Science.gov (United States)

This report describes the design of, and image reconstruction capacity of a Hadamard Raman Microscopic imager. Microscopy of benzoic acid and graphite electrodes, as well as electrophoretic blotting, are described. (CBS)

Science.gov (United States)

verified via high-resolution spectral density measurements using the Hadamard Variance. .... spectral density measurements were made with the HF5390 ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Successful electron capture dissociation (ECD) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) applications to peptide and protein structural analysis have been enabled by constant progress in implementation of improved electron injection techniques. The rate of ECD product ion formation has been increased to match the liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis timescales, and ECD has been combined with infrared multiphoton dissociation in a single experimental configuration to provide simultaneous irradiation, fast switching between the two techniques, and good spatial overlap between ion, photon, and electron beams. Here we begin by describing advantages and disadvantages of the various existing electron injection techniques for ECD in FT-ICR MS. We next ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We describe a method for the analysis of multi-site phosphorylation in serine/threonine (Ser/Thr)-rich protein sequences. Site-specific mutagenesis was used to introduce tryptic cleavage sites in the serine glutamine/threonine glutamine cluster domain (SCD) of the human checkpoint protein kinase (Chk2). The mutant proteins were shown to autophosphorylate on residues that are inducibly phosphorylated when mammalian cells are exposed to ionizing radiation (serine 33/35, serine 516, threonine 68 and threonine 432). Five Ser/Thr clusters within the SCD were flanked by arginine or lysine residues to produce tryptic peptides for nanospray liquid chromatography (nanoLC)/linear quadrupole ion trap Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Phosphorylation sites were assigned usin...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with high field Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) allows for the direct detection of acidic NSO compounds in petroleum. The technique requires no chromatographic separation, is able to distinguish 18 different compound classes (e.g., neutral nitrogen, carboxylic acids and oxygenates), and can identify {approx}14,000 distinct masses by ultra-high mass resolution and mass accuracy. We previously studied three crude oils from different geological origins [Organic Geochemistry 33 (2002b) 743-759]. Here, we expand our research by comparing two source-equivalent Smackover oils of different levels of thermal maturity. We observe clear differences in the distribution of NSO compound classes, types (number of rings plus double bonds within a class), and number of alkyl carbons. With increasing thermal stress, the relative amount of sulfur and oxygen containing ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We review recent development in separations and mass spectrometric instrumentation for sensitive and high-throughput proteomic analyses. These efforts have been primarily focused on the development of high-efficiency (separation peak capacity of ~103) nanoscale liquid chromatography (nanoLC; e.g., flow rates extending down to ~20 nL/min at optimal separation linear velocities through narrow packed capillaries) in combination with advanced mass spectrometry (MS), including high sensitivity and high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) MS. This technology enables MS analysis of low nanogram-level proteomic samples (i.e., nanoscale proteomics) with individual protein identification sensitivity at the low zeptomole-level. The resultant protein measurement dynamic range can reach 106 for nanogram-sized proteomic samples, while more abundant proteins can be detected from complex sub-picogram size proteome samples. The average ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The atmospheric processing by ozone of peptide-containing mixed particles was investigated as proxies for biogenic and sea spray primary organic aerosol. Reactions were performed in a flow reactor and particle composition was monitored by photoelectron resonance capture ionization aerosol mass spectrometry. Mixed particles containing dipeptides in a saturated organic matrix of stearic and palmitic acids showed no reaction under ozonolysis at exposure levels of 2.5???10?4?atm s O3. However reactions of mixed particles of a dipeptide (Leu-Leu) in an unsaturated matrix (oleic acid) under the same conditions resulted in a rapid loss of the peptide ion signal, as well as the carrier matrix, and appearance of a number of ion signals corresponding to secondary products. High molecular weight imid...

Science.gov (United States)

No Abstract Available

Science.gov (United States)

Transformation and Transition: DARPA's Role in Fostering an Emerging Revolution ... IDA Paper P-3698 Transformation and Transition: DARPA's ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Micropatterned materials were obtained by a controlled laser ablation of a photoimmobilised homogeneous layer of hyaluronic acid (Hyal) and its sulphated derivative (HyalS). The photoimmobilisation was performed by coating the polysaccharide, adequately functionalised with a photoreactive group, on aminosilanised glass substrate and immobilising it on the surface under UV light. Hyal or HyalS photoimmobilised samples were then subjected to laser ablation with wavelengths in the UV regions in order to drill the pattern. Four different patterns with stripes of 100, 50, 25 and 10 {mu}m were generated. A chemical characterisation by attenuated total reflection/Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FT-IR) and time of flight-secondary ions mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) confirmed the success of the laser ablation procedure and the presence of alternating stripes of polysaccharide and native glass. The exact dimensions of the stripes were determined by atomic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The diminishing clean oil reserve is driving the search for new or improved ways to reduce the level of NSO-containing species found in high abundance in heavy crude oils. Hydrotreatment is the currently preferred technique to remove those polar species. Unfortunately, nitrogen-containing compounds cause coke formation on the surface of the hydrotreatment catalyst, leading to partial or complete deactivation. Here, positive- and negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) identify those nitrogen compounds that resist hydrotreatment. ESI preferentially ionizes polar (e.g., heteroatom-containing) species: basic molecules are detected as positive ions and acidic/neutral molecules as negative ions. FT-ICR MS resolves thousands of species in a single mass spectrum, allowing for unambiguous determination of elemental composition, C{sub c}H{sub h}N{sub n}O{sub o}S{sub s}, for ...

CERN Document Server

We derive spin-orbit coupling effects on the gravitational field and equations of motion of compact binaries in the 2.5 post-Newtonian approximation to general relativity, one PN order beyond where spin effects first appear. Our method is based on that of Blanchet, Faye, and Ponsot, who use a post-Newtonian metric valid for general (continuous) fluids and represent pointlike compact objects with a delta-function stress-energy tensor, regularizing divergent terms by taking the Hadamard finite part. To obtain post-Newtonian spin effects, we use a different delta-function stress-energy tensor introduced by Bailey and Israel. In a future paper we will use the 2.5PN equations of motion for spinning bodies to derive the gravitational-wave luminosity and phase evolution of binary inspirals, which will be useful in constructing matched filters for signal analysis. The gravitational field derived here may help in posing initial data for numerical evolutions of binary black ...

Norwegian Open Research Archives (NORA)

Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) has been explored widely for DNA sequencing. The major requirement for this method is that the DNA sequencing fragments...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The validation parameters for pharmaceutical analyses were examined for the accelerator mass spectrometry measurement of ¹⁴C/C ratio, independent of chemical separation procedures....Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... coincidence spectrometry decay excited states gamma spectra half-life

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... correlation beta-minus decay coincidence spectrometry experimental data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The advance in the analysis of very small amount (<= 1#alpha#/cm"2h) of #alpha#-emitters in the cited materials is reviewed. The review, for which 75 references are listed, covers the period from January, 1978, to June, 1982. The use of #alpha#-ray counting, #alpha#-ray spectrometry, #gamma#-ray spectrometry, neutron activation analysis and mass spectrometry is discussed, and their relative merit and limitation are outlined. (J.P.N.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A number of ion exchange materials are being evaluated as part of the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) Pretreatment Project for the removal of {sup 137}Cs from aqueous tank wastes. Two of these materials are organic resins; a phenol-formaldehyde resin (Duolite CS-100) produced by Rohm and Haas Co. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and a resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin produced by Boulder Scientific Co. (Mead, Colorado). One of the key parameters in the assessment of the organic based ion exchange materials is its useful lifetime in the radioactive and chemical environment that will be encountered during waste processing. The focus of the work presented in this report is the radiation stability of the CS-100 and the RF resins. The scope of the testing included one test with a sample of the CS-100 resin and testing of two batches of the RF resin (BSC-187 and BSC-210). Samples of the exchangers were irradiated with a {sup 60}Co source to a total ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The first successful application of a new method to investigate phase transformations in real time, like the decomposition of austenite into bainite in grey iron, is described. During the ongoing transformation, transmission spectra of thermal neutrons, which contain Bragg edges corresponding to the crystal structure of the transforming phases, are recorded. By evaluating the height of these Bragg edges, which is a measure of the volume fraction of the phase, at different transformation times, the transformation can be followed in-situ in a time resolved manner. The method is compared to other previously used methods (micrographs, dilatometry, diffraction techniques); also a summary and an outlook are given. ((orig.))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A variational principle is proposed for defining that canonical transformation, continuously connected with the identity transformation, which minimizes the residual, coordinate-dependent part of the new Hamiltonian. The principle is based on minimization of the mean-square generalized force. The transformation reduces to the action-angle transformation in that part of the phase space of an integrable system where the orbit topology is that of the unperturbed system, or on primary KAM surfaces. General arguments in favor of this definition are given, based on Galilean invariance, decay of the Fourier spectrum, and its ability to include external fields or inhomogeneous systems. The optimal oscillation-center transformation for the physical pendulum, or particle in a sinusoidal potential, is constructed.

Science.gov (United States)

... Civil Engineering Page 2. ... 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Transforming Civil Engineering (Air Force Civil Engineer, Volume 15, Number 1, 2007) 5a. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Swollen basiodiospores of an adenine auxotroph of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were protoplasted with Novozyme 234 and transformed to prototrophy by using a plasmid containing the gene for an adenine biosynthetic enzyme from Schizophyllum commune. Transformation frequencies of 100 transformants per {mu}g of DNA were obtained. Southern blot analysis of DNA extracted from transformants demonstrated that plasmid DNA was integrated into the chromosomal DNA in multiple tandem copies. Analysis of conidia and basiodiospores from transformants demonstrated that the transforming character was mitotically and meiotically stable on both selective and nonselective media. Genetic crosses between double mutants transformed for adenine prototrophy and other auxotrophic strains yielded Ade{sup {minus}} progeny, which indicated that integration occurred at a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A fast multipole transformation is adapted to the evaluation of summations that occur in global climate calculations when transforming between spatial and spherical harmonic representations. For each summation, the timing of the fast multipole transformation scales linearly with the number of latitude gridpoints, but the timing for direct evaluations scales quadratically. In spite of a larger computational overhead, this scaling advantage renders the fast multipole method faster than direct evaluation for transformations involving greater than approximately 300 to 500 gridpoints. Convergence of the fast multipole transformation is accurate to machine precision. As the resolution in global climate calculations continues to increase, an increasingly large fraction of the computational work involves the transformation between spatial and spherical harmonic ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... 45 p. absorption spectroscopy errors lead lead 203 beta decay radioisotopes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The transfer function concept is well known as an additional method to evaluate the impulse test of power transformers in the test laboratory. Another application for the transfer function method is monitoring of transformers in service. Thereby, Off-line and On-line monitoring can be realized. Both kinds of monitoring are demonstrated with on-site measurements on a power transformer in service.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The transformation of two different types of glial cells has been studied using an in vivo-/in vitro model and a complete in vitro model. The purpose of the study and to define in vitro model systems is to study the the neoplastic transformation of pure populations of glial cells. Data are presented to demonstrate that the transformed cells are glial and tumorigenic. (ACR)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The use of stable indole-3yl-acetic acid (IAA) labeled by 6 atoms of ¹³C allowed, after [¹³C]IAA treatment, simultaneous gas chromatography-mass spectrometry quantifications of...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The {delta} {yields} {alpha}{prime} martensitic transformation in Pu-1.9 at.% Ga occurs when the alloy is cooled below about -100 C. This transformation exhibits anomalous behavior, where the isothermal transformation proceeds atypically with double-C kinetics. Recent work has revealed that an ambient temperature isothermal hold (referred to as conditioning) prior to the transformation has different effects depending on whether transformation proceeds in the upper- or lower-C of the double-C: the amount of transformation is increased with conditioning in the upper-C, while the transformation in the lower-C seems to be engendered by conditioning. The mechanism by which conditioning affects the low-temperature {delta} {yields} {alpha}{prime} transformation is thus of great importance to understanding the ...

CERN Document Server

A theory of nonunitary-invertible as well as unitary canonical transformations is formulated in the context of Weyl's phase space representations. Exact solutions of the transformation kernels and the phase space propagators are given for the three fundamental canonical maps as fractional-linear, gauge and contact (point) transformations. Under the nonlinear maps a phase space representation is mapped to another phase space representation thereby extending the standard concept of covariance. This extended covariance allows Dirac-Jordan transformation theory to naturally emerge from the Hilbert space representations in the Weyl quantization.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this study the results of mathematical simulation and experimental research of texture transition in stress assisted shear phase transformations are discussed. The orientation distribution function (ODF) calculation model to the any type crystalline lattice symmetry materials has been suggested. By crystalline lattice symmetry analysis this computer program determines necessary amount of the initial experimental data. The experimental verification supports this model well. The ODF calculation model after shear phase transformation with equal use of all possible variants of orientation relationship or with various degrees of variant selection worked out. In this study the experimental and calculating data of the direct and reversal shear transformations #alpha# <=> #gamma# in Fe-alloys and B2 <=> B19' in Ti-Ni alloys are discussed. The stress assisted shear phase transformation model and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In globulitic gray iron (3.6 wt.% C, 2.4 wt.% Si and 0.45 wt.% Mn) the decomposition of austenite into bainite is investigated in real time using a new method based on neutron scattering. During the phase transformation transmission spectra of thermal neutrons are continuously recorded containing specific Bragg edges. Thus, the transformation is followed in-situ time resolved by evaluating the relative (micro)structural fractions of the transforming phases from the heights of the corresponding Bragg edges. The progression of the transformation is described and the results are discussed. The observed late time deviations from the Avrami law are explained by residual stresses of the second kind (homogeneous microstresses), which occur during the transformation because of the different specific volumes of the phases. ((orig.)).

Science.gov (United States)

Photoelectron resonance capture ionization (PERCI) is a soft and sensitive ionization method, based on the attachment of low-energy (<1 eV) photoelectrons to organic analyte molecules. PERCI has been developed in our laboratory for the real-time analysis of organic particles by mass spectrometry, and is employed here to monitor the heterogeneous reaction of ozone with oleic acid. Simplified identification of the reaction products is possible as a result of the soft nature of PERCI, giving predominantly the [M--H](-) ions. The major particle-phase products are identified as: 1-nonanal, nonanoic acid, 9-oxononanoic acid, and azelaic acid, consistent with proposed mechanisms. New insight into this well-studied heterogeneous reaction is gained as additional minor particle-phase products, consistent with the Criegee mechanism, are readily detected. PMID:15468105

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An x-ray diffraction technique for determining thin-film thickness is presented which should prove to be a valuable alternative to the array of spectroscopies (Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, etc.) currently favored for these measurements. Some of the virtues of this x-ray diffraction approach are its nondestructive nature, fast data acquisition rate (enabling in situ observations), thickness resolution better than 5 nm, and conventional equipment requirements. Results are shown for Pd/sub 2/Si thin films grown during isothermal annealing of Pd coatings (100 nm) on Si at 200 /sup 0/C for various amounts of time. A comparison of these x-ray measurements with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry data taken from the same specimens is used to demonstrate the validity of the x-ray technique.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The quantitative measurement of carbon concentration-distance curves serves as fundamental prerequisite for the evaluation of rim zone properties connected with decarburisation processes in material science. This was shown in part 1 of the present work with two samples from through-hardenable rolling bearing steel 100Cr6 (SAE 52100) austenitised in different oxidising atmospheres by position dependent determination of hardness, residual stresses, and X-ray line broadening ({l_brace}211{r_brace} {alpha}'-Fe diffraction line). In practice, it is important to predict carbon concentration-distance curves under prevailing heat treatment conditions or to conclude conversely from profile measurements. Based on a refined kinetics model of a diffusion-controlled process, part 2 therefore presents a simulation tool developed by means of the finite element method (FEM). Apart from the concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient, it also considers the decarburisation induced ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Transformed Drosophila Kc cell lines, resistant to methotrexate, an inhibitor of de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis, have been obtained by calcium phosphate transfection of plasmids containing...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The rate and capacity for chloroform (CF) and trichloroethylene (TCE) transformation by a mixed methanotrophic culture of resting cells (no exogenous energy source) and formate-fed cells were measured....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many assays for oncogenic transformation have been developed ranging from those in established rodent cell lines where morphological alteration is scored, to those in human cells growing in nude mice where tumor invasiveness is scored. In general, systems that are most quantitaive are also the least relevant in terms of human carcinogenesis and human risk estimation. The development of cell culture systems has made it possible to assess at the cellular level the oncogenic potential of a variety of chemical, physical and viral agents. Cell culture systems afford the opportunity to identify factors and conditions that may prevent or enhance cellular transformation by radiation and chemicals. Permissive and protective factors in radiation-induced transformation include thyroid hormone and the tumor promoter TPA that increase the transformation incidence for a given dose of radiation, and retinoids, ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Understanding the interactions between herpesviruses and their host cells and also the interactions between neoplastically transformed cells and the host immune system is fundamental to understanding...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundFourier Transform Infrared Imaging (FTIRI) is used to investigate the amide anisotropies at different surfaces of a three-dimensional cartilage or tendon block. With the...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Competent Haemophilus cells recognize and preferentially take up Haemophilus DNA during genetic transformation. This preferential uptake is correlated with the presence on incoming DNA of an 11-base-pair...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We have developed a method to extract and separate phytochelatins (PCs)—metal(loid) complexes using parallel metal(loid)-specific (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) and organic-specific...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A fast and sensitive LC-ESI-MS method is described for the comparative quantification of 16 estrogen metabolites based on the derivatization of estrogens with a novel derivatizing reagent, N-methyl-nicotinic...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundLiquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is one of the major techniques for the quantification of metabolites in complex biological samples. Peak modeling is one...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This study was conducted to determine by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) the identity and the quantity of volatile N products produced during the helium-purged in vivo...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Our goal was to determine whether chlorpyrifos oxon, dichlorvos, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), and sarin covalently bind to human albumin. Human albumin or plasma was treated with organophosphorus...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The dissociation of methylal is investigated using mass spectrometry, combined with a pyrolytic radical source and femtosecond pump probe experiments. Based on preliminary results two reaction paths of methylal dissociation are proposed and discussed. (author) 4 fig., 3 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new method for the determination of {sup 237}Np and Pu isotopes in large soil samples has been developed that provides enhanced uranium removal to facilitate assay by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This method allows rapid preconcentration and separation of plutonium and neptunium in large soil samples for the measurement of {sup 237}Np and Pu isotopes by ICP-MS. {sup 238}U can interfere with {sup 239}Pu measurement by ICP-MS as {sup 238}UH{sup +} mass overlap and {sup 237}Np via {sup 238}U peak tailing. The method provides enhanced removal of uranium by separating Pu and Np initially on TEVA Resin, then transferring Pu to DGA resin for additional purification. The decontamination factor for removal of uranium from plutonium for this method is greater than 1 x 10{sup 6}. Alpha spectrometry can also be applied so that the shorter-lived {sup 238}Pu isotope can be measured successfully. {sup 239}Pu, {sup 242}Pu and {sup ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The binding mode of telomestatin to G-quadruplex DNA has been investigated using electrospray mass spectrometry, by detecting the intact complexes formed in ammonium acetate. The mass measurements show...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Isothermal transformation kinetics of austenite to acicular ferrite and allotriomorphic ferrite were measured in reheated low alloy steel weld deposits with similar weld compositions and austenite grain size but different inclusion characteristics. Accelerated kinetics of transformation to acicular ferrite were observed in weld metal containing coarser and titanium-rich inclusions. In contrast, kinetics of transformation to allotriomorphic ferrite were not influenced by inclusion characteristics, but, rather, by the austenite grain size and carbon concentration.

Science.gov (United States)

... mutagenic, while two potential environmental transformation products, 1,4- diaminoanthraq Ynone and 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone are strongly ...

Science.gov (United States)

... of these points corresponds to the ( " 2) term in ... (d) is identical to the 1-sigma ellipse corresponding ... A new approach to linear filtering and predicted ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Training System (JMATS) for joint C-130J training. However, the ... the C-130J's being procured by the Air Force. A logical ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Transforming the NDS into a Strategic Materials Security Program (SMSP), a more comprehensive and flexible risk management process would ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udgivelsesdato: DEC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Double-crystal high-resolution x-ray fluorescence spectrometry was applied to the state analysis of sulfur in coal and related fly ash. For total sulfur, a proportional relationship exists between fluorescence intensities and the analytical values obtained by the oxygen-combustion method. Two oxidation states of sulfur were identified by a least square curve fitting method, by assuming that the spectrum profile is identical for each sulfur state but the intensity and position are different. The chemical state of sulfur in coal and remaining in fly ash is discussed.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Correct prediction of the fission products inventory in irradiated nuclear fuels is essential for accurate estimation of fuel burnup, establishing proper requirements for spent fuel transportation and storage, materials accountability and nuclear forensics. Such prediction is impossible without accurate knowledge of neutron induced fission yields. The uncertainty of the fission yields reported in the ENDF/B-VII.0 library is not uniform across all of the data and much of the improvement is desired for certain fissioning isotopes and fission products. We discuss our measurements of cumulative fission yields in nuclear fuels irradiated in thermal and fast reactor spectra using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Purex process and the fluorescence spectrometry are first recalled, then uranyl fluorescence is studied in a pure nitric medium without other elements to establish a theoretical model, allowing the description of uranium fluorescence signal with a general equation. The influence of different parameters (temperature, inhibitors, dynamic quenching of iron and cerium) is investigated to develop the model. A quantitative analysis method without addition of reagents is proposed to validate the model.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Isotopic analyses of radioactive materials such as irradiated nuclear fuel are of major importance for the optimization of the nuclear fuel cycle and for safeguard aspects. Among the mass-spectrometric techniques available, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and thermal ionization mass spectrometry are the most frequently applied methods for nuclear applications. Because of the low detection limits, the ability to analyze the isotopic composition of the elements and the applicability of the techniques for measuring stable as well as radioactive nuclides with similar sensitivity, both mass-spectrometric techniques are an excellent amendment to classical radioactivity counting methods. The paper describes selected applications of multicollector ICP-MS in combination with c...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A database has been designed for storing, retrieving and analyzing information about samples, experimental conditions and results obtained by neutron activation analysis and gamma-ray spectrometry. It has been created using Microsoft ACCESS 2002 under a Windows operating system. The database has been designed not only for saving information but also for quality assurance and quality control purposes. The structure of the relational design has been discussed and demonstrated with a new graphical feature of ACCESS 2002 called PIVOTCHART. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

The TTT diagrams describing the beta to alpha isothermal transformation have been made by isothermal dilatometry for pure uranium and 21 alloys based on chromium, silicon, molybdenum, iron, aluminium, zirconium. The thermal cycle preceeding the isothermal...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The structural changes attendant on intermartensitic transformation in a Ni-Mg-Ga shape memory alloy are considered using magneto-optical visualization with the help of ferrite-garnet monocrystalline films. It is established that on the intermartensitic transformation the complete reorganization of martensite macrostructure fails. Martensite crystals resulted from the basic transformation change somewhat their sizes on intermartensitic transition. The existence of large-scale labyrinth magnetic domain structure is revealed

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new method that allows rapid preconcentration and separation of plutonium and neptunium in water samples was developed for the measurement of "2"3"7Np and Pu isotopes by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and alpha spectrometry. "2"3"8U can interfere with "2"3"9Pu measurement by ICP-MS as "2"3"8UH"+ mass overlap and "2"3"7Np via peak tailing. The method provide enhanced removal of uranium by separating Pu and Np initially on TEVA Resin, then moving Pu to DGA resin for additional removal of uranium. The decontamination factor for uranium from Pu is almost 100,000 and the decontamination factor for U from Np is greater than 10,000. This method uses stacked extraction chromatography cartridges and vacuum box technology to facilitate rapid separations. Preconcentration is performed using a streamlined calcium phosphate precipitation method. Purified solutions are split between ICP-MS and alpha spectrometry ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This document consist of brief reports prepared by postdoctoral students supported by the project, each describing his accomplishments under the grant. Topics include (1) Malignant Transformation of MSU-1. 1 Cells by Gamma Radiation, (2) Correlation between Levels of ras Expression and Presence of Transformed Phenotypes Including Tumorigenicity, Using a Modulatable Promoter, (3) Relation between Specific rad Oncogene Expression, (4) Correlation of Genetic Changes in Fibroblastic Tumors with Malignancies, (5)Transformation of MSU-1.1 Cells by sis Oncogene, (6) Malignant Transformation of MSU-1.0 Cells, (7) Correlation of Urokinase Plasminogen Activation (mu-PA) with Malignant Phenotype, (8)Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Studies of the Proteins of the Major Cell Strains of the MSU-1 Family of Cells, and (9) Correlation between Proteinase Activity Levels and Malignancy.

Science.gov (United States)

A new approach of gear fault diagnosis based on continuous wavelet transform is presented. Continuous wavelet transform can provide a finer scale resolution than orthogonal wavelet transform. It is more suitable for extracting mechanical fault information. In this paper, the concept of time-averaged wavelet spectrum (TAWS) based on Morlet continuous wavelet transform is proposed. Two fault diagnosis methods named spectrum comparison method (SCM) and feature energy method (FEM) based on TAWS are established. The results of the application to gearbox gear fault diagnosis show that TAWS can effectively extract gear fault information. The feature energy of the TAWS features the gear fault advancement very well and is conically proportional to the gear fault advancement.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Metastable austenitic steels show excellent mechanical properties, such as high strength combined with excellent ductility and toughness due to martensitic transformation under mechanical loading (transformation induced plasticity effect). A good energy consumption, and, in the case of high-alloyed metastable austenitic steels, a high corrosion resistance, increase the potential of these materials for diverse applications, also in regard of safety requirements. Up to now, numerous wrought alloys were investigated concerning mechanical behaviour, TRIP-effect, martensitic transformation behaviour and modelling of transformation kinetics or stress-strain behaviour. New high alloyed cast CrMnNi-steels, developed at Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, provide the chance to reduce processing steps, production time and costs. In order to understand the influence of temperature on the martensitic phase ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to verify long-term reliability of amorphous alloy wound core distribution transformers, accelerated aging tests and field trials used by actual transformers were practiced. As for accelerated aging tests, short-circuit tests were added to imitate mechanical stress in operation on a utility's distribution system. As a result, even after the equivalent of 30 years, which was the normal expected transformer's life, magnetic characteristic was unchanged, so these transformers could be operated. Also, about field trials, two hundred transformers of four kinds were installed on a utility's distribution system to look into no-load characteristics. They were equipped with a mechanism to measure load current, background vibration and lightning surge current, so the influence for magnetic characteristic could be inspected. As a result, remarkable change ...

CERN Document Server

The Rabi Hamiltonian, describing the coupling of a two-level system to a single quantized boson mode, is studied in the Bargmann-Fock representation. The corresponding system of differential equations is transformed into a canonical form in which all regular singularities between zero and infinity have been removed. The canonical or Birkhoff-transformed equations give rise to a two-dimensional eigenvalue problem, involving the energy and a transformational parameter which affects the coupling strength. The known isolated exact solutions of the Rabi Hamiltonian are found to correspond to the uncoupled form of the canonical system.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The wave equation for spin;1/2 tachyons is derived from the Dirac equation and the principle of relativity extended to superluminal Lorentz frames. From this wave equation and the Dirac equation infinite velocity spinor transformations are obtained. They yield bispinors of the plane-wave states of the tachyon, their interpretation and covariant orthogonality relations satisfied by them. The transformation properties of the bispinors under Lorentz transformation are discussed. The boundary conditions for the free propagator of wave functions of tachyons are obtained and the propagator is constructed. Then the covariant S-matrix for scattering from an electromagnetic field is derived. It is applied to the scattering of electron-tachyons from the Coulomb field.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Magnetic properties of a recently developed Fe-based amorphous alloy with a high saturation induction of 1.65 T are reviewed. The increased saturation induction is fully utilized in transformers with reduced magnetic losses, physical sizes and audible noises, minimizing some of the drawbacks of amorphous metal-based transformers based on a currently available amorphous alloy. Impacts of this on the worldwide energy savings and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are discussed. A recent effort in achieving a saturation induction beyond 1.65 T in nanocrystalline alloys is mentioned.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Although clinic environments are a primary location for exchanging information with clinicians, patients experience these spaces as harsh environments to access, use, exchange, and manage information....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The space derivation term of a wave equation is accurately calculated using Fourier transform method, and the wave equation only relating to time derivative in time-space domain is derived. Solving this equation with the aid of central difference method brings the numerical recursion formula for forward modeling or reverse time migration of seismic wave field in the medium in which seismic velocity varies. The key to this method lies in introducing two auxiliary wave fields relating to velocity and spacial frequency of Fourier transform respectively after multi-dimensional Fourier transform respectively after multi-dimensional Fourier transform of space vector is made. Theoretically, this method is suitable to the forward modeling and migration of seismic wave field in complex area where seismic velocity and structure shape vary arbitrarily. Theoretical results proved this method satisfactory.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Myriad genetic and epigenetic alterations are required to drive normal cells toward malignant transformation. These somatic events commandeer many signaling pathways that cooperate to endow aspiring...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

By proposing the four-dimensional, reciprocity transformations the appropriate condition for superluminal electromagnetic Cerenkov radiation is obtained by introducing the hypothesis that tachyons possess vector energy and scalar momentum.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amorphous metals have an atomic structure resembling that of glass, and have high strength, toughness, and excellent magnetic properties for transformer applications. This type of metal has the potential to reduce the core losses of electromagnetic apparatus by 70-75% compared to the best grain-oriented silicon iron currently used. If all 4 million distribution transformers now in service in Canada were replaced by the more efficient amorphous units, it is estimated that over 5.25 billion kWh of energy could be saved annually. The experience of the General Electric (GE) Company and other researchers with operation of amorphous transformers is described. GE first tried operating amorphous metal transformers on a utility distribution system in April 1982. The shell-type cruciform design showed stable, low-loss performance over eight years of service. GE and the Electric Power Research Institute cooperated ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

There is a requirement for a noninvasive technique to monitor stem cell differentiation. Several candidates based on optical spectroscopy are discussed in this review: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Summary brochure of GeoPowering the West (GPW) activities, and areas of technology transfer and market transformation. It also provides current contact information for key DOE and national laboratory staff representing the GPW program.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We consider the Pauli theorem on the spin-statistics connection for faster-than-light particles. As the consequence of the unlocalizability of tachyons in space we conclude that their spin-statistics correlations are inverted.

CERN Document Server

A transformation monoid on a set Omega is called synchronizing if it contains an element of rank 1 (that is, mapping the whole of Omega to a single point). In this paper, I tackle the question: given n and k, what is the probability that the submonoid of the full transformation monoid T_n generated by k random transformations is synchronizing? This question is analogous to Dixon's Theorem that two random permutations generate the symmetric or alternating group with high probability. Following the technique of Dixon's theorem, we need to analyse the maximal non-synchronizing submonoids of T_n. I develop a very close connection between transformation monoids and graphs, from which we obtain a description of non-synchronizing monoids as endomorphism monoids of graphs satisfying some very strong conditions. However, counting such graphs, and dealing with the intersections of their endomorphism monoids, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... structure crystal-phase transformations fluorescence fluorescence spectroscopy

Wastenet

...smart grid applications where you could place them very close to the high-voltage transmission lines , very close to transformers and so on. Photo:...

Science.gov (United States)

... transformed at 705°C. The cooling rate and temperature dependence of matrix decomposition for Ti6242 was thus similar to that for Ti64 x [9]. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Methods for the synthesis and quantitation of the novel choline analogues, telluronium choline and acetyltelluronium choline, are described. An assay procedure utilizing pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) with cold trapping was developed with [2H4]telluronium choline and [2H4]acetyltelluronium choline as internal standards. The telluronium compounds were ion-pair extracted from tissue with dipicrylamine, washed with 2-butanone, and pyrolyzed prior to GC-MS analysis. The compounds were monitored using selected ion monitoring at m/z 232 and m/z 190 for acetyltelluronium and telluronium choline, respectively, and at m/z 236 and m/z 194 for the analogous deuterated internal standards. The assay was linear over a range of 20 pmol-20 nmol of compound taken through the assay. PMID:8130881

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A simple, sensitive and rapid method for analysis of granisetron in human plasma, utilizing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), has been developed and validated to satisfy FDA guidelines for bioanalytical methods. The analyte and internal standard (IS) were isolated from 100ml plasma samples by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). A Varian 1200l tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source was operated in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with the precursor-to-product ion transitions m/z 313.4/138 for granisetron and m/z 270/201 for the IS used for quantitation. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.02-20ng/ml for granisetron in human plasma. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.02ng/ml with a relative standard deviati...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Photoelectron resonance capture ionization (PERCI) mass spectrometry has been developed for the direct online analysis of organics, including lipids. Analysis is conducted without the need for sample preparation or chemical derivatization such as methylation, foregoing the use of harmful or toxic chemicals. PERCI is currently being adapted towards the analysis of edible oils. Herein, as a proof of principle of the simplicity and potential utility of this method towards the analysis of edible oils, we present the analysis of the prevalent fatty acids (FA) in Tuscan extra-virgin olive oil along with triolein and linolenic acid (LNA) standards. Ionization of olive oil results in little fragmentation of the prevalent FA, which are measured as their molecular ions, [FA-H]-. The relative concent...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of sugar on plant metabolism, which is known to be similar to hormone-like signaling, was metabolomically studied using Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). The metabolite profiles of M. officinalis treated with sucrose were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 64 metabolites from various chemical classes including alcohols, amines, amino acids, fatty acids, inorganic acids, organic acids, phosphates, and sugars were identified by GC-MS. Three groups treated with different sucrose concentrations were clearly separated by PCA of their metabolite profiles, indicating changes in the levels of many metabolites depending on the sucrose concentration. Metabolite profiling revealed that treatment with a higher sucrose ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The indium implant damage and diffusion behavior in thin silicon-on-insulator (SOI) with a 200 nm top silicon layer were studied for different implantation energies and doses. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in the channeling mode (RBS/C) was used to characterize the implant damage before and after annealing. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to study the indium transient enhanced diffusion (TED) behavior in the top Si layer of the SOI structure. An anomalous redistribution of indium after relatively high energy (200 keV) and dose (1 x 10"1"4 cm"-"2) implantation was observed in both bulk Si and SOI substrates. However, there exist differences in these two substrates that are attributable to the more predominant out-diffusion of indium as well as the influence of the buried oxide layer in the SOI structure.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Breath analysis could offer a non-invasive means of intravenous drug monitoring if robust correlations between drug concentrations in breath and blood can be established. In this study, propofol blood and breath concentrations were determined in an animal model under varying physiological conditions. Propofol concentrations in breath were determined by means of two independently calibrated analytical methods: continuous, real-time proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and discontinuous solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Blood concentrations were determined by means of SPME-GC-MS. Effects of changes in pulmonary blood flow resulting in a decreased cardiac output (CO) and effects of dobutamine administration resulting in...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PHB), lamotrigine (LTG), and topiramate (TPM) are some of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Monitoring of their concentrations in serum is important for the treatment of epilepsy. A reference measurement procedure (RMP) for certification of PHT, PHB, LTG, and TPM in serum has been developed and critically evaluated. Isotopically labeled compounds of PHT, PHB, LTG, and TPM are used as internal standards for the four AEDs. The four drugs and their respective labeled internal standards are simultaneously extracted from serum using solid-phase extraction prior to reversed-phase liquid chromatography?tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was performed using a C18 column. Electrospray ionization (ESI) in the positive ion mo...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The paper describes novel analytical methods developed for the detection of previous neutron irradiation and reprocessing of illicit nuclear materials, which is an important characteristic of nuclear materials of unknown origin in nuclear forensics. Alpha spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma sector-field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) using solution nebulization and direct, quasi-non-destructive laser ablation as sample introduction were applied for the measurement of trace-level "2"3"2U, "2"3"6U and plutonium isotopes deriving from previous neutron irradiation of uranium-containing nuclear materials. The measured radionuclides and isotope ratios give important information on the raw material used for fuel production and enable confirm the supposed provenance of illicit nuclear material.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Among pharmaceuticals and personal care products released into the aquatic environment, antibiotics are of particular concern, because of their ubiquity and health effects. Although scientists have recently paid more attention to the threat of antibiotics to coastal ecosystems, researchers have often focused on relatively few antibiotics, because of the absence of suitable analytical methods. We have therefore developed a method for the rapid detection of 36 antibiotic residues in coastal waters, including tetracyclines (TCs), sulfanilamides (SAs), and quinolones (QLs). The method consists of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. The SPE was performed with Oasis HLB and Oasi...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The alpha particle induced fission of {sup 209}Bi has been investigated for E{sub {alpha}} = 55.7 and 58.6 MeV using gamma ray spectrometry. The cross sections for the production of fission products have been determined. The mass distributions have been found to be broad with a peak near mass 104. The charge distribution has been studied at the same particle energies. The fractional cumulative yields of {sup 97}Zr, {sup 99}Mo, {sup 101}Mo, {sup 112}Pd and {sup 117m}Cd have been determined using gamma ray spectrometry. The width of charge distribution is broad. (orig.).

Science.gov (United States)

A means of determination of a ctive hydrogen of hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, amino, amido and sulfonamido groups by chemical ionization mass spectrometry using ammonia and trideuterioammonia as reagent gases is described. The method is based on exchange of active hydrogen for deuterium occurring during the chemical ionization process using trideuterioammonia, with comparison of m/z for ammonium adduct [M + NH1]+ and trideuterioammonium adduct [M--nH + nD + ND4]+, or of protonated molecular ion [M + H]+ and deuteronated molecular ion [M--nH + nD + D]+ yielding the number of active hydrogens. Applications have been made to several classes of biologically important compounds. PMID:427257

CERN Document Server

We derive the explicit formula for the joint Laplace transform of the Wishart process and its time integral which extends the original approach of Bru. We compare our methodology with the alternative results given by the variation of constants method, the linearization of the Matrix Riccati ODE's and the Runge-Kutta algorithm. The new formula turns out to be fast, accurate and very useful for applications when dealing with stochastic volatility and stochastic correlation modelling.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors investigate anomalous terms in finite superconformal transformations in N = 4 SU(2)-extended superconformal algebras (SCA). Based on the superspace formalism they obtain super Schwarzian derivatives for the N = 4 SCA. Solutions for global superconformal transformations with the vanishing super-Schwarzian derivatives are given.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We propose two schemes for the implementation of quantum discrete Fourier transform in the ion trap system. In each scheme we design a tunable two-qubit phase gate as the main ingredient. The experimental implementation of the schemes would be an important step toward complex quantum computation in the ion trap system.

CERN Document Server

A general theorem on the GBDT version of the B\\"acklund-Darboux transformation for systems rationally depending on the spectral parameter is treated and its applications to nonlinear equations are given. Explicit solutions of direct and inverse problems for Dirac-type systems, including systems with singularities, and for the system auxiliary to the $N$-wave equation are reviewed. New results on explicit construction of the wave functions for radial Dirac equation are obtained.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article describes the techniques for monitoring electric power transformers applied by the Light to select and recover critical unities. The plan involved 20 and 40 MV A equipment and, as a reflex of the technique application, presented a substantial failure reduction.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Irrespective of supersymmetry, it is interesting to understand the special properties of theories admitting duality rotations. The Lagrangian of such a theory is not invariant under the transformations, nor does it change by a total derivative, but it transforms in a particular way which implies that the system of the equations of motion is invariant and that observables, such as the energy momentum tensor and therefore the total energy and momentum, are invariant. The main results of a recent paper on the properties of theories admitting duality rotations written in collaboration with M. K. Gaillard (1981) are described.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The three mammalian transforming growth factor (TGF)-β isoforms (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) differ in their putative roles in radiation-induced fibrosis in intestine...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machine condition monitoring (MCM) has the capability to predict equipment maintenance needs which can reduce forced down-time and facilitate the avoidance of catastrophic failures and the consequential secondary damage. It can be used to allow confident deferral of routine maintenance, and improve equipment performance, availability, reliability and safety. In order to capitalize on the potential benefits of MCM directed toward power transformers two types of vibration tests were conducted on transformers owned and operated by Cargill Inc. and IES Utilities at the Bridgeport corn plant in Eddyville, Iowa. These tests involved collecting vibration signals from the transformer tank walls during transformer energization at no-load and during steady state operation at various loads. These vibration signals were then used to detect deterioration of internal mechanical integrity. Both types of tests ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Plant roots release about 5% to 20% of all photosynthetically-fixed carbon, and as a result create a carbon-rich environment for numerous rhizosphere organisms, including plant pathogens and symbiotic...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We describe the early stage of development of an engineering model portable, real-time neutron spectrometer. Several systems of two distinct detector types, a helium 3 gas filled proportional counter and a bulk silicon solid state detector, will be necessary to cover the energy range from thermal to 500 MeV. The advantages and disadvantages of using a moderator were investigated experimentally.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Following a recent refurbishment of the NPL Thermal Neutron Facility, the spectrum of the epithermal and fast neutron component of the beam produced by the thermal column of this facility was measured over the energy range from thermal to 20 MeV using a Bonner sphere spectrometry system. The effect of the presence of epithermal and fast neutrons on the measured response of commonly-used thermal neutron dosemeters was calculated. (author)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Chemical contamination can be one of the more common problems encountered when performing trace-level analysis regardless of the analytical technique. Minimizing or eliminating background interferences...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Natural radioactive materials were used for detector calibration. We found that KCl is a very suitable material for this purpose. The efficiency curve shape was derived by using {gamma} ray lines of {sup 214}Bi normalised using a known quantity of KCl in the same geometry. The best fit was found by the least squares method. The summing correction coefficients for {sup 214}Bi are determined. (orig.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were measured by quantitative gas chromatography-selected ion monitoringmass spectrometry in the extraxylary region of the stem of large Pinus...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radionuclide x-ray fluorescence analysis was used for the determination of Y, Ba and Cu in thin high-temperature superconducting films. Atomic emission ICP spectrometry was used to estimate the precision and accuracy of analytical results. Reasonable agreement between both methods was obtained when a polynomial calibration curve was applied. (author) 4 refs.; 4 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence technique was used for the determination of Titanium (Ti) and Zirconium (Zr) in red mud by using a standard addition method. An annular {sup 241}Am source is employed for excitation of K shells of elements. 13 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

By treatment of ?-substituted acetylacetone derivatives with boron trifluoride etherate a series of earlier unknown boron difluoride complexes is obtained. The series includes binuclear complexes containing boron in the chelate fragment connected via sulfur or selenium atom. Gas chromatographic and spectral characteristics of the obtained compounds were investigated. By means of chromato-mass spectrometry their reaction with hydrazine in acidic and alkaline media was studied

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In recent years it has become evident from epidemiological and experimental data that a large number of environmental factors, including diet, play a role in modifying the incidence of cancer. Cell culture systems in which oncogenic transformation serves as an end point are powerful tools for evaluating these questions. Using such systems it has been shown recently that pyrolysis products from charred surfaces of broiled meat and fish can transform hamster embryo cells in vitro as well as produce tumors in the animal. Our studies in vitro have demonstrated the oncogenic potential of ionizing radiation in both hamster and human cells and have established in hamster cells the dose response relationship at doses ranging from 1 to 600 rad for x-rays and 0.1 to 150 rad for neutrons. The present work was aimed at evaluating whether there exists a cocarcinogenic interaction between a pyrolysis product and x-rays in their ability to ...

Science.gov (United States)

This paper presents a novel feature extraction scheme for roller bearing fault diagnosis utilizing generalized S transform and two-dimensional non-negative matrix factorization (2DNMF). The generalized S transform, which can make up the poor energy concentration of the standard S transform, is introduced to generate the time-frequency representation (TFR). Experiment results on simulated signal and vibration signals measured from rolling element bearings have revealed that the generalized S transform can obtain a more satisfactory TFR than other similar techniques. Furthermore, a new technique called two-dimensional non-negative matrix factorization (2DNMF), which can reduce the computation cost and preserve more structure information hiding in original 2D matrices compared to the NMF, is developed to extract more informative features from the time-frequency matrixes for accurate fault classification. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Damage and cyclic fatigue failure under alternating loading in transformation-toughened zirconia ceramics is reviewed and compared to corresponding behavior under quasi-static loading (static fatigue). Current understanding of the role of transformation toughening in influencing cyclic fatigue-crack propagation behavior is examined based on studies which altered the extent of the tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation in MG-PSZ through subeutectoid aging. These studies suggest that near-tip computations of the crack-driving force (in terms of the local stress intensity) can be used to predict crack-growth behavior under constant amplitude and variable-amplitude (spectrum) loading, using spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy to measure the extent of the transformation zones. In addition, results are reviewed which rationalize distinctions between the crack-growth behavior of preexisting, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have investigated the microstructure evolutions in the Ti17 near #beta# titanium alloy during heat treatments. The phase transformation has first been studied experimentally by combining X-ray diffraction analysis, electrical resistivity and microscopy observations. From a series of isothermal treatments, a IT diagram has been determined, which takes into account the different morphologies. Then, a Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) model has been successfully used to describe the phase transformation kinetics during either isothermal or cooling treatments. Finally, the coupling of the JMAK model to the finite element software ZeBuLoN allowed us to investigate the evolution of the spatial distribution of the different morphologies during the cooling of an aircraft engine shaft disk after forging.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Resonant overvoltages in EHV transformers can be initiated by transmission line faults. A series of field tests were performed on the 151 mile long Kammer-Marysville 765 kV line in which a sequence of single line to ground faults were applied to one outside phase at 4 different locations. Fault location criteria and fault initiation procedures are presented. Oscillograms recorded the 3 phase response at both terminals of the line; one is transformer terminated, the other is open-ended. A frequency spectrum analysis of the waveforms is provided showing transient frequencies of sufficient magnitude and duration near the EHV transformer's resonant frequency to stimulate internal winding resonant overvoltages. Digital computer studies are presented and agree with the field tests quite favorably.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zirconia has demonstrated a very moderate toughening effect in nitrogen-based ceramic composites because the reaction between tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO_2) and nitrogen results in additional zirconia stabilization to a nontransformable t' or cubic structure. In O'-SiAlON matrices, the oxygen concentration increases and the oxygen-rich intergranular glassy phase prevents zirconia from nitridation. As a result, tetragonal ZrO_2 is maintained and is transformable in the O'-SiAlON materials. The present study has provided transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evidence of the zirconia transformation and the associated toughening effect in a ZrO_2/O'-SiAlON composite. The implications and limitations of the transformation on toughening of the material are discussed.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An improved singular value decomposition method of gear fault identification based on Hilbert-Huang transform was proposed to overcome the problem of reconstructing a feature matrix of singular value decomposition. The method includes three steps. First, the instantaneous frequency and amplitude matrices were acquired by Hilbert-Huang transform from faulted gear signals. Second, after the matrices were decomposed by singular value decomposition, the defined distances of singular value vectors and the optimal threshold of the distance for classification were calculated. Third, the fault characteristics of a gearbox were identified and classified by the threshold of the distances. The result demonstrates that the proposed method effectively identifies the gear fault and can realize an automa...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As a general approach to the problem of precursive behavior in alloys that undergo a displacive transformation, defect theories are becoming increasingly popular. However, the microscopic origin of the proposed defects is usually not considered. Yu and Anderson (1984) have argued that properties of strong-coupling superconductors, such as the A-15 compounds, imply a breakdown of Migdal's theorem (the adiabatic, or Born-Oppenheimer approximation for separation of electrons and phonons) in these systems. The electron-phonon coupling is so strong that it must be incorporated already in zeroth order. This is the basis for local phonon models, in which the electron-phonon coupling provides an effective double well potential for a localized group of atoms. The Yu-Anderson model and an analogous local Jahn-Teller model (Abell, 1983) are reviewed in connection with displacive transformations in strong-coupling alloys.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There are two types in quench distortion of steel parts: thermal distortion and transformation distortion. Quench distortion is caused mainly by uneven cooling rate of steel parts from Austenitising temperature. The rapid cooled side is lengthened (convex deformation); the slow cooled side is shortened (concave deformation). So, to control the quench distortion, it is necessary to regulate the cooling rate of steel parts during quenching. TWO COMPONENTS produce the quench distortion of steel parts: the thermal stress and transformation stress. Generally, the effect of the thermal stress on the quench distortion is stronger than the transformation stress. The quench distortion is caused by uneven cooling rate of the steel parts, from Austenitising temperature to Ms point and Ms-Mf range. So, to control the quench distortion, it is very important to regulate the cooling rate of the steel parts during quenching. The purpose of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Composting of sawdust and paper mill sludge, using a 'Kneer' process reactor, was studied in an attempt to elaborate upon organic matter transformation during the process and to define parameters to measure the compost maturity level. Temperature, electron paramagnetic resonance data, ash and C, H, N and S contents, and a spectroscopic method using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) for alkaline (pH = 8.5) and solid samples was used to study the maturity of the compost samples. These parameters were measured in 6 humic acids extracted from the compost samples during 29 days. The results of this work show that the 'Kneer' process is efficient in transforming ligno-celulitic residues in a short time (29 days), into an organic fertilizer material with application perspectives (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We present an empirical model for periodic variations of diurnal and sub-diurnal Earth rotation parameters (ERPs) that was derived based on the transformation of normal equation (NEQ) systems of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observing sessions. NEQ systems that contain highly resolved polar motion and UT1-TAI with a temporal resolution of 15?min were generated and then transformed to the coefficients of the tidal ERP model to be solved for. To investigate the quality of this model, comparisons with empirical models from the Global Positioning System (GPS), another VLBI model and the model adopted by the conventions of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) were performed. The absolute coefficients of these models agree almost completely within 7.5?...

Science.gov (United States)

... feet wide. Tree mulch, cotton gin trash, river sand VC: 11,600 Sulfate: 1,500 to 2,000 mg/L Parsons, 2007b PCE: 3,400 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is shown that the interaction of a class of positive energy tachyons decreases the area of the horizon of the T-S, delta = 3 metric even in the case of a reversible transformation (Msub(ir) = constant). This is a violation of the second law of black hole physics. (author).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are potentially devastating, and due to their asymptomatic behavior, pose a serious health risk characterized by the lack of medical treatment options and high...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Depleted uranium (DU) is a dense heavy metal used primarily in military applications. Although the health effects of occupational uranium exposure are well known, limited data exist regarding the long-term...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Domestic, low-level exposure to radon gas is considered a major environmental lung-cancer hazard involving DNA damage to bronchial cells by α particles from radon progeny. At domestic exposure...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An alloy of composition Ti-4.4 wt.% Ta-1.9 wt.% Nb is being developed as a structural material for corrosion applications, as titanium and its alloys possess excellent corrosion resistance in many oxidizing media. The primary physical metallurgy database for the Ti-4.4 wt.% Ta-1.9 wt.% Nb alloy is being presented for the first time. Determination of the #beta# transus, M_s temperature and classification of the alloy have been carried out, employing a variety of microscopy techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-hardness and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The #beta# transition temperature or #beta# transus determined using different experimental techniques was found to agree very well with evaluations based on empirical calculations. Based on chemistry and observed room temperature microstructure, the alloy has been classified as an #alpha# + #beta# titanium alloy. The high temperature #beta# transforms to either #alpha#' or #alpha# + #beta# by a ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A DNA sequence encoding the A chain of ricin toxin (RTA) from the castor bean plant, Ricinus communis, was placed under GAL1 promoter control and transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Induction...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The quaternionic formalism for subluminal field equations (Maxwell's equations) and its interrelationship with complex superluminal Lorentz transformations have been given and it has been shown that the quaternionic forms of relativistic equations describe tachyons.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

To delineate the mechanisms of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) pathogenesis, four full-length BLV clones, 1, 8, 9, and 13, derived from the transformed cell line FLK-BLV and a clone construct, pBLV913,...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We study the impact of non-Abelian T-duality transformations on a string based cosmological model. The implementation of the pre-big-bang scenario is investigated. We found a region of the dual phase where such a picture is possible.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Nilsson Plate High Frequency Adaptation of the Static Electrification Monitor developed by Electric Research and Management, Inc. for EPRI has demonstrated that the Nilsson Plate can be utilized as a practical high frequency antenna to record partial discharge activity within a transformer. Tests in the ABB factory at Muncie, IN on a 650 MVA, 345/20.9 kV, three-phase unit step-up transformer for TU Electric showed the Nilsson plate detecting partial discharge activity. Although this test was the first attempt at using the Nilsson plate in this manner, and in spite of higher than expected electrical noise levels, the data demonstrated that partial discharges can be detected. The tests also demonstrated that corona activity external to the transformer was not recorded by the plate. Some development work needs to be completed to eliminate the noise source from other monitors on the Static Electrification monitor, and to ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Evidence is presented for a distinctive type of hippocampal synaptic modification [previously described for a molluscan gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synapse after paired pre- and postsynaptic excitation]:...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Two gram-negative, motile bacteria isolated from deep subsurface sediments mineralized the nitrogen-containing polyaromatic hydrocarbon quinoline under aerobic conditions and transformed quinoline to...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The systems for which the algebra of gauge transformations in the lagrangian formalism is closed, are considered. The hamiltonian BRST charge and the BRST-invariant hamiltonian are found explicitly. Their expansions in powers of the ghost variables contain, in general, an infinite number of terms. (orig.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Over the past two decades, combined advances in genetics, developmental biology and biochemistry have transformed the study of human birth defects. This review describes the importance of genome architecture,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Assessment of subtle changes in the primary macromolecular components of cartilage, proteoglycan (PG) and collagen, is critical for the diagnosis of early stages of osteoarthritis (OA), but...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This document is a discussion of a static electrification event in each of the 1050 MVA units installed at the Koeburg Nuclear Power Plant in South Africa. Results of a tear-down inspection performed after the event are given, as is an analysis of the event. A number of photographs are included.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Ligand exchange of hydrated metal complexes is common in chemical and biological systems. Using the ultrafast T-jump, we examined this process, specifically the transformation of aqua cobalt (II) complexes...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Normal mouse epidermis constitutively expresses prostaglandin-H synthase 1 (PGHS-1) but no PGHS-2. Acute inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia, (hyperplastic transformation), as evoked in adult mouse...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The possibility to transform the future linear e"+e"-colliders into the #gamma#e and #gamma##gamma# colliders with approximately the same energies and luminosities was shown earlier. Their properties are compared from the point of view of possible physical investigations on them. 10 refs.; 1 tab.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Context: Mild primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by asymptomatic hypercalcemia, most commonly in the absence of classical signs and symptoms. Hence, there is need to characterize...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An introduction to the properties and behaviour of tachyons is presented. The extension of special relativity to include superluminal frames is discussed and the generalized Lorentz transformation is considered. The consequences of the existence of tachyous for general relativity and astrophysics are also summarised. (W.D.L.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The construction of the linear isomorphous and relativistic semigroup, of the Lorentz group and of tachyons was done using a dual pair of space-times, where the sought realization of the parametric semigroup is the semigroup of relativist endomorphisms. The obtained relativistic semigroup of dual space-time transformations possesses certain theoretical-probability properties.

Science.gov (United States)

A familiar power inverter circuit, combined with a ferroresonant transformer and a simple control circuit, provides the basis for an economically attractive modular family of DC to DC converters. The circuit is readily adaptable to a wide range of input voltages and single or multiple output voltages.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uranium-aluminum alloys with a significant enrichment of uranium with "2"3"3U or "2"3"5U serve as nuclear fuels in research reactors. The quality assurance of this fuel requires, among other things, precise knowledge that all trace metal constituents that affect neutron economy, fuel integrity, and fuel fabrication process parameters are well within the specification limits. Trace metal characterization of "2"3"5U-Al alloy has been carried out by atomic spectrometry. The trace metal constituents of interest are grouped into common metals (silver, boron, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, nickel, lead, silicon, tin, titanium, vanadium, tungsten, and zinc) and lanthanides (cerium, dysprosium, europium, gadolinium, holminium, lutetium, samarium, and terbium). The elements yttrium and zirconium are grouped with the latter in view of the chemical separation procedure used. The alloy samples are dissolved in 6 M ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The possible surface enrichment of chromium and molybdenum during dissolution of Fe18Cr (110) and Fe18Cr3Mo (110) alloys at constant potentials in the passive region is elucidated by taking into account quantitative information on partial dissolution rates of alloy components as measured by #gamma#-spectrometry and on chemical composition of passivating films as measured by ESCA and AES. When combining results from all methods it is found that chromium under all conditions is enriched in the passivating films. An accumulation of chromium in the alloy is also indicated. For molybdenum, an enrichment in the passive film is observed at -0.2 V (SCE), whereas in the potential interval 0.1 - 0.9 V, the molybdenum enrichment as determined by ESCA and AES is hardly significant. On the other hand, #gamma#-spectrometry gives a clear indication of molybdenum enrichment in both potential. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Proteomic changes in proteins secreted by human hepatocellular carcinomas (HepG2) cells exposed to butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) were evaluated. HepG2 cells were treated with three different concentrations of BBP (0, 10, or 25 ?M) for 24 or 48 h. Following incubation, the cells were subjected to proteomic analysis using two different pI ranges (4-7 and 6-9) and large-size two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Results showed resolution of a total of 2776 protein spots. Of these, 29, including 19 upregulated and 10 downregulated proteins, were identified by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Among these, the identities of cystatin C, Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor, gelsolin, DEK protein, Raf kinase inhibitory protein, triose phosphate ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research highlights: {yields} The polarization curve of 316L SS possesses five turning potentials in passive region. {yields} Films formed at turning potentials perform different electrochemical and semiconductor properties. {yields} Dissolutions and regenerations of passive film at turning potentials are obtained by AAS and XPS. {yields} Turning potentials appearing in passive region are ascribed to the changes of the compositions of the passive films. - Abstract: The passivity of 316L stainless steel in borate buffer solution has been investigated by Mott-Schottky, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that the polarization curve in the passive region possesses several turning potentials (0 V{sub SCE}, 0.2 V{sub SCE}, 0.4 V{sub SCE}, 0.6 V{sub SCE} and 0.85 V{sub SCE}). The passive films formed at turning potentials perform different electrochemical and semiconductor properties. Further, the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oxygen-16 induced fission studies of "2"0"9Bi have been carried out at particle energies of 89.5 MeV using gamma ray spectrometry. The cross sections for the production of fission products have been determined. The yield distribution of fission products has been found to be broad (FWHM #approx =# mass units) with a peak near mass #approx =# 108. The charge distribution in the "1"6O ion induced fission of "2"0"9Bi has also been studied at particle energy of 89.5 MeV. The relative cumulative yields of "9"2Sr, "9"7Zr, "9"9Mo, "1"0"1Mo, "1"1"2Pd and "1"1"7"mCd have been determined using gamma ray spectrometry. The width of charge distribution has been found to be broad. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS) was applied for equilibrium headspace analysis of Malaysian soursop (Annona muricata) volatile flavor compounds. A two-level fractional factorial design (25-1) was used to determine the effect of SPME variables, namely, SPME fibers, adsorption temperature, extraction time, amount of salt, sample amount and sample concentration on the extraction efficiency of volatile flavor compounds. A total of 37 volatile compounds were identified, comprising 21 esters, 6 alcohols, 3 terpenes, 2 acids, 2 ketones, 2 aldehydes and an aromatic with different hydrophobicities (log P) ranging between -0.14 and 4.83. Extraction using 10g of diluted (5% w/w) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Recently there has been much concern with the ability of plants to uptake heavy metals from their surroundings. With the development of instrumental techniques with low detection limits such as inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), attention is shifting toward achieving faster and more elegant ways of oxidizing the organic material inherent in environmental samples. Closed-vessel microwave dissolution was compared with conventional methods for the determination of concentrations of cerium, samarium, europium, terbium, uranium and thorium in a series of samples from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and from fields in Idaho. The ICP-MS technique exhibited detection limits in parts-per-trillion and linear calibration plots over three orders of magnitude for the elements under study. The results obtained by using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a microwave digestion system for the analysis of reference materials showed close ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Along with the shrinkage of LSI geometries, a higher quality of ultrapure water has been continuously required. Analytical technology for ultrapure water has also progressed before ultrapure water production technology improvements. In this study, we performed optimization of the analytical conditions for the direct analysis of acid droplets, and established an analytical technology for measurements of trace amounts of metallic impurities deposited on a wafer surface by means of Vapor Phase Decomposition (VPD)/Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). As a result, analytical technology for metallic elements of the 1x10"8 atoms/cm"2 level on wafer surface has been established. By applying analytical technology to the wafer that has been contacted with ultrapure water, a new evaluation technology for ultrapure water quality by means of wafer surface contamination has been established. We confirmed good correlations between metal contamination of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A highly reliable screening method was developed for the determination of lead in tin plated layers and tin-bismuth plated layers. The contents of lead in the layers of the various samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The calibration curve for lead in the tin and tin-bismuth plated layers by using WD-XRF exhibited linear correlation from 130 #mu#g/g to 2070 #mu#g/g. Calibration curve of lead normalized with Pb-L#alpha#/Sn-K#alpha# intensity was more linear, and this method was possible to evaluate very small sample. The calibration curve for lead in the tin plated layers by using ED-XRF was good linearly, but it for lead in the tin-bismuth plated layers was affected by Pb-L#alpha# spectrum and Bi-L#alpha# spectrum overlap each other. It was effective for decreasing affect of Bi-L#alpha# spectrum by using curve fitting method. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

An analytical method was developed for the determination of eleven agrochemicals [abamectin (as B1a), bifenazate, bifenthrin, carfentrazone-ethyl, cymoxanil, hexythiazox, imidacloprid, mefenoxam, pymetrozine, quinoxyfen, and trifloxystrobin] in dried hops. The method utilized polymeric and NH2 solid phase extraction (SPE) column cleanups and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Method validation and concurrent recoveries from untreated dried hops ranged from 71 to 126% for all compounds over three levels of fortification (0.10, 1.0, and 10.0 ppm). Commercially grown hop samples collected from several field sites had detectable residues of bifenazate, bifenthrin, hexythiazox, and quinoxyfen. The control sample used was free of contamination below the 0.050 ppm level for all agrochemicals of interest. The limit of quantitation and limit of detection for all compounds were 0.10 and 0.050 ppm, respectively. PMID:18593182

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Optimization methods are applied to complex problems power systems, economics, and geodesy. Transformation methods and conjugated gradient methods are used to solve the constrained problems in power systems and economics. Conjugated gradient methods are used to solve the unconstrained geodesy problem. Broad applications of the transformation methods are emphasized. In the geodesy problem, the computational efficiency of the Fletcher-Reeves method for optimization of quadratic functions is emphasized. In this problem special storage schemes were used. The method of solution of the economics problem is compared with Beale's method.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Firstly the so called 'conformal relativity' in the 6-dimensional conformal space is formulated. In particular the concept of dilatational degree of freedom - scale - is introduced. The special conformal transformations are interpreted as the transformations connecting dilatationally moving frames (and objects). The ideas, similar to those by Kaluza and Klein, can be applied to the conformal space to obtain a unification of gravitation and electromagnetism. Lastly the conformal symmetry is extended to imaginary scales and to negative scales. Particles having imaginary scales are shown to be tachyons, whilst particles with negative scales correspond to antiparticles. (Auth.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy used to study the connection between dopant precipitation and phase transformation in high dose In"+ and Sb"+ implanted Si. In the case of In, the observations confirm a heterogeneous nucleation model. Images of the precursor precipitates give the first measurement of the diffusion coefficient in amorphous Si, with an enhancement of 10"7 over tracer crystalline values. With Sb"+ implants enhanced homogeneous nucleation is observed. The connection between these results and the transient enhanced diffusion observed in crystallized Si is discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The long-term survival of certain patients after treatment with radiation or chemotherapeutic agents has allowed the realization that agents that effectively control cancer in the human subject may also possess an oncogenic potential, resulting in secondary malignancies in a significant proportion of surviving patients. A quantitative assessment of the oncogenic effects of these agents at a cellular level is important, as is information on conditions and agents that may effectively alter the development of the neoplastic state. Cell culture systems where the neoplastic transformation of cells can be scored after exposure to carcinogens offer powerful tools for evaluating the oncogenic potential of radiation and chemotherapeutic agents.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The measurement of electron densities using interferometry and refraction measurements in plasmas with cross-sections where the electron density contours are concentric ellipses is examined. Transforms are found for both interferometrically deduced optical path-length differences and refraction angle data obtained from elliptical cross-section plasmas. The transformed data can be inverted to give electron densities using standard techniques developed for circular cross-section plasmas. Refraction of light in elliptical cross-section plasmas is examined using numerical ray tracing.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The present contribution deals with the thermophoresis particle deposition and thermal radiation effects on the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics in a viscous fluid over a semi-infinite vertical porous plate. The governing boundary layer equations are written into a dimensionless form by similarity transformations. The transformed coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by means of the fourth-order Runge?Kutta method with a shooting technique. The effects of different parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are shown graphically. In addition, results for the local skin-friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number, and the local Sherwood number are tabulated and discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper reviews and elaborates on the issue of the dilaton transformation under the usual {tau} {yields} {alpha}{prime}/{tau} target space duality and its non-static generalization (or {sigma}-model duality). It is found that the transformation law {tau} {yields} {alpha}{prime}/{tau}, {phi} {yields} {phi} In ({tau}/{alpha}{prime}) which guarantees duality at the one-loop {sigma}-model level should be modified at two (and higher) loop order. The non-static duality is illustrated on the example of cosmological solutions in D {ge} 2 with time-dependent radii of space torus.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To maintain quality, performance and competitiveness, the eddy current losses in metal parts of power transformers in the range of 50-200 MVA are investigated in a more detailed form. The finite element calculations utilize different modelling strategies for the current carrying metal parts. Several global and local results are further used to obtain simplified calculation approaches for an inclusion in the initial design and the design optimization. The results from two finite element approaches using nodal and edge based formulations will be compared with measurements. (Author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work, the chemical transformations induced by 5 keV protons (10{sup 6} ion cm{sup -2}) at the surface of 0.4 {mu}m polyacrylonitrile and polymethacrylonitrile films are analysed by XPS and IRRAS. Spectroscopic changes in both the polymers are globally similar, the most significant feature being a lower relative concentration of nitrogen with respect to carbon closer to the surface. Quantitatively, this change is more marked in the case of polyacrylonitrile which suggests a direct relation with the hydrogen in {alpha} to the nitrile function.

CERN Document Server

In this note we give a shorter proof of recent regularity results by Riviere and Riviere-Struwe. We differ from the mentioned articles only in using the direct method of Helein's moving frame to construct a suitable gauge transformation. Though this is neither new nor surprising, it enables us to describe a proof of regularity using besides the duality of Hardy- and BMO-space only elementary arguments of calculus of variations and algebraic identities. Moreover, we remark that in order to prove Hildebrandt's conjecture one can avoid the Nash-Moser imbedding theorem. There are no new results presented here, nor are there any techniques we could claim originality for.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Within about 10 years, microelectronic devices will be made with more than a billion (10"9) electronic components per chip. To implement such a sophisticated technology it will be essential to have a fundamental understanding of the solid state interaction between the different materials in thin film semiconductor structures. This is the main purpose of this research program. Characterization and analysis is carried out mainly by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and channelling using accelerated nuclear particles from the Van de Graaff accelerator, while radioactive isotopes provide information about interaction mechanisms. 6 figs., 1 ref.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Depth resolved positron annihilation studies on Pd/Si thin film system have been carried out to investigate silicide phase formation and vacancy defect production induced by thermal annealing. The evolution of defect sensitive S-parameter clearly indicates the presence of divacancy defects across the interface, due to enhanced Si diffusion beyond 870 K consequent to silicide formation. Corroborative glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) have elucidated the aspects related to silicide phase formation and Si surface segregation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The activities of the radiochemical section (part of the Analytical Chemistry Group) deal mostly with problems of composition. Activation analysis with thermal neutrons serves for most of the trace element analyses either with or without chemical separations. Ge(Li) spectrometry has been increasingly automated so that many analyses can now be performed by relatively unskilled personnel. In a number of analyses an A.V.F.-cyclotron was employed: such an accelerator can deliver not only different types of charged particles at variable energies but also fast neutrons. (T.G.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present the synthesis, magnetic and UV spectrometry of NiZn-ferrite nanofiber. The single phase of spinel ferrite was obtained at 600 {sup o}C. The NiZn-ferrite fibers fabricated by an electrospinning process were formed as a polygonal grain growth with firing temperature in fiber matrix. It appeared that the saturation magnetization (M{sub S}) of NiZn-ferrite nanofiber was dependent on Ni/Zn molar ratio which is similar to that of the inverse spinel ferrites. The NiZn-ferrite fibers showed good DNA adsorption efficiency that can be modified and utilized for DNA separation with magnetic nanofiber as a novel material in clinical applications.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper discusses the mass spectrometric system that has been developed at the ICPP (Idaho Chemical Processing Plant) to meet the multiple constraints of U accountability, high sample load, and plant process control. The measurement system must produce high-quality accountability results while maintaining high sample throughput and reasonable turnaround time. The mass spectrometric system that has evolved to meet these demands includes extensive operator training, routine quality control checks, and continuing review of performance. 7 refs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The aim of this study was to investigate the photodegradation of the antiemetic drug metoclopramide. Metoclopramide aqueous solutions were photoirradiated at 254nm under argon atmosphere. Irradiated metoclopramide solutions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry in order to characterize photolysis products. Rapid decrease in metoclopramide purity, following first-order kinetic, was observed following irradiation. The structures of 18 photolysis products were tentatively identified based on their mass spectra and fragmentation. The main degradation mechanism was scission of the chlorine which could be followed by polymerization of the resulting products since dimeric and trimeric products were observed.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose Study the radiolysis of solid-state metoclopramide hydrochloride at various absorbed doses. Elucidate the structure of the degradation products to gain information on the radiolysis mechanisms. Methods Solid-state metoclopramide samples were irradiated at several doses with gamma rays and high-energy electrons to evaluate the influence of the dose rate. High-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector was used to measure the chemical potency as a function of the absorbed dose and to quantify the degradation products. The characterization of degradation products was performed by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. Results The degradation of solid-state metoclopramide after irradiation was negligible. No qualitati...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new band gap profile (exponential profile) for the active layer of the a-SiGe:H single junction cell has been designed and experimentally demonstrated. By computer simulations we show how bending the grading of the band gap in the i-layer contributes to the enhancement of the carrier collection, improving the fill factor and efficiency. The differences observed between experiments and simulations are studied using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). The results highlight weak points during the deposition process, whose control enables us to bring together experimental and computational results.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The distribution of carrier free lead-203 between plasma and cells of canine blood in vitro was measured. Activity in the plasma decreased to less than 5% of the initial blood activity during the first 15 min and then exponentially with a half time of 160 min. Incubation in cell free plasma before addition to whole blood transformed the isotope, decreasing the amount subsequently associated with cells. In animal studies, activity was measured in plasma, blood cells, urine, and feces after exposure to lead-203. In one group, the animals were exposed by intravenous injection of dilute citric acid solutions of isotope. In a second group, carrier free isotope which had been transformed by incubation in plasma was injected intravenously. The kinetics of the distribution of the isotope differed between the two experimental groups. After injection of the transformed lead, the lead-203 content of the blood cell fraction rose from ...

Science.gov (United States)

An x-ray diffraction approach has been developed for determination of the kinetics of growth of Pd/sub 2/Si layers. Epitaxial Pd/sub 2/Si films were grown on Si(111) substrates over a temperature range of 160-222/sup 0/C by a solid-state reaction between the substrates and the Pd overlayers. The parabolic rate equation was verified and rate constants showed Arrhenius behavior with an activation energy E/sub a/ = 1.06 eV and prefactor k/sub 0/ = 7 x 10/sup -4/ cm/sup 2//s. The low value of E/sub a/ suggests a short-circuit diffusion mechanism. It is reasonable to expect that impurities and microstructure may play important roles in the growth process. Impurity levels in the specimens were evaluated by analytic techniques suited to thin-film study: Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and Auger electron spectrometry. No impurities were present at concentrations approaching 1 at. %. Some O, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The gotten concentrations of radon-222 in the installations of the IEN had been determined using the active and passive methods. The active method consisted on the use of the alpha spectrometry with a portable equipment Tracerlab Instruments WLM- Plus. In the determination for the passive method, one used detectors of nuclear strokes of type LEXAN. The raised values had been gotten in the wastes deposit and its annexes, room of the press and laboratory of wastes handling. It was observed, in this sector, an instantaneous measure of alpha spectrometry, concentrations around 1000 Bq.m-3, which had over all to the function of storage, the sector, a great volume of natural radioactive materials, especially of radium-226. This determination was carried through in an extreme situation of ventilation zero, where the gates had been kept closed during the execution of the same one. It was observed, however, a considerable fall, with values ten times ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this work is to be able to describe transformations, occurring when solids and gases are in non isothermal and non isobaric conditions, with kinetic models. A methodology has been used. Two essential processes have to be taken into account: the germination and the growth. The germs are supposed to be formed (at constant temperature and pressure) in the grains surface with a constant velocity by surface unit, (gamma), called germination surface frequency (number of germs.m{sup -2}.s{sup -1}. The growth velocity is characterized by a growth surface reactivity, (phi) (in mol.m{sup -2}.s{sup -1}). With an appropriate transformation model, it is possible to obtain the variations of (gamma) and (phi) in terms of the temperature and pressure which are then used in the calculation of the velocity in non isothermal and non isobaric conditions. In order to validate the developed method, two reactions have been studied. For the first one, the ...

Science.gov (United States)

In a previous study, to identify genes of importance for hepatocellular carcinogenesis, and especially for processes involved in malignant transformation, the authors investigated differences in gene expression between adenomas and carcinomas by DNA microarray. In the present study, the authors investigated AW434047, one of the sequences that was upregulated in carcinomas. The investigation led to the identification of a novel gene, which the authors named hepatocyte malignant transforming factor (HMTF), of unknown function whose expression was increased in hepatocellular carcinomas. Northern blot and in situ hybridization also demonstrated high levels of HMTF in rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, lymphocytes in the spleen, colon mucosal epithelia, spermatocytes, and granule cells of the hippocampus. Reduction of HMTF by RNA interference (RNAi) in N1 cells, an HCC cell line, caused suppression of cell proliferation, invasion, and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nanodimensional powders of cubic copper ferrite are synthesized by two-steps procedure of co-precipitation of copper and iron hydroxide carbonates, followed by mechanochemical treatment. X-ray powder diffraction, Moessbauer spectroscopy and temperature-programmed reduction are used for the characterization of the obtained materials. Their catalytic behavior is tested in methanol decomposition to hydrogen and CO and total oxidation of toluene. Formation of nanosized ferrite material is registered even after one hour of milling time. It is established that the prolonging of treatment procedure decreases the dispersion of the obtained product with the appearance of Fe2O3. It is demonstrated that the catalytic behavior of the samples depends not only on their initial phase composition, but on the concomitant ferrite phase transformations by the influence of the reaction medium. -- Graphical abstract: It is demonstrated that the catalytic behavior of the obtained copper ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anisotropy finite element analysis was performed to study stresses associated with the tetragonal precipitates and the tetragonal to monoclinic transformation in MgO partially stabilized zirconia. Stresses were assumed to be caused by the lattice misfits between the product phase and the parent phase. In the finite element calculations, the tetragonal and monoclinic precipitates were assumed to be lenticular in shape, and the anisotropic elastic constants of the cubic, tetragonal and monoclinic phases were considered. The purpose of this paper is to obtain some knowledge about how stresses respond when the microstructure is changed, and how stress fields affect microstructure development. The finite element results show that increasing a{sub t}/a{sub c} and decreasing c{sub t}/a{sub c} can create a favorable stress field to reduce the growth rate of tetragonal precipitates during the heat treatment. Stresses associated with the single tetragonal precipitate in an ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Interpretative transport has been used to revisit the global scalings of TJ-II ECRH plasmas from a local perspective. Density, rotational transform and ERCH power scans were analysed based upon Thomson Scattering data (electron density and temperature) in steady state discharges. A simple formula to obtain the thermal conductivity, assuming pure diffusion and negligible convective heat fluxes was used in a set of 161 discharges. All the analysis was performed with the ASTRA transport shell. The density scan indicates that inside n=0,4 there is no significant change of e with density in the range studied (0.4 <ne>(1019m-3) 1.0), while in 0,5 <0,8 approximately, e decreases with density. In the rotational transform scan it is found that the values of e when a low order rational of the rotational transform is present locally seem to be smaller for the corresponding range, although it is apparent a general ...

Science.gov (United States)

This paper proposes a new pattern recognition system employing optical joint transform correlation (JTC) technique which offers a great number of advantages over similar digital techniques, including very fast operation, simple architecture and capability of updating the reference image in real time. The proposed JTC technique incorporates a synthetic discriminant function (SDF) of the target image estimated from different training images to make the pattern recognition performance invariant to noise and distortion. It then involves four different phase-shifted versions of the same target SDF reference image, which are individually joint transform correlated with the given input scene. When the correlation signals are combined, it produces a single cross-correlation peak corresponding to each potential target present in the given input scene. The proposed technique also includes a fringe-adjusted filter to generate a delta-like correlation peak ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mixed additions of Sm_2O_3 and Y_2O_3 were used in the formation of zirconia-containing O'-sialon composites, where Sm_2O_3 was used for the purpose of densification and Y_2O_3 for zirconia stabilization. Dense ZrO_2/O' -sialon composites were produced at 1500 deg C. by sintering in nitrogen for 4 hours. Tetragonal zirconia remained in the product and t#->#m transformation was observed when the sample was ground into powder. However, the improvement in fracture toughness was not significant and this was attributed to the weakened transformability of the tetragonal zirconia phase in the nitrogen-based materials. 18 refs., 4 tabs., 2 figs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The mammalian placenta consists of different trophoblast cell types that assist in the variety of functions required for the maintenance of pregnancy. In rodents, labyrinthine trophoblasts of the placenta are especially important, because they are capable of differentiating into fused labyrinthine cells, which form the feto-maternal exchange surface. Even though the molecular signals triggering labyrinthine trophoblast differentiation are poorly understood, transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) has been shown to be present in the placental environment and alter trophoblast development. In this study, we investigated the effects of TGF-b on the differentiation of the labyrinthine trophoblast stem cell lines SM10 and HRP-1. RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that while the molecular expression of l...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new formulation of the theory of tachyons using the same two postulates as in special relativity is applied to the electrodynamics of material media. A discussion of Lagrange`s equations and Hamilton`s equations for `classical` charged tachyons shows that such a formalism is a viable approach. An essay is included on why tachyons can be considered to be localised particles for the purpose of calculations. Tachyonic transformations of the electromagnetic fields D, P, H and M are shown to be the same as for bradyonic transformations. Examples discussed include the electric dipole moment of a tachyonic current loop, constitutive equations, polarisation in tachyonic dielectric materials and the velocity of light in tachyonic dielectric media. This is followed by discussions of the collision energy loss for charged tachyons interacting with a material medium and a mathematical proof that tachyons cannot emit Cherenkov radiation when passing ...

CERN Document Server

We investigate the relation between the symmetries of a quantum system and its topological quantum numbers, in a general C*-algebraic framework. We prove that, under suitable assumptions on the symmetry algebra, there exists a generalization of the Bloch-Floquet transform which induces a direct-integral decomposition of the algebra of observables. Such generalized transform selects uniquely the set of "continuous sections" in the direct integral, thus yielding a Hilbert bundle. The emerging geometric structure provides some topological invariants of the quantum system. Two running examples provide an Ariadne's thread through the paper. For the sake of completeness, we review two related theorems by von Neumann and Maurin and compare them with our result.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Advanced Loose Parts monitoring System (ALPS), is installed in each Unit of Paks NPP. Its characteristics and some interesting results are presented. Wavelet analysis is being introduced to data evaluation techniques. The short-time Fourier transform and the continuous wavelet transform techniques have been used to present the time signal in a time-frequency and time-scale plane. Characteristic frequencies of the physical acoustic system and the growing frequencies of spectrum components during the start-up of the main coolant pumps are clearly seen on those pictures. The newly applied wavelet coherence promises to find new oscillation in the pair of signals, which remain hidden in time-dependent autospectra. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thermohydrogen treatment effect on microstructure and mechanical properties is studied for a cast heat resistant pseudo-#alpha#-titanium alloy Ti-6242 (Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zn-2Mo) widely used as a heat resistant material with operating temperature up to 500 deg C. It is shown that reversible hydrogen alloying is a promising alternative to thermomechanical treatment for transformation of (#alpha#+#beta#)-titanium alloy structure. The application of thermohydrogen treatment is noted to be of particular efficiency for shaped casting technology as it allows a noticeable increase of mechanical properties at a lower cost. The alloy after thermohydrogen treatment and subsequent heat treatment in the (#alpha#+#beta#) - range possesses high values of yield strength fatigue properties, creep resistance and has a satisfactory ductility. A consideration is also given to thermohydrogen treatment effect on fatigue crack propagation and impact strength

CERN Document Server