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2010-01-01
Contents Stallion fertility has increasing importance as the artificial insemination is employed in horses more intensely. Molecular genetic markers may be useful tools to evaluate the stallion fertility before breeding. The prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) was chosen as a candidate for stallion fertility because of its influence on testicular and accessory sex gland function. Screening the equine PRLR gene for polymorphisms in Hanoverian stallions revealed two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Association and haplotype analyses were performed in 162 Hanoverian warmblood stallions for these intragenic SNPs using the least square means (LSM) of the pregnancy rate per oestrus for stallions and the paternal component and embryonic component of the breeding values (BV) of the pregnancy rat...
Whole-genome scan for guttural pouch tympany in Arabian and German warmblood horses
2009-01-01
Summary Equine guttural pouch tympany (GPT) is a hereditary disease in foals of several breeds, including thoroughbreds, Arabian, Quarter and warmblood horses. We performed a whole-genome scan for GPT in 143 horses from five Arabian and five German warmblood families and genotyped 257 microsatellites. Chromosome-wide significant linkage was detected on ECA2 and ECA15 using multipoint non-parametric linkage analyses. Analyses stratified by sex revealed chromosome-wide significant linkage on ECA2 for fillies and chromosome-wide significant linkage on ECA15 for colts. For Arabian colts, the quantitative trait locus (QTL) on ECA15 was genome-wide significant. Haplotypes including two to four microsatellites within the QTL on ECA2 and 15 in fillies and colts, respectively, were significantly as...
9 CFR 3.127 - Facilities, outdoor.
...Warmblooded Animals Other Than Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Hamsters, Guinea Pigs, Nonhuman Primates, and Marine Mammals Facilities...such as, but not limited to, cows, sheep, goats, pigs, horses (for regulated purposes), or donkeys,...
Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in warmblood horses with heart valve regurgitations
2007-01-01
ObjectivesThis study measured plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration in horses with heart valve regurgitations (HVR) with and without atrial and ventricular dilatation.BackgroundIn humans and small animals, plasma ANP concentration is increased in heart disease and correlates with the severity of clinical signs and heart enlargement.Animals, materials and methodsTen healthy horses (control) and 36 horses with HVR were evaluated by auscultation, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and determination of plasma ANP.ResultsControl horses demonstrated mean plasma ANP concentration of 21+-5.4pg/mL. Of the 36 horses with HVR, 17 horses possessed normal echocardiographic heart size (group 1), 10 horses had a left atrial dilatation (group 2) and 9 horses had both left atrial and ve...
2005-01-01
An echocardiography was performed on 23 healthy warmblood horses and on 12 warmblood horses with cardiac diseases at rest and after treadmill or lungeing exercise. The B-mode technique was used, and the left ventricular wall motion was analyzed visually. The left ventricle was divided into 6 equally sized myocardial segments, 3 of them in the region of the interventricular septum, and the other 3 in the region of the left ventricular rear wall ("6-segment model"). The kinetic of each segment was determined using a kinetic score system. A normokinetic wall motion was defined with a kinetic index of 1. To the authors knowledge, the current study is the first to present a visual qualitative method for assessment of the healthy equine heart with regard to the myocardial left ventricular wall m...
2010-01-01
The availability of a high-quality draft sequence of the horse makes known the physical location of microsatellites. The aim of the present study was to establish a highly polymorphic minimal screening set of microsatellite markers for horses (MSSH) annotated on the horse genome assembly EquCab2.0. We have used the previously reported linkage and radiation hybrid maps and have extended these marker sets by filling in gaps as noted from annotation on the horse sequence. This MSSH covers all autosomes and the X chromosome with 322 evenly spaced microsatellites whose positions were determined on the horse genome assembly (EquCab2.0). The average chromosomal distance among markers amounts to 7.44 Mb. The characteristics established for this microsatellite set were the number of alleles, the ob...
2009-01-01
Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), or heaves, is a naturally occurring asthma-like disease that is related to sensitisation and exposure to mouldy hay and has a familial basis with a complex mode of inheritance. A genome-wide scanning approach using two half-sibling families was taken in order to locate the chromosome regions that contribute to the inherited component of this condition in these families. Initially, a panel of 250 microsatellite markers, which were chosen as a well-spaced, polymorphic selection covering the 31 equine autosomes, was used to genotype the two half-sibling families, which comprised in total 239 Warmblood horses. Subsequently, supplementary markers were added for a total of 315 genotyped markers. Each half-sibling family is focused around a severely RAO-affecte...
Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) findings of acute desmopathy of the lateral collateral sesmoidean (navicular) ligament (CSL) in a 13-year-old Hanoverian mare are presented. On admission to the clinic the horse showed a grade 5/6 left front-limb lameness at the walk, pain on coffin joint manipulation, and coffin joint effusion. Despite a positive palmar digital nerve block, radiographs and ultrasonography did not indicate reasons for the severe clinical signs. However, MRI revealed damage to the CSL and bone marrow oedema of the navicular bone (NB), whereas a focal bone defect of the NB at the CSL insertion zone was demonstrated best by CT. The horse was managed with complete box rest and a fibreglass cast for four weeks followed by a controlled exercise program. Follow-up examination revealed no lameness at the trot three months later and the patient had fully recovered within six months.
2010-01-01
Four Icelandic (ICE) and four Danish Warmblood (DW) horses were used in a crossover study with two treatments to investigate the effect of breed and the effect of stage of maturity of haylage on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of a diet consisting of sugar beet pulp, black oats and haylage early or late cut. Fibre was analysed as crude fibre (CF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and dietary fibre (DF = non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) plus lignin). In haylage all analysed fibre fractions increased with advancing stage of maturity, with the cell wall components cellulose, non-cellulosic residue, xylose and lignin causing this increase. Crude protein (CP) and sugars decreased with advancing stage of maturity. Feeding early cut haylage resulte...
Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis after Intraosseous Perfusion with Gentamicin
2010-01-01
Objective: To describe and discuss previously unreported complications associated with intraosseous perfusion with gentamicin in horses. Study Design: Case report. Animals: Ten-year-old Warmblood gelding. Methods: Intraosseous perfusion with gentamicin into the proximal phalanx (P1) was used as part of the treatment regimen for distal interphalangeal joint and navicular bursa synovial sepsis. Although the sepsis responded favorably complications developed at the perfusion site, including persistent osteomyelitis, progressive osteonecrosis, and ultimately pathologic fracture of P1. Results: The progression of the clinical signs and findings at necropsy are suggestive of a toxic osteonecrosis secondary to intraosseous perfusion. Conclusions: Further work is needed to investigate the effects ...
2010-01-01
Based on cortisol release, a variety of situations to which domestic horses are exposed have been classified as stressors but studies on the stress during equestrian training are limited. In the present study, Warmblood stallions (n=9) and mares (n=7) were followed through a 9 respective 12-week initial training program in order to determine potentially stressful training steps. Salivary cortisol concentrations, beat-to-beat (RR) interval and heart rate variability (HRV) were determined. The HRV variables standard deviation of the RR interval (SDRR), RMSSD (root mean square of successive RR differences) and the geometric means standard deviation 1 (SD1) and 2 (SD2) were calculated. Nearly each training unit was associated with an increase in salivary cortisol concentrations (p
2010-01-01
There is a lack of scientific evidence for objective evaluation of neck and back musculoskeletal sensitivity in horses, although pressure algometry has been described as an objective tool to quantify musculoskeletal responses by mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) values. This study aimed to evaluate the use of pressure algometry for objectively quantifying the effect of diagnostic palpation applied by physiotherapists on the musculoskeletal function of the equine neck and back. The inter-examiner repeatability of animal physiotherapists was tested, and their subjective clinical scores for the vertebral column area were objectively compared with MNT values measured at the same locations to investigate the potential clinical implementation of the pressure algometer in daily equine rehabi...
2006-01-01
Objective of the study was to compare the gross and histological appearance of one lateral suspensory ligament branch treated using autologous mesenchymal stem cells with one untreated lateral suspensory ligament branch in the same horse. Case records of a horse previously treated for lateral suspensory ligament branch desmitis using autologous mesenchymal stem cells were reviewed; the suspensory ligaments were dissected and the gross and histological findings recorded. Ultrasonographically, grossly, and histologically the treated suspensory ligament branch showed evidence of improved healing and formation of ligament-like tissue compared to the untreated suspensory branch in the contralateral limb. The implantation of cultured autologous mesenchymal stem cells into core suspensory branch lesions resulted in the formation of a matrix organisationally similar to normal suspensory ligament. Publisher: Hippiatrika Verlag Mbh Coverage: 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z
2008-01-01
Abstract: Only 2/4 warm-blooded horses with inapparent stage of EIA showed thrombocytopenia (28, 85 G/l) and differential diagnosis with equine anaplasmosis should be done in Germany. The horses with inapparent form showed good body conditions, one-day fever until 40.5 C (3/4), few petechial hemorrhages in oral mucous membrane (1/4), mild anaemia (2/4) (6.5, 6.6 T/l), intravascular hemolysis (1/4) (2.34mol/l), but edema, anemic or icteric mucous membranes and hyperbilirubinemia were not found. 4/4 and 3/4 horses had high LDH (658 3300) and CK (484 1081) activities, 1/4 had high ASAT (751), GGT (14.9), GLDH (45 U/l), creatinine (230mol/l), hypoalbuminemia (22.7 g/l) and high BUN (2/4) (18.4, 6.9mmol/l). A 5years old pregnant mare imported from eastern Europe with chronic s...
INTERNAL CEREBRAL ""SET POINT'' TEMPERATURE MODEL IN WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS
THE POSSIBILITY OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS SERVING AS A HEAT REGULATOR FOR THE ENTIRE BODY IS ADDUCED FROM PHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE AND EXPERIMENTAL FACTORS. HOWEVER, IT IS VERY CLEAR THAT THIS IS A HYPOTHESIS AND NOT ...
... et al. 1979), the existence of 2n = 66 chromosomes in Przewalski's Horse identifies it as being ... in Mongolia and Takhin Tal had 11 (3.8). In China, the Wild Horse Breeding Centre (WHBC) ... ...
Investigations on the origin of two radiation-induced compounds in irradiated meat
1980-01-01
After irradiation with 0,5 Mrad or higher doses, a radiation-induced ninhydrin-positive compound was found in the muscle tissue of warm-blooded animals, In carp muscle another compound called X was formed. The origin of these two compounds was investigated. Irradiation of various amino acids and related compounds showed that substance Y is formed from the dipeptides carnosine and anserine, which are present in muscle tissue of warm-blooded animals in unusually high concentrations. In carp muscle containing relatively high levels of histidine, but only low concentrations of anserine as the only dipeptide, histidine furnished compound X. This compound was found to be relatively stable in acid medium. After acid hydrolysis of irradiated carnosine solutions and of extracts of irradiated muscle tissue from warm-blooded animals, compound Y was no longer observed, but ...
Stem cell research to benefit horse owners and trainers
2008-10-20
In a potential breakthrough for the performance horse industry (such as racing and polo), Melbourne scientists are aiming to harness stem cells to repair tendon, ligament, cartilage and bone damage in horses.
2007-02-07
The first draft of the horse genome sequence has been deposited in public databases and is freely available for use by biomedical and veterinary researchers around the globe, leaders of the international Horse Genome ...
2008-01-01
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV), the causative agent of papillomas in cattle, has been shown to play a major role in the pathogenesis of equine sarcoids in horses. BPV has also been detected occasionally in normal equine skin. In this study, presence and activity of BPV in normal skin and peripheral blood of 4 groups of horses were evaluated: sarcoid-affected horses, horses living in contact with sarcoid-affected horses, horses living in contact with papilloma-affected cattle and control horses. From each horse, 3 samples on 4 locations were collected: a swab of the intact skin surface and both a swab and a biopsy after decontamination. BPV DNA was found in the normal skin of 24 of 42 horses (57%). Mainly sarcoid-affected horses and horses living in contact with cattle were carriers (73%), but...
DIFFERENTIAL DETECTION OF HAMMONDIA HAMMONDI FROM TOXOPLASMA GONDII USING PCR
Journal Article - Hammondia hammondi and Toxoplasma gondii are two related coccidian parasites, with cats as definitive hosts and warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts. It is difficult to differentiate them by morphological and serological parameters. In the present study, p...
...Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Warmblooded Animals Other Than Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Hamsters, Guinea Pigs, Nonhuman Primates, and Marine Mammals Transportation Standards 3.142 Handling. (a)...
9 CFR 3.141 - Terminal facilities.
...Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Warmblooded Animals Other Than Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Hamsters, Guinea Pigs, Nonhuman Primates, and Marine Mammals Transportation Standards 3.141 Terminal...
9 CFR 3.140 - Care in transit.
...Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Warmblooded Animals Other Than Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Hamsters, Guinea Pigs, Nonhuman Primates, and Marine Mammals Transportation Standards 3.140 Care in transit....
9 CFR 3.139 - Food and water requirements.
...Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Warmblooded Animals Other Than Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Hamsters, Guinea Pigs, Nonhuman Primates, and Marine Mammals Transportation Standards 3.139 Food and water...
9 CFR 3.134-3.135 - [Reserved]
...Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Warmblooded Animals Other Than Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Hamsters, Guinea Pigs, Nonhuman Primates, and Marine Mammals Animal Health and Husbandry Standards 3.134-3.135...
...Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Warmblooded Animals Other Than Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Hamsters, Guinea Pigs, Nonhuman Primates, and Marine Mammals Animal Health and Husbandry Standards 3.132 Employees....
...Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Warmblooded Animals Other Than Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Hamsters, Guinea Pigs, Nonhuman Primates, and Marine Mammals Animal Health and Husbandry Standards 3.130 Watering....
...Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Warmblooded Animals Other Than Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Hamsters, Guinea Pigs, Nonhuman Primates, and Marine Mammals Animal Health and Husbandry Standards 3.129 Feeding....
9 CFR 3.128 - Space requirements.
...Transportation of Warmblooded Animals Other Than Dogs, Cats, Rabbits...sufficient space to allow each animal to make normal postural and...debility, stress, or abnormal behavior patterns. Animal Health and Husbandry...
...means the air temperature surrounding the animal. Animal means any live or dead dog, cat, nonhuman primate, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or any other warmblooded animal, which is being used, or is intended for use for research,...
9 CFR 51.28 - Moving goats, sheep, and horses to be destroyed.
...2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Moving goats, sheep, and horses to be destroyed. 51...BECAUSE OF BRUCELLOSIS Indemnity for Sheep, Goats, and Horses 51.28 Moving goats, sheep, and horses to be destroyed....
9 CFR 51.28 - Moving goats, sheep, and horses to be destroyed.
...2009-01-01 2009-01-01 false Moving goats, sheep, and horses to be destroyed. 51...BECAUSE OF BRUCELLOSIS Indemnity for Sheep, Goats, and Horses 51.28 Moving goats, sheep, and horses to be destroyed....
9 CFR 51.27 - Identification of goats, sheep, and horses to be destroyed.
...2010-01-01 false Identification of goats, sheep, and horses to be destroyed. 51...BECAUSE OF BRUCELLOSIS Indemnity for Sheep, Goats, and Horses 51.27 Identification of goats, sheep, and horses to be destroyed....
9 CFR 51.27 - Identification of goats, sheep, and horses to be destroyed.
...2009-01-01 false Identification of goats, sheep, and horses to be destroyed. 51...BECAUSE OF BRUCELLOSIS Indemnity for Sheep, Goats, and Horses 51.27 Identification of goats, sheep, and horses to be destroyed....
9 CFR 51.22 - Payment to owners for goats, sheep, and horses destroyed.
...2010-01-01 false Payment to owners for goats, sheep, and horses destroyed. 51.22...BECAUSE OF BRUCELLOSIS Indemnity for Sheep, Goats, and Horses 51.22 Payment to owners for goats, sheep, and horses destroyed....
9 CFR 51.22 - Payment to owners for goats, sheep, and horses destroyed.
...2009-01-01 false Payment to owners for goats, sheep, and horses destroyed. 51.22...BECAUSE OF BRUCELLOSIS Indemnity for Sheep, Goats, and Horses 51.22 Payment to owners for goats, sheep, and horses destroyed....
Pastures for Horses - A winning resource (Hardcopy only)
2006-01-01
This book is the first step towards increasing the use of pasture by our horse industry. It was commissioned by RIRDC in recognition of an industry need for comprehensive information on pasture for horses. It is a relevant and practical manual for horse owners and managers in temperate Australia. It has been designed to improve skills and ultimately the performance of horses. It has information to help horse owners and managers appreciate changes in pasture quantity and quality, in horse condition and avoid the under and over feeding problems that frequently occur in pasture. Publisher: RIRDC Language: en-au Rights: Copyright Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved.
2010-01-01
Background: Recrudescence of latent equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) with subsequent viral shedding via nasal secretions is a potential source of infection for susceptible horses and has been implicated in outbreaks occurring in closed populations. Objectives: To describe the viral kinetics of reactivated EHV-1 in blood and nasal secretions from latently infected horses after administration of corticosteroids, and to study the infectious nature of reactivated EHV-1 to sentinel horses. Animals: Eight healthy horses. Methods: Four horses infected 4 months previously with EHV-1 received dexamethasone on 5 consecutive days. Four seronegative horses served as sentinels and had direct contact with the latently infected horses. All horses were monitored daily for development of clinical signs. Whole ...
Prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sport horses from Qazvin, Iran
2010-01-01
In the present study, the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in sport horses of Qazvin was examined using modified agglutination test (MAT). On 52 horse sera totally examined for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, 37 horses (71.2%) were seropositive by MAT. Results of the present study showed a high rate of Toxoplasma infection in horses in Qazvin area. More comprehensive study on equine toxoplasmosis is recommended.
1998-01-01
The information contained will be of value to those involved with a range of horse activities who have limited land available for housing their animals. A more widespread understanding and implementation of sustainable, pasture based, grazing management for horses will have long term benefits in more effective and sustainable land use, economy of horse management and improved appearance of horse properties. Publisher: RIRDC Language: en-au Rights: Copyright Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved.
New hope for horse lovers as effective control for killer ragwort is proposed
2007-10-10
An effective natural control alternative for ragwort -- a weed that the British Horse Society has warned "poses a real threat to the horse population in the UK" - is being proposed by the international scientific ...
2010-03-01
Sudden deaths and an outbreak of diarrhea in horses occurred in southern Saskatchewan in 2006. Five horses died while survivors presented with diarrhea and, in 1 case, acute neurologic signs attributed...Full Text Available
Composting may be alternative in wake of horse slaughter bill
2006-10-11
The American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act, making its way from the U.S. House to the Senate, could leave thousands of horses with no final resting ground. Composting may be an environmentally friendly option that fits ...
2009-10-01
Neorickettsia risticii is an obligate intracellular bacterium of the trematodes and mammals. Horses develop Potomac horse fever (PHF) when they ingest aquatic insects containing encysted...Full Text Available
Allelic Heterogeneity at the Equine KIT Locus in Dominant White (W) Horses
2007-11-01
White coat color has been a highly valued trait in horses for at least 2,000 years. Dominant white (W) is one of several known depigmentation phenotypes in horses. It shows considerable...Full Text Available
9 CFR 93.313 - Appearance of disease among horses in quarantine.
... false Appearance of disease among horses in quarantine...CERTAIN ANIMALS, BIRDS, FISH, AND POULTRY, AND CERTAIN...93.313 Appearance of disease among horses in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among...
9 CFR 51.32 - Claims not allowed.
...BRUCELLOSIS Indemnity for Sheep, Goats, and Horses 51.32 Claims not allowed. Claims for indemnity for goats, sheep, and horses destroyed because...time of the test; (c) Testing of goats, sheep, and horses in the...
9 CFR 51.32 - Claims not allowed.
...BRUCELLOSIS Indemnity for Sheep, Goats, and Horses 51.32 Claims not allowed. Claims for indemnity for goats, sheep, and horses destroyed because...time of the test; (c) Testing of goats, sheep, and horses in the...
2009-01-01
Summary All organisms have evolved mechanisms that protect them against environmental stress. The major fungal pathogen of humans, Candida albicans, has evolved robust stress responses that protect it against human immune defences and promote its pathogenicity. However, C. albicans is unlikely to be exposed to heat shock as it is obligatorily associated with warm-blooded animals. Therefore, we examined the role of the heat shock transcription factor (Hsf1) in this pathogen. We show that C. albicans expresses an evolutionarily conserved Hsf1 (orf19.4775) that is phosphorylated in response to heat shock, induces transcription via the heat shock element (HSE), contributes to the global transcriptional response to heat shock, and is essential for viability. Why has Hsf1 been conserved in this ...
The Fiery Horse: A Russian Fairytale
2010-01-01
The horse in fairytales and in dreams symbolizes in a wider sense what carries our instinctual vital forces, our unconscious life basis and body wisdom. It is one of the most comprehensive life instincts. The horse energy carries the ego through life and all the necessary heroic deeds. Fairytales show that with its help, deviation from the basic instinctive pattern can be corrected. A healthy, conscious situation can be restored by the hero who is connected to the horse. The fiery horse, which is the devil's horse in some cases, represents the suppression of this horse energy. Where no connection can be made to it, the whole process of individuation seems to fail. This fairytale speaks about how to deal with the incredible vitality of the fiery horse, which can be pure destruction but can ...
The Absolute Threshold of Colour Vision in the Horse
Arrhythmic mammals are active both during day and night if they are allowed. The arrhythmic horses are in possession of one of the largest terrestrial animal eyes and the purpose of this study is to...Full Text Available
Mutant gene link to West Nile virus in horses
2010-06-02
The same mutated gene that makes humans more susceptible to the potentially fatal West Nile virus is also responsible for the virus affecting horses, according to scientists at the University of Adelaide.
Common drug associated with improved performance in race horses
1999-08-30
A drug legally given before a race to horses for a certain medical condition is suspected of having a positive effect on their performance. The drug, called furosemide, is often given to racehorses with a history of ...
Caecal intussusceptions in horses: a New Zealand perspective
2010-01-01
Objective To establish the prevalence of intussusceptions involving the caecum in a population of horses admitted to a university hospital for colic. Design Retrospective clinical study Methods Medical records of all horses admitted to the Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 1991 and 2004 were examined for information of those horses diagnosed with an intussusception involving the caecum. Results A total of 135 horses were admitted for colic surgery during the study period and 61 horses had a diagnosis of ileocaecal (37), caecocaecal (5) or caecocolic intussusception (19) made either at surgery or necropsy. Of the horses with ileocaecal intussusception, 32 had an incomplete hand-sewn ileocaecostomy without reduction and 29 survived to discharge. All the horses with caeco...
2008-01-01
Both in the present and the past, horses have a strong presence in New Zealand society and culture. The country’s temperate climate and colonial environment allowed horses to flourish and accordingly became accessible to a wide range of people. Horses acted as an agent of colonisation for their role in shaping the landscape and fostering relationships between coloniser and colonised. Imported horses and the traditions associated with them, served to maintain a cultural link between Great Britain and her colony, a characteristic that continued well into the twentieth century. Not all of these transplanted readily to the colonial frontier and so they were modified to suit the land and its people. There are a number of horses that have meaning to this country. The journey horse, sport horse, work horse, warhorse, wild horse, pony and Maori horse have all contributed to the creation of ideas about community and nationhood. How these horses are represented in history, literature and imagery reveal much of the attitudes, values, aspirations and anxieties of the times. Yet despite the clear significance of horses to this country, no one breed of horse has emerged to represent the country as a whole. Unlike many other modern nations, New Zealand has not identified a national horse. Close allegiance to the British heritage as well as a strong sense of local and regional identity has meant that there is no New Zealand Horse to take its place beside the Australian Stockhorse, the Canadian Horse or any of the other national horses. Language: en
2010-01-01
Abstract Selective breeding for performance has resulted in distinct breeds of horse, such as the Quarter Horse (bred for acceleration) and the Arab (bred for endurance). Rapid acceleration, seen during Quarter Horse racing, requires fast powerful muscular contraction and the generation of large joint torques, particularly by the hind limb muscles. This study compared hind limb moment arm lengths in the Quarter Horse and Arab. We hypothesized that Quarter Horse hind limb extensor muscles would have longer moment arms when compared to the Arab, conferring a greater potential for torque generation at the hip, stifle and tarsus during limb extension. Six Quarter Horse and six Arab hind limbs were dissected to determine muscle moment arm lengths for the following muscles: gluteus medius, bicep...
...Indications for use . For the immediate relief of bronchospasm and bronchoconstriction associated with reversible airway obstruction in horses. (3) Limitations . Not for use in horses intended for food. [67 FR 7072, Feb. 15,...
Uptake and transmission of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by migratory filter-feeding fish
Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasitic protozoan known to cause disease and death in warm-blooded animals. Bottlenose dolphins, walruses, sea otters, and other marine animals worldwide have died from toxoplasmosis, but the source of this parasite in the marine environment h...
The purpose of this research project is to develop, evaluate and standardize a method or system that will provide information on the source of microbial indicators used to measure water quality. Microbes that are found in the feces of warm-blooded animals have been used for more...
Microbiological Techniques: Staphylococci
1991-12-31
Summary'Microbiological Techniques: Staphylococci EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report is one of a series of technical support documents produced in the course of compiling a manual of standard methods for microbiological analysis for the National Rivers Authority (NRA) and the Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental Research (SNIFFER). It concentrates on methods of analysing for the staphylococci and, in particular, Staphylococcus aureus. The staphylococci are carried by most warm-blooded an [continued...]
Training and fitness in athletic horses
2000-01-01
In this book the main research findings in exercise physiology of training and fitness assessment of horses are reviewed and practical techniques for fitness testing are described. Important principals for training racehorses, event and endurance horses are included. Some of the practical information has been based on Dr Evans’ experiences as a consultant in commercial Thoroughbred horse training. Publisher: RIRDC Language: en-au Rights: Copyright Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved.
The Development of Horse Embryonic and Amnion Derived Stem Cells
2010-01-01
Joint injuries are a major cause of economic loss in the horse industry. Even a small cartilage injury in a critical spot can end a successful career of a race horse. This RIRDC report focuses on the new stem cell technology for producing equine stem cells to treat horse cartilage injury and many other diseases. The protocols for isolation of equine embryonic stem cells, ovine and equine amnion epithelium stem cells are described in the report. Publisher: RIRDC Language: en
Robustness of two-way quantum communication protocols against Trojan horse attack
2005-08-23
We discuss the robustness of two-way quantum communication protocols against Trojan horse attack and introduce a novel attack, delay-photon Trojan horse attack. Moreover, we present a practical way for two-way quantum communication protocols to prevent the eavesdropper from stealing the information transmitted with Trojan horse attacks. It means that two-way quantum communication protocols is also secure in a practical application.
2010-01-01
Abstract Objective To determine the long-term efficacy, complications, and duration of effect of a cyclosporine (CsA) suprachoroidal implant (CSI) in horses with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU). Methods Horses with ERU were treated with a 6-mm diameter, 25 mg, reservoir matrix CsA implant in the deep sclera adjacent to the suprachoroidal space. Horses with follow-up
Horse racing, the so-called "sport of kings," has captivated fans for centuries. One reason is the grace and agility of the horses themselves -- when they're running at top speed, they look as if they're flying down the track. In this Science Update, you'll hear how studying horses may help engineers improve human flight in air and space.
Clinical aspects of fluorosis in horses
1971-01-15
Horses grazing in areas where cattle and sheep had developed severe fluorosis were examined clinically. Of those examined, 12 horses of different ages and with various degrees of fluorosis were selected for necropsy. Selected tissues were examined grossly, histologically, and radiographically. Major fluorotic lesions occurred only when the horses ingested excessive amounts of fluorine during the period of tooth formation. 12 references, 6 figures, 1 table.
...2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Gelatin derived from horses or swine, or from...RESTRICTED IMPORTATIONS 94.20 Gelatin derived from horses or swine, or from...spongiform encephalopathy exists. Gelatin derived from horses or swine, or...
...2009-01-01 2009-01-01 false Gelatin derived from horses or swine, or from...RESTRICTED IMPORTATIONS 94.20 Gelatin derived from horses or swine, or from...spongiform encephalopathy exists. Gelatin derived from horses or swine, or...
Sinoscopic Treatment of Rostral Maxillary and Ventral Conchal Sinusitis in 60 Horses
2009-01-01
Objective To evaluate the use of sinoscopy for detection and treatment of ventral conchal sinus (VCS) and/or rostral maxillary sinus (RMS) disease in horses. Study Design Case series Animals Horses (n=60) with suspected paranasal sinus disease. Methods Horses were evaluated by sinoscopy through a conchofrontal sinus (CFS) portal with ventral conchal bulla (VCB) fenestration. Other endoscopic sinus approaches and adjunctive diagnostic tests; oral examination, computed tomography, radiography, scintigraphy and endoscopic examination of the upper portion of the respiratory tract were used in some horses. Results The CFS approach permitted adequate observation of the RMS and VCS in 53 horses (88%). Hemorrhage caused by VCB fenestration prevented examination of the RMS and/or VCS in 12 horses (...
Ethical equitation: Capping the price horses pay for human glory
2010-01-01
Ethical equitation is nowadays coming into sharp focus in equestrian culture. Concerns surround the ethics of sports based on controlling an animals locomotory responses and in using animals such as horses in sport in general. Anthropomorphically labeled misinterpretations of the responses of trained horses, such as the use of terms like "mad," "lazy," "keen," and "stubborn," may be detrimental to optimal equine welfare. Similarly, the concept of the "equine athlete" may imply an ill-informed teleological explanation of the motives of the horse in sport. Despite problems in identifying the happy horse, rewarding optimal welfare and the absence of critical stress responses in performance horses is an important step forward. Horse racing is the source of many welfare concerns because of the ...
Ethical equitation: Applying a cost-benefit approach
2010-01-01
Riding and training horses is the basis of a multi-billion dollar industry, but their use in the developed world is predominantly for recreational, competitive, entertainment, or performance purposes. However, when we consider the poor welfare outcomes for the horses involved, our ultimate focus on fun seems a poor justification for using horses in this way. This article is not intended to diminish the use of horses in the ridden context, rather it foreshadows a time when horse welfare and equestrian competition are as balanced and sustainable as possible. Any use of horses is inevitably associated with a range of activities and interventions that can, collectively, compromise welfare. Laws are unlikely to adequately protect horse welfare if they assume traditional practices, including the...
Association of phenylbutazone usage with horses bought for slaughter: A public health risk
2010-01-01
Sixty-seven million pounds of horsemeat derived from American horses were sent abroad for human consumption last year. Horses are not raised as food animals in the United States and, mechanisms to ensure the removal of horses treated with banned substances from the food chain are inadequate at best. Phenylbutazone (PBZ) is the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in equine practice. Thoroughbred (TB) race horses like other horse breeds are slaughtered for human consumption. Phenylbutazone is banned for use in any animal intended for human consumption because it causes serious and lethal idiosyncratic adverse effects in humans. The number of horses that have received phenylbutazone prior to being sent to slaughter for human consumption is unknown but its presence ...
Aldosterone plasma concentration in horses with heart valve insufficiencies
2008-01-01
In humans and small animals, heart disease can lead to an increase in aldosterone, and the aldosterone level correlates with the severity of the heart disease. In horses similar interactions may be possible and may lead to an increase in aldosterone in horses with heart valve insufficiencies.In a prospective clinical trial eight healthy horses (control group) and 40 horses with heart valve disease were examined. In all horses, a clinical (auscultation), electro- and echocardiographic examination was performed and aldosterone plasma concentration was determined.The median aldosterone plasma concentration in the control group was 23.95pg/ml. Twenty-one out of 40 horses with heart valve insufficiencies and without dimensional changes by echocardiography (group 1) showed a median aldosterone p...
Immune response to Leishmania infantum in healthy horses in Spain.
Leishmania infantum infection has recently been described in horses in Europe. We report the results of a study on the immune response to L. infantum in horses living in an area endemic for leishmaniosis in NE Spain. Two ELISAs using protein A and anti-horse IgG conjugates were adapted to measure specific antibodies to L. infantum in horse sera. A lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to L. infantum antigen was also performed to detect specific cellular immune response to Leishmania. Anti-L. infantum antibodies were detected in the serum of 16 of the horses studied (n=112) using the protein A assay but not in the assay using the anti-horse IgG conjugate. Specific lymphocyte proliferation was observed in 20 out of 55 horses. This study shows that horses in the area studied mount specific immune responses to L. infantum, and must therefore be considered among the species exposed to the parasite in this region. The infrequency of leishmaniosis in horses suggests that the immune response in this species is effective in controlling the infection.
Demographics, management, and welfare of nonracing horses in Prince Edward Island
2004-12-01
Full Text Available.AbstractThere are no detailed, representative, horse-level data about equine management practices in different parts of Canada. To help address this, the demographics, management, and welfare of 312 nonracing horses in Prince Edward Island were examined in a randomized, horse-level survey during summer 2002. Owners completed a pretested questionnaire, and a veterinarian examined each horse. Owners were experienced caregivers and the horses were generally in good condition. Areas for improvement included parasite control, dental and hoof care, and tail docking. The mean fecal egg count was 428 eggs per gram; 76% of owners never removed manure from the pasture. Sixty-two percent of horses had never had a veterinary dental examination. Many horses had hoof defects (excessively long hooves, 26.8%; hoof wall breaks, 32.0%; and white line disease, 8.5%). Many (54.9%) draft horses had docked tails. These results suggest owners might benefit their horses by receiving education in aspects of equine care.
Infection of Immunodeficient Horses with Sarcocystis neurona Does Not Result in Neurologic Disease
2004-11-01
Full Text Available.Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is a progressive neurologic disease of horses most commonly caused by infection with the apicomplexan parasite Sarcocystis neurona. Factors affecting neuroinvasion and neurovirulence have not been determined. We investigated the pathogenesis of infection with S. neurona in horses with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). Two immunocompetent (IC) Arabian horses and two Arabian horses with SCID were infected orally with 5 × 10
1995-02-01
A case of copper deficiency or molybdenum toxicosis in cattle, sheep and horses after heavy pollution of a pasture with fly ash is described. If the pastures had not been grazed by cattle and sheep as well as the horses, it would have been difficult to identify the reason for the intoxication in the horses. It is argued that molybdenum intoxication, although seldom seen in non-ruminants, was the cause of the deaths of the horses. It is suggested that the bioavailability of molybdenum in fly ash is high and therefore can cause equine intoxication.
Bone scintigraphy for horses; Die Skelettszintigrafie beim Pferd
2010-03-15
Scintigraphy (bone scan) is being used approximately since 1980 in the horse under general anaesthesia. With the construction of custom-made overhead gantries for gamma-cameras scintigraphy found widespread entry in big equine referral hospitals for bone-scanning of the standing horse. Indications for the use of a bone scan in the horse are inflammatory alterations in the locomotor apparatus. It is primarily used for diagnosis of lameness of unknown origin, suspect of stress fracture or hairline fracture and for horses with bad riding comfort with suspected painful lesions in the spine. (orig.)
Bone scintigraphy for horses Die Skelettszintigrafie beim Pferd
2010-01-01
Scintigraphy (bone scan) is being used approximately since 1980 in the horse under general anaesthesia. With the construction of custom-made overhead gantries for gamma-cameras scintigraphy found widespread entry in big equine referral hospitals for bone-scanning of the standing horse. Indications for the use of a bone scan in the horse are inflammatory alterations in the locomotor apparatus. It is primarily used for diagnosis of lameness of unknown origin, suspect of stress fracture or hairline fracture and for horses with bad riding comfort with suspected painful lesions in the spine. (orig.)
Between 30 and 70 per cent of horses at 18 stables had their anthelmintic treatments withdrawn for a year. Three of the stables (group 1) had used no anthelmintics for many years, 10 (group 2) had treated their horses with anthelmintics approximately twice a year, and five (group 3) had used anthelmintics five to seven times a year. A total of 1068 samples of faeces were collected from the 267 untreated horses and faecal egg counts were carried out four times during the year. Overall 50.2 per cent of the samples contained less than 200 epg. When the four counts from individual horses were collated, 35.6 per cent of the horses were low egg-shedders (LES). However, the previous control programme had a marked effect on both the mean log(10) epg and the proportion of horses in the stables that were LES. The proportions of LES among the horses in the stables in groups 1 and 2 were similar, although the log(10) epg was significantly lower in group 2. There was a markedly higher proportion of LES and a lower mean log(10) epg in the untreated horses at the stables in group 3 than in either of the other groups. The horses at the stables in groups 2 and 3 that remained on the anthelmintic programme previously used at the stables had lower egg counts than the untreated horses at the same stables, but the difference was usually not statistically significant. At the stables in group 2 the proportions of horses that were LES in the treated and untreated groups were not significantly different. At the stables in group 3 the proportion of LES was significantly lower in the treated horses than in the untreated horses.
Seroprevalence of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in the Swiss horse population
2010-01-01
In Switzerland, the prevalence and incidence of equine piroplasma parasite (EPP) infections are unknown. In order to obtain a first insight into the prevalence, a representative sample of 689 sera of horses from Switzerland was serologically tested for the presence of antibodies directed against T. equi and B. caballi using the Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT). A total of 50 (7.3%) horses were seropositive for EPP: overall, the seroprevalence of T. equi was significantly higher than that of B. caballi (p=0.002). The seropositivities in indigenous horses (animals bred and raised in Switzerland) and in imported horses were 4.8% (11/230) and 8.5% (39/459), respectively. Unlike in indigenous horses, where no significant difference in seroprevalences could be observed between the two ...
Pararectal Cystotomy for Urolith Removal in Nine Horses
2010-01-01
Objective: To report outcome of horses after standing pararectal cystotomy for removal of uroliths. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Horses (n=9) with cystic calculi. Methods: Medical records (December 1998-May 2007) of horses with cystic calculi that had standing pararectal cystotomy were reviewed. Signalment; urolith number, size, and type; surgical technique; sedation and analgesia protocols; intra- and postoperative complications and outcome were analyzed. Results: Uroliths (mean diameter, 6.37 cm; median, 6 cm; range, 3-10 cm) were removed intact without need for fragmentation. Eight (89%) horses had no complications and 1 horse (11%) developed persistent drainage from the perineal incision and incisional healing was prolonged. The complications resolved after wound revision, and a...
Long-term memory for categories and concepts in horses (Equus caballus)
2009-01-01
Three horses (Equus caballus) with a history of performing cognitive tasks including discrimination learning, categorization, and concept use were tested to evaluate their long-term memory (LTM) in three experiments. In addition, use of LCD multi-displays for stimulus presentation was incorporated into cognition testing protocol for the first time with horses. Experiment 1 tested LTM for discrimination learning that originally occurred 6years earlier. Five sets of stimuli were used and the two horses tested showed no decrement in performance on four of the sets; however, both horses did score below chance on one set. Experiment 2 examined long-term categorization recall 10years after horses had demonstrated the ability to make stimulus selections based on shared characteristics within ...
Intra-abdominal hypertension in two adult horses
2009-01-01
Abstract Objective- To describe the clinical and pathological findings in 2 adult horses with documented increases in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), and to describe the direct puncture technique used to measure this pressure. Series Summary- Two adult horses developed increases in IAP secondary to large-volume abdominal effusion. A 9-year-old Quarter Horse cross gelding was presented for evaluation of urinary and neurologic signs. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination showed a hepatic abscess along with abdominal effusion. A 4-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was presented for evaluation of castration complications. A castration site infection extended into surrounding tissues, resulting in peritonitis, abdominal effusion, and severe cellulitis of the limbs. IAP measured in both horses was...
Front and Back Covers, Volume 25, Number 1. February 2009
2009-01-01
Front cover caption, volume 25 issue 1 A boy shows off on his horse at the annual festival of racing, games and music in Barsko'on, Kyrgyzstan in October 2007. The festival includes endurance races of up to 36 kilometres over steep, rocky mountain paths and streams, a far cry from the bowling-green surfaces of Churchill Downs and Newmarket. Abdildechan, an expert in horse games in Kyzyl Suu, explained that horse games and competitions such as these derive from the importance of horses to the nomadic and warrior traditions of the Kyrgyz people. Horses enable people to move away from danger, he explained, and are also essential for work and food. Cars are becoming increasingly common in Kyrgyzstan, but many people believe that they will never completely replace horses in this mountainous reg...
Environmental risk factors associated with West Nile virus clinical disease in Florida horses
2009-01-01
Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the extrinsic risk factors of West Nile virus (WNV) clinical disease in Florida horses as established from confirmed and negative horses tested within the state from 2001 to 2003. An Arboviral Case Information Form (ACF) was submitted by a referring veterinarian at the time of testing to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services on every horse suspected of a viral encephalitis in Florida. A follow-up survey that focused on arbovirus prevention and farm ecology was created and mailed to the owner of each tested horse. Data from the follow-up survey indicated peak WNV prevalence in the late summer months in Florida. Quarter horses were the most commonly affected breed. The WNV vaccine was highly protective and natural wate...
Endotoxin concentrations within the breathing zone of horses are higher in stables than on pasture
2010-01-01
Inflammatory airway disease is common in stabled horses, with a prevalence of 17.3% in Michigan pleasure horses. Stable dust is rich in endotoxin, which may induce neutrophilic airway inflammation. Climatological conditions (ambient temperature and relative humidity) may influence endotoxin concentrations in pastures. The aim of this project was to determine if endotoxin levels in the breathing zone of horses in stables were higher than of horses on pasture, and if the endotoxin on pasture was associated with climatological conditions. Endotoxin exposure of six horses that were stabled or on pasture was determined by a Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Climatological data were obtained from the US National Climatic Data Center. Endotoxin exposure was significantly higher (about 8-fold) in st...
Clinical Features and Prognostic Variables in 109 Horses with Esophageal Obstruction (1992-2009)
2010-01-01
Background: Esophageal obstruction is common in horses and can result in life-threatening complications. Previous studies have described clinical findings in horses with esophageal obstruction, but there are no reports that attempt to make correlations of clinical findings with outcome. Hypothesis: Specific clinical features of horses with esophageal obstruction are associated with increased likelihood of complications. Animals: One hundred and nine horses with esophageal obstruction. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study. All clinical records of horses admitted between April 1992 and February 2009 for esophageal obstruction were reviewed. The association among 24 clinical, hematological, biochemical, therapeutic variables and the likelihood of complications was investigated by a un...
2009-01-01
Abstract Objective To determine, in mildly hypercapnic horses under isoflurane-medetomidine balanced anaesthesia, whether there is a difference in cardiovascular function between spontaneous ventilation (SV) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Study design Prospective randomized clinical study. Animals Sixty horses, undergoing elective surgical procedures under general anaesthesia: ASA classification I or II. Methods Horses were sedated with medetomidine and anaesthesia was induced with ketamine and diazepam. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and a constant rate infusion of medetomidine. Horses were assigned to either SV or IPPV for the duration of anaesthesia. Horses in group IPPV were maintained mildly hypercapnic (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (...
2010-04-01
Lavender Foal Syndrome (LFS) is a lethal inherited disease of horses with a suspected autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. LFS has been primarily diagnosed in a subgroup of the Arabian breed, the...Full Text Available
2008-11-01
An 8-year-old horse was presented with a submandibular swelling. Biopsy of the lesion indicated granulomatous osteomyelitis due to Halicephalobus gingivalis. In the absence of evidence...Full Text Available
Trichophyton verrucosum isolation from a historical horse fillet
2010-01-01
This report describes the isolation of Trichophyton verrucosum from a 70-year-old horse fillet. This fillet was not used since 1992 and was kept in a memorial collection. The report may imply longer viability for T. verrucosum than currently thought.
Thymic Epithelial Tumor with Heart Metastasis in a Horse
Thymic malignancy is rare in horses. Thymic epithelial tumor was diagnosed in an 18-year-old mare with invasion and metastasis to the pericardium and heart. At necropsy, the cranial thoracic cavity...Full Text Available
Thromboelastometric Profiles of Horses Affected by Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhages
Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) commonly occurs in race horses. Thromboelastometry (TEM) investigates the whole hemostatic process by evaluating the viscoelastic properties of the blood...Full Text Available
The influence of suxamethonium on cardiovascular and respiratory function in the anaesthetized horse
1969-05-01
1. In horses anaesthetized with halothane the intravenous administration of suxamethonium chloride, at a dose level of 0·2 mg/kg, produced a short-lived period of hypoventilation, which was...Full Text Available
Tansy ragwort poisoning in a horse in southern Ontario.
2000-05-01
Bizarre behavior, apparent lameness, and colic were noticed in 1 of 3 horses on a pasture overgrown by weeds during a drought. Liver failure and hepatoencephalopathy were diagnosed, caused by pyrrolizidine...Full Text Available
Sudden death due to thoracic lymphoma in a standardbred racing horse
2005-06-01
AbstractDuring training, a 6-year-old standardbred gelding collapsed, exhibiting severe epistaxis and agonal breathing and was euthanized. The horse had a recent history of poor performance,...Full Text Available
Study shows how respiratory disorder slows some racehorses
2005-09-14
A respiratory disorder that causes thoroughbred racehorses to hemorrhage during competition may seriously hamper some horses' chances of winning a race. A new study in Australia found that horses with more severe forms ...
Seroprevalence and risk factors for infection with West Nile virus in Saskatchewan horses, 2003
2007-10-01
The primary objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection of horses in Saskatchewan in 2003 and to identify risk factors for the infection....Full Text Available
Race horses vs work horses: Competition between the nuclear weapons labs in the 1950s
1992-01-01
This document provides a discussion of the missions and research programs of Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and details the competition between the two nuclear weapons laboratories in the 1950's. (FI)
Race horses vs work horses: Competition between the nuclear weapons labs in the 1950s
1992-06-01
This document provides a discussion of the missions and research programs of Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and details the competition between the two nuclear weapons laboratories in the 1950`s. (FI)
Prognostic factors affecting survival of 507 horses with joint disease: (1983 to 1990).
1999-10-01
Between July 1, 1983 and December 31, 1990, risk factors were determined for all horses with joint disease presented to a referral center, of being discharged, of ever becoming sound, or of being alive...Full Text Available
Postanesthetic brachial triceps myonecrosis in a Spanish-bred horse
2009-02-01
This report describes a case of postanesthetic brachial triceps myonecrosis affecting only the left forelimb of a horse. A fatal unilateral postanesthetic myonecrosis has not been previously reported...Full Text Available
Orthopaedic health status of horses from 8 riding schools - a pilot study
BackgroundOrthopaedic injury is the most common reason for lameness and wastage in sport and leisure horses. Studies on racehorses have shown differences in injury risk between trainers...Full Text Available
NASA Technology Helps Horses' Sore Hooves - NASA - Home
Dec 19, 1996... speeding the healing process and helping to prevent permanent damage. ... NASA materials engineer Deborah Dianne Schmidt and materials technician ... devices have magnet implanted in them for use on horses. ...
Molecular characterization of potentially zoonotic isolates of Giardia duodenalis in horses
2005-01-01
Giardia isolates from eight horses from New York State (NY), USA and two horses from Western Australia (WA) were genetically characterized at the SSU-rDNA and triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI) genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the TPI gene provided strong support for the placement of both isolates of Giardia from horses in WA and a single isolate from a horse in NY within the assemblage AI genotype of G. duodenalis. Another two isolates from horses in NY placed within the assemblage All genotype of G. duodenalis. Phylogenetic analysis of the TPI gene also provided strong bootstrap support for the placement of four G. duodenalis isolates from horses in NY into a potentially host-specific sub-assemblage of assemblage BIV. The results of this study are consistent with previous studies showing that assemblages AI and AII of G. duodenalis provide the greatest potential zoonotic risk to humans. Horses may therefore constitute a potential source for human infection of Giardia either directly or via watersheds. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Publisher: Elsevier Science Bv Coverage: 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z
Human Direct Actions May Alter Animal Welfare, a Study on Horses (Equus caballus)
BackgroundBack pain is the cause of bad welfare in humans and animals. Although vertebral problems are regularly reported on riding horses, these problems are not always identified...Full Text Available
Horse genome sequence and analysis published in Science
2009-11-05
An international team of researchers has decoded the genome of the domestic horse Equus caballus, revealing a genome structure with remarkable similarities to humans and more than one million genetic differences across ...
Ethnoveterinary medicines used for horses in Trinidad and in British Columbia, Canada
This paper investigates the commonalities in ethnoveterinary medicine used for horses between Trinidad (West Indies) and British Columbia (Canada). These research areas are part of a common market in...Full Text Available
Equine cyathostomins: a review of biology, clinical significance and therapy
The small strongyles of horses, also known as cyathostomins, are considered the most prevalent and pathogenic parasites of horses today. The clinical syndrome of larval cyathostominosis which occurs...Full Text Available
A case of the horse-shoe kidney
1971-10-15
This paper reports a case of horse-shoe kidney, confirmed by intravenous pyelography and kidney scan. A brief review of literature on the incidence, the embryologic etiology, the pathophysiology and the diagnosis, especially the valve of kidney scan, and the renogram of this anomaly was done.
A Genome Scan for Positive Selection in Thoroughbred Horses
Thoroughbred horses have been selected for exceptional racing performance resulting in system-wide structural and functional adaptations contributing to elite athletic phenotypes. Because selection...Full Text Available
A Canadian Veterinarian Overseas in the First World War
1982-06-01
In the First World War, horses were an integral part of warfare and while technological warfare was making its debut, conventional wisdom decreed that cavalry horses and pack animals had to be kept...Full Text Available
9 CFR 93.318 - Special provisions.
...provided in 93.317(b), horses from the United States which have been exhibited at the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair at Toronto or other publicly recognized expositions in Canada, including racing, horse shows, rodeo, circus, or stage...
9 CFR 93.303 - Ports designated for the importation of horses.
...Mexican border ports. The following land border ports are designated for the entry of horses from Mexico: Brownsville, Hidalgo, Laredo, Eagle Pass, Del Rio, Presidio, and El Paso, Texas; Douglas, Naco, Nogales, Sasabe, and San Luis,...
9 CFR 51.30 - Claims for indemnity.
...BRUCELLOSIS Indemnity for Sheep, Goats, and Horses 51.30 Claims... (a) Claims for indemnity for goats, sheep, and horses destroyed...for registered sheep and registered goats must be accompanied by the...
9 CFR 51.30 - Claims for indemnity.
...BRUCELLOSIS Indemnity for Sheep, Goats, and Horses 51.30 Claims... (a) Claims for indemnity for goats, sheep, and horses destroyed...for registered sheep and registered goats must be accompanied by the...
9 CFR 51.29 - Destruction of animals; time limit.
...BRUCELLOSIS Indemnity for Sheep, Goats, and Horses 51.29 Destruction...a) The claimant must ensure that goats, sheep, and horses infected with...b) The claimant must ensure that goats and sheep destroyed because of...
9 CFR 51.29 - Destruction of animals; time limit.
...BRUCELLOSIS Indemnity for Sheep, Goats, and Horses 51.29 Destruction...a) The claimant must ensure that goats, sheep, and horses infected with...b) The claimant must ensure that goats and sheep destroyed because of...
...blistering agent has been applied, internally or externally by a person to any limb of a horse, (2) Any burn, cut, or laceration has been inflicted by a person on any limb of a horse, (3) Any tack, nail, screw, or chemical agent has been...
7 CFR 762.125 - Financial feasibility.
...loan funds will not be used to finance a nonfarm enterprise. Nonfarm enterprises include, but are not limited to: raising earthworms, exotic birds, tropical fish, dogs, or horses for nonfarm purposes; welding shops; boarding horses; and riding...
...cooperative efforts under the Animal Welfare and Horse Protection Acts. ...compliance with and enforcement of animal welfare and horse protection laws and...These laws are: (i) The Animal Welfare Act, as amended (7...
...feed to layers. Do not allow horses, adult turkeys, guinea pigs, rabbits, hamsters, or ruminants access to this...feed to layers. Do not allow horses, adult turkeys, guinea pigs, rabbits, hamsters, or ruminants access to...
...procedures, and minor surgical procedures in adult horses; and for use as a preanesthetic prior to the induction of general anesthesia in adult horses. (3) Limitations . Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a...
...Do not administer to horses afflicted with chronic alveolar emphysema (heaves) or related respiratory conditions. The product...Do not administer to horses affected with chronic alveolar emphysema (heaves) or other respiratory conditions. (5) Do...
Trojan Horse as an indirect technique in nuclear astrophysics. Resonance reactions
2007-08-07
The Trojan Horse method is a powerful indirect technique that provides information to determine astrophysical factors for binary rearrangement processes $x + A \\to b + B$ at astrophysically relevant energies by measuring the cross section for the Trojan Horse reaction $a + A \\to y+ b + B$ in quasi-free kinematics. We present the theory of the Trojan Horse method for resonant binary subreactions based on the half-off-energy-shell R matrix approach which takes into account the off-energy-shell effects and initial and final state interactions.
2000-01-01
This report describes the experimental reproduction of strangles in horses and the subsequent host cell interactions with the strangles organism. For the first time this report shows the types of cells involved in this process and the very early events in the inflammatory response mounted by the horse in response to this organism. These results should be of significance to the development of improved vaccines and should provide information for other researchers keen to understand how horses mount immune responses to bacteria such as Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. Publisher: RIRDC Language: en-au Rights: Copyright Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved.
Review of the experimental papers at the IAEA conference on noninductive current drive, Culham, 1983
1983-10-01
Three types of noninductive current drive experiments have been reported at this conference: (1) neutral beam (2) rf current drive, and (3) relativistic electron beams (REB). If we compare the effort to develop current drive to a horse race, the neutral beam horse was first out of the gates, but it quickly found greener pastures (heating) and has dropped temporarily out of the race. The lower hybrid horse now has a big lead at the first furlong (200 m), but the bulk of the race remains to be run. The fast wave and REB horses have yet to get up speed.
Reserpine toxicosis in a horse.
A single injection of reserpine in an adult horse was believed to induce toxicosis for several days. Clinical signs included erratic, colic-like behavior followed by depression, bradycardia, miosis, ptosis, and paraphimosis. Diarrhea was not observed and may have been due to the effect of xylazine given with the reserpine. The horse was supported with IV fluids and intensive nursing care. Gradual improvement was noted 72 hours after the horse received the drug. Qualitative analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography was positive for reserpine. Methamphetamine is the recommended antidote but was not used in this case.
Procedure for granulokinetic studies in the horse with chromium-51
1981-04-01
A procedure with chromium-51 (51Cr) as the cell label that maintains high-cell viability for studying granulocyte kinetics in horses is described. The procedure combines and modifies several methods for isolating leukocytes and granulocytes for use in the horse when a large volume of labeled cells is required. Also described is an improved technique for measuring granulocyte specific activity in large serial blood samples, using a Ficoll-sedimentation method. The procedure should be useful for determining granulocyte kinetics in the horse, the only major domestic species for which such data are not available.
1981-09-01
An investigation of an outbreak of unusual illnesses in humans and horses residing within 1.3 km of a wire reclamation incinerator is presented. The study included site visits; medical and veterinary examinations; analyses of furnace ash, fly ash, soil, and biologic samples for air residues. Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (TCDDs) and tetrachlorodibenzofurans (TCDFs) were discovered in furnace ash, fly ash, soil, horse fat, and horse liver samples.
Use of a modified Vinsot technique for partial phallectomy in 11 standing horses.
CASE DESCRIPTION: 6 geldings and 5 stallions were evaluated from January 2007 through April 2009 for the following conditions requiring phallectomy: chronic paraphimosis (n = 7), squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (3), and priapism (1). CLINICAL FINDINGS: None of the 7 horses with paraphimosis was able to retract the penis. Chronicity of the paraphimosis in 6 horses ranged from 2 weeks to 2 months and was unknown in the seventh horse. Horses with paraphimosis had been medically treated without success. The horse with priapism had developed the condition secondary to acepromazine administration 2 days prior to referral and was unsuccessfully treated once by intracavernosal administration of phenylephrine and irrigation of the cavernosal tissues prior to surgery. The 3 horses with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis had had the condition for 2 years and had been treated by repeated application of a cryogen or chemotherapeutic agent to the lesions. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: All 11 horses underwent a partial phallectomy by means of a modified Vinsot technique. Modifications to the original technique included creation of a linear urethrostomy, alteration of the location and shape of the urethrostomy, application of a latex tourniquet, concurrent castration of stallions, and use of the procedure in standing horses. The procedure was technically easy to perform, well tolerated by the horses, and cosmetically acceptable to the owners, and had minimal postoperative complications. Long-term follow-up information was obtained from owners of 10 horses a median of 454 days after surgery; 2 owners reported mild urine scalding as the only adverse effect. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The modified Vinsot technique of partial phallectomy was effective and may be useful for horses that are unsuitable candidates for general anesthesia because of medical or owner financial constraints.
2010-01-01
Elevated concentrations of plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) in horses with pituitary disturbances are often associated with dysfunction of the pituitary's pars intermedia. The majority of such animals exhibit an increased susceptibility to laminitis, particularly during the autumn. The 24h plasma ACTH profiles of horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), and those of matched controls, were determined in March, June, September and December. Differences in ACTH concentrations between the groups were significant (P
2002-02-01
Upon ingestion of adult aquatic insects, horses developed clinical signs of Potomac horse fever, and Neorickettsia risticii was isolated from the blood. 16S rRNA and 51-kDa antigen...Full Text Available
Horse specialisation and pastoralism in the prehistoric Eurasian Steppe.
2008-07-17
DescriptionThe first domestication of horses probably took place in the steppes of Northern Kazakhstan during the Eneolithic. The domestication of the horse has been linked to the spread of Indo-European languages and significant social changes brought about by new transportation and warfare capabilities. Thus, the Eneolithic 'Botai Culture' has received much attention. However, the economic context of the Botai culture has been less well studied and this rather poor understanding of the palaeoeconomic seq [continued...]
Horse specialisation and pastoralism in the prehistoric Eurasian Steppe.
2008-07-31
DescriptionThe first domestication of horses probably took place in the steppes of Northern Kazakhstan during the Eneolithic. The domestication of the horse has been linked to the spread of Indo-European languages and significant social changes brought about by new transportation and warfare capabilities. Thus, the Eneolithic 'Botai Culture' has received much attention. However, the economic context of the Botai culture has been less well studied and this rather poor understanding of the palaeoeconomic seq [continued...]
Blood Levels of Zinc in Creole Horses Used in Sera Production
Using Neutron Activation Analysis Zn concentrations were determined in blood of horses (Creole breed). No significant difference was observed between male (0.0029+/-.0007 gL-1) and female (0.0031+/-.0011 gL-1) animals. These data are an important support to understand the physiological functions of Zn in blood during the process of sera production at Butantan Institute (Sa~o Paulo, Brazil) using horses.
Apparent rates of increase for two feral horse herds
1982-01-01
Rates of increase for 2 Oregon feral horse (Equus caballus) herds were estimated from direct aerial counts to be about 20% per year. These rates can be achieved only if survival rates are high, and reproduction exceeds that normally expected from horses. A population dynamics model suggests adult survival to be the key parameter in determining rates of increase, and there is some direct evidence of high adult survival rates. Management implications are discussed.
...OF CERTAIN ANIMALS, BIRDS, FISH, AND POULTRY, AND CERTAIN...certificates concerning specific diseases to which the horses are susceptible...denied because of: Communicable disease conditions in the area or...control or eradication of animal diseases and the unavailability...
2010-01-01
Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a recognized cause of colitis in the horse. Identification of its toxins is important for management of individual cases and for prevention of transmission and zoonosis. In humans, CDI diagnosis is performed with enzyme immunoassays, none of which have been validated for horses. Hypothesis/Objectives: (1) Establish which test for CDI diagnosis was more frequently used by diagnostic laboratories, (2) determine the identified test's performance, sensitivity, and specificity, and (3) validate its use in diarrheic horses. Animals: Samples were obtained from 72 horses presented with acute diarrhea and hospitalized at the Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph. Methods: A survey was conducted to establish which of the tests for CDI d...
1979-01-01
A technique was developed using radioactive isotopes as a source of radiation for the treatment of injuries to the superficial and deep flexor tendons and the associated ligaments in the horse. The treatment area was sub-divided so that different dosages could be applied over the limb as necessary. A plaster of Paris impression was taken on the whole area to be treated. In the isotope laboratory a plaster negative was made and loaded with the dose of radioactive isotope. The loaded cast was then strapped to the horse's limb for the calculated time, usually about three days. A total of 42 horses were treated and follow up information was obtained from 28. Twenty-five animals raced again: two relapsed before racing and one was destroyed with navicular disease. Ten of the 42 horses had been treated by firing before irradiation. Five of these returned to racing but the history of four of them ...
The use of human-given cues by domestic horses, Equus caballus, during an object choice task
2010-01-01
Selection pressures during domestication are thought to lead to an enhanced ability to use human-given cues. Horses fulfil a wide variety of roles for humans and have been domesticated for at least 5000 years but their ability to read human cues has not been widely studied. We tested the ability of 28 horses to attend to human-given cues in an object choice task. We included five different cues: distal sustained pointing, momentary tapping, marker placement, body orientation and gaze (head) alternation. Horses were able to use the pointing and marker placement cues spontaneously but not the tapping, body orientation and gaze alternation cues. The overall pattern of responding suggests that horses may use cues that provide stimulus enhancement at the time of choice and do not have an unders...
The fuzzy cluster analysis of terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum in pit No.3
2003-01-01
Terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum is famous in the world, but their original place of raw material is still a riddle up to now. A total of 44 samples of pottery warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum in pit No.3, 20 samples of clay nearby Museum of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum, one sample of Yaozhou porcelain body are selected for analysis. The contents of 32 micro elements in these samples are measured by neutron activation analysis (NAA). These data are analyzed by fuzzy cluster analysis, and the trend cluster analysis diagram is obtained. The results show that in terms of chemical composition of the microelements the terracotta warriors and horses from pit No.3 are close to loam soil layer nearby Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, but become estranged from loess layers, and have no relation to Yaozhou porcelain body. Thus ...
2008-01-01
Abstract Objective To determine the haemodynamic effects of halothane and isoflurane with spontaneous and controlled ventilation in dorsally recumbent horses undergoing elective surgery. Study design Prospective randomized clinical trial. Animals Twenty-five adult horses, body mass 487 kg (range: 267-690). Methods Horses undergoing elective surgery in dorsal recumbency were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups, isoflurane (I) or halothane (H) anaesthesia, each with spontaneous (SB) or controlled ventilation (IPPV). Indices of cardiac function and femoral arterial blood flow (ABF) and resistance were measured using transoesophageal and transcutaneous Doppler echocardiography, respectively. Arterial blood pressure was measured directly. Results Four horses assigned to receive is...
2008-01-01
Following administration of the anabolic steroid 19-nortestosterone or its esters to the horse, a major urinary metabolite is 19-nortestosterone-17b-sulphate. The detection of 19-nortestosterone in urine from untreated animals has led to it being considered a naturally occurring steroid in the male horse. Recently, we have demonstrated that the majority of the 19-nortestosterone found in extracts of `normal' urine from male horses arises as an artefact through decarboxylation of the 19-carboxylic acid of testosterone. The aim of this investigation was to establish if direct analysis of 19-nortestosterone-17b-sulphate by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) had potential for the detection of 19-nortestosterone misuse in the male horse. The high concentrations of sulphat...
2008-01-01
Abstract Objective To determine ocular distribution and toxicity of a single injection of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in normal horses. Animals studied Six adult horses, donated to North Carolina State University. Procedures Six horses were injected intravitreally with either 10, 20, or 40 mg (n = 2 each) of TA. The opposite eye of each horse was injected with balanced salt solution (BSS). Ocular toxicity was assessed by biomicroscopy, tonometry, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and electroretinogram. Aqueous humor (AH), vitreous humor (VH), and plasma samples were collected. Horses were euthanized 7 or 21 days after injection and eyes enucleated for histopathology. TA concentrations in AH, VH, and plasma were measured by HPLC. Results Three control eyes and one TA eye developed infl...
Nutrition of Grazing Broodmares, Their Foals and Young Horses
2000-01-01
The aim of the project reported here was to determine if young pasture fed horses would grow and mature as well as similar horses hand fed a nutritionally balanced ration. The project was also designed to collect data on the nutrient content of pastures grazed by horses on a number of studs. The report contains the results of an experiment that compared the growth of hand fed and grazing horses. It also presents data describing the nutrient content of pasture samples collected from a stud on the Darling Downs over two breeding seasons and from five studs in the Scone region of NSW that were collected over one breeding season. Publisher: RIRDC Language: en-au Rights: Copyright Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved.
2009-01-01
Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi is a pathogenic bacterium causing bleeding canker disease of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum). This is a serious disease which has been affecting horse chestnut in several European countries over the last five years; however, very little is known about the biology of the causal agent. One of the obstacles to studying this pathogen is the lengthy procedure associated with confirming its presence on the host. In this study, P. syringae pv. aesculi was isolated from lesions on different parts of horse chestnut and its pathogenicity confirmed on horse chestnut saplings using two inoculation techniques. Real-time PCR primers were developed based on gyrase B gene sequence data for the specific detection of P. syringae pv. aesculi. Primer specificity was te...
2008-01-01
The Equidae (the horse, Equus caballus, the ass, Equus asinus, zebras and their hybrids) are hosts to a great variety of nematode parasites, some of which can cause significant morbidity or mortality if individual hosts are untreated. Worldwide the nematode parasites of horses belong to 7 suborders, 12 families, 29 genera and 83 species. The great majority (19 of 29 genera and 64 of 83 species) are members of the family Strongylidae, which includes the most common and pathogenic nematode parasites of horses. Only the Strongylidae are included in this treatise. The Strongylidae (common name strongylids) of horses - nematodes with a well-developed buccal capsule, a mouth collar with two leaf-crowns, and a strongyloid (common name of superfamily Strongyloidea) copulatory bursa - can be separa...
Horse Racing Image: Re-Examination of Relations Between Image and Intention to Visit
2009-01-01
This study examined the relationship between cognitive and affective images of horse racing and the influences of the two image dimensions on the intention to attend horse racing events. Data was collected through an online survey method using World Survey in South Korea. The questionnaire was e-mailed to panel members of the World Survey who are involved in various online media. Canonical correlation and logistic regression were used to test hypotheses. The results showed that cognitive images of horse racing significantly influenced affective images and that both cognitive and affective images of horse racing positively influenced the intention to visit. The results of this paper supported previous destination image studies and also verified that the destination image concept could be ap...
Glycated Hemoglobin is an Indicator of Blood Glucose Status in Horses: Preliminary Study
2010-01-01
Glycated hemoglobin (HbG) concentration is a retrospective measure of mean blood glucose level and is not affected by recent stresses, food ingestion, or exercise. Although HbG has been determined in various wild and domestic animals such as kestrels, mankhor, mouflon, aoudad, deer, goat, sheep, dog, camel, ostrich, and horse, there is no information about diagnostic values of HbG as an indicator of blood glucose status in horses. The purposes of this study were to determine normal value of HbG in Iranian crossbred horses and to investigate its relation to fasting plasma glucose. Blood samples were collected from jugular veins of 193 clinically healthy adult crossbred horses (102 males and 91 females). After separation and washing of red blood cells, hemolysate was prepared and subjected t...
Full-Thickness Skin Grafting to Cover Equine Wounds Caused by Laceration or Tumor Resection
2010-01-01
Objective: To describe and evaluate full-thickness skin grafting of equine wounds. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Adult horses (n=6). Methods: A full-thickness graft was harvested from the pectoral region with the horse anesthetized or standing and sedated after local anesthetic infiltration. Grafts were attached to the cutaneous margin of the wound with staples and/or sutures if the horse was anesthetized or if the recipient site was desensitized. Cyanoacrylate glue was used to attach the grafts to the cutaneous margin of the wound of 3 horses. Medical records were reviewed for history, physical examination findings, grafting technique, postoperative complications, and outcome. Results: Three horses had full-thickness skin grafting to cover a fresh defect created by excision of a cut...
Fear reactions in trained and untrained horses from dressage and show-jumping breeding lines
2010-01-01
Horses' fear reactions are hazardous to both horses and human beings, but it is not clear whether fear is influenced more by training or by other factors such as genetics. The following study was designed to detect differences between young, untrained (U) and older, well-trained (T) horses of dressage (D), show-jumping (J), and mixed (M) genetic lines with regard to intensity of reaction and ease of habituation to a frightening stimulus. In five consecutive trials, 90 horses were exposed to a standardized fear-eliciting stimulus where intensity and duration of the reactions were recorded. Repeated measures analysis showed that flight reactions by J were less intense (p
2010-01-01
Abstract Objective To characterize cardiovascular, respiratory and biochemical effects and recovery behavior associated with a 3-hour continuous infusion of a micellar microemulsion propofol formulation in horses. Study design Prospective experimental trial. Animals Six healthy adult horses, 9 +- 2 years old and weighing 557 +- 14 kg. Methods All horses received xylazine (1 mg kg-1, IV) 5 minutes prior to anesthetic induction. Each horse was anesthetized on two occasions with a 5% micellar microemulsion propofol formulation (2 mg kg-1, IV); first as a single bolus (phase I) and then as a 3-hour continuous infusion (phase II). Propofol pharmacokinetics were obtained from phase I and used to determine the starting infusion rates in phase II. Anesthetic induction and recovery characteristics ...
2005-01-01
An experimental egg survey was carried out to assess whether there was significant spawning of mackerel and horse mackerel outside the area surveyed triennially by the international mackerel and horse mackerel standard egg survey. In all, 170 stations were sampled in May 2002 on the Porcupine, Rockall, and Hatton Banks, over the Rockall Trough, and in Faroese waters, with 38 control stations inside and 132 stations outside the standard survey area. There was some spawning of mackerel south and east of the Rockall Bank and southeast of the Faroe Bank, extending to west of the Scottish Shelf. Limited horse mackerel egg production was found west of the Rockall Bank and south of the Faroe Bank. The total mackerel and horse mackerel daily egg production estimated from samples collected in 2002 ...
Elite three-day event horses are over-supplemented during competition
2009-01-01
The objective of this study was to analyse the daily intake of vitamin E and some minerals fed or supplemented to horses competing in the Jersey Fresh CCI two-star and CCI three-star (n = 35) Three-Day Event. Riders gave informed consent to use their horses and nutritional information prior to the start of the study. Concentrate, hay and bran were weighed and each horse's body weight and body condition score were taken. Total nutrient intake was calculated using information provided by the manufacturer or from the NRC (2007). Recommended daily intakes were calculated for each horse in very heavy exercise using NRC (2007) equations. Differences between nutrient intake and requirement were determined using a Student's t-test. Average number of supplements fed on a regular basis was 4.3 +- 0....
2008-01-01
The objective of the study was to describe the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position on arterial blood gas values in horses anesthetized for laparoscopy. The study design was a prospective case series using 14 healthy adult horses anesthetized for elective laparoscopic surgery. All horses in the study were maintained under anesthesia with halothane in oxygen with intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. A pneumoperitoneum of 15 mmHg or less was achieved with carbon dioxide, and horses were tilted to a 35-degree Trendelenburg position to allow the completion of laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy (n = 13) or ovariectomy (n = 1). Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and arterial blood gases were recorded at six time intervals throughout the procedure. Results of ...
2010-01-01
Osteochondrosis (OC) is an important developmental orthopaedic disease that affects Thoroughbred horses around the world. It is widely accepted that both genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to the occurrence of OC in horses. This report quantifies the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors contributing to OC in Australian and New Zealand Thoroughbreds, and develops a tool (Estimated Breeding Values; EBVs) to predict the occurrence of OC in individual horses and in their progeny. This RIRDC report is targeted at equine veterinarians, stud managers, horse owners, sales companies and researchers who are involved in the Thoroughbred breeding industry in Australia. Although the research has been conducted in Thoroughbreds, it has broad applications for improving our understanding and management of this disease in the horse population at large. Publisher: rirdc Language: en-nz
Continuous feral horse grazing and grazing exclusion in mountain pampean grasslands in Argentina
2010-01-01
This paper evaluates changes in the composition and structure of plant communities and plant functional groups associated with the continuous presence of feral horses in mountain pampean grasslands in Argentina in order to explore the potential effects of horse removal on vegetation restoration. Specific and functional richness, diversity, evenness, spatial heterogeneity and above-ground biomass were compared between areas subjected to ten years of intensive grazing by horses and exclosures of the same age. Forbs, shrubs and rosettes were more abundant after ten years of grazing, while the spatial heterogeneity of perennial grasses was higher in long-term grazed areas. Nevertheless, grasslands showed good recovery after horse removal, with greater species diversity and evenness, higher abu...
2007-01-01
A total of 420 serum samples collected from horses of different ages, sexes and breeds, located at some horse farms in Egypt, were used for serological studies. A crude antigen of the locally isolated Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites from horse tissues (LA) was used for the detection of T. gondii antibodies in horses. It showed good diagnostic efficiency (38.1%) by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). To increase this efficiency, an affinity purification process was performed. Two fractions were obtained from LA by CNBr-Sepharose 4B affinity column chromatography named; unbound (LAunb) and bound (LAb). LAb showed the highest diagnostic potency (51.7%), while LAunb showed the lowest value (31.7%) using ELISA. The electrophoretic profile of LA (12 bands), LAb (6 bands) and LAunb (6 bands)...
1974-01-01
The concentrations of cadmium and lead in 79 samples of kidney and 79 samples of liver from Swedish cattle, pigs, sheep, and horses have been analyzed. High concentrations of cadmium were found in horse kidney and liver, especially in old animals. In Sweden horse kidney may not be sold for human consumption. Horse liver is usually used as animal food, but in some places it is included in certain mixed products, but only in small places it is included in certain mixed products, but only in small amounts due to its taste. The levels of cadmium and lead in kidney and liver from cattle, pigs, and sheep are such that for most people no change in eating habits is called for. 13 references, 1 table.
A pilot study on the transfer of 137Cs and 90Sr to horse milk and meat
2006-01-01
The radiological assessment of the impact of nuclear weapon's testing on the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) on the local population requires comprehensive site-specific information on radionuclide behaviour in the environment. However, information on radionuclide behaviour in the conditions of the STS is rather sparse and, in particular, there are no data in the literature on parameters of radionuclide transfer from feed to horse products proofed to be important contributors to the internal dose to the local population. The transfer of 137Cs and 90Sr to horse milk and meat was studied under laboratory and field conditions: in controlled experiment with three lactating horses maintained in the Kazakh Agricultural Research Institute, and in field measurements of horse products taken from hors...
64,XX, SRY-, and ZFY-Negative Icelandic Horse Likely to Be True Hermaphrodite
2009-01-01
A 4-year-old Icelandic horse, considered to be a mare, showed stallion-like behavior in a group of mares. On clinical examination, the horse turned out to have an enlarged erectable phallic clitoris. Ultrasound examination showed a normal-sized left ovary covered with numerous small follicular cysts and a compact testis-like tissue in place of the right ovary. The karyotype was normal for a mare (64,XX), and the horse was found to be negative for the Y chromosome-specific markers SRY, ZFY, and EIF1AY. This case indicates that the intersexual phenotype may be caused by autosomal recessive mutation, resulting in defects in cortisol biosynthesis rather than transferal of Y chromosome male-specific genes. This is the first report of an intersexual phenotype in an Icelandic horse that is likely...
Effects of lighting conditions on the welfare of horses being loaded for transportation
2008-01-01
Horses are transported for a variety of purposes. Loading the horse onto a trailer or horsebox can be a source of stress and injury for both the horse and handler. This study investigated whether lighting conditions either inside or outside the trailer influence the welfare of horses during loading. Eight horses were initially trained to enter a trailer for a food reward, and were then loaded into an enclosed trailer either from a dark or lit arena and into a dark or lit trailer, in a replicated Latin Square design. Heart rate increased from the start to the end of each test in all treatments, suggesting that the horses experienced some fear of the loading process. However, there was no effect of lighting treatment on the increase in heart rate or the maximum or mean heart rates. Neither was there any effect of treatment on the speed of loading or number of refusals, which when examined with the heart rate data, suggests that there was no effect of lighting treatment on the horses’ fear of loading. However, horses loading from a lit arena were more likely to turn away from the trailer or lower their head than horses loading from a dark arena. In addition, those loading from a lit arena to a dark trailer sniffed the ground more, showing increased exploration of their environment. It is concluded that the amount of fear shown by horses was not affected by lighting conditions inside or outside the trailer, but there was some evidence of negative emotions when they loaded from a lit arena, particularly when they were entering a dark trailer. Publisher: Elsevier Contributor: K.L. Overall Coverage: 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z
2010-01-01
Late Pleistocene spotted hyenas hunted Przewalski horses in spring to early summer, as documented by foetal horse skeleton remains of Equus ferus cf. przewalskii Poljakoff 1881, found between 3569 megamammal bones in the hyena den site Srbsko Chlum-Komin of the Bohemian Karst (Czech Republic). The main prey of hyenas Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss 1823) was this small horse, well distributed in Central Europe. 51% (NISP=1.800) of the megafauna in the Srbsko Chlum-Komin Cave are horse bones, consisting of mainly complete and in a few cases cracked and chewed dominantly leg and cranial remains. Carcass body parts must have been imported into the hyena prey storage and cub-raising den cave. Similar high amounts of horse remains and taphonomic situations are reported from other Late Pleisto...
Effect of dose of furosemide on plasma tCO2 changes in standardbred horses
2006-01-01
Nine Standardbred horses of similar athletic fitness (six mares, three geldings), ranging from 4 to 11 years of age, were used to determine the effects of 0, 250, or 500 mg intravenously administered furosemide on plasma tCO2 changes over time. All horses were either currently racing or in advanced stages of race training before entering a qualifying race. Horses were randomly allotted to one of the three treatment levels of furosemide during 3 consecutive weeks. Jugular venous samples were obtained from horses at rest in box stalls before and hourly for 6 hours after administration of furosemide. Body weights of horses ranged from 356 to 456 kg, and the mean was 417 kg. Thus, the dose of furosemide received by each horse ranged from 0.55 to 0.70 mg/kg body weight for the 250-mg injections...
Effect of Hydroxyethyl Starch Solution in Normal Horses and Horses with Colic or Acute Colitis
2007-01-01
Summary Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution is an effective colloidal infusion solution in humans for treatment of hypovolaemic shock, but it has not been compared with fluids currently available for use in horses. On the basis of plasma-expanding effect of HES in normal horses, a 10% medium-molecular 200/0.5 solution of HES was subsequently tested in hypovolaemic horses. Six normal horses were given five protocols of a single infusion of HES at varying dosage rates (5, 10, 15 ml HES/kg), as well as isotonic saline (15 ml/kg) and hypertonic saline (4 ml/kg b.w.). Dehydrated horses suffering from acute colitis or those which had been treated surgically for ileus of the small or large intestine were given an i.v. infusion of 10 ml HES/kg in combination with 10 ml saline/kg. Clinical data and ...
For 9 consecutive months (March-November 2008), faecal samples were collected monthly from 129 horses residing within 40 km of Salzburg, Austria. Samples were analysed quantitatively using a modified McMaster egg counting technique. Whenever a faecal egg count (FEC) result exceeded 250 eggs per gram (EPG), the horse was treated with pyrantel, ivermectin or moxidectin. In 52 of 129 horses (40.3%), no strongyle eggs were ever detected over the course of 9 months. In 39 horses (30.2%), strongyle eggs were detected in at least 1 sample, but the egg count never exceeded 250 EPG. The remaining 38 (29.5%) horses were treated at least once in response to a FEC that exceeded 250 EPG. As a result of this selective anthelmintic scheme, the total number of anthelmintic treatments was reduced to 54% of the number of treatments administered to the same horses in the previous year. Both the maximum and mean FEC dropped significantly after initiation of the study. A statistically significant, negative correlation was demonstrated between the maximum and mean FEC of a horse and its age. Pasture hygiene appeared to reduce FECs, but the effect was not statistically significant. The magnitude of the initial FEC was significantly correlated with the maximum FECs in the subsequent 8 months (p<0.01). The same relationship was observed for the maximum FEC of the first 2 samples. Furthermore, horses which required several anthelmintic treatments had a higher initial FEC and a greater maximum FEC in the first 2 samples than horses which received only one or no treatment. These results suggest that selective anthelmintic treatment accomplished a reduced pasture contamination with strongyle eggs, while simultaneously decreasing the number of anthelmintic treatments. Sustained implementation of a selective treatment strategy has the potential to reduce selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance. These results reported herein will assist equine practitioners in designing and monitoring sustainable anthelmintic treatment programs.
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