British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The impacts of the availability of low-carbon technologies on the regional distribution of mitigation costs are analyzed in a global multi-regional integrated assessment model. Three effects on regional consumption losses are distinguished: domestic measures, trade of fossil energy carriers and trade of emission permits. Key results are: (i) GDP losses and a redirection of investments in the energy system towards capital-intensive technologies are major contributions to regional consumption losses. (ii) A devaluation of tradable fossil energy endowments contributes largely to the mitigation costs of fossil fuel exporters. (iii) In case of reduced availability of low-carbon technologies, the permit market volume and associated monetary redistributions increase. The results suggest that the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... ked by ! I ; II III IV Table 4. Temperatute distributions along the fuel rod at a

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The distribution of the alkaline earth elements strontium and barium between the solid phases of phosphates of transition elements of group 4 and chloride melts was studied. The distribution coefficients of strontium and barium were found at T = 700-800/sup 0/C. Phosphates of the type NaM/sub 2//sup (IV)/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/, where M/sub (IV)/ represents titanium, zirconium, and hafnium, were used as the solid phases. It was established that there is an enrichment of the precipitates with the distributed components. The distribution coefficient depends on the nature of the solid phase and the temperature. It was suggested that M/sup (II)/ x M/sub 4//sup (IV)/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 6/ is formed in processes of distribution, where M/sup (II)/ represents Sr, Ba.

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The report was prepared for the IPCC by Working Group II. The remit of Working Group II was to describe the environmental and socioeconomic implications of possible climate changes over the next decades caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. The scenarios used include the following features: an effective doubling of atmospheric CO{sub 2} between now and 2025-2050; a consequent increase of global mean temperature of 1.5-4.5{degree}C; an unequal global distribution of the temperature increase; a sea level rise of 0.3 to 0.5m by 2050. The impacts of possible climate change were assessed for the following: agriculture and forestry; natural terrestrial ecosystems; hydrology and water resources; human settlements including the energy, transport and industrial sectors; human health; air quality and changes in UV-B radiation; oceans and coastal zones; seasonal snow cover; ice and permafrost. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The mass distribution of the Sombrero Galaxy, NGC 4594, is calculated in order to investigate the suspicion that the rotational velocity of the galactic gas does not measure the circular velocity in the galaxy. It is shown that the H II rotation velocities are much less than circular in the central 35 arcsec of the galaxy, and that the suspicion is correct. Thus, the H II rotation velocities cannot be used to measure the mass distribution. The absorption-line rotation curve is used to derive the mass distribution, and it is found that the M/L ratio is nearly constant. It is concluded that the visible matter is self-gravitating at least in the central 180 arcsec. 44 references.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this research project is to demonstrate sensing, communication, information and control technologies to achieve a seamless integration of multivendor distributed energy resource (DER) units at aggregation levels that meet individual user requirements for facility operations (residential, commercial, industrial, manufacturing, etc.) and further serve as resource options for electric and natural gas utilities. The fully demonstrated DER aggregation system with embodiment of communication and control technologies will lead to real-time, interactive, customer-managed service networks to achieve greater customer value. Work on this Advanced Communication and Control Project (ACCP) consists of a two-phase approach for an integrated demonstration of communication and control technologies to achieve a seamless integration of DER units to reach progressive levels of aggregated power output. Phase I involved design and proof-of-design, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electro Energy, Inc. conducted a research project to develop an energy efficient and environmentally friendly bipolar Ni-MH battery for distributed energy storage applications. Rechargeable batteries with long life and low cost potentially play a significant role by reducing electricity cost and pollution. A rechargeable battery functions as a reservoir for storage for electrical energy, carries energy for portable applications, or can provide peaking energy when a demand for electrical power exceeds primary generating capabilities.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Monthly Energy Review provides an overview of the production, distribution, and consumption of energy derived from petroleum natural gas, coal, electricity, and nuclear energy. It also discusses oil and gas resource development, energy prices, and issues relevant to international energy markets.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ion Beam Induced Luminescence (IBIL) and Ion Beam Induced Charge Collection (IBICC) have been applied in the study of the luminescence emission efficiency and investigation of the homogeneity of the luminescence emission in phosphors. The IBIL imaging was performed by using sharply focused ion beams or broad/partially-focused ion beams. The luminescence emission homogeneity in samples was examined to reveal possible distributed crystal-defects that may lead to the inhomogeneity of the luminescence emission in samples.The purpose of the study is to search for suitable luminescent thin films that have high homogeneity of luminescence emission, large IBIL efficiency under heavy ion excitation, and can be placed as a thin layer on the top of microelectronic devices to be analyzed with Ion Photon Emission Microscopy (IPEM). The emission yield was found to be low for organic materials, due to saturation of the light output dependence on the energy ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A general expression for the current-density distribution of a focused-ion beam (FIB) in the chromatic-aberration region is set up in the form of a definite integral. With the experimentally obtained ion-energy distribution of a liquid-metal ion source, its contribution to the FIB current-density distribution is estimated. Calculated results explain the wide-exponential tail of a FIB.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In order to study the intragenic profiles of active transcription, we determined the relative levels of active RNA polymerase II present at the 3′- and 5′-ends of 261 yeast genes by...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The coherent flucton model is applied to the description of some basic nuclear properties, such as: ground state energies, bond energies, nucleon momentum spectra, and nuclear density distributions. It is shown that the momentum distributions of the nucleons coincide with the Fermi distribution for small momenta and exhibit a well pronounced high energy ''tail'', thus providing inclusive reactions of pi-meson generations in kinematically forbidden areas at nucleon-nucleon collisions. Analytical expressions for the bond energy and nuclear density distribution are derived. An agreement with the experimentally obtained data is achieved. The model features are discussed referring to the processes, characterized mainly by the geometric and dynamic properties of the nuclei, as well as by ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose/Objective: With the advent of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the three dimensional representation of the patient anatomy has become an invaluable resource for better diagnosis and delineation of the target volume and sensitive structures in radiation therapy. Although the therapeutic linear accelerator industry has made available highly sophisticated equipment, the aggressiveness in dose prescription and delivery has to be complimented by accurate dose computation methods. We have adopted a convolution/superposition algorithm for the calculation of absolute dose that fully accounts for the external shape and internal structure of the patient for photon treatment radiotherapy. In this paper, we will discuss the principles of the convolution algorithm and we will show how the computed dose compares to clinically relevant treatment techniques. Materials and Methods: A computer controlled data acquisition system and a water tank where used to measure depth ...

CERN Document Server

We outline to the community the value of a Magellanic Clouds Survey that consists of three components: I) a complete-area, high resolution, multi-band UV-near-IR broadband survey; II) a narrowband survey in 7 key nebular filters to cover a statistically significant sample of representative HII regions and a large-area, contiguous survey of the diffuse, warm ISM; and III) a comprehensive FUV spectroscopic survey of 1300 early-type stars. The science areas enabled by such a dataset are as follows: A) assessment of massive star feedback in both HII regions and the diffuse, warm ISM; B) completion of a comprehensive study of the 30 Doradus giant extragalactic HII region (GEHR); C) development and quantitative parameterization of stellar clustering properties; D) extensive FUV studies of early-type stellar atmospheres and their energy distributions; and E) similarly extensive FUV absorption-line studies of molecular cloud ...

CERN Document Server

Using a sample of 122 million Upsilon(3S) events recorded with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at SLAC, we search for the h_b(1P) spin-singlet partner of the P-wave chi_b(1P) states in the sequential decay Upsilon(3S) --> pi0 h_b(1P), h_b(1P) --> gamma eta_b(1S). We observe an excess of events above background in the distribution of the recoil mass against the pi0 at mass 9902 +/- 4 (stat.) +/- 1 (syst.) MeV/c^2. The width of the observed signal is consistent with experimental resolution, and its significance is 3.0 sigma, including systematic uncertainties. We obtain the value (3.7 +/- 1.1 (stat.) +/- 0.7 (syst.))x 10^{-4} for the product branching fraction BF(Upsilon(3S) --> pi0 h_b) x BF(h_b --> gamma eta_b).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The formation of the ions charge and energy distributions of the ions slowed down or randomly changing their charge in the collisions with the medium particles are studied. The effect of the ions dispersion by the charge on the Bragg curve form is investigated. The proposed diffusion approximation for the heavy ions kinetic equation makes it possible to determine simply the parameters of the ions distribution by charge and energy on the whole way of the ions motion. The relation between the ions charge distribution characteristics and the cross sections of the ionization-recombination processes is indicated. The ions distributions, calculated in the proposed analytical model, are compared with the results of the numerical calculations. Good agreement between the analytical, numerical and experimental results is obtained

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... alpha reactions angular distribution energy-level transitions iridium 185 iridium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The palladium(II) and platinum(II)complexes(where, (M(L){sub 2}X{sub 2}), M=Pd(II), Pt(II); L=isoxazole (isox), 3, 5-dimethylisoxazole(3, 5-diMeisox), 3-methyl, 5-phenylisoxazole(3-Me, 5-Ph-isox), and 4-amino-3, 5-di-methylisoxazole (4-ADI); X=Cl, Br) with isoxazole and its derivatives were investigated on antitumor activity by MM2 and EHMO calculation. Because for all the complexes the {sigma}MO energy level (E{sub {sigma}}{sub (M-X)} between d{sub x}{sup 2}{sub -y}{sup 2} orbital of central metal and p{sub x} orbital of halogen atom is less than {sigma}MO energy level E{sub {sigma}}{sub (M-N)} between d{sub x}{sup 2}{sub -y}{sup 2} orbital of central metal and p{sub x} orbital of N atom, without exception. And judging, from the lower E{sub {sigma}}{sub (M-X)} value in trans, the bonding strength was found to be weaker in trans isomer than in cis. For the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The answer to the title is ''NO''. The authors investigate the low energy particle spectra of type-II superstring theory after compactification to 4 dimensional space-time by means of the super Kac-Moody algebra as well as the twisted super Kac-Moody algebra. They show that there is no solution containing all of the particle contents in the standard model.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The biosorption characteristics of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution using the green alga (Ulva lactuca) biomass were investigated as a function of pH, biomass dosage, contact time, and temperature. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of the metal ions by U. lactuca biomass. Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The monolayer biosorption capacity of U. lactuca biomass for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions was found to be 34.7 mg/g and 29.2 mg/g, respectively. From the D-R isotherm model, the mean free energy was calculated as 10.4 kJ/mol for Pb(II) biosorption and 9.6 kJ/mol for Cd(II) biosorption, indicating that the biosorption of both metal ions was taken place by chemisorption. The calculated thermodynamic parameters ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The distribution of activation energies ..delta.. for classical over-the-barrier hopping is computed for a model amorphous metal. The spread in ..delta.. is determined by the variation in equilibrium-site and saddle-point sizes for the assumed model of dense random packing (DRP) of soft spheres. The size distribution is related to the radial distribution function in a manner which reproduces recent numerical results for the interstitials in DRP models. Size (distance) variation in general is related to energy variation by the form of the potential energy V(r). We show, however, that the distribution of equilibrium-site energies can be related directly to the impurity-induced lattice expansion and bulk modulus without detailed knowledge of V(r). The form of V(r) is necessary for the saddle-point ...

Science.gov (United States)

Aug 15, 2002 ... In Section II, we describe the routing and transceiver power model used ... In our power model, we assume a certain non-zero minimum level of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Supernova explosions within wind-driven bubbles are studied with 2D hydrodynamical calculations. Two different density distributions for the ejecta are considered: (i) a smooth, unfragmented power-law stratification, and (ii) a fragmented distribution. As in 1D models, the presence of the shell of interstellar swept-up matter causes the rapid evolution of the remnant to the radiative phase. The main 2D effects, for both fragmented and unfragmented ejecta, include: (i) substantial chaotic deviations from a purely radial flow in the remnant interior, (ii) efficient turbulent mixing between the ejecta and the shocked wind, resulting in homogenization of the former wind cavity, and (iii) severe distortion of the wind-driven shell by cooling and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, usage of a variable speed refrigeration system in latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system is investigated to increase energy storage efficiency. Four different compressor speed control cases are compared to obtain a constant heat transfer fluid (HTF) temperature at the inlet of the energy storage tank. These control cases are (i) control with evaporation temperature, (ii) control with ethylene glycol temperature at the outlet section of evaporator, (iii) control with suction pressure of the compressor and (iv) on/off control. By means of the experimental analysis the best control strategy is obtained as control with Case (ii), in terms of stability of inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid, variations of energy efficiency of LHTES and coefficient of performance (...

Science.gov (United States)

1. Contest rules The European Space Agency (ESA) is launching a public competition to find the most suitable names for its four Cluster II space weather satellites. The quartet, which are currently known as flight models 5, 6, 7 and 8, are scheduled for launch from Baikonur Space Centre in Kazakhstan in June and July 2000. Professor Roger Bonnet, ESA Director of Science Programme, announced the competition for the first time to the European Delegations on the occasion of the Science Programme Committee (SPC) meeting held in Paris on 21-22 February 2000. The competition is open to people of all the ESA member states (*). Each entry should include a set of FOUR names (places, people, or things from history, mythology, or fiction, but NOT living persons). Contestants should also describe in a few sentences why their chosen names would be appropriate for the four Cluster II satellites. The winners will be those which are considered most suitable ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract This study presents a review of distributed model predictive control (DMPC) strategies followed by recent studies conducted by the authors on the robustness of these strategies to model errors and a summary of future challenges in this area. The review identifies three key challenges for the successful application of DMPC: (i) the selection of optimal control structure for DMPC; (ii) the choice of a suitable coordination strategy among the controllers; and (iii) the robustness of DMPC strategies to model errors. Then, the study summarises recent developments related to the robustness of unconstrained and constrained DMPC algorithms. For the unconstrained case, a methodology that is based on the calculation of a performance index is proposed to balance the trade-off between perform...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Depth dose distributions for protons in the energy range from 2 to 600 MeV have been calculated by Monte Carlo and analytical methods. The dependence on energy of Maximum Dose Equivalent (MDE), quality factor and isotropic factor recommended for practical use are presented. The problems connected with regulation of maximum permissible proton fluxes are discussed. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The penetration depth and concentration distribution for vanadium ions with low energy implanted into the dry peanut seeds is determined by scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy dispersion spectrometer. The results show that the depth-concentration distribution is a Gaussian distribution with a long tail and the maximum penetration depth is about 13.6 #mu#m for V"+ with 200 keV in cotyledon of the peanut. The experimental result of the implanted V"+ range in the peanut seeds is compared with the calculating value of the TRIM95

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Energy deposition process by relativistic fast electrons produced by ultra-intense laser pulses is discussed. The process is calculated with a two dimensional Fokker-Planck simulation code including binary and collective collisions coupled with electromagnetic field. We focused on Velocity Distribution Function (VDF) dependence in the simulation. The results show that the spread angle of the fast electrons distribution affects energy deposition area and deposited energy is concentrated in the vicinity of the propagation axis of the fast electrons. It may be also suggested that self-pinch effect of a fast electron beam causes large deposition energy. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The mass asymmetry of fragments from nuclear fission of heavy nuclei is reviewed. While mass asymmetry is a common and well-known phenomenon for low-energy fission of the lighter actinides, more recent experiments have demonstrated that, for the heaviest actinides, the mass distribution switches to a symmetric one. On the other hand, it has been discovered that, though for fissioning nuclei with mass numbers A< or [approx]225 the mass distribution is basically symmetric, an asymmetric component is clearly to be identified for nuclei down to the Pb-region. In the absence of a generally accepted dynamical theory of fission, the above experimental findings are discussed in terms of static energy considerations. Triggered from the outset by the structure of the potential energy surface at the saddlepoint, the energy balance at the scission point between the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The LAHET code system calculations and experimental results for proton interactions with an energy <50 MeV are compared. For these energies, the theories behind the LAHET models are not applicable. Three quantities compared are (a) the magnitude of the neutron yield generated through proton interactions, (b) the energy and angular distributions of the resultant neutrons, and (c) the residual nuclei produced by proton interactions (spallation products). The comparisons are for protons incident on iron and copper, except in the case of the energy and angular distributions, which are calculated only for iron. The neutron yields predicted by LAHET agree with published measurements to within 50% for both materials. For iron, the predicted energy and angular distributions agree to within a factor of 3. Finally, the ...

Wastenet

... These tankers will be converted to a dual-fuel engine to enable them to run efficiently on the biomethane. The other half will be conditioned and injected into National Gridrsquo;s gas distribution network. This will provide enough renewable energy for all the heating and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Electron charge distributions are presented for Nb_3Ge, Nb_3Al, and two other hypothetical A-15 structures. Results indicate that the bonding in these materials is mainly metallic in character with some covalentlike bonding between Nb-chain atoms. We find significant coupling between neighboring chains and also between chain atoms and atoms at the cubic site. Comparison is made with various theoretical models. Investigation of the charge character of states near E/sub F/ suggests further developments in current theories on the structural transformation of A-15 compounds. The effect of chain dimerization on electronic states and charge distribution of Nb_3Ge is also investigated.

Science.gov (United States)

Electron charge distributions are presented for Nb/sub 3/Ge, Nb/sub 3/Al, and two other hypothetical A-15 structures. Results indicate that the bonding in these materials is mainly metallic in character with some covalentlike bonding between Nb-chain atoms. We find significant coupling between neighboring chains and also between chain atoms and atoms at the cubic site. Comparison is made with various theoretical models. Investigation of the charge character of states near E/sub F/ suggests further developments in current theories on the structural transformation of A-15 compounds. The effect of chain dimerization on electronic states and charge distribution of Nb/sub 3/Ge is also investigated.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The energy distribution of ion beams is important especially for low energy ion beam applications. The energy distributions of negative-ion beams produced through secondary ion emission by sputtering were measured and compared with theoretically estimated distributions by use of four different negative-ion production probability equations (modified surface ionization model, exponential velocity dependence model, and our modified exponential velocity dependence models (modified decaying factor model and combination model of velocity dependence and surface ionization)). In the measurements, the energy distributions of C"- and Ag"- beams had a peak at a few to several eV and the full width at half maximum were 15 eV and 11 eV, respectively. These results could be well explained by the estimated ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) polypyridyl complexes have been intensively investigated due to their use in energy conversion and light-emitting devices and materials for non-linear optics. Quantum mechanical computer simulations of molecules and materials have become increasingly popular in the scientific community. Along with experimental investigations, such computational analyses can provide complementary information on the electronic and optical properties of transition metal compounds of interest for optoelectronic applications. Here, we provide a unified review of recent work carried out on computational investigations of a large series of Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) polypyridyl complexes, discussing the relations between their electronic structure and optical properties and thei...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The JUPITER-II Program is the Joint Physics Large Heterogeneous Core Critical Experiments Program between the U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE) and PNC, Japan. The experiments began in May 1982 and ended in April 1984, as a part of the ZPPR-13 program. The ZPPR-13 is a series of critical assemblies designed to study the fundamental neutronic behavior of large, radially-heterogeneous LMFBR cores. This report describes the results of analysis of ZPPR-13A and preliminary analysis of ZPPR-13B, and some topics of recent activities in fast reactor physics.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Momentum- and speed-dependent Maxwell-Boltzmann equilibrium distributions have been derived for tachyons and compared with the corresponding relativistic distributions. This is followed by a calculation of the mean, most probable and r.m.s. speeds for both the relativistic and tachyonic distributions. The ideal gas of tachyons is discussed, including calculations of the internal energy and entropy. In each case a comparison is made with the corresponding bradyonic results. It is found that tachyons behave just like bradyons in the high-temperature limit, but have markedly different behaviour at low temperatures.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A method for calculation of absorbed dose distributions in three dimensions for 1-20 MeV photons is presented. The method uses convolution/superposition of photon fluence distributions with energy scattering kernels. Results for Co-60 and X-ray beams in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media are compared with measurements. Good agreement is found between calculations and measurements. 8 refs.; 3 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A detector has been developed and used to measure dose distributions versus linear energy transfer to thin gas targets in spherical geometry from fast neutron irradiation of tissue-equivalent plastic and carbon. The detector is a hemispherical proportional counter with a Cs(T1) scintillator at the center of the hemisphere. The coincidence of the proportional counter signals constrain the measurements to charged particles traversing the radius of the hemisphere. The charged particle energy deposition distributions are directly measured for a known pathlength. The A-150 kerma factor was measured at a neutron energy of 14.8 MeV and is in agreement with tabulated values. The carbon kerma factor measurements are less than the tabulated value at 14.8 MeV. The alpha-particle production in carbon was measured for neutron energies from 14.1 to 14.8 MeV and is compared ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Organic materials released from energy-related activities could affect human health and the environment. To better assess possible impacts, we developed a model to predict the fate of spills or discharges of pollutants into flowing or static bodies of fresh water. A computer code, Aquatic Pathways Model (APM), was written to implement the model. The computer programs use compartmental analysis to simulate aquatic ecosystems. The APM estimates the concentrations of chemicals in fish tissue, water and sediment, and is therefore useful for assessing exposure to humans through aquatic pathways. The APM will consider any aquatic pathway for which the user has transport data. Additionally, APM will estimate transport rates from physical and chemical properties of chemicals between several key compartments. The major pathways considered are biodegradation, fish and sediment uptake, photolysis, and evaporation. The model has been implemented with parameters for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The feasibility of spectroscopic measurement of the velocity distribution of alpha particle using the ablation cloud of a lithium or boron pellet was tested in the DT experiment of TFTR. The measurement was performed using a 10-channel narrow-band filtered spectrometer in the wavelength covering the 3.5 MeV alpha particle Doppler broadening region of the He II 468.6 nm line and its vicinity. The spectra from a lithium pellet consists of the continuum bremsstrahlung background, lithium line emissions and possibly a 468.6 nm helium line. However, no clear evidence of alpha particles was observed, even when boron pellets were injected. (orig.) 4 refs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Background- Cyclosporine is used for treatment of transplanted patients and for immune-mediated diseases. Cyclosporine is known to cause a combination of metabolic side effects including hypertension, hyperkalemia, hypercalciuria and hypomagnesemia. These side effects except for hypomagnesemia are the cardinal features of familial hyperkalemia and hypertension (FHHt), also called pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHA II). FHHt is caused by mutations in the kinases WNK1 and WNK4 resulting in an increase in renal Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) apical distribution and function. Therefore, we studied whether cyclosporine-s metabolic side effects are mediated by WNK4 and NCC. Design- Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated by cyclosporine 25-mg-kg-1 subcutaneously for 14-days. Blood pressure, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We develop the formalism of a unified semi-microscopic description of low-energy proton and {alpha}-particle interaction with nuclei. We analyze elastic and inelastic proton scattering at the energy 25.05 MeV and {alpha}-particle scattering at the energy 104 MeV by the {sup 90}Zr nucleus. Information is obtained on differences in the deformation of the proton and neutron distributions. We study the energy dependence of the semi-microscopic {alpha}-particle potential including the energy dependence of the potential geometry.'' We analyze the change in angular distributions of elastically scattered {alpha} particles with increase of energy and the contribution to the scattering cross section from nucleon-nucleon correlations.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dose reconstruction is a process that re-creates the treatment-time dose deposited in a patient provided there is knowledge of the delivered energy fluence and the patient's anatomy at the time of treatment. A method for reconstructing dose is presented. The process starts with delivery verification, in which the incident energy fluence from a treatment is computed using the exit detector signal and a transfer matrix to convert the detector signal to energy fluence. With the verified energy fluence and a CT image of the patient in the treatment position, the treatment-time dose distribution is computed using any model-based algorithm such as convolution/superposition or Monte Carlo. The accuracy of dose reconstruction and the ability of the process to reveal delivery errors are presented. Regarding accuracy, a reconstructed dose distribution was compared with a ...

Science.gov (United States)

In this work, energy-based features for gear fault diagnosis and prediction are proposed. The instantaneous energy density is shown to obtain high values when defected teeth are engaged. Three methods are compared in terms of sensitivity, reliability and computation effectiveness. The Wigner Ville distribution is contrasted to the wavelet transform and the newly proposed empirical mode decomposition scheme. It is shown that all three methods are capable of a reliable prediction. An empirical law, which relates the energy content to the crack magnitude is established.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The electroreduction process of Zr(IV) was studied at molybdenum electrode in LiCl-KCl-K2ZrF6 molten salt. The transient electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry and chronopotenimetry were used. The experimental results showed that the electrochemical reduction of Zr(II)/Zr and Zr(IV)/Zr(II) were both diffusion-controlled process. In the 773-973K range, the diffusion coefficients of Zr(ii) and Zr(IV) were determined: DZr(II)=0.15567exp{-69.65x10^3RT(K)}cm^2/s, DZr(IV)=1.09x10^-^4exp{-44.39x10^3RT(K)}cm^2/s. The activation energy values for the diffusion process were 69.65kJ/mol and 44.39kJ/mol, respectively.

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

There is very little known about the long-term evolution of the MHC and MHC-like molecules. This is because both the theory (the evolutionary questions and models) and the practice (the animals systems, functional assays and reagents to identify and characterize these molecules) have been difficult to develop. There is no molecular evidence yet to decide whether vertebrate immune systems (and particularly the MHC molecules) are evolutionarily related to invertebrate allorecognition systems, and the functional evidence can be interpreted either way. Even among the vertebrates, there is great heterogeneity in the quality and quantity of the immune response. The functional evidence for T-lymphocyte function in jawless and cartilagenous fish is poor, while the bony fish seem to have many characteristics of a mammalian immune system. The organization and sequence of fish Ig genes also indicate that important events in the evolution of the immune system and the MHC occurred in the fish, but ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The mass and energy distributions for low-energy p- and alpha-particle induced fission of "1"8"7","1"8"8Ir and "1"9"5Au and "3He-induced fission of sufficiently heated "1"8"8Ir and "1"9"4Au have been measured with use of fast spectrometer of complementary fragments. From Au to Ir, the shape of the mass distributions undergoes substantial changes related to specific dependence of the saddle shell corrections on A and Z fissioning nuclei. The results are compared with theoretical predictions.

Science.gov (United States)

We have designed a new nucleobase, benzodeazaadenine (BDA) that has a stronger charge transport ability than guanine and is not destroyed during charge transport process. By incorporating this new nucleobase into DNA, we demonstrated a protocol for real DNA nano-wire that is far superior to natural DNA. We also demonstrated that the selectivity for the interaction of Mn(II) ion with guanine N7 in G runs is a HOMO-controlled process, and as a consequence, the selectivity for G-metal ion interactions obtained by 15N-NMR studies would directly reflect the HOMO distribution of G-containing sequences in B-DNA. PMID:12903077

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper discusses the application of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code (FLUENT) to predict temperature and velocity profiles, and particle trajectories in an industrial fired by a low NO{sub x} pulverized coal swirl burner. The predictions of the code were compared to experimental measurements of gas temperature, particle size distribution, and particle velocities. The diagnostics employed were a suction pyrometer and a Particle Counter Sizer Velocimeter Probe (PCSV-P). Good agreement was found between the temperature predictions and the measurements. In situ particle size distributions were predicted accurately using the Baum and Street model with a swelling factor of zero. The numerical modeling indicated that the Type II flow issued from the burner could be transformed into Type III flow, by eliminating swirl from the primary air stream, which provided the preferred particle trajectories and increased the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) is interested in assessing the potential economic impacts of its portfolio of subprograms on national employment and income. A special purpose version of the IMPLAN input-output model called ImBuild II is used in this study of 20 subprograms of the Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program contained in the EERE final FY 2005 budget request to the Office of Management and Budget on February 2, 2004. Energy savings, investments, and impacts on U.S. national employment and earned income are reported by subprogram for selected years to the year 2030. Energy savings and investments from these subprograms have the potential of creating a total of 228,000 jobs and about $3.1 billion in earned income (2003$) by the year 2030.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A methane catalytic decomposition reactor-direct carbon fuel cell-internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell (MCDR-DCFC-IRSOFC) energy system is highly efficient for converting the chemical energy of methane into electrical energy. A gas turbine cycle is also used to output more power from the thermal energy generated in the IRSOFC. In part I of this work, models of the fuel cells and the system are proposed and validated. In this part, exergy conservation analysis is carried out based on the developed electrochemical and thermodynamic models. The ratio of the exergy destruction of each unit is examined. The results show that the electrical exergy efficiency of 68.24% is achieved with the system. The possibility of further recovery of the waste heat is discussed and the combined power-heat exergy efficiency is over 80%. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Industrial Technology (DOE) has an objective to increase energy efficient and enhance competitiveness of American metals industries. To support this objective, ALCOA Inc. entered into a cooperative program to develop spray forming technology for aluminum. This Phase II of the DOE Spray Forming Program would translate bench scale spray forming technology into a cost effective world class process for commercialization. Developments under DOE Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC07-94ID13238 occurred during two time periods due to budgetary constraints; April 1994 through September 1996 and October 1997 and December 1998. During these periods, ALCOA Inc developed a linear spray forming nozzle and specific support processes capable of scale-up for commercial production of aluminum sheet alloy products. Emphasis was given to alloys 3003 and 6111, both being commercially significant alloys used ...

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Hyaluronate (HA) distribution patterns were examined in the cranial mesenchyme underlying the mesencephalic neural folds of mouse embryos maintained in roller tube culture. Using standard image-processing techniques, the digitized images of Alcian blue-stained or 3H-glucosamine-labeled sections digested with an enzyme specific for HA, were subtracted from adjacent, undigested sections. The resultant difference picture images (DPI) accurately depicted the distribution of stained or labeled HA within the cranial mesenchyme. 3H-glucosamine-labeled HA was distributed uniformly throughout the cranial mesenchyme as 12, 18, and 24 hr of culture. By contrast, the mesenchyme was uniformly stained with Alcian blue at 12 hr, but stain intensity decreased in the central regions of the mesenchyme at 18 and 24 hr. HA distribution patterns were also examined in the cranial mesenchyme of embryos cultured in the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The progress report for the Theoretical Physics Division of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell, 1985/6 is presented. The Division's research programme is divided into four sections - i) nuclear power (fuels, inspection and safety aspects), ii) radioactive waste management, iii) underlying research, and iv) non-nuclear contract research. The report contains a description of the research work carried out on these four topics in the above period. (U.K.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) evaluated the performance of diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), and hybrid electric (equipped with BAE Systems? HybriDrive propulsion system) transit buses at New York City Transit (NYCT). CNG, Gen I and Gen II hybrid electric propulsion systems were compared on fuel economy, maintenance and operating costs per mile, and reliability.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present a method for obtaining the quasi-exact solutions of the Rabi Hamiltonian in the framework of the asymptotic iteration method (AIM). The energy eigenvalues, the eigenfunctions and the associated Bender-Dunne orthogonal polynomials are deduced. We show (i) that orthogonal polynomials are generated from the upper limit (i.e., truncation limit) of polynomial solutions deduced from AIM, and (ii) prove to have nonpositive norm. (authors)

Science.gov (United States)

A computer program entitled "Marshall Aerospace Vehicle Representation in C II,

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The mass-energy spectra of the fragments of thermal fission of {sup 242m}Am are measured using the time-of-flight technique. The resulting mass-yield curve and peak-to-valley ratio agree with radiochemical data. The parameters of the kinetic energy distribution of the fragments are determined for the first time. Data on the fine structure of mass spectra in the region of cold fragmentation are presented. 15 refs., 4 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In an effort to accelerate deployment of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) such as wind, solar, and conventional backup generators to our nation's electrical grid, Northern Power Systems (NPS), the California Energy Commission (CEC), and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) collaborated to create a prototype universal interconnect device called the DER Switch.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report beings with a historical overview on the origin and early beginnings of Radiant Energy Power Source for Jet Aircraft. The report reviews the work done in Phase I (Grant DE-FG01-82CE-15144) and then gives a discussion of Phase II (Grant DE-FG01-86CE-15301). Included is a reasonably detailed discussion of photovoltaic cells and the research and development needed in this area. The report closes with a historical perspective and summary related to situations historically encountered on projects of this nature. 15 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The distributions of the effective numbers of 6q-fluctons in the energy, momentum and distance to the center of mass of nucleus are studied. Many characteristics of these distributions are shown to be universal, i.e. independent of the flucton size. The saturation of the flucton density in A > 80 nuclei and other peculiarities are found, which define different behavior of the effective numbers of fluctons and deuterons. This fact provides an explanation of the known underestimate by a factor of 1.5-6 of the cross sections of hard inclusive (p, p'd) process on nuclei calculated in the quasi-elastic approximation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alpha particles, tritons, deuterons and protons accompanying /sup 252/Cf fission were registered in coincidence with both fission fragments by means of a system containing two-dimensional position-sensitive silicon detectors. Angular distributions, kinetic energy spectra of light charged particles as well as mass distributions of fission fragments in coincidence with light charged particles were measured. The experimental results are compared with some theoretical models.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Physical processes in the region of laser conversion for the next Linear Colliders (NLC) are discussed. The main goal of this conversion is to obtain high-energy intense #gamma# beams for #gamma#e and #gamma##gamma# colliders. This conversion has important by-products: (i) one can observe here effect of nonlinear QED (in a strong external field)-production of e"+e"- pairs by a high-energy photon and emission of very high-energy photons by an electron; (ii) one can produce and observe here the invisible axion in colliding #gamma#_0e beams. The NQED effects also result in variation of the spectra of high-energy photons and an additional background. 12 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of the Energy Incentives and Agricultural Financial Resources Act of 1986 is to provide fair incentives for the domestic production of oil and gas, and to give flexibility to financial institutions with regard to energy and agricultural loans. The legislation reflects the current drop in activity and investment as a result of economic conditions and tax laws. It amends the Federal Deposit Insurance Act to assist troubled banks in providing capital and restructuring loans for energy development and agricultural pursuits. Title II repeals certain restrictions on the use of natural gas and petroleum imposed under the Fuel Use Act to open up markets and eliminate pricing requirements.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The morphological aspects of ternary phase formation during the Pd-GaAs reaction have been studied by application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) techniques. The TEM images show that the first product phase, ''phase I'', forms during deposition of Pd onto (100) GaAs and exhibits the preferred orientation (0001)/sub I/ approx. // (01 anti 1)/sub GaAs/. In the presence of unreacted Pd, the second phase, ''phase II'', nucleates at large-angle grain boundaries in the phase I film as the annealing temperature increases above approx.250C. Energy dispersive analysis of x-rays and RBS suggest the nominal compositions Pd3GaAs and Pd4GaAs for phases I and II, respectively.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is shown that account of nuclear effects in nucleon channel is of principle importance when analyzing hadron-nucleon process at high energies. This enables to make correct conclusions both about the contribution of multiquark systems - fluctons - to nuclear wave function and about quark distribution in them. Analysis of these distributions shows that color degrees of freedom in flucton are partially unfrozen and flucton contains with high probability one or two quarks.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The total radiation rate, angular distribution of the emitted energy and photon correlations of the cooperative spontaneous radiation from two atoms with different resonance frequencies and spontaneous decay rates are calculated. Contrary to the case of two identical atoms oscillations appear in the total radiation rate and the spatial distribution of the total number of emitted photons differs from the single-atom radiation pattern. The effect of the dipole-dipole near-field interaction on the time evolution of the atomic system is discussed. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The automatic real-time system operating at the LU-10 linac and providing measurements of the parameters such as the beam current (average and pulse values), the electron energy, the linear density distribution of beam current, and also the conveyor speed is described in the paper.

CERN Document Server

Light vector meson leptoproduction is analyzed on the basis of the generalized parton distributions. Our results on the cross section and spin effects are in good agrement with experiment at HERA, COMPASS and HERMES energies. Predictions for $A_{UT}$ asymmetry for various reactions are presented.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of mesophyll and bundle-sheath thylakoids from plant species with the C4 dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthesis were investigated using flow cytometry....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the reaction sup(nat)Ag + /sup 40/Ar (285 MeV) there have been measured the energy spectra of the isotopes of elements from H to Cl at an emission angle of 40/sup 0/, the energy spectra and angular distributions of /sup 1/H, /sup 2/H, /sup 3/H, and /sup 4/He, and the angular distributions of Li, Be, B, and C. The contribution from multinucleon transfer reactions to the formation of light charged particles is discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A computational model has been developed to calculate the potential and current distributions in the electrolyte phase and on the electrode surface for a system in which a part of the anode is passivated while the rest remains in the active dissolution state. The computation employs the finite element method allied with a boundary variation and a trial and error technique. From the obtained distributions, the location of the boundary between the active and passive regions on the anode can be predicted. In the case of a crevice, this means that a critical distance into the crevice exists beyond which active corrosion (crevice corrosion) takes place. In addition to the active/passive behavior of the material, solution conductivity, applied potential at the sample's outer surface, crevice gap and depth dimensions, and passive current density influence this critical distance to different degrees. The developed software package may also be ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The proton beam has an advantage of the sharp dose falloff in dose distribution called Bragg peak while conventional radiation therapy modalities such as photons exhibit considerable amount of exit dose. To take advantage of this property it is important to know the exact location of the distal dose falloff. An error can cause overdose to the normal tissue or underdose to the tumor volume. The only way of finding out the dose distribution in-situ in particle therapy is to measure the gammas produced by nuclear reactions with tissue materials. Two kinds of gammas can be used: one is prompt gamma and the other is coincident gamma from the positron-emission isotopes. We chose to detect prompt gammas, and developed a prompt gamma scanning system (PGS). The proton beams of the proton therapy facility at National Cancer Center were used. The gamma distribution was compared to the dose distribution measured by ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The aim of the project is to study the conditions and processes occurring in permanently frozen crystalline bedrock, with special reference to deep (i.e., several hundreds of meters) bedrock conditions. The target of the study is the Lupin mine in Nunavut Territory, Northern Canada. The results may be utilized in assessing the long-term performance of deep underground constructions (e.g., nuclear waste repositories) in cooling climatic conditions. In Phase I of the project versatile background information was collected from the site e.g., on climate, geology and on hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical conditions. During Phase II a broad range of research was conducted including (i) electromagnetic soundings to investigate the distribution of permafrost in the surroundings of the mine; (ii) drilling of three research boreholes at the base of the permafrost for groundwater research; (iii) application of borehole video surveys ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The excitation cross sections by electron impact from the Cd II ground state to the laser upper state 5s_2 _2D/sub 5/2/ (Beutler state) and the laser lower state 5p _2P/sub 3/2/ (resonance state) have been measured by using a crossed-beam method of electrons and Cd"+ ions and a photon-counting method. The electron-energy region investigated was from the threshold energy (5.8 eV) for the excitation of the 5p _2P/sub 3/2/ state to 20 eV. It has been shown that the excitation cross section for the ionic Beutler state 5s_2 _2D/sub 5/2/ is of the order of 10"-_1_5 cm_2 and has a sharp peak near the threshold energy for the excitation. The excitation cross section for the resonance state 5p _2P/sub 3/2/ has also been of the order of 10"-_1_5 cm_2 and has a relatively broad maximum.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this paper, the performance of customer-owned distributed generation (DG) units is quantified from different perspectives through an uncertainty study. A Monte Carlo-based method is applied to assess the stochastic operation of the customer-owned DG units in the power distribution system. Several cases are studied to analyze the impact on system performance of using such generators, with the emphasis on benefits. The results of the studied cases show that proper operation of customer-owned DG units placed close to significant consumption centers offers several benefits which lead to significant energy savings and improvement in the performance indices while maintaining the cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, based on the energy demand, different electricity price scenarios considering a co...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The energy deposited by the passage of a single, energetic, heavy-ion through a semiconductor produces dense electron-hole (eh) pair concentrations near the ion trajectory. The size, shape, and charge density of an ion track represent critical parameters for many models of single event phenomena. The authors describe the design and uses of possible semiconductor test structures for measuring the initial radial distribution of charge and subsequent charge transport in a high energy, heavy-ion track. Numerical simulations show how the test structure can resolve different radial distributions of charge within an ion track. The test structure simulations also show the importance of accurately representing ion track structure in single event effects simulations.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cu"2"+ ions are alternatively bridged by end-on and asymmetrical end-to-end (EE) azido groups in copper (II)-azido compound [#left brace#Cu(L)(N_3)_2#right brace#_n] (L=benzylamine). The electronic structure of its ferromagnetic ground state has been calculated using the self-consistent full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method based on the density functional theory. The spin populations have been found to be strongly positive on the Cu"2"+ ions, weakly positive on the terminal nitrogen atoms of the azido groups as well as on the nitrogen atoms of the benzylamine, and feeble on the central nitrogen atoms of the azido groups. Based on the spin distribution obtained from calculation, the ferromagnetic coupling through the azido groups has been analyzed as resulting from a spin delocalization from the Cu"2"+ ions toward the azido groups. But the result also indicates that the spin polarization effect may also take part in the magnetic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experiments on aqueous TiO{sup 2} photocatalytic reaction characteristics of 4 nitrogen-containing and 12 aromatic organic compounds were carried out. Based on the values calculated for the distribution of ionic species and atomic charge, the characteristics of their photocatalytic decomposition were estimated. It was shown that the dependence of decomposition of the N-containing compounds were linearly proportional to their nitrogen atomic charge values, while that of the aromatic compounds were inversely proportional. The effects of aqueous pH, oxygen content and concentration on the TiO{sup 2} photocatalytic characteristics of EDTA-Cu(II) and EDTA-Fe(III) were experimentally investigated. All EDTA systems were decomposed better in the pH range of 2.5{approx}3.0 and with more dissolved oxygen. These results could be applied to a unit process for removal of organic impurities dissolved in a source water of the system water, and for treatment ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... v. 14(8) p. 624-625. azido compounds cadmium complexes potentiometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study is an attempt to measure the quantities of elements in a composite by irradiating that composite with #gamma#-rays of various energies and detecting the transmitted radiation through the composite. A previous knowledge of the number of the elements and their attenuation coefficients is required. The quantities are calculated by solving the matrix of a linear system of equations. A computer program was developed to select the best combinations of the available energies. Five criteria were established to determine these energy combinations: (i) the determinant of the attenuation coefficient matrix; (ii) the condition number, (iii) the number of times the solution of the matrix leads to acceptable results; (iv) the indicator, (a new concept); (v) the standard deviations of the results. The intended application of this technique in medicine is to measure the bone mineral content of the skeleton. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

High temperature deformation behaviour of an experimental Beta-titanium alloy Ti-10V has been studied in the temperature range 800 to 945 degree C by using the method of crosshead speed cycling. Although subgrain formation was observed but the alloy did not exhibit superplastic behaviour in the entire temperature range studied. A very large initial grain size and elongation of grains during the deformation are considered the main factors responsible for absence of superplastic behaviour. The activation energy values for regions II and III of the ln sigma vs. ln small epsilon plots are close to the lower of the two activation energy values proposed together to describe self diffusion in beta-phase suggesting that the rate controlling mechanism is that for lattice diffusion rather then grain boundary diffusion. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

With regard to a fracture system in the Hijiori hot dry rock artificial reservoir, an attempt was made on an interpretation which integrates different data. Major factors that characterize development and performance of an artificial reservoir are composed of a fracture system in rocks, which acts as circulating water paths, a heat exchange face and a reservoir space. The system relates not only with crack density distribution, but also with cracks activated by water pressure fracturing, cracks generating acoustic emission (AE), and cracks working as major flow paths, all of which are characterized by having respective behaviors and roles. Characteristics are shown on AE cluster distribution, crack distribution, production zone and estimated stress fields. Mutual relationship among these elements was discussed based on the Coulomb`s theory. The most important paths are characterized by distribution of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The calculation of electronn beam dose using an algorithms similar to convolution/superposition methods for photon beams [1,2,3,4] is explored. The distribution of dose deposited by a number of monoenergetic, point-monodirectional electron pencil beams is first determined using the Monte Carlo method [5,6]. These elementary distributions are combined to model distributions that would result from the spectrum of incident energies and angles [6,7] present in a clinical beam. These modified distributions are then stored for use as kernels in the dose calculation. In the case of a homogeneous phantom, the relative fluence distribution is convolved with the stored kernels to obtain thhe dose distributions in 3 dimensions. Since the kernels cannot be assumed to be spatially invariant in a heterogeneous water-like phantom, the dose deposited on ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We study the line widths in the [O III]#lambda#5007 and H#alpha# lines for two groups of planetary nebulae in the Milky Way bulge based upon spectroscopy obtained at the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional in the Sierra San Pedro Martir (OAN-SPM) using the Manchester Echelle Spectrograph. The first sample includes objects early in their evolution, having high H#beta# luminosities, but [O III]#lambda#5007/H#beta# < 3. The second sample comprises objects late in their evolution, with He II #lambda#4686/H#beta#>0.5. These planetary nebulae represent evolutionary phases preceding and following those of the objects studied by Richer et al. in 2008. Our sample of planetary nebulae with weak [O III]#lambda#5007 has a line width distribution similar to that of the expansion velocities of the envelopes of asymptotic giant branch stars and shifted to systematically lower values as compared to the less evolved objects studied by Richer et al. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the present grant period we have continued our study of the photodetachment of atomic negative ions using cross-beam photoelectron detachment spectroscopy. The experimental technique involves the measurement of, under conditions of good energy and angular resolution, kinetic energies, yields and angular distributions of photoelectrons ejected from the interaction region between perpendicularly crossed laser and negative ion beams. 6 figs.

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Effect of ultrasonic-wave irradiation on the Mn-Zn ferrite powder suspension prepared by solid-state reaction and alcoholic dehydration methods was investigated. Size, distribution, and morphology of the powders prepared at different temperatures were examined, as a function of irradiation time. It was observed that the powders were reduced in size by ultrasonic energy through distinct routes. 8 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The energy spectra and angular distributions of proton emission in a reaction of {sup nat}Fe(n,xp) at a neutron energy of 14.6 MeV are measured by the University of Science and Technology of China multitelescope system. The double-differential cross sections of 16 reaction angles from 25 to 164.5 deg are obtained in this measurement. The statistical errors are reduced largely because of the thick target used. The angular distributions show a slightly energy-dependent forward-backward asymmetry. The angle-integrated proton spectrum is compared with theoretical calculations and other results. The total proton-emission cross section is in fair agreement with the prediction and evaluation.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

PurposeThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of submucosal versus intramuscular administration of dexamethasone sodium phosphate on patients' quality of life after surgical removal of impacted lower third molars. Patients and MethodsA randomized, non-blind, clinical trial was planned. The sample was composed of patients requiring extraction under local anesthesia of a single partial bony impacted mandibular third molar with Class II or III and position B or C, according to the Pell and Gregory classification. The patients were randomly distributed into 1 of 3 groups: submucosal dexamethasone, intramuscular dexamethasone, and a control group that received no steroid. A modified translated questionnaire was used to assess the patients' perception regarding different qual...

Environmental Research Database

Objectives(i) Investigate the correlation between Antarctic sea-ice and equatorial sea-surface temperature anomalies in a realistically forced ocean model simulation of the last 50 years. (ii) Determine whether and how the enormous seasonal change in distribution of sea-ice modifies the seasonal cycle at the Equator. (iii) Determine the detailed pathways of wave propagation both in a historically-forced simulation and in response to realistic perturbations. (iv) Quantify the amplitude of the response i [continued...]DescriptionIt is well known that the equatorial ocean-atmosphere system plays a key role in global climate events such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. There is now compelling evidence that changes in the Antarctic can strongly and quickly affect the equatorial ocean and the ENSO cycle. Observations demonstrate statistically significant correlations (teleconnections) between the Antarctic and the Equator with ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Due to the recent catastrophic energy system failures in California along with those in the North-Eastern US and Southern Canada, London, and Italy, the time has come to proclaim the failure of deregulation, privatization or liberalization and propose a new energy system. This book shows in the first section, how five precipitating forces led to the deregulation debacle in California: (1) major technological changes and commercialization, (2) regulatory needs mismatched to societal adjustments, (3) inadequate and flawed economic models, (4) lack of vision, goals, and planning leading to energy failures, and (5) failure and lack of economic regional development. The second half of the book, examines how 'civic market', new economic models, and planning for complexity as sustainable economic development transformed in California, the same five forces to create an 'agile energy ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The 1.04 GeV-proton elastic scattering from "4"0Ca is studied in the framework of the coherent density fluctuation model (CDFM). The calculations are carried out in the Glauber theoretical scheme with three different charge densities. It is shown that: i) the account of the flucton correlations leads to results considerably different from those obtained in the independent particle Glauber approach (IPGA); ii) in contrast to the case of IPGA the use of a more realistic density improves the agreement of CDPM-results with the experimental data. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The excess energy of several III-V and II-VI strained-layer semiconductor superlattices (AC)_p(BC)_p is studied as a function of the repeat period p and orientation G=[001], [110], [111], and [201], using first-principles calculations. We discover a number of universal features, including the predicted instability for nearly all p's and G's with respect to bulk disproportionation, the identification of chalcopyrite as a metastable ordered structure, and the stability of all thin epitaxial [110] and [201] and most common-anion [001] superlattices relative to coherent phase separation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pionier-I is a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) of the Darrieus-type with a diameter of 15 m. In the month of September 1983 performance and efficiency were measured. Measurements were done with constant rotational speed and with constant tip speed ratio. For the calculation of the possible (theoretical) output of electric power an anemometer was present. Measurement results are conditioned to one digital signal and processed by a microcomputer (Apple II). It becomes evident that the yearly energy output of the Pionier-I is quite well comparable with that of a horizontal axis turbine with the same diameter.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The conceptual design, parametric analysis, cost and performance analysis, and a commercial assessment of a 100-MWe high-temperature line-focus central power system are presented. Parametric analyses and conceptual design of the heliostat subsystem, receiver subsystem, heat transport subsystem, energy storage subsystem, electrical power generating subsystem, and master control subsystem are included. A market analysis and development plan are given. (WHK)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A discussion of the Sasol I, II, and III coal liquefaction plants of the Republic of South Africa was presented. The technology, capacity, and economics of these projects were included in the discussion. These plants utilize the Fischer-Tropsch process of indirect coal liquefaction and produce a barrel of synthetic crude for about $55 (or about $20 above current market prices). Outlines of the differences in indirect coal liquefaction and newer direct methods were presented. It was determined that the South African dedication to coal liquefaction was made more for the political aspects of energy independence than economics.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A simple theory for predicting the convective energy loss from side-facing cavity receivers in windless environments has been developed. The approach used is to determine the velocity distribution of the incoming air in the aperture plane (and thereby the rate of mass entrainment); and then to estimate the bulk temperature of the heated emerging air. The convective loss is then calculated from an energy balance. To illustrate this theory, numerical results applicable to the 2.15 meter cubic cavity being tested in the laboratory are provided.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, has been designated as Lead Center for the Exploratory Battery Technology Development and Testing Project, which is sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of Energy Storage and Distribution. In this capacity, Sandia is responsible for the engineering development of advanced rechargeable batteries for both mobile and stationary energy storage applications. This report details the technical achievements realized in pursuit of the Lead Center's goals during calendar year 1989. 4 refs., 84 figs., 18 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To achieve high efficiency for the conversion of electron kinetic energy in an electron beam to electromagnetic energy in a Free Electron Laser (FEL), it is important to improve the beam quality. And hence, it is necessary to study and minimize the emittance growth of the beam. According to the requirements for the beam quality in an FEL, the author analyzed the emittance growth caused by the jump of the electric field in an accelerator, energy increase, wakefield in a waveguide, space charge effect and distribution of particles in a beam as well as the wakefield in a deflect system etc. The author also estimated the emittance change caused by the variation of the microwave field from the gun to the first accelerator for such case.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Swift heavy ion-solid interaction leads in volume to track creation and on the surface to the ejection of particles into the vacuum. To learn more about initial mechanisms of track formation, we are focused on the sputtering of uranium dioxide by fast heavy ions. This present study is exclusively devoted to the influence of the electronic stopping power on the emission of neutral particles and especially on their angular distribution. These measurements are completed by those of the ions emitted from UO{sub 2} targets bombarded with swift heavy ions. The whole experimental results give access to: i) the nature of the sputtered particles; ii) the charge state of the emitted particles; iii) the direction of ejection of the sputtered particles ; iv) the sputtering yields deduced from the angular distributions. These results are compared to the prediction of the sputtering models proposed in the literature and it seems that the ...

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Globular clusters are quite compact (size {proportional_to}10 pc) objects distributed spherically around the galaxy. They contain about 10{sup 5}-10{sup 6} mostly old stars. The number of millisecond pulsars in typical globular cluster is expected to be large (of the order of 100). We investigate the possible mechanism of production of high energy gamma-rays in those objects. Part of the wind energy of pulsars (energy conversion factor) is converted into relativistic leptons. Those leptons can upscatter in inverse Compton process low energy starlight and CMB photons and produce gamma-rays. MAGIC is an Imaging Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescopes located at Canary island of La Palma. We present results and discussion of the MAGIC observations of globular cluster M13.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Greenhouse gas mitigation strategies are generally considered costly with world leaders often engaging in debate concerning the costs of mitigation and the distribution of these costs between different countries. In this paper, the analyses and results of the design of a 100% renewable energy system by the year 2050 are presented for a complete energy system including transport. Two short-term transition target years in the process towards this goal are analysed for 2015 and 2030. The energy systems are analysed and designed with hour-by-hour energy system analyses. The analyses reveal that implementing energy savings, renewable energy and more efficient conversion technologies can have positive socio-economic effects, create employment and potentially lead to large earnings on exports. If externalities such as health effects are included, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Optimal capacitor placement determines the size, type, and location of capacitors to be installed on a radial distribution feeder that will reduce peak power and energy losses while minimizing the costs of investment and installation of the capacitor banks. This paper describes a sensitivity-based optimal placement of capacitors that employs a new load characterization scheme using a voltage-current-angle-logger. The proposed method allows modeling of loads of different power factors for different portions of the distribution feeder. The optimal solution is obtained by testing various combinations of capacitor banks (based on the smallest bank size specified by the user) and candidate nodes along the distribution feeder, and calculating the resultant savings. In order to reduce solution time, the candidate nodes are ranked according to their sensitivity factors. The highest ranking nodes are considered ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mass distributions of fragments in the low-energy fission of nuclei from "1"8"7Ir to "2"1"3At have been analysed. This analysis has shown that shell effects in symmetric-mode fragment mass yields from the fission of pre-actinide nuclei could be described if one assumes the existence of two strongly deformed neutron shells in the arising fragments with neutron numbers N_1#approx#52 and N_2#approx#68. A new method has been proposed for quantitatively describing the mass distributions of the symmetric fission mode for pre-actinides with A#approx#180-220. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A ''coherent flucton'' nuclear model is proposed which provides for new possibilities for particle scattering studies on nuclei. It is based on the data of nuclear matter density distribution and is used for calculating the ground state energy of Fermi system terminals. The ''coherent flucton'' model is applied to the distribution of 1 GeV protons on "2"8Si, "3"2S, "4"0Ca, "4"8Ca, "5"8Ni, "2"0"8Pb nuclei. The calculations by the model agree well with experimental data.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Most general tbW couplings were investigated in the process {gamma}{gamma} {yields} tt-bar {yields} l{sup {+-}}X for unpolarized photon beams. The double angular and energy distribution of the lepton was calculated and an optimal-observable analysis on it was carried out for the SM tt-bar production mechanism. It was also shown that the leptonic angular distribution is insensitive to non-standard tbW vertex. That means that observation of non-standard effects indicates existence of some new physics in the production part.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

When searching for anisotropies in the arrival directions of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, one must estimate the number of events expected in each direction of the sky in the case of a perfect isotropy. We present in this article a new method, developed for the Auger Observatory, based on a smooth estimate of the zenith angle distribution obtained from the data itself (which is essentially unchanged in the case of the presence of a large scale anisotropy pattern). We also study the sensitivity of several methods to detect large-scale anisotropies in the cosmic ray arrival direction distribution : Rayleigh analysis, dipole fitting and angular power spectrum estimation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The overall objective of the study in this report was to gather data on waste management technologies to allow comparison of various alternatives for managing municipal solid waste (MSW). The specific objectives of the study were to: 1. Compile detailed data for existing waste management technologies on costs, environmental releases, energy requirements and production, and coproducts such as recycled materials and compost. Identify missing information necessary to make energy, economic, and environmental comparisons of various MSW management technologies, and define needed research that could enhance the usefulness of the technology. 3. Develop a data base that can be used to identify the technology that best meets specific criteria defined by a user of the data base. Volume I contains the report text. Volume II contains supporting exhibits. Volumes III through X are appendices, each addressing a specific MSW management ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The invention refers a procedure of radiation dose control in irradiated tissues during electron-beam therapy. It aims at meeting the planned radiation dose for diseased tissues and taking care of the healthy ones. Therefore, the dose distribution required is determined before irradiation in consideration of such factors as energy-dependence of detector sensitivity, self-absorption within the tissue, and relative biological effectiveness. Furthermore, the expected intensity distribution of secondary quantum radiation excited in the irradiated tissue is calculated. A radiation detector for local resolution is used for registration. During irradiation the calculated intensity distribution is compared with the measured one. The invention is applicable in radiation therapy with monoenergetic electron beams.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The energy, angular momentum, and distance (measured from the center of mass of the nucleus) distributions of the effective number of 6/ital q/-fluctons are investigated and it is shown that many of the characteristics of these distributions are universal, i.e., independent of the flucton size. ''Saturation'' of the flucton density in nuclei with mass /ital A//approx gt/80 and certain other features that determine the difference between the behaviors of the effective numbers of fluctons and deuterons are reported. This is used to explain the well known underestimation (by a factor of 1.5--6) of the cross section for the hard inclusive (/ital p/, /ital p/'/ital d/) process on nuclei calculated in the quasielastic formalism. See S. G. Kadmenskii and V. I. Furman, /ital Alpha/ /ital decay/ /ital and elated/ /ital nuclear/ /reactions/ (in Russian), Energoatomizdat, Moscow, 1985.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The alpha particle induced fission of "2"0"9Bi has been investigated for E_#alpha# = 55.7 and 58.6 MeV using gamma ray spectrometry. The cross sections for the production of fission products have been determined. The mass distributions have been found to be broad with a peak near mass 104. The charge distribution has been studied at the same particle energies. The fractional cumulative yields of "9"7Zr, "9"9Mo, "1"0"1Mo, "1"1"2Pd and "1"1"7"mCd have been determined using gamma ray spectrometry. The width of charge distribution is broad. (orig.).

Science.gov (United States)

Self-excited oscillations of a distributed medium can be investigated in terms of discrete physical models described by multidimensional systems of nonlinear equations which transform into equations of self-oscillating distributed media as the number of dimensions goes to infinity. Differential equations of such a self-oscillating system are set up and investigated. Coupling between elements of the medium, conditions under which the system constitutes an open system, internal impedance between the energy source and the system elements, and boundary conditions defining open and closed systems are discussed. The Gunn effect, eolian noise, self-oscillations of DNA molecules and of cardiac muscle, and wave processes in the cerebral cortex are mentioned as examples of self-oscillatory processes in question.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The purpose of this research is to investigate the micro-mechanism of deformation behavior of metallic glasses. We report the results of direct observations of short-range and medium-range structural change during tensile deformation of metallic glasses by high energy X-ray diffraction method. Cu50Zr50 and Ni30Zr70 metallic glass samples in the ribbon shape (1.5 mm width and 25 ?m) were made by using rapid quenching method. Tensile deformation added to the sample was made by using special equipment adopted for measuring the high energy X-ray diffraction. The peaks in pair distribution function g(r) for Cu50Zr50 and N30iZr70 metallic glasses move zigzag into front and into rear during tensile deformation. These results of direct observation on atomic distribution change for Cu50Zr50 and Ni30Zr70 metallic glass ribbons during tensile deformation suggest that the micro-relaxations occur.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Diffuse {gamma}-ray emission produced by the interaction of cosmic-ray particles with matter and radiation in the Galaxy can be used to probe the distribution of cosmic rays and their sources in different regions of the Galaxy. With its large field of view and long observation time, the Milagro Gamma Ray Observatory is an ideal instrument for surveying large regions of the Northern Hemisphere sky and for detecting diffuse {gamma}-ray emission at very high energies. Here, the spatial distribution and the flux of the diffuse {gamma}-ray emission in the TeV energy range with a median energy of 15 TeV for Galactic longitudes between 30{sup o} and 110{sup o} and between 136{sup o} and 216{sup o} and for Galactic latitudes between -10{sup o} and 10{sup o} are determined. The measured fluxes are consistent with predictions of the GALPROP model everywhere except for the Cygnus region (l ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Exhaust fine and ultra fine particle numbers, particle sizes, mass, shape, structure and density were studied from Euro II - EEV emission level heavy-duty vehicles. For total particle emission factors city buses were run on dynamic conditions simulating city bus driving. The new heavy-duty chassis dynamometer of VTT was used. Vehicles were a comprehensive sample of current city bus fleet, the type approved emission level of which was Euro II - Euro III. Also cleaner engines of Euro IV to EEV targeted emission level were included: CRT, CNG, DPF. Particle emissions of these buses were extremely low; numbers 1/100 - 1/1000 and masses 1/10 - 1/100 of those of the predominating techniques. Morphological properties of fine particle populations that represent majority of particle size distribution (Da < 500 nm) are being analyzed by image processing (Matlab) from electron microscopical images (SEM, ESEM and TEM) as a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study focuses on a series of Pt{sup II}(L-L{prime})(dppm){sup n+} complexes, where dppm is bis(diphenylphosphino)methane and L-L{prime} are C(caret)C{prime} (n = 0), C(caret)N (n = 1), and N(caret)N{prime} (n = 2) aromatic ligands. Structural characteristics are reported. Structural features indicate that the Pt-C bond distance is shorter than the Pt-N bond distance in symmetrical complexes and that the Pt-P bond distance trans to N is shorter than the Pt-P bond trans to C. This is consistent with the {sup 31}P NMR spectra where the chemical shift of the P trans to C is {approximately}10 ppm less than found for P trans to N. The energy maxima of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer band for the complexes containing various L-L{prime} ligands occur in the near-UV region of the spectrum and fall into the energy series bpy > bph > phen > 2-phpy > 2-ptpy > 2-phq > 7,9-bzq, where bpy ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper discussed issues related to the storage of electricity produced from renewable energy sources. Storage systems currently used by distribution systems were reviewed. The study showed that successful storage systems ensure high charging and discharging rates for shorter periods of time. Systems with high storage capacities must also be able to store energy for longer periods of time than traditional energy storage systems. Systems include pumped storage plants; electro-chemical accumulators; compressed air accumulators; and redox flow batteries. Hydrogen technologies for the storage of electric energy from renewable sources were reviewed. The paper also outlined energy storage and fuel cell research currently being conducted by researchers in the Czech Republic. The study concluded by stating that new energy storage technologies are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The distribution profiles of the chemical structural changes induced in low density polyethylene(LDPE) irradiated by various ion-beams were obtained by micro-FT-IR measurement. Predominant species induced by ion-beam irradiation were trans-vinylene, hydroxyl group and carbonyl group. It was found that the depth profiles of these species resemble the Bragg curve, but they are rather different from the depth profile of the stopping power calculated by TRIM code. The terminal of the chemical reaction was observed to be deeper than the range calculated by TRIM code for all ion particles. This suggests that the energy profile in the region which the energy of the ion particle becomes lower is very complicated. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report summarizes the work performed by Honeywell during the October 2001 to December 2001 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. The conceptual and demonstration system designs were proposed and analyzed, and these systems have been modeled in Aspen Plus. Work has also started on the assembly of dynamic component models and the development of the top-level controls requirements for the system. SOFC stacks have been fabricated and performance mapping initiated.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Presently, most charge state distributions produced with highly charged ion sources are predicted with models that approximate the ionization process with the Lotz formula. The Lotz ionization cross sections decrease approximately geometrically with increasing charge state except for ions with very few vacancies, for ions with very few electrons, and for electron impact energies which barely exceed the ionization energy. The geometrical decrease causes these models to predict a maximum abundance for most of the charge states, which is only weakly dependent on the charge state. Experimental results, however, yield much higher abundances for ions with an empty M shell than ions with a partly filled M shell. This difference is explained with indirect ionization processes that are neglected by the Lotz approximation, and normally can be neglected for the ionization of the L shell, but can dominate the ionization of the M shell. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The main objective of the present study is twofold: (i) to analyze thermal loads of the geothermally and passively heated solar greenhouses; and (ii) to investigate wind energy utilization in greenhouse heating which is modeled as a hybrid solar assisted geothermal heat pump and a small wind turbine system which is separately installed in the Solar Energy Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. The study shows 3.13% of the total yearly electricity energy consumption of the modeled system (3568 kWh) or 12.53% of the total yearly electricity energy consumptions of secondary water pumping, brine pumping, and fan coil (892 kWh) can be met by using small wind turbine system (SWTS) theoretically. According to this result, modeled passive solar pre heating technique and combined with geothermal heat pump system (GHPS) and SWTS can be economically preferable to the conventional space ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We studied the influence of alloying on the structural and electronic properties of the unrelaxed and relaxed Si_1_-_yC_y random alloys by means of ab initio theoretical calculations using two methods: (i) a supercell approach in connection with the plane-wave pseudopotential method; (ii) the full-potential augmented plane-wave plus local orbitals (APW+lo) method. The first method is used to obtain the relaxed atomic structure. The relaxed atomic positions obtained by pseudopotential calculations were used to calculate the band structure via the second method. The local density approximation was used for the exchange and correlation energy density functional. We investigated the lattice parameters and band gap energies. We found that a quite smaller gap appears in the neighborhood of y=0.03125 concentration of C atoms. The band gap shows a large anomalous bowing and is strongly composition dependent. The electron densities ...

CERN Document Server

The PEP-II storage rings at SLAC each have 3492 'buckets' into which electrons and positrons can be injected into the high- and low-energy rings. Equipment to measure the currents of all the individual buckets was originally provided by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and is implemented in VXI-based hardware. Data from this equipment as well as high precision direct current measurement provide the hard data for the Bunch Injection Controller. A large number of parameters determined by injection design considerations as well as set by operators for different circumstances are also used by the software algorithms to determine the desired bucket injection order and charge quantity for each injection pulse. These requests are then passed on to the venerable SLAC master pattern generator, which provides beams for other applications as well. This highly visible and highly successful system is implemented using the EPICS toolkit, and fits well into ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The polarization of extracted SATURNE II proton beam as a function of different ion source configurations was studied. Two distinct experiments were necessary for this purpose. In the first one, the left-right instrumental asymmetry of the beam polarimeter was determined using an unpolarized beam. In the second one this correction factor was applied to asymmetries measured with the beam from the polarized ion source in all polarization states. The measurements were carried out at the proton beam kinetic energy 0.80 GeV, where the pp-elastic scattering analyzing power is near its maximum. The results confirmed that the two so-called ``unpolarized states`` of the source were polarized to several percent, whereas the absolute values of the beam polarizations in the so-called ``polarized states`` were equal and opposite. It was observed that the hexapole lens of the ion source produced beam polarization in the absence of any transition. The beam ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Results of an experimental study of the interaction of 140 MeV alpha particles with _9_0Zr nuclei resulting in fragmentation of the alpha particle are reported. The experimental observations of the study are analyzed and are found to show that alpha particle breakup reactions leading to at least 4-body final states, composed of two charged alpha particle fragments, contribute significantly to the singles yield of charged fragments observed at a fixed forward angle. The conclusions are based on coincidence measurements where one charged fragment is detected at a small forward angle which remains fixed, while the second charged fragment is detected at a series of coplanar secondary angles. The largest coincidence charged particle yield for the multiparticle final state events results from _9_0Zr(#alpha#,pp)X reactions, where both of the measured protons have energy distributions similar to the proton singles energy ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A study has been made of the reaction [sup 86]Kr + [sup 63]Cu at incident energies of 486, 550, 640, and 730 MeV. Measurements include cross sections, angular distributions, and energy spectra for light charged particles ([sup 1,2,3]H and [sup 4]He), intermediate mass fragments (IMF) (4 [le] Z [le] 17), and heavy fragments (Z [ge] 18). Coincidences between light charged particles and between particles and fragments have been measured to obtain cross sections, energy spectra, and angular distributions. Statistical model analysis of the energy spectra for [sup 1]H and [sup 4]He detected in coincidence with the fragments has allowed estimation of [sup 1]H and [sup 4]He multiplicities associated with the evaporation residues, fragments, and composite nuclei prior to scission. A comparison of cross sections, energy spectra, angular ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This is the 1st revision of the INIS/ETDE Joint Thesaurus. It contains 20 953 valid descriptors and 8 600 forbidden terms. It was last updated in December 2003. The Joint Thesaurus contains the controlled terminology for indexing all information within the subject scope of both INIS (International Nuclear Information System) and ETDE (Energy Technology Data Exchange) information systems. The terminology is intended for use in subject description for input or retrieval of information in those systems. The thesaurus is a terminological control device used in translating from the natural language of documents, indexers or users into a more constrained system language It is also a controlled and dynamic vocabulary of semantically and generically related terms which covers a specific domain of knowledge. The domain of knowledge covered by this Thesaurus includes physics (in particular, plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics, and especially nuclear and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The needs of large industrial, commercial, and institutional energy consumers are more closely connected with the needs of power utilities and energy services companies, a result of the evolving global energy environment. Consumer choice, competition amongst energy suppliers, and increased demand are brought about in some regions by deregulation. Increasingly, large energy consumers expect high levels of quality and reliability from the energy delivered. As a result, management of the cost and the quality of the energy product and the energy assets that produce, deliver, control and consume it requires different strategies. Three major challenges must be overcome: (1) requirement to support economic and efficient delivery, purchasing and use of energy, (2) requirement to guarantee higher levels of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An intensified integration of renewable energies and a more extensive use of combined heat and power lead to an increasingly decentralized power economy. Such an economy is characterized by the conversion of energy at the point of the energy demand and depending on the energy system, by the possibility of balancing the fluctuating supply of renewable energies. In the long run, there is no doubt that fuel cells will be part of such a sustainable and flexible energy concept. The scope of this dissertation includes an analysis of the flexibility of fuel cells in energy supply (1,5 kW{sub el}), an assessment of the potential to compensate for the fluctuating supply of wind energy by an aggregation of decentralized fuel cells and a participation as a contractor in the spot and balance energy markets. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The conversion of off-peak surplus electricity into peak electricity through an electrolyzer, hydrogen storage, and fuel cell energy storage system was discussed. Development efforts in high pressure alkaline electrolysis and Proton-Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells have improved the near-term viability of these systems. Potential use of wind turbines and other renewable energy-based generation systems, through hydrogen-based energy storage, were discussed as a new supply of surplus electricity. An integrated set of nomographs were presented for providing quick estimates of peak electricity costs derived from an electrolyzer/hydrogen fuel cell system. The nomographs allowed first order cost comparisons of centralized versus distributed hydrogen energy systems considering trade-offs between production economies of scale and hydrogen storage and transport costs. Use of the nomographs ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A brief overview is given of the geological characteristics of each region of the state as they relate to potential geothermal development. Those exploration methods which can lead to the siting of a deep exploration well are described. Requirements and techniques needed for drilling deeper higher temperature exploration and production wells are presented. Electrical generation, direct utilization, and indirect utilization are reviewed. Economic factors of direct use projects are presented. A general guide to the regulatory framework affecting geothermal energy development is provided. The general steps necessary to gain access to explore, develop, distribute, and use geothermal resources are outlined. (MHR)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We report experimental evidence of a previously unseen species-dependent effect in the transverse emittances of momentum analysed /sup 28/Si/sup -/, /sup 58/Ni/sup -/ and /sup 197/Au/sup -/ ion beams generated by caesium ion sputtering. The high-resolution emittance measurement techniques employed in this work have enabled us to estimate the energy spreads of these ion beams; differences in the widths of the energy distributions are the origin of the observed differences in emittances of the ion beams investigated. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A helium-3 proportional detector was equipped with the experiment of Liaw-type electrolytic cell contained eutectic LiCl-KCl molten salt saturated by LiD electrolytic to collect the informations of the rate and the energy distribution of possible neutron produced during the electrolysis processes. For long time monitoring, the significant reproducible neutron bursts appeared at several runs of cells during electrolytic processing. The neutron counting rate increased about a factor of two above the level of the background measurement. The pulse height signals were verified of neutron energy ranging from thermal up to 350 keV. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A brief overview is given of the geological characteristics of each region of the state as they relate to potential geothermal development. Those exploration methods which can lead to the siting of a deep exploration well are described. Requirements and techniques needed for drilling deeper higher temperature exploration and production wells are presented. Electrical generation, direct utilization, and indirect utilization are reviewed. Economic factors of direct use projects are presented. A general guide to the regulatory framework affecting geothermal energy development is provided. The general steps necessary to gain access to explore, develop, distribute, and use geothermal resources are outlined. (MHR)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The numerous challenges facing the North American electric utility industry were discussed. In addition to competition, electric utilities are faced with low demand growth, public pressure to avoid adding transmission and distribution capacity, and strict environmental requirements. In view of these developments, large central generation additions that have been industry norm until recently, do not always make economic sense in the current environment. Instead, smaller, distributed additions to generating capacity is becoming the new norm. Small-scale on-site generating capacity has the added advantage of reducing the need for expensive high-voltage transmission lines. The Ballard generation system described here is a modular, efficient fuel cell-based solution to implementing distributed power concepts. The system is natural gas fueled, with low noise, vibration and emissions. Apart from its other advantages, it provides ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oxygen-16 induced fission studies of "2"0"9Bi have been carried out at particle energies of 89.5 MeV using gamma ray spectrometry. The cross sections for the production of fission products have been determined. The yield distribution of fission products has been found to be broad (FWHM #approx =# mass units) with a peak near mass #approx =# 108. The charge distribution in the "1"6O ion induced fission of "2"0"9Bi has also been studied at particle energy of 89.5 MeV. The relative cumulative yields of "9"2Sr, "9"7Zr, "9"9Mo, "1"0"1Mo, "1"1"2Pd and "1"1"7"mCd have been determined using gamma ray spectrometry. The width of charge distribution has been found to be broad. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yields of light fission products (A = 68, 70-84, 87, 88, 94, 96, 98, 102 and 106-108), their kinetic energies and nuclear charge distributions (A 71-84, 87 and 88) in the thermal neutron induced fission of the odd-Z nucleus {sup 242m}Am(Z = 95) were measured using the mass-separator Lohengrin at the Institute Laue-Langevin in Grenoble (France). The mass yield curve shows a fine structure at A = 70, probably due to shell and/or odd-even effects affecting also the nuclear charge distribution. The analysis of isotopic chain yields gives evidence for a very low excitation energy of the lightest fission fragments observed. A preferential formation of fragments with even Z is found for this odd-Z compound nucleus. Calculated values for the local odd-even effect are comparable with those for the neighbouring even-Z fissile nuclides and increase from 13% to 30% with increasing asymmetry of the mass split (A{sub ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A model for coherent fluctuations of the nuclear density including all nucleons in the fluctuation movement is formulated. The wave function of the flucton satisfies a Schroedinger-type equation in which the role of potential energy is played by the energy of the nuclear matter for the A nucleons. The appearance of high-momentum components in the one-particle momentum distribution is related to the volume fluctuations of the density. These fluctuations are supposed to be of coherent nature, i.e. all nucleons are involved in the motion. An explicit expression for the momentum distribution of the nucleons in "1"2C and "1"8"1Ta nuclei is obtained and compared with the phenomenological momentum distribution as well as with the results given by the model of a non-relativistic harmonic oscillator and by the Dirac equation in the self-consistent model. The differential cross-section of 1 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The energy distribution of neutrons generated due to bombardment of 40 MeV alpha particles on thick elemental tantalum is measured using threshold activation detectors. A method of unfolding the neutron spectrum from the activation data based on information-entropy weighted average solution is described. The present unfolding method does not require 'a priori' information about the shape of the solution spectrum. 16 refs. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new article identification method based on the measurement of Bragg-curve centroids using a gas-filled ionization chamber has been improved for detection of low-energy particles around 1 MeV per nucleon by introducing a nonuniform distribution of resistance on the anode electrode. Almost the same quality of Z-resolutions as in the conventional ..delta..E-E method could be obtained up to Z=19.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asean Brown Boveri (ABB) developed Glass (Global access for service and support), a monitoring system for the remote control and management of ABB supplied equipment and other equipment through the Internet. Glass can be applied for many different systems, e.g. automated substations of electric power distribution systems or train equipment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The paper contains a numerical evaluation of the expressions for the absorptive potential in heavy ion reactions given earlier. With a standard folding expression for the real part of the ion-ion potential general good agreement is found with experimental data for the angular distributions of elastic and inelastic scattering. Special interest is attached to the case of "1"6O + "2"8Si where the calculated imaginary potential is very small at low bombarding energies. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Runit Island on Enewetak Atoll was very heavily impacted by the U.S. nuclear testing campaign in the northern Marshall Islands (1946-58). The primary source of contamination on Runit Island was the 1958 Quince safety test where a large quantity of device plutonium (Pu) was scattered over the area near the GZ. A second low-yield device was detonated on the same site 10 days later, further disturbing the soil and leaving behind a very heterogeneous pattern of contamination including milligram-size particles of plutonium. A limited cleanup of the Fig-Quince zone was carried out in 1979. During this period, the effectiveness of the cleanup operations was primarily evaluated on the basis of bulk soil concentration data with little consideration given to the heterogeneity and long-term material-, biological-, and environmental-specific impacts of residual high activity (hot) particle contamination. The aim of the present study was twofold; (i) to characterize the levels and ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway is a conserved regulator of longevity, development, and metabolism. In Caenorhabditis elegans IIS involves activation of DAF-2 (insulin/IGF-1...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The work reported is to evaluate two alternative resource recovery systems which would produce a fuel or an energy product (steam) for sale to an industrial plant. The first alternative is a refuse derived fuel (RDF) production facility which would process waste to produce fuel for sale to the plant. The RDF would be co-fired with coal in new boilers. The second alternative is a mass burn steam generation facility which would produce high pressure superheated steam for sale. The steam would be used by the plant to cogenerate electricity and for the process. Conceptual designs are developed for each alternative to form the basis of estimates of capital and operating costs and potential energy revenues. Operating requirements are developed for both alternatives. An assessment is made of the impact of both alternatives on the environment, and it is concluded that the impact of either alternative will be negligible. Order of magnitude estimates are ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The National Bureau of Standards' (NBS) CW racetrack microtron (RTM) will be utilized as a driver for a free electron laser (FEL) oscillator. The NBS RTM possesses many exceptional properties of value for the FEL: i) CW operation, ii) energy from 20-185 MeV, iii) small energy spread and emittance, iv) excellent energy stability, and v) high average power. The 1-D FEL gain formula predicts that the FEL would oscillate at the fundamental approximately from 0.25 #mu#m to 10 #mu#m when up-grading the peak current to #>=# 2 A. In this paper, the authors present 3-D self-consistent numerical results including several realistic effects, such as emittance, betatron oscillations, diffraction and refraction. The results indicate that the design value of the transverse emittance is small enough that it does not degrade the FEL performance for intermediate to long wavelengths, and only slightly degrades the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present sensitive high angular resolution (0.''57-0.''78) SO, SO_2, CO, C_2H_5OH, HC_3N, and HCOCH_2OH line observations at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths of the young O-type protostar W51 North made with the Submillimeter Array. We report the presence of a large (about 8000 AU) and hot molecular circumstellar disk around this object, which connects the inner dusty disk with the molecular ring or toroid reported recently and confirms the existence of a single bipolar outflow emanating from this object. The molecular emission from the large disk is observed in layers with the transitions characterized by high excitation temperatures in their lower energy states (up to 1512 K) being concentrated closer to the central massive protostar. The molecular emission from those transitions with low or moderate excitation temperatures is found in the outermost parts of the disk and exhibits an inner cavity with an angular size of around 0.''7. We modeled all lines ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON) document describes the inventory of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CH-TRU waste within the transportation parameters specified by the Contact-Handled Transuranic Waste Authorized Methods for Payload Control (CH-TRAMPAC). The CH-TRAMPAC defines the allowable payload for the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) and HalfPACT packagings. This document is a catalog of TRUPACT-II and HalfPACT authorized contents and a description of the methods utilized to demonstrate compliance with the CH-TRAMPAC. A summary of currently approved content codes by site is presented in Table 1. The CH-TRAMPAC describes "shipping categories" that are assigned to each payload container. Multiple shipping categories may be assigned to a single content code. A summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories is provided in Table 2, which consists of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To realise the Dutch objectives of energy saving and emission reductions in the built environment, the use of 'Low Valued Energy' will be necessary in the future. Low Valued Energy is available from residual, ambient heat and renewable sources. Using Low Valued Energy for space heating in commercial and residential buildings requires adjusting the design of the installations, i.e. lowering the design supply temperature of the heating system from 90C to 55C or less. Appropriate heat distribution systems, e.g. floor or wall heating and radiators, have a life cycle of 40 to 50 years. The application (on a large scale in buildings), however, requires an enormous change in the installation and building branch. To enable the application of low temperature sources in the future, the building and installation designs should be based on low temperature ...

Science.gov (United States)

We consider a unified model of Fe ion acceleration in the solar corona. The model comprises charge-changing processes, Coulomb energy losses, and both regular and stochastic acceleration. At a given acceleration scenario, the type of acceleration is found to have a minor effect on the mean charge states, but the shapes of the charge-state distributions produced by regular acceleration and by stochastic acceleration are different. During a continual acceleration at coronal temperatures, iron ions typically follow rising trajectories on the charge-energy plane. These trajectories are situated below the mean equilibrium charge curve defined from the balance of ionization and recombination at fixed energy. During stopping, the iron ions cross the equilibrium charge curve and run through a series of charge states above the mean equilibrium charge at current energy, because the Coulomb ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There is now a scientific consensus that current rates of accumulation of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere will result in significant global warming and climate change. These changes are likely to have important impacts on a wide range of human activities and the natural environment. There has now been a considerable weight of literature published on the impacts of global warming, much of it very recent. This report seeks to summarise the important results, to analyse the uncertainties and to make a preliminary analysis of the feasibility of monetarising these environmental costs. The impacts of global warming are divided into ten major categories: agriculture, forests and forestry, terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity, hydrology and water resources, sea level rise and coastal zones, energy, infrastructure/transport/industry, human health and air quality, oceans, and cryospheric impacts. The results of major summary reports are analysed, notably the report of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Severe accident analysis has been performed for the Wolsung nuclear power= plants in Korea to investigate severe accident phenomena of CANDU-600 reactors as a part of Level II PSA study. The accident sequence analyzed in this paper is loss of active heat sinks (LOAH) which is caused by loss of off-site power, diesel generators, and DC power. ISAAC (Integrated Severe Accident Analysis Code) computer code developed by KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) was used in this analysis. This paper describes the important thermal-hydraulics and source term behaviors in the primary system and inside containment, and the failure mechanisms of calandria vessel and containment. In addition, some insights for accident management program (AMP) are also given. (Author) 5 refs., 1 tab., 12 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors present the results of a search for W{prime} boson decaying to electron-neutrino pairs in p{bar p} collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, using a data sample corresponding to 205 pb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity collected by the CDF II detector at Fermilab. They observe no evidence for this decay mode and set limits on the production cross section times branching fraction, assuming the neutrinos from W{prime} boson decays to be light. If they assume the manifest left-right symmetric model, they exclude a W{prime} boson with mass less than 788 GeV/c{sup 2} at the 95% confidence level.

Science.gov (United States)

The funding for a coal-liquefaction demonstration plant near Morgantown, W.Va., appears more certain since Japan has committed $175 million toward the project. West Germany has already signed a memorandum of understanding to contribute 25% of the expected $700 million cost. West Virginia Governor J. Rockefeller has said that he feels sure the Carter Administration will approve the project since half the money is assured. The solvent-refined-coal (SRC) demonstration program began in July 1978 with the award of two separate multiphased contracts for development of a solid process, SRC-I, and a liquid process, SRC-II. The US Department of Energy is expected to choose one of the projects for detailed design and construction by the end of fiscal 1979.

Science.gov (United States)

This report is part of a four-volume study of Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) economics. This volume describes a computer model of VAWT cost and performance factors useful for system design and optimization. The content and limitations of the model are outlined. Output data are presented to demonstrate selection of optima and to indicate sensitivity of energy cost to design parameter variations. Optimized specifications generated by this model for six point designs are summarized. These designs subsequently receive a detailed economic analysis discussed in Volume IV. An appendix is included with a FORTRAN IV listing of the model and a description of the input/output characteristics.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radiation Damage Calculations for the FUBR and BEATRIX Irradiations of Lithium Compunds in EBR-II and FFTF

Science.gov (United States)

... and high-quality photospheric-phase Type II SN spectra to constrain core- collapse SN explosions, massive star evolution, and distances in the Universe ...

Science.gov (United States)

... 4 II. INERTIAL NAVIGATION ERROR EQUATIONS ..... 5 ... 4- Page 20. Chapter II INERTIAL NAVIGATION ERROR EQUATIONS ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We studied the effects of small, <20 {micro}m, Te inclusions on the energy resolution of CdZnTe gamma-ray detectors using a highly collimated X-ray beam and gamma-rays, and modeled them via a simplified geometrical approach. Previous reports demonstrated that Te inclusions of about a few microns in diameter degraded the charge-transport properties and uniformity of CdZnTe detectors. The goal of this work was to understand the extent to which randomly distributed Te-rich inclusions affect the energy resolution of CZT detectors, and to define new steps to overcome their deleterious effects. We used a phenomenological model, which depends on several adjustable parameters, to reproduce the experimentally measured effects of inclusions on energy resolution. We also were able to hound the materials-related problem and predict the enhancement in performance expected by reducing the size and number of Te ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

New market based approaches are becoming increasingly important as instruments of environmental policy. The two main market approaches, i.e., transferable pollution permits (experimented in America), and 'green' energy surcharges (European philosophy), are described and discussed. An analysis of information on their state of implementation shows that, in the case of the former method, the greatest sources of difficulty arise in the determination of acceptable ceiling levels of emissions, in the distribution of permits among the various polluting firms, and in the legality of granting rights to pollute. Instead, the European experience has evidenced that energy surcharges motivated by environmental policy cannot have an appreciable positive impact on consumers or the economic system in general unless they are accompanied by well defined measures geared towards the promotion or creation of alternative ...

Science.gov (United States)

A glass heat pipe is adapted for use as a solar energy absorber in an evacuated tube solar collector and for transferring the absorbed solar energy to a working fluid medium or heat sink for storage or practical use. A capillary wick is formed of granular glass particles fused together by heat on the inside surface of the heat pipe with a water glass binder solution to enhance capillary drive distribution of the thermal transfer fluid in the heat pipe throughout the entire inside surface of the evaporator portion of the heat pipe. Selective coatings are used on the heat pipe surface to maximize solar absorption and minimize energy radiation, and the glass wick can alternatively be fabricated with granular particles of black glass or obsidian.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The software package VIBA-lab1, which incorporates PIXE and RBS energy spectra simulation has now been extended to include the simulation of elemental maps from 3D structures. VIBA-lab1 allows the user to define a wide variety of experimental parameters, e.g. energy and species of incident ions, excitation and detection geometry, etc. When the relevant experimental parameters as well as target composition are defined, the program can then simulate the corresponding PIXE and RBS spectra. VIBA-LAB2 has been written with applications in nuclear microscopy in mind. A set of drag-and-drop tools has been incorporated to allow the user to define a three-dimensional sample object of mixed elemental composition. PIXE energy spectra simulations are then carried out on pixel-by-pixel basis and the corresponding intensity distributions or elemental maps can be computed. Several simulated intensity ...

CERN Document Server

The delayed detonation model describes the observational properties of the majority of type Ia supernovae very well. Using numerical data from a three-dimensional deflagration model for type Ia supernovae, the intermittency of the turbulent velocity field and its implications on the probability of a deflagration-to-detonation (DDT) transition are investigated. From structure functions of the turbulent velocity fluctuations, we determine intermittency parameters based on the log-normal and the log-Poisson models. On the other hand, the analysis of the turbulent velocity fluctuations in the vicinity of the flame front by Roepke suggests a much higher probability of large velocity fluctuations on the grid scale in comparison to the log-normal intermittency model. Following Pan et al., we computed probability density functions for a DDT for the different distributions. Assuming that a DDT can occur in the stirred flame regime, as proposed by Woosley et al., the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work, a model for determining the optimal inspection and replacement periods of the safety system in Wolsung Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1 is developed, which is to minimize economic loss caused by inadvertent trip and the system failure. This model uses cost benefit analysis method and the part for optimal inspection period considers the human error. The model is based on three factors as follows: (i) The cumulative failure distribution function of the safety system, (ii) The probability that the safety system does not operate due to failure of the system or human error when the safety system is needed at an emergency condition and (iii) The average probability that the reactor is tripped due to the failure of system components or human error. The model then is applied to evaluate the safety system in Wolsung Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1. The optimal replacement periods which are calculated with proposed model differ from those used in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sudden changes in the temperature of flowing liquids can result in transient buoyancy forces which strongly impact the flow hydrodynamics via flow stratification. These effects have been studied for the case of potential flow of stratified liquids to line sinks, but not for moderator flow in SRS reactors. Standard codes, such as TRAC and COMMIX, do not have the capability to capture the stratification effect, due to strong numerical diffusion which smears away the hot/cold fluid interface. A related problem with standard codes is the inability to track plumes injected into the liquid flow, again due to numerical diffusion. The combined effects of buoyant stratification and plume dispersion have been identified as being important in operation the Supplementary Safety System which injects neutron-poison ink into SRS reactors to provide safe shutdown in the event of safety rod failure. The MODFLOW code discussed here provides transient moderator flow pattern information with ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

IntroductionCopper(II)-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone), or Cu-ATSM, a hypoxia imaging agent, has been shown to be predictive of response to traditional cancer therapies in patients with a wide range of tumors. It is known that the environment of the tumor results in a myriad of physiological consequences, including hypoxia, alterations in metabolism and proliferation. In an effort to better characterize the relationships between Cu-ATSM and other prominent radiopharmaceuticals, this current study was undertaken to compare the regional distribution of 64Cu-ATSM with [18F]fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO), [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) and [18F]fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) in 9L tumors.MethodsTaking advantage of the different half-life of 18F (t1/2=110 min) in comparison to 64Cu...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

On June 2, 1992, Landers` earthquake struck the Solar Electric Generating System II, located in Daggett, California. The 30 megawatt power station, operated by the Daggett Leasing Corporation (DLC), suffered substantial damage due to structural failures in the solar farm. These failures consisted of the separation of sliding joints supporting a distribution of parabolic glass mirrors. At separation, the mirrors fell to the ground and broke. It was the desire of the DLC and the Solar Thermal Design Assistance Center (STDAC) of Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and to redesign these joints so that, in the event of future quakes, costly breakage will be avoided. To accomplish this task, drawings of collector components were developed by the STDAC, from which a detailed finite element computer model of a solar collector was produced. This nonlinear dynamic model, which consisted of over 8,560 degrees of freedom, underwent model reduction to form a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

(Materials and Methods) (I) VX/sub 2/ carcinoma was transplanted to the rabbit tibia, sup(99m)Tc-MDP was intravenously injected when bone destruction was radiologically seen. Preoperative scintigraphs, postoperative one of the resected tibia and fibra and scintigraphs of sliced tumor were compared with each other. Tissue fragments were collected from the sliced tumor, and RI was measured to compare concentration rates at different parts together with histological investigations. (II) Tetracycline was given to the rabbit of Experiment (I) to compare with the concentration of sup(99m)Tc-MDP. (III) Microautoradiography method was done on the experimental animals for investigation of the concentration of sup(99m)Tc-MDP. (Results) (I) Localization of sup(99m)Tc-MDP was increased at the sites of tumorous bone formation, of reactive bone formation at tumor edges, and of cartilage calcification, with little concentration at tumor cells or necrotic tissue. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neutron time-of flight spectra were measured from 90 MeV protons and 140 MeV alpha-particle bombardment of Al, Ni, Zr, and Bi at laboratory angles between 20/sup 0/ and 130/sup 0/. The proton induced neutron spectra reveal three distinct energy regions; a low energy evaporation region, a high-energy region dominated by quasi-free scattering processes and an intermediate-energy region dominated by multi-step, pre-equilibrium processes. In the latter two regions, the spectra show strong angular dependence. The alpha-induced neutron spectra show these same distinct energy regions plus an exponential fall-off above the beam energy per nucleon. The high-energy portions of the forward-angle neutron and proton cross sections are in ratios consistent with the assumption that single nucleon-nucleon scattering dominates. For heavy-mass targets, the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The refrigerant two-phase flows in a capillary tube and a distributor used in a compression-type refrigerator were visualized by real-time neutron radiography. The thermal neutron radiography system of JRR-3M at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute was used. In the visualization experiments of the two-phase flow in the capillary tube of 2 mm I.D., a cooled CCD camera was used, and the axial one-dimensional distributions of void fraction were measured. For the distributor, a high sensitivity video camera with a silicone intensified target tube was used. From the visualized images, the refrigerant behaviors in the distributor were clearly shown, and the liquid fraction in each tube was measured. As a result, it was shown that the refrigerant behaviors in the distributor effected the distributing performance of the refrigerant flow.