British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study we discuss an unsteady free convection MHD flow past semi-infinite vertical porous plate. We have considered the flow in the presence of a strong magnetic field and therefore the electromagnetic force is very large. This brings in the phenomenon of Hall and Ion-slip currents. The effects of these two parameters together with that of viscous dissipation and radiation absorption among others on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are presented. The profiles are presented graphically. As the partial differential equations governing this problem are highly non-linear they are solved numerically by a finite difference method. It is found that in presence of heating of the plate by free convection current the velocity boundary layer thickness decreases.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The present investigation is concerned with the effect of Hall currents on boundary layer flow, and heat and mass transfer of an electrically conducting fluid over an unsteady stretching sheet in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The electron-atom collision frequency is assumed to be relatively high, so that the Hall effect is assumed to exist, while the induced magnetic field is neglected. The governing time-dependent boundary layer equations for momentum, thermal energy, and concentration are reduced using a similarity transformation to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. The similarity ordinary differential equations are then solved numerically by the successive linearization method together with the Chebyshev pseudo-spectral collocation method. Effects of the Prand...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment is located at the Daya Bay nuclear power plant in Shenzhen, China. The experiment deploys eight 'identical' antineutrino detectors to measure antineutrino fluxes from six 2.9 GWth reactor cores in three underground experimental halls at different distances. The target zone of the Daya Bay detector is filled with 20 t 0.1% Gd doped LAB liquid scintillator. The baseline uncorrelated detector uncertainty is ?0.38% using current experimental techniques. Daya Bay can reach a sensitivity of sin22?13<0.01 with baseline uncertainties after 3 years of data taking.

CERN Document Server

We present a proposal for a combined ICARUS & NOE general purpose detector, to be installed in Hall B of the Gran Sasso Laboratory.The main scientific goal is the one of elucidating in a comprehensive way the pattern of neutrino $9 masses and mixings, following both (1) the S-KAM results and (2) the predictions on atmospheric neutrinos of the large solution of the Solar Neutrinos deficit. To achieve these goals, the experimental method is based upon the $9 complementary and simultaneous detection of CERN beam (CNGS) and cosmic ray (CR) events. This is made possible because of the complete isotropy of the detection technique. For the currently allowed values of the S-KAM results, both $9 CNGS and cosmic ray data will give independent measurements and provide a precise $(sin^{2}2\\theta; \\Delta m^{2})$ determination rather than a wide band of allowed values. Since we can observe and unambiguously identify $9 $\

Science.gov (United States)

The galvanomagnetic properties of single-crystal samples of the Bi{sub 0.93}Sb{sub 0.07} semiconductor alloy with the electron density n = 1.6 x 10{sup 17} cm{sup -3} in magnetic fields up to 14 T at T = 1.6 K have been investigated. The resistivity {rho} and Hall coefficient R have been measured as functions of the magnetic field directed along the binary axis of a crystal for a current flowing through a sample along the bisector axis; i.e., the components {rho}{sub 22} and R{sub 32,1} have been measured. The strong anisotropy of the electron spectrum of the samples makes it possible to separately observe quantum oscillations of the magnetoresistance {rho}{sub 22}(H) for H -parallel C{sub 2} in low magnetic fields for two equivalent ellipsoids with small extremal cross sections (secondary ellipsoids) and in high magnetic fields for electrons of the ellipsoid with a large extremal cross section (main ellipsoid). An increase in the energy of the ...

Science.gov (United States)

Molten zone recrystallized as well as sheet grown polycrystalline silicon has shown a minimum in the temperature dependence of the Hall mobility. In order to explain this experimental finding a new model is proposed, which is based on negatively charged grain boundaries for the p-type silicon material under study. This results in a potential well at the grain boundaries instead of the more generally observed potential barrier. A key feature in the model is that the space charge density at the grain boundary depends on the Fermi level position and therefore on temperature. In addition, the change in the measured Hall mobility before and after hydrogen passivation of the grain boundaries is discussed.

Science.gov (United States)

Apr 9, 2003 ... Adam Kissiah Jr., a retired KSC engineer, will be honored for his development of the digital hearing aid technology that led to the cochlear ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The properties of Mn-doped GaAs layers grown by laser deposition were investigated with measurements of Hall effect and magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). The electrical and magnetic parameters of the layers were defined by growth temperature and quantity of sputtered Mn. It was shown that room-temperature ferromagnetism is revealed by MOKE and, after ruby laser 25 ns pulse annealing, by Hall effect measurements.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A prototype for a quasi-cw, and high-average power free electron laser (FEL) driven by a 15 MeV superconducting rf linac has been developed, and constructed at Tokai, JAERI since 1989. Cryogenic and accelerating fields' performances of four JAERI superconducting accelerator modules have been realized without any serious problem in the FEL accelerator vault and experimental hall. Since modification and related maintenance of the cryogenic refrigerator system for the driver were completed in the middle of October 1995, the system has run with no trouble, and the driver has been continuously run very successfully up to now. The optical resonator system and related electron beam transport system have been modified to realize larger acceptance than the old for both of the undulator radiation and energetic electron beam in 1995 Japanese fiscal year. In the modification, an alignment and distance measurement system has been newly developed, and successfully applied to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The electrical resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetic susceptibility of single-crystal UPd[sub 2]Si[sub 2] have been studied between 4.2 and 300 K. A large anisotropy was observed in both the magnetic and transport properties. There is a quadratic temperature dependence of the resistivity for a range of temperatures between 4.2 and 80 K. At higher temperatures, the resistivity indicates a Kondo-type behavior. The behavior of these quantities is accounted for by the magnetic phase transitions at 108 and 136 K reported from neutron-scattering studies. At high temperatures, the magnetic susceptibility of UPd[sub 2]Si[sub 2] is Curie-Wiess-like along the [ital c] axis. The temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient above 108 K is accounted for by a theoretical model invoking skew scattering of conduction electrons by localized magnetic moments.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production and characterisation of thin films made from molybdenum sulphide, molybdenum selenide, tungsten sulphide and tungsten selenide are described. The electronic properties of the thin films were examined by Hall measurements and by thermal sensors. For the MoSe[sub 2] films, the majority of the samples were n-conducting and p-conduction was only found for a few examples. All the other films (MoS[sub 2], WS[sub 2], WSe[sub 2]) were p-conducting. The electrical transport properties of the thin films are comparable to those of single crystals. With these thin films as absorber materials, it was possible for the first time to produce the polycrystalline solid n-ZnO/p-MoSe[sub 2], n-ZnO/WSe[sub 2], n-ZnO/WS[sub 2]- and n-ITO/WS[sub 2] solar cells. In spite of not yet optimized diode geometry (lateral build-up), a maximum short circuit current of I[sub SC] = 18 mA/cm[sup 2] was achieved for the MoSe[sub 2] diode. (orig.)

Science.gov (United States)

Oxydes d'Uranium et de Plutonium. J. Nucl. Mat., vol. 33, no. 1, Oct. 1969, pp. 40-51. 21. Hall, A. R.: Elastic Moduli and Internal Friction of Some Uranium ...

Wastenet

...links ensure all of our managed accommodation is easily accessible to both campus sites and our special student arrangement makes travelling on the Metro rapid transit system easily affordable. Our halls are comfortable and they are very reasonable. Download the rents table here Rents 2009-2010 Students living in ...

Science.gov (United States)

on the picture will download the highest resolution version available. M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy Credit: 1.1 Meter Hall Telescope, Lowell Observatory, Bill Keel (U. Alabama)...

CERN Document Server

Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment is dedicated to measuring the last unobserved neutrino mixing angle theta_13. The predicted precision on sin^2(2theta_13) is 0.01 at 90% confidence level. This document briefly reviews the measurement method and detector construction status. The first two anti-neutrino detectors' dry run result is also discussed. The Daya Bay near hall data taking is expected to commence in the summer of 2011 and the data taking of all of the three halls in the summer of 2012.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

NiMnSb has attracted a great deal of interest as a spin injector/detector in spintronic devices because it has a Curie temperature of 728 K and is predicted to be half-metallic (100% spin polarized). NiMnSb has been reported to have greatly reduced surface polarization, and to lose its half metallicity above 80 K. Here we report the investigation of the surface polarisation and electronic structure of NiMnSb by measurement of the transport spin polarization using point contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy, and anomalous Hall effect in thin films on Si(0 0 1). A comparison to bulk properties is made.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present a systematic study of the magnetization, Hall effect and specific heat on single crystals of Mn{sub 4}Si{sub 7}. Curie-Weiss law is observed above 43 K. At low-temperature moments order in an anisotropic helical state and are aligned above 1 T. We observe an anomalous Hall effect in both {rho}{sub H} vs. B and in R{sub H} vs. T curves and a field dependence of the low T specific heat due to spin fluctuations. The magnetic moments (p{sub eff} and p{sub sat}) are the lowest reported for similar itinerant magnetic systems, this suggests that Mn{sub 4}Si{sub 7} is a good candidate to observe critical quantum fluctuations expected for a marginal Fermi liquid.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Virtual Compton Scattering o013 the proton has been studied at Q 2 -values of 1:0 and 1:9 (GeV=c) 2 in Hall A at the Thomas Je013erson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). Data were taken below and above the pion production threshold as well as in the resonance region. Results obtained below pion threshold at Q 2 = 1:0 (GeV=c) 2 are presented in this paper.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The spin-up problem of He II in a cylindrical container of infinite and finite height is considered on the basis of the Hall-Vinen-Bekarevich-Khalatnikov equations. The boundary conditions include the assumption of the generation of superfluid vorticity at the walls of the container. In the lowest order approximation with respect to viscosity, the problem is reduced to a Stefan problem for a single diffusion-type equation. Examples of solutions are given which show that the method used gives a good insight into the physical development of the spin-up flow.

CERN Document Server

It is well known that if one integrates a Schur function indexed by a partition $\\lambda$ over the symplectic (resp. orthogonal) group, the integral vanishes unless all parts of $\\lambda$ have even multiplicity (resp. all parts of $\\lambda$ are even). In a recent paper of Rains and Vazirani, Macdonald polynomial generalizations of these identities and several others were developed and proved using Hecke algebra techniques. However at $q=0$ (the Hall-Littlewood level), these approaches do not work, although one can obtain the results by taking the appropriate limit. In this paper, we develop a direct approach for dealing with this special case. This technique allows us to prove some identities that were not amenable to the Hecke algebra approach, as well as to explicitly control the nonzero values. Moreover, we are able to generalize some of the identities by introducing extra parameters. This leads us to a finite-dimensional analog of a recent result of Warnaar, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The liberalisation of the energy markets requires completely new demands to the information processing procedure of energy supply enterprises. These requirements are to be understood as chances for strengthening of the terms of competition. In the following contribution to this subject the actual status of the concept as converted by the Electricity Supply Company of Halle (Saale) including their departments of district heating, gas and electricity supply will be presented. This concept are comprising all experiences as gathered so far as well as intended further actions to be executed. (orig.) [German] Die Liberalisierung der Energiemaerkte stellt fuer Versorgungsunternehmen voellig neue Anforderungen an die Informationsverarbeitung. Diese Anforderungen sind als Chancen zur Staerkung der Wettbewerbsfaehigkeit zu verstehen. Die Verfasser erlaeutern den aktuellen Stand des in der EVH GmbH Halle (Saale) im Querverbund der Sparten Fernwaerme, Gas ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suppliers of systems and components for compressed air technique were shown at the Hanover Fair 94 in Hall 5. On about 6000 m{sup 2} floor area, they showed their product range, which covered the whole range of compressed air technique from compressors via equipment for providing and storing the compressed air to compressed air tools. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Anbieter von Systemen und Komponenten fuer die Drucklufttechnik waren auf der Hannover-Messe `94 in der Halle 5 zu finden. Dort zeigten sie auf rund 6000 m{sup 2} ihre Produktpalette, die von Kompressoren ueber die Geraete zum Aufbereiten und Speichern der Druckluft bis zu Druckluftwerkzeugen reichte und den gesamten Bereich der Drucklufttechnik abdeckte. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Since 1976 the Austrian Research Centre Seibersdorf has the task to collect, treat and store radioactive waste (Radwaste) arising in Austria. Within the Department of Waste Management a variety of appropriate treatment systems are installed. For storing unconditioned and conditioned waste proper storage-halls are available. The collection of Radwaste is carried out using 100 l drums, for the conditioned waste the 200 l drum concept is used. The interim storage of conditioned waste is done at Seibersdorf until a final repository is built. The present plan foresees one to be in operation at the year 2012. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper the diffusion of tritiated water vapor into concrete walls is studied to evaluate tritiated water retention capacity of a fusion reactor concrete building. Using a model of the tritiated water diffusion determined form experimental results, depth profiles of tritiated water in concrete are calculated in the case of being exposed to air containing tritiated water vapor during the normal operational condition of a fusion reactor. A 0.5-m-thick concrete is sufficient for reactor hall walls from a viewpoint of the tritium containment.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We made Basic designs of neutron guide, choppers, and detectors in order to optimize the design parameters of DC-TOF to be built in the HANARO Cold Neutron Guide Hall. In addition, we calculated the expected performance of DC-TOF using Monte Carlo simulations and evaluated the properties of neutron beam. Based on the results we obtained, we have compared the expected performance of the DC-TOF with those of existing instruments overseas. In conclusion, we believe that we will be able to construct the DC-TOF at HANARO as one of the best instruments of its kinds and it will become an invaluable instrument to researchers in the related field.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Most of all research reactors are immerged in the deep water pool to be a ultimate heat sink. At the neighbor of the reactor, some radio-active matters, such as Na-24, Ar-41, Mg-27, Al-28 and etc, may be generated by the neutron irradiation. Those radio-active isotopes may rise up to the pool water surface through the natural convection flow, which can make the radioactivity in the reactor hall rise high enough to concern about the health of people working in the reactor hall. When the irradiation test facilities are loaded or unloaded during a normal operation, the highly radio-activated primary coolant may flow out through the irradiation test holes on the top of the reactor. This also may be a main hazard source to make the working environment of the reactor hall bad. Making a hot water layer 1.5 ? 2.0 m thick at the top of reactor pool would be a good measure to resolve that problem. The hot water layer is formed by a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Conductivity and Hall effect measurements were made in dark and IR-photoexcited p-type ZnTe samples between 77 and 300 K. Acceptor vacancy complexes of activation energies 0.09-0.1 eV were found to be present in the photoexcited samples. Different possible scattering mobilities were considered for both samples to explain the observed hole mobility. In the photoexcited sample a scattering mobility due to vacancy complexes was suggested for the first time to explain the results. The scattering centres were associated with native vacancy complexes segregated at the dislocations sites. The expression for the complex scattering mobility has been deduced using the curve fitting method to be {mu}{sub C}=(6.6x10{sup -11})T{sup 5} e{sup 725/T}. (orig.).

Science.gov (United States)

Cadmium telluride single crystals were grown heavily doped with chloride by the THM method. The resulting crystals were n-type with free carrier concentrations of the order of 10('12)/cm at room temperature. Hall effect studies revealed room temperature mobilities between 30 and 350 cm('2)/v-sec and resistivites between 2 x 10('3) and 10('4) ohm-cm. Studies were made of the gamma and alpha counting characteristics of these crystals with metal, metal-semiconductor, and metal-insulator electrodes. It was found that the MIS and MSS structures resulted in significant improvement over the MS structures in counting, signal-to-noise and energy resolution.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Given the widely accepted notion of whole person education in Confucian societies such as Hong Kong, Mainland China and Singapore, it is surprising that research literature originated in these societies pays little attention to how students learn and develop through out-of-class experiences at university. There is little research evidence on how the prevailing culture among student social communities (residential halls and student societies/clubs) influences students? social involvement and development. This paper examines 42 Chinese students? social experiences and development during their freshman year at a Hong Kong university. The majority of them were intensively involved in out-of-class activities. Their active social involvement was both a response to the culture of student communit...

CERN Document Server

We study 1-loop effects for massless Dirac fields in two spatial dimensions, coupled to homogeneous electromagnetic backgrounds, both at zero and at finite temperature and density. In the case of a purely magnetic field, we analyze the relationship between the invariance of the theory under large gauge transformations, the appearance of Chern-Simons terms and of different Berry's phases. In the case of a purely electric background field, we show that the effective Lagrangian is independent of the chemical potential and of the temperature. More interesting: we show that the minimal conductivity, as predicted by the quantum field theory, is the right multiple of the conductivity quantum and is, thus, consistent with the value measured for graphene, with no extra factor of pi in the denominator.

CERN Document Server

We study dipolar bosons in a 1D optical lattice and identify a region in parameter space---strong coupling but relatively weak on-site repulsion---hosting a series of stable CDW states whose low-energy excitations, built from "fractional domain walls", are remarkably similar to those of non-abelian fractional quantum Hall states. Here, a conventional domain wall between translated CDW's may split by inserting strings of degenerate, but inequivalent, CDW states. Outside these insulating regions, we find numerous supersolids as well as a superfluid regime. The mentioned phases should be accessible experimentally, and in particular, the fractional domain walls can be created in the ground state using single-site addressing, i.e. by locally changing the chemical potential.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The shape and magnitude of the electrical resistivity [rho]([ital T]) is analyzed for four intermetallic compounds, and electron-phonon coupling constants [lambda] are extracted. ReO[sub 3] is particularly interesting because a sharp departure from the Bloch-Grueneisen shape can be attributed to high-frequency optical vibrations. The [lambda] values for the oxide metals seem too large to be consistent with the absence of superconductivity, but the results generally agree well with a conventional Fermi-liquid interpretation. The Hall coefficient [ital R][sub [ital H

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Advanced Neutron Source will be a new world-class facility for research using hot, thermal, cold, and ultra-cold neutrons. The heart of the facility will be a 330-MW (fission), heavy-water cooled and heavy-water moderated reactor. The reactor will be housed in a central reactor building, with supporting equipment located in an adjoining reactor support building. An array of cold neutron guides will fan out into a large guide hall, housing about 30 neutron research stations. Appropriate office, laboratory, and shop facilities will be included to provide a complete facility for users. The ANS is scheduled to begin operation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory early in the next decade. This PDR document defines the plant-level requirements for the design, construction, and operation of ANS. It also defines and provides input to the individual System Design Description (SDD) documents. Together, this PDR document and the set of SDD documents will define and ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

... INTERMEDIATE TO THE CENTRALIZERS IS A SENSING SECTION COMPRISED OF MULTIPLE EDDY CURRENT PROBES ON FLEXIBLE ...

Science.gov (United States)

Si and Si/P ion implantation doping of In{sub 0.5}Ga{sub 0.5}P and In{sub 0.5}Al{sub 0.5}P has been studied for several Si and P doses at energies of 90 and 100 keV, respectively. For single Si implants in InGaP a maximum Hall sheet electron concentration of 1.33{times}10{sup 13} cm{sup {minus}2} is achieved for a Si dose of 5{times}10{sup 13} cm{sup {minus}2}. When an optimum dose (2.5{times}10{sup 13} cm{sup {minus}2}) P coimplant is performed this electron concentration is increased by 65{percent}. The same dose Si implants in InAlP show a maximum effective activation of 3.9{percent} with no P coimplantation and 5.2{percent} with a P-implant dose 1.5 times the silicon dose. The apparent donor ionization energies are estimated from variable temperature Hall measurements to be 2{endash}5 meV for InGaP and {approximately}80 meV for InAlP. The deeper level in InAlP is attributed to the DX level found in the Al-containing material. The reduction ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADD344580. Title : SQUID Eddy Current Technique Applying Conformable Eddy Current Probes,. Corporate Author : ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

CERN Document Server

We point out that electromagnetic one-way edge modes analogous to quantum Hall edge states, originally predicted by Raghu and Haldane in 2D gyroelectric photonic crystals possessing Dirac point-derived bandgaps, can appear in more general settings. In particular, we show that the TM modes in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal can be formally mapped to electronic wavefunctions in a periodic electromagnetic field, so that the only requirement for the existence of one-way edge modes is that the Chern number for all bands below a gap is non-zero. In a square-lattice gyromagnetic Yttrium-Iron-Garnet photonic crystal operating at microwave frequencies, which lacks Dirac points, time-reversal breaking is strong enough that the effect should be easily observable. For realistic material parameters, the edge modes occupy a 10% band gap. Numerical simulations of a one-way waveguide incorporating this crystal show 100% transmission across strong defects, such as perfect ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Microstructure and texture evolution in the AZ31 Mg alloy subject to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) have been investigated and correlated with the mechanical properties. When AZ31 Mg alloy was ECAPed up to 8 passes following the route B{sub c}, grain refinement occurred effectively. Texture was also changed during ECAP. The original fiber texture of the extruded AZ31 Mg alloy changed to a new texture component of (01 anti 11)[5 anti 2 anti 3 anti 1], and the texture of (01 anti 11)[5 anti 2 anti 3 anti 1] orientation was rotated to (13 anti 46)[7 anti 5 anti 20] orientation after 6-pass ECAP process. The variation of the strength with the pass number was explained by the texture and grain size. The strength data of AZ31 Mg alloys followed the standard Hall-Petch relationship when the similar texture was retained during the ECAP process. Otherwise the effect of texture on strength was dominant over the strengthening due to grain refinement. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two types of switched electrode electronics beam position monitors are in use at Jefferson Lab. Together they provide accurate beam position to the control system for beam intensities between 50 nA and 2 mA. One version, called the linac style, has a switching frequency of 125 kHz. The other, called the transport type, has a switching frequency of 7 kHz. The basic system provides information to the control system at a 1 Hz update rate. The systems are regularly used to measure the AC component of beam position and energy as well as suppress this motion as part of a fast feedback system. Position data produced by the system are also acquired on an event by event basis as part of the nuclear physics program in two of the experimental halls. This paper will focus on the AC characteristics of the system. These characteristics are affected by analog filter frequencies and a time delay between the measurement of the positive electrode signal and the negative electrode ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Advanced Neutron Source will be a new world-class facility for research using hot, thermal, cold, and ultra-cold neutrons. The heart of the facility will be a 330-MW (fission), heavy-water cooled and heavy-water moderated reactor. The reactor will be housed in a central reactor building, with supporting equipment located in an adjoining reactor support building. An array of cold neutron guides will fan out into a large guide hall, housing about 30 neutron research stations. Appropriate office, laboratory, and shop facilities will be included to provide a complete facility for users. The ANS is scheduled to begin operation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory early in the next decade. This PDR document defines the plant-level requirements for the design, construction, and operation of ANS. It also defines and provides input to the individual System Design Description (SDD) documents. Together, this PDR document and the set of SDD documents will define and ...

CERN Document Server

A reactor-neutrino experiment, Daya Bay, has been proposed to determine the least-known neutrino mixing angle theta_13 using electron antineutrinos produced at the Daya Bay nuclear power complex in China. Daya Bay is an international collaboration with institutions from China, the United States, the Czech Republic, Hong Kong, Russia, and Taiwan. The experiment will use eight identical detectors deployed at three different locations optimized for monitoring the antineutrino rates from the six reactors and for detecting any rate deficit and spectral distortion near the first oscillation maximum. The overburden of the under ground experimental halls, connected with tunnels, ranges from about 250 to 900 meters-water-equivalent so that the cosmogenic background is small compared to the number of observed antineutrino events. Civil construction of tunnels and experimental facilities is planned to start in 2007, with detector construction beginning in 2008. The experiment ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADD321199. Title : OPTIMIZATION OF EDDY CURRENT PROBES FOR NDT OF CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... HARDENED CUP AND CARBURIZED AND HARDENED CORES HAVE BEEN PROFILED USING 2 TYPES OF EDDY CURRENT PROBES. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... ADA185428. Title : Combustible Cartridge Cases, an Account of the Current Technology and Proposals for Future Development. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

6 mm diameter current leads made of M1, M3 copper and L62 brass are tested for extension of operation range of current leads supplying superconducting devices submerged into the cryostat. Data characterizing the effect of material purity on lead superheating are obtained. A theoretical model permitting to obtain analytical dependences for calculating the current lead maximum temperature is proposed and the possibility of its decrease by increasing current lead diameter in the hot part is considered.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A novel soft commutated direct current (DC) motor is introduced. The current of the commutated coil is intentionally drained before the brush disconnects the coil. This prevents the spark generation that normally occurs in conventional DC motors. A similar principle can be applied for DC generators.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The effects of an electric current on ethylene biosynthesis were investigated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit that were producing almost no ethylene. Direct currents at 0.5...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... These assumptions are quantitatively investigated by calculating tie icldti\\e inportance of ... A modified lon-shore current model is used to study the ...

Science.gov (United States)

... the high current induction linear accelerator of the nanosecond range, meant to be used as injector in the collective ion accelerator, are presented. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... A few applications, such as magnetic forming and levitation, have exploited the dynamic force pro- ducing capability of eddy currents. ...

CERN Document Server

Development of High Field Dipole and High Current Pulse Power Supply for Compact Proton Synchrotron

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADD331250. Title : Characterizing Differential Air-Core Eddy Current Probes. Corporate Author : Personal ...

Science.gov (United States)

... of this material is, however, outside the currently approved earth fill materials collection area ... fill material suitable for its intended use. The currently approved site contains material that is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The thermodynamic aspects of indium-face InN growth by radio frequency plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (rf-MBE) and the nucleation of InN on gallium-face GaN (0001) surface were investigated. The rates of InN decomposition and indium desorption from the surface were measured in situ using reflected high-energy electron diffraction and the rf-MBE 'growth window' of In-face InN (0001) was identified. It is shown that sustainable growth can be achieved only when the arrival rate of active nitrogen species on the surface is higher than the arrival rate of indium atoms. The maximum substrate temperature permitting InN growth as a function of the active nitrogen flux was determined. The growth mode of InN on Ga-face GaN (0001) surface was investigated by reflected high-energy electron diffraction and atomic force microscopy. It was found to be of the Volmer-Weber-type for substrate temperatures less than 350 deg. C and of the Stranski-Krastanov for substrate temperatures between 350 ...

Science.gov (United States)

The thermal evolution predicted by current models of the superfluid-crust interaction is noted to

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

... 4 Joint Committee on Atomic Energy as a Model . . . . . ... Joint Committee on Atomic Energy as a Model ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This is the first volume in a series of books to be published by Prentice Hall on Environmental and Intelligent Manufacturing Systems. The editors have assembled an interdisciplinary collection of authors from industry, government, and academia, that provide a broad range of expertise on robotics and remote systems. Readily accessible to practicing engineers, the book provides case studies and introduces new technology applicable to remote operations in unstructured and/or hazardous environments. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the US Environmental Protection Agency's efforts to apply robotic technology to assist in the operations at hazardous waste sites. The next chapter focuses on the theory and implementation of robust impedance control for robotic manipulators. Chapter 3 presents a discussion on the integration of failure tolerance into robotic systems. The next two chapters address the issue of sensory feedback and its indispensable role in remote and/or ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper reports on the results of a study of the synthesis conditions effects on magnetic and transport properties of nanosized layers of high-T{sub c} diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS), such as Ge:Mn, Si:Mn and Si:Fe, fabricated by laser-plasma deposition over a wide range of the growth temperature, T{sub g}=(20-550) deg. C on single-crystal GaAs or Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} substrates. Ferromagnetism of the layers was detected by measurement data of the magneto-optical Kerr effect, anomalous Hall effect, negative magnetoresistance and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) at 5-500 K. The optimum growth temperature, T{sub g}, for Si:Mn/GaAs layers with T{sub c}{approx}400 K is shown to be about 400 deg. C. The Si:Mn/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} layers with 35% of Mn have the metal-type of conductivity with manifestation of magnetization up to room temperature. Different types of uniformly doped structures and digital alloys have been investigated. In contrast to GaSb:Mn films, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jlab experiment E01-011, carried out in 2005 in JLab Hall C, is the second generation of the hypernuclear spectroscopy experiments by the (e,e{prime}K{sup +}) reaction. The (e,e{prime}K{sup +}) reaction is complimentary to the associated production reactions (K{sup -},{pi}{sup -}), ({pi}{sup +},K{sup +}) since, due to a larger momentum transfer to a hyperon, excitations of both spin-non-flip and spin-flip states are possible. The experiment uses high quality and continuous primary electron beam to produce neutron rich hypernuclei on various targets by the electroproduction. The experimental setup consists of splitter magnet, high resolution kaon spectrometer (HKS) and electron spectrometer (Enge) implemented in new configuration, the so called 'Tilt Method'. Production data was taken on multiple targets: CH{sub 2}, {sup 6}Li, {sup 7}Li, {sup 9}Be, {sup 10}B, {sup 12}C and {sup 28}Si. In present study the analysis of CH{sub 2}, {sup 12}C and {sup ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A working visit was made to the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Tsukuba, Japan, during the time periods May 16, 1988--June 15, 1988 for the purposes of further evaluation of the high intensity plasma sputter negative ion source and to test the response of the University of Tsukuba 13-MV tandem accelerator to mA intensity level pulsed mode heavy negative ion beams. During the visit, the traveler worked in collaboration with Japanese scientists in installing and testing of the source on the University of Tsukuba tandem electrostatic accelerator injector. During the course of preliminary testing of the ion source and prior to actual injection into the accelerator, sparking began in one or more tube sections, which ultimately led to the decision to replace the damaged tube sections. This problem led to postponement of the scheduled tandem accelerator tests. The traveler attended the Seventh International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology held in the International ...

CERN Document Server

New non-stationary non-contracted form of the erosive radially-slotted discharge as a thin round sheet with the current of the azimuth direction have been discovered, its existence beings stipulated by a radial transport-wave fluxes. Characteristic features of this discharge is self-confinement of the discharge current magnitude, corresponding decrease of the current pulse duration and occurrence of an energy and substance ejection with rather unusual properties. Measurements of kinetics of the discharge current, the plasma radiation intensity and an electrical probe signal, as well as the transmission electron microscope investigations of characteristic aerodisperse aggregates arising the erosive phase, have been carried out. The probe signal duration was about 10 times greater than that of the current; its kinetics was complicated suggesting existence in the slot of two components ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Methods of algebraic quantum field theory are used to classify all field- and observable algebras, whose common germ is the U(1)-current algebra. An elementary way is described to compute characters of such algebras. It exploits the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition for Gibbs states. (orig.).

Science.gov (United States)

This paper examines the current military working dogs (MWD) program, its historical roots, and the possibility for expansion of the program. Current service MWD programs will be discussed, as well as possible models for change. The primary focus is on the...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The automatic real-time system operating at the LU-10 linac and providing measurements of the parameters such as the beam current (average and pulse values), the electron energy, the linear density distribution of beam current, and also the conveyor speed is described in the paper.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Recent topics in the theoretical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) analysis in the heliotron configuration are overviewed. Particularly, properties of three-dimensional equilibria, stability boundary of the interchange mode, effects of the net toroidal current including the bootstrap current and the ballooning mode stability are focused. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electron spin resonance spectroscopy can provide a powerful approach to the study of radiation effects in biological materials. This memorandum gives an overview of current and future research. (author).

Science.gov (United States)

Nov 14, 2009 ... Ring Current electrons from the Fok Ring Current Model are computed using plasma and magnetic field values from the SWMF magnetosphere ...

Science.gov (United States)

The past decade has seen the development of eddy current probes for inspection of the mildly ferro-magnetic alloy Monel 400. Due to the rapid advances in permanent magnet technology similar probes have been upgraded to magnetically saturate, and hence ins...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is urged that the lesson of gauge invariance in quantum electrodynamics implies the irrelevance of `Schwinger term` difficulties in current algebra. The divergence equations of Veltman form the basis of a gauge-variation formalism in which these questions are avoided. (author). 9 refs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Single-channel currents from acetylcholine receptor channels of garter snake neuromuscular junctions were recorded using the patch-clamp technique. Low concentrations of acetylcholine or carbamylcholine...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the early sixties it was decided to investigate salt formations on its suitability to host heat generating radioactive waste in Germany. In the reference repository concept consequently the emplacement of vitrified waste canisters in deep vertical boreholes inside a salt mine was considered whereas spent fuel should be disposed of in self shielding casks (type POLLUX) in horizontal drifts. The POLLUX casks, 65 t heavy carbon steel casks, will be laid down on the floor of a horizontal drift in one of the disposal zones to be constructed in the salt dome at the 870 m level. The space between casks and drift walls will be backfilled with crushed salt. The transport, the handling und the emplacement of POLLUX casks were subject of successfully performed demonstration and in situ tests in the nineties and resulted in an adjustment of the atomic law. The borehole disposal concept comprises the emplacement of unshielded canisters with vitrified HLW in boreholes with a diameter of 60 cm and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper reports on the electron current to a Langmuir probe in a moving high-pressure plasma. The plasma is an atmospheric-pressure propane flame, and the probe's speed relative to the plasma is varied from 10 to 30 ms"-"1. The current is linearly dependent on the speed and appears to be comprised of two components - one driven by diffusion and the other by convection. A model is devised which can be used to measure the electron density. By comparing the density computed from this model to that measured from the ion current, it has been possible to measure the electron mobility in the flame gases. The value obtained here is in good agreement with theoretical calculations found in the literature.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Rare-earth oxides are doped into ZnO varistors as grain growth inhibitors for increasing the varistors' voltage gradients. However, their leakage currents become large and their nonlinear coefficients decrease at the same time. The reasonable explanation for such a phenomenon has not yet been available. In this paper, the temperature dependences of varistor samples' leakage currents are investigated, which reveal that the increased leakage currents of ZnO varistors with Y2O3 doping are mainly due to the bypass paths through the intergranular materials at grain corners.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper described the application of an AC surface probe, similar to presently used eddy current probes, to the measurement of DC transport critical currents and critical state dissipation in high T_c superconductors. It has been shown that the probe can provide quantitative measurement of the full field penetration in superconducting samples by measuring the response of AC induced screening currents for superconducting materials in the form of tapes with overlayers of silver. In this manner, the AC probe can be used to replace the contact DC probe for determining critical currents in a noncontacting and local manner suitable for scanning over or along the sample.

Science.gov (United States)

... If the terminal classes were to be information sources ... current credibility of inputs by classes of terminals; the most ... the stochastic queue lengths. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Union (INTAS), Brussels (Belgium) Science and Technology Center in Unkraine,

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

High-current implantation of Cu{sup {minus}} ions into silica glasses has been demonstrated using mA-class negative ion beams at 60 keV. Negative ion implantation has an advantage to alleviate specimen charging for insulating substrates and has attained high dose rates, up to 260 {micro}A/cm{sup 2}. Spherical Cu colloids form in the silica glasses without additional thermal annealing. Optical absorption and reflection of the implanted specimens vary with the current density, even at a fixed dose level. A beam-induced surface plasma may affect the high current implantation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two mesoscopic SQUID rings which are far from each other are considered. A source of two-mode nonclassical microwaves irradiates the two rings with correlated photons. The Josephson currents are in this case quantum mechanical operators, and their expectation values with respect to the density matrix of the microwaves yield the experimentally observed currents. Classically correlated (separable) and quantum mechanically correlated (entangled) microwaves are considered, and their effect on the Josephson currents is quantified. Results for two different examples that involve microwaves in number states and coherent states are derived. It is shown that the quantum statistics of the tunnelling electron pairs through the Josephson junctions in the two rings are correlated.

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADD323869. Title : EFFECTS OF SHIELDING ON PROPERTIES OF EDDY CURRENT PROBES WITH FERRITE CUP CORES. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... The combustible cartridge cases currently used by the USArmy in fielded system- are manufactured by two distinct processes. ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Space Telescope is currently planned for launch in 2014. Tomorrow's picture: galactic whirlpool ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The experimental superconducting magnetic system of 0.5 MJ energy storage is described. The step variation of the winding inductance provides a control by the discharge current at the energy output on a high-ohmic load. The voltage on a load is 45 kV at the current 1100 A under the controllable discharge conditions. The energy transfer coefficient constitutes 0,76 under the maximum-to-minimal current ratio equal to 1.3. 7 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

CERN Document Server

We show that on any abelian scheme over a complex quasi-projective smooth variety, there is a Green current for the zero-section, which is axiomatically determined up to $\\partial$ and $\\bar\\partial$-exact differential forms. This current generalizes the Siegel functions defined on elliptic curves. We prove generalizations of classical properties of Siegel functions, like distribution relations, limit formulae and reciprocity laws.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Transit time, the time from bridgewire burst until breakout of detonation from the output pellet of an exploding bridgewire detonator, was measured as a function of burst current. From this data, in conjunction with known equations for run distance versus pressure, unreacted explosive Hugoniots, and detonation properties of the initial pressing pellet, the run distance in the initial pressing explosive pellet and shock pressure from the exploding bridgewire were determined, both as a function of burst current.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nondestructive inspection of carbon fibre-reinforced plastics (CRFP) using eddy current methods is based not only on the conductivity of the fibres. High frequencies (up to 10 MHz) give access to capacitive effects reflecting properties of the matrix. The paper presents a method using rotating eddy current probes to measure the anisotropic electrical properties. Potential applications of this method are the structural identification of laminates and the estimating of its degradation. (orig.)

Science.gov (United States)

This current awareness bulletin announces on a semimonthly basis the current worldwide information entered into the Energy Data Base on all aspects of direct energy conversion. Categories include photovoltaic conversion, magnetohydrodynamic generators, electrohydrodynamic generators, thermoelectric generators, thermionic converters, fuel cells, and miscellaneous converters. An abstract is inclluded with each citation. (WHK)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A general expression for the current-density distribution of a focused-ion beam (FIB) in the chromatic-aberration region is set up in the form of a definite integral. With the experimentally obtained ion-energy distribution of a liquid-metal ion source, its contribution to the FIB current-density distribution is estimated. Calculated results explain the wide-exponential tail of a FIB.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A simple and continuous model for the on-state current of polysilicon thin-film transistors, suitable for implementation in circuit simulators, is presented. The model includes the potential barrier at the grain boundaries, the channel length modulation and the excess current due to impact ionization. Comparison between measured output characteristics and the model shows excellent agreement over wide range of bias voltages and for devices with different gate lengths.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper evaluates the electric current terms from the longitudinal gradient of the longitudinal electric field in Bipolar Field-Effect-Transistors (BiFETs) with a pure base and two MOS gates operating in the unipolar (electron) current mode. These nMOS-BiFETs, known as nMOS-FinFETs, usually have electrically short channels compared with their intrinsic Debye length of about 25 #mu#m at room temperatures. These longitudinal electric current terms are important short-channel current components, which have been neglected in the computation of the long-channel electrical characteristics. This paper shows that the long-channel electrical characteristics are substantially modified by the longitudinal electrical current terms when the physical channel length is less than 100 nm.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper addresses known limitations and constraints in eddy current nondestructive testing. Incomplete appreciation for eddy current limitations is believed to have contributed to both under-utilization and misapplication of the technique. Neither situation need arise if known limitations are recognized. Some, such as the skin depth effect, are inherent to electromagnetic test methods and define the role of eddy current testing. Others can be overcome with available technology such as surface probes to find circumferential cracks in tubes and magnetic saturation of ferromagnetic alloys to eliminate permeability effects. The variables responsible for limitations in eddy current testing are discussed and where alternative approaches exist, these are presented. Areas with potential for further research and development are also identified.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Particle simulation studies of collisionless driven reconnection in an open system are presented. Collisionless reconnection evolves in two steps in accordance with the formation of two current layers, i.e., an ion current layer in the early ion phase and an electron current layer in the late electron phase. After the electron current layer is formed inside the ion current layer, the system relaxes gradually to a steady state when convergent plasma flow is driven by an external electric field with a narrow input window. On the other hand, when the convergent plasma flow is driven from the wide input window, magnetic reconnection takes place in an intermittent manner, due to the frequent formation of magnetic islands in the vicinity of neutral sheet. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The 3-D model program was developed to apply a mise-a-la-masse method to linear current sources with optional shapes. Mise-a-la-masse method is a bipolar mapping survey method using current sources installed in wells, and recently has been widely used for direct exploration of geothermal reservoirs. This method is also used for monitoring underground fluid as electrode arrangement of fluid flow tomography for surveying underground fluid (geothermal fluid, underground water, petroleum). In the geothermal reservoir exploration, the casing pipes of wells are used as linear current sources, and measured data are processed as those based on vertical current source. In the largely inclined well, the inclination of current sources should be considered. The 3-D modeling program was developed by difference calculus using the theoretical potential equation and apparent resistivity based on ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new model for short-range isoscalar current in the deuteron and NN system is developed and tested on a variety of isoscalar magnetic observables such as the deuteron magnetic moment, magnetic form factor, and the circular polarization of photons at n"#->#p radiative capture at thermal neutron energies. The model for electromagnetic two-nucleon current proposed in the paper is based on generation of an intermediate dibaryon in the short-range NN interaction. This intermediate dibaryon, in turn, is treated within the new model for intermediate and short-range NN interaction recently proposed by the present authors. The transition current model developed here satisfies the current conservation relation by the construction. Our calculations have demonstrated that the new current model, using only one parameter (with a clear physical meaning), is able to describe, in very good ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The gel electrolyte for the zinc-air cell was prepared by mixing hydroponics gel with a 6M potassium hydroxide aqueous solution. The self-discharge of cells was characterized by measuring the open-circuit voltage. The effect of a discharge rate of 50mA constant current on cell voltage and plateau hour, as well as the voltage-current and current density-power density were measured and analysed. The electrode degradation after discharge cycling was characterized by structural and surface methods. The oxidation of the electrode surface further blocked the utilization of the Zn anode and was identified as a cause for the failure of the cell. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A transient eddy current measurement method is presented to determine the thickness and conductivity of a conductive plate. The conductive plate is induced by an air-cored coil, the magnetic flux density along the axial is measured and the various signals corresponding to plates with different thickness and conductivity are calculated using a 3D transient eddy current simulator. Characteristic features are obtained from the transient response. A similarity-based modeling method is utilized in this study to estimate the thickness and conductivity of the conductive plate. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A weak shift of the isotope concentration ratio Li{sup 6}/Li{sup 7} was measured in the coexisting phases of the miscibility gap of lithium-ammonia solutions. Li{sup 6} is slightly enriched in the concentrated metallic phase (enrichment factor {alpha} = 1.009 {+-} 0.002). This effect can be enhanced in a counter-current column to yield any desired enrichment of the two isotopes. The counter current system and its operation were tested succesfully with a sodium-potassium-ammonia solution.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The thermal evolution predicted by current models of the superfluid-crust interaction is noted to differ substantially from the thermal evolution predicted by models without internal heating as well as previous models of heating. Heating rates approaching the maximum predicted by current models enhance the photon luminosity of the star in the neutrino cooling era, and dramatically alter the thermal evolution in the photon cooling era. Standard cooling models are consistent with current pulsar temperature estimates and upper limits, except those for the Vela pulsar, which are lower than predicted. 77 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An electrostatic beam steering mechanism (ESM) has been designed and tested to deflect negative ion beams consisting of multi-beamlets. A steering angle of 10 mrad was obtained within the deviation of less than 1 mrad by biasing two electrodes at 0.5 kV and -0.75 kV for 120 keV H{sup -} ion beam. The current flowing to the positive electrode was no more than 10% of the beam current at a pressure of 2.8x10{sup -5} Torr. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To maintain quality, performance and competitiveness, the eddy current losses in metal parts of power transformers in the range of 50-200 MVA are investigated in a more detailed form. The finite element calculations utilize different modelling strategies for the current carrying metal parts. Several global and local results are further used to obtain simplified calculation approaches for an inclusion in the initial design and the design optimization. The results from two finite element approaches using nodal and edge based formulations will be compared with measurements. (Author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Some comments are given on the recycling of waste, mainly plastics, as evaluated from the viewpoint of energy environment. Discussed about the waste in general are the definition and classification, generation and resource recovery rates, current state of recycling, problems about recycling, related legislation, and current conditions overseas. Discussed about the treatment and recycling of plastics waste are the characters and use of plastic product, current state of waste plastics treatment, current state of waste plastics recycling (material recycling, thermal recycling), energy recovery by thermal recycling, quantity recyclable from waste plastics, energy consumption and cost for waste plastics recycling, effect and impact of increase in waste plastics in case material recycling is forwarded, and prospect of waste plastics recycling. 11 figs., 10 tabs.

Science.gov (United States)

The results of this research centered on the experimental studies of a single superconducting persistent current qubit, the implementation of type-II algorithms using these qubits, and the proposal for adiabatic quantum computing using these qubits. The m...

Science.gov (United States)

... 4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paper-work ... link coverage areas, so it is possible to receive your own ... mestic Ku-band satellite. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rapid growth in implant applications in the fabrication of semiconductors has encouraged a dramatic increase in the range of energies, beam currents and ion species used. The challenges of a wider energy range, higher beam currents, continued reduction in contamination, improved angle integrity and larger substrates have motivated the development of many innovations. Advanced processes in submicron device production uses up to twenty implantation steps. Thus the outstanding growth of this industry has led to the evolution of a thriving business of hundreds of implantation equipment systems each year with very specific requirements. The present paper reviews the principal process requirements which resulted in the evolution of the equipment technology, and describes the recent trends in the ion implanter technology all three principal categories: high current, medium current and high energy. (author)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Spatial epidemiology is the description and analysis of geographic variations in disease with respect to demographic, environmental, behavioral, socioeconomic, genetic, and infectious risk factors....Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

This paper summarizes the main features of four current REDD proposals: Compensated Reduction, Papua New Guinea et al; Joint Research Center; and Brazil. ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

... current and cancelled), Joint Staff and other US Military (ie, Army, Navy, Air ... Title : RECTAL TEMPERATURE OF THE WORKING SLED DOG. ...

Science.gov (United States)

may experience difficulty opening the Facebook page due to current HHS policy and network security that blocks access to the site. Site Map - Contact Us - Linking to USPHS.gov -...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

With steam generator check testing, the numerous types of defect not only have to be detected reliably but also to be identified correctly and classified according to depth. A priori, no signals are provided by the physical eddy-current mechanism, i.e. the disturbance of an excited eddy-current field by a defect, which will allow unambiguous identification and classification of the defects. The task, therefore, consists in designing the eddy-current method in terms of measurement technology in such a way as to obtain useful detection, identification and classification by a translation of the signals as simple and as save as possible. Internal through-flow wils and internal rotating probes were examined for their suitability to fulfill this three-pronged task with steam generator inspection.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We show that, for the high electron currents used in present-day free-electron lasers, spontaneous radiation is distributed according to thermal statistics.

Science.gov (United States)

Sep 1, 2011 ... 2005. Computer simulation modeling of recreation use: current status, case studies, and future directions. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-143. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

At the occasion of the OECS conference in Madrid, we give a succinct account of some recent predictions in the spectroscopy of a quantum dot in a microcavity that remain to be observed experimentally, sometimes within the reach of the current state of the art.

Science.gov (United States)

It should be noted that computer -grade aluminum electrolytic capacitors. In order to limit the ripple in the source current to 270 (RMS) when the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A laser beam apparatus and method for analyzing, inter alia, the current versus voltage curve at the point of illumination on a solar cell and the open circuit voltage of a solar cell. The apparatus incorporates a lock-in amplifier, and a laser beam light chopper which permits the measurement of the AC current of the solar cell at an applied DC voltage at the position on the solar cell where the cell is illuminated and a feedback scheme which permits the direct scanning measurements of the open circuit voltage. The accuracy of the measurement is a function of the intensity and wavelength of the laser light with respect to the intensity and wavelength distribution of sunlight and the percentage the dark current is at the open circuit voltage to the short circuit current of the solar cell.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There is no abstract currently available for this item

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Objective:The present study describes the effect of nebivolol (NBV) either alone or in combination with lamotrigine (LTG) using increasing current electroshock seizures...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Hypercalcitoninemia has frequently been reported as a marker for medullary thyroid carcinoma. Currently, calcitonin measurements are mostly useful in the evaluation of tumor size and progression, and...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

People assess the quality of the air indoors primarily on the basis of its odors and on their perception of associated health risk. The major current contributors to indoor odorants are human occupant...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Summary brochure of GeoPowering the West (GPW) activities, and areas of technology transfer and market transformation. It also provides current contact information for key DOE and national laboratory staff representing the GPW program.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Improving employees' posture may decrease the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The current paper is a systematic replication and extension of Sigurdsson...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Nowadays it is accepted that natural flavonoids present in fruits and plant-derived-foods are relevant, not only for technological reasons and organoleptic properties, but also because of their potential...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The management of risks of explosives are described. Administrative and procedural controls are considered. The safety management plan involves hazard identification, risk analysis, assessment and control. The current position of explosives safety is considered. 4 tabs.

Science.gov (United States)

... Abstract : The United States Air Force (USAF) currently operates the Milstar satellite system to provide Military Satellite Communication Systems ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A brief summary of the theory and experiments on electron- cyclotron heating and current drive is presented. The general relativistic formulation of wave propagation and linear absorption is considered in some detail. The O-mode and the X-mode for normal and oblique propagation are investigated and illustrated by several examples. The experimental verification of the theory in T-10 and D- III-D is briefly discussed. Quasilinear evolution of the momentum distribution and related applications as, for instance, non linear wave, damping and current drive, are also considered for special cases of wave frequencies, polarization and propagation. In the concluding section we present the general formulation of the wave damping and current drive in the absence of electron trapping for arbitrary values of the wave frequency. (Author) 13 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The drift-kink instability in field-reversed configurations with a beam component is investigated by means of a three-dimensional particle simulation. The unstable mode with the toroidal mode number n=4 grows with the rate {gamma} {approx} 0.1 - 1.0{omega}{sub ci} for a strong beam current and deforms the plasma profile along the beam orbit in the vicinity of the field-null line. This mode is nonlinearly saturated as a result of the relaxation of current profile. Both the saturation level and the growth rate tend to increase as the ratio of the beam current to the plasma current I{sub b}/I{sub p} increases. It is also found that there is a threshold value of the beam velocity {upsilon}{sub b} {approx} {upsilon}{sub Ti} (ion thermal velocity) for the excitation of the instability. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

Integration of Eddy Current probes with MAUS scanning system has been demonstrated to produce scan rates of 36 sqft/hour. System will be designed to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The heating and current drive systems are being developed to support long pulse, high #beta#, advanced tokamak fusion physics experiments in the KSTAR tokamak. The heating and current drive systems consisting of neutral beam injection (NBI), ion cyclotron waves (ICRF), lower hybrid waves (LHCD) and electron cyclotron waves (ECH/ECCD) have been designed to operate for pulse lengths up to 300 sec and to provide a range of control functions including current drive and profile control. Development of key technologies for high power, long pulse operation has been on going. Substantial progress has been made on areas such as RF launchers, ion source, and high power supplies.

Science.gov (United States)

Current models of DNA repair of biological damage are reviewed correlating the similarity between carcinogenesis and mutagenesis theories. (PCS)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Whether or not a current account deficit sustainable has important implications for policy. If the current account deficits of a nation is sustainable, then it implies that the government should have no incentive to default on its international debt. In this article we examine whether or not the current account deficits for the OECD countries can be characterized by a unit root process with regime switching. The econometric methodology allows us to distinguish periods that are associated with unsustainable outcomes from those in which the intertemporal national long-run budget constraint (LRBC) holds. Among the main results, it is found that it is very likely that the LRBC will not hold for the Australia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, New Zealand, Portugal or Spain, thus signifying...

Science.gov (United States)

diet and genetic obesity metabolic defects and inflammation. To determine the role of adipocyte death in promoting adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in animal...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Due to the use of a limited number of species and subchronic exposures, current ecological hazard assessment processes can underestimate the chronic toxicity of environmental contaminants resulting...Full Text Available

CERN Multimedia

The next generation of particle accelerator is currently being designed at CERN. An understanding of the market forces in the computer industry will play a crucial role in the success of the project.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The existence of thresholds for toxicants is a matter of debate in chemical risk assessment and regulation. Current risk assessment methods are based on the assumption that, in the absence of sufficient...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVE: To review the body of international literature regarding lung surfactant supplements in order to determine: 1) the current knowledge of the antenatal routes of administration of surfactant...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundAdequate pain assessment is critical for evaluating the efficacy of analgesic treatment in clinical practice and during the development of new therapies. Yet the currently...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Malformations of the cerebral cortex are recognized as a common cause of developmental delay, neurological deficits, mental retardation and epilepsy. Currently, the diagnosis of cerebral cortical...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The geothermal reservoirs currently being exploited commercially have few common geological characteristics. For example, the Geysers field is in ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The time dependence of negative corona current I, called by Gagarin like 'relaxing of CV-characteristics', is a observed phenomena. The observed phenomena was explained by two theoretical models considering the ion-molecule and chemical reactions in the negative corona discharges in air, especially the ozone production. In the presented paper the discrepancies of above mentioned models, re-examination the earlier experimental data and presumptions used in models in a light the latest experimentally confirmed facts are discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes various eddy current probes, and their performance, which were developed at the Chalk River Laboratories of Atomic Energy of Canada. Included are probes for detecting defects at tubesheet regions in heat exchanger tubes, defects at expansion-transition regions in finned tubes, and defects in ferromagnetic tubes. All of these probes can be used with conventional commercially available instruments. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this article, the results of low-current gas-discharge plasma generator investigations carried out by a group of scientists from the Kazan' Aviation Institute are presented. When considered necessary, the results are compared with the data obtained by other authors. The basic configurations and theoretical calculation peculiarities of plasma generators are described. The electrical, thermal and energy characteristics of discharges in gas flows, as well as summarised empirical formulae and experimental data necessary for calculations and design of plasma devices are presented. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Hanford Site in eastern Washington state currently is engaged in the largest waste cleanup in world history. In order to make informed decisions about remediation options, the public throughout the Pacific Northwest and the nation needs to understand the wastes that are present, their sources of generation, their composition, and their behavior in the environment. The fact that Hanford operations` were conducted in secret for over four decades presents a unique public information challenge to those who currently are responsible for communicating with the public.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper reviewed the current status of basic research in plant cell engineering, highlighted the application of embryo culture, double haploid (DH) technology, protoplast culture and somatic hybridization, somaclonal variation, rapid propagation, and bio-products production of plant-origin, and t he prospects. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The standard protocol in multislice spiral CT (MSCT) angiography for coronary arteries with fixed tube current-time settings leads to an overexposure and thus to an unnecessary high radiation dose in patients with lower weight when compared to heavier patients. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of reducing the radiation dose by adapting the tube current-time settings individually. Fifty patients underwent retrospectively ECG-gated MSCT of the heart. In 25 patients (group A{sub 1}) a standard protocol with constant tube current-time settings was used (4 x 1-mm collimation, 120 kV, 400 mAs{sub eff}). Subsequently, artificial image noise was added to the data of these patients simulating a directive for weight-adapted tube current-time settings (group A{sub 2}). In the other 25 patients (group B) an alternative protocol with individually weight-adapted tube ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

High-brightness negative ion beams, especially O{sup -} beams, from a compact gaseous plasma source are studied to evaluate the suitability for high-resolution SIMS. Ion-optical calculations are made using the beam parameters from the new source. Results suggest that sub-100 nm spot with O{sup -} beam current of 10 pA is achievable. Beam focusing, the resulting beam current distributions at the target and the expected instrumental performance are discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have studied in detail the gamma radiation induced changes in the electrical properties of the (TeO_2)_0_._9 (In_2O_3)_0 _._1 thin films of different thicknesses, prepared by thermal evaporation in vacuum. The current-voltage characteristics for the as-deposited and exposed thin films were analysed to obtain current versus dose plots at different applied voltages. These plots clearly show that the current increases quite linearly with the radiation dose over a wide range and that the range of doses is higher for the thicker films. Beyond certain dose (a quantity dependent on the film thickness), however, the current has been observed to decrease. In order to understand the dose dependence of the current, we analysed the optical absorption spectra for the as-deposited and exposed thin films to obtain the dose dependences of the optical bandgap and energy width of band tails of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The electron beam ion source (EBIS) at Texas A and M University was constructed and is currently undergoing tests on the injection and transmission of the electron beam through the solenoid. Results of computer simulation of the electron beam are presented, as well as measurements of electron beam profiles using a pinhole beam analyzer.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In in-service inspection of steam-generator tubes, the need for reproducibility of the measurement results and for comparison of these results over two successive inspections has led EDF to specify the main characteristics of the eddy-current probes and to design equipment to measure them. This equipment is presented here and the electrical and magnetic results are correlated with those obtained by testing tubes with reference defects.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The current-carrying capacity of oil-filled cables is increased by forced cooling, which is accomplished by three methods: direct, surface and internal, depending on the relative positions of the cable and the cooling agent. The surface and indirect methods are the simplest and are sufficiently effective methods of cooling and make it possible to improve the current-carrying capacity of cables already mastered by the USSR's industry. A calculation method is suggested for the proper determination of the permissible load on lines of these sorts. A procedure is presented whereby equations are derived which make it possible to calculate the temperature of elements of the system and by means of an iteration calculation a determination is made of the total heat flow from the cable with which the temperature of the conductor along the line does not exceed the permissible value. The permissible current is calculated once ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

REXFOR is a development corporation involved in the creation of sustainable economic development for Quebec`s forest sector. Through partnerships, it intervenes in the development and processing of forest resources. This annual report provides an overview of industrial, sylvicultural and forest activities for the current year. A financial review of the current year is given along with a retrospective of the last five years. Financial statements are included.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The apex dimensions and length are calculated as a function of current for the ion-emitting jet in liquid-metal ion sources (LMIS). The results agree well with observations. Since the final expressions are analytical, they give more insight into the fundamental mechanisms involved than do numerical calculations. Some implications of the model are discussed concerning focused ion beam (FIB) systems employing LMIS. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An eddy current probe of the level of molten metal is considered for a sectional machine of continuous casting of steel. The advantages of electromagnetic probes of the level over radiometric ones lie in their insensitivity to the layer of dross and high speed. The results and directions of further studies are given.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The relationship between the current density distribution and the electron density profile during the flat-top phase of Ohmic discharges in TEXTOR has been investigated by means of far-infrared interferometry and polarimetry. It is found that neither gradual nor rapid changes of the electron density distribution (induced by continuous gas feed or pellet injection) alter the current profile significantly. The conclusion is drawn from the temporal evolution of the measured Faraday rotation signals #alpha#_e_x_p(x,t) which are proportional to the line integrals of n_c times the poloidal magnetic field component B_p_c along the probing beam paths (x is the distance of a chord from the plasma centre). By taking into account the known variation of the density profile but keeping the current distribution fixed, theoretical signals #alpha#_s_i_m(x,t) can be calculated which match the observed waveforms very well without any need to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report, the ORNL Long-Range Environmental and Waste Management Plan, is the annual update in a series begun in fiscal year 1985. Its primary purpose is to provide a thorough and systematic planning document to reflect the continuing process of site assessment, strategy development, and planning for the current and long-term control of environmental issues, waste management practices, and remedial action requirements. The document also provides an estimate of the resources required to implement the current plan. This document is not intended to be a budget document; it is, however, intended to provide guidance to both Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., and the US Department of Energy (DOE) management as to the near order of magnitude of the resources (primarily funding requirements) and the time frame required to execute the strategy in the present revision of the plan. As with any document of this nature, the near-term (one to three ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A technique and a particular apparatus for an inductive measurement of critical currents as a function of temperature and magnetic field in thin-film superconductors are described. The technique has been found to be particularly useful for high-field A-15 compounds 2 to 3 ..mu..m thick. Samples with lower critical current densities would have to be correspondingly thicker to measure over the same broad range of temperature and field. The design of the apparatus is detailed showing that the film can be taken directly from the deposition chamber and mounted without electrical contacts so samples can be changed easily. The principles of operation are developed based on the Critical State Model. These principles are tested by measurements which verify that the measured value of critical curent is independent of the amplitudes and frequency of the small ac magnetic field which is added to a much larger quasistatic field. The inductive measurements ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

CANDU steam generators and heat exchangers have been afflicted with a significant variety of degradation mechanisms. Until recently, detection and characterization of most of the varieties of flaws required usage of several different eddy current techniques. Tubes needed to be scanned multiple times to ensure they were inspected for all possible degradation mechanisms. The time required to deploy so many different types of techniques to inspect the steam generator tubes has had a significant impact on the inspection schedules. The X-Probe was designed with an array of eddy current coils capable of detecting, characterizing and sizing axial, circumferential and volumetric flaws. The X-Probe is a fast-scanning probe with scanning speed equivalent to speeds typically used for simple bobbin coil probes. With its capability of fulfilling most if not all of the functions of the other tube-testing eddy current probes, it can ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was applied to evaluate the heterogeneity of a passive film formed on a pure iron electrode in deaerated pH 8.4 borate solution. A probe current image of SECM was measured with a tip-generation/sub-strate-collection (TO/SC) mode in deaerated pH 8.4 borate solution containing 0.03 moldm{sup -3} Fe(CN){sub 6}{sup 4-} as a mediator. The difference in thickness of passive films formed on two iron plates at different potentials could be evaluated from the probe current image. The probe current image of the passivated iron surface with distinctive crystal grains was composed of the patch patterns, the shapes of which coincided completely with the shapes of the substrate crystal grains. The probe current flowed above the grain surface oriented to {l_brace}100{r_brace} plane was less than that above the grain surface oriented to {l_brace}110{r_brace} or ...

Science.gov (United States)

Designed to provide international coverage of current research in library and information science, this quarterly journal indexes investigations, studies, surveys, and evaluated innovations. Doctoral, post-doctoral, and research staff-level work, and in-house or action research from practicing librarians, information workers, archivists, and documentalists are included in the main section, "Current Research, Development, and Investigation." Each standard entry provides information on personnel, expected duration of the work, funding, references, contacts, aims, and a full history of the project. Entries in the main section are arranged according to the Classification Research Group's "A Classification of Library and Information Science" (1971), and each project is assigned a serial number. Cross-references to main section entries are provided in the Alphabetical Subject Index and the Name Index. Sub-doctoral theses and dissertations are listed ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Three studies of electrochemical current distribution have been performed using potential-theory models and the boundary-element method (BEM). (1) The steady-state behavior of cells with nonuniform current density over a passivating anode is investigated. Current distributions calculated for a test cell, using the measured kinetic behavior of nickel in acid-nickel-sulfate solution, are compared to estimates from earlier models. Although current-density profiles determined by weight loss on a segmented rotating cylinder agreed satisfactorily with model calculations, the measured length of the passive zone exceeds the theoretical value. The model's applicability to anodic protection is demonstrated for a stainless-steel sulfuric-acid holding tank. (2) A model is established to describe the effects of attached bubbles on the potential drop at gas-evolving electrodes including: (1) ohmic ...

CERN Document Server

The network utility maximization (NUM) problem for multi-path is a problem which is non-strictly convex and non-separable. Using Jensen's inequality, we approximate the NUM to a strictly convex and separable problem which can be solved efficiently by the dual decomposition method. After a series of approximations, the result of the approximation problem converges to the globally optimal solution of the original NUM. Moreover, because of the separable and dual-based natures of the proposed algorithm, we utilize the reverse engineering frameworks of the current TCPs to develop a series of multi-path TCPs which are totally compatible with current TCPs. The multi-path users using our protocols can run simultaneously with the single-path users using the current TCPs. The simulations of our Multi-path Reno on ns-2 show the compatibility and the fairness among multi-path and single-path users.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The current status of non-silicon photovoltaic solar cells is discussed including the identification of current technical and economic issues and future research directions for potential high efficiency low cost technologies. This review covers such advanced materials as CdS/Cu/sub 2/S, CdS/CuInSe/sub 2/, and GaAs homojunction and heterojunction devices; such emerging materials as InP, Zn/sub 3/P/sub 2/ and CdTe; and liquid junction electrochemical photovoltaic cells. An attempt is made to compare the current relative status of these various technologies and to indicate their near term potential where possible. 105 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Until a decade ago, only the differential bobbin type eddy current probe was considered necessary for reliable heat exchanger tube inspection. The introduction of different tube materials, manufacturing processes and a variety of service induced failures has greatly increased the demands of eddy current testing. Optimized probe designs enhanced by improved instrumentation can help satisfy some of these demands. Some of the more difficult inspection problems are detection of circumferential cracks, fretting wear under non-ferromagnetic support plates and shallow internal defects. Reliable detection and sizing of such defects is often made more difficult by the fact they frequently occur in defect prone regions such as under tubesheets or support plates and in transition regions of finned tubes. Probe designs effective in overcoming these difficulties exist. This paper describes a number of such probes and their performance.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have studied the features of formation and the possible stationary structures of a self-consistent magnetic field in a relativistic collisionless plasma, which are characteristic of a simple geometry of the Weibel instability that is well known in the nonrelativistic case. The universal condition is established, the growth rate is determined, and the criteria of saturation of the Weibel instability are analyzed for a broad class of anisotropic particle distribution functions (for definiteness, in application to an electron-positron plasma). A nonlinear equation of the Grad-Shafranov type describing the potential current structures is derived and its solutions are analytically studied. Special attention is paid to spatially harmonic, nonlinear current configurations with parameters determined by the properties of the initial homogeneous plasma subject to the Weibel instability. It is demonstrated that the magnetic field energy density in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A study was performed to examine currently recommended meteorological measurement programs and atmospheric transport and diffusion prediction models for nuclear power plants to determine their adequacy for plants located in coastal zones where meteorological conditions are normally more complex than at inland sites and to make recommendations for changes to improve current procedures. Recommendations were based on an extensive literature review and on studies of coastal meteorology and diffusion. The study was focused on the following areas: coastal internal boundary layers; tower location; instrument heights; atmospheric stability classification; plume meander; and diffusion calculations. Each of the areas is discussed with appropriate recommendations which were made with respect to either the scientific or the regulation aspects of current procedures or both. Other potential problem areas are also pointed out.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present the design, analysis, and results of the high brightness electron beam experiments currently under investigation at Sandia National Laboratories. The anticipated beam parameters are the following: energy 12 MeV, current 35 endash 40 kA, rms radius 0.5 mm, and pulse duration 40 ns full width at half-maximum. The accelerator is SABRE, a pulsed linear inductive voltage adder modified to higher impedance, and the electron source is a magnetically immersed foilless electron diode. 20 endash 30 T solenoidal magnets are required to insulate the diode and contain the beam to its extremely small-sized (1 mm) envelope. These experiments are designed to push the technology to produce the highest possible electron current in a submillimeter radius beam. Design, numerical simulations, and experimental results are presented. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The flow of current inside a conductor leads to its overheating. This conductor is also submitted to other climatic phenomena, such as wind, sun light and ambient temperature. The knowledge of this overheating is important to ensure a functioning temperature compatible with the materials used for the conductor manufacturing and with the dip of overhead power lines above the ground and buildings. On the other hand, according to the Laplace works, the flow of current inside parallel conductors induces electromagnetic forces inside them, proportional to the product of currents in both conductors. In the case of short-circuit between aerial power lines or between flexible cables, electrodynamical stresses (traction and flexion) are applied to insulators and holders and important swinging of the lines can be observed. These stresses can be extremely important and must be considered in the design of overhead lines. These two ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A three-dimensional mathematical thermo-fluid model coupling the electrochemical kinetics with fluid dynamics was developed to simulate the heat and mass transfer in planar anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The internal reforming reactions and electrochemical reactions of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the porous anode layer were analyzed. The temperature, species mole fraction, current density, overpotential loss and other performance parameters of the single cell unit were obtained by a commercial CFD code (Fluent) and external sub-routine. Results show that the current density produced by electrochemical reactions of carbon monoxide cannot be ignored, the cathode overpotential loss is the biggest one among the three overpotential losses, and that the proper decrease of the operating voltage leads to the increase of the current density, PEN structure temperature, fuel utilization factor, fuel efficiency and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Multi-core MgB_2/Ti/Cu/SS composite wire has been made by the in situ approach. Mechanical properties, interdiffusion reactions and critical currents were studied after heat treatments at temperatures between 500 and 850 "0C. Cu diffusion into the Ti layer occurs for all samples, resulting in the formation of intermetallic compounds at the Cu/Ti interface. EDX analysis has revealed the temperature dependence of all interface reactions. In spite of element reactions the critical current densities 10"5 A cm"-"2 and 10"4 A cm"-"2 were measured in liquid helium at magnetic fields 5 T and 9.5 T, respectively. 10"4 A cm"-"2 at 20 K is measured in an external field of 4 T.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Turbulent shear flows on shallow continental shelves (here shallow means that the interaction with the solid, no-slip bottom is important) are of great importance because tide- and wind-driven flows on the shelf are drivers of the transfer of momentum, heat, and mass (gas) across the air?sea interface. These turbulent flows play an important role because vertical mixing and current are vectors for the transport of sediment and bioactive material on continental shelves. Understanding the dynamics of this class of flows presents complications because of the presence of a free surface and also because the flow can be driven by a pressure gradient (a tidal current), a stress at the free surface (a wind-driven current), or a combination of both. In addition, the flow can be modified by the pres...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Charge transport in disordered organic semiconductors is generally described as thermally activated hopping in a gaussian distribution of localized states. The presence of charge traps is critical to the performance of organic electronic devices, since trapped charge carriers do no longer contribute to the current flow. The trap distribution in the polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is investigated by applying the fractional thermally stimulated current technique. Thereby, a low temperatur double-peak distribution has been revealed. One of the peaks is believed to belong to the tail of the intrinsic density of states, whereas the other trap is strongly affected by exposure to oxygen. We discuss the influence of oxygen exposure time on the trap distribution.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An effective method of enhancing charge injection and electroluminescence efficiency of polymer-based light emitting diode is introduced. Spin-coated films of poly (N-vinylcarbazole) blended with electron-transport material (Bu-PBD), laser dye (Coumarin6), and the typical supporting electrolyte (tetraethylammonium perchlorate; TEAP) were examined and it was found that the injection current and luminance of the light emitting diode doped with TEAP were enhanced dramatically after heat-treatment at 80 deg. C and appropriate biasing in an external electric field of 1.5x10"8 V/m at this temperature. The thermally stimulated current (TSC) was also measured to investigate the relaxation process of ionic space charges in the films. The relaxation times of ionic polarization were found to be related to the cation size of the electrolyte. And the relaxation time becomes long enough by the use of TEAP doping.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is shown that a gun similar to that in the SSPX could demonstrate the high fields required for Pulsed Spheromak reactors merely by prolonging the pulse. Important considerations are choosing the voltage to exceed ohmic losses; designing the gun to avoid wasteful short-circuiting of current within the gun; and the injection efficiency factor, f, determined by the ''sag'' in the profile of {lambda} = {mu}{sub o}j/B. Typically f = 0.75 in experiments, giving an overall efficiency > 50 % if short-circuiting is avoided. Theoretical transport models agree qualitatively with the need for a finite gradient in h to pump in helicity by current-driven tearing modes and suggest that pressure-driven resistive modes would not compete with current-driven modes during a buildup to ohmic ignition.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract The importance of evaluating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from dairy cows within the whole farm setting is being realized as more important than evaluating these emissions in isolation. Current whole farm models aimed at evaluating GHG emissions make use of simple regression equations to predict enteric methane (CH4) production. The objective of the current paper is to evaluate the performance of nine CH4 prediction equations that are currently being used in whole farm GHG models. Data used to evaluate the prediction equations came from a collection of individual (IND) and treatment averaged (TRT) data. Equations were compared based on mean square prediction error (MSPE) and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) analysis. In general, predictions were poor, with root MSPE (as...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The electron cyclotron resonance layer in a tokamak, {omega}={omega}{sub c}(r), is not accessible by the extraordinary wave from the low field side, because it is shielded by a cutoff layer. However, a X-mode launched with a nonzero toroidal angle propagates at the cutoff parallel to the magnetic field and has a circular polarization. Therefore it can already at the cutoff layer interact efficiency with electrons via the Doppler shifted resonance. The driven current can be substantially higher than that driven by the second harmonic X-mode. The applicability of this current drive scheme is limited to rather low values of {omega}{sub p}{sup 2}/{omega}{sub c}{sup 2}, but may be of interest for high magnetic field devices. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This research deals with in the study of the use of innovating magnetic sensors in eddy current non destructive inspection. The author reports an analysis survey of magnetic sensor performances. This survey enables the selection of magnetic sensor technologies used in non destructive inspection. He presents the state-of-the-art of eddy current probes exploiting the qualities of innovating magnetic sensors, and describes the methods enabling the use of these magnetic sensors in non destructive testing. Two main applications of innovating magnetic sensors are identified: the detection of very small defects by means of magneto-resistive sensors, and the detection of deep defects by means of giant magneto-impedances. Based on the use of modelling, optimization, signal processing tools, probes are manufactured for these both applications.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are being proposed for many applications including surveillance, mapping and atmospheric studies. These applications require a lightweight, low speed, medium to long duration airplane. Due to the weight, speed, and altitude constraints imposed on such aircraft, solar array generated electric power is a viable alternative to air-breathing engines. Development of such aircraft is currently being funded under the Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) program. NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC) is currently building a Solar Electric Airplane to demonstrate UAV technology. This aircraft utilizes high efficiency Applied Solar Energy Corporation (ASEC) GaAs/Ge space solar cells. The cells have been provided by the Air Force through the ManTech Office. Expected completion of the plane is early 1995, with the airplane currently undergoing flight testing using battery power.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Critical current density and dissipation of four sintered YBCO filaments were measured using a continuous DC power supply. Each sample exhibited somewhat different characteristics from the others even though 3 of the 4 samples are from the same batch. The data suggest that it is possible for the YBCO filament to be in a state of stable equilibrium when part of the filament is in the flux-flow state and part of the filament is in the normal state (local hot spots). This behavior may be advantageous for resistive fault current limiters because the intermediate state (partly flux-flow and partly normal) has an overall resistance much higher than that of the flux-flow state but it does not lead to thermal runaway (burnout) or excessive heating compared to a YBCO filament driven into normal state over its entire length. Two of the samples were broken as a result of local burnout.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nuclear forensic science has become increasingly important for global nuclear security. However, many current laboratory analysis techniques are based on methods developed without the imperative for timely analysis that underlies the post-detonation forensics mission requirements. Current analysis of actinides, fission products, and fuel-specific materials requires time-consuming chemical separation coupled with nuclear counting or mass spectrometry. High-temperature gas-phase separations have been used in the past for the rapid separation of newly created elements/isotopes and as a basis for chemical classification of that element. We are assessing the utility of this method for rapid separation in the gas-phase to accelerate the separations of radioisotopes germane to post-detonation nuclear forensic investigations. The existing state of the art for thermo chromatographic separations, and its applicability to nuclear forensics, will be ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We discuss the current state of the art in the IGC Internal Tin Nb_3Sn process which routinely is delivering current densities greater than 1 x 10"3 A/mm"2 at 10 Tesla. We focus especially on the conductors suitability for high current density applications such as High Energy Physics and small magnets. Projections are also made as to its suitability for high field applications such as in Fusion. A discussion of the manufacturing process is given with comparisons made to other accepted Nb_3Sn processes and NbTi. Superconductor characteristics such as filament quality and Nb_3Sn phase uniformity are compared to those obtained in conventional bronze process.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Breaker failure relaying has been generally achieved through the use of a current monitoring relay to determine whether current continues to flow into a fault after a breaker has been instructed to interrupt the circuit. If current continues to flow after a predefined period of time, the circuit breaker is considered to have failed. Steps must then be taken to trip the next set of upstream breakers in the power system to remove the faulted circuit and prevent system damage. However, with industrial power systems, this may be the utility`s breakers on the feeding transmission line. Regardless, breaker failure schemes must be designed to isolate both the faulted circuit and the failed circuit breaker. This paper discusses a new and innovative method of protecting a circuit breaker from the failure described above, plus other failures that go unprotected with conventional schemes, this providing total breaker failure ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Early effects of 100 Kilorads of X-rays on muscle cell membrane properties have been measured in sartorius muscles from Leptodactylus ocellatus. Threshold strength for rectangular current pulses increased 10% after irradiation, and action potential propagation velocity decreased 10%. Passive membrane parameters were calculated from potential responses to sub-threshold current pulses, assuming conventional cable theory. Specific membrane conductance increased to 18% after irradiation, membrane capacitance increased 14%, and length constant decreased 10% but membrane time constant was unchanged. Cell diameter decreased 5%, and resting membrane potential decreased 8%. Membrane parameters during an action potential were also evaluated by the phase-plane and current-voltage plot techniques. Irradiation significantly decreased the action potential amplitude, the excitation potential, and the maximum rates of rise and fall of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A CANDU nuclear reactor was shut down for over one year because steam generator (SG) tubes had failed with outer diameter stress-corrosion cracking (ODSCC) in the U-bend section. Novel, single-pass eddy current transmit-receive probes, denoted as C3, were successful in detecting all significant cracks so that the cracked tubes could be plugged and the unit restarted. Significant numbers of tubes with SCC were removed from a SG in order to validate the results of the new probe. Results from metallurgical examinations were used to obtain probability-of-detection (POD) and sizing accuracy plots to quantify the performance of this new inspection technique. Though effective, the above approach of relying on tubes removed from a reactor is expensive, in terms of both economic and radiation-exposure costs. This led to a search for more affordable methods to validate inspection techniques and procedures. Methods are presented for calculating POD curves based on ...

Wastenet

... Tschantz, Performance Evaluation of Constructed Urban Stormwater Detention Ponds in the Knoxville Area, proceedings and presentation to International Conference on Decision Making in Urban and Civil Engineering, Lyon, France, November 22, 2000. B.A. Tschanz, Current Problems, Practices, and ...