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Self-filling and self-purging apparatus for detecting spontaneous radiation from substances in fluids

(accumulates & stores brine for disposal). Separator. (separates water from purge gases). ? Purge pump periodically vent ... Reactor Health. Sensor. ( verifies reactor is operating w/n limits) ... Waste and Hygiene Compartment ...

DISSOLUTION OF IRRADIATED MURR FUEL ASSEMBLIES EFFECT OF INCREASED PURGE RATE AND CATALYST CONCENTRATION ON THE BATCH SIZE

Disclosed herein is a radiation detector providing for the in situ automatic sampling of fluids containing substances emitting radiation, especially Cerenkov radiation. The detector permits sampling within well casings and is self-purging such that no additional provisions must be established for the storage and disposal of contaminated fluids.

1993-01-01

Adaptations of the Purge Water Management System for Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring at Savannah River Site, South Carolina (final)

Flowsheets for the dissolution of aluminum-clad spent nuclear fuel have been proposed using 0.002 M mercuric nitrate catalyst in 5 to 6 M nitric acid. Previous calculations for flammable gas control during the dissolution of spent nuclear fuel have been extended to cover a range of dissolver purge rates from 40 to 55 scfm. A range of dissolver solution volumes from 12000 to 15000 liters were considered for the large H-Canyon dissolver (6.4D). Depending on the purge rate, anywhere from four to six bundles of MURR fuel can be initially charged to the dissolver (6.4D). For successive charges where the dissolver solution already contains 0.002 M mercury catalyst and the dissolved aluminum from five bundles of MURR fuel, five to nine bundles of additional fuel can be charged depending on the purge rate and the dissolver solution volume. Similar calculations have been performed for the small H-Canyon dissolver (6.1D) for solution ...

2010-07-22

Nitric Oxide and Nitrous Oxide Production by Soybean and Winged Bean during the in Vivo Nitrate Reductase Assay ¹

To monitor the groundwater contamination and the effectiveness of remedial actions, over a thousand monitoring wells are in active operation (i.e., require quarterly or semi-annual sampling) at SRS. Most wells are expected to continue in operation for another 20 to 40 more years. Required sample volumes can range from a less than a liter to 10 liters. To support the long-term groundwater monitoring requirements of these wells, SRS actively seeks technologies that can maximize data acquisition and minimize costs. To meet this end, SRS has implemented the Purge Water Management System (PWMS). The key attributes of this system lie in its ability to reduce or eliminate the generation of purged groundwater, which is costly in terms of the time and management.

2004-02-10

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This study was conducted to determine by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) the identity and the quantity of volatile N products produced during the helium-purged in vivo...Full Text Available

1986-11-01

Nitric Oxide Emissions from Soybean Leaves during in Vivo Nitrate Reductase Assays ¹

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Recent work identified acetaldehyde oxime as the predominant product purged by inert gases from anaerobic in vivo nitrate reductase (NR) assays of soybean (Glycine max...Full Text Available

1987-09-01

Acetaldehyde Oxime, A Product Formed during the In Vivo Nitrate Reductase Assay of Soybean Leaves 1

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Evolution of nitrogen oxides (NO_(x), primarily as nitric oxide) from soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) leaves during purged in vivo nitrate reductase assays...Full Text Available

1984-09-01

Tritium diffusivity in crystal grain of Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} and tritium release behavior under several purge gas conditions

Tritium diffusivity in crystal grain of Li_2TiO_3 and tritium release behavior under several purge gas conditions

It has been reported by the present authors that behavior of tritium release from solid breeder grain is consisted of diffusion in grain, tritium transfer at surface layer and surface reactions on grain surface such as adsorption or isotope exchange reactions. Tritium release curves estimated using the tritium release model gave good agreement with observed tritium release curves from Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}, Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3} or LiAlO{sub 2}. Tritium release behavior from Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} under humid purge gas, dry purge gas and dry purge gas with hydrogen conditions is discussed in this study, tritium release curves using the release model that we proposed previously give a good agreements with experimental tritium release curves. Tritium effective diffusivity in the crystal grain of Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} is also estimated in this study using a curve-fitting method applied to the release curves obtained under the humid ...

2008-05-15

Tritium contamination and decontamination study on materials for ITER remote handling equipment

It has been reported by the present authors that behavior of tritium release from solid breeder grain is consisted of diffusion in grain, tritium transfer at surface layer and surface reactions on grain surface such as adsorption or isotope exchange reactions. Tritium release curves estimated using the tritium release model gave good agreement with observed tritium release curves from Li_4SiO_4, Li_2ZrO_3 or LiAlO_2. Tritium release behavior from Li_2TiO_3 under humid purge gas, dry purge gas and dry purge gas with hydrogen conditions is discussed in this study, tritium release curves using the release model that we proposed previously give a good agreements with experimental tritium release curves. Tritium effective diffusivity in the crystal grain of Li_2TiO_3 is also estimated in this study using a curve-fitting method applied to the release curves obtained under the humid purge gas condition. It is ...

2008-05-01

Tritium contamination and decontamination study on materials for ITER remote handling equipment

Several materials, lenses, dry bearings and cables were exposed to a tritiated moisture environment to study the behavior of tritium contamination on candidate materials for ITER remote handling equipment. To optimize the tritium removal procedure, decontamination experiments using a gas purge with three different moisture concentrations were also performed. The surface tritium concentrations of CeO{sub 2} containing alkaline barium glass (NB), CeO{sub 2} containing lead glass (LX) and synthetic quartz (Quartz) after the exposure experiments were 7.80, 10.94 and 0.67 Bq/cm{sup 2}, respectively. It was found that the tritium concentration was influenced by the compositions of the materials. The concentrations of tritium on type 831 (solid lubrication material: graphite) and type 237 (solid lubrication material: tungsten disulfate) dry bearings after the exposure experiments were 89.80 and 31.78 Bq/cm{sup 2}, respectively. The tritium concentration in an electric ...

2001-09-01

Tritium Release Behavior from Li_4SiO_4

Several materials, lenses, dry bearings and cables were exposed to a tritiated moisture environment to study the behavior of tritium contamination on candidate materials for ITER remote handling equipment. To optimize the tritium removal procedure, decontamination experiments using a gas purge with three different moisture concentrations were also performed. The surface tritium concentrations of CeO_2 containing alkaline barium glass (NB), CeO_2 containing lead glass (LX) and synthetic quartz (Quartz) after the exposure experiments were 7.80, 10.94 and 0.67 Bq/cm"2, respectively. It was found that the tritium concentration was influenced by the compositions of the materials. The concentrations of tritium on type 831 (solid lubrication material: graphite) and type 237 (solid lubrication material: tungsten disulfate) dry bearings after the exposure experiments were 89.80 and 31.78 Bq/cm"2, respectively. The tritium concentration in an electric cable tested was 5014 ...

2001-09-01

Evaluation of Capiox FX05 Oxygenator With an Integrated Arterial Filter on Trapping Gaseous Microemboli and Pressure Drop With Open and Closed Purge Line

This paper proposes a model to explain tritium release behavior of an irradiated Li_4SiO_4 sample made by Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. The release curves were obtained in a series of experiments carried out using out-pile temperature programmed desorption techniques in the Kyoto University Reactor (KUR). Tritium release curves obtained for different purge gas compositions (N_2, N_2 + H_2, N_2 + H_2O) were compared for selection of suitable conditions to determine the apparent diffusivity of tritium in a crystal grain of Li_4SiO_4.In the model formation, some mass transfer steps in the bulk of the crystal grain and those on the surface of the grain were taken into account, which were diffusion of tritium in the grain, adsorption and desorption of water on the surface of the grain, two types of isotope exchange reactions, and water formation reaction by the addition of hydrogen to the purge gas.Diffusivities of tritium in the crystal grain of ...

2004-12-01

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Gaseous microemboli (GME) remain a challenge for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) because there is a positive correlation between microemboli exposure during CPB and postoperative neurological injury. Thus, minimizing the number of GME delivered to pediatric patients undergoing CPB procedures would lead to better clinical outcomes. In this study, we used a simulated CPB model to evaluate the effectiveness of capturing GME and the degree of membrane pressure drop for a new membrane oxygenator, Capiox Baby FX05 (Terumo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), which has an integrated arterial filter with open and closed purge line. We used identical components in this study as our clinical CPB circuit. Three emboli detection and classification quantifier transducers were placed at prepump, preoxygena...

2010-01-01

Vortex control of safety enclosures

Evolution of nitrogen oxide(s) during in vivo nitrate reductase assay of soybean leaves

The vortex amplifier controller has no moving parts and therefore it can have extremely high reliability and avoid the maintenance problems associated with contaminated equipment. The vortex amplifier and its application to ventilation control of radioactive enclosures is described. Reverse purge vortex amplifier ventilation system control is also discussed. (U.K.).

100 Areas: (For Technical Progress Letter No. 97), May 7--13

Studies were conducted to quantitate the evolution of nitrogen oxides (NO/sub (x)/) from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) leaves during in vivo nitrate reductase (NR) assays with aerobic and anaerobic gas purging. Anaerobic gas purging (N/sub 2/ and argon) consistently resulted in greater NO/sub (x)/ evolution than did aerobic gas purging (air and O/sub 2/). The evolution of NO/sub (x)/ was dependent on gas flow rate and on NO/sub 2//sup -/ formation in the assay medium; although a threshold level of NO/sub 2//sup -/ appeared to exist beyond which the rate of NO/sub (x)/ evolution did not increase further. The loss of NO/sub (x)/ from in vivo NR assays under gas purging explains partially, but not stoichiometrically, the decrease of NO/sub 2//sup -/ accumulation in in vivo NR assay medium with young soybean leaves. The lack of stoichiometry between NO/sub (x)/ evolution and apparent NO/sub 2//sup -/ ...

1981-12-01

Evaluation of the Validity of Groundwater Samples Obtained Using the Purge Water Management System at SRS

Physics information for the D and F piles is presented. Thermal conductivity, reactivity, and irradiation levels are included. Concerning the cooling systems: process water control, pressure drip studies, purging studies, corrosion, and gun barrel clearance of expanded graphite are discussed. (GHH)

1946-05-17

Assessment and influence of operational parameters on the TiO_2 photocatalytic degradation of sodium benzene sulfonate under highly concentrated solar light illumination

As part of the demonstration testing of the Purge Water Management System (PWMS) technology at the Savannah River Site (SRS), four wells were equipped with PWMS units in 1997 and a series of sampling events were conducted at each during 1997-1998. Three of the wells were located in A/M Area while the fourth was located at the Old Radioactive Waste Burial Ground in the General Separations Area.The PWMS is a ''closed-loop'', non-contact, system used to collect and return purge water to the originating aquifer after a sampling event without having significantly altered the water quality. One of the primary concerns as to its applicability at SRS, and elsewhere, is whether the PWMS might resample groundwater that is returned to the aquifer during the previous sampling event. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare groundwater chemical analysis data collected at the four test wells using the PWMS ...

1999-04-27

Process for removing sulfur dioxide from gas streams

Sodium benzene sulfonate (BS) was decomposed in aqueous TiO_2 dispersions under highly concentrated solar light illumination to examine the photocatalytic characteristics of a parabolic round concentrator (PRC) reactor to degrade the pollutant without visible light absorption. The effects of such operational parameters as initial concentration, volume of the aqueous BS solution, oxygen purging, and TiO_2 loading on the kinetics of decomposition of BS were investigated. An effective photodegradation necessitates a suitable combination of initial volume and concentration of BS solution. Relative to atmospheric air, oxygen purging significantly accelerates the degradation process at high initial concentrations of BS (0.40 mM or 1.0 mM). Optimal TiO_2 loading was 9 gl "-"1, greater than previously reported. Elimination of TOC (total organic carbon) followed pseudo first-order kinetics in the initial stages of the photodegradation process. The ...

1 2

Instrumentation, controls and automation in the power industry. Volume 45

In the prevention of atmospheric pollution by sulfur dioxide emissions from acid absorbers in contact process sulfuric acid plants in which the unconverted SO/sub 2/ is accumulated by adsorption in a zeolite adsorbent bed and desorbed back into the acid production system, it is found that ambient moist air, after partial dehydration in an acid scrubber is suitably used both to cool down and hot purge desorb the zeolite beds. In addition the pure water derived from the ambient air is advantageously used in the acid-making system.

1976-10-26

Flue gas desulfurization wastewater treatment primer

Sessions covered economic and management, advance control technologies (including pulverized coal dynamic balancing-activator and control strategy by B. DeMarcy and X.Ollat), nuclear technologies, environmental (including purge considerations for seasonal SCR systems by D.P. Evely, NOx and heat rate supervisory control at NRG-Huntley operations by G Lange, comparison of gypsum dewatering technologies at flue gas desulfurization plants by B.A. Perlmutter, beta gauge particulate monitoring by J.L. Arnold), improving performance at nuclear power plants, network security, and emerging applications.

2002-07-01

Rapid detection of drugs in biofluids using atmospheric pressure chemi/chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Purge water from a typical wet flue gas desulfurization system contains myriad chemical constituents and heavy metals whose mixture is determined by the fuel source and combustion products as well as the stack gas treatment process. A well-designed water treatment system can tolerate upstream fuel and sorbent arranged in just the right order to produce wastewater acceptable for discharge. This article presents state-of-the-art technologies for treating the waste water that is generated by wet FGD systems. 11 figs., 3 tabs.

2009-03-15

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We have demonstrated that, with simple pH adjustment, volatile drugs such as methamphetamine, amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), ketamine, and valproic acid could be analyzed rapidly from raw biofluid samples (e.g. urine and serum) without dilution, or extraction, using atmospheric pressure ionization. The ion source was a variant type of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) that used a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to generate the metastable helium gas and reagent ions. The sample solution was loaded in a disposable glass pipette, and the volatile compounds were purged by nitrogen gas to be reacted with the metastable helium gas. The electrodes of the DBD were arranged in such a way that the generated glow discharge was confined within the discharge tub...

2009-01-01

Range-resolved gas concentration measurements using tunable semiconductor lasers

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A method for range-resolved gas sensing using path-integrated optical systems is presented. The method involves dividing an absorption path into several measurement segments and extracting the gas concentration in each segment from two path-integrated measurements. We implemented the method with tunable lasers (a 1389-nm VCSEL and a 10.9-?m pulsed quantum cascade laser) and a group of retro reflectors (RRs) distributed along absorption paths. Using a rotating mirror with the VCSEL configuration, we could scan a group of seven tape RRs spaced by 10?cm in ??9?ms to extract an H2O concentration profile. Reduced H2O concentrations were recorded in the segments purged with dry air. Hollow corner cube RRs were used in the quantum cascade laser configuration at distances up to 1.1?km from the las...

2008-01-01

Final ROI Report - Technology Transfer of Waste-Reducing Groundwater Sampling Systems

Investigation of the deposit formation in pipelines connecting liquefaction reactors; 1t/d PSU ni okeru ekika hanno tokan fuchakubutsu no seisei yoin ni kansuru ichikosatsu

This report presents the findings of a U.S. DOE Environmental Management technology transfer initiative of waste-reducing ground water sampling systems between Savannah River Site (SRS) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) which occurred during fiscal years 2001 and 2002. The report describes the collaboration between the two sites, the deployment of the Savannah River Site Purge Water Management System at LLNL, the changes made to that system for use at LLNL, and documents the return-on-investment derived from the system's use at LLNL as well as other benefits generated through this inter-laboratory collaboration. An evaluation of the deployment of the LLNL EasyPump sampling technology at SRS will be covered in a separate report from SRS.

2002-09-30

Water management studies in PEM fuel cells, Part I: Fuel cell design and in situ water distributions

The liquefaction reaction system of an NEDOL process coal liquefaction 1t/d PSU was opened and checked to investigate the cause of the rise of differential pressure between liquefaction reactors of the PSU. The liquefaction test at a coal concentration of 50 wt% using Tanito Harum coal was conducted, and it was found that the differential pressure between reactors was on the increase. By the two-phase flow pressure loss method, deposition thickness of deposit in pipelines was estimated at 4.4mm at the time of end operation, which agreed with a measuring value obtained from a {gamma} ray. The rise of differential pressure was caused by deposit formation in pipelines connecting reactors. The main component of the deposit is calcite (CaCO3 60-70%) and is the same as the usual one. It is also the same type as the deposit on the reactor wall. Ca in coal ash is concerned with this. To withdraw solid matters deposited in the reactor, there are installed pipelines for the withdrawal at the ...

1996-10-28

Effects of ionizing radiation on properties of monolayer and multilayer flexible food packaging materials

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) must maintain a balance between the hydration level required for efficient proton transfer and excess liquid water that can impede the flow of gases to the electrodes where the reactions take place. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the two-phase flow of liquid water combined with either the hydrogen (anode) or air (cathode) streams. In this paper, we describe the design of an in situ test apparatus that enables investigation of two-phase channel flow within PEMFCs, including the flow of water from the porous gas diffusion layer (GDL) into the channel gas flows; the flow of water within the bipolar plate channels themselves; and the dynamics of flow through multiple channels connected to common manifolds which maintain a uniform pressure differential across all possible flow paths. These two-phase flow effects have been studied at relatively low operating temperatures under steady-state conditions and during transient air ...

2009-05-15

Canadian upstream oil and gas industry fire and explosion incident analysis based on the investigative work of the IRP18 Committee working with the University of Calgary Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. Revision 1

Volatile compounds produced in flexible food packaging materials (LDPE, EVAc, PET/PE/EVOH/PE) during electron beam irradiation were isolated by purge and trap technique and identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), after thermal desorption and concentration. For comparison purposes non-irradiated films were also studied. Film samples were irradiated at low (5 kGy, corresponding to cold pasteurization), intermediate (20 kGy, corresponding to cold sterilization) and high (100 kGy) doses. It was observed that a number of volatile compounds are produced after irradiation in all cases. Furthermore the amounts of all volatile compounds increase with increasing irradiation dose. Both primary (methyl-derivatives etc.) as well as secondary i.e. oxidation products (ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, carboxylic acids etc.) are produced upon irradiation. These products may affect organoleptic properties and thus shelf-life of prepackaged irradiated foods. ...

1999-05-01

Ammonia synthesis and ER-MCFC-technology - a profitable combination?

This report presented an analysis of incidents gathered by the Canadian upstream oil and gas industry committee in relation to explosive atmospheres in wellbores, vessels, tanks, and piping systems. The aim of the report was to develop industry recommended practices for oil and gas industry fires and explosions. Two accident theory models were used to set out the relationships between hazards, defenses, and losses. Three levels of defenses were identified based on organizational, local workplace, and human factors. An organizational responsibility approach was used to examine the activities of key people with the system. Incidents were analyzed based on an expanded fire triangle used to identify fire and explosion hazards. The study showed that the ignition of hydrocarbons into the air was a factor in nearly 50 per cent of the incidents. A lack of understanding of liquid-hydrocarbon properties was demonstrated in incidents involving oxidized hydrocarbons. A lack of understanding was ...

2005-05-15

Summary of ACSL Simulations of the MSRE Auxiliary Charcoal Bed Vacuum System

Similar to stand-alone ER-MCFC power systems industrial ammonia production facilities include hydrogen-rich synthesis-gas production. Therefore, integration of ER-MCFC stacks in a conventional industrial ammonia plant was investigated. By preliminary process design calculations three promising process structures were evaluated: (1) ER-MCFC is fed by the ammonia plant`s steam-reformer; anode off-gas to firing (2) similar to structure 1; in this case the anode off-gas is redirected to the ammonia process (3) ER-MCFC is fed by ammonia-synthesis purge gas The results indicate that for options 1 and 3 a return-on-investment for the ER-MCFC of around 8% is achievable at a stack cost of $250/kW and a revenue of 7c/kWh. Option 2 is not profitable, because of the associated reduction in ammonia production. The degree of hydrogen-utilization in the ER-MCFC to be selected for maximum profit varies with the process structure and indicates that there is scope for ER-MCFC stacks ...

1996-12-31

Acid mine drainage and its impact in the Black Creek watershed, Virginia

The simulation of the Auxiliary Charcoal Bed (ACB) Vacuum System was performed to evaluate the original vacuum system design, detect and identify design deficiencies, investigate the effects of proposed corrections on system performance, and generally aid in refining the system design before construction and mockup testing. The simulation was performed by using the Advanced Continuous Simulation Language (ACSL). The vacuum system design goals are to provide approximately 20 SCFM of both booster gas and purge gas through the system and maintain a flow of approximately 40 SCFM with a velocity of 50 to 75 f/sec at the entrance to the cyclone separator. The model results showed that the original system design was incapable of meeting the system performance goals. Further simulations showed that the following modifications to the original vacuum system design were required to make the system performance acceptable; (1) Remove valve PCV4. (2) Modify the flow controllers ...

2000-10-26