Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this note it is suggested that binuclear platinum(II) complexes with a solely inorganic bridging pyrophosphito ligand also possess many of the complementary advantages of inorganic and organic dyes. They are evaluated for their potential use as a luminescent solar concentrator material. The disadvantages include: the high cost of platinum; the absorption spectra in solution shows a weaker absorption at 452 nm which may cause reabsorption of emitted light; the positions of the absorption and emission maxima are not at the optimal wavelengths for absorption of sunlight and emission to a solar cell. In spite of these drawbacks the author believes the platinum complexes merit consideration for fabrication of solar concentrator devices.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There has been considerable interest in producing and studying nanoparticle materials because of the effect of size on their structure, physical and chemical structure. Most studied nanoparticle semiconductors belong to the II-VI group, as they are relatively easy to synthesize and are generally prepared as particulates or in thin film form. Among II-VI compounds, CdS is one of the most studied materials. There are different ways to synthesize CdS nanoparticles such as colloidal particles, chemical decomposition, sol-gel, gas evaporation, magnetron sputtering, electrostatic deposition, and etc. {gamma}-irradiation is one of the effective methods for synthesis of nanomaterials. These nonomaterials have been extensively used in the preparation of nanocrystalline metals, metal oxides, and metal-polymer composites. However, The preparation of CdS nanoparticle and CdS/ polyacrylonitrile ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper discusses how the U.S. Liquid Metal Reactor Development Program has been restructured to carry out R and D on advanced reactor technology. The program gives particular emphasis to improvements to reactor safety. The new directions are based on the technology of the integral fast reactor (IFR). Much of the basis for superior safety performance using IFR technology has been experimentally verified and aggressive programs continue in EBR-II and TREAT. Progress has been made in demonstrating both the metallic fuel and the new electrochemical processes of the IFR. The FFTF facility is converting to metallic fuel; however, FFTF also maintains a considerable U.S. program in oxide fuels. In addition, generic programs are continuing in steam generator testing, materials development, and with international cooperation, aqueous reprocessing.

Science.gov (United States)

In order to decrease tritium exposure to workers, the ratio of which is up to 40% of total exposure, tritium removal facility is getting to be one of the considerable parameters in Korea, due to the next CANDUs to be operated at Wolsung NPP. For investiga...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Time-temperature-precipitation diagrams have been established for two steels with 6% Mo, 21% Cr, 25% Ni, 0.14 and 0.19% N (Cronifer 1925 h Mo = 1.4529, UNS N 08925) and for one steel with 6% Mo, 20% Cr, 18% Ni and 0.21% N (UNS S 31 254). The corresponding time-temperature-sensitization diagrams (in accordance to SEP 1877/II) and time-temperature-pitting diagrams (testing in 6% FeCl{sub 3} solution) have been evaluated as well. Precipitation of intermetallics occurs rapidly especially in the range between 700 and 1000{sup 0}C. In case of the 18% Ni steel and the 25% Ni/0.14% N steel grain boundaries are covered to a large extent with precipitates after only 15 min at 850 or 950{sup 0}C. In case of the 25% Ni/0.19% N steel precipitation is considerably slower. Therefore, when welding according to established rules and recommendations, no deterioration of the corrosion resistance in the heat-affected zone is to be expected. Additionally, the steel ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Porous phosphate heterostructures (PPH), functionalized with different ratios of aminopropyl and mercaptopropyl groups, labelled as Nx=5,25,50-PPH and Sx=5,25,50-PPH, respectively, were tested as adsorbents for Ni(II) and Hg(II) found in industrial sewage from electroplating processes and button battery recycling. X-ray diffraction was used to study the structures. The specific surface area of the pristine material (PPH) was 620m^2g^-^1, whereas the specific surface areas of the modified mercaptopropyl (S5-PPH) and aminopropyl (N5-PPH) were 472 and 223m^2g^-^1, respectively. The adsorption data were fitted to a Langmuir isotherm model. The S5-PPH material was saturated by 120mmol Hg(II) per 100g of material, whereas for Ni(II) adsorption, N25-PPH material displayed the highest adsorption w...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Volume II of the documentation for the Phase I Data Analysis Task performed in support of the current Regional Flow Model, Transport Model, and Risk Assessment for the Nevada Test Site Underground Test Area Subproject contains the potentiometric data. Because of the size and complexity of the model area, a considerable quantity of data was collected and analyzed in support of the modeling efforts. The data analysis task was consequently broken into eight subtasks, and descriptions of each subtask's activities are contained in one of the eight volumes that comprise the Phase I Data Analysis Documentation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

High-temperature LiCl-KCl molten salt medium provides an efficient way to produce the paramagnetic Eu(II) ion to be magnetically diluted into a diamagnetic host medium. Eu(II) was formed by a dissolution and an auto-reduction processes in a high-temperature LiCl-KCl eutectic melt at 723 K by using Eu_2O_3 as a starting material. By using EPR and luminescence spectroscopic method, we studied the nature of the magnetically isolated paramagnetic Eu(II) ion diluted in a LiCl-KCl medium. With the aid of these spectroscopic tools, it was found that stable Eu(II) species was formed spontaneously at 723 K under anaerobic conditions. EPR and luminescence spectroscopy provided detailed information regarding the nature of the europium ion in a molten salt.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Even though the currently intensive research efforts on high- temperature superconducting materials have not yet converged on a well specified practical material, the indications are that such a material may be quite brittle, anisotropic, and may contain many flaws such as microcracks and voids at grain boundaries. Consequently, practical applications of high temperature superconducting materials will require a very careful strength analysis based on fracture mechanics considerations. Because of the high sensitivity of the strength of such materials to the presence of defects, methods of quantitative non-destructive evaluation may be expected to play an important role in strength determinations. This proposal is concerned with the use of ultrasonic methods to detect and characterize isolated cracks, clusters of microcracks and microcracks distributed throughout ...

Science.gov (United States)

Theoretically, the outcome of World War II in Europe hung in the balance as the Allies poured onto the Normandy beachhead. Following the June 6, 1944 invasion, the Allies continue to come ashore, massively building up men and material inside the beachhead...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book contains over 20 selections. Some of the titles are: Continuum damage mechanics studies on the dynamic fracture of concrete; Dynamic compressive strength of cementitious materials; Rate-sensitivity of mode I and mode II fracture concrete; and An impact damage model of concrete.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Runit Island on Enewetak Atoll was very heavily impacted by the U.S. nuclear testing campaign in the northern Marshall Islands (1946-58). The primary source of contamination on Runit Island was the 1958 Quince safety test where a large quantity of device plutonium (Pu) was scattered over the area near the GZ. A second low-yield device was detonated on the same site 10 days later, further disturbing the soil and leaving behind a very heterogeneous pattern of contamination including milligram-size particles of plutonium. A limited cleanup of the Fig-Quince zone was carried out in 1979. During this period, the effectiveness of the cleanup operations was primarily evaluated on the basis of bulk soil concentration data with little consideration given to the heterogeneity and long-term material-, biological-, and environmental-specific impacts of residual high activity (hot) particle contamination. The aim of the present study was twofold; (i) to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The different radiation loads caused by natural and artificial radionuclides are compared in this paper. This examples will serve to illustrate that the problem of population exposure to radiation can only be solved in consideration of all components and to show which effects of the radiation from natural sources are of special importance in this connexion. (orig./AK).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) polypyridyl complexes have been intensively investigated due to their use in energy conversion and light-emitting devices and materials for non-linear optics. Quantum mechanical computer simulations of molecules and materials have become increasingly popular in the scientific community. Along with experimental investigations, such computational analyses can provide complementary information on the electronic and optical properties of transition metal compounds of interest for optoelectronic applications. Here, we provide a unified review of recent work carried out on computational investigations of a large series of Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) polypyridyl complexes, discussing the relations between their electronic structure and optical properties and thei...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The 1.04 GeV-proton elastic scattering from "4"0Ca is studied in the framework of the coherent density fluctuation model (CDFM). The calculations are carried out in the Glauber theoretical scheme with three different charge densities. It is shown that: i) the account of the flucton correlations leads to results considerably different from those obtained in the independent particle Glauber approach (IPGA); ii) in contrast to the case of IPGA the use of a more realistic density improves the agreement of CDPM-results with the experimental data. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study, the state-of-the art for estimating LERF is considered for the regulatory risk-informed decisions. The consideration is mainly focused on (1) the relationship between Level 2 PSA and LERF evaluation methodology, (2) the standard requirements in terms of modeling preparation and the acceptance criteria based on the application capability II of ASME PRA standard, and (3) some pending issues for developing and proposing a simplified LERF model. This study is preliminarily presented and will be updated for establishing detailed evaluation scheme of extended MPAS (multi-purpose probabilistic analysis of safety) model and preparing the technical basis.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cementitious materials have physical and chemical properties that are well suited for the requirements of radioactive waste management. Namely, the materials have low permeability and durability that is consistent with the time frame required for short-lived radionuclides to decay. Furthermore, cementitious materials can provide a long-term chemical environment that substantially reduces the mobility of some long-lived radionuclides of concern for decommissioning (e.g., C-14, Ni-63, Ni-59). Because of these properties, cementitious materials are common in low-level radioactive waste disposal facilities throughout the world and are an attractive option for entombment of nuclear facilities. This paper describes design considerations for cementitious barriers in the context of performance over time frames of a few hundreds of years (directed toward short-lived radionuclides) and time ...

Science.gov (United States)

Equinovarus of the foot is the most common lower extremity deformity following traumatic brain injury. We evaluated outcomes of the split anterior tibialis tendon transfer (SPLATT) for correction of equinovarus in 47 patients with hemiplegic traumatic brain injury and specifically studied differences in outcomes with two tendon fixation techniques. Seventeen patients constituting Group I underwent fixation with one technique and 30 constituting Group II had another technique. Patients in both groups had appropriate procedures based on dynamic electromyography and gait analyses. Both groups were demographically comparable. All 47 feet were corrected to plantigrade position. Thirty-six of 47 patients became brace-free at final followup. There was a notable decrease in the use of ambulatory aids and ambulatory status improved in both groups. There were three fixation-related complications in Group I and none in Group II. Surgical correction of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One of the key features of ANL's Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) concept is a close-coupled fuel cycle. The proposed fuel cycle is similar to that demonstrated over the first five to six years of operation of EBR-II, when a fuel cycle facility adjacent to EBR-II was operated to reprocess and refabricate rapidly fuel discharged from the EBR-II. Locating the IFR and its fuel cycle facility on the same site makes the IFR a self-contained system. Because the reactor fuel and the uranium blanket are metals, pyrometallurgical processes (shortned to ''pyroprocesses'') have been chosen. The objectives of the IFR processes for the reactor fuel and blanket materials are to (1) recover fissionable materials in high yield; (2) remove fission products adequately from the reactor fuel, e.g., a decontamination factor of 10 to 100; and (3) upgrade the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A total of 86 experimental fuel pins with various fuel, liner, and cladding candidate materials have been irradiated in the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) and the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) reactor as part of the SP-100 fuel pin irradiation testing program. Postirradiation examination results from these fuel pin are key in establishing performance correlations and demonstrating the lifetime and safety of the reactor fuel system. This paper provides a brief description of the in-reactor fuel pin tests and presents the most recent irradiation data on the performance of wrought rhenium (Re) liner material and high density UN fuel at goal burnup of 6 atom percent (at. %). It also provides an overview of the significant variety of other fuel/liner/cladding combinations which were irradiated as part of this program and which may be of interest to more advanced efforts.

Science.gov (United States)

About every 12 years, asphalt roads must be reworked, and this is usually done by placing thick layers (hot-mix overlays) of new material on top of failed material, resulting in considerable waste of material and use of new asphalt binder. A good recycling agent is needed, not only to reduce the viscosity of the aged material but also to restore compatibility. Objective is to establish the technical feasibility (Phase I) of determining the specifications and operating parameters for producing high quality recycling agents which will allow most/all the old asphalt-based road material to be recycled. It is expected that supercritical fractionation can be used. The advanced road aging simulation procedure will be used to study aging of blends of old asphalt and recycling agents.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In view of the importance of the material Alloy 800 in high-temperature reactor plants (HTR), a material data bank was established which is used for statistical evaluation of mechanical and physical material behaviour. Based on investigations on the interconnection between the mechanical properties at high temperatures and the metallurgical parameters, different types of Alloy 800 were specified in compliance with the component requirements. In addition, aspects of corrosion and toughness behaviour were taken into consideration. The specifications and strength characteristics for the different variants of Alloy 800 were incorporated into draft DIN standards after discussion and approval in expert committees. Further important characteristics of the mechanical and physical material behaviour were summarized in HTR material data sheets so as to furnish an improved ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In an HTR plant high temperature components of Alloy 800 materials are subjected to temperatures from about 550 to 850degC in the long term; higher temperatures may occur in the short term. Thus the creep and stress-rupture parameters govern the design of these components. Since in recent years the scope of experimental data available for Alloy 800 materials has considerably increased, a new evaluation of the creep and creep-rupture properties was performed using a data bank computer. The relationships between the characteristics of the creep and creep-rupture behaviour and the metallurgical parameters were investigated by multilinear regression analyses. On the basis of the results of these analyses and after discussion in material expert committees new material specifications were determined for different types of Alloy 800. They were included into the draft standards DIN 17459 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper summarizes the results of a long-term research project by SKBV which aimed to find ways of increasing spiral chute capacity while minimizing particle degradation, and also to extend the life of chute linings. Spiral chutes have been redesigned in such a way that chute speeds are considerably slower. The most wear-resistant and economic material for the inlet area was found to be slabs of tempered alloy cast steel, and for normal chute sections, cast basalt plates. Vertical rom bunkers can now be lined with thin cladding sections of GRC. Staple pit spiral chutes have been considerably improved in respect to wear and abrasion by the use of toughened steel as the chute lining material. Several of the innovations developed during the course of the research project are in use in West German mines and some have also been introduced abroad. (In German)

CERN Document Server

Phase II collimators will complement the existing system to improve the expected high RF impedance and limited efficiency of Phase I jaws. An international collaborative effort has been launched to identify novel advanced materials responding to the very challenging requirements of the new collimators. Complex numerical calculations simulating extreme conditions and experimental tests are in progress. In parallel, an innovative modular design concept of the jaw assembly is being developed to allow fitting in alternative materials, minimizing the thermally induced deformations, withstanding accidents and accepting high radiation doses. Phase II jaw assembly is made up of a molybdenum back-stiffener ensuring high geometrical stability and a modular jaw split in threes sectors. Each sector is equipped with a high-efficiency independent cooling circuit. Beam position monitors (BPM) are embedded in the jaws ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radon appears mainly by diffusion processes from the point of origin following #alpha#- decay of "2"2"6Ra in underground soil and building materials used, in the construction of floors, walls, and ceiling. The transport phenomenon of radon through diffusion is a significant contributor to indoor radon entry. In the present study radon diffusion through sand, cement, mixtures of sand + cement (1:1), sand + cement (2:1), sand + cement (3:1), sand + cement (4:1) has been carried out using LR-115 type II solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). The radon diffusion coefficient and diffusion lengths have been calculated for different materials. The effect of compaction, which changes the porosity and permeability of the materials, on radon diffusion has also been studied. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research performed at LAMPF during 1985 is reported in the areas of: nuclear and particle physics; atomic and molecular physics; materials science; radiation-effects studies; biomedical research and instrumentation; nuclear chemistry; radioisotope production; and physics theory. Also reported are the status of LAMPF-II, facility development work, and accelerator operations. (LEW)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this task was to obtain powder property data on candidate glass former materials, sufficient to guide conceptual design and estimate the cost of glass former handling facilities as requested under Part B1 of BNFL Technical and Development Support. Twenty-nine glass forming materials were selected and obtained from vendors for the characterization of their physical properties, durability in caustic solution, and powder flow characteristics. A glass former was selected based on the characterization for each of the ten oxide classes required for Envelope A, B, and C mixtures. Three blends (A, B, and C) were prepared based on formulations provided by Vitreous State Laboratory and evaluated with the same methods employed for the glass formers. The properties obtained are presented in a series of attached Tables. It was determined that five of the ten glass formers, (kyanite, iron oxide, titania, zircon, and zinc oxide) have the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Objective.The interest of dental research in metal-free restorations has been rising in the last 20 years following the introduction of innovative all-ceramic materials in the daily practice. In particular, high strength ceramics and related CAD/CAM techniques have widely increased the clinical indications of metal-free prostheses, showing more favourable mechanical characteristics compared to the early ceramic materials.The purpose of the present paper is providing a brief review on the all-ceramic dental materials, evaluating pros and cons in the light of the most recent scientific results and of the authors? clinical experience.Materials. A structured review of the literature was given on the basis of medical and engineering papers published in the last decades on the use of dental cera...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has generated considerable interest over the past several years. Several materials have been used to induce RTP from a variety of compounds. However, there is still a need to test additional materials and experimental conditions for RTP so the maximum sensitivity and selectivity can be obtained. In this work, three solid surfaces and several experimental conditions were tested for RTP of nitrogen heterocycles and aromatic amines. Nitrogen heterocycles and aromatic amines are an important class of compounds as shown by work in areas such as environmental research and coal liquefaction research. 18 references.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

There is proposed the nonlinear model of dose dependence saturation of the yield strength on the base of the vacancy and interstitial barrier interaction in this work. Processes of mutual recombination of vacancy and interstitial barriers and formation of vacancy and interstitial clusters are taken into consideration. In the framework of the model, the analytical equations corresponding to the evolution of the barrier densities and yield strength are obtained. It is shown that the yield strength of irradiated materials decreases with the increasing intensity of barrier recombination processes, the dependence being nonlinear. Also it is shown that the model is valid both for low doses and large doses on the stage of radiation hardening.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The investigation of important wear processes in the railway technique, especially the differentiation of the parameters influencing the wear process, requires extensive test programmes and thus high resolving methods to determine the wear. Radiometric methods enable considerably greater measuring accuracy with the help of the activation of materials than an observation of measurement or measuring changes. (orig./LH).

Science.gov (United States)

During four years of operation at the Central Receiver Test Facility (CRTF) ceramics have performed well in cyclic solar flux densities of less than 30 W/cm/sup 2/. Above 100 W/cm/sup 2/, serious limitations exist. Important application considerations include: the geometry, cyclic and long time exposures, flux density gradients, thermal shock, weathering, and soiling.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The two favourable dry storage concepts being under consideration in the Federal Republic of Germany are presented and the physical behaviour or natural convection cooling with air is explained. With the three examples cask store, vault storage horizontally and vertically arranged the main thermodynamical design parameters and their influence on the efficiency of the cooling system and on the temperature distribution inside the store and of the stored material are discussed. Moreover, the importance of the fulfilment and the harmony of all safety criteria and the difficulties while to do so are carried out especially with the vault store.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In 10 cases of femoral neck fracture treated with prosthetic replacement, the preoperative sup(99m)Tc-MDP scintigraphs were investigated and then compared with each histological findings of the extracted femoral head. The appearances of the scintigraphs were classified into following 3 patterns; increased activity pattern of sup(99m)Tc-MDP uptake in the overall femoral head (type I) in 4 cases, deficient activity pattern at the lateral side correspond to weight-bearing area (type II) in 2 cases and considerably deficient activity pattern in the whole femoral head (type III) in remaining 4 cases. Histological examination of the extracted femoral heads revealed the narrow part of ischemic necrosis in type I. However type II showed extensive necrosis in the portion of deficient activity by scintigraphs and in type III, the femoral heads except articular cartilage were entirely necrotic. This classification of sup(99m)Tc-MDP ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The report examines the scientific progress which has been made over the past years on the climate change issue. It examines shifts in emphasis on climate change debates and the implications of scientific uncertainty for the policy maker. Information on the impact of climate on various sectors, such as agriculture and coastal zones is also provided, as well as a case study on the UK. Regional impacts of climate change and associated economic implications are considered. The report also documents some different considerations for a climate change policy in the context of the latest meeting of contracting parties to the Un Framework Convention on Climate Change, held in Kyoto in December 1997. The report is divided into five sections: Introduction; Scientific progress; Climate change policy - the dilemma with implementation; Summary and conclusions; Summary of Kyoto`s results. 146 refs., 4 figs., 14 tabs., 2 apps.

Science.gov (United States)

Batch interaction experiments were performed under aerobic conditions to characterize the adsorption behavior and valence speciation of CoEDTA complexes (equimolar at 10 -5 mol/L) in a series of Pliocene subsurface sediments containing various amounts of Fe and Mn oxides. The experiments were performed in 0.003 mol/L Ca(ClO 4 ) 2 with a solids concentration of 500 g/L at variable pH (4-9) and at the natural pH of the sediments (pH = 8.3). Three of these subaerial sediments (Ringold 1, 2, 3) contained significant quantities of extractable Fe and Mn, while the fourth (Ringold 4) was virtually devoid of sesquioxide precipitates. Microscopic and mineralogic analyses of the most heavily encrusted material (Ringold 2) showed that the oxides existed as intergrain cements and contained crystalline goethite and rancieite/todorokite. Adsorption on a synthetic analog sorbent (0.6 mass % ferrihydrite-coated sand) over a range in pH showed that, while both ...

CERN Document Server

During the last two years, the performance of the Penning trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP at ISOLDE/CERN (Geneva) has been considerably enhanced. Many technical improvements have been completed (i) to access nuclides that are produced in minute quantities of only 100 ions s/sup -1/, (ii) to increase the relative mass accuracy to

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The objectives of this study were to characterize the changes of VOC material emission profiles over time and develop a method to account for such changes in order to enhance a source identification technique that is based on the measurements of mixed air samples and the emission signatures of individual building materials determined by PTRMS. Source models, including powerlaw model, doubleexponential decay model and mechanistic diffusion model, were employed to track the change of individual material emission signatures by PTRMS over a ninemonth period. Samples of nine typical building materials were tested individually for nine months and later in combination to obtain actual mixture emissions. VOC emissions from each material were measured in a 50liter smallscale chamber. Chamber air was sampled by PTRMS over a 28day period to determine their emission rate decay characteristics ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Luminescent transition metal complexes are enjoying a growing interest because of their ubiquitous applications in, e.g., the fields of material science, sensors and (biomedical) diagnostics, and iridium(III) and ruthenium(II) complexes are among the best studied. Due to their long-living excited states, these complexes can have a strong interaction with dioxygen, resulting in luminescence quenching. This oxygen quenching might be regarded as an unwanted effect in luminescence imaging, but, on the other hand, it can be exploited for diagnostic and therapeutic applications as well. After a theoretical introduction concerning the dioxygen quenching mechanism and the parameters involved, in the second part of this review we focus on the possibility of tailoring this quenching by modifying sel...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Current light water reactor (LWR) steam generators have been affected by a variety of corrosion and mechanical damage degradation mechanisms. Included are wear caused by tube vibration, intergranular corrosion, pitting, and thinning or wastage of the steam generator tubing and accelerated corrosion of carbon steel supports (denting). The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Steam Generator Owners Groups (I, II) have sponsored laboratory and field studies to provide ameliorative actions for the majority of the damage forms experienced to date. Some of the current corrosion mechanisms are aggravated or caused by unique materials choices or materials interactions. New materials have been proposed and at least partially qualified for use in replacement model steam generators, including an advanced LWR design. In so far as possible, the materials choices for the advanced LWR ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The cost incurred every year in West Germany due to air pollution is investigated. Damage to buildings, materials, and vegetation are evaluated as well as the cost of additional cleaning work and changes of location with the objective of getting a picture of the economic value of air pollution abatement. The findings are based on data of immission damage in high-exposure areas. Damage is assessed in consideration of the frequency of repair measures in industrial and country atmosphere. Further research will be necessary in view of the many problems concerning methods and availability of basic statistical data. The sequential cost estimated for a few selected cases of damage show that economic losses due to air pollution amount to several thousand million DM. Air pollution abatement measures thus do not only improve our quality of life but also help to save considerable cost to our national economy.

CERN Document Server

X11 Desktop Environments (KDE and GNOME) - Part II

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Dietary plant materials have attracted much attention because of their health benefits to humans. Acrylamide is found in various heated carbohydrate-rich foods. Our previous results showed that crude aqueous extracts from diverse dietary plants and some phenolic compounds could mitigate acrylamide formation in an asparagine-glucose model system. Based on our previous study, several plant materials were selected to further investigate their inhibitory effects on acrylamide formation in cookies and starch-based model systems. RESULTS: Addition of raw powders from selected dietary plants and their crude aqueous extracts could considerably reduce acrylamide formation in both cookie and potato starch-based models. Aqueous extracts of clove at 4% caused the largest reduction...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A concept for the optimization of manufacturing processes of composite material components with regard to product's quality and cost is introduced and applied for the case of thermoplastic composite helicopter canopies produced by `Cold' Diaphragm Forming (CDF) process. The proposed methodology relies on the consideration of the processes thermal cycle as decisive for the component's quality and cost. Quality and cost sensitivity analyses were made to derive material dependent Quality Functions (QFs) and process dependent Cost Estimation Relationships (CERs). QFs and CERs are exploited to derive iteratively the optimal thermal cycle. The processes thermal cycle is numerically simulated to allow for its virtual application on the material. To perform the optimization procedure a new softwar...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A few metal complexes of isatin-isonicotinoylhydrazone with Ni(II), Cr(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) have been prepared and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, infrared and electronic spectra as well as "1H NMR spectra, conductivity and magnetic measurements. In view of the results obtained, it has been found that two molecules of isatin-isonicotinoylhydrazone are chelated to the central metal ion as bis-uninegative ONO tridentate ligand forming non-electrolytic octahedral metal complexes. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A great amount of naturally produced manganese dioxide has been widely used as cell active material since 1880's, but nowadays synthetic manganese dioxides such as electrolytic manganese dioxides (EMD) and chemically prepared manganese dioxides (CMD), etc. are used therefor and cell performances have considerably been improved. The synthetic manganese dioxides which are being used widely as the above cell active materials are active materials designed and reformed as manganese-oxygen-proton based active materials. In this study, electrochemical behaviors of synthetic manganese dioxides (layered manganese dioxides and spinel-related manganese dioxides) were examined in a 1MLiClO4 propylene carbonate/tetrahydrofuran (1:1) solution. A discharge curve shown by the layered manganese dioxide presented a distorted S-shape and that of the spinel-related manganese dioxide showed the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

There are about 440 operating nuclear power reactors in the world including 20 units from Korea. The average age of the reactors is more than 20 years and many of them are approaching to their original 30 or 40 years licensing terms. Even though some failures were reported in components or pipes of nuclear power plants (NPPs), these NPPs are considered to be too valuable to stop their operation at the end of design life. Therefore, the long-term operation of NPPs has become a worldwide trend based on technical and economic consideration. In order to ensure safe long-term operation of NPPs, it is increasingly necessary to adopt new approaches to deal with nuclear materials aging and degradation. Proactive Material Degradation Assessment (PMDA) is one of the key elements of these new approaches. Many kinds of background information such as materials and degradation history of components or piping in NPP ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The activities and results of a Small Business Innovation Research Phase II project entitled ''Rapid Tools for Joint Inversion and Imaging'' are presented. Research and development on three-dimensional methods to recover distributions of material property values from sparse data are reported. Innovations using artificial neural networks and extended Kalman filtering are described. The report also covers investigations on upscaling and downscaling, segmentation for data processing, and applications to ground penetrating radar and geohydraulic tomography.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A simple and rapid procedure was developed for the purification of cyclotron-produced {sup 203}Pb via the {sup 203}Tl(d,2n) {sup 203}Pb reaction. A Pb(II) selective ion-exchange resin, with commercial name Pb Resin from Eichrom Technologies, Inc., was used to purify {sup 203}Pb from the cyclotron-irradiated Tl target with excellent recovery of the enriched Tl target material. The purified {sup 203}Pb was used to radiolabel the monoclonal antibody Herceptin. The in vitro and in vivo properties of the {sup 203}Pb radioimmunoconjugate were evaluated.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gasification and hydrogenation are the two basic routes for coal processing. Accounts are given of various low-temperature processes in coal gasification route A: air separation, removal of sour gas by the Rectisol process, liquid nitrogen washing, the material balance and utility consumption of these processes, plus low-temperature gas separation, partial condensation and methane washing. There are also accounts of the low-temperature processes involved in gasification route B: i.e., in the indirect coal liquefaction and direct liquefaction carried out in the Sasol II and III processes. (3 refs.) (In Japanese)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This executive summary presents the motivation, structure, objectives, methodologies and results of the first stage of the international DECOVALEX project - DECOVALEX I (1992-1995). The acronym stands for Development of Coupled Models and their Validation against Experiment in Nuclear Waste Isolation, and the project is an international effort to develop mathematical models, numerical methods and computer codes for coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in fractured rocks and buffer materials for geological isolation of spent nuclear fuel and other radioactive wastes, and validate them against laboratory and field experiments. 24 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aerodynamic sound derived from bluff bodies can be considerably reduced by flow control. In this paper, the authors propose a new method in which porous material covers a body surface as one of the flow control methods. From wind tunnel tests on flows around a bare cylinder and a cylinder with porous material, it has been clarified that the application of porous materials is effective in reducing aerodynamic sound. Correlation between aerodynamic sound and aerodynamic force fluctuation, and a surface pressure distribution of cylinders are measured to investigate a mechanism of aerodynamic sound reduction. As a result, the correlation between aerodynamic sound and aerodynamic force fluctuation exists in the flow around the bare cylinder and disappears in the flow around the cylinder with porous material. Moreover, the aerodynamic force fluctuation of the cylinder with porous ...

Science.gov (United States)

To estimate the waste management needs of a fusion power reactor, a scheme for handling radioactive waste from a fusion plant has been devised. The handling scheme proceeds with radioactive waste, primarily from blanket replacement, being stored on-site; waste in cooled and shielded casks is then isolated off-site; finally, the materials are recycled. Using activities and component lifetimes supplied by designers, several conceptual fusion power reactors have been analyzed and their waste streams compared to fission reactors with regard to total activity, specific activity, and lifetimes of activity.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Due to the general market conditions, the construction of steam turbines was greatly reduced in 1987. As in 1986, it came to a downward movement. This situation will heighten in the coming years. The exploitation of devices, which are available by way of the development of EDP in computation, construction, production and operation, leads to considerable improvements. These improvements can only be employed gradually, due to the reduction in production. However, technological progress can be used economically in part in the restoration of old installations. Here turbine construction, the thermodynamical interpretation of gas and steam turbines, developments in the field of conduction technology, piping and materials are described. Also improvements in operation security and operation supervision of the installations is treated, as well as service and maintenance of the plants. (BR) With 131 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It may be stated that for the calculation of the heat transfer coefficients for natural convection cooling of large-diameter finned surfaces it is necessary to take in consideration the effects of the fin length, fin material and of the azimuthal angle around the cylinder. The present results replace earlier less accurate correlations gained from the same measurements. The new, better correlation was elaborated with the aid of the improved method of evaluation of multiple parameters of a measurement matrix of multiple dimension (one dimension for each parameter), rendering the sum of the squares error a minimum at the same time for the complete matrix. 5 references.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The geothermal well-cost model developed by Sandia National Laboratories is being used to analyze the sensitivity of well costs to improvements in geothermal drilling technology. Three interim results from this modeling effort are discussed. The sensitivity of well costs to bit parameters, rig parameters, and material costs; an analysis of the cost reduction potential of an advanced bit; and a consideration of breakeven costs for new cementing technology. All three results illustrate that the well-cost savings arising from any new technology will be highly site-dependent but that in specific wells the advances considered can result in significant cost reductions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The first stage of the continuous coal hydrogenation unit has been used to test a number of coals with different processing strategies. This work has shown that conversion increases with product recycle, however after the second pass the increase is small but operability of the reactor is considerably improved. A kinetic model for the aromatic saturation of the recycle solvent in the second stage has been developed and will be used in the selection of conditions for oil upgrading processes. New insights into the structural composition of coal derived materials have been made due to the refinement of chromatographic or solubility separation analyses into routine operations and the development of a new technique in NMR spectroscopy.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The deportation of trophoblast debris from the placenta was first documented over 100 years ago, and today we know that the deported material ranges from multinucleated syncytial knots/sprouts to trophoblast-derived nanoparticles. However little is known about the effect of trophoblast debris on maternal physiology since it is difficult to investigate these effects in vivo in women. Animal models have been reported but they have provided relatively little information. Most of our current knowledge regarding the effects of trophoblast debris on maternal systems is provided by studies using trophoblast debris obtained from in vitro models of the human placenta. Herein we review the animal models and the in vitro studies, which, between them, suggest that deported trophoblast material may pla...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Integral Fast Reactor is an innovative liquid metal reactor concept that is being developed by Argonne National Laboratory. It takes advantage of the properties of metallic fuel and liquid metal cooling to offer significant improvements in reactor safety, operation, fuel cycle economics, environmental protection, and safeguards. The plans for demonstrating the IFR fuel cycle, including its waste processing options, by processing irradiated fuel from the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II fuel in its associated Fuel Cycle Facility have been developed for the first refining series. This series has been designed to provide the data needed for the further development of the IFR program. An important piece of the data needed is the recovery of TRU material during the reprocessing and waste operations.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... v. 14(8) p. 624-625. azido compounds cadmium complexes potentiometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The uncertainty of the elemental analysis is one of the major factors governing the utility of on-line Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) in the blending and sorting of bulk materials. In this paper, a general method applicable to Gamma spectra processing is presented and applied to PGNAA in mineral industry. Based on the Fourier transform of spectra and their de-correlation in the Fourier space (the improvement of the conditioning of the correlation matrix), processing of overlapping of characteristic peaks minimizes the propagation of random errors, which optimizes the accuracy and decreases the detection limits of elemental analyses. In comparison with classical methods based on the linear combinations of relevant regions of spectra the improvement may be considerable, especially when several elements are interfering. The method is applied to four case stories covering both borehole logging and on-line analysis on conveyor belt ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Natural rubber (NR) and its derivatives as renewable and biodegradable materials have attracted considerable attention because of the serious pollution problems caused by synthetic materials and a shortage of resources. A new semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) based on epoxidised natural rubber and polyvinyl alcohol containing maleic acid as a crosslinking reagent was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, swelling ratio in both distilled water and toluene, and mechanical properties. The curing time and dose of maleic acid were varied from 10 to 60min, and from 10 to 60% (w/w), respectively. An IR spectroscopic study indicated the presence of an ester linkage at 1730cm-1 in maleic acid crosslinked with PVA in semi-IPN films. In addition, the crystalline content of P...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In FY1994, JMTR was in operation during 4 operation cycles with low enriched Uranium(LEU,20%) fuel for irradiation study of nuclear fuels and materials and for radioisotope production. Irradiation studies were carried out using capsules, Oarai Gas Loop-1(OGL-1), Oarai Shroud Facility(OSF-1) and hydraulic rabbits irradiation facilities in support of LWR, FBR, HTTR and thermonuclear reactor. Irradiation studies on blanket materials were intensively carried out. Power ramping tests were carried out and the future program is under consideration. For R and D works, neutron spectrum evaluation technology, re-instrumentation technique for irradiation fuel rod, remote controlled SEM apparatus and examination technique with miniaturized specimens were successfully developed. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Full text of publication follows: Large-scale problems such as nuclear waste disposal are increasingly recognized to be interconnected to small scale-mechanisms. Thus, synchrotron-based high-resolution analytical X-ray probes become important tools for exploring the micro-scale chemical reactivity of heterogeneous barrier materials used in nuclear waste repositories. In this study the layout of the micro-XAS beamline at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) will be presented. The beamline is optimized towards micro beam experiments ({approx}1 x 1 {mu}m{sup 2}) in the hard-X-ray regime (4 - {approx}22 keV) and allows to combine micro X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF), micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy (micro- XAS), and micro X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD) investigations with radioactive samples. Furthermore, the potential of micro-XRF/XAS/XRD for acquiring spatially resolved molecular level information on the speciation and structural coordination environment of radionuclides ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Clay-based materials can be cold-stabilized using binder and formed by extrusion. This paper deals with the properties of such materials under the influence of silico-aluminous flying ashes addition. Flying ashes are solid industrial wastes produced by coal combustion. Characteristics of ashes bearing clay-based products, such as dimensional stability, water and mechanical resistance, accelerated aging, are considerably improved with respect to simple clay-binder mixtures. This is principally due to a better hydration of the binder in ashes-bearing mixtures because of: a higher free-water availability as a consequence of the smaller specific surface of ash grains, the filler effect of ash grains which do not participate to the reactions, the specific property of silico-aluminous ashes that can fix the lime in presence of water to produce hydrated compounds. These ashes-bearing clay based materials can ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

Batch interaction experiments were performed under aerobic conditions to characterize the adsorption behavior and valence speciation of CoEDTA complexes (equimolar at 10{sup -5} mol/L) in a series of Pliocene subsurface sediments containing various amounts of Fe and Mn oxides. The experiments were performed in 0.003 mol/L Ca(ClO{sub 4}){sub 2} with a solids concentration of 500 g/L at variable pH (4-9) and at the natural pH of the sediments (pH = 8.3). Three of these subaerial sediments (Ringold 1, 2, 3) contained significant quantities of extractable Fe and Mn, while the fourth (Ringold 4) was virtually devoid of sesquioxide precipates. Microscopic and mineralogic analyses of the most heavily encrusted material (Ringold 2) showed that the oxides existed as intergrain cements and contained crystalline goethite and rancieite/todorokite. Adsorption on a synthetic analog sorbent (0.6 mass% ferrihydrite-coated sand) over a range in pH showed that, while both ...

CERN Document Server

We re-examine the process of loop quantization for flat isotropic models in cosmology. In particular, we contrast different inequivalent `loop quantizations' of these simple models through their respective successes and limitations and assess whether they can lead to any viable physical description. We propose three simple requirements which any such admissible quantum model should satisfy: i) independence from any auxiliary structure, such as a fiducial interval/cell introduced to define the phase space when integrating over non-compact manifolds; ii) existence of a well defined classical limit and iii) provide a sensible "Planck scale" where quantum gravitational effects become manifest. We show that even when it may seem that one can have several possible loop quantizations, these physical requirements considerably narrow down the consistent choices. Apart for the so called improved dynamics of LQC, none of the other available inequivalent ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The release rate of a nuclide from a reactor or a radioactive waste disposal plant at the accident is not steady, but varies with time. The various parameters of a nuclide migration into environment vary also day after day, or with the seasons. In such cases, dynamic behavior of the nuclide in the environment must be taken into consideration. It is difficult for a mathematical model to involve all of mechanisms for the nuclide migration. The environment for evaluation of doses are usually divided into some of compartments in which a nuclide concentration is uniform. Time variations of the nuclide concentration in the compartment are described in simultaneous differential equations. The nuclide concentration can be solved as a time function, and the radiation doses, therefore, can be estimated as a time function. Generic analysis code for dynamic compartment model (GACOM) is developed for the nuclide migration and the evaluation of doses in terrestrial biosphere. ...

CERN Document Server

We have obtained UBVRI images with the Kitt Peak and Cerro Tololo 4-m telescopes and Mosaic cameras of seven dwarfs in (or near) the Local Group, all of which have known evidence of recent star formation: IC10, NGC 6822, WLM, Sextans B, Sextans A, Pegasus,and Phoenix. We construct color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of these systems, as well as neighboring regions that can be used to evaluate the degree of foreground contamination by stars in the Milky Way. Inter-comparison of these CMDs with those of M31, M33, the LMC, and the SMC permits us to determine improved reddening values for a typical OB star found within these galaxies. All of the CMDs reveal a strong or modest number of blue supergiants. All but Pegasus and Phoenix also show the clear presence of red supergiants in the CMD, although IC10 appears to be deficient in these objects given its large WR population. The bright stars of intermediate color in the CMD are badly contaminated by foreground stars (30-100%), and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) is a 400-MWt, sodium-cooled reactor located on the Hanford Site near Richland, Washington, USA. The FFTF is owned by the U.S. Department of Energy and is operated by the Westinghouse Hanford Company. The FFTF was designed to test fuels and materials for use in liquid metal reactors. Since initial operation in 1982, anticipated breaches of experimental fuel pins have released fission products, including cesium, into the primary sodium. Because of its high volatility, cesium vaporizes into the cover gas space, where it condenses on components and equipment and is transported into the cover gas outlet. Because of the long half-life of "1"3"7Cs, these deposits result in long-term, local radiation levels that make contact maintenance difficult. Thus, a cesium trap was installed in FFTF to reduce the cesium level in the sodium. The trap could also permit a Run Beyond Cladding Breach (RBCB) program without compromising the sodium purity. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The BEATRIX-II irradiation experiment is an in-situ tritium release experiment being carried out in the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) reactor to evaluate the tritium release characteristics of fusion solid breeder materials. A sophisticated tritium gas handling system has been developed to continuously monitor the tritium recovery from the specimens and facilitate tritium removal from the experiment's sweep gas flow stream. The in-situ recovery experiment accommodates two different in-reactor specimen canisters with individual gas streams and temperature monitoring/control. Ionization chambers have been specifically designed to respond to the rapid changes in the tritium release rate at the anticipated tritium concentrations. Two ceramic electrolysis cells have proved effective in reducing the moisture in the gas streams to hydrogen/tritium. A tritium getter system, capable of reducing the tritium level by a factor greater than 4000, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new study on the pressure-induced phase transitions of TiO_2 has been performed using all-electron density-functional theory based computations with the projector augmented wave and the linearized augmented plane wave methods considering five experimentally observed structures. The static results yield a picture that is consistent with experiments, i.e., phase transitions with pressure are predicted as rutile #-># monoclinic baddeleyite (MI) #-># orthorhombic I (OI) #-># cotunnite (OII) on compression, and OII #-># OI #-># MI #-># columbite (TiO_2II) on decompression. The elasticities of these five polymorphs are compared. Except for the baddeleyite structure, which is considerably softer than the other polymorphs, all phases show a zero pressure bulk modulus in the range of 200-240 GPa, consistent with compression results and the single crystal elastic constant; on the basis of these results we can say that the cotunnite ...

Science.gov (United States)

The mechanical properties of metal stents are important parameters in the consideration of stent design, matched to resist arterial recoil and vascular spasm. The purpose of this study was to develop a system for a standardized quantitative evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of various coronary stents. Several types of stents were compressed by external hydrostatic pressure. The stent diameter was assessed by placing a pair of small ultrasonic sono-crystals on the stent. From pressure-strain diagrams the ultimate strength and radial stiffness for each stent were determined. For all stents, except the MICRO-II and the Wiktor stent, the diameter decreased homogeneously until an ultimate compressive strength was exceeded, causing an abrupt collapse. Expanded to 3 mm, the mechanical behavior of the beStent, the Crown and the Palmaz-Schatz stent (PS153-series) were comparable. The spiral articulated Palmaz-Schatz stent showed twice the ...

Science.gov (United States)

This study aimed to correlate the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose contained in a sugarcane bagasse sample pretreated with dilute H(2)SO(4) with the levels of independent variables such as initial content of solids and loadings of enzymes and surfactant (Tween 20), for two cellulolytic commercial preparations. The preparations, designated cellulase I and cellulase II, were characterized regarding the activities of total cellulases, endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, cellobiase, ?-glucosidase, xylanase, and phenoloxidases (laccase, manganese and lignin peroxidases), as well as protein contents. Both extracts showed complete cellulolytic complexes and considerable activities of xylanases, without activities of phenoloxidases. For the enzymatic hydrolyses, two 2(3) central composite full factorial designs were employed to evaluate the effects caused by the initial content of solids (1.19-4.81%, w/w) and loadings of enzymes ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

SiC has been considered as a primary candidate material for a first wall component in future fusion reactor because it has been claimed that SiC has excellent high-temperature properties, good chemical stability and low activation. However, the behavior of tritium on SiC has not been discussed yet. In this study, tritium trapping capacity on the surface of SiC was experimentally obtained at the temperature range of 25-800 deg. C in consideration of tritium trapping to the experimental system. The capacity, which was independent of the water vapor pressure in the gas phase and the temperature, was determined as about 10{sup 6} Bq/cm{sup 2}. The isotope exchange reaction rate between tritiated water in a gas phase and hydrogen on the surface was quantified at the temperature of 25, 500 and 700 deg. C in consideration of the behavior of tritium trapping at change of experimental condition by the numerical curve fitting method ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Decreasing the aperture of a solar central receiver operating at high temperatures contributes significantly to the increase of the efficiency of energy absorption. However, decreasing the aperture also decreases the collection efficiency. A simple solution is using a 3D-CPC as secondary element for augmenting the energy collection, while the aperture can remain relatively small. Nevertheless, the receiver aperture as well as the secondary concentrator are usually rather large. For practical considerations an approximate solution may be chosen at times, designing the concentrator by a series of truncated cones. However, in particular cases, the solution of truncated cones remains expensive and unpractical and therefore the authors designed a CPC approximated by a series of trapezoidal planar facets. Under technical restrictions, there is an optimum for choosing the partition of the pure-CPC in truncated pyramids and the paper presents the method for a good ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An experiment was conducted on the structure of mesoscopic calculating method for cement-based composite materials. The purpose was utilization for the simulation of mesoscale failure processes and the development of new composite materials. Mesh split based on Voronoi polygons was applied as the discrete limit analysis of the cement-based composite materials containing aggregate particles taking the arrangement of random particles into consideration, and a two-dimensional rigid-body/spring model was employed as the model. The nonhomogeneity of concrete was represented by three kinds of different spring parameters which were aggregate, mortar matrix and their interfaces. The simulation results were summarized as follows: The stress-strain curve went into a non-linear state from the 30% of the maximum stress. The generation of interfacial crack started on the side of the aggregate, but the propagation of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Results from a heavily fouled 19 tube C-E model boiler test to investigate the potential for egg crate corrosion in aggressively fouled AVT chemistry are reported. Substantial support plate and egg crate corrosion was produced in this test. Carbon steel drilled support plates exhibited extensive denting which resulted in flow hole ligament cracking. Corrosion of the carbon steel egg crate, through-wall at areas of tube contact, resulted in denting of the Alloy 600 heat transfer tubes. Corrosion performance of the 409 stainless steel egg crate was improved compared to the carbon steel egg crate although localized through-wall corrosion was noted. The results from the above test and previously reported tests were compared based on the following simplifying assumptions: maximum dent size and/or corrosion penetrations utilized, average bulk water chloride concentrations, pilling bedworth ratios, pot and model boilers data are equivalent, heat flux not significantly variable, and plot is ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Objective.The objective of this study was to use the newly synthesized poly(quaternary ammonium salt) (PQAS)-containing polyacid to formulate the light-curable glass-ionomer cements and study the effect of the PQAS on the compressive strength and antibacterial activity of the formed cements.Materials and methods.The functional QAS and their constructed PQAS were synthesized, characterized and formulated into the experimental high-strength cements. Compressive strength (CS) and Streptococcus mutans viability were used to evaluate the mechanical strength and antibacterial activity of the cements. Fuji II LC cement was used as control. The specimens were conditioned in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 h prior to testing. The effects of the substitute chain length, loading as well as gra...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Electron charge distributions are presented for Nb_3Ge, Nb_3Al, and two other hypothetical A-15 structures. Results indicate that the bonding in these materials is mainly metallic in character with some covalentlike bonding between Nb-chain atoms. We find significant coupling between neighboring chains and also between chain atoms and atoms at the cubic site. Comparison is made with various theoretical models. Investigation of the charge character of states near E/sub F/ suggests further developments in current theories on the structural transformation of A-15 compounds. The effect of chain dimerization on electronic states and charge distribution of Nb_3Ge is also investigated.

Science.gov (United States)

Electron charge distributions are presented for Nb/sub 3/Ge, Nb/sub 3/Al, and two other hypothetical A-15 structures. Results indicate that the bonding in these materials is mainly metallic in character with some covalentlike bonding between Nb-chain atoms. We find significant coupling between neighboring chains and also between chain atoms and atoms at the cubic site. Comparison is made with various theoretical models. Investigation of the charge character of states near E/sub F/ suggests further developments in current theories on the structural transformation of A-15 compounds. The effect of chain dimerization on electronic states and charge distribution of Nb/sub 3/Ge is also investigated.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Since the very high temperature reactor (VHTR) components such as hot gas ducts and intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) are operated during a design life of 30 to 60 years at 950 .deg. C and 3-8MPa in He impurities, their components are required to have good high temperature strength, creep-rupture strength, high temperature stability, and good corrosion resistance. Among them, creep properties are the most important, because the integrity of their components should be preserved during a design life of over 30 years at the maximum operating temperature up to 1000 .deg. C. So far, there are no materials approved by ASME III which is a nuclear code for temperatures reaching 1000 .deg. C, and until now, a material selection is still left as a key issue. Some leading candidate alloys can be selected from the high temperature materials approved by ASME VIII. Alloy 617 is considered as a prospective material ...

Science.gov (United States)

New tetradentate N(2)O(2) donor Schiff bases and their mononuclear Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Pd(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized extensively by IR, (1)H-, (13)C-NMR, mass, ESR, conductivity measurements, elemental and thermal analysis. Specifically the magnetic and electronic spectral measurements demonstrate the octahedral structures of cobalt(II), nickel(II) complexes and square planar geometries of copper(II), palladium(II) complexes. All the ligands and complexes were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against two gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia). In this study, Pd(II) complexes exhibited potent antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus whereas ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effect of W and V on the high temperature strength properties of 12%Cr-15%Mn austenitic steels was studied from the view point of precipitation hardening and internal stress. The contribution of W addition to the tensile and creep-rupture strength was not so large. By contrast the combined addition of W and V increased the strength considerably. These are resulted from the precipitation of fine vanadium nitride (VN) within grains and the enhancement of M_2_3C_6 type carbide precipitation at grain boundaries. The V added material had large internal stress value which is considered to be due to dislocation movement disturbed by fine vanadium nitrides. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Targets for heterogeneous transmutation of americium are composed of a support material, the inert matrix and of an americium oxide compound: AmO{sub 2-x} or Am{sub 2}O{sub 3}. In parallel to the studies using americium, simulated compounds of americium oxide, chosen amongst lanthanide oxides, are used. The selection of these compounds is based on theoretical, physical and crystallochemical considerations. In order to assess the influence of impurities composed of lanthanide oxides, resulting from the separation process, on the physical and chemical properties of such a target, synthesis of oxide powders containing impurities associated with the simulated americium oxide, characterizations, crystallographic studies and sodium compatibility tests have been performed. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose The laparoscopic surgical approach to unilateral intra-abdominal testis has replaced the open approach at several large centers. There is considerable literature on experience with unilateral intra-abdominal testes but little on the management of bilateral intra-abdominal testes. We assessed the feasibility and safety of performing single setting bilateral laparoscopic orchiopexy in boys with bilateral intra-abdominal testes. Materials and Methods A single surgeon experience was reviewed. The surgical technique was similar in all cases and on each side, including infra-umbilical access, diagnostic evaluation, peritoneal mobilization lateral to the spermatic vessels and inferior to the vas deferens, gubernacular transection, and a decision for or against a Fowler-Stephens procedure ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Desiccation cracking is a common phenomenon in clay materials, which may considerably increase the hydraulic conductivity of soil. This issue is one of the main concerns in the design and construction of landfill covers, especially, in arid regions. For some highly plastic soils, permeability increases during cyclic drying and wetting are not significant, even though cracking may clearly be noticed in the soil. These cracks may self-heal during subsequent wetting and saturation processes. In the present study, large scale experimental models of various natural clayey soils with various plasticity indices were subjected to cyclic drying and wetting and hydraulic conductivity testing to better understand cracking behaviour and self-healing in fine-grained soils. The soils are candidate clay ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This illustrated final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a project concerning a new, highly active oxygen reduction electrode for PEM fuel cell and zinc/air battery applications. The goal of this project was, according to the authors, to increase the efficiency of the oxygen reduction reaction by lowering the activation polarisation through the right choice of catalyst and by lowering the concentration polarisation. In this work, carbon nanotubes are used as support material. The use of these nanotubes grown on perovskites is discussed. Theoretical considerations regarding activation polarisation are discussed and alternatives to the use of platinum are examined. The results of experiments carried out are presented in graphical and tabular form. The paper is completed with a comprehensive list of references.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Tests using reconstituted samples have been performed to assess the diffusive transport of 137Cs and 60Co through natural regolith materials from a region in South Australia being considered for a radioactive waste repository. A double diffusion cell apparatus made of polycarbonate resin was developed to estimate the effective diffusion (De) and sorption coefficients (Kd) that allowed large withdrawals from the source and collector cells and has enabled tests with low concentrations of radioactivity. An alternative to porous stainless steel filter plates has also been used to reduce uncertainty in test interpretation. Analysis of the transient data used a staged method of the Laplace transform to take into consideration the volume of the samples withdrawn from the apparatus during testing....

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Global supply chain practices and their effects have received considerable attention over the last two decades. In the recent past, the need for integration across supply chains has been identified as a key for effective and efficient operations of supply chains. This is observed with the increasing trend of collaborative partnerships among supply chain partners. This paper presents an integrated approach for manufacturing and distribution networks within the supply chain system of a global car company. The paper shows that the integration of manufacturing and distribution networks creates the environment for effective planning of many components and execution/follow-up of those plans. These components include materials, resources, operations/activities, suppliers and customers. The main f...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The dependence was determined of the decontamination factor ratio found in the presence of a carrier and in a carrier-free system on carrier concentration at different concentrations of a complexing agent in a solution. Bearing balls were used as contamination materials while a mixture of "1"5"2Eu and "1"5"4Eu isotopes was used as a contaminant, citric acid in a concentration of 5x10"-"3 to 1x10"-"1 mol/dm"3 as a complexing agent, and Eu, lanthanum and aluminium at a concentration range of 1x10"-"5 to 1x10"-"2 mol/dm"3 as carriers. While no increase in the decontamination factor was found for aluminium, a considerable increase was observed in the isotopic and homologic carriers and the concentration dependence of the carrier reached the maximum. An equation was derived explaining the effect by the isotope exchange between the contaminant and the carrier and by the reaction between the carrier and the complexing agent. (J.F.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Design of pipe whip restraints requires a knowledge of the maximum allowable unsupported pipe length. This paper presents a numerical method for calculating this critical length of the pipe. Salient features of the method are: (1) as a flow rounds an elbow, it exerts a transverse kick and an axial thrust to the pipe, both the axial thrust and the bending moment are considered; (2) the jet force is applied in an abrupt manner, the dynamic amplification factor (DAF) is determined from the load-deflection (H-{Delta}) curve of the pipe, by taking into consideration large strain, large deformation and the nonlinear stress-strain relationship of the piping material; (3) the ultimate capacity of the pipe under the combined action of an axial force and a bending moment is governed by an interaction formula. The maximum unsupported pipe length is calculated from this formula. Only the formulas and derivation are presented. Numerical results and design ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The need to increase efficiency of volumetric receivers for use in solar power plants by reducing reradiation losses and increasing the ``volumetric effect`` has promoted the idea of a receiver with tapered ducts. These seems to be very promising since higher efficiency and considerable saving of material can be achieved, as compared to conventional receivers perforated with ducts of constant cross-section. A finite element program is being developed to calculate stationary heat transfer in the tapered ducts by free and forced convection in the gas flow, conduction in walls and in the gas, and solar and thermal radiation. Gas and wall temperatures are considered to be varying only in the flow direction. In order to perform the highly nonlinear calculations of radiative exchange, the exact knowledge of the view factors is necessary. The aim of the present work is to evaluate analytically the view factors in tapered ducts.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In recent years, interest in the development of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has considerably increased due to its advantages (e.g., high power density) compared with other fuel cell systems, and its potentials to become the power plant for the next generation, nonpolluting automobile engine. For large scale application of fuel cells, low platinum loading electrode structures are necessary. An electrode based on a highly porous carbonized polyacrylonitrile foam material with very low platinum loading ({approximately} 13 {micro}g/cm{sup 2}) was prepared. The performance of this electrode for oxygen reduction was evaluated and compared with bulk platinum and glassy carbon electrodes.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Some acylhydrazine derived ONO donor Schiff bases and their Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes have been prepared having the same metal ion (cation) but different anions. These synthesized metal(II)...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) program intends to develop new designs for automobiles that will reduce fuel consumption by two thirds but otherwise have price, comfort, safety, and other measures of performance similar to the typical automobile now on the market. PNGV vehicle designs are expected to substitute lightweight materials, such as aluminum, magnesium, carbon-reinforced polymer composites, glass-reinforced polymer composites, and ultra- light steel, for heavier materials such as steel and iron in automobile components. The target mass of a PNGV vehicle is 1,960 pounds, as compared to the average current vehicle that weights 3,240 pounds. Other changes could include the use of different ferrous alloys, engineering changes, or incorporation of advanced ceramic components. Widespread adoption of these vehicle designs would affect materials markets and require concurrent development and ...

Science.gov (United States)

Lunar resource utilization has focused principally on the extraction of oxygen from the lunar regolith. A number of schemes have been proposed for oxygen extraction from Ilmenite and Anorthite. Serendipitously, these schemes have as their by-products (or more directly as their "waste products"), materials needed for the fabrication of thin film silicon solar cells. Thus lunar surface possesses both the elemental components needed for the fabrication of silicon solar cells and a vacuum environment that allows for vacuum deposition of thin film solar cells directly on the surface of the Moon without the need for vacuum chambers. In support of the US space exploration initiative a new architecture for the production of thin film solar cells on directly on the lunar surface is proposed. The paper discusses experimental data on the fabrication and properties of lunar glass substrates, evaporated lunar regolith thin films (anti-reflect coatings and insulators), and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ion Beam Induced Luminescence (IBIL) and Ion Beam Induced Charge Collection (IBICC) have been applied in the study of the luminescence emission efficiency and investigation of the homogeneity of the luminescence emission in phosphors. The IBIL imaging was performed by using sharply focused ion beams or broad/partially-focused ion beams. The luminescence emission homogeneity in samples was examined to reveal possible distributed crystal-defects that may lead to the inhomogeneity of the luminescence emission in samples.The purpose of the study is to search for suitable luminescent thin films that have high homogeneity of luminescence emission, large IBIL efficiency under heavy ion excitation, and can be placed as a thin layer on the top of microelectronic devices to be analyzed with Ion Photon Emission Microscopy (IPEM). The emission yield was found to be low for organic materials, due to saturation of the light output dependence on the energy deposition of heavy ...

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The plastic displacements around Knoop indentations made in hard titanium/aluminum multilayered films on soft aluminum alloy substrates have been studied. Indentations were cross-sectioned and imaged using the focused-ion-beam (FIB) milling and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The FIB milling method has the advantage of removing material in a localized region without producing mechanical damage to the specimen. The micrographs of the cross-sectioned indentations indicate that most of the plastic deformation around the indentation is dominated by the soft aluminum substrate. There is a very small change in the multilayered film thickness around the indentation{emdash}less than 10{percent}. The plastic deformation of the thin film resembles a membrane being deflected by a localized pressure gradient across the membrane. Stress-induced voids are also observed in the multilayered film, especially in the area around the indentation apex. ...

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The sulfur-iodine (SI) thermochemical cycle is one of the main candidate methods to produce hydrogen from non-fossil sources like nuclear (GEN IV reactor) or solar thermal power. A major issue for the successful implementation of the SI cycle is the selection of technically viable and economic materials for construction of process components, particularly heat exchangers. Challenging conditions are encountered in each of the three sections of the SI cycle due to the corrosive chemicals present, including sulfuric acid, iodine, hydroiodic acid, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen, and others. In Section I, aqueous, non-aqueous (liquid iodine), and gaseous multi-component phases are present at about 120 {sup o}C and 0.7 MPa. Section II involves gaseous and aqueous phases of sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, and oxygen at up to about 830 {sup o}C and 3.6 MPa. In Section III , aqueous, non-aqueous, and gaseous phases, at up to 310 {sup o}C and 2.2 MPa, ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway is a conserved regulator of longevity, development, and metabolism. In Caenorhabditis elegans IIS involves activation of DAF-2 (insulin/IGF-1...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A systematic study for the materials design of III-V and II-VI compound-based ferromagnetic diluted magnetic semiconductors is given based on ab initio calculations within the local spin density approximation. The electronic structures of 3d-transition-metal-atom-doped GaN and Mn-doped InN, InP, InAs, InSb, GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs and AlSb were calculated by the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method combined with the coherent potential approximation. It is found that the ferromagnetic ground states are readily achievable in V-, Cr- or Mn-doped GaN without any additional carrier doping treatments, and that InN is the most promising candidate for high-T_C ferromagnet. A simple explanation of the systematic behavior of the magnetic states in III-V and II-VI compound-based diluted magnetic semiconductors is also given. It is also shown that V or Cr-doped ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe are ferromagnetic without p- or n-type doping ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naturally occurring radionuclides are present in most material. The most common naturally occurring radionuclides in material are those of the uranium and thorium series and potassium-40. This material is commonly referred to as Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM). In some material the levels of naturally occurring radionuclides are significantly higher, to the extent that regulatory control may be required for radiation protection purposes. Regulation of NORM presents a range of new challenges for both regulators and operators. Unlike more traditional industries dealing with radionuclides, NORM industries have generally not had any radiological oversight and, for example, are not equipped for radiological monitoring. Some consumer goods containing NORM, which have not traditionally been considered as a radiological problem (such as some fertilizers), may require ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The research for the development of flexible organic electronic devices (FEDs) is rapidly increasing worldwide, since FEDs will change radically several aspects of everyday life. Although there has been considerable progress in the area of flexible inorganic devices (a-Si or solution processed Si), there are numerous advances in the organic (semiconducting, conducting and insulating), inorganic and hybrid (organic-inorganic) materials that exhibit customized properties and stability, and in the synthesis and preparation methods, which are characterized by a significant amount of multidisciplinary efforts. Furthermore, the development and encapsulation of organic electronic devices onto flexible polymeric substrates by large-scale and low-cost roll-to-roll production processes will allow their market implementation in numerous application areas, including displays, lighting, photovoltaics, radio-frequency identification circuitry and chemical ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A probability-based approach is presented as the integration of probabilistic methods and deterministic modelling based on the finite element method. An existing finite element software package was linked to an existing probabilistic package to analyse the complex mechanics that occur during the transient non-linear analysis of impact problems. This methodology is applied to a pipe whip analysis of a group-distribution-header, which results from a guillotine break, and subsequent impact with the adjacent building wall; this is a postulated accident for the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant RBMK-1500 reactors. The uncertainties of material properties, component geometry data and loads were taken into consideration. The probabilities of failure of the impacted header and of the header support-wall were estimated given uncertainties in material properties, geometrical parameters and loading. The software ProFES was used for the ...

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Silicon nitride based ceramics have attracted considerable attention as good candidates for structural applications due to their excellent mechanical properties including strength, hardness, fracture toughness, and high temperature strength. These properties are strongly influenced by grain size and morphology, and by the degree of crystallinity and chemistry of grain boundary phases. In this work, the microstructure of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} densified with Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} sintering additives was studied. Sintered samples were polished and plasma etched for microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscope. Quantitative evaluation of materials microstructure was accomplished using Quantikov software. Fracture toughness was measured by Vickers indentation method. The observed microstructure is typical of silicon nitride based materials and is characterized by high aspect ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For rational use of energy resources, the process technology which allows harmonization and multiplication of conflicting characteristics was developed for development of new ceramic system materials. This paper summarizes the result in fiscal 1997. On a structural reaction process among creation technologies of ultra-reliable structure, study was made on structure control and hot-working technology through atmosphere control in ceramics synthesis. On basic technology for analysis and evaluation, study was made on the effect of particle bridging on strengthening and toughening of ceramic materials. Study was also made on a toughness expression mechanism, FEM model analysis of particle bridging, and crack growth resistance of ceramics. On control of solid solution precipitation, new alumina ceramics with high strength, hardness and wear resistance was obtained by transgranularly precipitating nano-size particles from a fine-grain high-density ...

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The fundamental mechanisms underlying the chemical degradation of polymers can change as a function of environmental stress level. When this occurs, it greatly complicates any attempt to use accelerated tests for predicting long-term material degradation behaviors. Understanding how degradation mechanisms can change at different stress levels facilitates both the design and the interpretation of aging tests. Oxidative degradation is a predominant mechanism for many polymers exposed to a variety of different environments in the presence of air, and there are two mechanistic considerations which are widely applicable to material oxidation. One involves a physical process, oxygen diffusion, as a rate-limiting step. This mechanism can predominate at high stress levels. The second is a chemical process, the time-dependent decomposition of peroxide species. This leads to chain branching and can become a rate-controlling factor at ...

Science.gov (United States)

The results of this research centered on the experimental studies of a single superconducting persistent current qubit, the implementation of type-II algorithms using these qubits, and the proposal for adiabatic quantum computing using these qubits. The m...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The in vivo photochemical activity of photosystem II was inferred from modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and photoacoustic measurements in intact leaves of several plant species (Lycopersicon...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Woolfolk, C. A. (University of Washington, Seattle). Reduction of inorganic compounds with molecular hydrogen by Micrococcus lactilyticus. II. Stoichiometry with inorganic...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This document describes payload control at LLNL to ensure that all shipments of CH-TRU waste in the TRUPACT-II (Transuranic Package Transporter-II) meet the requirements of the TRUPACT-II SARP (safety report for packaging). This document also provides specific instructions for the selection of authorized payloads once individual payload containers are qualified for transport. The physical assembly of the qualified payload and operating procedures for the use of the TRUPACT-II, including loading and unloading operations, are described in HWM Procedure No. 204, based on the information in the TRUPACT-II SARP. The LLNL TRAMPAC, along with the TRUPACT-II operating procedures contained in HWM Procedure No. 204, meet the documentation needs for the use of the TRUPACT-II at LLNL. Table 14-1 provides a summary of the LLNL waste generation and ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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The rapid growth in the use of in vitro methods for nanoparticle toxicity assessment has proceeded with limited consideration of the unique kinetics of these materials in solution. Particles in general and nanoparticles specifically, diffuse, settle and agglomerate in cell culture media as a function of several systemic and particle factors: media density and viscosity, particle size, shape and density. Cellular dose then is also a function of these factors as they determine the rate of transport of nanoparticles to cells in culture. Here we develop and apply the principles of particokinetics and dosimetry in vitro and outline an approach for simulation of nanoparticle particokinetics in cell culture systems. We illustrate that where equal mass concentrations (?g/ml) imply equal doses for dissimilar materials, the corresponding particle number or surface area concentration doses differ by orders of magnitude. When rates of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The goal of the present work has been to clarify the influence of sulphate ions on the oxide films formed on stainless steel and Ni-based alloys in simulated crack chemistry conditions using different ex situ analytical techniques. The main observations of this work can be summarised as follows: The thickness of the films formed in simulated oxygen-free crack chemistry conditions during an exposure of circa 4 days varies roughly in the range 200..500 nm, which corresponds to observations reported in the literature [2]. The presence of 10000 ppb sulphate ions in simulated crack tip conditions seems to lead to a considerably lower thickness of the oxide films when compared to sulphate-free conditions. The presence of 10000 ppb sulphate ions leads also to considerable changes in the morphology of the oxide crystals on the material samples. In the absence of sulphate the outer oxide layer contains elongated round-edged ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research highlights: {yields} The use of resonant photoemission in its 'core-hole clock' expression for the study of the dynamical charge transfer across hybrid organic-inorganic interfaces and for the intermolecular charge transfer in the bulk of organic thin films is reviewed. {yields} The electronic coupling to the substrate and the efficiency of charge transport across hybrid interfaces is different for individual electronic subsystems of the molecular adsorbate. {yields} The intermolecular charge transfer in the bulk of discotic liquid crystals occurs on the order of a few femtoseconds and is faster than expected from the macroscopic charge transport characteristics of the material. -- Abstract: The focus of this brief review is the use of resonant photoemission in its 'core-hole clock' expression for the study of two important problems relevant for the field of organic electronics: the dynamical charge transfer across ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There has been considerable progress in developing SrBi{sub 2}Ta{sub 2}O{sub 9} (SBT) and Ba{sub O.7}Sr{sub O.3}TiO{sub 3} (BST) ferroelectric films for use as nonvolatile memory chips and for capacitors in dynamic random access memories (DRAMs). Ferroelectric materials have a very large dielectric constant ( {approx} 1000), approximately one hundred times greater than that of silicon dioxide. Devices made from these materials have been known to experience breakdown after a repeated voltage pulsing. It has been suggested that this is related to stoichiometric changes within the material. To accurately characterise these materials Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) is being developed. This technique employs a high energy heavy ion beam to eject nuclei from the target and uses a time of flight and energy dispersive (ToF-E) detector telescope to detect these nuclei. The recoil ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Red mud is a waste and tail material from primary aluminum production, and is named for its color, coming from its iron oxide content. The quantity of red mud is almost equal to the primary aluminum production and leads to a considerable environmental issue. Red mud of the ETI Seydisehir Aluminum Plant is considered as detrimental waste for storage due to its content of various metal oxides, elements and caustics. This detrimental effect is classified into two groups: first, environmental health and second, the cost of storage. In order to minimize the negative effect of red mud, there have been or are presently many investigations carried out on usage of red mud in building materials. However, no effective way of utilizing red mud has yet been found. In this study domestic red mud was investigated and chemical analyses were performed by EDAX and XRF techniques. Radioactivity of the samples was also measured with gamma ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

Melanoma (Skin)

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This is a collection of photographs of the plant which is now almost completed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

PRESTO-II is a computer code developed to evaluate possible health effects from shallow land disposal of low level radioactive wastes. PRESTO-PREP is a data preprocessor that has been developed to expedite the formation of input data sets for PRESTO-II. PRESTO-PREP utilizes a library of nuclide and risk-specific data. Given an initial waste inventory, the code creates the radionuclide portion of the associated input data set for PRESTO-II. 2 references.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a key proapoptotic factor in fibrotic tissue diseases. However, the mechanism of Ang-II-induced cell death in endothelial cells has not been previously elucidated....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the third quarterly report adsorption of heavy metals ions such as Cu(II) and Cr(VI) onto soils drawn from the laboratory-type wetland was shown to be weak. Secondly, it was shown that modified-clays did adsorb Cr(VI) ions strongly at pH 4.5. Further, studies on the pH dependence of the adsorption of {beta}-naphthoic acid, (NA), a well-documented contaminant in many oil and gas well waste waters onto modified-clays were undertaken and it was shown that uptake of NA by modified-clays was of the high affinity type at pH 4.5 and 7.0, but weak at pH 9.0. Adsorption of heavy metal ions, Cu{sup 2+}, and Cr(VI) onto algae, a proposed wetland amendment, was carried out and the results were presented and discussed in the fourth quarterly report. Uptake of NA by the soil component of the laboratory-type wetland was monitored as a function of pH. This quarterly report presents results from studies on the uptake of phenol and {beta}-naphthoic acid by laboratory-type ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This Maintenance Implementation plan has been developed for Pacific Northwest Laboratory`s (PNL) Nuclear Facilities: 306W, 324, 325, 327 and 329NMF. It is based on a graded approach, self-assessment of the existing maintenance program(s) per the requirements specified by US Department of Energy (DOE) Order 4330.4A, Chapter II, Change {number_sign}3. The results of this assessment were evaluated to determine needed improvements in PNL Craft Services` current maintenance program. The objective of this implementation plan is to provide baseline information for compliance to the DOE 4330.4A, and for needed improvements. The prime consideration in applying a graded approach to the Order has been to maintain safe and reliable operations, environmental compliance, safeguards and security, programmatic mission, facility preservation, and/or other facility-specific requirements. Using the results of the self-assessment, PNL has selected nine of the 18 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An analysis of the energy level structure of Cr3+ ions in Cs2NaAlF6 crystal is performed using the exchange charge model (ECM) together with the crystal field analysis/microscopic spin Hamiltonian (CFA/MSH) computer package. Utilizing the crystal structure data, our approach enables modelling of the crystal field parameters (CFPs) and thus the energy level structure for Cr3+ ions at the two crystallographically inequivalent sites in Cs2NaAlF6. Using the ECM initial adjustment procedure, the CFPs are calculated in the crystallographic axis system centred at the Cr3+ ion at each site. Additionally the CFPs are also calculated using the superposition model (SPM). The ECM and SPM predicted CFP values match very well. Consideration of the symmetry aspects for the so-obtained CFP datasets reveals that the latter axis system matches the symmetry-adapted axis system related directly to the six Cr-F bonds well. Using the ECM predicted CFPs as an input for the CFA/MSH ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The stability properties of a class of spacetimes with quasiregular singularities is discussed. Quasiregular singularities are the end points of incomplete, inextendible geodesics at which the Riemann tensor and its derivatives remain at least bounded in all parallel-propagated orthonormal (PPON) frames; observers approaching such a singularity would find that their world lines come to an end in a finite proper time. The Taub-NUT (Newman-Unti-Tamburino)-type cosmologies investigated are R"1 x T"3 and R"3 x S"1 flat Kasner spacetimes, the two-parameter family of spatially homogeneous but anisotropic Bianchi type-IX Taub-NUT spacetimes, and an infinite-dimensional family of Einstein-Rosen-Gowdy spacetimes studied by Moncrief. The behavior of matter near the quasiregular singularity in each of these spacetimes is explored through an examination of the behavior of the stress-energy tensors and scalars for conformally coupled and minimally coupled, massive and massless scalar waves as ...

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Carbalkoxylation of vinyl electrophiles was investigated using platinum complexes. This reaction occurs in two steps: (a) carbonyl insertion of {sigma}-vinyl Pt(II) halides and (b) alcoholysis of vinylic acyl Pt(II) complexes. Alcoholysis of vinylic acyl Pt(II) triflate complexes is investigated kinetically. Vinylic acyl Pt(II) complexes were isolated and characterized. 51 refs., 5 figs., 6 tabs.

Science.gov (United States)

... strategies. Computer and network security deals with cryptography, authentication, and attacks on software. Information ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Background: EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) inhibitors confer clinical benefit in metastatic colorectal cancer when combined with chemotherapy. An emerging strategy to improve outcomes in rectal cancer is to integrate biologically active, targeted agents as triple therapy into chemoradiation protocols. Material and methods: cetuximab and bevacizumab have now been incorporated into phase I-II studies of preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for rectal cancer. The rationale of these combinations, early efficacy and toxicity data, and possible molecular predictors for tumor response are reviewed. Computerized bibliographic searches of Pubmed were supplemented with hand searches of reference lists and abstracts of ASCO and ASTRO meetings. Results: the combination of cetuximab and CRT can be safely applied without dose compromises of the respective treatment components. Disappointingly low ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Background and purpose: A series of phase I/II clinical trials are being initiated in several UK centres to explore the use of dose-escalated schedules for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among them the IDEAL-CRT trial (ISRCTN12155469) will investigate the introduction of individualised 'isotoxic' treatment schedules based on the relative mean lung normalised total dose (rNTDmean), an estimator related to lung toxicity. Since treatment planning will be performed using different treatment planning systems (TPSs), for the quality assurance of the trial we have carried out work to quantify the influence of dose calculation algorithms based on the determination of rNTDmean and on the choice of individualised prescription doses. Material and methods: Twenty-five patient plans with stage I, II and III NSCLC were calculated, with the same prescription dose, using the Adaptive Convolve (AC) and Collapsed Cone ...

Science.gov (United States)

Twenty autopsy cases with 2009 pandemic influenza A (2009 H1N1) virus infection, performed between August 2009 and February 2010, were histopathologically analyzed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry for type A influenza nucleoprotein antigen, and real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for viral RNA were performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens. In addition, the D222G amino acid substitution in influenza virus hemagglutinin, which binds to specific cell receptors, was analyzed in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded trachea and lung sections by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified products. There were several histopathological patterns in the lung according to the most remarkable findings in each case: acute diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with a hyaline membrane (four cases), organized DAD (one case), acute massive intra-alveolar edema with variable degrees of hemorrhage (three cases), neutrophilic bronchopneumonia (five cases) and tracheobronchitis ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The electronic structure and properties of the cubic Laves phase (C15) compounds ZrZn/sub 2/ and ZrV/sub 2/ have been determined using our all-electron full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method for bulk solids. The computations were performed in two stages: (i) self-consistent warped muffin tin and (ii) self-consistent full potential. Spin-orbit coupling was included after either stage. The effects of the inclusion of the nonspherical terms inside the muffin tins on the eigenvalues is found to be small (of order 1 mRy). However, due to the fact that some of the bands near the Fermi level are flat, this effect leads to a much higher value of the density of states at E/sub F/ in ZnZr/sub 2/. The most important difference between the materials ZrZn/sub 2/ and ZrV/sub 2/ is the position of the d bands derived from the Zr and V atoms. Consequently, these materials have completely different Fermi surfaces. We ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A geochemical survey to assess and evaluate the Devonian oil shale resources of north Alabama, northwest Georgia, and south-central Tennessee has been performed. Information is provided on the location and extent of the more favorable kerogen-bearing Devonian shale, oil and uranium content of the shale, trace metal and standard rock analyses for shale, data on the physical properties of the shale rock, mineralogy of the shale, chemical properties of the oil, and other pertinent data deemed necessary for resource development. The results indicate that the oil yield from areas underlain by Chattanooga Shale can be divided into areas having greater than 7 g/t and areas having less than 7 g/t. In general, the oil yield by Fischer assay of samples from the folded Appalachian Valley and Ridge and the Appalachian Plateaus provinces is poor, all having less than 5 g/t and most samples closer to 0 g/t. The extreme variance of Fischer assay values in the Chattanooga Shale could be the result of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In 1972 a consortium consisting of Gebruder Sulzer A.G., Winterthur and EVT, Energie- und Verfahrenstechnik G.m.b.H., Stuttgart, was awarded the contract by HBR, Hochtemperatur Reaktorbau G.m.b.H., Koln/Mannheim, for the design, manufacture and installation of the 6 steam generator units for the prototype 300 MWe Thorium High Temperature Reactor (THTR) at Schmehausen, Germany. The design and manufacture of the 6 units is done by Sulzer; installation of the units as well as the manufacture of the external pipework and headers is done by EVT. The units are built under semiclean conditions in a special workshop at CCM-Sulzer in mantes, France. This workshop had been used previously for the manufacture of the steam generators for the nuclear power plants St. Laurent I, II, Vandellos (500 Mwe each) and EL-4 (70 Mwe). The present paper defines the operating conditions and the chemical composition of the materials used, including Alloy 800. Reasons ...

Science.gov (United States)

Material related to routine as well as sensitive aspects of parent/day care center relationships is presented in this training module, one of a series providing staff development information for programs operated for dependents of military personnel. The module offers a brief discussion of ways caregivers can help parents feel at ease about leaving their children in child care and presents a set of multiple-choice skill-building exercises for effectively working with parents. Exercises focus on various topics, including how parents can be approached when their child may have a health problem, when child abuse or neglect is suspected, and when parental cooperation is needed to stop a child's undesirable or disruptive behavior. Exercises are also devoted to the questions of whether or not caregivers should act as advisors to parents or tell parents about their child's behavior at the center. Concluding exercises indicate how caregivers can handle parent requests for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A study has been made of the precipitation and growth processes which occur during cooling from solution treatment and under isothermal hold conditions in a magnesia-partially-stabilized zirconia alloy. Three types of precipitate have been identified which develop during cooling or during isothermal hold treatments just above and below the eutectoid temperature. These precipitate forms are termed (i) primary, (ii) large random, and (iii) secondary. Further precipitation, slow growth of existing precipitates, and subeutectoid decomposition result when an additional 1100/sup 0/C aging treatment is given to the previously cooled material. It is shown that type (iii) secondary precipitates from rapidly within the temperature range of 1300/sup 0/ to 1375/sup 0/C. The secondary precipitates are largely responsible for the improved room-temperature strength properties of the heat-treated samples. The formation and effects on mechanical properties of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Argentina has two operating PHWR nuclear power plants. Atucha I NPP is a pressure vessel type heavy water reactor of 360 MW e with 25 years of operation and Embalse NPP is a pressure tube type CANDU-600 reactor of 640 MW e. Atucha II, a third plant of 600 MW e of the pressure vessel type similar to Atucha I, is being constructed. NASA (Nucleoelectrica Argentina S.A.) currently operates both nuclear power plants. The National Atomic Energy Commission (Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica - CNEA) provides operational support to the plants, including research and development assistance, and actual technical services and maintenance work in different areas. The Chemistry Department, formerly the Reactor Chemistry Department has carried out project and support activities to the plants during the past 20 years. The aim of this work is to describe the present organization and the activities in reactor chemistry of the Chemistry Department. In particular, the projects to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The weldability and high temperature strength properties of tungsten-inert-gas (TIG) weldments of Hastelloy alloy XR were investigated by using two different heats of filler metals; the first (HXRF1) was designed on the basis of multiple regression analysis; the second (HXRF2) was the reference material. Bend tests, the FISCO cracking test and optical metallography were used to evaluate weldability. Tensile and creep tests were performed at 900deg C to evaluate high temperature strength properties. The results of weldability tests for both alloys showed good performance. The tensile properties of the weldments were remarkably improved in particular with respect to high temperature ductility. The creep rupture strength in the weldments made with alloy-designed HXRF1 was much higher than those of the Hastelloy alloy XR-II base metal with a higher B content. Furthermore, the creep properties were stable with respect to variations in welding ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The overall objective of the study in this report was to gather data on waste management technologies to allow comparison of various alternatives for managing municipal solid waste (MSW). The specific objectives of the study were to: 1. Compile detailed data for existing waste management technologies on costs, environmental releases, energy requirements and production, and coproducts such as recycled materials and compost. Identify missing information necessary to make energy, economic, and environmental comparisons of various MSW management technologies, and define needed research that could enhance the usefulness of the technology. 3. Develop a data base that can be used to identify the technology that best meets specific criteria defined by a user of the data base. Volume I contains the report text. Volume II contains supporting exhibits. Volumes III through X are appendices, each addressing a specific MSW management technology. Volumes XI ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experience at SRS, ORNL, BNL, and Georgia Institute of Technology involving irradiated aluminum clad fuel and target elements, as well as studies of non-irradiated aluminum indicate that some types of aluminum assemblies can be kept in a continually well-deionized water atmosphere for up to 25 years without problems. SRS experience ranges from 2.75 years for the L-1.1 charge kept in deionized D{sub 2}O{sup 1} to greater than 10 years for assemblies stored in the Receiving Basin for Off-site Fuel (RBOF){sup 2}. Experience at Georgia Institute of Technology reactor in Atlanta yielded the longest value of 25 years without problems. The common denominators in all of the reports is that the water is continually deionized to approximately 2 M{Omega} (2 {times} 10{sup 6}ohms) resistivity and the containers for the water are stainless steel or other non-porous material. This resistivity value is equivalent to a value of 0.5 micromhos or microSiemens conductivity and is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In front of the risks linked with the increase of the greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, the decision makers must take into consideration first, the scientific advice of climatic change experts, and second, the considerable inertia of the climatic system. Thus, any action implemented so far will have an impact all along the 21. century and later whatever the future human activities. The aim of this memento is to sensibilize the decision makers about the possible consequences of their choice in terms of volume of greenhouse gases and of medium- and long-term evolution: 1 - stakes, role of local decision-makers (greenhouse effect and climatic change, France's international commitment, stakes, liabilities of local decision makers, decentralization laws, local plans of fight against greenhouse effect, public information and dialogue); 2 - urbanism and transports (urban displacements, alternatives to individual cars, collective ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The background for this paper is a growing interest during the past decade in Denmark in the concepts of ?situated learning?, ?social theory of learning? and ?learning in communities of practice? developed by the American social anthropologist Jean Lave and the Californian Research Scientist Etienne Wenger. The work by Jean Lave from 1988 (Lave, 1988) based on anthropological field studies in Brazil and Liberia as well as later works by Lave & Wenger (Lave and Wenger, 1991; Chaiklin and Lave, 1993; Wenger, 1998; Wenger, McDermott, R. and W. Snyder, 2002) on situated learning and social learning theory have provoked considerable response in anthropological studies, in learning theories as well asin considerations about practical implementation of concepts like ?lifelong learning? in Denmark in recent decades. The European concept of ?lifelong learning? has had a big impact on educational thinking, including teacher education. In addition to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto a non-activated charcoal (CC) of oak wood origin was studied in comparison with an activated carbon of coal origin. The adsorption capacity for Pb(II) of the non-activated charcoal increased significantly with deceasing particle diameter, whereas the activated carbon (AC) exhibited approximately constant capacity for Pb(II) adsorption as a function of particle size. Adsorption to the ashes prepared from the non-activated charcoal and the activated carbon was also investigated to examine the role of mineral ash. Although the ash from the activated carbon did not show any Pb(II) adsorption, the ash from the charcoal was very effective for Pb(II) adsorption. Furthermore, Pb(II) was hardly adsorbed when the ash was removed from the non-activated charcoal by acid treatment. Based on the results, the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text of publication follows: Slightly over-stoichiometric lithium orthosilicate pebbles have been selected as one optional breeder material for the European Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) blanket. This material has been developed in collaboration of Research Center Karlsruhe and the Schott Glass, Mainz. The lithium orthosilicate pebbles are fabricated from lithium hydroxide and silica by a melting and spraying method in a semi-industrial scale facility. Lithium hydroxide was selected as the precursor since enriched lithium hydroxide is commercially available. The lithium orthosilicate pebbles produced by the process contains oxide phases besides orthosilicate, but it was also found that the oxide phases can be decomposed by annealing at high temperatures. The lithium orthosilicate pebbles produced in this way possesses satisfactory pebble characteristics. Therefore, the authors performed out-of-pile annealing tests using the lithium ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Analyses of process system properties were continued for important chemical materials involved in the several processes under consideration for semiconductor and solar cell grade silicon production. Major activities were devoted to physical, thermodynamic and transport property data for silicon. Property data are reported for vapor pressure heat of vaporization, heat of sublimation, liquid heat capacity and solid heat capacity as a function of temperature to permit rapid usage in engineering. Chemical engineering analysis of the HSC process (Hemlock Semiconductor Corporation) for production of silicon was initiated. The process is based on hydrogen reduction of dichlorosilane (DCS) to produce the polysilicon. The chemical vapor deposition reaction for DCS is faster in rate than the conventional process route which utilizes trichlorosilane (TCS) as the silicon raw material. Status and progress are reported for primary ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis is a method, which has many advantages for analysing various historic artefacts, as it is relatively cheap, sensitive and non-destructive, and it allows measurements in-situ. However, this analysis has also certain limitations especially concerning sensitivity to chemical elements only, irrespective of the compounds or chemical forms in which these elements have been bonded. In addition, light elements emitting very soft X-rays cannot be measured, and in order to detect a wide range of elements, it is necessary to carry out repeated measurements with different radiation sources. Despite these limitations, valuable information can be obtained about the composition of historic materials and data about the origin and age of these artefacts can be derived. Analyses of wall paintings, ancient metal sculptures or other objects of art provide the basis for historic considerations documented in our results for ...

CERN Document Server

(abridged) The accretion disk in AGN is expected to produce strong outflows, in particular a UV-line driven wind. Despite providing a good fit to the data, current spectral models of the X-ray spectrum of AGN observed through an accretion disk wind are ad-hoc in their treatment of the properties of the wind material. In order to address these limitations we adopt a numerical computation method that links a series of radiative transfer calculations, incorporating the effect of a global velocity field in a self-consistent manner (XSCORT). We present a series of example spectra from the XSCORT code that allow us to examine the shape of AGN X-ray spectra seen through a wind, for a range of velocity and density distributions, total column densities and initial ionization parameters. These detailed spectral models clearly show considerable complexity and structure that is strongly affected by all these factors. The presence of sharp features in the ...

Environmental Research Database

Summary'THE ROLE OF THE UK PLANNING SYSTEM IN PROTECTING AND ENHANCING SOILS PROJECT REF: UKLQ01 APRIL 2004 INTRODUCTION Soil has long been overlooked in environmental planning. Whilst it has sometimes benefited from indirect protection, until recently its importance and vulnerability have not been reflected in more explicit strategies. This study explored the current and potential role of the planning system in protecting and enhancing soils. Soil is the physical material that covers much o [continued...]DescriptionSNIFFER has commissioned this study on behalf of SEPA, SNH, EHS and the Environment Agency for England and Wales. These UK agencies have an interest in protecting soil quality through a combination of direct regulation of emissions to land, protection of designated sites of special value or sensitivity and engaging other regulatory regimes such as land use planning. All UK environment agencies devote considerable resources to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electrochemical performance and structural properties of the high-voltage cathode material Li{sub 2}CoPO{sub 4}F have been investigated. The cyclic voltammetry and coulometry under potential step mode in the voltage range 3.0-5.1 V vs. Li revealed a structural transformation at potentials above 4.8 V. This transformation occurring upon Li-extraction appears to be irreversible: the subsequent Li-insertion does not result in restoration of the initial structure, but takes place within a new ''modified'' framework. According to the structure refinement this modification involves the mutual rotations of (CoO{sub 4}F{sub 2}) octahedra and (PO{sub 4}) tetrahedra accompanied by the considerable unit cell expansion which is expected to enhance the Li-transport upon subsequent cycling. The new framework demonstrates a reversible Li-insertion/extraction in a solid-solution regime with stabilized discharge capacity at ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The relationship between the gas to melt ratio (GMR) and the surface temperature of an evolving billet surface in spray forming is investigated numerically. The basis for the analysis is an integrated approach for modelling the entire spray forming process. This model includes the droplet atomization taking thermal coupling into consideration and the deposition of material at the surface of the billet taking geometrical aspects such as shading into account. The coupling between these two models is accomplished by ensuring that the total droplet size distribution of the spray is the summation of ''local'' droplet size distributions along the r-axis of the spray cone. The criterion for a successful process has been a predefined process window characterised by a desired fraction solid range at a certain distance from the atomizer. Inside this process window, the gas and melt flows have been varied and the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report contains the document control information and abstracts for Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) Photovoltaic (PV) Program publications resulting from SERI's subcontracted PV research. The information is presented for reports published or distributed from August 1 through December 31, 1990. In the past, copies of the subcontractor reports were distributed to a broad spectrum of researchers in the field of photovoltaics at a considerable cost to the program. In an attempt to reduce costs and ensure that all researchers receive those current publications that are of specific interest to them, this report will outline these publications, organized by technology, on a regular basis. A list of additional publications and sources is included herein to provide the photovoltaic community with other sources of information. All of the documents represented here are available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) and can be purchased ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text.Increased environmental concerns and the emphasis on material and energy recovery are gradually changing the orientation of municipal solid waste (MSW) management and planning. In this context, the application of optimization techniques have been introduced to design the least cost solid waste management systems, considering the variety of management processes (recycling, composting, anaerobic digestion, incineration and land filling) and the existence of uncertainties associated with the number of system components and their interrelations. This study presents a model that was developed and applied to serve as a solid socio-economic and environmental considerations. The model accounts for solid waste generation rates, composition, collection, treatment, disposal as well as potential environmental impacts of various MSW management techniques. The model follows a linear programming formulation with the framework of dynamic ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radiation damage of the final optical components in an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) reactor is a crucial issue for development of a laser-fusion reactor. To some extent, this problem will be encountered in the National Ignition Facility (NIF), but there, the integrated radiation dose will be considerably less than that encountered in a future reactor. This extremely harsh radiation environment necessitates shielding the ICF optics from direct neutron and x-ray bombardment. Several approaches have been suggested, such as the use of grazing incidence metal mirrors or fused silica wedge deflectors. While metal mirrors can withstand a larger radiation dose, their focusing qualities pose problems. Therefore wedge deflectors, originally suggested by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) staff, represent a promising alternative. Radiation hardening of the fused silica deflectors using a new combined thermal/optical annealing approach is examined here as a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The bullet evidence in the JFK assassination investigation was reexamined from metallurgical and statistical standpoints. The questioned specimens are comprised of soft lead, possibly from full-metal-jacketed Mannlicher-Carcano, 6.5-mm ammunition. During lead refining, contaminant elements are removed to specified levels for a desired alloy or composition. Microsegregation of trace and minor elements during lead casting and processing can account for the experimental variabilities measured in various evidentiary and comparison samples by laboratory analysts. Thus, elevated concentrations of antimony and copper at crystallographic grain boundaries, the widely varying sizes of grains in Mannlicher-Carcano bullet lead, and the 5-60 mg bullet samples analyzed for assassination intelligence effectively resulted in operational sampling error for the analyses. This deficiency was not considered in the original data interpretation and resulted in an invalid conclusion in favor of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Technical developments in the construction of high power accelerators have created new research activities on accelerator-driven transmutation technologies (ADTT) with main applications for energy production and nuclear waste transmutation. The on-going research was reported and discussed at the conference. The studies of energy production based on ADTT indicate possible important advantages compared to the present nuclear power reactors. Natural Uranium or Thorium is burned in a subcritical reactor with or without simultaneous incineration and transmutation of nuclear waste. High level radioactive wastes and weapons Plutonium constitute an environmental and proliferation problem. Studies were reported on the possibilities to use ADTT to considerably shorten the life-time and reduce the amount of long-lived radioactive waste in order to decrease the volumes needed for long-term geologic deposition. A panel discussed the ADTT impact on nuclear waste disposal, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Increase usage of magnesium components in the portable electronics industries has propelled considerable research interest on the development of magnesium forging. There have been some studies done in the area of sheet metal forming and forging of axis-symmetrical parts of magnesium alloys but there are very little work done on the plane strain backward extrusion of magnesium alloy. This paper deals with the analysis of plane strain extrusion of magnesium alloy, AZ31, using numerical modeling at different extrusion conditions of temperatures and friction coefficients. A commercially available finite element package, ANSYS/LSDYNA, was used in the finite element analysis. FE simulated results, material deformation, punch force and stress/strain distributions, were compared with actual experimental data. From the numerical analysis, a decrease in forging temperature from 300 C to 250 C will lead to a moderate increase in forming resistance. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fe-Cu binary alloys are often used to mimic the behaviour of reactor pressure vessel steels. Their study allows identifying some of the defects responsible for irradiation-induced hardening. But recently the influence of manganese and nickel in low-Cu steels has been found to be important as well. In contrast with existing models found in the literature, which predict that hardening saturates after a certain dose, Fe alloys containing nickel and manganese irradiated in a material test reactor (BR2) show a continuous increase of hardening, up to doses equivalent to about 40 years of operation. Considerations based on positron annihilation spectroscopy analyses suggest that the main objects causing hardening in Cu-free alloys are most probably self-interstitial clusters decorated with manganese. In low-Cu reactor pressure vessel steels and in Fe-CuMnNi alloys, the main effect is still due to Cu-rich precipitates at low doses, but the role of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Fresnel solar collector is a promising concept to reduce the electricity cost price in solar thermal power plants. The optical performance of a Fresnel collector depends on material properties, on its geometric layout and on the level of optical accuracy that can be obtained. A variety of geometric parameters, e.g. the height of the absorber, the number, size and distance of primary mirrors in.uence the shading and blocking of rays and the amount of rays missing the absorber. To evaluate the in.uence of the parameter variation regarding the electricity cost price and to yield an optimization, the optical performance is assessed with an annual simulation based on hourly weather-data. To permit a consideration of changes in collector cost according to different geometric layouts, cost factors where allocated to geometric parameters. The paper presents the method and the simulation results of the optimization under different boundary ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Melt Vessel Interaction (MVI) project is concerned with the consequences of the interactions that a core melt, generated during a postulated severe accident in a light water reactor, may have with the pressure vessel. In particular, the issues concerned with the failure of the vessel bottom head are the focus of the research. The specific objectives of the project are to obtain data and develop validated models, which could be applied to prototypic plants, and accident conditions, for resolution of issues related to the melt vessel interactions. The project work has been performed by nine partners having varied responsibility. The work included a large number of experiments, with simulant materials, whose observations and results are employed, respectively, to understand the physical mechanisms and to develop validated models. Applications to the prototypic geometry and conditions have also been performed. This report is volume 1 of the Final Report for the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study, Cu{sub 2}O/Cu composite particles were synthesized using an innovative chemical reduction method without any template and surfactant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the product mainly consisted of Cu{sub 2}O phase coexisting with a Cu phase. FE-SEM images showed that the octahedral shaped particles were Cu{sub 2}O. The electrochemical performance of the Cu{sub 2}O/Cu particles was investigated with regards to the working electrode material in alkaline solution. The particles had a maximum discharge capacity of 222.9 mAh/g at a discharge current density of 60 mA/g and a high value of 109.1 mAh/g after 50 charge-discharge cycles. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the reaction between Cu{sub 2}O and Cu is the major electrochemical reaction during the charging and discharging process. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the formation of Cu{sub 2}O on the surface of Cu particles increased the contact resistance and the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The procedure and operation-by-operation methods of the quality control of structural and fuel materials, mixed fuel pellets of UO_2-PuO_2, fuel element cans made of the AISI-316 steel and ready fuel elements are described as well as spacer wires (steel AISI-316), cases of fuel assemblies (FA) and completed FAs. The methods are used in manifacturing fuel elements and FAs for the FFTF reactor. The RDT standards that regulate the structure and functioning of the system of fuel element and FA production management are outlined. Destructive analytical methods characterized by sufficient accuracy but low productivity are noted to represent a considerable share of operations. Some specialized means of nondestructive testing are developed, such as the gauge to measure the total plutonium content in a fuel element, neutron radiography deVice and a laser gauge to measure the FA dimensions. The experience gained served as a basis for designing the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experimental and theoretical research has been conducted jointly at the Livermore and Los Alamos National laboratories on dc electromagnetic railgun Lorentz accelerators. Pellets weighing a few grams to tens of grams have been launched at velocities up to better than 11 km/s. The research is addressed to attaining repeated launches of samples at hypervelocity in target impact experiments. In these experiments, shock-induced pressures in the tens of megabars range are obtained for high pressure equation-of-state research. Primary energy sources of the order of several hundred kJ to a MJ and induction currents of the order of 1 or more MA are necessary for these launches. Erosion and deformation of the conductor rails and the accelerated sample material are continuing problems. The heating, stress, and erosion resulting from simultaneous imposition of rail induction current, dense plasma (armature) interaction, current distribution, magnetic field stresses and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report describes the combustion experiments performed using the SP Industry Calorimeter. In addition to measuring parameters such as heat release rate (HRR), mass loss rate, effective heat of combustion and smoke obscuration, considerable effort was put into the characterisation of the smoke gases in order to obtain a basis for evaluations of the toxic potency of the smoke. The materials studied were Nylon 66, polypropene, polystyrene (with and without fire retardant, respectively), PVC and chlorobenzene. A total of 19 large-scale, well ventilated combustions were carried out. The mass of sample burned ranged from 20 kg to 125 kg in an experiment. A procedure was designed for cleaning the smoke gas duct between experiments and was found to be effective. Measurements were carried out for the amounts of O{sub 2}, CO{sub 2}, CO, NO{sub x}, THC (unburned hydrocarbons), HCN, HCl, NH{sub 3} and individual organic compounds in the smoke. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Background. A change in practice at our institution resulted in increased use of anesthesia for CT scan of the chest in children who required sedation. Objective. To determine whether there is a difference in the frequency or severity of pulmonary atelectasis on CT scan in children sedated by anesthesiologists compared with children sedated by radiologists using intravenous pentobarbital. Materials and methods. Retrospective blinded review of 60 CT scans of the chest performed in 41 children. Forty-one studies in children sedated by radiologists (median age 29 months) were compared with 19 studies in children sedated by anesthesiologists (median age 25 months). Results. Atelectasis sufficient to obscure pulmonary metastases was shown in 5 of 41 (12 %) radiology sedations and 13 of 19 (68 %) anesthesiology sedations (P < 0.01). Higher grades of atelectasis were recorded in children under anesthesia (P < 0.01). Conclusion. Atelectasis is more frequent and more ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Experimentally investigated nuclear reactions for production of no-carrier-added "7"7Br and "7"7Kr were critically surveyed. The survey covered nine reactions for the formation of "7"7Br and six reactions for "7"7Kr. Both radionuclides are simultaneously produced in many of the studied nuclear processes. The experimental data were compared with the results of nuclear model calculations based on the computer code ALICE-IPPE and the third version of TALYS-based Evaluated Nuclear Data Library, TENDL-2010. Good agreement was found over extended energy regions for the p-, "3He- and #alpha#-particle induced reactions on several target materials. In case of d-induced reactions, however, considerable discrepancies were noted between the experimental and theoretical data. The concordant sets of experimental cross section data for each reaction were fitted by a polynomial function to obtain a trend curve. From the thus obtained trend curves the yields of ...

CERN Document Server

Materials science and technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An exact cosmological solution of Einstein's equations which has time-dependent rotation is presented. The t-constant sections are of Bianchi type II. The source of this geometry is a fluid which has not been thermalized. (Author).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Exposure of albumin to Cu(II) (10-100 microM) and ascorbate (0.1-2 mM) results in extensive molecular modifications, indicated by decreased fluorescence and chain breaks. The rate of utilization of...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and B-cell growth factors I and II (BCGF I and BCGF II) are lymphokines produced by T cells that play a major role in T- and B-cell cooperation. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this article are presented main results on electric potential investigations in stellarator/torsatron TJ-II and tokamak T-10 in a comparable regimes of device operation.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

New palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of saccharinate (sac), trans-[Pd(py)"2(sac)"2] (1), cis-[Pt(py)"2(sac)"2] (2), trans-[Pd(3-acpy)"2(sac)"2] (3) and cis-[Pt(3-acpy)"2(sac)"2] (4) (py=pyridine and 3-acpy=3-acetylpyridine) have been synthesized. Elemental analysis, UV-Vis, IR, NMR and TG/DTA characterizations have been carried out. The structures of 1-4 were determined by X-ray diffraction. The palladium(II) and platinum(II) ions are coordinated by two N-bonded sac ligands, and two nitrogen atoms of py or 3-acpy, forming a distorted square-planar geometry. The palladium(II) complexes (1 and 3) are trans isomers, while the platinum(II) complexes (2 and 4) are cis isomers. The mononuclear species in the solid state are connected by weak intermolecular C-H...O hydrogen bonds, C-H...@...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe binding of peptide fragments of antigens to class II MHC is a crucial step in initiating a helper T cell immune response. The identification of such peptide epitopes...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundPromoter region plays an important role in determining where the transcription of a particular gene should be initiated. Computational prediction of eukaryotic Pol II promoter...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The biosorption of lead (II) and copper (II) ions, single component and binary systems, by dried P. putida was investigated in a batch system. The effects of initial pH, temperature, initial single and binary mixture concentrations on the biosorption kinetics and equilibrium uptake of each component, both single and binary mixtures were investigated. The bacterial biomass exhibited the highest single and binary lead (II) and copper (II) ions uptake capacity at 25 and 30 deg. C, respectively, the initial pH value of 5.5 and at the initial metal ions concentration of 100 mg dm{sup -3}. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium and isotherm constants were evaluated at different temperatures. Adsorption data were well described by the Langmuir model, although they could be modeled by the Freundlich equation. The thermodynamics ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ATP-binding cassette A3 (ABCA3) is a lipid transport protein required for synthesis and storage of pulmonary surfactant in type II cells in the alveoli. Abca3 was conditionally deleted...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cytokinesis in animal and fungal cells utilizes a contractile actomyosin ring (AMR). However, how myosin II is targeted to the division site and promotes AMR assembly, and how the AMR coordinates with...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Photobilirubin II, a stereoisomer of bilirubin, binds to human serum albumin at a single binding site (K = 2.2 x 10(6)M-1), presumably the high-affinity bilirubin-binding site. Binding in the secondary...Full Text Available

Wastenet

ii) Flammability: (iii) A capacity to oxidise: (iv) Corrosiveness: (v) Toxicity (including chronic ...an explosion or fire: (d) For substances with corrosive properties: (i) To reduce the ...likelihood of any unintended corrosion:(ii) To control the adverse effects of any corrosion:

Science.gov (United States)

... Materials (PREM) Synopsis of Program: The objective of PREM is to enhance diversity in materials ... careers in materials research. The Partnerships for Research and Education in Materials (PREM ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Materials Research - Major Instrumentation Project (IMR-MIP) program in the Division of Materials ... for materials preparation and characterization essential for researchers studying materials in a ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Materials Development Program TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS Elementary - High School ... of technology education materials through its Instructional Materials Development (IMD) program. The ...