International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper presents the effect of precursor powder size on the thermoelectric properties of sintered nanostructured bulk materials. The transport properties of the nanostructured bulk show a dramatic size effect. There are a lower thermal and electrical conductivity for the bulk with smaller nanopowders. The dimensionless figure-of merit values (ZT) of almost all the samples are much lower than those of the list reported data in the paper because the decrease in the thermal conductivity is counteracted by the reduction in the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient. The combination route of hydro/solvothermal synthesis and spark-plasma-sintering method provide a well controlled way to significantly reduce the thermal conductivity.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Preparation and electrocatalytic reactions of nano porous materials in biodegradable fluids were studied. Electrochemical etching was conducted to selectively extract metallic elements from alloys to form porous structures. Electrocatalytic properties of the porous electrodes were characterized. Comparative studies on the electrochemical activities of the nano porous metallic electrodes with bulk metallic wire catalysts were performed. It is found that the current density at the nano porous electrode is three times higher than that of the bulk electrode

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Some acylhydrazine derived ONO donor Schiff bases and their Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes have been prepared having the same metal ion (cation) but different anions. These synthesized metal(II)...Full Text Available

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rabbit antisera raised to human and chicken MHC molecules were used to immunoprecipitate cross-reactive molecules from biosynthetically and cell surface-labeled spleen and/or blood cells of representative vertebrate species. Five major points emerged: 1) There were many nonspecific cross-reactions using these techniques, so various criteria were developed to distinguish these from true MHC-like molecules. 2) Only very small subpopulations of immunogen-specific antibodies cross-reacted with MHC-like molecules in other nonmammalian species. These subpopulations were different for each species and even within a species, sometimes being so limited as to behave like alloantisera. This led to a very scattered pattern of true cross-reactions that sometimes failed to reflect the properties of the bulk antibody population. 3) Antisera containing antibodies to class II beta- and class I alpha-chains cross-reacted better and more ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Since the 1950s a transport revolution has occurred comparable to events in the late nineteenth century when sailing ships were replaced by steam vessels. Freight rates for bulk products have decreased 65-70% due to improved maritime technology, and formerly separate markets for bulk products have been unified globally. It is suggested that the low freight rates since the early 1980s will level out in future. Price peaks caused by political and military crises like the Korean war, the Suez crisis, OPEC I and OPEC II also seem to be of diminishing importance over time. The world market has become much less sensitive to external shocks due to alternative sources of supply and alternative transport routes. Examples are given from the coal, grain and iron ore international market. 62 refs., 24 figs., 4 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The structural ordering of oxygen deficient and Co-doped YBCO (YBa_2Cu_3_-_yCo_yO_6_+_x) have been studied experimentally, and by computer simulations of the oxygen ordering in the basal plane of the structure. The calculations are based on the two-dimensional ASYNNNI model and its modifications. Good agreement is established between the ASYNNNI calculations and the experimentally observed structural properties of the double cell ortho-II structure and the oxygen disordering process from Co-doping into the basal plane. A model that relates the superconducting transition temperature T_c(x) of undoped YBCO and T_c(y) of Co-doped YBCO to the formation of specific domains of the two orthorhombic ordered oxygen phases, ortho-I and ortho-II, shows a close agreement with experimental T_c(x) and T_c(y) data of samples prepared under equilibrium conditions. The structural changes as a result of metal ion substitutions and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using an ab initio pseudopotential method within a generalized gradient approximation of the density functional theory, the structural, electronic, and phonon properties of SrS in the B1 (NaCl) and B2 (CsCl) structures have been studied. The calculated lattice constants, static bulk modulus, and first-order pressure derivative of the bulk modulus are reported for both the B1 and B2 structures and compared with previous experimental and theoretical calculations. Electronic band structures and densities of states have been derived for SrS. Subsequently, a linear-response approach to the density functional theory is used to derive the phonon frequencies and densities of states.

Wastenet

ii) Flammability: (iii) A capacity to oxidise: (iv) Corrosiveness: (v) Toxicity (including chronic ...an explosion or fire: (d) For substances with corrosive properties: (i) To reduce the ...likelihood of any unintended corrosion:(ii) To control the adverse effects of any corrosion:

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The electronic structure and properties of the cubic Laves phase (C15) compounds ZrZn/sub 2/ and ZrV/sub 2/ have been determined using our all-electron full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method for bulk solids. The computations were performed in two stages: (i) self-consistent warped muffin tin and (ii) self-consistent full potential. Spin-orbit coupling was included after either stage. The effects of the inclusion of the nonspherical terms inside the muffin tins on the eigenvalues is found to be small (of order 1 mRy). However, due to the fact that some of the bands near the Fermi level are flat, this effect leads to a much higher value of the density of states at E/sub F/ in ZnZr/sub 2/. The most important difference between the materials ZrZn/sub 2/ and ZrV/sub 2/ is the position of the d bands derived from the Zr and V atoms. Consequently, these materials have completely different Fermi surfaces. We ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

When liquids are confined in nano-scopic dimensions, their properties differ from the corresponding bulk liquid, due to their reduced dimensionality and surface effects. Phase transition temperatures and pressures are often shifted from the bulk values and new phases can appear due to the strong interactions of the molecules with the confining walls. We have studied the structural and dynamical properties of aromatic liquids such as benzene, toluene, and ortho-terphenyl confined in nano-porous materials, MCM-41 and SBA-15, synthesized and characterized in our laboratory. A non-trivial dependence of the glass transition temperature, Tg, on the pore size and surface treatment of nano-porous materials is confirmed and interpreted as resulting from a competition between the fluid-wall and fluid-fluid intermolecular interactions. An increase of Tg is observed for small pore sizes and attractive surface while ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Epitaxial films grown pseudomorphically on substrates provide a way to stabilise non-equilibrium structures of materials. Obviously, there always is a certain lattice misfit between substrate and film material in its bulk equilibrium structure. In the pseudomorphic regime, this misfit can either lead to the growth of films in a strained bulk structure or even yield structures that are not stable in the bulk. Large misfits do not necessarily imply large lateral stress. Theory can help to predict e.g. geometry, stress and magnetic properties of pseusomorphically grown metal films. In this work, we considered the fcc-bcc epitaxial Bain path of 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals, which provides a reasonable description of tetragonally distorted films on substrates. We carried out density functional calculations in the implementation of the full potential local orbital program package FPLO. Emphasis is put on ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper reviews the effects of neutron irradiation on thermal and mechanical properties and bulk tritium retention of armour materials (beryllium, tungsten and carbon). For each material, the main properties affected by neutron irradiation are described and the specific tests of neutron irradiated armour materials under thermal shock and disruption conditions are summarized. Based on current knowledge, the expected thermal and structural performance of neutron irradiated armour materials in the ITER plasma facing components are analysed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lateral and vertical variabilities in the bulk and mechanical properties of silicic volcanic tuff at the potential nuclear waste repository site in Yucca Mountain, NV have been evaluated. Laboratory measurements have been performed on tuff specimens recovered from boreholes located to support the design of the Exploratory Studies Facility/North Ramp. The data include dry and saturated bulk densities, average grain density, porosity, compressional and shear wave velocities, elastic moduli, and compressional and tensional fracture strengths. Data from eight boreholes aligned in a northwest-southeast direction have been collected under the required quality assurance program. Three boreholes have penetrated the potential repository horizon. The information collected provides for an accurate appraisal of the variability of rock properties in the vicinity of the boreholes. As expected, there is substantial ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The excess energy of several III-V and II-VI strained-layer semiconductor superlattices (AC)_p(BC)_p is studied as a function of the repeat period p and orientation G=[001], [110], [111], and [201], using first-principles calculations. We discover a number of universal features, including the predicted instability for nearly all p's and G's with respect to bulk disproportionation, the identification of chalcopyrite as a metastable ordered structure, and the stability of all thin epitaxial [110] and [201] and most common-anion [001] superlattices relative to coherent phase separation.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

New palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of saccharinate (sac), trans-[Pd(py)"2(sac)"2] (1), cis-[Pt(py)"2(sac)"2] (2), trans-[Pd(3-acpy)"2(sac)"2] (3) and cis-[Pt(3-acpy)"2(sac)"2] (4) (py=pyridine and 3-acpy=3-acetylpyridine) have been synthesized. Elemental analysis, UV-Vis, IR, NMR and TG/DTA characterizations have been carried out. The structures of 1-4 were determined by X-ray diffraction. The palladium(II) and platinum(II) ions are coordinated by two N-bonded sac ligands, and two nitrogen atoms of py or 3-acpy, forming a distorted square-planar geometry. The palladium(II) complexes (1 and 3) are trans isomers, while the platinum(II) complexes (2 and 4) are cis isomers. The mononuclear species in the solid state are connected by weak intermolecular C-H...O hydrogen bonds, C-H...@...

Science.gov (United States)

Some acylhydrazine derived ONO donor Schiff bases and their Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes have been prepared having the same metal ion (cation) but different anions. These synthesized metal(II) complexes have been characterized on the basis of their elemental analyses, magnetic moment, molar conductance, and IR and electronic spectral data. All of the Schiff base ligands function as tridentates and the deprotonated enolic form is preferred for coordination. In order to evaluate the effect of anions on the bactericidal activity, these synthesized complexes, in comparison to the uncomplexed Schiff bases have been screened against bacterial species., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the results are reported. PMID:18475936

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A scalar-relativistic procedure for calculating the valence-electron contribution to the total energy of bulk and thin-film solids has been developed and applied to the fcc and bcc phases of the group-VIB transition elements Cr, Mo, and W. This approach, which is based on the linear augmented-plane-wave method and local-density-functional theory, contains no shape approximations for either the charge density or potential. The formulation adopts a rigid-core approximation and incorporates an exact treatment of the core-charge tails that extend beyond the muffin-tin spheres. The application of this procedure to bcc Cr, Mo, and W yields calculated lattice parameters and bulk moduli that are in good (Cr) to excellent (Mo and W) agreement with experiment. The present calculated properties also agree quite well with the results of previous calculations involving a variety of band-structure methods. The calculated fcc-bcc energy ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Classical molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to investigate the salvation shell exchange kinetics of potassium ion in bulk water, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. The reactive flux method is used to compute the dissociation rates. The influence of the solvent on the reaction rates and kinetic properties of this exchange process will be discussed. Comparison will be also be made to the prediction of the Grote-Hynes theory.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The preparation, physical properties, and photophysical properties of [Pt(bph)(C[sub 2]H[sub 5])[sub 2]S][sub 2], [Pt(bph)(CH[sub 3]CN)[sub 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The solvation properties of a chlorine ion in small water clusters are investigated using state-of-the-art statistical mechanics. The simulations employ the polarizable water model developed recently by Dang [J. Chem. Phys. [bold 97], 2659 (1992)]. The ion--water interaction potentials are defined such that the successive binding energies for the ionic clusters, and the solvation enthalpy, bulk vertical binding energy, and structural properties of the aqueous solution agree with the best available results obtained from experiments. Simulated vertical electron binding energies of the ionic clusters Cl[sup [minus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A theoretical study of structural and electronic properties of GeC, SnC and GeSn is presented using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method. In this approach, the generalized gradient approximation was used for the exchange-correlation potential. Results are given for lattice constant, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative in both zinc-blende and rocksalt structures. Band structure, density of states and band gap pressure coefficients in zinc-blende structure are also given. The results are compared with previous calculations and with experimental measurements.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A study of the joint evolution of the normal- and neutron-star components of massive binaries opens with a classification scheme and the analytic expressions to be applied in Paper II for computer simulation of the observable properties of such systems.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Magnetic structures and magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) of tetragonal phase Fe_3Pt with an L1_2 atomic ordering in bulk and thin film are investigated by means of the first-principles full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method. The results obtained predict that the tetragonal phase, in which the tetragonal distortion with (c/a) = 0.95 makes an asymmetry of magnetic properties along the c-axis (out-of-plane) and a-axis (in-plane), has an out-of-plane MCA. In addition, from the thin film calculations, the presence of surface is found to strongly enhance the out-of-plane MCA.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Copper(II) bis(thiosemicarbazone) are very useful for blood flow and hypoxic imaging. The aim of this study was to identify structure-activity relationships (SARs) within a series of analogues with different substitution patterns in the ligands, in order to design improved hypoxia imaging agents and elucidate hypoxia selectivity mechanisms. Genetic algorithms (GAs) were used to develop specific copper metal-ligand force field parameters for the MM3 force-field calculations. These new parameters produced results in good agreement with experiment and previously reported copper metal-ligand parameters. A successful quantitative SAR (QSAR) for predicting the several classes of Cu(II)-chelating ligands was built using a training set of 21 Cu(II) complexes. The QSAR exhibited a correlat...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Local-density-functional calculations of the energy bands, equilibrium lattice constant, bulk modulus, and cohesive energy have been performed using a newly developed self-consistent full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) program. Scalar-relativistic effects are included for the band states, and the core-level states are treated fully relativistically in a central-field approximation. Excellent agreement is obtained with the experimental lattice constant and bulk modulus. Generally good agreement is obtained with the scalar-relativistic pseudopotential results of Bylander and Kleinman. In this context, the impact of various approximations used in including the core states is assessed, and these findings are related to the frozen-core and pseudopotential approximations, especially with regard to the treatment of the somewhat overlapping 5p semicore states and their effect on ground-state properties. Comparison ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of Mo addition on the glass-forming ability (GFA), magnetic properties, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of (Fe0.76Si0.096B0.084P0.06)100-xMox (x=0, 2, 4 and 6at.%) bulk glassy alloys (BGAs) with high Fe contents was investigated. The 2at.% Mo addition makes the alloy composition approach towards a eutectic point, which could result in an increase in the GFA. The BGA rod with diameters up to 3.5mm was produced by copper mold casting. These BGAs exhibit a rather high saturation magnetization of 0.98-1.51T and lower coercive force of 1.7-2.1A/m. A significant improvement in corrosion resistance was observed with microalloying Mo element in 1N H2SO4 solution. Furthermore, these Fe-based BGAs show super-high strength of ~3.3GPa and Young's modulus of 200GPa.

Science.gov (United States)

The excess energy of several III-V and II-VI strained-layer semiconductor superlattices ({ital AC}){sub {ital p}}(BC){sub p} is studied as a function of the repeat period {ital p} and orientation {bold G}=(001), (110), (111), and (201), using first-principles calculations. We discover a number of universal features, including the predicted instability for nearly all {ital p}'s and {bold G}'s with respect to {ital bulk} disproportionation, the identification of chalcopyrite as a metastable ordered structure, and the stability of all thin {ital epitaxial} (110) and (201) and most common-anion (001) superlattices relative to coherent phase separation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The total hemispherical emittance of an oxide film that formed on 6061-T6 aluminium alloy parts in the Tower Shielding Reactor-II at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was measured from 295 to 773 K using an emissometer and/or a calorimeter. The emittance of this film was critically needed for heat transfer calculations in a simulated loss-of-coolant accident of the reactor. X-ray diffraction analysis identified the film as boehmite (Al_2O_3 x H_2O), which dehydrated to alumina (Al_2O_3) upon heating above 473 K. The measured emittances for the alumina film are in excellent agreement with published values for anodized aluminum films and for bulk alumina. Published values of the emittance of boehmite could not be found for comparison, but evidence is presented that some anodization processes for aluminum yield boehmite and not alumina films.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the present study a partial replacement of aggregate with two different ratios of waste rubber (5%, 10%) with the addition of a constant ratio of rice husk ash (RHA), 5% was carried out. The hardened cement mortar used the optimum water of consistency. The specimens were molded into 1 inch cubic moulds .The specimens were first cured for 24 hours, at 100% relative humidity and then cured under tap water for 3, 7 and 28 days followed by irradiation at different doses of gamma irradiation namely 5 and 10 kGy. The physico-chemical and mechanical properties such as compressive strength, total porosity and bulk density were studied for the three types of specimens. The results showed that the values of the compressive strength, bulk density and chemically combined water of the blended cement mortar paste (OPC-RHA) increase ,while blended cement mortar paste with 5% RHA and 5, 10% waste rubber decrease. The results were ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

First-principles plane-wave pseudopotential and full-potential linearized-augmented plane-wave methods have been used to study the elastic and electronic properties of several potential superhard RuO_2 phases. The structures, relative stabilities, and the elastic constants and bulk moduli of these phases have been calculated within local-density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA). In RuO_2, the LDA and GGA approximations yield smaller and larger lattice constants, respectively, for the Pa3-bar-RuO_2 structure. The internal structural parameter for oxygen atoms in the Pa3-bar structure has a volume dependence that differs from the experimental result and therefore implies a significantly different compression mechanism. The calculated bulk moduli are very similar for the fluorite and Pa3-bar structures and therefore apparently independent of the internal structural parameter. The structure and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Solid solution-strengthened nickel base alloys have been used for nuclear stream generator tubing in pressurized water reactors since the beginnings of commercial nuclear power. The purpose of this paper is to recap and update the authors understanding of the relationship between processing, resulting structure, and properties for Alloy 600 and to discuss the requirements for optimized performance in both primary and secondary environments. Potential replacement materials and their performance will be discussed. Also discussed is the role and importance of system chemistry, bulk and local, and control and its relationship to performance. A discussion of potential mechanisms of environmentally assisted failure is also discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The results of the study of dimensionally dependent fluorescence of boron difluoride ?-diketonates of general formula (R1COCHCOR2)BF2 are presented. The fact that for most of the compounds studied a noticeable hypsochrome shift of the luminescence band maximum is characteristic during transition from bulk crystals to microcrystals was detected. However, for boron difluoride dibenzoylmethanate having a unique supramolecular structure, a bathochromic shift of luminescence due to the crustal size reduction is observed. The dimensionally dependent luminescence properties of the complexes have been analyzed within the exciton mechanism

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In-situ sodium activated organo modified bentonite clay was also used for partial replacement of the carbon black (N330). Detailed study with the black filled compound revealed that, with slight modification of the curing package, up to 10 phr of the carbon black replacement is possible. At equivalent loading of 5 and 10 phr of in-situ sodium activated organo modified bentonite clay exhibited better properties in comparison to carbon black filled compound.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research highlights: {yields} The use of resonant photoemission in its 'core-hole clock' expression for the study of the dynamical charge transfer across hybrid organic-inorganic interfaces and for the intermolecular charge transfer in the bulk of organic thin films is reviewed. {yields} The electronic coupling to the substrate and the efficiency of charge transport across hybrid interfaces is different for individual electronic subsystems of the molecular adsorbate. {yields} The intermolecular charge transfer in the bulk of discotic liquid crystals occurs on the order of a few femtoseconds and is faster than expected from the macroscopic charge transport characteristics of the material. -- Abstract: The focus of this brief review is the use of resonant photoemission in its 'core-hole clock' expression for the study of two important problems relevant for the field of organic electronics: the dynamical charge ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The main goal of this research is to delineate the wetting behavior of coal and it subsequent effects on fine coal processing. As both bulk and surface properties of coal are interrelated and have a controlling role on the performance of these processes, a detailed study has been undertaken to correlate their influence on both wetting behavior and the response of coal to flotation and other unit operations encountered in fine coal processing. During the last quarter, the effect of coal rank on water retention capacity was investigated. The effect of pH on the vacuum flotation yield and the effect of desliming on the film flotation response of coal were also studied. 6 refs., 5 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The growth and properties of Si{sub 1{minus}y}C{sub y} and Si{sub 1{minus}x{minus}y}Ge{sub x}C{sub y} alloys pseudomorphically strained on Si(001) will be reviewed. Although the bulk solubility of carbon in silicon is small, epitaxial layers with more than 1 at.% C can be fabricated. The relation between substitutional and interstitial carbon incorporation will be presented. Substitutionally incorporated C atoms allow strain manipulation, including the growth of strain-free or inversely strained Si{sub 1{minus}x{minus}y}Ge{sub x}C{sub y} layers. The mechanical properties, microscopic structure, thermal stability, as well as the influence of C atoms on band structure will be discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wood-polymer composites (WPC) have been prepared of pinewood with different monomers using Gamma radiation: acrylamide, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile, and polyester. The polymer loading was determined as a function of monomer concentration and absorbed dose. The data show that polymer loading increases by increasing the monomer concentration. In two cases, BMA and polyester, the polymer loading decreases at high concentrations. This can be explained by the increase of the viscosity. Thus the diffusion of the compound into bulk would be slower. The absorbed dose seems to play a positive role in enhancing the polymer loading by increasing the dose. The mechanical properties, tensile and compression strength, have been improved in the most cases for all monomer concentrations or absorbed doses. Using polyester there was no improvement in the mechanical properties, and using acrylamide the ...

CERN Document Server

We report on the magnetic hyperthermia properties of chemically synthesized ferromagnetic 11 and 16 nm Fe(0) nanoparticles of cubic shape displaying the saturation magnetization of bulk iron. The specific absorption rate measured on 16 nm nanocubes is 1690+-160 W/g at 300 kHz and 66 mT. This corresponds to specific losses-per-cycle of 5.6 mJ/g, largely exceeding the ones reported in other systems. A way to quantify the degree of optimization of any system with respect to hyperthermia applications is proposed. Applied here, this method shows that our nanoparticles are not fully optimized, probably due to the strong influence of magnetic interactions on their magnetic response. Once protected from oxidation and further optimized, such nano-objects could constitute efficient magnetic cores for biomedical applications requiring very large heating power.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

From the first principles total energy calculations based on full-potential linear augmented plane wave method (FPLAPW), the elastic properties of XPt_3 (X=V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) are reported here. Theoretical values of Young's modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio and Debye temperature are estimated from the computed elastic constants. From the analysis of the ratio of shear to bulk modulus, it is found that these intermetallic compounds are ductile in nature except CrPt_3, which is brittle. The calculated results are compared with other reported values.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electrostatic fields of the order of 1 V/Angst, as they occur at field emission tips, are comparable to those experienced by valence electrons in atoms and molecules. Such fields are strong enough to induce a significant redistribution of the valence charge in chemical bonds. In this work we investigate the effects on the electronic properties of a single adatom on a metal surface induced by the presence of an electrostatic field. In particular we present the results of a full ab initio DFT calculation, within the embedding method, of the CCV Auger spectra of Si and Mg atoms in and on a jellium-Ag host. Differently from impurities in bulk, Auger spectral profiles of adsorbates on metal surfaces can show notable modifications due to the applied electric field.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Wood plastic composites (WPCs) are comprised of wood flour and thermoplastic polymer. The matrix is typically high-density polyethylene, poly (vinyl chloride), or polypropylene. The effect of morphology and micromechanics of wood flour particles on the mechanical performance of the bulk composite is a relatively unexplored area. The knowledge about the in situ properties of wood particles and the interfacial properties between the wood particles and the polymer matrix in the bio-composites is very limited. The objective of this work is to characterize the full-field deformation and strain distribution in and around wood particles embedded in polymer matrix. The mechanical tests are performed in small-scale tensile loading stage on thin composite samples containing 1-3 wood particles orient...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

CeO{sub 2} undergoes a first-order phase transition from fluorite to {alpha}-PbCl{sub 2}-type structure under high pressure. To evaluate the changes in physical properties of CeO{sub 2} nanomaterials as the particle size decreasing, high-pressure Raman study under quasi-hydrostatic condition has been performed on CeO{sub 2} nanospheres self-assembled by 5 nm CeO{sub 2} nanoparticles at room temperature. Surprisingly, as the pressure elevate to 34 GPa, the CeO{sub 2} nanospheres still retain the cubic fluorite-type structure, indicating the sample is more stable than the bulk counterpart. Whereas, previous high-pressure studies show the phase transition at 22.3/26.5 GPa for 12 nm CeO{sub 2} nanoparticles, which is less stable than the bulk materials. The enhancement of phase stability might be attributed to the increase of surface energy of CeO{sub 2} nanospheres as the size of the building units decrease. (Copyright ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This work has been undertaken with a view to study the effect of lanthanum content on properties of PLZT ceramics. The polycrystalline complex compounds of PLZT with Pb_1_-_xLa_x(Zr_0_._4_0Ti_0_._6_0)_1_-_x_/_4O_3, +10% PbO formula were prepared from the nano-size individual oxides powders by hot-pressed process. Transparent PLZT (x/40/60) bulk ceramics with pure tetragonal phase was obtained. The studies of the microstructures, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics were carried out. The experiment results showed that when La content increased from 7 to 13 mol.%, the grain size increased from 2 to 7 #mu#m. La content also effects the dielectric property obviously, the dielectric constant increased with La content increasing. Moreover, the ferroelectric properties are sensitive to the variation of La content.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This thesis is concerned with the crystallisation behaviour of polymers near to a free surface or a buried interface. The properties of polymers are expected to differ significantly near to an interface (either with air or another polymer), due to the contributions of (a) chain configurations induced at the interface, and (b) different mobilities between interfacial regions and the bulk of the sample. For a semi-crystalline polymer, properties such as the degree of crystallinity and the crystallisation kinetics may be enhanced near to a free surface. Grazing incidence x--ray diffraction (GIXD) is used to investigate such effects in poly(ethylene terphthalate) (PET), showing that a lower crystallisation temperature is obtained at the surface, and the crystallisation kinetics are faster at the surface for all temperatures. It is proposed that in thin films of PET, this surface-induced ordering provides nucleation sites for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Especially in bulk goods conveying, roller bearings must be selected with a vie to the intended application. Bulk goods conveying machinery consists of many different components that must interact as perfectly as possible.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: Hybrid functionals, containing a fraction of the exact exchange, allow for a rather accurate treatment of e.g. small molecules and band gaps in bulk materials. A plane-wave based algorithm was implemented in VASP (Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package) to accomplish the calculation of the exact exchange. Two functionals including exact exchange are presently available, i.e. the PBE0 (Perdew-BurKEX-Ernzerhof) and the HSE (Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof). A rigorous assessment of the implementation was performed by geometry optimization and calculation of the atomization energies of the G2-1 quantum chemical test set, containing 55 molecules. Excellent agreement compared to corresponding Gaussian 03 data and good agreement with experiment was achieved. The mean absolute error (theory related to experiment) for the atomization energies calculated with the PBE and the PBE0 is 8.6 and 3.7 kcal/mol, respectively. To investigate the properties of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new series of lithium ionic liquids were prepared by introducing of two electron-withdrawing trifluoroacetyl groups in borate salts containing two methoxy-oligo(ethylene oxide) groups in the structures. Successive substitution reactions of oligo-ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and trifluroacetic acid from LiBH_4 yielded the lithium salts, which were clear and colorless liquids at room temperature. The fundamental physicochemical properties, such as density, thermal property, viscosity, ionic conductivity, self-diffusion coefficients, and electrochemical stability, were measured. The lithium ionic liquids had self-dissociation ability and conducted ions even in the absence of organic solvents. New polymer electrolytes, named 'ion gels', were prepared by radical cross-linking reactions of a poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide)tri-acrylate macromonomer in the presence the lithium ionic liquid. An increase in the glass transition temperatures ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this Letter, we study the structural, elastic and electronic properties of perovskite semiconductor SrTiO_3 using two different methods: the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method and the pseudo-potential plane wave (PP-PW) scheme in the frame of generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We have evaluated the ground state quantities such as lattice parameter, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative as well as the elastic constants. Also, we have presented the results of the band structure, densities of states and charge densities. These results were in favourable agreement with previous theoretical works and the existing experimental data. To complete the fundamental characteristics of this compound we have analyzed the thermodynamic properties such as thermal expansion coefficient, and specific heats in the whole pressure range from 0 to 20 GPa and temperature range from 0 to 1200 K.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The total hemispherical emittance of an oxide film that formed on 6061-T6 aluminium alloy parts in the Tower Shielding Reactor-II at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was measured from 295 to 773 K using an emissometer and/or a calorimeter. The emittance of this film was critically needed for heat transfer calculations in a simulated loss-of-coolant accident of the reactor. X-ray diffraction analysis identified the film as boehmite (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} {times} H{sub 2}O), which dehydrated to alumina (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) upon heating above 473 K. The measured emittances for the alumina film are in excellent agreement with published values for anodized aluminum films and for bulk alumina. Published values of the emittance of boehmite could not be found for comparison, but evidence is presented that some anodization processes for aluminum yield boehmite and not alumina films.

CERN Document Server

We present the discovery of a Baldwin effect in 8 nearby Seyfert galaxies for the three most prominent mid-infrared forbidden emission lines observable from the ground that are commonly found in AGN, [ArIII](8.99 micron), [SIV](10.51 micron), and [NeII](12.81 micron). The observations were carried out using the VLT/VISIR imager and spectroraph at the ESO/Paranal observatory. The bulk of the observed line emission comes from the inner <0.4 arcsec which corresponds to spatial scales <100 pc in our object sample. The correlation index is approximately -0.6 without significant difference among the lines. This is the strongest anti-correlation between line equivalent width and continuum luminosity found so far. In the case of Circinus, we show that despite the use of mid-infrared lines, obscuration by either the host galaxy or the circumnuclear dust torus might affect the equivalent widths. Given the small observed spatial scales from which ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Comparative patterns of equilibrium adsorption of argon on the surface of graphitized thermal carbon black (GCB) and the inhomogeneous surfaces of nongraphitized carbon black and silica at 77 and 87.3 K were considered. It was shown that argon acquires the properties of a special phase with a layered structure and exhibits two-dimensional phase transitions with the formation of crystal-like layers near the homogeneous surface of GCB even at a temperature exceeding the triple point. However, already at a distance of three-four molecular diameters from the surface, adsorbed argon behaves as a bulk phase in a weak external field. The defect surface of nongraphitized carbon black and the amorphous surface structure of silica destroy the longrange order of adsorbed argon and lower its solidific...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

NiMnSb has attracted a great deal of interest as a spin injector/detector in spintronic devices because it has a Curie temperature of 728 K and is predicted to be half-metallic (100% spin polarized). NiMnSb has been reported to have greatly reduced surface polarization, and to lose its half metallicity above 80 K. Here we report the investigation of the surface polarisation and electronic structure of NiMnSb by measurement of the transport spin polarization using point contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy, and anomalous Hall effect in thin films on Si(0 0 1). A comparison to bulk properties is made.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The spin relaxation processes within the pyrochlore Ho_2Ru_2O_7 have been investigated by neutron scattering and bulk property techniques. A single-ion process, that is thermally activated, dominates the spin-spin relaxation spectrum above 2 K. Assuming Arrhenius behaviour, we found an activation energy #DELTA# = (329 #+-# 6) K and characteristic relaxation time #tau#_0 (5.2 #+-# 0.3) x 10"-"1"2 s in the paramagnetic state, akin to those found in the spin ice, Ho_2Ti_2O_7. Atlow temperature (T<95 K) the activation energy lowers and below 20 K the entropy and ac susceptibility are similar to that observed in other spin ice compounds within a 10 kOe field.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beta-SiAlON powders have been synthesized using natural clay containing kaolin and quartz by carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CRN), then beta-SiAlON bonded corundum multiphase materials have been sintered using the as prepared powders. The results indicated that both the holding time and sintering temperature are relatively significant in accordance with optimal analysis by orthogonal method. Reaction process can be briefly interpreted by means of X-ray Diffraction and Difference Temperature Analysis as well as phase diagram principle. Bending strength and bulk density were measured in SiAlON in situ bonded corundum materials with doped various sintering agents. Furthermore, the relevant mechanical properties and microstructure were discussed in detail.

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In recent years, increased attention has been focused on the use of lasers in different fabrication steps of solar cells, in particular laser doping to form emitter and/or selective emitter. In this method the laser energy is used to melt silicon, allowing the diffusion of dopant atoms to occur in the liquid phase. The main advantage of this method is the localised nature of the laser beam, which melts and diffuses a limited area without heating the bulk, therefore reducing the possible degradation associated with high temperature processes. At the University of New South Wales a novel laser doping method was developed, which combines the formation of the selective emitter with a self-aligned metallisation pattern. Despite achieving high efficiencies, concerns arose regarding the adhesion ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Electronic structure, volume optimization, bulk moduli, elastic constants, and frequencies of the transversal optical vibrations in LiH, NaH, KH, RbH, and CsH are calculated using the full potential augmented plane wave method, extended with local orbitals, and the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The obtained results show some common features in the electronic structure of these compounds, but also clear differences, which cannot be explained using simple empirical trends. The differences are particularly prominent in the electronic distributions and interactions in various crystallographic planes. In the light of these findings we have elaborated some selected experimental results and discussed several theoretical approaches frequently used for the description of various alkali hydride properties.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this paper we demonstrate the electrodeposition of nickel, a common ferromagnetic material, in various magnetically desirable shapes including nanowires, nanoparticles and highly faceted shells. In order to obtain three dimensional mesostructures, the electrochemical deposition of nickel was performed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) under different electrolyte composition and deposition potential conditions. Under potentiostatic deposition at one distinct potential negative with respect to the reversible potential of nickel, three stages of nucleation and growth take place leading to a complex morphology of deposits. However, dual-pulse potential deposition and electrodeposition in low pH solutions causing hydrogen evolution, lead to nickel deposits in the form of nanowires...

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It is planned to bulk-heat a unit cell of a fusion reactor solid-breeder blanket in a fission reactor to study thermo-mechanical and thermal-hydraulic properties of fusion blankets. This study investigates the neutronic feasibility of using the Power Burst Facility (PBF) for this purpose. Heating rates were calculated for a Li/sub 2/O experiment placed in the PBF test space. The ANISN code and a 56-group coupled neutron-gamma library based on FLUNG and VITAMIN C were used to compute the heating rates. The results show that an average heating rate level of 1-3 W/cc can be produced in PBF with a local power profile that should be typical of a fusion blanket unit cell.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The colonization of an implant surface by bacteria is an extremely important medical problem, which often leads to the failure of medical devices. Modern surface modification techniques, such as ion implantation, can confer to the surfaces very different properties from those of the bulk underlying material. In this work, austenitic stainless steel 316 LVM has been superficially modified by Si^+ ion implantation. The effect of surface modification on the biocompatibility and bacterial adhesion to 316 LVM stainless steel has been investigated. To this aim, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), as precursor of osteoblastic cells, and bacterial strains relevant in infections related to orthopedic implants, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, have been assayed. For the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The construction materials used in coolant systems in nuclear power plants become covered with oxide films as a result of exposure to the aqueous environment. The susceptibility of the materials to different forms of corrosion, as well as the extent of the incorporation of radioactive species on the surfaces of the primary circuit, are greatly influenced by the physical and chemical properties of these oxide films. The composition and characteristics of the oxide films in turn depend on the applied water chemistry. This work was undertaken in order to collect and evaluate the present views on the structure and behaviour of oxide films formed on iron- and nickel-based materials in aqueous environments. This survey should serve to recognise the areas in which more understanding and research effort is needed. The review begins with a discussion on the bulk oxides of iron, nickel and chromium, as well as their mixed oxides. In addition to ...

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The availability of dimeric Pt(I) complexes with bridging bis(diphenylphosphino)methane ligands, (L--L')/sup n+/, presents an opportunity to study the physical properties and reactivity of metal-metal bonds as a function of the ligand trans to it with a minimum of competing variables. Several interesting trends of Pt-P coupling constants with the Pt-L and Pt-Pt bond lengths in Pt(I) dimers, (L--L')/sup n+/, and structurally related Pt(II) complexes are reported here. The data indicate that the Pt-P coupling constants continue to be sensitive indicators of not only the structure and stereochemistry of platinum phosphine complexes but also the electronic and steric influences of the ligand in such complexes, 23 references, 1 figure, 4 tables.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The reaction of the chelating ligands (obtained by the condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with various primary amines) with [RuHCl(CO)(EPh3)2(B)] (where E=P; B=PPh3, py or pip: E=As; B=AsPh3) in benzene afforded new stable ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes of the general formula [Ru(Cl)(CO)(EPh3)(B)(L)] (L=anion of bidentate Schiff bases). The structure of the new complexes was investigated using elemental analyses, spectral (FT-IR, UV-vis and 1H NMR) and electrochemical studies and is found to be octahedral. All the metal complexes exhibit characteristic MLCT absorption and luminescence bands in the visible region. The luminescence efficiency of the ruthenium(II) complexes was explained based on the ligand environment around the metal ion. These complexes catalyze oxidation of prim...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new study on the pressure-induced phase transitions of TiO_2 has been performed using all-electron density-functional theory based computations with the projector augmented wave and the linearized augmented plane wave methods considering five experimentally observed structures. The static results yield a picture that is consistent with experiments, i.e., phase transitions with pressure are predicted as rutile #-># monoclinic baddeleyite (MI) #-># orthorhombic I (OI) #-># cotunnite (OII) on compression, and OII #-># OI #-># MI #-># columbite (TiO_2II) on decompression. The elasticities of these five polymorphs are compared. Except for the baddeleyite structure, which is considerably softer than the other polymorphs, all phases show a zero pressure bulk modulus in the range of 200-240 GPa, consistent with compression results and the single crystal elastic constant; on the basis of these results we can say that the cotunnite ...

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We have investigated the superconducting and metallurgical properties of the ternary compounds RPd/sub 2/Si/sub 2/ and RRh/sub 2/Si/sub 2/ with R = Y, La, and Lu. All RPd/sub 2/Si/sub 2/ compounds and LaRh/sub 2/Si/sub 2/ were found to be type-I superconductors below 1 K. A detailed metallurgical analysis shows that segregation of second phases can easily mask the intrinsic (stoichiometric ratio 1:2:2) intermetallic-compound properties. Two sample-preparation techniques, viz., single crystals and off-stoichiometry, were utilized to establish where bulk superconductivity occurs. The type-I behavior of these compounds is explained with an analogous model as is used for the heavy-fermion superconductors CeCu/sub 2/Si/sub 2/ and URu/sub 2/Si/sub 2/.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We show that the morphology and the luminescence properties of ZnO layers produced by magnetron sputtering can be controlled by technological parameters of sputtering, particularly by the ratio of argon to oxygen gases in the gas flow during the growth process. Smooth and flat layers were produced with a high Ar/O ratio, while porous layers with various morphologies were obtained with a low Ar/O ratio. The layers produced with O/Ar ration equal to 10 exhibit extremely high near-bandgap luminescence intensity even higher in comparison with bulk ZnO single crystals. The free carrier density estimated from the analysis of photoluminescence spectra is also very high in these samples suggesting that these technological conditions promote both optical and electrical activation of the doping Al impurity. The samples grown with high Ar/O ratios exhibit strong visible emission which is controlled by the technological conditions.

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A field study (1993-96) assessed the benefits of applying unusually high rates of coal fly ash from power plants as a soil amendment to enhance water retention of soils without adversely affecting growth and marketability of the turf species, centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.) A Latin Square plot design was employed that included 0 (control, no fly ash applied), 280, 560 and 1120 MgHa {sup -1} application rates of unweathered precipitator fly ash. The fly ash was spread evenly over each plot area, rototilled, and allowed to weather under natural conditions for 8 months before seeding. High levels of soluble salts, indicated by the electrical conductivity of soil extracts, in tandem with an apparent phytotoxic effect from boron, apparently inhibited initial plant establishment as shown by substantially lower germination counts in treated soil. However, plant height and rooting depth were not adversely affected, as were the dry matter yields throughout the study ...

CERN Document Server

X11 Desktop Environments (KDE and GNOME) - Part II

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Two criteria, geologic stability and barrier effectiveness, form the basis of the Subseabed Disposal Program's site qualification plan to evaluate the ocean basins and identify those regions having characteristics most favorable for containment of radioactive waste. Stability criteria are used to define those regions least likely to be disturbed by tectonic forces or oceanographic changes during the lifetime of a waste repository. Barrier criteria define those lithologies most likely to form an effective barrier to the release of radionuclides. Two north Pacific regions and three north Atlantic regions (PAC I and II and ATL I, II, and III, respectively) have thus far been selected for further investigation based on the site qualification plan. The PAC I region, centered on the Shatsky Rise in the northwest Pacific, has been subdivided into areas and locations on the basis of an exhaustive review of data available in the archives of ...

CERN Document Server

We present results of a study of large-scale neutral hydrogen (HI) gas in nearby radio galaxies. We find that the early-type host galaxies of different types of radio sources (compact, FR-I and FR-II) appear to contain fundamentally different large-scale HI properties: enormous regular rotating disks and rings are present around the host galaxies of a significant fraction of low power compact radio sources, while no large-scale HI is detected in low power, edge-darkened FR-I radio galaxies. Preliminary results of a study of nearby powerful, edge-brightened FR-II radio galaxies show that these systems generally contain significant amounts of large-scale HI, often distributed in tail- or bridge-like structures, indicative of a recent galaxy merger or collision. Our results suggest that different types of radio galaxies may have a different formation history, which could be related to a difference in the triggering mechanism ...

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A simple and rapid procedure was developed for the purification of cyclotron-produced {sup 203}Pb via the {sup 203}Tl(d,2n) {sup 203}Pb reaction. A Pb(II) selective ion-exchange resin, with commercial name Pb Resin from Eichrom Technologies, Inc., was used to purify {sup 203}Pb from the cyclotron-irradiated Tl target with excellent recovery of the enriched Tl target material. The purified {sup 203}Pb was used to radiolabel the monoclonal antibody Herceptin. The in vitro and in vivo properties of the {sup 203}Pb radioimmunoconjugate were evaluated.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A few metal complexes of isatin-isonicotinoylhydrazone with Ni(II), Cr(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) have been prepared and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, infrared and electronic spectra as well as "1H NMR spectra, conductivity and magnetic measurements. In view of the results obtained, it has been found that two molecules of isatin-isonicotinoylhydrazone are chelated to the central metal ion as bis-uninegative ONO tridentate ligand forming non-electrolytic octahedral metal complexes. (author)

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Durability of 28 days compressive strength concrete of 20 to 120 MPa has been studied. The ability of concrete to transport aggressive agents has been determined for four properties: the air permeability, the chloride diffusivity, the water absorption and the carbonation. A chloride migration test for high and very high strength concrete (HSC and VHSC) has been built. The relationship between transport properties and the compressive strength after one and 28 days of humid curing has always the same shape: transport decreases when strength increases. However, transport properties often vary in the ordinary concrete field. Beyond, the domain is much more limited. The relationship between transport properties and strength valid for ordinary concrete can not be simply extrapolated for HSC and VHSC. To determine the part of microcracking of HSC and VHSC, concrete behaviour stored in two mediums has been ...

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The weldability and high temperature strength properties of tungsten-inert-gas (TIG) weldments of Hastelloy alloy XR were investigated by using two different heats of filler metals; the first (HXRF1) was designed on the basis of multiple regression analysis; the second (HXRF2) was the reference material. Bend tests, the FISCO cracking test and optical metallography were used to evaluate weldability. Tensile and creep tests were performed at 900deg C to evaluate high temperature strength properties. The results of weldability tests for both alloys showed good performance. The tensile properties of the weldments were remarkably improved in particular with respect to high temperature ductility. The creep rupture strength in the weldments made with alloy-designed HXRF1 was much higher than those of the Hastelloy alloy XR-II base metal with a higher B content. Furthermore, the creep ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(Cu_4_7Zr_1_1Ti_3_4Ni_8)_1_0_0_-_xMo _x bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with x = 0, 1 and 2 at.% and a bulk metallic glass matrix composite with x = 5 at.% were successfully prepared by water-cooled copper mold casting. The effect of the addition of a small amount of Mo on the glass forming ability (GFA), thermal properties of the base alloy (i.e. x = 0) were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and differential thermal analyzer (DTA). It is found that the addition of appropriate amount of Mo can enhance the GFA of the Cu-based BMG, as indicated by the increase in the reduced glass transition temperature T _r_g (=T _g/T _l) and the parameter #gamma# (=T _x/(T _g + T _l)) with the increase of Mo. On the other hand, the corrosion resistance of the Cu-based BMGs with different Mo contents was examined by electrochemical polarization and weight loss measurement in 1 mol/L H_2SO_4 and 1 ...

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The organization of organic semiconductor molecules in the active layer of organic electronic devices has important consequences to overall device performance. This is due to the fact that molecular organization directly affects charge carrier mobility of the material. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) performance is driven by high charge carrier mobility while bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells require balanced hole and electron transport. By investigating the properties and device performance of three structural variations of the fluorenyl hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (FHBC) material, the importance of molecular organization to device performance was highlighted. It is clear from {sup 1}H NMR and 2D wide-angle X-ray scattering (2D WAXS) experiments that the sterically demanding 9,9-dioctylfluorene groups are preventing {pi}-{pi} intermolecular contact in the hexakis-substituted FHBC 4. For bis-substituted FHBC compounds 5 and 6, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In association with periodic inspection of CANDU nuclear power plant components, Canadian Standards Association issued CSA N285.8 in 2005 as technical requirements for in-service evaluation of zirconium alloy pressure tubes in CANDU reactors. This first version, CSA N285.8 involves procedures for, firstly, the evaluation of pressure tube flaws, secondly, the evaluation of pressure tube to calandria tube contact and, thirdly, the assessment of a reactor core, and material properties and derived quantities. The evaluation of pressure tube flaws includes delayed hydride cracking evaluation the procedures of which are stipulated based on the existing delayed hydride cracking models. For example, the evaluation of flaw-tip hydride precipitation during reactor cooldown involves a procedure to calculate the equilibrium hydrogen equivalent concentration in solution at the flaw tip, Htipas follows: Htip=Hfexp[- (VH delta no.)/RT], where Hf is the total ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: It was recently-established for hexagonal barium ferrite-industrially important magnetically hard material that refinement of the crystallite dimensions into the nanoscale regime, typically #<=# 10 nm, leads after heat treatment at temperatures 800-1000 deg C to significant coercivity increase of up to 6.5 kOe (#approx#3-4 times) with saturation magnetisation values of 50-55 emu/g (#approx#95% of bulk at room temperature). High-energy mechanochemical processing has been applied to prepare nanostructural (nanocrystalline-amorphous) composites. High resolution electron microscopy studies reveal that the enhancement of the final magnetic properties was due to formation of magnetically noninteracting #approx#l,#mu#m Ba-ferrite particles with 5-10 nm amorphous surface layer - depending on annealing parameters. Similar situation was established also for ball milled strontium ferrite (SrFe_1_2O_1_9) powders where short annealing 4 h at ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... v. 14(8) p. 624-625. azido compounds cadmium complexes potentiometry

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A new series of heteroleptic cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes Pt-1a-f was synthesized, employing 2-arylpyridine (or 1-arylisoquinoline) (HC{sup L}AMDAN-1) and 1,3-bis(3,4-dibutoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione (HO{sup L}AMDAO-1) for cyclometalation and as ancillary ligands, respectively, and photoluminescent properties were investigated. Focusing on red-shifted phosphorescence, C{sup L}AMDAN ligands containing pi-extended aromatics and electron-rich heterocycles were examined. All obtained complexes exhibited photoluminescence at ambient temperature, and the emission maxima ranged from green (lambda{sub PL}=518 nm) to far red (lambda{sub PL}=708 nm). The large Stokes shifts of more than 100 nm and sub-microsecond or microsecond emission lifetimes revealed that these complexes are phosphorescent emissive. The quantum yield of Pt-1 ranged from 0.02 to 0.59 at ambient temperature and decreased as the emission maximum was red-shifted. In comparison ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the present study, the authors examine the interactions of pentavalent technetium ions (TcO/sup 3+/) with the basic form of the lasalocid A in pure methanol solvent and in methanol-water mixtures. There are a number of reasons for such a study. First, the interactions of technetium ions with biologically important compounds are of considerable importance owing to the widespread use of /sup 99m/Tc in diagnostic radio-imaging. Second, lasalocid A is known to transport metal ions across phospholipid bilayer membranes and between the aqueous cores of phospholipid inverse micelles. Third, lasalocid A is known to bind and solubilize metal ions in bulk organic liquid phases. Fourth, the conformation adopted by lasalocid A on interaction with TcO/sup 3+/ appears to be different than those found in most other cases and circumstances. Fifth, it may also be possible to use the competition of TcO/sup 3+/ with other, physiologically relevant cations (Na/sup +/, K/sup +/, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this work we study the structural and electronic properties of Be chalcogenides (BeS, BeSe and BeTe) using two different methods: the full-potential linear augmented-plane wave (FP-LAPW) and the plane-wave pseudopotential (PPsPW). The exchange-correlation effects are treated in the local-density approximation (LDA) and the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA). We have evaluated the ground-state quantities such as equilibrium volume, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative as well as the elastic constants. Various structural phase transitions were considered here in order to confirm the most stable structure and to predict the phase transition under hydrostatic pressure. In addition we have studied the band structure and the density of states, which show a wide indirect band gap for these compounds. These results were in favourable agreement with previous theoretical works and the existing experimental data. To complete the fundamental ...

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The deexcitation of quasi-projectiles (QP) released in binary Au on Au collisions as been studied from 60 to 100 MeV/u. Bimodality between two different decay patterns has been observed for intermediate violence collisions. The main experimental result is that the system jumps from one mode to the other on a narrow range of energy deposit and/or impact parameter. The sorting of the events (according to the violence of the collision) has been provided by the perpendicular energy of the light charged particles emitted on the quasi-target side. Such a sorting prevents spurious autocorrelation effects between the sorting variable and the observed mechanism. The two modes of the QP decay correspond on the one side to residue or fission fragments production, and on the other side to the multifragmentation channel. A detailed study has been performed in order to try to establish the origin of the observed bimodality in disentangling dynamical or geometrical effects from ...

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The physical properties of polymer blends consisting of one or more crystallizable components are affected by the microstructure of these materials. In particular, the degree of crystallinity can be influenced by processing parameters, and the crystallinity, as well as the phase distribution, may vary as a function of depth through an injection molded part Conventional x-ray diffraction techniques can provide information regarding both phase composition and degree of crystallinity, but, because of the relative transparency of these materials to wavelengths generally available in the laboratory, these techniques provide information representative of only the bulk. By employing parallel beam optics at varying grazing incidence angles, the x-ray sampling depth can be varied without loss of resolution. This technique can be used to vary the effective analysis depth from the top several hundred angstroms for low razing incidence to centimeters for ...

Science.gov (United States)

Surface crystallization and surface-to-bulk ratio in high-level waste glasses.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Schiff-base condensation of a equimolar proportion of diacetyl-monoxime monohydrazone and 1-methylimidazole-2-carboxaldehyde in methanol gives rise to the imidazole azine, 3-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)methylenehydrazonobutan-2-one oxime(HL). Reaction of 1:1 stoichiometric proportion of HL with copper(II)perchlorate hexahydrate in methanol yields a dimeric oximato bridged copper compound, [Cu2L2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (1). The compound is characterized by C, H and N analyses, FT-IR, ESI?MS, conductivity measurement, UV?Vis spectra and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The title compound (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a?=?6.8533 (8), b?=?18.413 (2), c?=?11.7399 (14) ?, ??=?93.685 (2)?, V?=?1478.4 (3) ?3 and Z?=?2. The geometry around each copper center is distorted square pyram...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The opportunity of exposure to high-energy radiation up to GeV is increasing as in civilian aircrafts and at particle accelerators. The transport of such energetic particle is still difficult to describe precisely and thus verification by measurement using a well characterized instrument is indispensable for reliable dosimetry. However, no reference calibration field has been established for the high-energy range. We thus propose to use a facility at the summit of Mt. Fuji (3776 m in altitude; N35.36o, E138.73o), the highest place in Japan, for characterization of radiation instruments that are possibly used in high-energy radiation fields. For demonstration of the effectiveness, two moderator-type neutron monitors (NCN1 and WENDI-II) having different energy response functions were employed for cosmic-ray neutron measurements in the summer of 2009. In comparison with numerically simulated values, it was found that the extended energy neutron monitor ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Molecular recognition by calix[6]arene-based receptors bearing three primary alkylamino side chain arms (1) is described. Complexation of ZnII ion provides the dinuclear m-hydroxo complex ${{\\bf 2}{{{\\rm OH}\\hfill \\atop {\\rm G}\\hfill}}}$, XRD characterization of which, together with solution studies, provided evidence of its hosting of neutral polar organic guests G. Treatment of this complex with a carboxylic acid or a sulfonamide (XH) results in the formation of mononuclear species ${{\\bf 3}{{{\\rm X}\\hfill \\atop {\\rm G}\\hfill}}}$, one of which (X = Cl) has been characterized by XRD. A dicationic complex ${{\\bf 3}{{{\\rm RNH}{_{2}}\\hfill \\atop {\\rm G}\\hfill}}}$ is obtained upon treatment of ${{\\bf 2}{{{\\rm OH}\\hfill \\atop {\\rm G}\\hfill}}}$ with a mixture of an alkylamine and a strong acid....

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The particle surface of Li[Ni{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}]O{sub 2} was modified by AlF{sub 3} as a new coating material to improve the electrochemical properties in the high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V. The AlF{sub 3}-coated Li[Ni{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}]O{sub 2} showed no difference in the bulk structure compared with the pristine one and the uniform AlF{sub 3} coating layers whose thickness is of about 10 nm covered Li[Ni{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}]O{sub 2} particles, as confirmed by a transmission electron microscopy. The AlF{sub 3} coating on Li[Ni{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}]O{sub 2} particles improved the overall electrochemical properties such as the cyclability, rate capability and thermal stability compared with those of the pristine Li[Ni{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}]O{sub 2}. Such enhancements were attributed to the presence of the stable AlF{sub 3} layer which acts as the interfacial stabilizer on ...

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Since the very high temperature reactor (VHTR) components such as hot gas ducts and intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) are operated during a design life of 30 to 60 years at 950 .deg. C and 3-8MPa in He impurities, their components are required to have good high temperature strength, creep-rupture strength, high temperature stability, and good corrosion resistance. Among them, creep properties are the most important, because the integrity of their components should be preserved during a design life of over 30 years at the maximum operating temperature up to 1000 .deg. C. So far, there are no materials approved by ASME III which is a nuclear code for temperatures reaching 1000 .deg. C, and until now, a material selection is still left as a key issue. Some leading candidate alloys can be selected from the high temperature materials approved by ASME VIII. Alloy 617 is considered as a prospective material for the IHX because it has an excellent combination of a high ...

Science.gov (United States)

The study of the intrinsic behavior of high transition temperature copper-oxide superconductors (HTSC) has proven to be challenging because of the extreme sensitivity of their transport properties on material quality. These compounds are characterized by a high degree of structural and electrical anisotropy, and a very short superconductive coherence length of the same order as the size of the crystalline unit cell (~5-30 A). As a result, microscopic defects such as oxygen vacancies, cationic disorder, and the presence of minute impurities have a significant effect on electrical transport in these materials. Therefore, much effort has been expended in synthesizing sizable samples that are homogeneous, well characterized, and emenable to the study of the anisotropic properties of the HTSC. We have demonstrated that thin films of HTSC compounds such as rm YBa_2Cu_3O_{7 -delta}, which is a 92 K superconductor, can be synthesized easily by a ...

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The Integral Fast Reactor is an innovative liquid metal reactor concept that is being developed by Argonne National Laboratory. It takes advantage of the properties of metallic fuel and liquid metal cooling to offer significant improvements in reactor safety, operation, fuel cycle economics, environmental protection, and safeguards. The plans for demonstrating the IFR fuel cycle, including its waste processing options, by processing irradiated fuel from the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II fuel in its associated Fuel Cycle Facility have been developed for the first refining series. This series has been designed to provide the data needed for the further development of the IFR program. An important piece of the data needed is the recovery of TRU material during the reprocessing and waste operations.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Titanium oxides were grown anodically to selected final potentials on grade II polycrystalline titanium under different anodization rates. XPS and RBS results show that the oxide consists of primarily TiO2 with a non-stoichiometric oxide/metal interface, with the slower growth rate associated with a thicker layer at the interface. Characterization using TEM reveals that the structure of the oxide evolves from a primarily amorphous phase to islands of crystallites in an amorphous matrix, to an entirely crystalline phase by increasing the polarization potential. Slower growth rates tend to remain crystalline at higher potentials. The mechanical strength of oxide films extracted from load-depth data by nanoindentation varies dramatically for oxide films grown by different rates at 9.4 V, and to a lesser extent at lower potentials. The variation of film strength is associated with both compositional and structural characteristics.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We consider the dynamics towards the initial singularity of Bianchi type IX vacuum and orthogonal perfect fluid models with a linear equation of state. Surprisingly few facts are known about the 'Mixmaster' dynamics of these models, while at the same time most of the commonly held beliefs are rather vague. In this paper, we use Mixmaster facts as a base to build an infrastructure that makes it possible to sharpen the main Mixmaster beliefs. We formulate explicit conjectures concerning (i) the past asymptotic states of type IX solutions and (ii) the relevance of the Mixmaster/Kasner map for generic past asymptotic dynamics. The evidence for the conjectures is based on a study of the stochastic properties of this map in conjunction with dynamical systems techniques. We use a dynamical systems formulation, since this approach has so far been the only successful path to obtain theorems, but we also make comparisons with the ...

Science.gov (United States)

Electron charge distributions are presented for Nb3Ge, Nb3Al, and two hypothetical A-15 structures. Results indicate that the bonding in these materials is mainly metallic in character with some covalentlike bonding between Nb-chain atoms. We find significant coupling between neighboring chains and also between chain atoms and atoms at the cubic site. Comparison is made with various theoretical models. Investigation of the charge character of states near EF suggests further developments in current theories on the structural transformation of A-15 compounds. The effect of chain dimerization on electronic states and charge distribution of Nb3Ge is also investigated.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This article is the second part of a review of recent empirical and theoretical developments usually grouped under the heading Econophysics. In the first part, we reviewed the statistical properties of financial time series, the statistics exhibited in order books and discussed some studies of correlations of asset prices and returns. This second part deals with models in Econophysics from the point of view of agent-based modeling. Of the large number of multi-agent-based models, we have identified three representative areas. First, using previous work originally presented in the fields of behavioral finance and market microstructure theory, econophysicists have developed agent-based models of order-driven markets that we discuss extensively here. Second, kinetic theory models designed to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As research for the chemical properties of lanthanide molecules in the dry system, electrochemical and ultraviolet-visible optical measurements on the chloride molten salt system have been conducted at Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University. The reduction behavior of Ln(III)-Ln(0) and Ln(II) are measured on La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Yb by the cyclic voltammetry. The molar absorption coefficients of the f-f transition are measured by the measurement of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra on Pr, Nd, Ho and Gd. From the comparison of the optical data between wet and dry systems, the characteristics of photon absorption are discussed in the molten salt. (H. Katsuta)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important parameter in evaluating the cooking and eating quality of rice. Indeed, the phenotype, biochemistry and inheritance of GT have been widely studied in recent times. Previous map-based cloning revealed that GT was controlled by ALK gene, which encodes a putative soluble starch synthase II-3. Complementation vector and RNAi vector were constructed and transformed into Nipponbare mediated by Agrobacterium. Phenotypic and molecular analyses of transgenic lines provided direct evidence for ALK as a key gene for GT. Meanwhile, amylose content, gel consistency and pasting properties were also affected in transgenic lines. Two of four nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in coding sequence of ALK were identified as essential for GT. ...

CERN Document Server

We outline to the community the value of a Magellanic Clouds Survey that consists of three components: I) a complete-area, high resolution, multi-band UV-near-IR broadband survey; II) a narrowband survey in 7 key nebular filters to cover a statistically significant sample of representative HII regions and a large-area, contiguous survey of the diffuse, warm ISM; and III) a comprehensive FUV spectroscopic survey of 1300 early-type stars. The science areas enabled by such a dataset are as follows: A) assessment of massive star feedback in both HII regions and the diffuse, warm ISM; B) completion of a comprehensive study of the 30 Doradus giant extragalactic HII region (GEHR); C) development and quantitative parameterization of stellar clustering properties; D) extensive FUV studies of early-type stellar atmospheres and their energy distributions; and E) similarly extensive FUV absorption-line studies of molecular cloud structure and ISM ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We studied the influence of alloying on the structural and electronic properties of the unrelaxed and relaxed Si_1_-_yC_y random alloys by means of ab initio theoretical calculations using two methods: (i) a supercell approach in connection with the plane-wave pseudopotential method; (ii) the full-potential augmented plane-wave plus local orbitals (APW+lo) method. The first method is used to obtain the relaxed atomic structure. The relaxed atomic positions obtained by pseudopotential calculations were used to calculate the band structure via the second method. The local density approximation was used for the exchange and correlation energy density functional. We investigated the lattice parameters and band gap energies. We found that a quite smaller gap appears in the neighborhood of y=0.03125 concentration of C atoms. The band gap shows a large anomalous bowing and is strongly composition dependent. The electron densities of states for the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study has been made of the precipitation and growth processes which occur during cooling from solution treatment and under isothermal hold conditions in a magnesia-partially-stabilized zirconia alloy. Three types of precipitate have been identified which develop during cooling or during isothermal hold treatments just above and below the eutectoid temperature. These precipitate forms are termed (i) primary, (ii) large random, and (iii) secondary. Further precipitation, slow growth of existing precipitates, and subeutectoid decomposition result when an additional 1100"0C aging treatment is given to the previously cooled material. It is shown that type (iii) secondary precipitates from rapidly within the temperature range of 1300"0 to 1375"0C. The secondary precipitates are largely responsible for the improved room-temperature strength properties of the heat-treated samples. The formation and effects on mechanical ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The connections between several studies of the off-shell amplitude, based on apparently different criteria, are first clarified and expressed through more coincise operator notion. In all cases the resolution of the underlying dynamical relations is reduced to a two-step procedure. Underconditions which are discussed, the latter implies only Volterra-like integral equations followed by simple quadratures and algebraic operations. Then it is shown that the off-shell generalizations of the Jost formalism which are defined by such approaches can as well be introduced without reference to any explicit dynamical framework. Examples are given specifying in such model independent ways the main properties of the associated Jost-type functions. The relative interest of different representations built with these functions is also examined, and on this occasion new three-separable-term approximations are a useful guideline for introducing similar formalisms in other ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The marked difference between the intra- and extracellular "3"1P NMR chemical shifts of various phosphoryl compounds when added to a red cell suspension may be largely understood in terms of the effects of hemoglobin on the "3"1P NMR chemical shifts. The presence of [oxy- or (carbonmonoxy)-] hemoglobin inside the red cell causes the bulk magnetic susceptibility of the cell cytoplasm to be significantly less than that of the external solution. This difference is sufficient to account for the difference in the intra- and extracellular chemical shifts of the two phosphate esters trimethyl phosphate and triethyl phosphate. However, in the case of the compounds dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethyl methylphosphonate, and trimethylphosphine oxide as well as the hypophosphite, phenylphosphinate, and diphenylphosphinate ions, hemoglobin exerts an additional, much larger, effect, causing the "3"1P NMR resonances to shift to lower frequency in a manner that cannot be accounted ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this work, ?-SnS2 thin films have been prepared on glass substrates by the spray pyrolysis technique using an alcohol solution which contains tin chloride (SnCl4) and thiourea (SC(NH2)2) as precursors. The structural study shows that ?-SnS2 thin film prepared using optimal experimental conditions: substrate temperature Ts = 280 deg. C and the concentration ratio of sulfur and tin elements in the spray solution x = [S]/[Sn] = 2.5, crystallizes in the hexagonal phase with a strong (0 0 1) X-ray diffraction line. In the same way, microprobe analyses (EPMA) as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show the presence of undiserable phase of SnO2. From the transmission and reflectance spectra, the band gap energy is 2.65 eV. On the other hand, the photothermal properties of such films have been studied, the thermal conductivity was Kc = 0.85 W m-1 K-1 and the thermal diffusivity was Dc = 14.5 x 10-6 m2 s-1. The analysis of ?-SnS2 thin films via the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

On the basis of soil losses records during 10 years, three levels of water erosion were established for two soil (Typical Hapludox and Oxic Dystropept) located on high and medium terraces of alluvial flat plain of piedmont in the Eastern Plains in La Libertad Research Center of CORPOICA. Eighteen 3 x 10 m"2 run-off plots were fitted out on a nonrandom arrangement of nine plots by landscape and three soil use and management treatments: zero grazing Brachiaria decumbens pasture for six years, up land rice, soybean and maize rotations for six years and bare soil for 10 years. Soil losses under these treatments allowed to define three degrees of erosion: slight (N_3 moderate (N_2) and severe (N_3) respectively. From each plot soil samples were taken at two depths for physical analyses. infiltration and resistance to cone penetration were measured in the field. Without exception water erosion produced a detrimental effect on soil physical properties and the hydrological ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aqueous deoxyhemoglobin solutions (2 mg/ml) were gamma-irradiated by a "6"0Co source in the presence of methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol and t-butanol under N_2O or argon. The effects of the interaction of the particular alcohol radical species with hemoglobin were determined according to the detected spectral alterations in the visible range. The amounts of stable final products in the form of methemoglobin (MetHb) and the sum of hemichromes and cholehemichromes (Hemichr) were estimated in irradiated preparations. For preparations irradiated under N_2O, the radiation yield for MetHb formation was three-fold lower in the presence of ethanol and 1-butanol [G(MetHb) = 0.33[ compared with preparations irradiated in the presence of t-butanol or without alcohol [G(MetHb) = 1.00[. The yield of hemichromes and cholehemichromes in preparations irradiated under N_2O increased in the order: ethanol (G = 0.38), 1-butanol (B = 0.52), t-butanol (G = 0.59), and in the absence of alcohol (G 0.72). The ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A structurally conserved element, the trigger loop, has been suggested to play a key role in substrate selection and catalysis of RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription elongation. Recently resolved...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

DNA from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 17 different individuals infected with human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type II (HTLV-II) was successfully amplified by the polymerase chain reaction...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... and facilities; the physical processing of materials into products; and processes associated with ... area of bulk silicon prod! uction as wafer material has been omitted, in keeping with current ...

Science.gov (United States)

measure meteorological variables and bulk water temper- ature. The locations of the buoys are given in Table 1. TB2 and TB3 were moved slightly farther south ...

Science.gov (United States)

The results of this research centered on the experimental studies of a single superconducting persistent current qubit, the implementation of type-II algorithms using these qubits, and the proposal for adiabatic quantum computing using these qubits. The m...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The in vivo photochemical activity of photosystem II was inferred from modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and photoacoustic measurements in intact leaves of several plant species (Lycopersicon...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Woolfolk, C. A. (University of Washington, Seattle). Reduction of inorganic compounds with molecular hydrogen by Micrococcus lactilyticus. II. Stoichiometry with inorganic...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This document describes payload control at LLNL to ensure that all shipments of CH-TRU waste in the TRUPACT-II (Transuranic Package Transporter-II) meet the requirements of the TRUPACT-II SARP (safety report for packaging). This document also provides specific instructions for the selection of authorized payloads once individual payload containers are qualified for transport. The physical assembly of the qualified payload and operating procedures for the use of the TRUPACT-II, including loading and unloading operations, are described in HWM Procedure No. 204, based on the information in the TRUPACT-II SARP. The LLNL TRAMPAC, along with the TRUPACT-II operating procedures contained in HWM Procedure No. 204, meet the documentation needs for the use of the TRUPACT-II at LLNL. Table 14-1 provides a summary of the LLNL waste generation and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biosorption using activated sludge biomass (ASB) as a potentially sustainable technology for the treatment of wastewater containing different metal ions (Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II)) was investigated. ASB metal uptake clearly competed with protons consumed by microbial biomass compared with control tests with non-activated sludge biomass. Biosorption tests confirmed maximum exchange between metal ions and protons at pH 2.0-4.5. It was revealed by the study that the amount of metal ions released from the biomass increased with biomass sludge concentration. The result showed that maximum absorption of metal ions was observed for Cd(II) at pH 3.5, Pb(II) at pH 4.0, and pH 4.5 for Zn(II) ions. The maximum absorption capacities of ASB for Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) were determined to be 59.3, 68.5 and 86.5%, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We study certain supersymmetry breaking deformations of linear dilaton backgrounds in different dimensions. In some cases, the deformed theory has bulk closed strings tachyons. In other cases there are no bulk tachyons, but there are localized tachyons. The real time condensation of these localized tachyons is described by an exactly solvable worldsheet CFT. We also find some stable, non-supersymmetric backgrounds.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The work in the past year has primarily involved four areas of magnetic thin films: amorphous rare earth-transition metal alloys, epitaxial CoPt{sub 3} and Ni-Pt alloy thin films, amorphous rare earth doped Si (a new class of dilute magnetic semiconductor with large negative magnetoresistance which the authors have discovered), and exchange-coupled antiferromagnetic insulators. In the amorphous alloys, they made a systematic study of the effects of local anisotropy, macroscopic (perpendicular) anisotropy, and exchange constant on the fundamental (and practical) properties of these magnetic alloys, as originally described in the grant proposal. The work on the epitaxial Co-Pt (and more recently Ni-Pt) alloys was originally undertaken as a comparison study to the amorphous alloys. Crystalline Co-Pt alloys have many striking similarities to the amorphous rare earth-transition metal alloys: perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, magneto-optic activity, and a {Tc} (for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The information is reported on the kinetics of decomposition of weak hcp "3He-"4He solutions with the starting "3He concentration 0.5#+-#0.1% and 1.20#+-#0.2% under the sample pressure 3.5 to 3.8 MPa before the decomposition. The NMR technique of the prompt control of the phase separation process is developed. To accelerate the metastable phase decomposition, the samples were thermally cycled at temperatures below 100 mK. Using the pulse NMR method, the magnetic susceptibility of "3He nuclei and the spin-lattice T_1 and spin-spin T_2 relaxation times were measured on three samples of the decomposed solid solutions with the starting "3He concentration 0.5% at the pressures 3.53, 3.71 and 3.78 MPa. Above 10 mK the Curie-Weiss constant was two to three times higher than the values typical of bulk bcc "3He of the corresponding density. Below 10 mK the magnetic susceptibility was observed to deviate from the Curie-Weiss law. One of the samples displayed a flattened ...

Science.gov (United States)

A rigorous solution for the spectrum of a quasioptical cylindrical cavity resonator with a randomly rough side boundary has been obtained. To accomplish this task, we have developed a method for the separation of variables in a wave equation, which enables one, in principle, to rigorously examine any limiting case-from negligibly weak to arbitrarily strong disorder at the resonator boundary. It is shown that the effect of disorder-induced scattering can be properly described in terms of two geometric potentials, specifically, the "amplitude" and the "gradient" potentials, which appear in wave equations in the course of conformal smoothing of the resonator boundaries. The scattering resulting from the gradient potential appears to be dominant, and its impact on the whole spectrum is governed by the unique sharpness parameter ?, the mean tangent of the asperity slope. As opposed to the resonator with bulk disorder, the distribution of nearest-neighbor spacings (NNS) ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Novel CdS hollow microspheres have been successfully synthesized via a facile template-free solution-phase reaction from cadmium nitrate and thioacetamide precursors. The morphology of CdS hollow microspheres depends strongly on the ratio between the precursors, cadmium nitrate to thioacetamide ratio. The physical properties of the hollow microspheres have systematically been studied by different characterization methods. The stoichiometry of the hollow microspheres studied by the energy dispersive X-ray diffraction spectroscopy confirmed that the synthesized CdS hollow microspheres are nearly stoichiometric bulk like CdS. The morphology of the hollow microspheres studied by high resolution scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations showed that the CdS hollow microspheres of the size of 2.5 ?m have hollow structure and are constructed by several nanoparticles of the size between 30 and 40 nm. The UV-visible ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The ternary compound CuInS{sub 2} is attractive for solar cells due to its band gap of 1.54 eV which borders the optimum value necessary for conversion of a solar spectrum. Recently, works on thin film cells based on this material (ZnO/CuInS{sub 2}) has been reported to show efficiency as high as 11.4%. In this paper, the orientation and the morphology of CuInS{sub 2} sprayed films are determined by the means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Sprayed CuInS{sub 2} films deposited onto a transparent Pyrex substrate with standard fabrication parameters show a chalcopyrite structure with a preferential orientation (1 1 2). A model based on the calculation of the relative dielectric function {epsilon} has been performed in order to obtain the profile of variation of this parameter and to understand the optical behavior of this material via its transmittance and reflectance in visible and near-infrared regions (0.35-2.5 {mu}m). In the same way, considering the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this work was to investigate the optical properties of several high T/sub c/ compounds in the form of sputtered films. The measurements are used toward this end: optical absorptance (using a calorimetric technique near 4.2K), which yields (after Kramers-Kronig analysis) the complex dielectric function, and thermoreflectance (which measures the change in reflectance in the optical range when a 1 to 10/sup 0/K temperature wave is applied), performed at two ambient temperatures (80 and 300/sup 0/K), yielding the differential dielectric function. The sputtered films included Nb/sub 3/Ge, Nb/sub 3/Al, V/sub 3/Ga and Nb/sub 3/Ir. It is noted that Nb/sub 3/Ir is not a high T/sub c/ superconductor. The thermoreflectance on the bulk samples V/sub 3/Si, V/sub 3/Ge and single crystal Cr/sub 3/Si were not performed because the samples were not in the form of thin films. The thermomodulation studies are correlated with the absorptance ...

Science.gov (United States)

The liquid-phase synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles in organic solvents under exclusion of water is nowadays a well-established alternative to aqueous sol-gel chemistry. In this article, we highlight some of the advantages of these routes based on selected examples. The first part reviews some recent developments in the synthesis of ternary metal oxide nanoparticles by surfactant-free nonaqueous sol-gel routes, followed by the discussion of the morphology-controlled synthesis of lanthanum hydroxide nanoparticles, and the presentation of structural peculiarities of manganese oxide nanoparticles with an ordered Mn vacancy superstructure. These examples show that nonaqueous systems, on the one hand, allow the preparation of compositionally complex oxides, and, on the other hand, make use of the organic components (initially present or formed in situ) in the reaction mixture to tailor the morphology. Furthermore, obviously even the crystal structure can differ from the corresponding ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The fine scale mechanical probing capability of NI-AFM was used to examine hydrogen interaction with plasticity. To realize this, an electrochemical three electrode setup was incorporated into the NI-AFM. The developed ECNI-AFM is capable of performing nanoindentation as well as imaging surfaces inside electrolytes. The developed ECNI-AFM setup was used to examine the effect of cathodically charged hydrogen on dislocation nucleation in pure metals and alloys. It was shown that hydrogen reduces the pop-in load in all of the tested materials except Cu. The reduced pop-in load can be interpreted as the HELP mechanism. Classical dislocation theory was used to model the homogeneous dislocation nucleation and it was shown that H reduces the activation energy for dislocation nucleation in H sensitive metals which are not undergoing a phase transformation. The activation energy for dislocation nucleation is related to the material specific parameters; shear modulus {mu}, dislocation core ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As the only non-polar plane the (110) surface has a unique role in GaAs. Together with Silicon as a dopant it is an important substrate orientation for the growth of n-type or p-type heterostructures. As a consequence, this thesis will concentrate on growth and research on that surface. In the course of this work we were able to realize two-dimensional electron systems with the highest mobilities reported so far on this orientation. Therefore, we review the necessary growth conditions and the accompanying molecular process. The two-dimensional electron systems allowed the study of a new, intriguing transport anisotropy not explained by current theory. Moreover, we were the first growing a two-dimensional hole gas on (110) GaAs with Si as dopant. For this purpose we invented a new growth modulation technique necessary to retrieve high mobility systems. In addition, we discovered and studied the metal-insulator transition in thin bulk p-type layers on (110) GaAs. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The valence and spin-state distributions of Co ions and the complex structure of antiferromagnetic Ba_2Co_9O_1_4 have led to the suggestion that doped Ba_2Co_9O_1_4 compounds may be good thermoelectric materials. We have checked this suggestion by measuring the magnetic properties as well as the transport properties of nominal Ba_1_._9A_0_._1Co_9O_1_4 (A=La or Na). We show that although all compounds are indicated to be single phase by powder X-ray diffraction analysis, they are all p-type polaronic conductors with low mobile-hole concentrations. Magnetic-susceptibility data of the parent and La-doped compounds give evidence of a second magnetic phase with ferromagnetic order setting in below 215 K; but this second phase is not seen in the Na-doped sample. We conclude that the structure is stabilized by oxidation and that cation exolution from the Ba_2Co_9O_1_4 structure creates cation vacancies that oxidize the high-spin (HS) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication. 5 refs., 2 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... momentum transfer propagator scattering scattering amplitudes strong

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Apart from the vulnerability implied by the START II treaty, it will bear the burden of the general political opposition to the Yeltsin administration. START II will be seen as part of an overall Yeltsin-Andrei Kozyrev foreign policy that is under fire for selling out Russian national interests in Yugoslavia, the Persian Gulf, and elsewhere. This article discusses public opinion concerning START II, the cost of its implementation, and the general purpose of the treaty.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The upgraded CDF II detector has collected first data during the initial operation of the Tevatron accelerator in Run II. The simulation of the CDF electromagnetic and hadronic central and upgraded plug (forward) calorimeter is based on the Gflash calorimeter parameterization package used within the GEANT based detector simulation of the Run II CDF detector. We present the results of tuning the central and plug calorimeter response to test beam data.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this paper is to describe the embedded computer systems approach taken at Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) for non-safety related systems. The hardware and software structures for typical embedded systems are presented The embedded systems development process is described. Three examples are given which illustrate typical embedded computer applications in EBR-II.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a key proapoptotic factor in fibrotic tissue diseases. However, the mechanism of Ang-II-induced cell death in endothelial cells has not been previously elucidated....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study focuses on a series of Pt{sup II}(L-L{prime})(dppm){sup n+} complexes, where dppm is bis(diphenylphosphino)methane and L-L{prime} are C(caret)C{prime} (n = 0), C(caret)N (n = 1), and N(caret)N{prime} (n = 2) aromatic ligands. Structural characteristics are reported. Structural features indicate that the Pt-C bond distance is shorter than the Pt-N bond distance in symmetrical complexes and that the Pt-P bond distance trans to N is shorter than the Pt-P bond trans to C. This is consistent with the {sup 31}P NMR spectra where the chemical shift of the P trans to C is {approximately}10 ppm less than found for P trans to N. The energy maxima of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer band for the complexes containing various L-L{prime} ligands occur in the near-UV region of the spectrum and fall into the energy series bpy > bph > phen > 2-phpy > 2-ptpy > 2-phq > 7,9-bzq, where bpy is 2,2{prime}-bipyridine, 2-phpy is ...

CERN Document Server

We performed a spectroscopic galaxy survey, complete to $m_{F814W}\\leq20.3$ ($L_B>0.15L_B^{\\star}$ at z=0.3), within 100x100'' of the quasar Q1127-145 ($z_{em}=1.18$). The VLT/UVES quasar spectrum contains three $z_{abs}<0.33$ MgII absorption systems. We obtained eight new galaxy redshifts, adding to the four previously known, and galaxy star formation rates (SFRs) and metallicities were computed where possible. A strong MgII system [$W_r(2796)=1.8$A], which is a known damped Ly$\\alpha$ absorber (DLA), had three previously identified galaxies; we found two additional galaxies associated with this system. These five galaxies form a group with diverse properties, such as a luminosity range of $0.04\\leq L_B\\leq0.63 L_B^{\\star}$, an impact parameter range of $17\\leq D \\leq 241$ kpc and velocity dispersion of $\\sigma$=115 km/s. The DLA group galaxy redshifts span beyond the 350 km/s velocity spread of the metallic ...

CERN Document Server

The problem of model selection arises in a number of contexts, such as subset selection in linear regression, estimation of structures in graphical models, and signal denoising. This paper generalizes the notion of "incoherence" in the existing literature on model selection and introduces two fundamental measures of coherence---termed as the worst-case coherence and the average coherence---among the columns of a design matrix. It utilizes these two measures of coherence to provide an in-depth analysis of two variants of a simple one-step thresholding (OST) algorithm for model selection and proves that OST is feasible for model selection as long as the design matrix obeys an easily verifiable property. One of the key insights offered by the ensuing analysis in this regard is that if the design matrix has reasonably small worst-case and average coherence then OST performs near-optimally when either (i) the energy of any nonzero entry of the signal is close to the ...

Science.gov (United States)

Lunar resource utilization has focused principally on the extraction of oxygen from the lunar regolith. A number of schemes have been proposed for oxygen extraction from Ilmenite and Anorthite. Serendipitously, these schemes have as their by-products (or more directly as their "waste products"), materials needed for the fabrication of thin film silicon solar cells. Thus lunar surface possesses both the elemental components needed for the fabrication of silicon solar cells and a vacuum environment that allows for vacuum deposition of thin film solar cells directly on the surface of the Moon without the need for vacuum chambers. In support of the US space exploration initiative a new architecture for the production of thin film solar cells on directly on the lunar surface is proposed. The paper discusses experimental data on the fabrication and properties of lunar glass substrates, evaporated lunar regolith thin films (anti-reflect coatings and insulators), and ...

CERN Document Server

We use X-ray scattering and molecular simulations to investigate the structural properties of complexes of multivalent cationic lipids and DNA molecules. At low mole fraction of neutral lipids (NLs), $\\Phi_{\\rm NL}$, the complexes show dramatic DNA compaction down to essentially close packed DNA arrays with a DNA interaxial spacing $d_{\\rm DNA}=25\\AA$. A gradual increase in $\\Phi_{\\rm NL}$ does not lead to a continuous increase in $d_{\\rm DNA}$ as observed for DNA complexes of monovalent cationic lipids (CLs). Instead, distinct spacing regimes exist, with sharp transitions between them. Three packing states have been identified: (i) close packed, (ii) condensed, but not close packed, with $d_{\\rm DNA}=27-28\\AA$, and (iii) an expanded state, where $d_{\\rm DNA}$ increases gradually with $\\Phi_{\\rm NL}$. Based on our experimental and computational results, we conclude that the DNA condensation is mediated by the multivalent cationic ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In 1972 a consortium consisting of Gebruder Sulzer A.G., Winterthur and EVT, Energie- und Verfahrenstechnik G.m.b.H., Stuttgart, was awarded the contract by HBR, Hochtemperatur Reaktorbau G.m.b.H., Koln/Mannheim, for the design, manufacture and installation of the 6 steam generator units for the prototype 300 MWe Thorium High Temperature Reactor (THTR) at Schmehausen, Germany. The design and manufacture of the 6 units is done by Sulzer; installation of the units as well as the manufacture of the external pipework and headers is done by EVT. The units are built under semiclean conditions in a special workshop at CCM-Sulzer in mantes, France. This workshop had been used previously for the manufacture of the steam generators for the nuclear power plants St. Laurent I, II, Vandellos (500 Mwe each) and EL-4 (70 Mwe). The present paper defines the operating conditions and the chemical composition of the materials used, including Alloy 800. Reasons for the choice of Alloy ...

Science.gov (United States)

Any student that has spent time in the kitchen knows that hot vegetable oil will pop and spatter violently after coming into contact with water such as that on the surface of foods (meat, fish, potatoes, etc.). This well-known effect can be used as an instructional resource to promote cooperative, active, and inquiry-based learning about central concepts of chemistry including boiling point, miscibility, and density of liquids. The starting point of the learning activity is a demonstration of (i) the effect of adding a drop of water to hot (as for cooking) vegetable oil and (ii) the effect of adding a drop of vegetable oil to hot water (near its boiling point). Intermolecular interactions, properties of vegetable oils, and a variety of other topics, such as the importance of other heat points (smoke, flash, and fire) for oils, the fundamental of the crackle test for checking the presence of water in oil, and why an oil fire (for example in a ...

CERN Document Server

We numerically investigate whether and how gaseous ejecta from AGB stars can be converted into new stars within originally massive star clusters (MSCs) in order to understand the origin of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters (GCs). We adopt a scenario in which (i) MSCs with masses of M_s can be formed from high-mass, high-density giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in their host galactic building blocks embedded in dark matter halos at high redshifts and (ii) their evolution therefore can be significantly influenced by M_s, their initial locations, and physical properties of their hosts. Our 3D hydrodynamical simulations show that gaseous ejecta from AGB stars can be retained within MSCs and consequently converted into new stars very efficiently in the central regions of MSCs, only if M_s exceed a threshold mass (M_th) of ~10^6 M_sun. The new stars can correspond to the ``second generation (SG)'' of stars with higher Na and lower O ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A mathematical model of a mineral melting cupola furnace for stone wool production has been developed for improving cupola operation. The 1-D, first-engineering-principles model includes mass and heat balances for the gas phase, five solid phases, and four liquid phases. The gas and solid/liquid phases flow countercurrently. Seven chemical reactions account for the conversions of coke, iron oxide, limestone, and gaseous species. The heterogeneous reactions of coke conversion are limited by both kinetics and mass transport. Heat transfer between phases is modeled including both convection and radiation. The model predicts gas concentrations; mass flow rates; and temperature profiles of the solid, melt, and gas in the cupola, as well as heat loss to the water-cooled walls. Inputs to the model include the coke, rock, and blast air properties, the blast air amount, and the coke percentage in the charge. The unknown model parameters are estimated on the basis of ...

CERN Document Server

Using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the FIRST (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters) catalogs, we examined the optical environments around double-lobed radio sources. Previous studies have shown that multi-component radio sources exhibiting some degree of bending between components are likely to be found in galaxy clusters. Often this radio emission is associated with a cD-type galaxy at the center of a cluster. We cross-correlated the SDSS with the FIRST catalog and measured the richness of the cluster environments surrounding both bent and straight multi-component sources. This led to the discovery and classification of a large number of galaxy clusters out to a redshift of z ~ 0.5. We divided our sample into smaller subgroups based on their optical and radio properties. We find that FR I radio sources are more likely to be found in galaxy clusters than FR II sources. Further, we find that bent radio sources are more ...

CERN Document Server

Recently the D{\\O} Collaboration reported an observation of like-sign charge asymmetry (CA), which is about $3.2 \\sigma$ deviation from the standard model (SM) prediction. Inspired by the observation we investigate the scalar unparticle effects, under the color charge of $SU(3)_c$ symmetry, in the CP violation in neutral B meson oscillations as well as the dispersive and absorptive parts of $\\bar B_q\\leftrightarrow B_q$ transition, which can be related to the CA directly. In order to illustrate the peculiar properties of unparticle, our analysis is carried out in two scenarios for the right-handed section: (I) $\\lambda_R=\\lambda_L$ and $U_D^R=U_D^L$, where $\\lambda_{L,R}$ and $U_D^{L,R}$ are the couplings and flavor mixing matrix of left- and right-handed section, respectively; (II) $\\lambda_R >> \\lambda_L$ and $U_D^R$ is completely a free parameter. In scenario I we found that the wrong- and like-sign CA cannot be changed ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The National Bureau of Standards' (NBS) CW racetrack microtron (RTM) will be utilized as a driver for a free electron laser (FEL) oscillator. The NBS RTM possesses many exceptional properties of value for the FEL: i) CW operation, ii) energy from 20-185 MeV, iii) small energy spread and emittance, iv) excellent energy stability, and v) high average power. The 1-D FEL gain formula predicts that the FEL would oscillate at the fundamental approximately from 0.25 #mu#m to 10 #mu#m when up-grading the peak current to #>=# 2 A. In this paper, the authors present 3-D self-consistent numerical results including several realistic effects, such as emittance, betatron oscillations, diffraction and refraction. The results indicate that the design value of the transverse emittance is small enough that it does not degrade the FEL performance for intermediate to long wavelengths, and only slightly degrades the performance at the shortest wavelength under ...

CERN Document Server

This paper is about algebro-geometrical structures on a moduli space $\\CM$ of anomaly-free BV QFTs with finite number of inequivalent observables or in a finite superselection sector. We show that $\\CM$ has the structure of F-manifold -- a linear pencil of torsion-free flat connection with unity on the tangent space, in quantum coordinates. We study the notion of quantum coordinates for the family of QFTs, which determines the connection 1-form as well as every quantum correlation function of the family in terms of the 1-point functions of the initial theory. We then define free energy for an unital BV QFT and show that it is another avatar of morphism of QFT algebra. These results are consequences of the solvability of refined quantum master equation of the theory. We also introduce the notion of a QFT integral and study some properties of BV QFT equipped with a QFT integral. We show that BV QFT with a non-degenerate QFT integral leads to the WDVV equation---the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We study the origin and properties of 'extra' or 'excess' central light in the surface brightness profiles of cusp or power-law elliptical galaxies. Dissipational mergers give rise to two-component profiles: an outer profile established by violent relaxation acting on stars already present in the progenitor galaxies prior to the final stages of the merger, and an inner stellar population comprising the extra light, formed in a compact central starburst. By combining a large set of hydrodynamical simulations with data that span a broad range of profiles at various masses, we show that observed cusp ellipticals appear consistent with the predicted 'extra light' structure, and we use our simulations to motivate a two-component description of the observations that allows us to examine how the properties and mass of this component scale with, e.g., the mass, gas content, and other properties of the galaxies. We show how to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto a non-activated charcoal (CC) of oak wood origin was studied in comparison with an activated carbon of coal origin. The adsorption capacity for Pb(II) of the non-activated charcoal increased significantly with deceasing particle diameter, whereas the activated carbon (AC) exhibited approximately constant capacity for Pb(II) adsorption as a function of particle size. Adsorption to the ashes prepared from the non-activated charcoal and the activated carbon was also investigated to examine the role of mineral ash. Although the ash from the activated carbon did not show any Pb(II) adsorption, the ash from the charcoal was very effective for Pb(II) adsorption. Furthermore, Pb(II) was hardly adsorbed when the ash was removed from the non-activated charcoal by acid treatment. Based on the results, the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The aim of this study was to develop a nanostructured Nb2O5-natural hydroxyapatite bulk composite to serve as an alternative biocompatible bulk material for implants. A set of samples of hydroxyapatite from fish bones with different concentrations of Nb2O5 were designed. They were prepared through a milling process, compacted under different pressures (350, 450, 550 and 650MPa) and sintered in air atmosphere at 1000^oC for 1h. The results revealed that the prepared composites presented strong interactions between the two elements and showed improvement in the sinterability with significant densification and microstructure changes, suggesting that they are promising for implants meant to replace bone tissues.

CERN Document Server

In general relativity, the fields on a black hole horizon are obtained from those in the bulk by pullback and restriction. Similarly, in quantum gravity, the quantized horizon degrees of freedom should result from restricting, or pulling-back, the quantized bulk degrees of freedom. This is not yet fully realized in the - otherwise very successful - quantization of isolated horizons in loop quantum gravity. In this work we outline a setting in which the quantum horizon degrees of freedom are simply components of the quantized bulk degrees of freedom. There is no need to quantize them separately. We present evidence that for a horizon of sphere topology, the resulting horizon theory is remarkably similar to what has been found before.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This SBIR Phase I developed neutron detectors made from gallium arsenide (GaAs) p-type/ intrinsic/n-type (P-I-N) diodes grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) onto semi-insulating (S1) bulk GaAs wafers. A layer of isotonically enriched boron-10 evaporated onto the front surface serves to convert incoming neutrons into lithium ions and a 1.47 MeV alpha particle which creates electron-hole pairs that are detected by the GaAs diode. Various thicknesses of ''intrinsic'' (I) undoped GaAs were tested, as was use of a back-surface field (BSF) formed from a layer of Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}As. Schottky-barrier diodes formed from the same structures without the p+ GaAs top layer were tested as a comparison. After mesa etching and application of contacts, devices were tested in visible light before application of the boron coating. Internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the best diode near the GaAs bandedge is over 90%. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A geochemical survey to assess and evaluate the Devonian oil shale resources of north Alabama, northwest Georgia, and south-central Tennessee has been performed. Information is provided on the location and extent of the more favorable kerogen-bearing Devonian shale, oil and uranium content of the shale, trace metal and standard rock analyses for shale, data on the physical properties of the shale rock, mineralogy of the shale, chemical properties of the oil, and other pertinent data deemed necessary for resource development. The results indicate that the oil yield from areas underlain by Chattanooga Shale can be divided into areas having greater than 7 g/t and areas having less than 7 g/t. In general, the oil yield by Fischer assay of samples from the folded Appalachian Valley and Ridge and the Appalachian Plateaus provinces is poor, all having less than 5 g/t and most samples closer to 0 g/t. The extreme variance of Fischer assay values in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Organic materials released from energy-related activities could affect human health and the environment. To better assess possible impacts, we developed a model to predict the fate of spills or discharges of pollutants into flowing or static bodies of fresh water. A computer code, Aquatic Pathways Model (APM), was written to implement the model. The computer programs use compartmental analysis to simulate aquatic ecosystems. The APM estimates the concentrations of chemicals in fish tissue, water and sediment, and is therefore useful for assessing exposure to humans through aquatic pathways. The APM will consider any aquatic pathway for which the user has transport data. Additionally, APM will estimate transport rates from physical and chemical properties of chemicals between several key compartments. The major pathways considered are biodegradation, fish and sediment uptake, photolysis, and evaporation. The model has been implemented with parameters for ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

If bone strength was the only requirement of skeleton, it could be achieved with bulk, but bone must also be light. During growth, bone modelling and remodelling optimize strength, by depositing bone...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hole mobility changes under uniaxial and combinational stress in different directions are characterized and analyzed by applying additive mechanical uniaxial stress to bulk Si and SiGe-virtual-substrate-induced strained-Si (s-Si) p-MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) along (110) and (100) channel directions. In bulk Si, a mobility enhancement peak is found under uniaxial compressive strain in the low vertical field. The combination of (100) direction uniaxial tensile strain and substrate-induced biaxial tensile strain provides a higher mobility relative to the (110) direction, opposite to the situation in bulk Si. But the combinational strain experiences a gain loss at high field, which means that uniaxial compressive strain may still be a better choice. The mobility enhancement of SiGe-induced strained p-MOSFETs along the (110) direction under additive uniaxial tension is explained by the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Semiconductor nanocrystals smaller than the bulk exciton show substantial quantum confinement effects. Recent experiments including Stark effect, resonance Raman, valence band photoemission, and near edge X-ray adsorption will be used to put together a picture of the nanocrystal electronic states.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eu 4f electronic structures of a temperature-induced valence transition system EuPd{sub 2}Si{sub 2} have been investigated by bulk-sensitive high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy at temperatures from 20 to 300 K. The bulk Eu{sup 2+} 4f component is definitely distinguished from two surface Eu{sup 2+} 4f components. The changes in the spectral intensity of the bulk Eu{sup 2+} and Eu{sup 3+} 4f configurations and in the energy separation between these states are observed in the temperature dependent photoemission spectra. These temperature dependences are related to the valence transition of EuPd{sub 2}Si{sub 2}. The Eu mean valence is evaluated to be 2.75{+-}0.03 at 20 K and 2.30{+-}0.05 at 300 K. These values are in good agreement with those evaluated from Moessbauer and Eu L{sub III}-edge X-ray absorption measurements.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Band-structure studies of NbN and VN are reported. The results of angle-resolved photoemission experiments performed on NbN/sub 0.93/ and VN/sub 0.89/ are presented. The bulk-band structures calculated for stoichiometric NbN and VN using the linearized augmented-plane-wave method are presented and utilized in the interpretation of the experimental spectra. It is shown that most of the features in the spectra can be accounted for by direct bulk-band transitions. A fairly good agreement between experimental and calculated band locations and dispersions is obtained.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

LEDF(Large Equipment Dismantling Facility) is the solid waste processing technology development facility that carries out high-volume reduction and low dosage processing. The high-volume reduction processing of the high dose {alpha}-waste configured with combustible waste, pvc and rubber, spent ion exchange resin, and noncombustible waste have been planned the incinerating and melting facility using the in-can type high frequency induction heating in LEDF. This test is intended to clarify the design data. It was confirmed that the incinerating and melting performance, molten solid properties and exhaust gas processing performance with pilot testing equipment and bench scale equipment. The result of this test are as follows. 1. Processing speed is 6.7 kg/h for the combustible waste, 13.0 kg/h for the ion exchange resin, and 30.0 kg/h for the noncombustible waste. For above optimum processing conditions are as follows. Operating temperature is 1000degC for the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectivesThe updated Rome III criteria for pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) include new FGID categories and changes to the Rome II criteria...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Aminopeptidase II, one of the two major aminopeptidases in the giant alga Chara australis, was partially purified. Its molecular weight was estimated to be about 80,000 by gel permeation...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe binding of peptide fragments of antigens to class II MHC is a crucial step in initiating a helper T cell immune response. The identification of such peptide epitopes...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundPromoter region plays an important role in determining where the transcription of a particular gene should be initiated. Computational prediction of eukaryotic Pol II promoter...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The biosorption of lead (II) and copper (II) ions, single component and binary systems, by dried P. putida was investigated in a batch system. The effects of initial pH, temperature, initial single and binary mixture concentrations on the biosorption kinetics and equilibrium uptake of each component, both single and binary mixtures were investigated. The bacterial biomass exhibited the highest single and binary lead (II) and copper (II) ions uptake capacity at 25 and 30 deg. C, respectively, the initial pH value of 5.5 and at the initial metal ions concentration of 100 mg dm{sup -3}. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium and isotherm constants were evaluated at different temperatures. Adsorption data were well described by the Langmuir model, although they could be modeled by the Freundlich equation. The thermodynamics ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Page 66 List of Figures Figure II.A.1 Simple Fuel Cell Model Page 8 ... Carbon Electrodes Figure II.A.1 Simple Fuel Cell Model Page 11. 9 ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Anaerobic reactions of Rhus vernicifera laccase and its type-2 copper-depleted derivatives with hexacyanoferrate(II) were investigated by absorption and e.s.r. spectroscopy. When native laccase was...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The identification of MHC class II restricted peptide epitopes is an important goal in immunological research. A number of computational tools have been developed for this purpose, but there is a lack...Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Titanate nanotubes were hydrothermally synthesized and their adsorption performances for lead(II) ion removal were studied. The results showed that titanate nanotubes ruptured in the adsorption process resulting in two distinct adsorption stages, thus achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 3.752mmolg^-^1 of lead(II). Furthermore, it was found that the regeneration of titanate nanotubes loaded with the lead(II) ions can be readily achieved using the saturated EDTA disodium salt aqueous solution, thereby avoiding the trouble of disposal of adsorbent. The adsorption mechanism was also discussed in detail.

Science.gov (United States)

... 1959). It was not possible for us, however, to detect any reaction of this type in the annials immunized with brucela. Considering ...

Science.gov (United States)

... II. Nuclear Purification Nuclear purity is achieved with the help of the treatment of commercial concentrates of uranium ("yellow cake"). ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : AD0833945. Title : COST EVALUATION AND COST ESTIMATING FOR SHIPBOARD ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT. VOLUME II. ...

Science.gov (United States)

The interaction between N-donor adsorbates such as ammonia and pyridine with Cu(II)-exchanged montmorillonite, beidellite, flourohectorite into smectite clays has been studied by electron spin resonance. Cu(II) cations exchanged into smectites coordinate five ammonia or pyridine molecules in beidellite, four ammonia of pyridine molecules in hydroxyhectorite. Thus, the Cu(II) cations bound to the interior surfaces of these smectite clays constitute strong Lewis acid sites. 26 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

Ternary copper(II) complexes [Cu(L1)B](ClO4) (1, 2) and [Cu(L2)B](ClO4) (3, 4), where HL1 and HL2 are tridentate NSO- and ONO-donor Schiff bases and B is a heterocyclic base, viz. dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq, 1 and 3) or dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz, 2 and 4), were prepared and their DNA binding and photoinduced DNA cleavage activity studied. Complex 1, structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, shows an axially elongated square-pyramidal (4 + 1) coordination geometry in which the monoanionic L1 binds at the equatorial plane. The NN-donor dpq ligand exhibits an axial-equatorial binding mode. The complexes display good binding propensity to calf thymus DNA, giving a relative order 2 (NSO-dppz) > 4 (ONO-dppz) > 1 (NSO-dpq) > 3 (ONO-dpq). They cleave supercoiled pUC19 DNA to its nicked circular form when treated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) by formation of hydroxyl radicals as the cleavage active species ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Incorporation of /sup 32/P from (gamma-32P)ATP into tyrosine residues of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II receptor was observed in a Triton X-100-insoluble fraction of rat adipocyte plasma membranes. IGF-II receptor phosphorylation proceeded to a stoichiometry of approximately 0.5 mol of phosphate/IGF-II binding site after 10 min of incubation at 4 degrees C. A Km for ATP of 6 microM was calculated for this phosphorylation reaction. Addition of IGF-II caused an approximately 2-fold increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of the IGF-II receptor in this preparation. In contrast, phosphorylation of angiotensin II by the Triton X-100 washed membranes was not stimulated by IGF-II. Incubation of purified receptor immobilized on IGF-II agarose or of receptor-enriched low density microsomal membranes with (gamma-32P)ATP did ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Fatty acid biosynthesis is crucial for all living cells. In contrast to higher organisms, bacteria use a type II fatty acid synthase (FAS II) composed of a series of individual proteins, making...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

High-temperature LiCl-KCl molten salt medium provides an efficient way to produce the paramagnetic Eu(II) ion to be magnetically diluted into a diamagnetic host medium. Eu(II) was formed by a dissolution and an auto-reduction processes in a high-temperature LiCl-KCl eutectic melt at 723 K by using Eu_2O_3 as a starting material. By using EPR and luminescence spectroscopic method, we studied the nature of the magnetically isolated paramagnetic Eu(II) ion diluted in a LiCl-KCl medium. With the aid of these spectroscopic tools, it was found that stable Eu(II) species was formed spontaneously at 723 K under anaerobic conditions. EPR and luminescence spectroscopy provided detailed information regarding the nature of the europium ion in a molten salt.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We determined the chromosomal localization and structure of the gene encoding human type II inosine 5{prime}-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH, EC 1.1.1.205), an enzyme associated with cellular proliferation, malignant transformation, and differentiation. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers specific for type II IMPDH, we screened a panel of human-Chinese hamster cell somatic hybrids and a separate deletion panel of chromosome 3 hybrids and localized the gene to 3p21.1{yields}p24.2. Two overlapping yeast artificial chromosome clones containing the full gene for type II IMPDH were isolated and a physical map of 117 kb of human genomic DNA in this region of chromosome 3 was constructed. The gene for type II IMPDH was localized and oriented on this map and found to span no more than 12.5 kb.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study, the biosorption of Cd(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) on Aspergillus niger in a batch system was investigated, and optimal condition determined by means of central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Biomass inactivated by heat and pretreated by alkali solution was used in the determination of optimal conditions. The effect of initial solution pH, biomass dose and initial ion concentration on the removal efficiency of metal ions by A. niger was optimized using a design of experiment (DOE) method. Experimental results indicated that the optimal conditions for biosorption were 5.22 g/L, 89.93 mg/L and 6.01 for biomass dose, initial ion concentration and solution pH, respectively. Enhancement of metal biosorption capacity of the dried biomass by pretreatment with sodium hydroxide was observed. Maximal removal efficiencies for Cd(II), Ni(III) and ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Descriptors : *COMBUSTIBLE CARTRIDGE CASES, STYPHNATES, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, TENSILE PROPERTIES, PRIMERS ...

Science.gov (United States)

The zinc-blende (ZB) and wurtzite (W) structures are the most common crystal forms of binary octet semiconductors. In this work we have developed a simple scaling that systematizes the {ital T}=0 energy difference {Delta}{ital E}{sub W{minus}ZB} between W and ZB for all simple binary semiconductors. We have first calculated the energy difference {Delta}{ital E}{sub W{minus}ZB}{sup LDF}({ital AB}) for AlN, GaN, InN, AlP, AlAs, GaP, GaAs, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdS, C, and Si using a numerically precise implementation of the first-principles local-density formalism (LDF), including structural relaxations. We then find a {ital linear} scaling between {Delta}{ital E}{sub W{minus}ZB}{sup LDF}({ital AB}) and an atomistic orbital-radii coordinate {ital {tilde R}}({ital A},{ital B}) that depends only on the properties of the free atoms {ital A} and {ital B} making up the binary compound {ital AB}. Unlike classical structural coordinates (electronegativity, atomic sizes, electron ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The in-plane resistivity, in-plane absolute thermopower, and upper critical field measurements are reported for single-crystal samples of YNi_2B_2C and LuNi_2B_2C superconductors. The in-plane resistivity shows metallic behavior and varies approximately linearly with temperature near room temperature (RT) but shows nearly quadratic behavior in temperature at low temperatures. The YNi_2B_2C and LuNi_2B_2C single-crystal samples exhibit large transverse magnetoresistance (#approx#6 8% at 45 kOe) in the ab plane. The absolute thermopower S(T) is negative from RT to the superconducting transition temperature T_c. Its magnitude at RT is a few times of the value for a typical good metal. S(T) is approximately linear in temperature between #approx#150 K and RT. Extrapolation to T=0 gives large intercepts (few #mu#V/K) for both samples suggesting the presence of a much larger knee than would be expected from electron-phonon interaction renormalization effects. The upper critical fields for H ...

Science.gov (United States)

Sida rhomboidea. Roxb leaf extract (SRLE) is being used by the populace of North-East India to alleviate symptoms of diabetes and obesity. We have previously reported its hypolipidemic and anti-diabetic properties. In this study, we report the effect of SRLE on (i) in vivo modulation of genes controlling high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity and (ii) in vitro 3T3L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation and leptin release. Supplementation with SRLE significantly prevented HFD induced increment in bodyweight, plasma lipids and leptin, visceral adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy. Also, SRLE supplementation reduced food intake, down regulated PPAR?2, SREBP1c, FAS and LEP expressions and up-regulated CPT-1 in epididymal adipose tissue compared to obese mice. In vitro adipogenesis of 3T3L1 pre-adipocytes was significantly retarded in the presence of SRLE extract. Also decreased triglyceride accumulation, leptin release and glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate ...