD/kW, the output ...

Wastenet

Incorporating Environmentally Conscious Materials Selection in CAD System Narito Shibaike, Matsushita Electric, Japan ...Ikeda, Matsushita Erectric H.Ishida, INAX Y.Ishikawa, Japan Techno-Economics ...Tsuchiya*, Matsushita Electric Com- ponents Y.Tsuchiya*, Society of Japanese Value

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The results of clinical trials conducted in Europe and North America have been incorporated into treatment strategies for breast cancer in Japan. Despite the use of similar treatment regimens, why has...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

ORNL has conducted a Nuclear Power Options Viability Study for the Department of Energy. That study is primarily concerned with new technology which could be developed for initial operation in the 2000 to 2010 time frame. Such technology would have to compete not only with coal options but with incrementally improved commercial light-water-reactors. This survey reported here was undertaken to gain an understanding of the nuclear commercial technology likely to be offered in the late 1980s and perhaps beyond. The three US vendors actively marketing NSSSs are each developing a product for the future which they expect to be more reliable, more maintainable, more economical, and safer than the present plants. These are all essentially 3800-MW(t) designs, although all are studying smaller plants. They apparently will be off offered as standard prelicensed designs with much larger scope than earlier NSSS offerings, with the possibility of firm prices. Westinghouse with ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The aim of this paper is to analyse the role that the Japanese Government has played in the development of alternatives to conventional vehicles, the effect of government programmes, and the importance of technical flexibility in government support schemes. The focus is on battery-powered electric vehicles (BPEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell electric vehicles. The effects of government policy and the process of innovation are analysed from a systems approach drawing on the literature regarding technical change and innovation. The whole chain of government support, including the context in which these different policies have been implemented since the early 1970s, is studied. The Japanese Government has adopted a comprehensive strategy including R and D, demonstration programmes and market support guided by long-term strategic plans. The role of the Government has been that of a conductor in the development process supplying both R and D support ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(Feb 1977). Japan Syamal, A. Bombay Univ. (India). Univ. Dept. of Chemical

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Industry, Material Science Research Laboratory, Yokosuka, Kanagawa (Japan)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Japanese (Sep 1974). Japan Kudo, Susumu . Kansai Medical School,

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(Jun 1978). United States Chino, K. Hitachi Research Lab., Japan Kikuchi,

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fusion energy is one of only a few truly long-term energy options. Since its inception in the 1950s, the vision of the fusion energy research program has been to develop a viable means of harnessing the virtually unlimited energy stored in the nuclei of light atoms--the primary fuel deuterium is present as one part in 6,500 of all hydrogen. This vision grew out of the recognition that the immense power radiated by the sun is fueled by nuclear fusion in its hot core. Such high temperatures are a prerequisite for driving significant fusion reactions. The fascinating fourth state of matter at high temperatures is known as plasma. It is only in this fourth state of matter that the nuclei of two light atoms can fuse, releasing the excess energy that was needed to separately bind each of the original two nuclei. Because the nuclei of atoms carry a net positive electric charge, they repel each other. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Focuses on the application of remote sensing techniques to the study of coal waste mounds. The situation at the coal waste mounds in Fukuoka, Japan is cited. Guidelines on film parameters, photographic keys and tasks required to inventory, monitor and manage coal waste mounds in Japan are addressed. Application of photogrammetry, remote sensing, aerial photography and satellite imagery techniques in monitoring spoil banks is reviewed. Applicability of the techniques is discussed. 24 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To assure quality of safety critical software, software should be developed in accordance with software development procedures and rigorous software verification and validation should be performed. Software verification is the formal act of reviewing, testing of checking, and documenting whether software components comply with the specified requirements for a particular stage of the development phase[1]. New software verification methodology was developed and was applied to the Shutdown System No. 1 and 2 (SDS1,2) for Wolsung 2,3 and 4 nuclear power plants by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI) and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited(AECL) in order to satisfy new regulation requirements of Atomic Energy Control Boars(AECB). Software verification methodology applied to SDS1 for Wolsung 2,3 and 4 project will be described in this paper. Some errors were found by this methodology during the software ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Various types of nuclear power plants are being constructed and operated in Korea, and in terms of regulatory control, a method of examining and evaluating the structural integrity of containment structure is being used. Generally, after the construction has been completed, all containment structure go through a Structural Integrity Test(hereinafter SIT) in which the displacement occurring in a structure under greater internal pressure than it was designed for is measured and the result is comparatively assessed with the allowed criteria. Most of the nuclear power plants in Korea are American type plants and their SIT uses the Invar-wire and Extensometer methods. These existing methods are expected to be used for the APR1400 plant currently being built unless some other reliable alternative technique is presented. This tendency can be observed in other countries, such as Japan, and there is thus insufficient effort to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Critical experiments have been analyzed to verify a nuclear analysis system for fast reactors used in Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC). The experiments were performed in a collaboration work between JNC and the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering of Russia to dispose Russian surplus weapons plutonium, focusing on the effect of the introduction of uranium-plutonium mixed-dioxide (MOX) fuel and stainless steel reflector into the current BN-600 core that is comprised of UO_2 fuel and blanket. The analysis results agreed well with measured values on most of the nuclear characteristics. The accuracies are comparable to those obtained for the conventional MOX fueled fast reactors. It suggests that the JNC analysis system can analyze accurately nuclear characteristics in uranium fueled cores as well. A significant improvement was achieved on the sodium void reactivity by employing an ultra fine group cell calculation system. A ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A measurement of environmental radioactivity in Tokyo was started from 1974. We have been executing fixed time and fixed point observation since 1983 in Tokyo continuously. Measurement item is rain water, airborne dust, activated sludge at sewage treatment plants and external dose rate. Measurement data from 1983 to 1995 is reported in this paper. Moreover, we have been carried out the measurement of radon concentration in air from 1988 to 1991 in different types of residental buildings. The measurement results of rain water, airborne dust, external dose rate were approximately a background level respectively except for the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Radionuclides used as radiopharmaceuticals were detected in the activated sludge at every sewage treatment plant but its concentration was lower than concentration limit in Japan. From a result of radon concentration measurements, there were no place which exceeds a radon concentration ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Introduction of geothermal heat pump systems, which depend on temperature differential, is investigated for urban areas, which have large energy demands. Results of the surveys on the current situations of geothermal heat pump (GHP) systems indicate that they have already numbered 300,000 units in USA and totaled more than 50,000 units in Switzerland and Northern European countries, and that they are increasing at an annual rate of higher than 10%. The results also indicate that introduction of these systems are well feasible in Japan, which generally has better topographical conditions than American and European countries, and the GHP system with vertical ground heat exchanger is investigated for its topographical and environmental considerations. These systems could annually abate approximately 52 million tons of CO2 (4.3% decrease), if disseminated to all households. They are also expected to help control the heat island phenomenon, and reduce peak ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work, the silicon oxynitride layer was studied as a tunneling layer for non-volatile memory application by fabricating low temperature polysilicon thin film transistors on glass. Silicon wafers were oxynitrided by only nitrous oxide plasma under different radio frequency powers and plasma treatment times. Plasma oxynitridation was performed in RF plasma using inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition. The X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy was employed to analyze the atomic concentration ratio of nitrogen/oxygen in oxynitride layer. The oxynitrided layer formed under radio frequency power of 150 W and substrate temperature of 623 K was found to contain the atomic concentration ratio of nitrogen/oxygen as high as 1.57. The advantage of high nitrogen concentration in silicon oxide layer formed by using nitrous oxide plasma was investigated by capacitance-voltage measurement. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Research and development and other activities of the various constituent units of Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and also of the institution aided by DAE for the year 2005-2006 are reported. The various constituents units of DAE consist of nuclear research centres, nuclear power stations, fuel reprocessing and heavy water plants, nuclear fuel fabrication facilities, electronic and instrumentation production organisations, atomic mineral processing units and other nuclear installations. The activities of DAE cover the whole gamut of nuclear fuel cycle, research and development in nuclear science and reactor technology, applications of radiation and radioisotopes, radiation protection, research and development in front line areas such as robotics, lasers, mathematics and computational sciences. International research collaborations like CERN-DAE collaboration were completed by BARC. These activities are described broadly ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electron energy loss (EEL) spectroscopy and high angle annular dark field (HAADF) imaging in aberration-corrected electron microscopes are powerful techniques to determine the chemical composition and structure of materials at atomic resolution. We have implemented Smart Acquisition, a flexible system of scanning transmission electron microsocpy (STEM) beam position control and EELS collection, on two aberration-corrected dedicated cold field emission gun (FEG) STEMs located at SuperSTEM, Daresbury Laboratory. This allows the collection of EEL spectra from spatially defined areas with a much lower electron dose possible than existing techniques such as spectrum imaging.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has been developing the integral reactor. The reactor head structure assembly (RHSA) is the structure installed over the reactor cover. Due to the characteristics of an integral reactor, there are many instrument cables and power cables coming out from the reactor cover and main components. The RHSA provides an interface location to connect these cables from Architecture Engineer (AE) and System Designer (SD). It also prevents a pipe whip and it prohibits instruments from becoming missiles. In this research, the axiomatic design approach for the RHSA is performed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In Korea, a manufacturing process for the fabrication of CANDU 37-element fuel bundles was successfully developed between 1981 and 1986. At Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), more than 20,000 fuel bundles were produced up to May 1992, for use in Wolsung-1 power reactor. At the time of the conference, about 15,000 of these fuel bundles had been irradiated in Wolsung-1, and almost all of them had performed well. From 1995, the commercial fuel production program will be transferred to Korea Nuclear Fuel Company, which is building a plant with a capacity of 400 tons of uranium per year. So-called CANFLEX fuel, more appropriate to advanced fuel cycles, is being developed jointly by AECL and KAERI. The paper includes a listing of the current status of the Republic of Korea's nuclear power plants, with planning projections up to the year 2006. 2 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) consists of horizontal calandria vessel containing a large number of pressure tubes (fuel channels) connected to the reactor inlet and outlet headers by individual feeders. Coolant flow distribution among the pressure tubes play a vital role in extraction of thermal power. For these reactors one of the design objectives is to achieve uniform coolant outlet temperatures by providing coolant flows according to the channel power. This is achieved by the design process known as feeder sizing. This basically consists of accounting for the individual channel power and centre line geometry of individual feeder and iteratively adjusting the feeder hydraulic resistances within the design constraints such as limiting flow velocities, channel flows. Recently, the first unit of 540 MWe i.e Tarapur Atomic Power Project (unit 4) has been commissioned. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

At Tarapur Atomic Power Station 3 and 4, 540 MWe Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors, core being large in size requires a continuous in core monitoring for local flux disturbances. Nearly 200 Self Powered Neutron Detectors (SPNDs) of the Straight Individually Replaceable (SIR) type are distributed in the reactor core. For purpose of reactor regulation and protection, cobalt SPNDs that have a prompt response for changes in power is used for in-core flux mapping, vanadium SPNDs that provide accurate measure of neutron flux, even though having slow response is used In core SPNDs are placed in Vertical Flux Units (VFU) and Horizontal Flux Units (HFUs). These SPNDs were to be replaced at regular intervals to meet the design intent. Cobalt SPNDs have dose rates of the order of 1000 Gy/h and the Mineral Insulated (MI) cables of Vanadium SPNDs have dose rates of the order of 100 Gy/h. So far 3 Cobalt SPNDs were ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A guidance document on the instrumentation for monitoring and control of cycle chemistry for the steam-water circuits of fossil-fired and combined-cycle power plants was developed within the IAPWS Power Cycle Chemistry Working Group. This technical guidance document has been authorized by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) at its meeting in Doorwerth, The Netherlands, 6-11 September, 2009, for issue by its Secretariat. The members of the IAPWS are: Britain and Ireland, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Japan, Russia, and the United States of America, and the associate members Argentina and Brazil, Italy, and Switzerland. In order to achieve suitable chemical conditions in steam-water circuits it is essential to establish reliable monitoring of key parameters on every plant. This enables the demonstration of operation within cycle chemistry targets, and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aetiology of childhood leukaemia remains generally unknown, although exposure to moderate and high levels of ionising radiation, such as was experienced during the atomic bombings of Japan or from radiotherapy, is an established cause. Risk models based primarily upon studies of the Japanese A-bomb survivors imply that low-level exposure to ionising radiation, including to ubiquitous natural background radiation, also raises the risk of childhood leukaemia. In a recent paper (Wakeford et al 2009 Leukaemia 23 770-6) we estimated the proportion of childhood leukaemia incidence in Great Britain attributable to natural background radiation to be about 20%. In this paper we employ the two sets of published leukaemia risk models used previously, but use recently published revised estimates of natural background radiation doses received by the red bone marrow of British children to update the previous results. Using the newer dosimetry we ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) are promoting construction plan of Material-Life Science Facility, which is consisted of Muon Science Facility and Neutron Scattering Facility, in order to open up the new science fields. The Neutron Scattering Facility will be utilized for advanced fields of Material and Life science using high intensity neutrons generated by the spallation reaction induced by injecting a 1 MW pulsed proton beam onto a mercury target. Design of the spallation mercury target system is in progress to obtain good neutron performance keeping high reliability and safety. The target material is mercury. As a result of the spallation reaction, large amount of radioactive spallation products are to be contained in the mercury. Therefore to establish the safety of the target system, transient behaviors of the system during anticipated events should be well understood. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Deforestation in Mato Grosso, Brazil. atom_author. atom_name, Jesse Allen. atom_link. kml_href, http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Feeds/GoogleEarth/ ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Argentina has two operating PHWR nuclear power plants. Atucha I NPP is a pressure vessel type heavy water reactor of 360 MW e with 25 years of operation and Embalse NPP is a pressure tube type CANDU-600 reactor of 640 MW e. Atucha II, a third plant of 600 MW e of the pressure vessel type similar to Atucha I, is being constructed. NASA (Nucleoelectrica Argentina S.A.) currently operates both nuclear power plants. The National Atomic Energy Commission (Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica - CNEA) provides operational support to the plants, including research and development assistance, and actual technical services and maintenance work in different areas. The Chemistry Department, formerly the Reactor Chemistry Department has carried out project and support activities to the plants during the past 20 years. The aim of this work is to describe the present organization and the activities in reactor chemistry of the Chemistry ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The contribution is concerned from a legal point of view with the systematic recording, classification and assessment of specific problems concerning the post-operational phase of a nuclear power plant. As an introduction, present experience with decommissioning in the Federal Republic of Germany is dealt with. The first part treats the factual side of section 7 III AtG, explains the terms mentioned, the concrete extent of licensing and priority relations. In part 2 the preconditions for licensing pursuant to section 7 III AtG are dealt with, the stipulations of which are made difficult in particular on account of the reference in section 7 III sentence 2 AtG. The third part is concerned with the legal consequence of section III AtG, i.e. the extent of official discretionary powers, whereby aspects of radioactive waste management carry great weight. In part four administrative and procedural particularities in the legal sense relating to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The current status and prospects for Japan`s economy and steel industry, forecast for demand and supply of coking coal, directions in steel making technology, and Japan`s expectations for Canadian coal are discussed. The PCI system, the Coal Moisture Control System (CMC) to increase coke density before it is fed into coke ovens, a feeder that allows use of lower quality coke on the outskirts of blast furnaces, the Direct Iron Ore Smelting (DIOS) Process, and the `Next Generation Coke Oven`, where coke is heated rapidly and coked at 700-800{degree}C are considered. By 2000, semi-soft coking coals are expected to account for over half of total coal consumption by Japanese steel mills.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... University, Fracture and Reliability Research Institute, Sendai, Miyagi (Japan)

Science.gov (United States)

... of perylene were measured with the Shimadzu UV-2500 UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Kyoto, Japan) to determine their molar extinction coefficients. ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

As the world's largest creditor nation, with some of the world's largest banks and leading industries, Japan is often portrayed as an economic and financial superpower. With long-established 'Western-style' financial institutions to represent it in all the world's major financial capitals and markets, a technologically savvy Japan is often said to be positioning itself to lead Asia, the Asia/Pacific region, or even the entire world, into the marvels of the twenty-first century. Against this continuing rhetorical backdrop, however, fundamental questions arise as to Japan's ability to internationalize in today's increasingly globalized world economy. Domestically, only a very limited presence is permitted to the foreigner in the Japanese economy, especially in the commanding heights of finan...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Japanese Sep 2009 p. 103-106 Japan Idota, Yasuhiro Inoue, Hiroyuki

Science.gov (United States)

The initial phase of this study consisted of a survey of existing FGD systems used on larger combustion processes in the NATO countries and Japan.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... University, Fracture and Reliability Research Institute, Sendai, Miyagi (Japan)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Industry, Material Science Research Laboratory, Yokosuka, Kanagawa (Japan)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The fundamental differences in the type of products sold in both Japan and the US, and some of the reasons for these differences, are outlined. Japan is the largest single country market for residential heat pumps, while the US represents the largest single country market for residential heating equipment. Quite different types and associated features of heat pumps are demanded in the USA and Japan. The term `convenience features`, used to describe the physical characteristics of the user interface device, is explained, as well as the fundamental reasons leading to the particular styles of product sold in each country: (1) product strategy and sales channels, (2) design of housing, (3) climatic factors, and (4) energy costs and distribution. It is stressed that there is no big cooling load in Japan. It is rather the comfort issue that drives the market for heat pumps

CERN Document Server

Individual laser cooled atoms are delivered on demand from a single atom magneto-optic trap to a high-finesse optical cavity using an atom conveyor. Strong coupling of the atom with the cavity field allows simultaneous cooling and detection of individual atoms for time scales exceeding 15 s. The single atom scatter rate is studied as a function of probe-cavity detuning and probe Rabi frequency, and the experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. We demonstrate the ability to manipulate the position of a single atom relative to the cavity mode with excellent control and reproducibility.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The purposes of this report are (1) to perform a Verification and Validation (V and V) test for the VIPEX(Vital-area Identification Package EXpert) software and (2) to improve a software quality through the V and V test. The VIPEX was developed in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) for the Vital Area Identification (VAI) of nuclear power plants. The version of the VIPEX which was distributed is 3.2.0.0. The VIPEX was revised based on the first V and V test and the second V and V test was performed. We have performed the following tasks for the V and V test on Windows XP and VISTA operating systems: ? Testing basic functions including fault tree editing ? Testing all kind of functions ? Research for update from Visual BASIC 6.0 to Visual BASIC 2008

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Modern civilisation is based on substantial utilisation of energy. Rapid industrial development and improvement of living standards in India require energy planners to adequately forecast the energy demand and take appropriate measures in advance. However, the development and establishment of new technology is a slow process, sometimes extending over decades. Hence, energy options based on new technologies need to be planned for much in advance making allowance for uncertainties and delays. Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) technology is an advanced energy option promising abundant and economic supply of power. Research and development work on FBRs has been conducted at the Indira Gandhi Centre of Atomic Research (IGC) since 1971. The international trends in FBR development are highlighted in this discussion and an overview of some of the research activities at IGC is presented. (author). 8 refs., 7 tab s.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A detergent-containing radioactive liquid waste originating from atomic power plants is concentrated to have about 10 wt. % detergent concentration, then dried in a thin film evaporator, and converted into powder. Powdered activated carbon is added to the radioactive waste in advance to prevent the liquid waste from foaming in the evaporator by the action of surface active agents contained in the detergent. The activated carbon is added in accordance with the COD concentration of the radioactive liquid waste to be treated, and usually at a concentration 2-4 times as large as the COD concentration of the liquid waste to be treated. A powdery product having a moisture content of not more than 15 wt. % is obtained from the evaporator, and pelletized and then packed into drums to be stored for a predetermined period.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

BARC has organized an international round robin analysis program to carry out the ultimate load capacity assessment of BARC containment (BARCOM) test model. The test model located in BARC facilities Tarapur, is a 1:4 scale representation of 540 MWe pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) pre-stressed concrete inner containment structure of Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS) unit 3 and 4. The features of the BARCOM test model and the constitutive data for the pre-test analysis along with the comparison of the results submitted by various participants are described in this pre-test report of the round robin analysis of BARCOM test model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer has been constructed at the JAERI 20 MV tandem accelerator facility. A position-sensitive start detector, which consists of a thin carbon foil, microchannel plates and a resistive plate, was developed for the TOF measurements through the spectrometer. The time and position resolutions obtained were 120 ps and 0.3 mm for ..cap alpha.. particles from /sup 241/Am, respectively. A two-dimensional position-sensitive detector was also developed to measure the solid angle of the spectrometer and the maximum solid angle obtained was 9.5 msr. As a particle detector a Bragg curve ionization chamber was developed. From the Bragg curves of heavy ions in the detector, energies, ranges and Bragg curve peaks were measured and used for particle identification. The resolving power Z/..delta..Z of the atomic number was about 50.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In recent years, increased attention has been focused on the use of lasers in different fabrication steps of solar cells, in particular laser doping to form emitter and/or selective emitter. In this method the laser energy is used to melt silicon, allowing the diffusion of dopant atoms to occur in the liquid phase. The main advantage of this method is the localised nature of the laser beam, which melts and diffuses a limited area without heating the bulk, therefore reducing the possible degradation associated with high temperature processes. At the University of New South Wales a novel laser doping method was developed, which combines the formation of the selective emitter with a self-aligned metallisation pattern. Despite achieving high efficiencies, concerns arose regarding the adhesion ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The powder particle size, D, influences the creep behaviour of Al-Cr-Zr alloys. The alloy studied in this work, Al-5Cr-2Zr (mass%), was prepared by argon atomization. Three size fractions of powder particles were selected: 24-50 #mu#m, 50-100#mu#m and 100-200 #mu#m in diameter. They were consolidated by extrusion. Independently of D, the flow behaviour of the alloy can be described by the power law equation. As test temperature increases, the stress exponent n decreases up to a value close to 5. A decrease of D causes an increase of n and delays the alloy degradation at high temperature. (Author) 11 refs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The development of a new configuration of chemical ionization (CI)-based ion source is presented. The ambient air containing the gaseous sample is sniffed into an enclosed ionization chamber which is of sub-ambient pressure, and is subsequently mixed with metastable species in front of the ion inlet of the mass spectrometer. Metastable helium atoms (He*) are used in this study as the primary ionizing agents and are generated from a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) source. The DBD is powered by an AC high-voltage supply and the configuration of the electrodes is in such a way that the generated plasma is confined within the discharge tube and is not extended into the ionization chamber. The construction of the ion source is simple, and volatile compounds released from the bulky sample can...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze the radiotherapy (RT) quality assurance (QA) assessment in Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 0202, which was the first trial...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The economic benefits of pulverized coal-injected (PCI) blast furnaces have meant that the number of such furnaces in Japan has steadily increased since their introduction in 1981. Aspects of PCI discussed in the article include: PCI system configuration; evaluation of coals for PCI (e.g. dryability; pulverisability and combustibility) and the possibility of a technical ceiling for pulverized coal rate. 4 refs., 11 figs., 2 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the framework of a global analysis of the various available sources of energy, Japan has reserved a prominent place to the nuclear energy, and in the long-term view, to the breeder reactor which will be due for commercial deployment in 2010. To achieve these objectives, three stages are envisaged, one of the experimental reactor Joyo (in service), one of the demonstration reactor Monju (its construction has been decided), and one of the pre-commercial reactor (due to be taken in hand at the beginning of the Nineties). Efforts will be made in parallel concerning the fuel cycle.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Intensive work has long been going on to find out the unknown origin that sets off curious tribo-physicochemical phenomena and that causes various kinds of problems in oil-lubricated sliding contacts in mechanical and processing systems. The strange tribochemical reaction is one of the such curious chemical phenomena observed in the degradation of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricating oil film in a hard disk drive. Plasma (triboplasma) (Nakayama and Mirza 2006 Tribol. Trans. 49 17) would be one of the most probable origins of the problems if it were generated sufficiently intensely in oil-lubricated sliding contacts, as it is in such a highly energetic state. The generation of plasma was predicted in both dry and oil-lubricated sliding (Nakayama 1997 Japan. J. Tribol. 42 1077, Nakayama 2004 Surf. Coat. Technol. 188-189 599). However, plasma generation in industrially important oil-lubricated contacts has not yet been proven, though it has been found in dry sliding ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The mathematical apparatus of quantum-mechanical angular momentum (re)coupling, developed originally to describe spectroscopic phenomena in atomic, molecular, optical and nuclear physics, is embedded in modern algebraic settings which emphasize the underlying combinatorial aspects. SU(2) recoupling theory, involving Wigner's 3nj symbols, as well as the related problems of their calculations, general properties, asymptotic limits for large entries, nowadays plays a prominent role also in quantum gravity and quantum computing applications. We refer to the ingredients of this theory-and of its extension to other Lie and quantum groups-by using the collective term of 'spin networks'. Recent progress is recorded about the already established connections with the mathematical theory of discrete orthogonal polynomials (the so-called Askey scheme), providing powerful tools based on asymptotic expansions, which correspond on ...

Science.gov (United States)

The DITE (Divertor Injection Tokamak Experiment) program has been undertaken to demonstrate the feasibility of impurity control by the use of a diverter in an injection-heated toroidal plasma configuration. Rather than behaving in accordance with neoclassical toroidal containment theory, the plasma is subject to various instabilities, particularly the resistive fluid MHD types, follows the empirical scaling of energy confinement time with plasma parameters observed in other plasma devices. DITE experiments have, however, extended the range of current and density. Impurities arising from plasma interactions with the vacuum vessel surface are controlled by the bundle divertor, which diverts a portion of plasma and power in the plasma scrape-off layer into a separate target chamber where impurities can be removed. Auxiliary plasma heating is provided by the injection of powerful beams of neutral hydrogen atoms produced by ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Methodology based on probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) is finding increasing acceptability in demonstrating safety of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) piping. In PFM, the methods of fracture mechanics and reliability theory are combined for assessing the reliability of components, which contain cracks. In this work, reliability assessment of Tarapur Atomic Power Plant (TAPP) 3-4 Primary Heat Transport (PHT) piping is done using PFM. Monte Carlo simulation with stratified sampling is used as a variance reduction technique. PFM model assumes a pre-existing circumferential surface crack before the start of plant operation. The crack grows in size during the lifetime of the plant due to the fatigue loading. This part-through wall crack having escaped hydro-test and pre-service inspection, may result in either a through wall flaw (leak) or may lead to the rupture of the piping. R6 method is used as failure criteria. Steam ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The consistency of different instruments and methods for measuring two-dimensional (2D) power spectral density (PSD) distributions are investigated. The instruments are an interferometric microscope, an atomic force microscope (AFM) and the X-ray Reflectivity and Scattering experimental facility, all available at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The measurements were performed with a gold-coated mirror with a highly polished stainless steel substrate. It was shown that these three techniques provide essentially consistent results. For the stainless steel mirror, an envelope over all measured PSD distributions can be described with an inverse power-law PSD function. It is also shown that the measurements can be corrected for the specific spatial frequency dependent systematic errors of the instruments. The AFM and the X-ray scattering measurements were used to determine the modulation transfer function of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The AVR experimental nuclear reactor was Professor Dr. Rudolf Schulten's brainchild. Visionary ideas led to the success of this technology: - Helium coolant because of the particularly high heat transfer coefficients; - an integrated primary system reactor concept as the basis of all safety considerations in the interest of maximum safety; - uranium-235 and thorium-232 fuel allowing new fuel to be bred; - high temperatures for electricity generation at maximum thermodynamic efficiencies, i.e. optimum fuel utilization; - the possibility to run chemical processes economically at high temperatures by means of nuclear fuels; - the inherent safety of the reactor, for a major accident accompanied by a complete loss of cooling cannot occur for nuclear physics reasons, as was tested twice in the AVR. The AVR attained its first criticality on August 28, 1968. It was operated for more than 20 years, until December 31, 1988, at approximately 67% time utilization, which is an excellent ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text of publication follows: As SiCf/SiC composites are very low activation materials, their use as structural material for the reactor blanket and first wall components appears essential to demonstrate the potential of D-T fusion power reactor. Positive features of SiCf/SiC are their high performances at elevated operating temperature and the ability to produce a specific component. Critical issues of SiCf/SiC are the mechanical properties, radiation stability and, with regard to technological issues, their hermeticity and joining processes. Improvement of joining processes for SiC/SiC components is also needed. Recently, several blanket designs have been studied: the TAURO blanket concept in the European Union, the ARIESAT concept in the US and the DREAM concept in Japan. In those reactors, hermetic SiCf/SiC or self-sealing coatings are mandatory. The basic idea of self sealing concept is to manufacture a coating with specific ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In Chapter 2 the evaluation methods of input ground motions for seismic design are summarized and especially the empirical and/or stochastic Green's function method is introduced in order to calculate the broadband strong motions based on the physically reliable fault model. Then the evaluation procedure is applied to the Ulsan fault system near which Wolsung nuclear power plant is located. In chapter3, the PSHA case studies for Wolsung NPP site are performed, in which multi attenuation equations of earthquake motions are adopted. Moreover, the results of seismic hazard evaluation for eight sites in Korea are shown. In addition, the contents of two literatures on seismic hazard evaluation are introduced. In chapter 4, isolation devices for emergency diesel generator have been studied. The models for friction-pendulum system, high damping rubber bearing and natural rubber bearing are developed and implemented in the TDAP-III. Then, the rubber bearings as ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This project is aimed at development of optimum combustion technology with diversified fuels, e.g., naphtha and LCO, for gas turbines and others as power sources for topographical energy supply. The combustion under the microgravity is also investigated using the underground facilities at Japan Microgravity Center. Described herein are the FY 2000 results. For construction of combustion model and simulation, the combustion reactions for various liquid fuels are simplified to calculate ignition delay, adiabatic flame temperature and laminar burning velocity with an error less than about 3%. The microgravity combustion experiments are conducted for spray dispersed into a cylinder, to find flame propagation velocities changing with the vaporization characteristics of liquid fuels, and also to construct the combustion models. The premixed turbulent combustion simulation program is developed using a probability density function and analyzed. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The spontaneous evolution from ultracold Rydberg atoms to plasma is investigated in a caesium MOT by using the method of field ionization. The plasma transferred from atoms in different Rydberg states (n=22-32) are obtained experimentally. Dependence of the threshold time of evolving to plasma and the threshold number of initial Rydberg atoms on the principal quantum number of initial Rydberg states is studied. The experimental results are in agreement with hot-cold Rydberg-Rydberg atom collision ionization theory. (authors)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

One of vector-borne avian protozoa, Leucocytozoon lovati, has been found in the Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus mutus japonicus), the endangered bird species distributed in the alpine regions in Japan. Vector arthropod species of L. lovati has also been estimated as Simuliidae black flies distributed in the same habitat of the host bird, however, possible blood meals of the black flies were not identified yet. To reveal host animals of black flies, we estimated the blood resources by using molecular techniques. Black flies were collected at Mt. Chogatake, one of the alpine regions of Japan in which Japanese rock ptarmigans live in June 2005. The analyzed 144 specimens were morphologically identified into five species including Simulium japonicum (n?=?87), Prosimulium hirtipes (n?=?48), P...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Japan's basic nuclear policy is to reprocess spent fuel and to effectively use the recovered plutonium and uranium. MOX fuel utilization in LWRs is promoted in 16-18 reactors by FY2015. Commercial operation of Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant is planned to start in 2012. Prototype reactor 'Monju' restarted operation in May 2010. From FY 2007, Fast Reactor Cycle Technology Development Project (FaCT project) started which focuses more toward the commercialization stage FBR cycle. Basic scenario of Japan's R and D aims for realization of demonstration FBR by around 2025 and introducing commercial FBRs before 2050. Smooth transition from LWR fuel cycle to FBR one is an important point. For nuclear fuel cycle which requires long term R and D, human resources development and keeping is vitally important. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

Among KEPCO's 9 nuclear power units, Korea Nuclear Unit No. 3, the Wolsung Nuclear Power Plant is the only CANDU-PHWR Unit, while the rest of 8 others are PWR units. The unit was designed by Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd. of Canada, who also performed overall project management for the plant construction under the provisions and arrangement of the relevant contracts. The gross electrical output of the plant is 678.7 MWe and thermal output of the reactor is 2061 MWth. While these figures lead to lower plant efficiency than LWR counterparts, unit energy cost for fuel is more favorable than LWRs because natural uranium is utilized for the fuel bundles, some of which are already being fabricated domestically. Annual capacity factors for 1983 and 1984 could have been improved, if two major planned outages for the modification works on steam generator internals and one major forced outage from the heavy water spill ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Objective is to study the effects of local structure, interatomic forces, and atom size on the mobility of metal atoms in amorphous silica and at the silica surface. EXAFS studies of Zn and Pt in silica are reported. (DLC)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

During the last ten years, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the U.S. nuclear utilities have been developing methods and requirements for risk-informed applications making use of probabilistic risk assessments (PRA) of nuclear power plants. Early in this process, it became clear that the existing PRAs were done with different objectives and methodologies by different analysts. For uniformity and consistency in future risk-informed applications, industry consensus standards on probabilistic risk assessments were deemed to be essential. Currently, the following standards have been published or under preparation: - ASME RA-S-2002: 'Standard for Probabilistic Risk Assessment for Nuclear Power Plant Applications', Addendum C, March 2005. - ANSI/ANS-58.21-2003 'External-Events PRA Methodology' March 2003. - ANS-58.22 'Low Power and Shutdown PRA Standard'. - ANS-58.23 'Fire PRA Methodology Standard'. - ANS Level 2 and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strong-interaction effects have been observed in the x-ray spectra of atoms formed with [Sigma][sup [minus

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A summary of the basic principles of K-matrix theory and examples of its applications to atomic spectra are discussed. (AIP)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Japan has upwards of 40 pumped storage plants in operation and new river sites are becoming scarce, but peak demand is still rising. A plant under construction in Okinawa offers a solution: make use of the head between the coastal cliffs and sea level, using seawater as the medium. (author)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We report on genetic identification of ‘whale meat’ purchased in sushi restaurants in Los Angeles, CA (USA) in October 2009 and in Seoul, South Korea in June and September 2009. Phylogenetic...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Japanese (Jul 1976). Japan Kametani, Katsuaki Tomura, Kayoko . National

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In China, Korea, and Japan, a decoction of the dried root without bark of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus,...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

High-power pseudospark and BLT switches

Science.gov (United States)

For understanding on basic radiation mechanism of the high-gain FEL based on SASE, the author presents electron-crystal interpretation of FEL radiation. In the electron-crystal, electrons are localized at regularly spaced multi-layers, which represents micro-bunching, whose spacing is equal to the radiation wavelength, and the multi-layers are perpendicular to beam axis, thus, diffracted wave creates Bragg's spots in forward and backward directions. Due to the Doppler's effect, frequency of the back-scattered wave is up-converted, generates forwardly focused X-ray. The Bragg's effect contributes focusing the X-ray beam into a spot, thus peak power becomes extremely higher by factor of typically 107. This is the FEL radiation. As well known, the total numbers of scattered photons in Bragg's spots is equal to the total elastic scattering photons from the atoms contained in the crystal. Therefore, total ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, using the ANS Low Power /Shutdown (LPSD)PRA Standard, evaluated the LPSD PSA model of the KSNP, Younggwang (YGN) Units 5 and 6, and identified the items to be improved. The evaluation results of human reliability analysis (HRA) of the pre-accident human errors in the LPSD PSA model of the KSNP showed that 13 items among 15 items of supporting requirements for those in the ANS PRA Standard were identified as them to be improved. Thus, we newly carried out a HRA for pre-accident human errors in the LPSD PSA model for the KSNP to improve its quality. We considered potential pre-accident human errors for all manual valves and control/instrumentation equipment of the systems modeled in the KSNP LPSD PSA model except reactor protection system/ engineering safety features actuation system. We reviewed 160 manual valves and 56 control/instrumentation equipment. The number of newly identified pre-accident human ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption of sulfur-containing amino acids and their derivatives on the surface of graphitized thermal carbon black were calculated by the molecular statistical method. The parameters of the atom-atom potential function of intermolecular interaction between the S atom in amino acids and the graphite C atom were determined. It was shown that an intramolecular H-bond influenced the adsorption of amino acids on the surface of graphitized thermal carbon black.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We propose a scheme for the generation of the cluster states for many atoms in cavity QED. In our scheme, the atoms are sent through nonresonant cavity fields in the vacuum states. The cavity fields are only virtually excited and no quantum information will be transferred from the atoms to the cavity fields. The advantage is that the cavities are suppressed during the procedure. The scheme can also be generalized to the ion trap system.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Henry constants for the adsorption of o- and p-phenylenediamines on the surface of graphitized thermal carbon black within the temperature range 433?479 K were calculated by the molecular statistical method. The parameters of the atom-atom potential function of intermolecular interaction between the nitrogen atom in aniline and isomeric phenylenediamines and the carbon atom of the basal face of graphite were determined. It was shown that an intramolecular H bond influenced the geometry and adsorption properties of o-phenylenediamine.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This two-volume reference uses many equations to provide detailed information on atomic and nuclear decay phenomena.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A compact cesium deposition system was used for direct deposition of cesium atoms and ions onto the inner surface of the 1/3 scale Hydrogen Negative Ion Source for the LHD-NBI system. A small, well defined amount of cesium deposition in the range of 3-200 mg was tested. Negative ion extraction and acceleration were carried out both in the pure hydrogen operation mode and in the cesium mode. Single Cs deposition of 3-30 mg to the plasma chamber have produced temporary 2-5 times increases of H-yield, but the yield was decreased within several discharge pulses to the previous steady-state value. Two consecutive 30 mg depositions done within a 3-5 hours/60 shot interval, produced a similar temporary increase of H-beam, but reached a larger H-yield steady-state value. Deposition of larger 0.1-0.2 g Cs portions with a 20-120 hours/150-270 shot interval improved the H-yield for a long (2-5 days) period of operation. Directed depositions of Cs to the various walls of the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The atomic mechanism of a glass-to-liquid transition in a monatomic Lennard-Jones (LJ) glass was studied using the molecular dynamics (MD) method. Glassy models were heated up from low temperature at two different heating rates and a glass-to-liquid transition found to occur at the higher heating rate. The temperature dependence of the potential energy, mean-squared-displacements (MSD) of the atoms and the self-intermediate scattering function indicate clearly that a glass transition occurs in the system. The atomic mechanism of the glass-to-liquid transition was investigated by analyzing the spatio-temporal arrangement of liquid-like atoms in the system upon heating. Liquid-like atoms were detected using the Lindemann-melting-like criterion. Upon heating, liquid-like atoms occur at temper...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

SMART (System integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor) , is under development at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). SMART is an integral type pressurized water reactor which contains a pressurizer, 4 reactor coolant pumps (RCPs), and 8 steam generator cassettes(S/Gs) in a single reactor vessel. This reactor has substantially enhanced its safety with an integral layout of its major components, 4 trains of safety injection system (SIS), and an adoption of 4 trains of passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) instead of an active auxiliary feedwater system . The thermal power is 330 MWth. During the conceptual design stage, a preliminary PSA was performed. PSA results identified that a steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) is one of the most important initiating events which results in a high core damage frequency. Clear understanding of accident progression with various combinations of the safety systems helps to develop an event ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling is a powerful tool to produce ordered magnetic nanostructures. However, it is impossible to produce out-of-plane magnetized nanoscale structures from multilayer films by direct FIB writing. Co/Pt multilayers exhibit an out-of-plane easy axis due to strong perpendicular interface anisotropy. The interface contribution is known to be very sensitive to high energy ion irradiation. In case of 30 keV Ga ions it needs less than one ion per 100 surface atoms to destroy the perpendicular interface anisotropy. We demonstrate how this problem can be overcome by milling a Co/Pt multilayer, which has been deposited on a SiN membrane, from the rear side, through the SiN. The effect of the ions is determined as a function of applied dose utilizing the domain structure imaged by soft X-ray holography. When the magnetic material is removed we find only a very narrow range of destruction around the holes in contrast to the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neutron radiography is a non-destructive test method to examine a material by using the dependency of neutron attenuation on the nuclear characteristics of the atoms composing the object material. There are two categories of neutron radiography; static neutron radiography and dynamic neutron radiography. The static neutron radiography is a technique to observe a standing object by using a camera or a film cassette. The dynamic neutron radiography(DNR) is a technique to observe a moving object usually by using a camera. Depending on the camera frame rate, the dynamic neutron radiography is categorized into the real time neutron radiography(RTNR) and the high speed neutron radiography(HSNR). The frame rate for RTNR is 30 frames/s and that for HSNR is usually more that 500 frames/sec. Thus, RTNR is good for observing time-averaged phenomena and HSNR is good for observing instantaneous phenomena. DNR is a powerful tool for fluid visualization as ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radiation defects produced by helium implantation were used to shape profiles of palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) atoms in-diffusing (for 20 min at temperatures 600-800 deg. C) either from surface silicide (Pd_2Si, PtSi) or implanted layers. Results show that this procedure allows a strong localization of substitutional Pd and Pt at the depth where the damage produced by helium peaks. This results in local reduction of carrier lifetime by an almost ideal recombination centers - the acceptor level of substitutional Pd (E _c - 0.22 eV) or Pt (E _c - 0.23 eV). While optimum conditions for Pt in-diffusion are about 700 deg. C, Pd gives the best results already at lower temperatures (600 deg. C) where it also exhibits higher peak solubility. Both methods were used for optimization of turn-off properties of high power PiN diodes. The devices, where the lifetime was killed locally by Pd and Pt, exhibited similar trade-off between the static and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The SMART (System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor) which is a 330 MWt advanced integral PWR was developed by the KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Institute) for electricity generation and seawater desalination. A thermal hydraulic evaluation and analysis of the SMART is performed by the TASS /SMR-S (Transient And Setpoint Simulation/System integrated Modular Reactor-Safety). The TASS/SMR-S code has various models reflecting the design features of the SMART such as the drift flux model, the core models (core power and core heat transfer model), the component models, and the specific models. One of the core models is the core heat transfer model. The role of this model is to calculate the heat flux and radial temperature profiles at a fuel rod surface using the relevant heat transfer correlations for all of the heat transfer modes. Also it is modeled to meet the requirements of the 10 CFR 50 appendix K EM model for the CHF (Critical Heat Flux) and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Two plasma chemistries, i.e., CH_4/H_2/Ar and Cl_2/Ar, were compared for the etching of InGaP, AlInP, and AlGaP under inductively coupled plasma (ICP) conditions. While the etching with CH_4/H_2/Ar discharges appears to be ion driven, Cl_2/Ar discharges showed an additional strong chemical enhancement. The highest etch rate (#approx#1 #mu#m/min) for InGaP was achieved at high ICP source power (#>=#750 W) with the Cl_2/Ar chemistry. Cl_2/Ar discharges provided very smooth surfaces in all three materials with root-mean-square roughness measured by atomic force microscopy around 2 nm. This result may be due to the efficient ion-assisted product desorption in this chemistry. The etched near-surface region of InGaP (#approx#100 Angstrom) with Cl_2/Ar maintained almost the same stoichiometry as that of the unetched control. By contrast, the CH_4/H_2/Ar plasma chemistry produced somewhat rougher surfaces and depletion of phosphorous (P) from the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A small break LOCA event simulation with no high pressure injection system available, known as International Atomic Energy Agency Standard Problem Exercise no. 4 (IAEA-SPE-4), was performed on the PMK-2 integral test facility in Budapest in 1993. This paper analyses the response of the PMK-2 facility, a model of VVER-440 nuclear power plant, using the latest released version MOD3.2.1.2 of the RELAP5 thermal-hydraulic code. After several years of the SPE-4 experiment analyses, many problems have emerged and been studied. Main goal of the present analyses was to study the main influencing parameters for adequate modelling of the hexagonal core channel with 19-rod bundle and phenomena during the core uncovery. Some influencing parameters have been identified, mostly on the primary side, but some also on the secondary side. This is exact simulation of main coolant pump coast down, hydro-accumulators water temperature and connections to the primary ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

For many centuries paper was the main material for recording cultural achievements all over the world. Paper is mostly made from cellulose with small amounts of organic and inorganic additives, which allow its identification and characterization and may also contribute to its degradation. Prior to 1850, paper was made entirely from rags, using hemp, flax and cotton fibres. After this period, due to the enormous increase in demand, wood pulp began to be commonly used as raw material, resulting in rapid degradation of paper. Spectroscopic techniques represent one of the most powerful tools to investigate the constituents of paper documents in order to establish its identification and its state of degradation. This review describes the application of selected spectroscopic techniques used for paper characterization and conservation. The spectroscopic techniques that have been used and will be reviewed include: Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Raman ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The challenge for truck engine product engineering is not only to fulfill increasingly stringent emission requirements, but also to improve the engine's economical viability in its role as the backbone of our global economy. While societal impact and therefore emission limit values are to be reduced in big steps, continuous improvement is not enough but technological quantum leaps are necessary. The introduction and refinement of electronic control of all major engine systems has already been a quantum leap forward. Maximizing the benefits of these technologies to customers and society requires full use of parameter optimization and other enabling technologies. The next big step forward will be widespread use of exhaust aftertreatment on all transportation related diesel engines. While exhaust gas aftertreatment has been successfully established on gasoline (Otto cycle) engines, the introduction of exhaust aftertreatment especially for heavy-duty diesel engines will be much mo ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Resonant scattering of atoms with formation of the Feshbach resonance in the presence of a laser radiation coupling the levels of two bound atoms (a molecule) is considered. The laser field leads to a second resonance in scattering and broadening of resonances, which facilitates the possibility of experimental observation of asymmetry of the total scattering cross-section arising because of interference between resonant and potential scatterings. The effects associated with interference of the two channels of decay of a bound system of two atoms (a molecule) in the laser field are studied. An expression is obtained for the scattering length in collision of two cold atoms in the field of laser radiation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Full text of publication follows: The Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are always designed for the highest level of safety against postulated accidents which may be initiated due to internal or external causes. One of the external/internal causes, which may lead to accident in the reactor and its associated systems, is fire in certain vital areas of the plant. Conventionally, the fire containment approach and/or the fire confinement approach is used in designing the fire protection systems of NPPs. Indian NPPs (PHWRs) follow the combined approach to ensure plant safety and all newly designed plants are required to comply with the provisions of Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) fire safety Guide. In respect of older plants, the reassessment of adequacy of fire safety provisions in the light of current advances has becomes essential so as to decide upon the steps for retrofitting. Keeping this in mind the deterministic fire hazard analysis was ...

CERN Document Server

We study spontaneously generated entanglement (SGE) between two identical multilevel atoms in free space via vacuum-induced radiative coupling. We show that the SGE in two-atom systems may initially increase with time but eventually vanishes in the time scale determined by the excited state lifetime and radiative coupling strength between the two atoms. We demonstrate that a steady-state SGE can be established by incoherently pumping the excited states of the two-atom system. We have shown that an appropriate rate of incoherent pump can help producing optimal SGE. The multilevel systems offer us more chanel to establish entanglement. The system under consideration could be realized in a tight trap or atoms/ions doped in a solid substrate.

CERN Document Server

This contribution reviews a selection of findings on atomic density functions and discusses ways for reading chemical information from them. First an expression for the density function for atoms in the multi-configuration Hartree--Fock scheme is established. The spherical harmonic content of the density function and ways to restore the spherical symmetry in a general open-shell case are treated. The evaluation of the density function is illustrated in a few examples. In the second part of the paper, atomic density functions are analyzed using quantum similarity measures. The comparison of atomic density functions is shown to be useful to obtain physical and chemical information. Finally, concepts from information theory are introduced and adopted for the comparison of density functions. In particular, based on the Kullback--Leibler form, a functional is constructed that reveals the periodicity in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have used polished stainless steel as a mirror substrate to provide focusing of soft x-rays in grazing incidence reflection. The substrate is bent to an elliptical shape with large curvature and high stresses in the substrate require a strong elastic material. Conventional material choices of silicon or of glass will not withstand the stress required. The use of steel allows the substrates to be polished and installed flat, using screws in tapped holes. The ultra-high-vacuum bender mechanism is motorized and computer controlled. These mirrors are used to deliver focused beams of soft x-rays onto the surface of a sample for experiments at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). They provide an illumination field that can be as small as the mirror demagnification allows, for localized study, and can be enlarged, under computer control,for survey measurements over areas of the surface up to several millimeters. The critical issue of the quality of the steel surface, polished and coated with ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amorphous metals have an atomic structure resembling that of glass, and have high strength, toughness, and excellent magnetic properties for transformer applications. This type of metal has the potential to reduce the core losses of electromagnetic apparatus by 70-75% compared to the best grain-oriented silicon iron currently used. If all 4 million distribution transformers now in service in Canada were replaced by the more efficient amorphous units, it is estimated that over 5.25 billion kWh of energy could be saved annually. The experience of the General Electric (GE) Company and other researchers with operation of amorphous transformers is described. GE first tried operating amorphous metal transformers on a utility distribution system in April 1982. The shell-type cruciform design showed stable, low-loss performance over eight years of service. GE and the Electric Power Research Institute cooperated on manufacturing and installing 25 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Steam Generator (SG) serves as an interface between primary and secondary cycle in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). Failure of steam generator tubes result in leaking of active heavy water in the secondary closed loop. In Tarapur Atomic Power Station-3 and 4 (TAPS- 3 and 4), Scintillator detectors are provided to detect on line heavy water leakages in SG and moderator heat exchangers by monitoring Nitrogen-16 ("1"6N) and Oxygen-19 ("1"90) activities. Efficacy of detection of these activities at designed detector position on SG blow down line in presence of background radiation field is analysed theoretically. The count rate of "1"9O and "1"6N estimated at the detector position inside Reactor Building (RB) shows that detectors only respond to very high leak rates due to presence of high background even though sensitivity is appreciably good. For detector position out side the RB containment, the travel time for the feed water becomes ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Application of electromagnetic forces to materials processing, so-called {open_quotes}electromagnetic processing of materials (EPM){close_quotes} has been recognized as cutting edge technology, especially in the fields of steelmaking and advanced materials processing in Japan. The history of EPM in Japan is mentioned and the background to promote EPM is described. The current status of research and development of EPM is shown briefly introducing several examples. Regarding the application of high-frequency magnetic field, two topics are dealt with. The first is the improvement of the surface quality of cast steel where an alternating magnetic field is imposed on the molten steel from the outside of the mold, and the second is the induction cold crucible where a considerably large amount of molten intermetallic compound is levitated. Examples of the application of DC magnetic field are the control of molten steel flow in a mold and the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present and characterize an experimental system in which we achieve the integration of an ultrahigh finesse optical cavity with a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). The conceptually novel design of the apparatus for the production of BECs features nested vacuum chambers and an in vacuo magnetic transport configuration. It grants large scale spatial access to the BEC for samples and probes via a modular and exchangeable ''science platform.'' We are able to produce 87Rb condensates of 5x106 atoms and to output couple continuous atom lasers. The cavity is mounted on the science platform on top of a vibration isolation system. The optical cavity works in the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics and serves as a quantum optical detector for single atoms. This system enables us to study atom optics on a single particle level and to further develop the field of quantum ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

As is well documented, subprime mortgage markets carried significant default risk. This paper investigates the relationship between default risk premium, stock market conditions and macroeconomic variables during the financial crisis. Using iTraxx Japan Credit Default Swap (CDS) index spreads covering the period from March 2006 to November 2009, we employ a time-varying dynamic factor model with Markov regime switching to generate regime probabilities for default risk. We analyze the sensitivity of default risk premium changes to stock market conditions and macroeconomic variables by using two-state Markov switching models: a crisis regime sparked by rising loan defaults in the sub-prime mortgage market, and a non-crisis regime. We found strong evidence that the relationship between defaul...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

After the publication of the 2nd progress report of geological disposal of TRU waste in Japan, policy and general scheme of future study for the waste disposal in Japan was published by ANRE and JAEA. This annual report summarized aim and progress of individual problem, which was assigned into JAEA in the published policy and general scheme. The problems are as follows; characteristics of TRU waste and its geologic disposal, treatment and waste production, quality control and inspection methodology for waste, mechanical analysis of near-field, data acquisition and preparation on radionuclides migration, cementitious material transition, bentonite and rock alteration in alkaline solution, nitrate effect, performance assessment of the disposal system and decomposition of nitrate as an alternative technology. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Odor purification process using bio-function, which is technologically called bio-deodorizing process, utilizes the function of microorganism to convert mal-odor substances to non-odor substances. It attracts attention because the operation cost of a facility is low due to non-use of chemicals and energy, and because it is environmentally friendly without the possibility of generating secondary pollution. It is being used in deodorizing at sewage treatment facilities, fertilizer plants, coating plants, and foundries in Japan, and is more widely used in Europe. The conventional deodorizing technology in Japan mostly focuses on processes of physical chemistry such as activated carbon treatment, chemical scrubbing, combustion, and masking, but bio-deodorizing process tends to replace the conventional processes. This paper explains (1) relation of mal-odor and microorganism, (2) bio-deodorizing system (solid phase system and liquid phase system), ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As a contribution to the US/Japan cooperative program in fusion neutronics, we have prepared a library of multigroup neutron cross sections, scattering matrices, and covariances (uncertainties and their correlations). This 74-group library, called COVFILS-2, is being used at Los Alamos and at the University of California at Los Angeles in the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the Li_2O integral experiment recently performed at the Fast Neutron Source (FNS) in Japan. Another intended use of this library is in the estimation of the uncertainty in key performance parameters (such as breeding ratio) of conceptual fusion reactors. The 14 materials included in the first version of COVFILS-2 are H, "6Li, "7Li, Be, C, N, O, Na, Al, Si, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Pb.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An atom-by-atom understanding of life processes is emerging from a flurry of experiments fueled by synchrotron sources and DNA technology. {copyright} 1995 {ital American} {ital Institute} {ital of} {ital Physics}.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

At least quinary alloys form metallic glass upon cooling below the glass transition temperature at a rate less than 10.sup.3 K/s. Such alloys comprise zirconium and/or hafnium in the range of 45 to 65 atomic percent, titanium and/or niobium in the range of 4 to 7.5 atomic percent, and aluminum and/or zinc in the range of 5 to 15 atomic percent. The balance of the alloy compositions comprise copper, iron, and cobalt and/or nickel. The composition is constrained such that the atomic percentage of iron is less than 10 percent. Further, the ratio of copper to nickel and/or cobalt is in the range of from 1:2 to 2:1. The alloy composition formula is: (Zr,Hf).sub.a (Al,Zn).sub.b (Ti,Nb).sub.c (Cu.sub.x Fe.sub.y (Ni,Co).sub.z).sub.d wherein the constraints upon the formula are: a ranges from 45 to 65 atomic percent, b ranges from 5 to 15 atomic percent, c ranges from 4 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report includes the issuances received during the specified period from the Commission (CLI), the Atomic Safety and Licensing Appeal Boards (ALAB), the Atomic Safety and Licensing Boards (LBP), the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ), the Directors' Decisions (DD), and the Denials of Petitions for Rulemaking (DPRM).