Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This demonstration project uses modern simulation techniques to illustrate the important technologies and design variables that an auto-designer would consider in production a high efficiency, low emissions vehicle. Simulation and modeling techniques use the idea of capturing the relationships between real components of the systems with mathematical equations. These equations are then solved on a computer to simulate the behavior or performance of the system under various conditions. In the current demonstration project, we focus on many variations of a hydrogen-powered vehicle.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Combining the approaches given by Baldwin [Baldwin D et al. Symbolic computation of exact solutions expressible in hyperbolic and elliptic functions for nonlinear PDEs. J Symbol Comput 2004;37:669-705], Peng [Peng YZ. A polynomial expansion method and new general solitary wave solutions to KS equation. Comm Theor Phys 2003;39:641-2] and by Schuermann [Schuermann HW, Serov VS. Weierstrass' solutions to certain nonlinear wave and evolution equations. Proc progress electromagnetics research symposium, 28-31 March 2004, Pisa. p. 651-4; Schuermann HW. Traveling-wave solutions to the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schroedinger equation. Phys Rev E 1996;54:4312-20] leads to a method for finding exact travelling wave solutions of nonlinear wave and evolution equations (NLWEE). The first idea is to generalize ansaetze given by Baldwin and Peng to find elliptic solutions of NLWEEs. Secondly, conditions used by Schuermann to find physical (real and bounded) ...

CERN Document Server

Future High Energy Physics experiments will produce unprecedented data volumes (up to 1 GB/s [1]). In most cases it will be impossible to analyse these data in real time and they will have to be stored on durable mostly magnetic linear media (e.g. tapes) for later analysis. This threatens to become a major cost factor for the running of these experiments. Here we present some ideas developed together with the Institute of Computer Graphics, Department for Algorithms and Programming on how this volume and the related cost can be reduced significantly. The algorithms presented are not general ones but aimed in particular to physics experiments data. Taking advantage of the knowledge of the data they are highly superior to general ones (Huffman, LZW, arithmetic coding) both in compression rate but more importantly in speed as to keep up with the output rate to modern tape drives. Above standard algorithms are, however, used after the data have ...

Science.gov (United States)

The Real Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) is an augmentation of Java for real time applications of

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Innovative new ideas for the construction of homes are described. A thermal energy storage system fireplace and a geothermal heat pump for homes are described.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Our modern society is increasingly faced with challenges and problems that cannot be solved by a purely technical, political or social approach. Radioactive waste disposal site selection and management can be characterised as one of these challenges that require a transdisciplinary approach, integrating social, philosophical and ethical aspects in a 'technical' practice. Along the spirit of this transdisciplinary approach, and in order to ensure the necessary public support for a policy decision regarding this practice, stakeholder involvement is more and more seen as a necessary policy element in the decision making process. The aim is to achieve the broad involvement of individuals from civil society, with significant representation from local communities, elected representatives and NGO's, as well as scientists from outside radioactive waste management organisations, together with established players in the field, such as the implementers of radioactive ...

Science.gov (United States)

Heart Arrest

Science.gov (United States)

... asymmetric versions of two different methods of joining GRP composite sandwich panels 3with steel were obtained (see Figure 1.7), the idea being ...

CERN Document Server

In this note, we have shown special case on Routh stability criterion, which is not discussed, in previous literature. This idea can be useful in computer science applications.

Science.gov (United States)

... radiation during clinical therapy and exposures due to radiation accidents or attacks, in which the doses are uncontrolled ... only be used off-label in victims of radiation accidents or attacks. The idea...

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADD403673. Title : What is the Real Cost of Fire Retardant Flexible Foam,. Corporate Author : MOBAY ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this paper, we present an analytic framework for investigating expert mathematical learning as the process of building a network of mathematical resources by establishing relationships between different components and properties of mathematical ideas. We then use this framework to analyze the reasoning of ten mathematicians and mathematics graduate students that were asked to read and make sense of an unfamiliar, but accessible, mathematical proof in the domain of geometric topology. We find that experts are more likely to refer to definitions when questioning or explaining some aspect of the focal mathematical idea and more likely to refer to specific examples or instantiations when making sense of an unknown aspect of that idea. However, in general, they employ a variety of types of m...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A real-time two-dimensional void fraction distribution measurement of gas-liquid two-phase flow was carried out by real-time neutron radiography and real-time image processing. The JRR-3M real-time thermal neutron radiography system and a Musashi dynamic image processing system were used. Image processing methods to calculate two-dimensional and cross-sectional void fraction distributions were proposed. The void fraction distribution was calculated by non-linear processing of the neutron radiography image and displayed by pseudo-color in real-time. A simple gas-liquid two-phase flow induced by injecting gas through needles at the bottom of water pool in a rectangular vessel was tested. (orig.).

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the exchange of experience and ideas in the social, political and economic areas. ...the fast-changing, high-risk and short-term nature of these network relationships is seen to conflict with the slow ...incremental process of change characteristic of the German social-market model.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This is an informal personal review of the development over time of my ideas about the concentrating mechanism of the mammalian renal papilla. It had been observed that animals with a need to produce...Full Text Available

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... (restricted)] 24-53 Cyclicality of Fiscal Policy in Oil-Producing Countries by E. Gurvich & E. Vakulenko & P. Krivenko [Downloadable! (restricted)] 54-75 Russian Energy Efficiency Potential by I. Bashmakov [Downloadable! (restricted)] 76-94 Outlook and ...

Wastenet

...11 23861 767 23917 3 Journal of Economic Growth, Springer 29.093 6313 217 6438 4 Econometrica, Econometric Society 28.104 89847 3197 91067 5 Review of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This project reflected cooperation across the disciplines in the physical sciences, engineering, mathematics and computer science. The University of the Pacific served as the center for this pre-college program. The idea was to use this link as a pilot program.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Changes in synaptic strength are believed to underlie learning and memory. We explore the idea that norepinephrine is an essential modulator of memory through its ability to regulate synaptic mechanisms....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Recently reported technologies for DNA-directed organic synthesis and for DNA computing rely on routing DNA populations through complex networks. The reduction of these ideas to practice has been limited...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Consistent holistic view of sexual species as the highest form of biological existence is presented. The Weismann's idea that sex and recombination provide the variation for the natural...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The national standards and state derivatives must be reinforced by models of curricular reform. In this paper, ARISE presents one model based on a set of principles--coherence, integration of the sciences, movement from concrete ideas to abstract ones, inquiry, connection and application, sequencing that is responsive to how people learn.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The invention concerns the conversion of steam turbines, particularly condensation turbines, for the economic coupling of process steam and heating steam. The conversion occurs by retaining the basic construction of foundations, housing and bearings as support group and coupling member and matching the specially developed construction for the idea of use into the existing housing, and inserting the rotor into the shaft unit. By having the unchanged supports of the housing and the bearings of the shaft unit, the elasticity in expansion and the vibration behaviour of the turbine are retained and the conversion costs can be lowered.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An array of multiwire proportional counters has been employed to image, in 'real-time', a collimated neutron beam produced at an electron linac facility. Test results are presented, along with a discussion of the advantages of this technique.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We studied multi-joint coordination during tasks of transporting real and imaginary objects with two arms. One of the arms was unexpectedly arrested in one third of trials performed. In the...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Real-time PCR has the potential to streamline detection and identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in human clinical samples. In the present...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An array of multiwire proportional counters has been employed to image, in 'real-time', a collimated neutron beam produced at an electron linac facility. Test results are presented, along with a discussion of the advantages of this technique. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

Directional audio technology for headphone applications is being developed. A laboratory demonstration model of a real-time digital ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(1980). United States Panhuise, VE Bull, SR Seydel, JA Univ of Missouri-

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(Jun 1982). United States Davis, MV Berger, H. Patricelli, F. Georgia Institute

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

Let (X,O) be a real analytic isolated surface singularity at the origin o of a real analytic manifold M equipped with a real analytic metric g. Given a real analytic function f:(M,O) --> (R,0) singular at O, we prove that the gradient trajectories for the metric g|(X,O) of the restriction f|X escaping from or ending up at the origin O do not oscillate. Such a trajectory is thus a sub-pfaffian set. Moreover, in each connected component of X\\O where the restricted gradient does not vanish, there is always a trajectory accumulating at O and admitting a formal asymptotic expansion at O

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The aim of this work is the implantation and characterization of a neutron radiography system that uses an electronic device for attainment of images in real time, for its implementation in the nuclear research reactor Argonauta at IEN/CNEN (Nuclear Engineering Institute of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission). The Electronic Imaging System in Real Time is composed by a scintillator screen for neutron, a video camera (CCD), a digital plate and a computer with specific computational programs for digital processing of the images. The System in installed real time is apt to carry through neutron radiography inspections of static and dynamic events of several types of samples. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to understand the detail transient two-phase flow structure, more advanced two-phase flow instrumentation is required. One advanced technique for flow visualization is real-time neutron radiography. Reconstruction method of visualized radiographic image of liquid metal two-phase flow generated by the real-time neutron radiography system is proposed in this paper. Image processing techniques for noise reduction and image enhancement are discussed in detail. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A series of real-time, neutron radiography, experiments are ongoing at the Texas A and M Nuclear Science Center Reactor (NSCR). These tests determine the resolving capabilities for radiographic imaging of two phase water and air flow regimes through small diameter flow channels. Though both film and video radiographic imaging is available, the real-time video imaging was selected to capture the dynamic flow patterns with results that continue to improve. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The characteristics of real-time neutron radiography are described briefly in this paper, and the acquirement of neutron flux, the selection of convertor and the structure of the twilight imaging system and the image-sampling and image-processing system in SPRR-300 reactor are also analyzed detailedly. The experimental result of real-time neutron radiograph is too analyzed in this paper

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

What kind of hardware and software should be used to interface GPIB devices with the existing computer system. One idea was to use a commercially available Multibus card, BLC 8488 from National Semiconductor, whose on-board Z80 would manage the GPIB read/write functions and handshakes. With this card, one could make a hardware system which would consist of (1) CAMAC 080, (2) Multibus crate, (3) M. Shea's M68000, (4) M080, (5) BLC 8488 and (6) memory board. And the software considered for such a hardware package was GAS, which had been an established software package for communication between the ACNET computer system and smart CAMAC modules. However, a second idea was to put everything on a two-wide CAMAC module. The author pursued the second idea and came up with a two-wide CAMAC module called C488. The author describes the hardware - block diagrams, circuit blocks, front panel and hardware tests. He also refers ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experiences in hazardous materials transportation show that purely strategic or planning approaches have considerable shortcomings and that real-time management must be addressed. The commercialization of advanced location and communications technology provides the basis for real-time guidance. Considering the possibilities this new technology offers, a real-time routing model is proposed. It is based on the premises that a human dispatcher must assess the impacts of sudden events on safety and transportation costs and evaluate safe and cost-effective routing alternatives. Due to high uncertainty and time constraints in this real-time environment, risks and transportation costs are expressed as preferences on an ordinal scale. The model has been integrated into a decision support system and assessed in an experimental setting. This ordinal preference model turned out to be superior to a utility approach ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this article based on extensive ethnographic interviewing of eighty-six Japanese adults, I analyze the different ways in which they understand life after death, and consider the societal implications of their views. I examine senses of life after death as based in communion with departed family members as linked to practices of ancestor veneration and ideologies of Japaneseness. I consider heaven/hell or reincarnation as linked, through the idea of impartial judgment of the individual, to meritocracy and the examination system. I examine agnosticism and relativism in senses of life after death as linked to the idea that individual freedom of choice may exist in the next world if not necessarily within the constraints of this Japanese world. I examine disbelief in any realm beyond the gr...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This contribution is an informal essay based on a talk delivered at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) in Minneapolis, under the summer program in molecular biology, July 18-22, 1994. I exclude many technical details, which can be found elsewhere, and instead focus on the basic ideas of molecular dynamics simulations, with the goal of conveying to students and non-specialists the key concepts of the theory and practice of large-scale simulations. Following a description of the basic idea in molecular dynamics, I discuss some of the practical details involved in simulations of large biological molecules, the numerical timestep problem, and approaches to this problem based on implicit-integration techniques. I end with a perspective of open challenges in the field and directions for future research. 79 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Office of Energy Research was recently asked to perform a study of Large Scale Systems in order to facilitate the development of a true large systems theory. It was decided to ask experts in the fields of electrical engineering, chemical engineering and manufacturing/operations research for their ideas concerning large scale systems research. The author was asked to distribute a questionnaire among these experts to find out their opinions concerning recent accomplishments and future research directions in large scale systems research. He was also requested to convene a conference which included three experts in each area as panel members to discuss the general area of large scale systems research. The conference was held on March 26--27, 1984 in Pittsburgh with nine panel members, and 15 other attendees. The present report is a summary of the ideas presented and the recommendations proposed by the attendees.

CERN Document Server

This is the first of three planned papers describing ZAP, a satisfiability engine that substantially generalizes existing tools while retaining the performance characteristics of modern high-performance solvers. The fundamental idea underlying ZAP is that many problems passed to such engines contain rich internal structure that is obscured by the Boolean representation used; our goal is to define a representation in which this structure is apparent and can easily be exploited to improve computational performance. This paper is a survey of the work underlying ZAP, and discusses previous attempts to improve the performance of the Davis-Putnam-Logemann-Loveland algorithm by exploiting the structure of the problem being solved. We examine existing ideas including extensions of the Boolean language to allow cardinality constraints, pseudo-Boolean representations, symmetry, and a limited form of quantification. While this paper is intended as a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

How does one assure that both quality and creativity are obtained in basic research environments QA theoreticians have attempted to develop workable definitions of quality, but in more reflective moments, these definitions often fail to capture the deeper essence of the idea of quality.'' This paper asserts that creativity (as a product of the human mind) is a concrete interface between perfunctory definitions of quality (conformance to specifications) and more philosophical speculations about the nature of quality- related ultimates'' like elegance or beauty. In addition, we describe the distinction between creative ideas and creative acts and highlight one of the major inhibitors of creativity, fear. Finally we show that highly creative people often have an irreverent attitude toward boundaries and established authority, and discuss how one can allow for this when designing a QA program in a basic research ...

CERN Document Server

In this paper, we propose a bid optimizer for sponsored keyword search auctions which leads to better retention of advertisers by yielding attractive utilities to the advertisers without decreasing the revenue to the search engine. The bid optimizer is positioned as a key value added tool the search engine provides to the advertisers. The proposed bid optimizer algorithm transforms the reported values of the advertisers for a keyword into a correlated bid profile using many ideas from cooperative game theory. The algorithm is based on a characteristic form game involving the search engine and the advertisers. Ideas from Nash bargaining theory are used in formulating the characteristic form game to provide for a fair share of surplus among the players involved. The algorithm then computes the nucleolus of the characteristic form game since we find that the nucleolus is an apt way of allocating the gains of cooperation among the search engine and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A brief overview, from an experimentalist`s point of view, of the possibilities and difficulties involved in building a photon-photon collider using beams produced in Compton backscattering from a linear e{sup +}e{sup -} or e{sup -}e{sup -}collider. Some hindsight is included from the successful March 1994 Berkeley workshop on gamma-gamma colliders. (author). 13 refs., 2 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We analyze the O(N) symmetric #sigma#-model in four dimensions with and without external source in the large-N approximation. We show that tachyons appear in these models only if cut-off effects are neglected. Including these effects and incorporating the triviality of the #sigma#-model, we demonstrate that no tachyon pole exists. We discuss how our results affect recent ideas to circumvent the 'no-loose-corollary' for W_L W_L scattering. (orig.).

CERN Multimedia

Joanna Geary joined a Birmingham University team of scientists working on the project in Geneva. Simond Hadley took the pictures. "The most exciting thing of all" says professor Peter Watkins with a smile, "is we have absolutely no idea what will happen until we switch it on."

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The alumina industry is facing worldwide a growing disposal problem. Red mud creates increasingly technical, economic and environmental problems. Available solutions are reviewed and an old idea using a new approach with pressurized disc or drum filters for red mud is herewith presented and submitted for consideration as a potential and prospective solution to the problem.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Over the past two decades, quantum computing has become a popular and promising approach to trying to solve computationally difficult problems. Missing in many descriptions of quantum computing is just how probability enters into the process. Here, we discuss some simple examples of how uncertainty and probability enter, and how this and the ideas of quantum computing challenge our interpretations of quantum mechanics. It is found that this uncertainty can lead to intrinsic decoherence, and this raises challenges for error correction. (viewpoint)

Science.gov (United States)

This is an inquiry-based module created specifically for use with the PhET simulation Geometric Optics. It includes a lesson plan for teaching about convex lenses, step-by-step student directions, and a set of Power Point "clicker" questions for use as warm-up questions or informal assessment. This resource is part of a larger collection of interactive Java simulations for students of physics, developed by the Physics Education Technology project at the University of Colorado.

Science.gov (United States)

Traditionally, market researchers have sought some formula to predict the acceptance of a new product or innovation in advance of its introduction. Perhaps a universal marketing formula will never be found. However, a summary of 3000 research studies, conducted in the United States and in other countries of the world, on how people accept new ideas promises more insight into the subject of the marketing of passive design and products than ever before.

Wastenet

...] gueconwpa~05-05-05 How is Macro News Transmitted to Exchange Rates? (December 2003) by Martin D. D. Evans(Georgetown University and NBER) and Richard K. Lyons(U.C. Berkeley and NBER, Haas School of Business) [Downloadable!] gueconwpa~05-05-04 A New Micro Model of Exchange Rate Dynamics (March 2004) by Martin D. D. Evans(Georgetown University and ...

Wastenet

... (restricted)] 2009, Volume 39, Issue 5 523-529 Parents, peers, or school inputs: Which components of school outcomes are capitalized into house value? by Brasington, David M. & Haurin, Donald R. [Downloadable! (restricted)] 530-541 Trade liberalisation and agglomeration with firm heterogeneity: Forward and backward linkages by Okubo, Toshihiro [Downloadable! (restricted)] 542-552 Alternative measures of homeownership gaps across segregated ...

Wastenet

...Older Siblings by Adriaan R Soetevent & Peter Kooreman 392-415 Vocational Training and Gender: Wages and Occupational Mobility among Young Workers by Bernd Fitzenberger & Astrid Kunze 416-438 Gender Role Attitudes and the Labour-market Outcomes of Women across OECD Countries by Nicole M Fortin 439-461 Gender, Time Use, and Public Policy over ...

Wastenet

... (restricted)] 101-127 On the transmission of exchange rate fluctuations to the macroeconomy: Contrasting evidence for developing and developed countries by Magda Kandil [Downloadable! (restricted)] 2005, Volume 14, Issue 4 377-405 Predicting the poverty impacts of trade reform by Thomas Hertel & Jeffrey Reimer [Downloadable! (restricted)] 407-435 Sustaining imperfectly credible trade liberalization: Do the rate of tariff reduction ...

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... (restricted)] 98-118 Oil prices and competitiveness: time series evidence from six oil-producing countries by Mohammad R. Jahan-Parvar & Hassan Mohammadi [Downloadable! (restricted)] 2008, Volume 35, Issue 6 444-485 The S-shaped labor supply schedule: evidence from industrialized countries by Maryke ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The philosophy of work management in radiation protection puts emphasis on the following up and management of overall process from work selection, planning, preparation, implementation till experience feedback, and overall optimization of production and safety management. This paper reports practices and experiences of Daya Bay nuclear power plant in the implementation of the philosophy during operational radiation protection through the practical examples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Several recently introduced 'new' techniques in computed tomography - iterative reconstruction, gated cardiac CT, multiple-source, and dual-energy CT - actually date back to the early days of CT. We review the historic origins and evolution of these techniques, which may provide some insight into the latest innovations in commercial CT systems. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The 3-dimensional (3D) extension C5G7 MOX benchmark problems were solved by CHAPLET-3D code which is based on the idea of dynamic linkage of the multi-plane method of characteristics solutions. The benchmark results are quite accurate in comparison with the reference solutions, independently of the axial solver incorporated in the CHAPLET-3D code. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The presentation gives a brief insight on possibility of using the VEERA facility in studying the stratification phenomenon. The idea for such experiments is to use the facility upper plenum part to simulate the conditions in upper part of horizontal steam generator hot collector. The upper part of steam generator hot collector is one of the locations where the stratification can take part during natural circulation mode. 4 refs.

CERN Document Server

We systematically develop real Paley-Wiener theory for the Fourier transform on R^d for Schwartz functions, L^p-functions and distributions, in an elementary treatment based on the inversion theorem. As an application, we show how versions of classical Paley-Wiener theorems can be derived from the real ones via an approach which does not involve domain shifting and which may be put to good use for other transforms of Fourier type as well. An explanation is also given why the easily applied classical Paley-Wiener theorems are unlikely to be able to yield information about the support of a function or distribution which is more precise than giving its convex hull, whereas real Paley-Wiener theorems can be used to reconstruct the support precisely, albeit at the cost of combinatorial complexity. We indicate a possible application of real Paley-Wiener theory to partial differential equations in this vein ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An advanced video system has been assembled from commercially available equipment to support the real-time neutron radiography facility established jointly by the University of Virginia Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics, and the Philip Morris Research Center. A schematic diagram of the equipment used for real-time neutron radiography is presented. To obtain quantitative density measurements with this system, several modifications of both hardware and image processing software were required. After implementation of these changes, the system was capable of determining material densities by measuring the degree of neutron attenuation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reliable facility of cyclotron-based real time neutron radiography system has been developed and applied to some industrial components. The equipment for neutron fluoroscopy is based on a sub-compact cyclotron and a LiF/ZnS (Ag) fluorescent screen viewed by a silicon intensifier target TV camera. The real time image is monitored on a CRT, recorded with a standard video recorder and processed by a digital image processor. The effectiveness of our real time neutron radiograph has been demonstrated to be applicable to not only the dynamic observation but also the magnifying and stereoscopic observation of fluoroscopic images. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In an ideal system the surface of the dish is perfectly parabolic (no contour flaws are present), and the sun rays fall on the dish surface parallel to the focal axis (no sun tracking flaws are present). These two conditions are not realizable in practice; in this case, the parabolic dish system is called real system. In this paper a procedure for analysing the flux distribution on the receiver internal surfaces is presented for a cavity receiver with a real parabolic dish collector. First, the theoretical principles are discussed. Then the effect of the inaccuracy in the collector and in the sun tracking on the insolation pattern is described using an example.

Science.gov (United States)

flow and changing scheulingparameters during real-time ..... illustrative purposes, only two minimum separation ..... Individual Flights and Air Traffic, AGARD. No. ...

Science.gov (United States)

and the estimated parameter covariance matrix is. 5. (25) where p in this case is the number of elements in the vector . The parameter standard errors, ?, ...

Science.gov (United States)

... kinematic model for the robots and designed ... theoretic approach for modeling mobile robot teamn formations". ... "UUV teams, control from a biological ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reliable facility of cyclotron-based real time neutron radiography system has been developed and applied to some industrial components. The equipment for neutron fluoroscopy is based on a sub-compact cyclotron and a LiF/ZnS (Ag) fluorescent screen viewed by a silicon intensifier target TV camera. The real time image is monitored on a CRT, recorded with a standard video recorder and processed by a digital image processor. The effectiveness of our real time neutron radiograph has been demonstrated to be applicable to not only the dynamic observation but also the magnifying and stereoscopic observation of fluoroscopic images.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) is silent on multiprocessor issues. It attempts not to preclude multiprocessor implementations but provides no direct support. Many areas of the RTSJ leave an implementation considerable freedom on how it provides the defined functionality. One such area is the asynchronous event handling (AEH) model. Events are fired and associated handlers are scheduled for execution in response; handlers have defined scheduling parameters and deadlines. The primary goal of the AEH model is to support a lightweight real-time concurrency model. Hence handlers, in general, do not have dedicated threads. Rather, the implementation is responsible for ensuring that all handlers meet their deadlines. Typically real-time threads are assigned to execute handlers by the...

Science.gov (United States)

this, however, was a real environmental threat since various drums containing jet fuel, Bunker C, diesel and other petroleum derivatives were on fire. The CAPECO...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Motivation: DNA sequences can be represented by sequences of four symbols, but it is often useful to convert the symbols into real or complex numbers for further analysis. Several mapping...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study looks for the presence of rational speculative bubbles in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) using unit-root, variance ratio, duration dependence and regime switching regression tests. The regime switching method provides weak evidence of speculative bubble behaviour in both the mortgage and hybrid REITs sectors even though traditional econometric bubble tests do not provide evidence of rational speculative bubbles in all REIT markets. Findings suggest that price movement in mortgage and hybrid REITs may be induced by bubble-like behaviour of investors. This behaviour may be traced to the real estate market bubble. Our results provide evidence that the real estate bubble that started in early 2000 was transmitted into securitized real estate markets. A regime switching model ...

Science.gov (United States)

Mar 1, 2011 ... Currently there is no compact, portable and real time neutron detector instrumentation available for use inside spacecraft or on planetary ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Feynman-#alpha# method was applied to measurement of reactivity and the ability of this method for a real-time reactivity monitoring system was assessed. In the experiment, all measured data by BF_3 detectors were stored in a multi-channel scaler controlled by a personal computer, and they were analyzed to obtain prompt neutron decay constant (#alpha#) and reactivity with consideration of dead time of detector. It was found that #alpha# could be obtained almost in a real-time even for both positive and negative reactivities by the present experimental technique. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We describe a global closed orbit feedback experiment, based upon a real time harmonic analysis of both the orbit movement and the correction magnetic fields. The feedback forces the coefficients of a few harmonics near the betatron tune to vanish, and significantly improves the global orbit stability. We present the results of the experiment in the UV ring using 4 detectors and 4 trims, in which maximum observed displacement was reduced by a factor of between 3 and 4. 4 refs., 3 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We describe the early stage of development of an engineering model portable, real-time neutron spectrometer. Several systems of two distinct detector types, a helium 3 gas filled proportional counter and a bulk silicon solid state detector, will be necessary to cover the energy range from thermal to 500 MeV. The advantages and disadvantages of using a moderator were investigated experimentally.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1 - Description of program or function: This program solves an eigenvalue problem zBx=Ax where A and B are real block tri-diagonal matrices. This eigenvalue problem is derived from a reduced set of linear resistive MHD equations which is often employed to study tokamak plasma stability problem. 2 - Method of solution: Both the determinant and inverse iteration methods are employed. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: The eigenvalue z must be real

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper shows a computerized system, that adopt a statistical methodology and simultaneous measurements of wind velocity and environment temperature, as an experiences at the power transmission lines with environmental monitoring systems. 9 figs., 16 refs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In clinical situations where a diagnostic real-time PCR assay is not sensitive enough, leading to low or falsely negative results, or where detection earlier in a disease progression would benefit the...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A LIXI (Light Intensifier X-ray Image) device has been employed in a real-time neutron radiography system. The LIXI is coupled to a video camera and the real-time images can be observed in a TV monitor, and processed in a computer. In order to get the real-time system operational, the neutron radiography facility installed at the IEA-R1 m nuclear research reactor of the IPEN-CNEN/S P has been optimized. The most important improvements were the neutron/gamma ratio, the effective energy of the neutron beam, decrease of the scattered radiation at the irradiation position, and the additional shielding of the video camera. Several one-frame as well as computer processed images are presented. The overall Modulation Transfer Function for the real-time system was obtained from the resolution parameter p = 0:44 +- 0:04 mm; the system sensitivity, evaluated for a Perspex step wedge, was determined and the average ...

CERN Document Server

The aim of this set of lectures is to review different avenues of electroweak symmetry breaking explored over the years. This constitutes a timely exercise as the world's largest and the highest energy particle accelerator, namely, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN near Geneva, is all set to start running whose primary mission is to unravel the mysteries of electroweak phase transition. In the beginning, we discuss the Standard Model Higgs mechanism. After that we review the Higgs sector of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Then we take up three relatively recent ideas: Little Higgs, Gauge-Higgs Unification, and Higgsless scenarios. For the latter three cases, we present the basic ideas and restrict our illustrations to some instructive toy models, as our intention is rather to provide an intuitive feel of the underlying dynamics than to get into an in-depth analysis of realistic scenarios. Wherever possible, we provide enough ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Firstly the so called 'conformal relativity' in the 6-dimensional conformal space is formulated. In particular the concept of dilatational degree of freedom - scale - is introduced. The special conformal transformations are interpreted as the transformations connecting dilatationally moving frames (and objects). The ideas, similar to those by Kaluza and Klein, can be applied to the conformal space to obtain a unification of gravitation and electromagnetism. Lastly the conformal symmetry is extended to imaginary scales and to negative scales. Particles having imaginary scales are shown to be tachyons, whilst particles with negative scales correspond to antiparticles. (Auth.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The online communicative environment is expected to revolutionize political discourse as it expands to cover underrepresented groups and ideas. In this platform, marginalized groups such as indigenous communities from the developing world can articulate claims, strategically mobilize and participate in the forms of meaning-making that constitute them. However, there is skepticism on the actual value of online spaces in effecting agency in an internet-mediated environment. Using James Scott's notion of 'hidden transcripts' and Andrew Feenberg's 'democratic rationalization of technology', the paper explores strategic approaches and historical, social, and political conditions embedded in the construction, negotiation, and transformation of indigenous online activist media. In-depth interview...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effect of high energy neutron irradiation (E > 1 MeV) on the superconducting transition temperature, Tsub(c), of the A-15 compound Mo_3Os is reported. Tsub(c) was found to decrease with increasing neutron dose, but at a rate considerably less than observed in other A-15 compounds composed of non-transition metals. The results lend support to the idea that the effect of ordering on Tsub(c) is smaller for A-15 compounds composed only of transition metals than those composed of transition and non-transition metals. (author).

Science.gov (United States)

A discussion of some of the difficulties with previous analyses of the resistivity of A-15 compounds is given. Precise high-temperature data on ..cap alpha..-particle- and electron-damaged Nb/sub 3/Ge and Nb/sub 3/Sn samples with different defect concentrations are presented here and analyzed in a simple way with use of a phenomenological model based on the idea that the ideal resistivity must approach some limiting value in the regime where the mean free path becomes comparable to the interatomic spacing.

CERN Document Server

We present numerical calculations for cesium and mercury to estimate the sensitivity of the scattering length to the variation of the fine structure constant alpha. The method used follows ideas Chin and Flambaum [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 230801 (2006)], where the sensitivity to the variation of the electron to proton mass ratio, beta, was considered. We demonstrate that for heavy systems, the sensitivity to variation of alpha is of the same order of magnitude as to variation of beta. Near narrow Feshbach resonances the enhancement of the sensitivity may exceed nine orders of magnitude.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morocco is among the world's leading countries in terms of total indigenous oil shale resources. Following the 1973 oil crisis, Morocco has been determined to develop its oil shale energy resources. In the subsequent years following the crisis, a tremendous number and variety of studies and research efforts have resulted in an enormous amount of data, covering geological, hydrogeological, mining, physical and chemical aspects of the two main deposits, Timahdit and Tarfaya. This article represents a tentative analysis of oil shale development in Morocco and offers a few ideas on where it might be heading. 1 fig., 2 photos.

CERN Document Server

Using an exactly soluble one-dimensional atomic model we explore the idea that the recently observed high-order nonlinearity in optical filaments is due to virtual transitions involving the continuum states. We show that the model's behavior is qualitatively comparable with the experimentally observed cross-over from self-focusing to de-focusing at high intensities, and only occurs at intensities which result in significant ionization. Based on these observations, we conjecture that this continuum electron nonlinear refraction exhibits strong memory effects, and most importantly, the change of its sign is effectively masked by the de-focusing due to free electrons.

Wastenet

... (restricted)] 251-260 Revisiting new variant famine: the case of Swaziland by Scott Naysmith & Alex Waal & Alan Whiteside [Downloadable! (restricted)] 261-269 Food prices and the HIV response: findings from rapid regional assessments in eastern and southern Africa in 2008[InlineMediaObject not available: see fulltext.][InlineMediaObject not available: see fulltext.] by Stuart Gillespie & Paul Jere & John Msuya & Scott Drimie [Downloadable! (restricted)] 271-289 Declining global per capita agricultural production and warming oceans ...

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... (restricted)] 255-269 Inefficiency of Logit-Based Stochastic User Equilibrium in a Traffic Network Under ATIS by Hai-Jun Huang & Tian-Liang Liu & Xiaolei ...Hub-catchment Areas, Existing Hubs, and Simulation: A Case Study of Serbian Intermodal Terminals by Milorad Vidovic & Slobodan Zecevic & Milorad Kilibarda ... (restricted)] 389-410 Stochastic Location-assignment on an Interval with Sequential Arrivals by Kannan Viswanath & James Ward [Downloadable! (restricted)] ... (restricted)] 193-208 Solving Stochastic Transportation Network Protection Problems Using the Progressive Hedging-based Method by Yueyue Fan & Changzheng Liu [Downloadable! (...

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... Bednarek & Rowena A. Pecchenino & Sally C. Stearns [Downloadable! (restricted)] 317-327 On the Existence and Uniqueness of Pure-Strategy Nash Equilibrium in Asymmetric Rent-Seeking Contests by Takeshi Yamazaki [Downloadable! (restricted)] 2008, Volume 10, Issue 1 1-5 The Journal of Public Economic Theory at Ten Years Old by John P. Conley & Myrna Wooders [Downloadable! (restricted)] 7-26 Strategy-Proofness and the Tops-Only Property by John A. Weymark [Downloadable! (restricted)]...

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... (restricted)] 406-419 E-auction in China: the case of Taobao by June Lu & Lu-Zhuang Wang & Chun-Sheng Yu [Downloadable! (restricted)] 420-441 The risks of business process outsourcing: a two-fold assessment in the German banking industry by Heiko Gewald & Jochen Franke [Downloadable! (restricted)] 442-459 Prediction of corporate financial health by Artificial Neural Network by Sumit Chakraborty & Sushil K. Sharma [Downloadable! (restricted)] 460-472 The development and performance evaluation of a Continuous Auditing Assistance System by ...

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...forest products export revenue: call for new strategies by Roda Jean-Marc & Ismariah Ahmad & Rohana Abd Rahman & Lim Hin Fui &...pattern: the cards have changed by Roda Jean-Marc & Rohana Abd Rahman & Ismariah Ahmad & Lim Hin Fui & Mohd Parid Mamat [...] 2010, Volume 2010, Issue 07 15 Decision-making and sampling size effect by Ismariah Ahmad & Rohana Abd Rahman & Roda Jean-Marc & Lim Hin ... by Roda Jean-Marc & Ahmad Fauzi Puasa & Lim Hin Fui & Rohana Abd Rahman & Ismariah Ahmad [Downloadable!]...

CERN Document Server

This largely expository paper first gives an introduction to Hilbert stability and its use in Gieseker's GIT construction of $\\overline{M}_g$. Then I review recent work in this area--variants for unpointed curves that arise in Hassett's log minimal model program, starting with Schubert's moduli space of pseudostable curves, and constructions for weighted pointed stable curves and for pointed stable maps due to Swinarski and to Baldwin and Swinarski respectively. The focus is on the steps at which new ideas are needed. Finally, I list open problems in the area, particularly some arising in the log minimal model program that seem inaccessible to current techniques.

Wastenet

...Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance Alberto Alesina & Eliana La Ferrara Alberto Alesina; Eliana La Ferrara This file is part of IDEAS, which ...Publisher info | Download info | Related research | StatisticsAuthor Info Alberto Alesina Eliana La Ferrara Additional information is available for the following registered author(s):...Alberto Alesina Eliana La Ferrara Abstract We survey and assess the literature on the positive and negative effects of ethnic diversity on economic policies ...research Keywords: Other versions of this item: Paper Alberto Alesina & Eliana La Ferrara, 2003. \\

CERN Document Server

Discrete Euclidian Spaces (DESs) are the beginning of a journey without return towards the discretization of mathematics. Important mathematical concepts- such as the idea of number or the systems of numeration, whose formal definition is currently independent of Euclidean spaces -have in the Isodimensional Discrete Mathematics (IDM) their roots in the DESs. This mathematics, which arises largely from the discretization of traditional mathematics, presents its foundations and concepts differently from the orthodox way, so at first glance it may seem that the IDM could be an exotic tool, or perhaps just "a simple curiosity." However, the IDM dis-crete approaches have a great theoretical repercussion on traditional mathematics.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract The creation of chirality on Earth and the development of chiral life have been discussed in this highlight. Convincing evidence for the introduction of chirality on Earth is still fragmentary. We believe that by a combination of chiral crystallization and formation of helical polymers with preferred chiral conformational structure is the key to this question. This concept of macromolecular asymmetry has inspired ideas and resulted in possible rules for how chiral life as we know it, could have been introduced. These investigations needed the understanding of the requirements for chiral crystallization, for the stereochemistry of the initial formation of helical polymers, the measurements of optical activity of solids and their coordination with the fundamentals of chirality. Spac...

CERN Document Server

We entertain the idea that a suitable background of cold (very low momentum) pseudoscalar particles or condensate, may trigger a background that effectively generates Lorentz-invariance violation. This aether-like background induces a Chern-Simons modification of QED. Physics is different in different frames and, in the rest frame of the pseudoscalar background, high momentum photons can decay into pairs. The threshold for such decay depends quadratically on the rest mass of the particles. This mechanism could explain in a natural way why antiprotons are absent in recent cosmic ray measurements. A similar signal could be used as a probe of pseudoscalar condensation in heavy ion collisions.

CERN Document Server

We present a method for the analysis of singularities of Feynman amplitudes based on the Speer sector decomposition of the Schwinger parametric integrals combined with the Mellin-Barnes transform. The sector decomposition method is described in some details. We suggest the idea of applying the method to the analysis of collinear singularities in inclusive QCD cross sections in the mass-less limit regularizing the forward amplitudes by an off-shell choice of the initial particle momenta. It is shown how the suggested strategy works in the well known case of the one loop corrections to Deep Inelastic Scattering.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Continuity and change in ancient Indian afterlife conceptions are discussed in a broad overview of the most relevant Vedic texts (the Rig Veda, the Krishna Yajur Veda, the Atharva Veda, the Shatapatha Brahmana, the Jaiminiya Brahmana and the Upanishads). Despite the introduction of (or re-emphasis on) certain ideas, such as reincarnation and moksha (liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth), there is also continuity of a core set of conceptions from the earliest texts to the latest. Return-from-death narratives are also found in each textual strand, and are discussed separately.

CERN Document Server

In a recent breakthrough work, Chatterjee proved a long standing conjecture that relates the transversal exponent \\xi and the fluctuation exponent \\chi in first-passage percolation on Z^d. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new and intuitive idea that replaces Chatterjee's main argument and gives an alternative proof of this relation. Specifically, we show that under the assumption that exponents (as defined by Chatterjee) exist, one has the relation \\chi \\leq 2\\xi -1. One advantage of our argument is that it does not require a `nearly Gamma' assumption on the edge-weight distribution.

CERN Document Server

The Belinskii, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz conjecture \\cite{bkl1} posits that on approach to a space-like singularity in general relativity the dynamics are well approximated by `ignoring spatial derivatives in favor of time derivatives.' In \\cite{ahs1} we examined this idea from within a Hamiltonian framework and provided a new formulation of the conjecture in terms of variables well suited to loop quantum gravity. We now present the details of the analytical part of that investigation. While our motivation came from quantum considerations, thanks to some of its new features, our formulation should be useful also for future analytical and numerical investigations within general relativity.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Real-time neutron powder diffraction and small-angle scattering techniques have been developed on the TOF diffractometer DN-2 at the IBR-2 pulsed reactor at JINR (Dubna) with a total flux on the sample of 10"7 neutrons cm"-"2s"-"1 and a resolution of about 1%. A special arrangement of the detector system ensures a high counting rate of diffracted neutrons. Depending upon sample type and experimental conditions, the measuring time t_s of one neutron pattern varies from a few minutes to several seconds. The performance of the diffractometer is discussed and typical data are shown to demonstrate current achievements using real-time techniques at a pulsed reactor. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Behaviour of tachyons in gravitational field has been investigated by using imaginary as well as real superluminal Lorentz transformations. Using real superluminal transformations in four- and six-dimensional space-time, an expression for the gravitational force acting on a tachyon, moving along the tachyon corridor constructed to follow the tachyon geodesic, has been derived. The motion of a tachyon through a black hole has also been discussed and it is shown that the black hole acts like a gravitational tunnel for tachyons and the transition between the regions inside and outside the horizon can be understood as real superluminal transformations transforming a R"4=(r,t) world into a T"4=(t,r) world. 36 refs.. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Results of ongoing research project at the McMaster Nuclear Reactor Facility on real-time neutron radiography for the visualization of interfacial geometry, movements and phase distributions in gas-liquid and gas-liquid-metal multi-phase flows are presented. Experiments were conducted with bubble column tubes with boiling liquid nitrogen, air-water and air-mercury mixtures. Discussions are also focused on air-water flowing within a tube containing a CANDU type 37 rod fuel bundle assembly positioned both horizontally and vertically. Computer processing using a digital image format to enhance the real-time images was used. Imaging techniques include frame averaging, background substraction, edge enhancement (spatial filtering), contrast enhancement and video densitometry. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper is concerned with the real time automatic discriminating of flaws from two categories; i. cracks (planar defect) and ii. Non-cracks (volumetric defect such as cluster porosity and slag) using pulse-echo ultrasound. The raw ultrasonic flaws signal were collected from a computerized robotic plane scanning system over the whole of each reflector as the primary source of data. The signal is then filtered and the analysis in both time and frequency domain were executed to obtain the selected feature. The real time feature analysis techniques measured the number of peaks, maximum index, pulse duration, rise time and fall time. The obtained features could be used to distinguish between quantitatively classified flaws by using various tools in artificial intelligence such as neural networks. The proposed algorithm and complete system were implemented in a computer software developed using Microsoft Visual BASIC 6.0 (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Real-time neutron radiography was demonstrated to be a viable and useful tool in studying water flow in unsaturated media. The experiment was designed to test the method for following water flow. The wetting front advance, water-flow patterns, and neutron attenuation density were observed in a 7.7-cm diameter sand column. The advance was fit with a simple i = A t/sup B/ equation yielding an excellent correlation. Theoretical calculations presented estimate the minimum and maximum detectable water content in various sizes of columns. The ability of real-time neutron radiography to allow both qualitative and quantitative spatial and time measurements to be made in an nonintrusive manner was demonstrated.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods is proposed for characterization of transuranic (TRU) waste stored at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex. These NDE methods include real-time x-ray radiography, real-time neutron radiography, x-ray and neutron computed tomography, thermal imaging, container weighing, visual examination, and acoustic measurements. An integrated NDE system is proposed for characterization and certification of TRU waste destined for eventual shipment to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico. Methods for automating both the classification waste and control of a complete nondestructive evaluation/nondestructive assay system are presented. Feasibility testing of the different NDE methods, including real-time x-ray radiography, and development of automated waste classification techniques are covered as part of a five year effort designed to yield a production waste characterization ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Visualization of a liquid metal flow and image processing methods to measure the vector field are carried out by real-time neutron radiography. The JRR-3M real-time thermal neutron radiography facility in the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute was used. Lead-bismuth eutectic was used as a working fluid. Particles made from a gold-cadmium intermetallic compound (AuCd_3) were used as the tracer for the visualization. The flow vector field was obtained by image processing methods. It was shown that the liquid metal flow vector field was obtainable by real-time neutron radiography when the attenuation of neutron rays due to the liquid metal was less than l/e and the particle size of the tracer was larger than one image element size digitized for the image processing. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes an electronic imaging system for producing real time neutron radiography from a low power research reactor, which will allow inspections of samples with high efficiency, in terms of measuring time and result analysis. This system has been implanted because of its potential use in various scientific and industrial areas where neutron radiography with photographic film could not be applied. This real time system is installed in neutron radiography facility of Argonauta nuclear research reactor, at the Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear of the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear, in Brazil. It is adequate to perform real time neutron radiography of static and dynamic events of samples.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Real-time neutron radiography (NTV) has been used for practical applications at the Kyoto University Reactor (KUR). At present, however, the direct image from the TV system is still poor in resolution and low in contrast. In this paper several image improvements are demonstrated, such as a frame summing technique, which are effective in increasing image quality in neutron radiography. Image integration before the A/D converter has a beneficial effect on image quality and the high quality image reveals details invisible in direct images, such as: small holes by a reversed image, defects in a neutron converter screen through a high quality image, a moving object in a contoured image, a slight difference between two low-contrast images by a subtraction technique, and so on. For the real-time application a contouring operation and an averaging approach can also be utilized effectively. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors have developed a high-sensitivity real-time neutron radiography (NR) system by the use of the low power reactor of Kinki University. The system was constructed with a high efficiency neutron-photon converter, an image intensifier and a SIT TELEVISION camera. Some digital image processing techniques were applied for improving the quality of the real-time neutron images. By the use of this system, dynamic neutron imaging was performed successfully under the condition of a weak neutron field that was about two orders of magnitude lower than that of the standard NR system. The neutron flux, calculated from the fluctuation of the neutron response of the images, was nearly equal to the value measured by the foil activation method. From this fact, the efficiency for the neutron detection of the imaging system was estimated to be almost 100%. For the purpose of developing a system with higher sensitivity, consideration of neutron statistics ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Purpose: The authors have developed a novel technique using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) to verify the geometrical accuracy of delivery of dose-rate-regulated tracking (DRRT)....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A new analysis is presented which links real volume fractions, relaxation rates, and intracompartmental exchange rates directly with apparent volume fractions and relaxation rates obtained from biexponential...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundPCR amplification for the detection of pathogens in biological material is generally considered a rapid and informative diagnostic technique. Invasive Salmonella...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The effect of reference signals on performance in a visual vigilance task was studied under three conditions. Reference signals were presented on the same display as the real signals. In condition 1 (control), no reference signals were displayed. Sugbject...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The problem on the ratio between the instability of physical systems and tachyons is discussed. It is shown that the tachyons participation in the real physical process of the system rearranging does not contradict any principles. It is noted that the tachyons constitute the most significant element of the systems, identifying the instability relative to the phase transition into the stable state.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Study was made on the city bus driven by the series hybrid system composed of a small ceramic gas turbine (100kW), generator and lead storage battery. Two driving modes were adopted, 10-driving mode and real driving mode assuming a certain bus route in Tokyo. The motor is driven mainly by generated power and additionally by battery power, however, the engine/generator system is controlled at an optimum operation point (driving mode and regenerating mode) with a maximum thermal efficiency considering depth of discharge. Design voltage of the battery had nearly no effect on fuel consumption, while its capacity as large as possible was desirable unless its weight has an adverse effect on the system. The real driving mode was lower in fuel consumption by 39% than the 10-driving mode. Since real fuel consumption is largely affected by recovery rate of regenerable energy, the operation point of the motor should be optimized ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectiveThis study assessed the relationship between multiple indicators of ‘real-world’ functioning and scores on a brief performance-based measure...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The University of Virginia's real-time neutron radiography facility was characterized by measurement of the total neutron flux, gold/cadmium ratio, neutron/gamma ratio, and the effective collimar length-to-aperture diameter (L/D) ratio. The real-time neutron imaging system and collimator were further characterized by measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the system. The collimator effectiveness was measured by using the MTF to determine the ''unparallelism'' of the neutron beam. The computer-based image processing system allowed rapid calculation of the MTF and the collimator effectiveness. The results of these measurements, using no collimator and a simple tube collimator, demonstrated the method's ability to determine the effective L/D ratio. The MTF measurement scheme provided a fast, reliable, and reproducible means of monitoring any changes in the real-time system, including both the neutron beam and the ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectivesWe have developed an image-guided surgery system based on invisible near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent light. Presently, the only clinically-available NIR...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe precision in carbon ion radiotherapy depends on the calibration of Hounsfield units (HU) as measured with computed tomography (CT) to water equivalence. This calibration...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We have developed and validated a microporous poly(ethylene terephthalate) membrane-based indirect co-culture system for human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) propagation, which allows real-time...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The experiments at the incinerator for low-level wastes processing, (containing transuranium radionuclides) are described. Air decontamination factors and detector readings correction factors for efficiency and absorption are indicated.

Science.gov (United States)

REAL ENGINE FLOW SIMULATION. 4 C D - 8 5 - 1 6 9 6 4. FIGURE 2. - COMPLEX FLOW PHENOMENA IN A TURBINE PASSAGE,. SEE TABLE I FOR DESCRIPTION OF NUMBERED FLOW ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There exist certain systems which generate real-time data at high bandwidth, but do not necessarily require the long-term retention of that data in normal conditions. In some cases, the data may not actually be useful, and in others, there may be too much data to permanently retain in long-term storage whether it is useful or not. However, certain portions of the data may be identified as being vitally important from time to time, and must therefore be retained for further analysis or permanent storage without interrupting the ongoing collection of new data. We have developed a system, Mahanaxar, intended to address this problem. It provides quality of service guarantees for incoming real-time data streams and simultaneous access to already-recorded data on a best-effort basis utilizing any spare bandwidth. It has built in mechanisms for reliability and indexing, can scale upwards to meet increasing bandwidth requirements, and handles both ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In neutron radiography, as in other forms of NDE, it is sometimes desirable to observe dynamic events. This need has generated increased interest in real-time neutron radiography systems. As in other forms of radiography, a standard method for measuring the image forming capability of real-time systems is necessary in order to compare the various methods and systems used. A technique which has been used extensively in general photography and has been applied in the characterization of several screen-film combinations used in conventional neutron radiography is to determine the imaging system's modulation transfer function (MTF). This gives a graphical representation of the system's spatial resolution capabilities and was therefore chosen as the method for evaluation of the real-time neutron radiography facility at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR). The method used was to image a knife-edge, differentiate ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are increasingly prevalent worldwide among Escherichia coli bacteria, mostly in community-acquired urinary tract infections. Finding...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

To analyse the binding of sugar chains to proteins, viruses and cells, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique is very convenient and effective because it is a real-time, non-destructive detection...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The growing use of coal for heating and electric power generation and diesel engines in light duty motor vehicles will increase not only the existing atmospheric concentrations of criteria pollutants...Full Text Available

ScienceCinema

...of global warming ? ...coal has created a global warming of temperatures ...that global warming is real and that we have changed the world ...the global warming possibly ten degrees that have ? ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1982. p. 4.3-4.6. Israel Eisen, Y. Engler, G. Ovadia, E. Shamai, Y. Israel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Real-time mission-oriented embedded systems are much more difficult to design than ordinary software systems. They require highly reliable and efficient implementations to satisfy mission and time constraints imposed by the applications. The Ada language was designed to facilitate real-time-system software development. However, for many programmers the size and complexity of Ada itself are of concern. In the assertive programming paradigm, computations are specified as sets of assertions about properties of the solution, and not as a sequence of procedural steps. Solving procedures are automatically generated from the assertive description. Real-time programming for mission-oriented systems is supported by equational languages in which assertions are expressed as algebraic equations. Programs written in equational languages are concise, free from implementation details, and easily amenable to verification and parallel ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophs, known to play an important role in ecological processes. Conventional light microscopy is the most common method used to detect their presence...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... LC Cgraphic AncIy.;:i3 of Plasmia Flows;" Dept. of Aero-Astro, Enga., The Ohio S~ate Uni vevsity; ASI) TIch. DocutuutaL.'y lRepL. ...

ScienceCinema

...march and my hope is that global warming because i believe it is real and i believe we have ...global warming ...system of energy which does not produce the global warming guess they should be here ? ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Two methods for computation of real, virtual and quasistationary energy eigenvalues are considered: summation of divergent perturbation series, solution of integral equations for t matrix on physical and nonphysical sheets of energy. The results of energy computation for s-, p- and d-states in potentials of a screened Coulomb type are presented. It is shown on an example of the Yukawa potential that the energy eigenvalues given by both these methods coincide with high precision. As an illustration the positions of real (deuteron) and virtual (singlet deuteron) poles of the np-scattering amplitude are calculated. For Yukawa type potentials the new theorem of symmetry for bound and virtual levels is discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The study of the dynamics of lubricants and mechanical components encased in metal enclosures is important to many industries. Of particular importance is the flow characteristics of oils or similar lubricants within the metal enclosure during operation of the device. The purpose of this summary is to report on the design and successful application of a real-time neutron radiography system to study the lubrication and design of the piston and seal of a gas spring. In addition, the application of this technique to a wider range of similar problems using the pulse capability of the TRIGA reactor is described.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We study an analytical solution to the Einstein's equations in 2 + 1-dimensions. The space-time is dynamical and has a line symmetry. The matter content is a minimally coupled, massless, scalar field. Depending on the value of certain parameters, this solution represents three distinct space-times. The first one is at space-time. Then, we have a big bang model with a negative curvature scalar and a real scalar field. The last case is a big bang model with event horizons where the curvature scalar vanishes and the scalar field changes from real to purely imaginary. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper discusses the stationary neutron radiography system (SNRS) with respect to the component positioning systems (CPSs) and the rationale behind their design. As design work is on-going at science Applications International Corporation, this report gives a current update of progress. The SNRS has four separate radiography bays, Bays 1 through 4. The first three bays have automated positioning systems for real-time and near real-time neutron radiography of aircraft components. Bay 4 has been designed to accommodate components from the solid rocket booster, but will be used first for film radiography of pyrotechnic components.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phase transformations in TiD_#approx#_0_._7_5 subjected to high-pressure treatment were investigated by simultaneous real-time measurements of neutron diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering. The neutron spectra were taken on heating the samples in temperature ranges 100 to 300 K and 300 to 870 K. A sequence of structural transitions was observed, which involves 7 different phases and intermediate states with hcp, fcc, fco or bcc metal sublattices and hydrogen atoms. 30 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The first successful application of a new method to investigate phase transformations in real time, like the decomposition of austenite into bainite in grey iron, is described. During the ongoing transformation, transmission spectra of thermal neutrons, which contain Bragg edges corresponding to the crystal structure of the transforming phases, are recorded. By evaluating the height of these Bragg edges, which is a measure of the volume fraction of the phase, at different transformation times, the transformation can be followed in-situ in a time resolved manner. The method is compared to other previously used methods (micrographs, dilatometry, diffraction techniques); also a summary and an outlook are given. ((orig.)).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The doping of deuterated polyparaphenylene (C/sub 6/D/sub 4/)sub(n) with AsF/sub 5/ has been investigated by real time neutron diffractometry at 100, 400 and 820 mbar AsF/sub 5/ pressure. The reaction appears to be diffusion controlled. Evidence for one doped phase with partial crystalline order was obtained. Structural considerations suggest two polymer chains plus one dopant ''string'' as the repetitive unit.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) quantification of several vaginal bacterial groups in healthy women and patients developing asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis (BV) and candidiasis (CA) was performed. Statistical analysis revealed that the BV condition is characterised by a great variability among subjects and that it is associated with a significant increase of Prevotella, Atopobium, Veillonella and Gardnerella vaginalis, and a drop in Lactobacillus. On the contrary, the vaginal microflora of healthy women and patients developing CA was found to be homogeneous and stable over time.

CERN Document Server

The phase transition is a performance measure of the sparsity-undersampling tradeoff in compressed sensing (CS). This letter reports, for the first time, the existence of an exact phase transition for the $\\ell_1$ minimization approach to the complex valued CS problem. This discovery is not only a complementary result to the known phase transition of the real valued CS but also shows considerable superiority of the phase transition of complex valued CS over that of the real valued CS. The results are obtained by extending the recently developed ONE-L1 algorithms to complex valued CS and applying their optimal and iterative solutions to empirically evaluate the phase transition.

Science.gov (United States)

We explore autofluorescence endomicroscopy as a potential tool for real-time visualization of epithelial tissue microstructure and organization in a clinical setting. The design parameters are explored using two experimental systems--an Olympus Medical Systems Corp. stand-alone clinical prototype probe, and a custom built bench-top rigid fiber conduit prototype. Both systems entail ultraviolet excitation at 266 nm and/or 325 nm using compact laser sources. Preliminary results using ex vivo animal and human tissue specimens suggest that this technology can be translated toward in vivo application to address the need for real-time histology.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A methods is presented for an accurate numerical determination of eigenvalues of real symmetric para-p diagonal matrices. The method takes advantage of the band structure to break up the matrix into p x p blocks and performing algebraic operations including inversions on these blocks only, no matter what the size of the matrix is. The eigenvalues are determined independently one at a time. Thus any error in the determination of one eigenvalue does not affect the other eigenvalues. The method is ideally suited for the Schroedinger eigenvalue problem of the anharmonic potentials. (author).

CERN Document Server

System identification is a necessity in control theory. Classical control theory usually considers processes with integer order transfer functions. Real processes are usually of fractional order as opposed to the ideal integral order models. A simple and elegant scheme is presented for approximation of such a real world fractional order process by an ideal integral order model. A population of integral order process models is generated and updated by PSO technique, the fitness function being the sum of squared deviations from the set of observations obtained from the actual fractional order process. Results show that the proposed scheme offers a high degree of accuracy.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Differential cross sections have been measured for the elastic and inelastic scattering of 104 MeV alpha-particles from /sup 90/,/sup 92/Zr. The experimental data are analyzed in terms of coupled channels on the basis of a flexible anharmonic vibrator model and using different parametrizations of the radial shape of the extended optical potential. The results favour the squared Saxon-Woods type for the real part. Additionally to a radial momentum analysis of the real potentials a semimicroscopic folding model has been invoked for extracting isoscalar quadrupole and hexadecapole transition rates.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A lot of effort has been made to spread the application of RTOS in embedded system development in China. RTOS, #mu#C/OS and #mu#C/OS-II, with its opened source code, is well known in embedded systems. Learning RTOS, Using RTOS, becomes more and more popular. The Book of 'Micro C/OS-II The Real-Time Kennel Second Edition' was published in 2002. Here some new progress of the RTOS, especially the safety certifications, the reliability of software is introduced. (authors)

CERN Document Server

The observation that Type Ia supernovae are fainter than expected given their red shifts has led to the conclusion that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. The widely accepted hypothesis is that this acceleration is caused by a cosmological constant or, more generally, some dark energy field that pervades the universe. This hypothesis presents a challenge to physics so severe that one is motivated to explore alternative explanations. In this paper, we explore whether the data from Type Ia supernovae can be explained with an idea that is almost as old as that of the cosmological constant, namely, that the strength of gravity varies on a cosmic timescale. This topic is an ideal one for investigation by an undergraduate physics major because the entire chain of reasoning from models to data analysis is well within the mathematical and conceptual sophistication of a motivated undergraduate.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper is an introduction course in modelling turbulent thermohydraulics, aimed at computational fluid dynamics users. No specific knowledge other than the Navier Stokes equations is required beforehand. Chapter I (which those who are not beginners can skip) provides basic ideas on turbulence physics and is taken up in a textbook prepared by the teaching team of the ENPC (Benque, Viollet). Chapter II describes turbulent viscosity type modelling and the 2k-{epsilon} two equations model. It provides details of the channel flow case and the boundary conditions. Chapter III describes the `standard` (R{sub ij}-{epsilon}) Reynolds tensions transport model and introduces more recent models called `feasible`. A second paper deals with heat transfer and the effects of gravity, and returns to the Reynolds stress transport model. (author). 37 refs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper presents a prescriptive account of diagnostic problem solving, or diagnosis, in quality and process control. This paper identifies a general strategy, named branch-and-prune, whose manifestations can be found in disciplines such as medical diagnosis, troubleshooting of devices, and model-based diagnosis in artificial intelligence. The work aims to offer a clear conceptualization of this strategy, based on the notions of structures for the search space, and constraints to the cause's nature.The idea is to treat the search space of candidate explanations as a tree structure, in which general and high-level causal directions are branched into more specific and detailed explanations. Constraints eliminate all but a few branches (pruning), which are explored in more detail. We enumer...

CERN Document Server

RooStats is a project to create advanced statistical tools required for the analysis of LHC data, with emphasis on discoveries, confidence intervals, and combined measurements. The idea is to provide the major statistical techniques as a set of C++ classes with coherent interfaces, which can be used on arbitrary model and datasets in a common way. The classes are built on top of RooFit, which provides a very convenient functionality for modeling the probability density functions or the likelihood functions, required as inputs for any statistical technique. Furthermore, RooFit provides the functionality for easily creating models, for analysis combination and for digital publication of the likelihood function and the data. We will present in detail the design and the implementation of the different statistical methods of RooStats. These include various classes for interval estimation and for hypothesis test depending on different statistical techniques such as those ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Natural fractures and in situ stresses commonly dictate subsurface reservoir permeability and permeability anisotropy, as well as the effectiveness of stimulation techniques in low-permeability, natural gas reservoirs. This paper offers an initial prediction for the orientations of the fracture and stress systems in the tight gas reservoirs of the Frontier Formation, in the Green River basin of southwestern Wyoming. It builds on a previous report that addressed fractures and stresses in the western part of the basin and on ideas developed for the rest of the basin, using the principle that thrust faults are capable of affecting the stress magnitudes and orientations in little-deformed strata several hundreds of kilometers in front of a thrust. The prediction of subsurface stresses and natural fracture orientations is an undertaking that requires the willingness to revise models as definitive data are acquired during drilling. The predictions made in this paper are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper attempts to explain the peculiarities of the radial-distribution function of metal glasses without involving ideas of the amorphous structure. On a computer, the radial atomic density for a spherical eutectic single crystal of the composition Fe/sub 84/C/sub 16/ of radius 15 A formed by alternating small crystals of e-Fe and Fe/sub 3/C of cubic form with the edge of the cube ca 10 A. For the sake of clarity, the diagram of such a quasisingle crystal is shown and has been given a cubic boundary. The change in the relationship between the heights of the subpeaks of the second maximum of the radial distribution function of atoms in the Fe-B glasses with a change in the concentration of boron can be explained by the change in the space group of the Fe/sub 3/B metastable boride which is formed in this system.

CERN Document Server

In this paper, we discuss the large--time behavior of solution of a simple kinetic model of Boltzmann--Maxwell type, such that the temperature is time decreasing and/or time increasing. We show that, under the combined effects of the nonlinearity and of the time--monotonicity of the temperature, the kinetic model has non trivial quasi-stationary states with power law tails. In order to do this we consider a suitable asymptotic limit of the model yielding a Fokker-Planck equation for the distribution. The same idea is applied to investigate the large-time behavior of an elementary kinetic model of economy involving both exchanges between agents and increasing and/or decreasing of the mean wealth. In this last case, the large-time behavior of the solution shows a Pareto power law tail. Numerical results confirm the previous analysis.

CERN Document Server

Mining association rules is a popular and well researched method for discovering interesting relations between variables in large databases. A practical problem is that at medium to low support values often a large number of frequent itemsets and an even larger number of association rules are found in a database. A widely used approach is to gradually increase minimum support and minimum confidence or to filter the found rules using increasingly strict constraints on additional measures of interestingness until the set of rules found is reduced to a manageable size. In this paper we describe a different approach which is based on the idea to first define a set of ``interesting'' itemsets (e.g., by a mixture of mining and expert knowledge) and then, in a second step to selectively generate rules for only these itemsets. The main advantage of this approach over increasing thresholds or filtering rules is that the number of rules found is significantly reduced while ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

{sup N}ow this 'Big Bang' idea seemed to me to be unsatisfactory...for it is an irrational process that cannot be described in scientific terms.' With this rather derisory remark (or at least so intended) in a 1950 radio broadcast, Fred Hoyle named the theory that rivalled his steady-state theory. The Big Bang has subsequently become the dominant paradigm in attempts to understand our universe. It is also one of the dominant ways in which popular-science writing seeks to persuade people to part with their cash. Simon Singh has rapidly made a name for himself as one of the leading popularizers of science, with his previous books Fermat's Last Theorem and The Code Book bringing accessible science to a wide audience . Big Bang brings him to a much busier marketplace, where he must compete both with other science writers and with working scientists. (U.K.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One of the alternative ideas to solve the spent fuel issues, the partitioning and transmutation (P and T) technology has been developed for decades. Moreover, the concept of LILW production from P and T are proposed by Bowman. A PEACER (Proliferationresistant, Environmental-friendly Accident-tolerant, Continuable and Economical Reactor), based on pyrochemical process and Pb-Bi coolant transmutation reactor, has been conceptually designed to be able to convert all PWR spent fuel into low and intermediate level waste for near-surface disposal. In this study, the acceptance criteria for near-surface disposal facility is derived by the methodology for establishment of acceptance criteria. Then acceptable TRU decontamination factor (DF) and LLFP removal efficiency in order to meet acceptance criteria is evaluated.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This research proposes that the concept of emotional attachment, and specifically the independent constructs of psychological ownership and affective reaction, can help explain many of the endowment effect findings documented in the literature. We define these constructs and then test them across a set of nine studies in which we both replicate previous and generate new endowment effect findings, and then show that psychological ownership and affective reaction can mediate the effects. In doing so, we offer direct empirical support for the idea of emotional attachment as a driver of loss aversion while also providing practitioners and future endowment effect researchers with new insights about the psychological processes that underlie the endowment effect.

Science.gov (United States)

Common forms of testing of student understanding of science content can be misleading about their understanding of the nature of scientific thinking. Observational astronomy integrated with related ideas of force and motion is a rich context to explore the correlation between student content knowledge and student understanding of the scientific thinking about that content. In this paper, we describe this correlation in detail with a focus on a question about the relative motion of the Sun and the Earth. We find that high achieving high school students throughout New York City struggle with what constitutes scientific justification and thought processes, but can improve these skills tremendously in an inquiry-oriented summer astronomy-physics program. (Contains 3 tables and 4 figures.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The decline of classical epistemology on unity-identity-totality shows it becomes more urgent to leave formal conventionalism behind, and to use a new diverging language. Every scientist must feel the emotion of the beginner. Nevertheless, we must not have illusions. Pure observation does not exist. Moreover, there are no laws that can remove the asymmetries of a system. The knowledge and scientific practice free themselves from the obsession of clarity, of linearity and from the idea of evolution that follows and precedes through pre-determined ways and versions. What we need is a multiple, connected intellection that allows us to look at science and at the world without the distorting effect of ingenuous methodologies and classifications that, if on the one hand put us at our ease, on th...

Science.gov (United States)

Personal health information management (PHIM) refers to activities that support consumers' access, integration, organization, and use of their personal health information. We investigated PHIM in the health consumer population using a focus group and participatory design. In collaboration with health consumers, we identified PHIM activities and explored the design of new supportive technology. Our findings describe prominent PHIM activities such as monitoring and assessing health, as well as health-related decision making, planning, and action. We describe design principles our participants used during the participatory design of a PHIM tool. These include individual control, sharing, integration, security and flexibility. These findings provide new insights into emerging ideas in consumer health informatics research and technology design. Understanding health consumers' PHIM needs is an important step in creating technology to support these needs. PMID:17238322

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This issue of Carbon Market Perspectives on 'Pathways for implementing REDD+: Experience from carbon markets and communities' discusses the role of carbon markets in scaling up investments for REDD+ in developing countries. Nine articles authored by experienced negotiators on REDD+, carbon market actors, project developers and other leading experts share experiences and make suggestions on the key elements of a future international REDD+ regime: Architecture and underlying principles, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV), private-sector involvement, the rights of indigenous people and local communities, biodiversity conservation and environmental integrity. The articles are grouped under three main topics: the lessons of existing REDD+ projects; the future REDD+ regime and the role of carbon markets; and experiences and ideas about the involvement of indigenous people and local communities. (LN)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - The paper aims to outline the managerial challenges faced by the organizations interested in leveraging knowledge and creative talent embedded in online customers' communities to sustain innovation in b-2-c industries. Design/methodology/approach - Through a detailed case study analysis of a leading food producer who launched an online open collaborative platform to gather users' idea for new products the paper aims to highlight the transformational effort that firms have to make in order to leverage knowledge absorption from customers in the context of innovation. Findings - The paper suggests potential strategies for conventional companies to engage consumers in knowledge (co-creation) and collaborative innovation processes, formulating some hypothesis that could support an int...

CERN Document Server

We summarize and extend recent work on the theory of extrasolar giant planets (EGPs) and brown dwarfs, paying particular attention to Gliese 229 B, the albedos of EGPs, the compositions of substellar atmospheres, the connections with the giant planets in the solar system, cloud physics, and non-gray spectral synthesis. The role of condensates in altering the optical spectrum of Gliese 229 B is explored, as are the systematics of the reflection spectra from extrasolar giant planets near their primaries. In addition, we discuss the role of convection and disequilibrium chemistry in explaining the anomalous detection of CO in Gliese 229 B. Throughout, we highlight the distinctive chemistry that defines this new class of objects and set goals for future study.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The interaction between a lower hybrid wave and a fusion alpha particle displaces the alpha particle simultaneously in space and energy. This results in coupled diffusion. Diffusion of alphas down the density gradient could lead to their transferring energy to the wave. This could, in turn, put energy into current drive. Here we calculate numerical solutions for the alpha energy transfer and study a range of conditions that are favourable for wave amplification from alpha energy. We find that it is possible for fusion alpha particles to transfer a large fraction of their energy to the lower hybrid wave. The numerical calculation shows that the net energy transfer is not sensitive to the value of the diffusion coefficient over a wide range of practical values. An extension of this idea, the use of a lossy boundary to enhance the energy transfer, is investigated. This technique is shown to offer a large potential benefit. (Author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The interaction between a lower hybrid wave and a fusion alpha particle displaces the alpha particle simultaneously in space and energy. This results in coupled diffusion. Diffusion of alphas down the density gradient could lead to their transferring energy to the wave. This could, in turn, put energy into current drive. An initial analytic study was done by Fisch and Rax. Here the authors calculate numerical solutions for the alpha energy transfer and study a range of conditions that are favorable for wave amplification from alpha energy. They find that it is possible for fusion alpha particles to transfer a large fraction of their energy to the lower hybrid wave. The numerical calculation shows that the net energy transfer is not sensitive to the value of the diffusion coefficient over a wide range of practical values. An extension of this idea, the use of a lossy boundary to enhance the energy transfer, is investigated. This technique is shown to offer a large ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study examined the extent to which science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) students reported having had mentors of their own race and gender and the extent to which they have adopted the idea that matching by race and gender matters. The study also documented the effects of race and gender matching on three academic outcomes, self-reported grade point average, efficacy, and confidence, based on data collected from 1,013 undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral scholars actively participating in MentorNet's online community. Analyses indicated that having a mentor of one's own gender or race was felt to be important by many students, especially women and students of Color. Students who had a mentor of their own gender or race reported receiving more help, but matc...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This research report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a project that examined the feasibility of setting up 'MINERGIE' low-energy-consumption module standards for the production of heat in small residential buildings. The aims of the standards and the basic idea behind the MINERGIE-modules are discussed. The concepts of the modules for heat pumps and wood-fired heating systems and their combination with solar installations are examined, as are their areas of application. The requirements placed on the modules are listed. System concepts, including simple schematics for typical installations, are presented for wood-log, wood-chippings and pellets-fired systems as well as for ground-loop and air-water heat pump systems as well as their solar-aided counterparts. The results of cost-benefit analyses are presented and questions regarding system guarantee and liability are examined.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report discusses the development and demonstration of innovative combustion technologies that improve energy conservation and environmental practices in the US industrial sector. The report includes recommendations by industry on R&D needed to resolve current combustion-related problems. Both fundamental and applied R&D needs are presented. The report assesses combustion needs and suggests research ideas for seven major industries, which consume about 78% of all energy used by industry. Included are the glass, pulp and paper, refinery, steel, metal casting, chemicals, and aluminum industries. Information has been collected from manufacturers, industrial operators, trade organizations, and various funding organizations and has been supplemented with expertise at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to develop a list of suggested research and development needed for each of the seven industries.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hundreds of organic byproducts of chlorination are now known to occur in drinking water along with the trihalomethanes. About twenty of these appear to be found with sufficient frequency and in sufficient concentration to attract consideration for regulations. These include chloral hydrate, chloropicrin, a trichloropropanone, haloacetonitriles, and haloacetic acids. Trihalomethane concentrations do not serve as good predictors of concentrations of these other byproducts because their conditions of formation vary widely. This is especially true when pH is changed. Treatment strategies for control of these byproducts including the trihalomethanes are: Remove the compounds after they are formed; Remove precursors; and Use other disinfectants. Current evidence supports the idea that precursor removal processes effective for trihalomethane control may be effective for the other byproducts as well.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper, we show how to improve and extend the integration by fractional expansion technique (IBFE) by applying it to certain families of scalar massive Feynman diagrams. The strategy is based on combining this method together with the integration by parts technique. In particular, we want to calculate certain Feynman diagrams which have a triangle loop as a subgraph. The main idea is to use the integration by parts technique in this subgraph in order to simplify the topology of the original diagram in which it is immersed, using then, in a second step, the IBFE technique. The result we have obtained, after the application of both techniques, represents a simplification in the complexity of the solution, compared with having used only the IBFE technique.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

ABSTRACT Introduction. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of physiological and pharmacological mechanisms of human sexual functioning through preclinical research in animal models. Aim. To provide an evidence-based documentation of the experimental models evaluating male and female sexual function for useful clinical translation. Methods. Consensus discussion over the past 18 months leading to summarized views of seven experts from six countries. Main Outcome Measure. Report was based on the critical analysis of scientific information available in literature and subcommittee presentations, discussions, and exchanges of ideas and feedback. Results. Fundamental research in animal models has led to considerable understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying desi...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of thermal energy in the West German sugar industry has fallen by nearly half in the last twenty years. At the same time, automation and new technologies have led to an increase in the consumption of electric energy. In many cases, the equilibrium of combined heat and power has been upset. That equilibrium is, however, a fundamental precondition of the economical energy management of a sugar factory. Electrical engineers and sugar technologists have looked at the situation in the sugar industry form different points of view and have presented interesting ideas - in some instances already put into practice - to solve the problem. Examination of the electricity consumption of alternative processes, systems and pieces of equipment used in sugar manufacturing, from the beet yard to the sugar house, has revealed marked differences and considerable potential savings. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

During fluoroscopy the examiner is usually protected by a radiation-reducing body shield, leaving the thyroid unprotected. The fact that the thyroid is located in a region of the neck usually covered by the shirt collar led to the idea of designing a tie with lead core, providing easy and ''decorative'' reduction of the radiation dose. Sonographic examinations were carried out in 20 volunteers (10 men, 10 women) to determine the size of the gland and its coverage by such a tie. The reduction of the surface and organ dose was assessed using film dosimetry with scattered radiation, the body of the examiner being simulated by an Alderson phantom. On average 88% of the thyroid gland surface area was covered. Surface dose was reduced to 1%, and organ dose to 10% of the value without the protection tie. (Author).

CERN Document Server

In order to alleviate the inefficiencies caused by the interaction of the logic and functional sides, integrated languages may take advantage of \\emph{demand} information -- i.e. knowing in advance which computations are needed and, to which extent, in a particular context. This work studies \\emph{demand analysis} -- which is closely related to \\emph{backwards strictness analysis} -- in a semantic framework of \\emph{partial predicates}, which in turn are constructive realizations of ideals in a domain. This will allow us to give a concise, unified presentation of demand analysis, to relate it to other analyses based on abstract interpretation or strictness logics, some hints for the implementation, and, more important, to prove the soundness of our analysis based on \\emph{demand equations}. There are also some innovative results. One of them is that a set constraint-based analysis has been derived in a stepwise manner using ideas taken from the area of program ...

Science.gov (United States)

This article reports research findings related to converging formats, media, practices, and ideas in the process of academics' interaction with electronic texts during a research project. The findings are part of the results of a study that explored interactions of scholars in literary and historical studies with electronic texts as primary materials. Electronic texts were perceived by the study participants as fluid entities because the electronic environment promotes seamless interactions with a variety of media and formats. Working with electronic texts combines some traditional information and research practices into new patterns of information behavior. The practice called "netchaining" combines aspects of networking with information-seeking practices to establish and shape online information chains, which link sources and people. Different forms of exploration of participants' research questions were enabled by interactions with electronic texts.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The need to increase efficiency of volumetric receivers for use in solar power plants by reducing reradiation losses and increasing the ``volumetric effect`` has promoted the idea of a receiver with tapered ducts. These seems to be very promising since higher efficiency and considerable saving of material can be achieved, as compared to conventional receivers perforated with ducts of constant cross-section. A finite element program is being developed to calculate stationary heat transfer in the tapered ducts by free and forced convection in the gas flow, conduction in walls and in the gas, and solar and thermal radiation. Gas and wall temperatures are considered to be varying only in the flow direction. In order to perform the highly nonlinear calculations of radiative exchange, the exact knowledge of the view factors is necessary. The aim of the present work is to evaluate analytically the view factors in tapered ducts.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An anthropologist shares with the ?SNA and data mining community? his own anthropological perspective framed during more than five decades of network thinking about a broad range of anthropological problems. For 50?years he has viewed all people, things, and ideas in dynamic relationships. That perspective is a network perspective and at the same time anthropological, combining ethnographic, historical, holistic, and comparative views. It is valuable and beneficial to the community of scholars who use network analysis to try to understand what is going on, what went on before, and what the future prospects are. As an anthropologist, his interest is more in the wholes generated by network linkages?systems of households, bands, lineages, communities, corporations, governments?than in the ind...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An idea whose time has come takes center stage in London this week when BP Chemicals announces details of a consortium of chemical companies joining it in a new recycling project. In the project, which BP has been working on since 1989, waste plastic will be depolymerized to chemical feedstocks, via technology variously called feedstock or chemical recycling, polymer cracking, or tertiary recycling. BP's effort is one of the first to emerge from the research and pilot-plant stages that are committed to actual feedstock recycling of mixed polyolefins and other plastics. But it is only one of the many industry efforts under way to cope with the job of dealing with postconsumer plastics.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many of today's automated real-time testing systems for embedded systems were developed using expensive custom hardware and software. In this article they describe how to use commercially available off-the-shelf hardware and software to design and develop an automated real-time test systems for Embedded Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Based Control Systems. The system development began with the implementation of the VALI/TEST Pro testing methodology as a means for structuring the testing. Using this methodology, they were able to decompose system requirement documents for a Personnel Safety System (PSS) into its high, intermediate and detail level requirements. next, the validation procedures for the PSS system were decomposed into testing units called builds, test runs and test cases. To measure the PSS system's test coverage three levels of system requirements were mapped to their respective unit level of test using a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Recent efforts to identify methods of modeling pitting corrosion damage of high-level radioactive-waste containers are described. The need to develop models that can provide information useful to higher level system performance assessment models is emphasized, and examples of how this could be accomplished are described. Work to date has focused upon physically-based phenomenological stochastic models of pit initiation and growth. These models may provide a way to distill information from mechanistic theories in a way that provides the necessary information to the less detailed performance assessment models. Monte Carlo implementations of the stochastic theory have resulted in simulations that are, at least qualitatively, consistent with a wide variety of experimental data. The effects of environment on pitting corrosion have been included in the model using a set of simple phenomenological equations relating the parameters of the stochastic model to key environmental variables. The ...

Science.gov (United States)

Based on the view that major changes in the social and economic context in the United States require major policy changes related to early childhood education, this paper examines the factors supporting public policy changes and how advocates for change in early childhood education might incorporate effective strategies. The paper is presented in two parts. Part 1 reviews the research on state policy settings and the factors that tend to support policy change. This part focuses attention on the ways that state policymakers appear to learn from what is going on elsewhere and incorporate new ideas into their policy agendas. Several strategic implications for advocates of policy change are presented, such as brainstorming a list of potential obstacles to the introduction of a policy innovation or shaping the debate so the public will support change. Part 2 of the paper takes these general strategic implications and considers their relevance to efforts to achieve ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

There is no possibility to check any inner part at real welded joint at nuclear power station (NPS) during operation because any destructive test cannot be used. In practice there is checked surface of weld. There are used four methodical instructions for the check of real welds: 1. The visual inspection, 2. The measurement of hardness, 3. The chemical composition checking and 4. The microstructure replica analysis. It is necessary to know how these information of weld surface are in accordance with characteristics of inner parts of weld. If there is not any difference between surface weld microstructure and internal weld microstructure of experimental weld it is supposed to that there is not any difference in other measured properties of welds. If is changed structural characteristics of microstructure, it is changed also hardness, chemical analysis etc. It was observed that the microstructure of real welds is almost the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

SAFT-UT technology is shown to provide significant enhancements to the inspection of materials used in US nuclear power plants. This report provides guidelines for the implementation of SAFT-UT technology and shows the results from its application. An overview of the development of SAFT-UT is provided so that the reader may become familiar with the technology. Then the basic fundamentals are presented with an extensive list of references. A comprehensive operating procedure, which is used in conjunction with the SAFT-UT field system developed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), provides the recipe for both SAFT data acquisition and analysis. The specification for the hardware implementation is provided for the SAFT-UT system along with a description of the subsequent developments and improvements. One development of technical interest is the SAFT real time processor. Performance of the real-time processor is impressive and comparison is made ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The influence of the velocity profile at the inlet boundary on the simulation of air velocity distribution inside an electrostatic precipitator is presented in this study. Measurements and simulations were performed in a duct and an electrostatic precipitator (ESP). A four-hole cobra probe was used for the measurement of velocity distribution. The flow simulation was performed by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT. Numerical calculations for the air flow were carried out by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the realizable k-{epsilon} turbulence model equations. Simulations were performed with two different velocity profiles at the inlet boundary - one with a uniform (ideal) velocity profile and the other with a non-uniform (real) velocity profile to demonstrate the effect of velocity inlet boundary condition on the flow simulation results inside an ESP. The real velocity profile was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The personal neutron dosimetry becomes more important with the increasing use of nuclear and accelerator facilities. The solid state track detector, film badge and thermo-luminescent dosimeter have widely been used as passive-type personal neutron dosimeters, but the real-time neutron dosimeter is strongly needed. A real time personal dosimeter which could give neutron dose equivalent over wide energy range from thermal to 10 odd MeV by using two neutron sensors has been developed by our group. For practical commercial product, some changes from these prototype sensors have recently been done by Fuji Electric Co. Ltd. The purpose of this work is the final performance test of the dosimeter just before sale. We checked again about the sensitivity in the monoenergetic neutron field from 8 keV to 15 MeV and in the neutron fields around a few accelerator facilities. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

New ICRH antennas on JET were designed to couple to the new JET divertor plasma configurations and to improve the Fast Wave Current Drive (FWCD) capabilities. The A2 antenna consists of 4 straps whose currents can be phased at arbitrary angles. The real time automatic tuning acts on frequency, line length (line phase shifters) and stub length. Provision is made for the coupling resistance/plasma position feedback to accommodate the fast changes in antenna loading. The first coupling, tuning and heating results are reported in 0{pi}0{pi}, 0000 and 00{pi}{pi} phasing. A new antenna model is described, which was developed to simulate the measured antenna loading in terms of plasma parameters and to provide a starting point for the real time automatic tuning. 5 refs., 4 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A comprehensive assessment on the eligibility of reduced activation (RA) steels as structural chamber material in Inertial Fusion Energy thick-liquid concepts is performed. As far as alloying elements, it is shown that the activation of tungsten is a question to discuss. Regarding impurity elements, it is analyzed if they could question the possibility of obtaining real RA steels for shallow land burial (SLB). The effect of the thickness of the liquid wall on the SLB response of alloying and impurity elements is computed. It seems that a reasonable liquid thickness of about 80 cm is allowable to obtain SLB acceptability of real RA steels. And above all, we have estimated the impact of cross section uncertainties when addressing the former questions, and we identify those to be improved. The necessary improvement of some tungsten and niobium cross sections is justified. (authors)

CERN Document Server

RFID technology is gaining adoption on an increasing scale for tracking and monitoring purposes. Wide deployments of RFID devices will soon generate an unprecedented volume of data. Emerging applications require the RFID data to be filtered and correlated for complex pattern detection and transformed to events that provide meaningful, actionable information to end applications. In this work, we design and develop SASE, a com-plex event processing system that performs such data-information transformation over real-time streams. We design a complex event language for specifying application logic for such transformation, devise new query processing techniques to effi-ciently implement the language, and develop a comprehensive system that collects, cleans, and processes RFID data for deliv-ery of relevant, timely information as well as storing necessary data for future querying. We demonstrate an initial prototype of SASE through a real-world ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A real-time orbit feedback system has been implemented at the Advanced Photon Source in order to meet the stringent orbit stability requirements. The system reduces global orbit motion below 30Hz by a factor of four to below 5{micro}m rms horizontally and 2{micro}m rms vertically. This paper focuses on dynamic orbit stability and describes the all-digital orbit feedback system that has been implemented at the APS. Implementation of the global orbit feedback system is described and its latest performance is presented. Ultimately, the system will provide local feedback at each x-ray source point using installed photon BPMs to measure x-ray beam position and angle directly. Technical challenges associated with local feedback and with dynamics of the associated corrector magnets are described. The unique diagnostic capabilities provided by the APS system are discussed with reference to their use in identifying sources of the underlying orbit motion.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Real-time neutron radiography (RTNR) is now proving to be a valuable research tool in the study of hydrogenous fluid flow. One of the most significant advantages of neutron radiography is the ability to image hydrogenous substances (such as lubricants, coolants, and fuels) inside metallic materials such as aluminum and titanium engines. By using RTNR, one can then study dynamic events such as the movement of liquids inside these solids. The Phoenix Memorial Laboratory (PML) at the University of Michigan has recently developed and installed a facility dedicated to RTNR. The work at PML has shown that RTNR of dynamic events can provide information enabling the researcher to follow dynamic events that were previously impossible or impractical. This paper will show the variety of uses of RTNR presently being pursued at PML.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A novel system for real-time radiation monitoring in reactor or accelerator facilities has been studied using an imaging plate. The authors made a feasibility study on a new neutron detection system using both photostimulated luminescence (PSL) and prompt luminescence (PL) generated in a neutron imaging plate (NIP) when the NIP is irradiated by neutrons. A readout system consisting of a semiconductor laser and a photomultiplier tube was fabricated for the purpose. It was confirmed that the system can measure both PSL and PL, where Am-Li was used as a neutron source. It may be possible to establish a new wide-range neutron monitoring system using the developed system as a PL mode normally, and as a PSL mode in case of intense neutron dose that cannot be measured in a PL mode because of saturation of the detection system. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

For neutron radiography (NR), photographic techniques have been mainly used for many years. To observe a dynamic event and to test many samples, the real-time neutron radiography (i.e. neutron television - NTV) system has been introduced at the E-2 experimental tube of the Kyoto University Research Reactor (KUR). The NTV system has been practically applied to penetrating the side plates containing boron burnable poison to test MTR type reactor fuel, to investigation of moving objects and to neutron computed tomography (NCT). New approaches using some advanced neutron converters, a high sensitive and resolution TV camera and a high performance image processing system are being undertaken for standard indicators, visualization on air-water two-phase flow, NCT and so on. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The thermal transformation of Al-base icosahedral phases was studied in-situ by real time neutron powder diffraction. Different compositions have been selected in order to vary the initial phase morphology and change the neutron scattering contrast between species. Alloys with low silicon and large aluminium contents produce first the orthorhombic O-Al_6Mn modification. In alloys with larger silicon content, the #alpha#-AlMnSi cubic phase appears soon after the beginning of the transformation but is still preceeded by O-Al_6Mn. Depending on compositions, the crystallization of the icosahedral phase is controlled either by the diffusion of Al through its interface with the residual fcc aluminium or that of Si within the bulk. The results are discussed in the light of current structural models. (author) 40 refs., 14 figs., 3 tabs.