haeufigkeit bildgebender diagnostik: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

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Efficient application of medical imaging methods. Graded diagnostics for surgical and internal medical problems. Rationeller Einsatz bildgebender Verfahren. Gestufte Diagnostik bei chirurgischen und internistischen Krankheitsbildern

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The book is intended as a source of information for general practioners and for medical students doing their practical training. Efficient application of imaging methods is explained with great emphasis on practical aspects, concentrating on typical tasks to be solved for adult patients with internal disease or surgical problems. The material is arranged by various organic systems of the body. Graded diagnostics for a stepwise approach to the final diagnosis is the concept described, and is shown to be of advantage to the patient and in terms of cost and time.

1985-01-01

Infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. Endovascular repair with stent grafts; Infrarenales Bauchaortenaneurysma. Endovaskulaere Stent-Graft-Therapie

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As an alternative to surgery, endovascular therapy with stent grafts has become the second main treatment option for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. Unlike surgery, endovascular treatment with stent grafts is also applicable in patients unfit for open repair. Despite current improvements in endovascular repair devices, significant anatomic barriers still exclude this technique for a large number of patients. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound are essential for diagnostics, preintervention planning, and postintervention follow-up of abdominal aneurysms treated with stent grafts. This review covers etiology, pathology, and diagnostic aspects. Materials and methods for endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms are presented in detail, and clinical results and complications are discussed. (orig.) [German] Die endovaskulaere Therapie des infrarenalen Bauchaortenaneurysmas hat sich als Alternative zur offenen chirurgischen Versorgung etabliert. ...

2008-09-15

Modern imaging methods for diagnostic evaluation of tumors of the oropharynx and the oral cavity; Moderne bildgebende Methoden bei der Diagnostik von Tumoren des Oropharynx und der Mundhoehle

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Differentiating a benign from a malignant lesion by information such as density data, or signal intensities or echo gradients, is not possible with CT, nor MRI, nor ultrasonography. Only some lesions show characteristic signs. Inflammations cannot be difscriminated from malignant tumors. CTs of small tumors in particular are so poor in contrast that it is much more difficult to detect tumors or discriminate them from other lesions, as compared to MR images or ultrasonographs. CT does not detect surface tumors, but is more sensitive than MRI or US in detecting discrete cortical bone lesions. The same applies to small calcified tumors. MRI however is most sensitive in detecting tumor volumes in the yellow marrow, and is the best modality for evaluation of extraossal extension of tumors. CT yields better results than MRI if applied for simultaneous screening of lymph node metastases in the lower neck. MRI frequently is spoilt by movement artefacts. High-resolution, contrast enhanced CT ...

1996-11-01

Incidence of lesions as described by MRI in focal epilepsy of frontal and temporal onset; Inzidenz kernspintomographisch erfassbarer Laesionen bei der Abklaerung fokaler Epilepsien frontalen und temporalen Ursprunges

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Aim: Today, MRI is an integral part of the presurgical evaluation of patients suffering from partial epilepsy. These patients frequently show focal morphological abnormalities with potential epileptogenic character and surgical resection of these lesions is associated with superior postsurgical outcome as to seizure frequency. Apart from easily detectable defects, such as post-traumatic lesions or cerebral infarction, as wide variety of mainly small abnormalities can be detected using MRI. Methods: In this study, 484 patients suffering from partial epilepsy of temporal or frontal onset were evaluated for the incidence of different lesions in this population. Results: All lesions found were included without evaluating their potential epileptogenicity, which remains to be proven using other procedures (EEG, SPECT, PET, etc.). Involvement of the hippocampal formation was a major finding in temporal lobe epilepsy, which could be detected as sclerosis (T2w-images), atrophy (T2w-TSE or ...

1997-09-01

Functional imaging of neurocognitive dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Bildgebende Darstellung neurokognitiver Dysfunktionen bei der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitaetsstoerung

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder of early childhood onset. Defining symptoms are chronic impairments of attention, impulse control and motor hyperactivity that frequently persist until adulthood. Miscellaneous causes of the disorder have been discussed. Accumulating evidence from imaging- and molecular genetic studies strengthened the theory of ADHS being a predominantly inherited disorder of neurobiological origin. In the last 15 years, non-invasive brain imaging methods were successfully implemented in pediatric research. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies gave major insight into the neurobiological correlates of executive malfunction, inhibitory deficits and psychomotoric soft signs. These findings are in good accordance with brain morphometric data indicating a significant volumetric decrease of major components of striato-thalamo-cortical feedback loops, primarily influencing prefrontal executive functioning (e.g. basal ...

2005-02-01

Handbook on diagnostic radiology. Muscels and skeleton 2; Handbuch diagnostische Radiologie. Muskuloskelettales System 2

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The second volume contains a comprehensive presentation of inflammatory bone diseases, including seldom primary chronic osteomyelitis and morbus Paget. Substantial chapters on bone tumors and tumor-like lesions of bone joints are covering the state-of-the-art of diagnostic techniques of these seldom but important diseases. Besides the importance of projection radiography the contribution of MRI within differential diagnosis und staging of these diseases is emphasized. [German] Der zweite Band des Muskuloskelettalen Systems befasst sich mit der umfassenden Darstellung zur Diagnostik entzuendlicher Knochenerkrankungen und beinhaltet neben den klassischen infektioesen auch die seltenen, primaer chronischen Osteomyelitiden und den Morbus Paget. Umfangreiche Kapitel ueber die Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen der Gelenke stellen in modernster Weise den aktuellen Stand des Wissens und der Diagnostik dieser seltenen, aber aus ...

2005-07-01

Reference values for X-ray diagnostic investigations. Some thoughts on the relation between expenditure and benefit; Referenzwerte fuer roentgendiagnostische Untersuchungen. Teil 2. Ueberlegungen zur Verhaeltnismaessigkeit von Nutzen und Aufwand

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In the first part of this contribution, the definition of reference values is given and the theoretical and practical problems in the application of this concept are discussed. In this connection, the present resources on instrumentation and the technical requirements for dose assessment are described. In the second part, some consequences are taken and proposals for further actions are made. (orig.) [German] Im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes werden Definitionen von Referenzwerten in der radiologischen Diagnostik untersucht und die theoretischen und praktischen Probleme der Umsetzung des gesamten Konzepts eroertert. In diesem Zusammenhang werden auch der gegenwaertige Geraetebestand und die technischen Voraussetzungen zur Dosisermittlung beschrieben. Im zweiten Teil werden daraus Schlussfolgerungen gezogen und Vorschlaege zum weiteren Vorgehen gemacht. (orig.)

2001-07-01

Reference values for X-ray diagnostic investigations. Some thoughts on the relation between expenditure and benefit; Referenzwerte fuer roentgendiagnostische Untersuchungen. T. 1. Ueberlegungen zur Verhaeltnismaessigkeit von Nutzen und Aufwand

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In the first part of this contribution, the definition of reference values is given and the theoretical and practical problems in the application of this concept are discussed. In this connection, the present resources on instrumentation and the technical requirements for dose assessment are described. In the second part, some consequences are taken and proposals for further actions are made. (orig.) [German] Im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes werden die Definition von Referenzwerten in der radiologischen Diagnostik untersucht und die theoretischen und praktischen Probleme der Umsetzung des gesamten Konzepts eroertert. In diesem Zusammenhang werden auch der gegenwaertige Geraetebestand und die technischen Voraussetzungen zur Dosisermittlung beschrieben. Im zweiten Teil werden daraus Schlussfolgerungen gezogen und Vorschlaege zum weiteren Vorgehen gemacht. (orig.)

2000-07-01

Pathologie und molekulare Pathologie von Lungentumoren

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Zusammenfassung Das Lungenkarzinom ist eine der h?ufigsten Krebserkrankungen und die h?ufigste Krebstodesursache. Mit der Einf?hrung innovativer Substanzen ist die M?glichkeit einer individualisierten Therapie gegeben, die eine Verbesserung von Prognose und Lebensqualit?t verspricht. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Therapeutika basiert auf spezifischen molekularen Eigenschaften des Lungenkarzinoms und stellt neue Anforderungen an die pathohistologische Diagnostik. Neben dem Histotyp haben sich molekulare Alterationen, insbesondere EGFR-Mutationen, als pr?diktive Marker erwiesen. Die histologische Typisierung umfasst daher nicht nur die Unterscheidung von SCLC und NSCLC, sondern die Subtypisierung der NSCLC unter Einbezug immunhistologischer und molekularer Untersuchungen. Zusammenfassend werden Kri...

2011-01-01

High-End CT for clinical and scientific applications; High-End-CT im klinischen und wissenschaftlichen Einsatz

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The enhancements described of high-performance CT systems of latest design have again confirmed the importance of CT systems for acute and selective diagnostic imaging. Higher availability, shorter exposure times, and better applicability and handling for examination of poly-traumata patients or patients of intensive care departments are some of the advantages achieved with CT systems which demonstrate CT system efficiency in addition to MRI, which for specific examinations will remain the modality of first choice for diagnostic evaluation. The Tomoscan Av-E presented here was able to answer all relevant diagnostic questions appearing in routine diagnostics and scientific work. For patients, examinations using the spiral CT technique also offers significant advantages. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Durch die dargestellten Verbesserungen bei Hochleistungs-CT-Systemen neuester Bauart wurde die Bedeutung der CT fuer die akute und selektive Diagnostik erneut bestaetigt. Bessere ...

1997-12-01

Magnetic resonance imaging. Handbook and atlas; Kernspintomographie. Kompendium und Atlas

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic imaging tool relies on the generation of magnetic fields, whereas the computerized tomography (CT) uses X-radiation. The fundamental principle of MRI is the magnetic resonance of paramagnetic atomic nuclei. These nuclei, as e.g. protons (= hydrogen nuclei), are aligned in required orientation by application of a strong magnetic field. Upon simultaneous application of an electromagnetic high-frequency field perpendicular to the axis of the basic magnetic field, and in response to periodical changing of the electromagnetic field at a given frequency, the originally aligned paramagnetic nuclei are forced into a movement similar to that of a ``whipping top``. When the resonance frequency is shut off, the nuclei return to their former, aligned positions, inducing a weak signal in a coil. The series of signals generated by multiple repetition of this process of excitation of nuclei and their return to aligned rest is used as input to a ...

1999-10-01

Specifications for dumping of residues from mechanical-biological waste treament facilities; Anforderungen an die Ablagerung von MBA-Abfaellen

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For purposes of assessing the dumpability of wastes, Article 1 - Ordinance on the Environmentally Responsible Landfilling of Household Wastes (AbfAblV) - of the Ordinance on the Environmentally Responsible Landfilling of Household Wastes and Biological Waste Treatment Plants defines classificaton criteria for biologically and mechanically treated wastes destined for landfilling. The practical experiences that have been gathered with these classification criteria and values were evaluated in a questionnaire-based survey. This was done in particular for the purpose of verifying and validating proposals on the methodology of respiration and fermentation tests. A general finding has been that the application and implementation of the regulations of the AbfAblV is fraught with difficulties. This is evident for one thing in the frequency of analyses and for another in the difficulty of complying with the limit values of the classification criteria. The authors are in support of demands that ...

2001-07-01

Primary malignant lymphoma of the brain; Primaere maligne Lymphome des Gehirns

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Primary malignant lymphoma of the brain is a disease of unknown etiology, which is increasing in incidence and has an unfavorable prognosis. Despite the lack of specific changes on CT or MRI in most cases, these procedures may typically facilitate the diagnosis: A focal-enhancing mass with subependymal spread on CT or MRI and hyperattenuation on nonenhanced CT are the most reliable features in the diagnosis of primary malignant lymphoma of the brain. Peritumoral edema and mass effect are usually not prominent features. On unenhanced CT scans they usually appear homogeneously isodense to mildly hyperdense relative to the gray matter. On MRI these tumors are slightly hypointense on T1-weighted images and slightly hpyerintense on PD- and T2-weighted images relative to the gray matter. On CT and MRI enhancement is usually homogeneous. Contrast-enhanced MRI, with its multiplanar capability, lack of bone-induced artifacts, and high-contrast resolution, is likely to reveal subependymal spread ...

1997-01-01

Rational imaging strategies in larynx disease; Rationelle bildgebende Strategien bei Kehlkopferkrankungen

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Clinical information is indispensable for swift and cost-effective clarification of diseases of the larynx. While quality clarification of neurological changes in the area of the posterior cranial fossa and in the course of the vagus nerve as a cause of glottis malfunction is possible with MRI, localized disease of the larynx can more effectively be assessed with low-artifact CT. In the particularly difficult assessment of the post-operative larynx, a recurrence can be diagnosed only after a baseline study has been carried out after the end of therapy. With knowledge of the pretherapeutic findings, the findings immediately post-therapy, and the operation technique used, the optimal CT examination, which can be carried out quickly, will be able to provide more information about recurrence. (orig.) [Deutsch] Zur schnellen und kostenguenstigen Abklaerung von Erkrankungen des Larynx ist die klinische Information unabdingbar: Wenn neurologische Veraenderungen im Bereich der hinteren ...

1998-02-01

Sprengel deformity in a nine-year-old boy: diagnosis and therapy; Sprengel-Deformitaet bei einem neunjaehrigen Jungen: Diagnostik und Therapie

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Sprengel deformity is a congential malformation with usually unilateral elevation and medial rotation of the scapula. An omovertebral bone is generally present. Associated skeletal malformations are frequently present. Though functional impairment is mild, the cosmetic and psycho-social impairment can be considerable. The prognosis of early surgical therapy is good. The presented case also justifies surgical correction in the older child. (orig.) [German] Die Sprengel-Deformitaet ist eine angeborene Fehlbildung mit meist einseitiger Elevation und Medialrotation der Skapula. Meist ist ein Os omovertebrale vorhanden. Assoziierte skelettale Fehlbildungen sind haeufig. Obgleich funktionell wenig einschraenkend, ist die kosmetische und psycho-soziale Beeintraechtigung oft erheblich. Die Prognose der fruehen operativen Therapie ist gut. Der vorliegende Fall ermutigt zur operativen Therapie auch im hoeheren Kindesalter. (orig.)

2003-02-01

Magnetic resonance imaging in acute intractional tuberculosis; Magnetresonanztomographie bei akuter intrakranieller Tuberkulose

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We reported three cases of acute intracranial tuberculosis including miliary tuberculosis, basal meningitis, tuberculomas and neuritis of cranial nerves. All patients had native and contrast enhanced CT and MRI scans. MRI revealed more granulomas and a better imaging contrast in the detection of basal meningitis. Neuritis was diagnosed only with the MRI. MRI scans should be prefered as the imaging procedure in clinically presumed intracranial tuberculosis. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Befunde von drei Patienten mit intrakranieller Tuberkulose (intrakranielle Miliartuberkulose, Meningitis tuberculosa, Neuritis und Tuberkulome) in der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) wurden mit der Computertomographie (CT) verglichen. Sowohl die MRT als auch die CT wurden nativ und nach Kontrastmittelgabe durchgefuehrt. Die MRT zeigte sich im Nachweis von Granulomen insbesondere im Bereich des Hirnstamms ueberlegen. Ebenso wurde ein hoeherer Bildkontrast bei der Darstellung der Meningitis beobachtet. Eine ...

1994-12-31

Benign and malign pulmonary tumors in childhood; Benigne und maligne Lungentumoren im Kindesalter

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Pulmonary tumors in children are rare. Nevertheless, there are besides malign primary neoplasms and metastases also some benign tumors that the radiologist should know. The identification of some tumors is difficult, since some of them may mimic pulmonary inflammation. The first diagnostic tool is chest radiography. After that, a CT with contrastmedium should be performed, if possible a multislice-CT (MSCT). Identification of mediastinal structures is best with MRI. (orig.) [German] Tumoren der Lunge sind im Kindesalter selten. Trotzdem finden sich neben den malignen primaeren und sekundaeren Raumforderungen auch im Kindesalter immer wieder benigne Tumoren, die der Radiologe kennen sollte. Eine eindeutige Identifizierung kann schwierig sein, da z. B. entzuendliche Infiltrate vorgetaeuscht werden koennen. Die primaere Untersuchungsmethode ist das konventionelle Thoraxroentgen. Die weitere Diagnostik muss mit der Computertomographie, nach Moeglichkeit mit einem ...

2003-12-01

MRI in postoperative assessment of univentricular heart disease: correlation with echocardiography and angiography; MRT in der postoperativen Diagnostik bei funktionell univentrikulaerem Herz: Korrelation zu Echokardiographie und Kardangiographie

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Purpose: To determine the value of MRI in the postoperativ evaluation of a singular ventricle compared to echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Materials and methods: Thirty-one patients (range: 6 months to 30 years) with a functional single ventricle following palliative corrective operations. Five patients had a Blalock-Taussig-Shunt, 8 patients a Glenn-Anastomosis and 18 a cavopulmonary shunt (6 with classic Fontan-Circulation, 12 with modified cavopulmonary anastomosis). The results in terms of postoperative morphologic changes were compared to percutaneous echocardiography (31/31) and cardiac catheterization (6/31). Results: Echocardiography, which was performed on all patients, could not visualize the entire length of the tunnel, the Glenn-Anastomosis or the central pulmonary arteries in 70% of the patients due to an inadequate acoustic window. MRI was able to show the entire tunnel in 11/12 patients and the central pulmonary arteries in 30/31 patients. The exact anatomy ...

2002-12-01

MR imaging guidance and monitoring of focal thermotherapies. A review; Steuerung und Monitoring von fokalen Thermotherapien mit der Magnetresonanztomographie. Ein Ueberblick

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Minimally invasive thermotherapies for focal tissue destruction on the basis of laser-, microwave-, focused ultrasound-, or cryogeninduced changes of tissue temperature represent an alternative to surgical tissue ablation, particularly in the treatment of tumors. The thermotherapy modalities listed necessitate indirect guidance and monitoring, since they often do not lend themselves to immediate visual control. In the brain, in head and neck tumors, in the liver, and in the prostate, MRI reliably and accurately delineates both the positions of interstitial thermotherapy applicators and - in contrast-enhanced, T1-weighted images - the perfusion defects in tissue necrosis induced by thermotherapy. The transfer of results of in-vitro and in-vivo model studies to assess interstitial temperature and lesion development during thermotherapy to the actual treatment of patients, however, is still in an initial phase. Further development of both rapid MRI sequences and MRI scanners suited for ...

1998-03-01

Assessment of the value of various tomography modalities for diagnostic evaluation of the female genital system; Stellenwert der Schnittbildverfahren bei der Abklaerung von Erkrankungen des weiblichen Genitaltrakts

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The comprehensive survey explains the indications and the specific value of the modern tomographic modalities with respect to the various diagnostic issues. Numerous reproductions of CT, MRI, US scans illustrate the aspects discussed. (orig./CB) [German] Bildgebende Verfahren kommen bei der Abklaerung von Erkrankungen des weiblichen Urogenitaltrakts ergaenzend zu der klinischen Untersuchung zur Anwendung. Kongenitale Uterusanomalien werden primaer mit der HSG oder der Laparoskopie diagnostiziert. Zusaetzlich koennen der transvaginale US und in unklaren Faellen die MRT eingesetzt werden. Die Diagnose entzuendlicher Erkrankungen des weiblichen Genitaltrakts erfolgt in der Regel klinisch. Schnittbildverfahren werden bei therapieresistenten, komplizierten Faellen angewendet. Initial werden benigne Neoplasien des Uterus mit dem transvaginalen US abgeklaert. Eine Verdickung des Endometriums ist dabei ein unspezifischer Befund und kann auf eine Hyperplasie, Polypen oder ...

2001-09-01

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Role of nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging in cardiac diagnostics; Rolle der nuklearmedizinischen Verfahren und der Magnetresonanztomographie in der kardialen Diagnostik

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Nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely used in cardiac diagnostics. Both techniques have been carefully evaluated and are equivalent for the assessment of regional and global wall motion as well as the evaluation of ejection fraction and cardiac volumes, though MRI is herein currently seen as gold standard. For evaluation of myocardial perfusion, extensive data exist for nuclear imaging, that, next to high diagnostic accuracy for evaluation of coronary artery disease, show incremental prognostic information and allow for independent risk stratification. Because of rapid technical advance, myocardial perfusion imaging has also become feasible with cardiac MRI. Results of recent studies are promising, but the data are few compared to perfusion scintigraphy. For viability assessment in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, positron emission tomography (PET) with FDG is currently seen as gold standard. However, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ...

2003-12-01

MRT versus CT in the diagnosis of pneumonia. Evaluation of a T{sub 2}-weighted utrafast turbo-spin-echo sequence (UTSE); MRT versus CT in der Diagnostik von Pneumonien. Evaluation einer T{sub 2}-gewichteten ultraschnellen Turbo-Spin-Echo-Sequenz (UTSE)

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Purpose: To evaluate a T{sub 2}-weighted URSE sequence for the assessment of pulmonary infiltrations in comparison to CT. Methods: 28 MRT scans of 22 patients with confirmed pneumonia were recorded on a 1.5 Tesla apparatus with an expiratory and diastolic triggered, T{sub 2}-weighted ultrafast-spin-echo sequence in axial slice mode with the following parameters: TR{sub eff}/T{sub E}/Turbofactor 2000-4000/90 ms/21-23; slice thickness/separation 6/0.6 mm; FOV 360 mm; 24 slices. 24 spiral CTs (sice thickness/table advance: 1-2 mm/10 mm) were available for comparison. The separate evaluation of MRTs and CTs was performed by three radiologists in a consensus procedure with regard to pulmonary lesions (e.g., infiltration, round foci, net patterns) and image quality of the MRTs (4-step scale). Results: In 71% of the cases the CTs and MRTs agreed with the diagnosis and representation of the lesions, in 25% MRT was superior. MRT was better for the detection of pulmonary abscesses. In 93% the ...

1999-05-01

MRI of congenital heart disease in childhood; MR-Tomographie kongenitaler Herzvitien im Kindesalter

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MRI provides a non-invasive diagnostic tool complementing echocardiography on one hand, and showing advantages over echocardiography, on the other hand, especially after corrective procedures. The multiple different MRI sequences need to be adapted to examinations of children and patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), and can be used to detect morphologic changes, blood-flow in the heart and thoracic vessels and diastolic or systolic function of myocardium. Several factors determine the success of the examination of a complex congenital heart disease or a postoperative situs. Pediatric radiologists and radiologists experienced in congenital heart diseases have to work in close cooperation. Echocardiography should be performed before MRI. The results of prior examinations and the clinical history of the patients, including possible palliative or reconstructive operations, must be available before MRI to guide the planning of the examination. With a systematic segmental approach ...

2004-02-01

MRI in preoperative evaluation of chronic paranasal sinusitis - a comparison with CT; MRT in der praeoperativen Diagnostik der chronischen Sinusitis im Vergleich mit der CT

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Purpose: To determine the value of MRI in the preoperative evaluation of chronic paranasal sinusitis and to compare the results with CT and intraoperative findings. Method/Materials: 42 patients with clinical signs of chronic paranasal sinusitis underwent MRI after CT evaluation on one day, with subsequent functional endoscopic sinus surgery on the next day. Coronary CT was obtained with 5-mm slices and table-feed in the prone position, while MRI was performed in the supine position with coronary T{sub 2}-TSE+pd and coronary and transverse HASTE, each with 5-mm slice thickness. Aquisition time in MRI was less than 8 minutes. Two radiologists reviewed the CT and MRI scans for signs of sinusitis and detection of anatomical landmarks. The results were correlated with the intraoperative findings. Results: MRI offered no artifacts of dental work and showed more often high quality pictures than CT. CT and MRI demonstrated a good correlation in the detection of mucosal pathologies ...

2001-04-01

Functional MRI of the pharynx in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with rapid 2-D flash sequences; Funktionelle MRT des Pharynx bei obstruktiver Schlafapnoe (OSA) mit schnellen 2D-FLASH-Sequenzen

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Functional imaging of the pharynx used to be the domain of cineradiography, CT and ultrafast CT. The development of modern MRI techniques led to new access to functional disorders of the pharynx. The aim of this study was to implement a new MRI technique to examine oropharyngeal obstructive mechanisms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Sixteen patients suffering from OSA and 6 healthy volunteers were examined on a 1.5 T whole-body imager (`Vision`, Siemens, Erlangen Medical Engineering, Germany) using a circular polarized head coil. Imaging was performed with 2D flash sequences in midsagittal and axial planes. Patients and volunteers were asked to breathe normally through the nose and to simulate snoring and the Mueller maneuver during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prior to MRI, all patients underwent an ear, nose and throat (ENT) examination, functional fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy and polysomnography. A temporal resolution of 6 images/s and an in-plane resolution of ...

1996-03-01

Differential diagnosis of rheumatic diseases; Differenzialdiagnose rheumatischer Erkrankungen

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Which imaging modalities are appropriate for the Differential diagnosis of Rheumatic diseases. MRI has far most the highest sensitivity and is unequaled in its brilliant presentation of Anatomy and Pathology. But it is sometimes forgotten, that this is at least in part the result of carefully selected sequences, dedicated to the expected result. In a method totally independent of any result, this should not be the case. In contrary this method should be highly standardised and regardless what will be the findings. This is true for Plain X-ray. It will be shown, that already the outer silhouette of the soft parts with different features of swelling, and differences in density and even more - defects or appositions of the bony silhouette in the majority of cases at least will allow to classify the patient for a group of diseases and in many cases will lead to a definite diagnosis. Differential diagnoses like Rheumatoid Arthritis versus Psoriatic Arthritis or simply but not always simple ...

2006-05-15

The value of high-resolution MR-imaging for the staging of malignant lesions of tongue, pharynx and larynx; Klinische Wertigkeit der hochaufloesenden Magnetresonanztomographie beim Staging von Tumoren der Mundhoehle, des Pharynx und des Larynx

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In a prospective study 102 patients with malignant tumors of the tongue, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx were staged by means of MRI. Special attention was directed at those tumour extensions that could influence the treatment strategy. The MR findings were correlated with the results of palpation, endoscopy, ultrasound, computerised tomography and histopathological findings. MRI showed a good delineation of pT{sub 2} to pT{sub 4} tumours. However, visualisation of small tumours in the soft palate, the tonsils, the pyriform sinuses and vocal cords was difficult. In conclusion our results suggest that in addition to endoscopy MRI is a valuable tool for the examination of tumours of tongue, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. (orig.) [Deutsch] In einer prospektiven Studie wurden 102 Patienten mit malignen Tumoren der Mundhoehle, des Oro- und Hypopharynx sowie des Larynx mit der Mgnetresonanztomographie (MRT) untersucht, wobei besonders Wert auf die Bestimmung derjenigen ...

1994-02-01

Diagnosis of occipital condyle fractures; Diagnostik von Frakturen der Okzipitalkondylen

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Following the conventional X-ray diagnosis of the skull and upper cervical spine, CT proved to be the primary diagnostic method after a skull and brain injury: For all 4 cases we succeeded in detecting the occipital condyle fracture and in determing its size and location by reconstructions (coronal, sagittal, 3-D). In the case of complex occompanying injuries like soft tissue hematomas (cerebral, in the spinal cord, and the soft tissue of the neck) or for the detection of brain stem contusion, MRT had significant advantages. MRT can offer a higher image quality in soft tissue, especially in the spinal cord and the brain. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im Anschluss an die konventionelle Roentgendiagnostik des Schaedels und der Halswirbelsaeule, erwies sich die Computertomographie als primaer einzusetzendes diagnostisches Verfahren, nach erlittenem Schaedel-Hirn-Trauma. In allen Faellen gelang der exakte Frakturnachweis an den Okzipitalkondylen, die Bestimmung des Frakturausmasses und die genaue ...

1995-01-01

Computed tomography in AIDS-related thoracic diseases; Computertomographie AIDS-assoziierter Thoraxerkrankungen

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Pulmonary infections and tumors are a major cause of death in patients with AIDS. The combination of clinical, radiological, laboratory, and pathohistological data helps to narrow the spectrum of differential diagnoses or even allows a specific diagnosis in many patients. Nevertheless, an accurate diagnosis should be obtained as soon as possible during the clinical course of the illness to initiate treatment in time. Computed tomography (CT) has proven to provide promising results in the diagnosis of AIDS-related throacic diseases. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate the diagnostic capacities of CT in the context of particular AIDS-related thoracic pathologies. Additional information on the spectrum of pathological agents and on differential diagnostic signs is summarized. (orig.) [Deutsch] Pulmonale Infektionen und Tumore sind eine wesentliche Todesursache bei Patienten, die am erworbenen Immunmangelsyndrom AIDS leiden. In den meisten Faellen gelingt es, durch Zusammenschau ...

1996-07-01

Benign diseases of the mandible in MRI; Benigne Erkrankungen des Unterkiefers im MRT

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Diseases of the mandible affect the soft tissues aside from the osseous manifestation. This can be shown clearly and in great detail by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is the gold standard in the diagnostic evaluation of any internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. Dental MRI requires high resolution techniques and in some cases also intravenous administration of contrast material. These techniques allow delineation of the neurovascular bundle. In the past few years new indications were formulated, for example, the evaluation of the integrity of the inferior alveolar nerve in trauma and in radicular cysts. New quantitative methods now enable insights into the pathophysiology. The objective of this review is to communicate accepted indications for MRI of the mandible and to present innovative applications. (orig.) [German] Mandibulaere Erkrankungen beteiligen neben dem Knochen Weichteilstrukturen, die sich mit der MRT klar und detailreich darstellen lassen. In der ...

2004-04-01

Radiological diagnosis of lesions of intervertebral discs; Radiologische Diagnostik von Bandscheibenlaesionen

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During their life, intervertebral discs undergo degenerative changes which need not necessarily become lesions. Conventional X-rays do not provide information on the condition of the intervertebral discs, so MRT or CT are recommended as primary techniques as they are non-invasive. Invasive methods like myelography and especially discography should not be used unless a case is highly problematic. In infants with pains in the back, MRT should be carried out as early as possible as there is nearly always an organic cause. (orig.) [German] Die Bandscheibe ist im Laufe des Lebens degenerativen Veraenderungen unterworfen, die klinisch zu Beschwerden fuehren koennen, aber nicht fuehren muessen. Konventionlle Roentgenaufnahmen lassen zwar die Hoehenminderung des Bandscheibenfachs und begleitende knoecherne Veraenderungen erkennen, nicht aber den Zustand der Bandscheibe selbst. Die Beurteilung der Bandscheibe und des Knochens gelingt mit der CT, die parallel zum Bandscheibenfach durchgefuehrt ...

2003-03-01

Modern visualization of the liver with MRI - current trends and future perspectives; Moderne Leberbildgebung mit der MRT - aktuelle Trends und Zukunft

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This contribution provides an overview and imparts basic knowledge on pertinent technical developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver: 3D sequences, respiratory triggering, parallel imaging, and 3 Tesla (3T). 3D sequences can be used as T1-weighted (T1w) sequences for analyzing dynamics of contrast enhancement or as T2w sequences for MR cholangiography. Consistent improvements in respiratory triggering make it possible to obtain good image quality on T2w scans even in patients unable to hold their breath. Parallel imaging as a universal technique to accelerate image acquisition is particularly appropriate for MRI of the liver, and it has been shown that the reduced acquisition time is not achieved at the expense of image quality. Further progress in MRI of the liver can be expected with use of the 3T systems, but hitherto irrelevant problems must still be solved. Overall the innovations presented here, applied alone or in combination, facilitate rapid, robust, and ...

2004-12-01

MRT of the abdomen in combination with enteroclysis in Crohn disease with oral and intravenous Gd-DTPA; MRT des Abdomens in Kombination mit der Enteroklyse bei Morbus Crohn unter Verwendung von oralem und intravenoesem Gd-DTPA

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60 patients between 17 and 72 years of age were investigated. First, an enteroclysis was performed in typical manner. The applicated methylcellulosis was blended with positive oral MR contrast media (Magnevist oral, Schering). After enteroclysis, MRI of the abdomen was performed using T1- and T2-weighted breathhold sequences (Flash 2D pre- and postcontrast and TSE) in axial and coronal planes. The length of the affected bowel and the stenosis seen with enteroclysis correlated well with the visible thickening of the small bowel wall and the stenosis seen in MRI. Using MRI, additional findings could be obtained in 28 patients, such as fistulas, abscesses or a hydronephrosis, or a better assessment of the stenosis was possible with MRI, because of the avoidance of overshadowing of the affected bowel loop with MRI. A brilliant MR-tomographic imaging of the small bowel is possible under the condition, that the small bowel contrast is optimal. The main prerequisite is a large filling volume ...

1998-01-01

Immunoscintigraphy with anti-225.28S for ocular melanoma - a comparison with histology and immunohistochemistry

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Aim: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the value of immunoscintigraphy (ISG) with anti-225.28S in clinically suspected ocular melanoma. Methods: For this purpose standardized ISG was performed in 36 patients using both planar acquisition and emission computed tomography (ECT). Ocular melanoma was present in 31 patients. In 21 patients therapy was enucleation of the eye. These specimens were evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry in 11 of 21 patients. Results: Regarding the clinical diagnosis, ISG was positive only in 15 of 31 patients with ocular melanoma, regarding histology in 11 of 21 and regarding immunohistochemistry in 5 of 6 patients with a positive immunoreaction. 5 patients showed no immunoreactivity, their ISG was negative. Conclusion: Thus a good correlation between ISG and immunohistochemistry was observed. However ISG using the cutaneous melanoma antibody 225.28S cannot be recommended for the diagnostic work-up of an ocular melanoma considering ...

1997-03-01

Digital image intensifier radiography: first experiences with the DSI (Digital Spot Imaging); Moeglichkeiten der digitalen Bildverstaerkerradiographie am Beispiel des Digital Spot Imaging (DSI)

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We performed a comparative study of digitally and conventionally acquired images in gastrointestinal examinations. Radiation dose and spatial resolution were determined in a water phantom. In 676 examinations with either conventional or digital imaging (system: Diagnost 76, DSI) the number of images and the duration of the fluoroscopy time were compared. 101 examinations with digital as well as conventional documentation were evaluated by using 5 criteria describing the diagnostic performance. The entrance dose of the DSI is 12% to 36% of the film/screen system and the spatial resolution of the DSI may be better than that of a film/screen system with a speed of 200. The fluoroscopy time shows no significant difference between DSI and the film/screen technique. In 2 of 4 examination modes significantly more images were produced by the DSI. With exception of the criterion of edge sharpness, DSI yields a significantly inferior assessment compared with the film/screen technique. (orig./MG) ...

1995-10-01

Diagnosis and therapy of Budd-Chiari syndrome; Diagnostik und Therapie des Budd-Chiari-Syndroms

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Purpose: Budd-Chiari syndrome is a fairly uncommon disease in Europe. This often leads to its late diagnosis. The syndrome is characterised by portal hypertension and splanchnic congestion due to obstruction of hepatic venous outflow. This paper describes the treatment of three patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome by interventional therapeutic techniques and discusses alternative treatment modalities. Patients and Methods: The first patient presented with veno-occlusive disease and was treated by the placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stentshunt. The second patient showed an occlusion of the major hepatic veins. After percutaneous recanalisation, a stent was placed in the right hepatic vein which remained patent. The third patient had a membranous obstruction of the right hepatic vein which was treated by percutaneous balloon dilatation. Results: In all patients the clinical symptoms resolved completely after treatment and no complications were encountered. ...

1998-09-01

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The role of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of preoperative and postoperative complications caused by acquired cholesteatomas will be described in this paper. The pre- and postoperative imaging of the temporal bone was performed with HRCT and MRI. HRCT and MRI were performed in the axial and coronal plane. MRI was done with T2 weighted and T1 weighted sequences both before and after the intravenous application of contrast material. All imaging findings were confirmed clinically or surgically. The preoperative cholesteatoma-caused complications depicted by HRCT included bony erosions of the ossicles, scutum, facial canal in the middle ear, tympanic walls including the tegmen tympani, and of the labyrinth. The preoperative cholesteatoma-caused complications depicted by MRI included signs indicative for labyrinthitis, and brain abscess. Postoperative HRCT depicted bony erosions caused by recurrent cholesteatoma, bony defects ...

2003-03-01

Ganglioneuromas in childhood: MRI and CT characteristics; Ganglioneurome im Kindesalter: CT- und MRT-Charakteristika

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the typical appearance of ganglioneuromas in computer-assisted tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of diagnostic imaging (9 CT, 6 MRI) in 9 children aged 3 to 15 years with the histological diagnosis of ganglioneuroma. Results: The tomographies showed large (max. 13.4 cm in diameter) round or oval tumors with sharp delineation. The sites of the tumors were the retroperitoneum (5), the mediastinum (3), and the adrenal gland (1). Intraspinal tumor involvement occurred in 4 cases. On comparing CT with MRI, MRI was more accurate in defining the intraspinal involvement. The ganglioneuromas were of hypodense appearance in the native CT scan and showed moderate enhancement upon administration of contrast media. In five patients tumor calcifications with a disseminated sprinkled pattern were seen in CT. In MRI T{sub 1}-weighted scans the tumors were homogeneous and hypointense, ...

2000-05-01

Diagnosis of plasmocytomas using magnetic resonance imaging; Diagnostik des Plasmozytoms mit der MRT

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Background. In multiple myeloma 5 different infiltration patterns can be differentiated: 1. Normal appearance of bone marrow, 2. focal involvement, 3. homogeneous diffuse infiltration, 4. combined diffuse and focal infiltration, 5. 'salt-and pepper' pattern with inhomogeneous bone marrow with interposition of fat islands. Methods. For the fast and total acquisition of all patterns a combination of a T1-weighted spin echo sequence and a fat suppression technique is superior. The focal involvement is clearly demonstrated as areas of high signal intensity on e.g. STIR images. Diffuse involvement can be quantified objectively by calculation of the percentage of signal intensity increase after contrast material injection. MRI is superior to X-ray in focal and diffuse involvement. With ultrafast sequences a 'screening' of the whole red bone marrow as for myeloma infiltration is possible. Prognosis. In prognosis studies diffuse infiltration is inferior to ...

2000-08-01

Comparison of high resolution whole-body MRI using parallel imaging and PET-CT. First experiences with a 32-channel MRI system; Hochaufloesendes Ganzkoerpertumorstaging unter Verwendung paralleler Bildgebung im Vergleich zur PET-CT. Erste Erfahrungen auf einem 32-Kanal-MRT-System

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To compare the accuracy in the detection and staging of various malignant tumors with high resolution whole-body MRI using parallel imaging with whole-body dual-modality PET-CT. Preliminary results of an interim analysis from a prospective, blinded study are presented, in which 20 patients (mean age 59 years, range 27-77 years) with different oncological diseases underwent whole-body dual modality FDG-PET-CT screening for tumor search or staging in case of confirmed or suspected metastatic disease. All patients also underwent whole-body MRI imaging with the use of parallel imaging (iPAT). High-resolution coronal T1w- and STIR-sequences of 5 body levels with 512 x 512 matrix, axial fast T2w imaging of lung and abdomen (HASTE), contrast-enhanced dynamic and static T1w-sequences of liver, brain, abdomen, and pelvis were performed. Using a 32-channel whole-body MRI scanner (Magnetom Avanto, Siemens Medical Solutions) with a total field of view of 205 cm and free table movement, all ...

2004-09-01

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Sample records for haeufigkeit bildgebender diagnostik from WorldWideScience.org