UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The methylation of lysine 4 of Histone H3 (H3K4me) is an important component of epigenetic regulation. H3K4 methylation is a consequence of transcriptional activity, but also has been shown to contribute...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The Myc oncoprotein is a potent inducer of cell growth, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. While many direct Myc target genes have been identified, the molecular determinants of Myc’s transcriptional...Full Text Available

J-STORE (Japan)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The dissociation of methylal is investigated using mass spectrometry, combined with a pyrolytic radical source and femtosecond pump probe experiments. Based on preliminary results two reaction paths of methylal dissociation are proposed and discussed. (author) 4 fig., 3 refs.

Science.gov (United States)

... and R. L. Momparler. DNA methylation of retinoic acid receptor beta in breast cancer and possible therapeutic role of ... ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The wavefunction of a particle extends into the classically forbidden barrier region of the potential energy surface. The consequence of this partial delocalisation is the phenomenon of quantum tunnelling, an effect which enables a particle to penetrate a potential barrier of magnitude greater than the energy of the particle. The tunnelling probability is an exponential function of the particle mass. The effect is therefore an important contribution to the behaviour of light atoms, in particular the proton. The hydrogen bond has long been appreciated to be an essential component of many biological and chemical systems, and the proton transfer reaction in the hydrogen bond is fundamental to many of these processes. The proton behaviour in the hydrogen bonds of benzoic acid, acetylacetone and calix-4-arene has been studied. A variety of techniques, both experimental and computational, were adopted for the study of the three hydrogen bonded systems. The complementary spectroscopic ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... electron spin resonance gamma radiation lipids lyophilization lysozyme radicals

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We have established a reliable method to induce invasive and non-invasive carcinomas in the heterotopically transplanted urinary bladder of rats by repeated injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU),...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Methylation of RNA by methyltransferases is a phylogenetically ubiquitous post-transcriptional modification that occurs most extensively in transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Biochemical...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The methanogenic community in hydrothermally active sediments of Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California, Mexico) was analyzed by PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of methyl coenzyme M reductase...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Methylation of the arginine residues of histones by methyltransferases has important consequences for chromatin structure and gene regulation; however, the molecular mechanism(s) of methyltransferase...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We previously reported the identification of a new family of plant methyltransferases (MTs), named the SABATH family, that use S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) to methylate...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

DNA methylation is considered as a potential cause of aberrations in regulation of gene expression during carcinogenesis. Therefore, changes in DNA methylation patterns may be targets for chemoprevention. In the present study, we investigated effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), vitamin D3, and resveratrol alone and in combination with adenosine analogues: 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (2CdA) and 9-beta-d-arabinosyl-2-fluoroadenine (F-ara-A), on methylation and expression of retinoic acid receptor beta 2 (RARbeta2) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Alterations in methylation and expression levels after treatment of cells with the tested compounds were evaluated by methylation-sensitive restriction analysis (MSRA) and real-time PCR, respectively. RARbeta2 promoter in the ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

B vitamins and polymorphisms in genes coding for enzymes involved in one-carbon metabolism may affect DNA synthesis and methylation and thereby be implicated in carcinogenesis. Previous data on vitamins B2 and B6 and genetic polymorphisms other than those involving MTHFR as risk factors for gastric cancer (GC) are sparse and inconsistent. In this case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, cases (n = 235) and controls (n = 601) were matched for study center, age, sex, and time of blood sampling. B2 and B6 species were measured in plasma, and the sum of riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide was used as the main exposure variable for vitamin B2 status, whereas the sum of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxal, and 4-pyridoxic acid was used to define vitamin B6 status. In addition, we determined eight polymorphisms related to one-carbon metabolism. Relative risks for GC risk were calculated ...

Science.gov (United States)

Cytosine methylation in DNA is a major epigenetic signal, and plays a central role in propagating chromatin status during cell division. However the mechanistic links between DNA methylation and histone methylation are poorly understood. A multi-domain protein UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains 1) is required for DNA CpG maintenance methylation at replication forks, and mouse UHRF1-null cells show enhanced susceptibility to DNA replication arrest and DNA damaging agents. Recent data demonstrated that the SET and RING associated (SRA) domain of UHRF1 binds hemimethylated CpG and flips 5-methylcytosine out of the DNA helix, whereas its tandom tudor domain and PHD domain bind the tail of histone H3 in a highly methylation sensitive manner. We hypothesize that UHRF1 brings the two components (histones and DNA) carrying appropriate markers (on the tails of H3 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schemata for modelling combustion processes do not yet include reaction rates for oxygenated fuels like methylal (DMM) which is considered as an additive or replacement for diesel due to its low sooting propensity. Density functional theory (DFT) studies of the possible reaction pathways for different dissociation steps of methylal are presented. Cleavage of a hydrogen bond to the methoxy group or the central carbon atom were simulated at the BLYP/6-311++G{sup **} level of theory. The results are compared to the experiment when dissociating and/or ionising DMM with femtosecond pulses. (author) 1 fig., 1 tab., 1 ref.

Science.gov (United States)

[12] Kusy, R. P. and Turner, D. T.: Influence of molecular-weight ofpoly(methyl methacrylate)on fracture morphology in notched tension, Polymer. ...

Science.gov (United States)

transmitted to the Ozone Secretariat of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) its sixth nomination for a critical use exemption (CUE) from the phaseout of methyl...

Science.gov (United States)

There are about fifty SET domain protein methyltransferases (PMTs) in the human genome, that transfer a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to substrate lysines on histone tails or other peptides. A number of structures in complex with cofactor, substrate, or inhibitors revealed the mechanisms of substrate recognition, methylation state specificity, and chemical inhibition. Based on these structures, we review the structural chemistry of SET domain PMTs, and propose general concepts towards the development of selective inhibitors.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Stem-boring insects and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are thought to induce similar complex chemical and anatomical defenses in conifers. To compare insect- and MeJA-induced terpenoid responses, we analyzed...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

DNA methylation is an important event in epigenetic changes in cells, and a fundamental regulator of gene transcription. Bisulfite genomic sequencing is a powerful technique used in studies of DNA methylation. However, the established procedures often require relatively large amounts of DNA. In everyday practice, samples submitted for analysis might contain very small amounts of poor quality material, as is often the case with forensic stain samples. In this study, we assess a modified, more efficient method of bisulfite genomic sequencing. Genomic DNA extracted from 3-mm dried blood spots using QIAamp micro kit was treated with sodium bisulfite (using EpiTect kit). Subsequent methylation-specific PCR (MSP) followed by DNA sequencing displayed the differentially methylated region of imprinted gene SNRPN. Our results show that this new combination of efficient DNA extraction and bisulfite treatment ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Extraction of hafnium by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (HL) in benzene, toluene, chloroform and tetrachloromethane from aqueous-alcoholic solutions of the formal acidity of 2M-HClO_4 was studied. Methyl, ethyl, n- and isopropyl, tert-butyl and allyl alcohol as well as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and propylene glycol were used as organic components of the mixed aqueous-organic phase. Their presence in some cases resulted in a synergic increase in the distribution ratio of hafnium. The increase is interpreted using the results of a slope analysis and measurements of the alcohol distribution and the relative permittivity of the organic phase. It is suggested that HfL_4 molecules were solvated by alcohol molecules in the organic phase. At high alcohol concentration synergism changed into antagonism. This was caused by changes in the distribution of HL and its interaction with the alcohol in the organic phase. (author).

CERN Document Server

Several complex organic molecules are routinely detected in high abundances towards hot cores and hot corinos. For many of them, their paths of formation in space are uncertain, as gas phase reactions alone seem to be insufficient. In this paper, we investigate a possible solid-phase route of formation for methyl formate (HCOOCH3). We use a chemical model updated with recent results from an experiment where simulated grain surfaces were irradiated with 200 keV protons at 16 K, to simulate the effects of cosmic ray irradiation on grain surfaces. We find that this model may be sufficient to reproduce the observed methyl formate in dark clouds, but not that found in hot cores and corinos.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Today, as a result of increase in oil prices, limited fossil fuel resources, environmental consideration and global warming, the methyl ester fuels have been focused on alternative fuels. Methyl ester fuels can be used more efficiently in low heat rejection engines (LHR), in which the temperature of combustion chamber is increased by creating a thermal barrier. In this study, the piston, cylinder head, exhaust and inlet valves of a diesel engine were coated with the ceramic material Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-TiO{sub 2} by the plasma spray method. Thus, a thermal barrier was provided for the parts of the combustion chamber with these coatings. The effects of corn oil methyl ester that produced by the transesterification method, and No. D2 fuels' performance and exhaust emissions' rate were studied by using equal in every respect coated and uncoated engines. Tests were performed on the uncoated engine, and then ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

9-[[2-Hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]guanine (BIOLF-62) is highly synergistic with either phosphonoformate or phosphonoacetate when used in combination against herpes simplex virus types 1 and...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A fast and sensitive LC-ESI-MS method is described for the comparative quantification of 16 estrogen metabolites based on the derivatization of estrogens with a novel derivatizing reagent, N-methyl-nicotinic...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

One of the most effective removing processes of iodine species is what is called ''Iodox Process'', which contains oxidation and absorption of iodine species by highly concentrated nitric acid. The result of fundamental test with bubble column in this process had been reported. Present paper describes the fundamental experiment by the use of packed column. This experiment has been carried out to clear the effect of feed gas flow rate, nitric acid flow rate, nitric acid concentration, and methyl iodide concentration on removal efficiency of methyl iodide. The following results were obtained. The decontamination factor of methyl iodide (DF) increases exponentially with nitric acid concentration, which agrees with the result obtained by using the bubble column. The factor is in inverse proportion to feed gas flow rate, and is also almost independent of nitric acid flow rate and methyl iodide concentration. ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Prenatal cocaine exposure produces sustained neurobehavioral and brain synaptic changes closely resembling those of animals with defective alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

A novel reactor combining a flame-deposited nanostructured titanium dioxide film and a set of embedded ceramic electrodes was designed, developed and tested for degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in water. On applying a voltage to the ceramic electrodes, a surface coro...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Portuguese ... Orig. Title Isolamento e identificacao do flavonoide (-)-4'-metil-epigalocatequina das raizes de Maytenus obtusifolia Mart. (Celastraceae)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

3-Deazaadenosine (deazaAdo) inhibits lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis in vitro at micromolar concentrations and is potentiated markedly in this activity by L-homocysteine thiolactone....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundDNA repair is the general term for the collection of critical mechanisms which repair many forms of DNA damage such as methylation or ionizing radiation. DNA repair has...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor expressed at excitatory glutamatergic synapses is required for learning and memory and is critical for normal brain...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Epidemiological data indicate that children conceived in vitro have a greater relative risk of low birth-weight, major and minor birth defects, and rare disorders involving imprinted...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Histone Arg methylation and Lys acetylation have been found to cooperatively regulate the expression of p53 target genes. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is an enzyme that citrullinates...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

2-Isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidine carboxylate methyl chloride (AMO-1618) inhibits the activity of a cholinesterase isolated from mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) roots...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Global hypomethylation has been shown to increase genome instability potentially leading to increased cancer risk. We determined whether global methylation in blood leukocyte DNA was associated...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Those materials that can be extracted from pine or oak by ether, ethanol, methyl methacrylate (MMA), or benzene--alcohol all act as inhibitors in the #gamma# polymerization of MMA--wood composites. It was found that preirradiation of either the wood or of the wood--monomer combination reduces or eliminates the inhibitory effect. The most practical industrial solution to this problem is to increase the dose, thereby achieving high molecular polymer in the composite. However, the presence of a maximum in the molecular weight--dose curves means that each wood--monomer pair may have a different optimum dose.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A comparative study has been performed to compare the 30 wt% of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) aqueous solution and 30 wt% of methyldiethanol amine (MDEA) aqueous solution to capture carbon dioxide contained in the flue gas stream. The equilibrium constants for each electrolyte reactions have been used to estimate the carbon dioxide absorption process. Henry's constants for each binary pairs between solute gases and solvent have been used to estimate solubility of the gas components.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isobaric specific heat capacities were measured for (2-methyl-2-butanol + heptane) mixtures and cyclopentanol within the temperature range from (284 to 353) K, and for 2-methyl-2-butanol in the (284 to 368) K temperature interval by means of a differential scanning calorimeter. The excess molar heat capacities were calculated from the experimental results. For the temperature range from (284 to 287) K, the excess molar heat capacity is S-shaped with negative values in the 2-methyl-2-butanol rich region and with small negative values at low alcohol concentrations at temperatures from (295 to 353) K. The excess molar heat capacities are positive for all compositions under test at temperatures from (288 to 294) K. The results are explained in terms of the influence of the molecular size and configuration of the alkanols on their self-association capability and of the change in molecular structure of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The preparation of wood-plastic combinations (WPC) using combined methods for curing intermediate products and final products is described. In the first step, impregnated wood was irradiated using doses of 1 to 10 kGy in the presence of chemical initiators of polymerization. Thereafter, curing of this partly cured impregnating mixture was accomplished in the wood at elevated temperatures with the aid of chemical initiators of polymerization. Impregnation mixtures based on unsaturated polyester resins and methyl methacrylate, and the wood species European Beech (Fagus silvatica) and Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa) were used. The results indicate that this method of preparing WPC allows substantially lower radiation doses to be used, i.e., doses in the range of 1 to 2.5 kGy. These doses gelatinate the impregnation mixture in the wood so that the subsequent curing by chemical polymerization initiators proceeds without the impregnation mixture flowing out of the wood, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

3T3 - L1 cells can be induced to differentiate by exposing cell culture to a medium containing 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine together with insulin and dexamethasone. They have observed that oxalomalate (OMA) which inhibits aconitase thus blocking the citric cycle, also favours differentiation to adipocytes leading to fatty acids accumulation and increased synthesis of specific proteins. They compared the effects of 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine-insulin-dexamethasone and OMA on the steady-state levels of mRNA of c / EBP, H-ferritin and aconitase / IRE-BP. OMA does not affect the steady-state mRNA amount of C / EBP, H-ferritin and aconitase / IRE-BP but the 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine-insulin-dexamethasone mixture is able to induce a five-fold increase of mRNA levels for aconitase / IRE-BP. This is the first finding correlating iron metabolism to adipocyte differentiation. Further studies will clarify a possible role for the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A method for converting organic iodides to elemental iodine would be advantageous in improving the performance of charcoal filters for the removal of radio iodines from reactor off gases. A photochemical method has been developed. The HAVCHM code was used to establish the relevant process time scales on a complete set of rate equations describing the primary and secondary reactions occurring in a plug-flow reactor containing low levels of elemental iodine and methyl iodide in air, which is irradiated by intense u.v. light. These simulations were used to justify the contraction of the complete set of reactions to the most significant elementary processes. The contracted set of rate equations are then solved analytically to render the concentration-time profiles of methyl iodide, total inorganic iodine and total oxidized organics, consistent with the achievement of a desirable radioiodine decontamination factor. For the short contact times ...

CERN Document Server

Aims: The production of saturated organic molecules in hot cores and corinos is not well understood. The standard approach is to assume that, as temperatures heat up during star formation, methanol and other species evaporate from grain surfaces and undergo a warm gas-phase chemistry at 100 K or greater to produce species such as methyl formate, dimethyl ether, and others. But a series of laboratory results shows that protonated ions, typical precursors to final products in ion-molecule schemes, tend to fragment upon dissociative recombination with electrons rather than just ejecting a hydrogen atom. Moreover, the specific proposed reaction to produce protonated methyl formate is now known not to occur at all. Methods: We utilize a gas-grain chemical network to probe the chemistry of the relatively ignored stage of hot core evolution during which the protostar switches on and the temperature of the surrounding gas and dust rises from 10 K to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Biodiesel is considered as an alternative fuel to Diesel fuel No. 2, which can be generally produced from different kinds of vegetable oils. Since the prices of edible vegetable oils are higher than that of Diesel fuel No. 2, waste vegetable oils and non-edible crude vegetable oils are preferred as potential low priced biodiesel sources. In addition, it is possible to use soapstock, a by-product of edible oil production, for cheap biodiesel production. In this study, a methyl ester biodiesel was produced from a hazelnut soapstock/waste sunflower oil mixture using methanol, sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide in a two stage process. The effects of the methyl ester addition to Diesel No. 2 on the performance and emissions of a four cycle, four cylinder, turbocharged indirect injection (IDI) Diesel engine were examined at both full and partial loads. Experimental results showed that the hazelnut soapstock/waste sunflower oil ...

Science.gov (United States)

...Colormetric System, which lie within the region bounded by the spectrum locus and lines defined by the following equations: X...intensity of a light in candela as defined by the Illuminating Engineering Society's Guide for Calculating the Effective...

Science.gov (United States)

Timber Resources as defined in General Plan adopted May 24, 1994. Timberlands which are devoted to and ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

... that defines hydrometeor categories for the duration of the simulation ... and to observe the movement of any particular system ... particle settling occurred ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To obtain Pinus wood-plastic composites, wood samples were impregnated with methyl methacrylate and polymerized by the use of gamma rays from a /sup 60/Co at different dose exposure and total dose. The best percentage of polymerization was obtained with the exposure of 2.0 MR of gamma radiation. It was found that the impregnation and polymerization, determined by the density values along the samples were uniform. The density became 2.6 times higher in relation to the control samples. The storage of the impregnated wood samples showed losses of the monomer, even when wrapped with aluminum or polyethylene film. It is recommended that the wood samples should be irradiated soon after impregnation.

Science.gov (United States)

An enantiocontrolled route to aziridinomitosenes had been developed from l-serine methyl ester hydrochloride. The tetracyclic target ring system was assembled by an internal azomethine ylide cycloaddition reaction based on silver ion-assisted intramolecular oxazole alkylation and cyanide-induced ylide generation via a labile oxazoline intermediate (62 to 66). Other key steps include reductive detritylation of 26, methylation of the N-H aziridine 56, oxidation of the sensitive cyclohexenedione 68 to quinone 70, and carbamoylation using Fmoc-NCO. Although the aziridinomitosene tetracycle is sensitive, a range of protecting group manipulations and redox chemistry can be performed if suitable precautions are taken. A study of DNA alkylation by the first C-6,C-7-unsubstituted aziridinomitosene 11a has been carried out, and evidence for DNA cross-link formation involving nucleophilic addition to the quinone subunit is described. PMID:14677970

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Retroelements constitute a large part of the human genome. These sequences are mostly silenced in normal cells, but genome-wide DNA hypomethylation in cancers might lead to their re-expression. Whether this re-expression really occurs in human cancers is largely unkown. We therefore investigated expression and DNA methylation of several classes of retroelements in human prostate cancer tissues and cell lines by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing, respectively. The most striking finding was strong and generalized increased expression of the HERV-K_22q11.23 provirus in cancers, including de novo expression of a spliced accessory Np9 transcript in some tumors. In parallel, DNA methylation in the long terminal repeat (LTR) decreased. Conversely, HER...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The following method is proposed as a supplement to main patent 2419107, which deals with the filling of tubular plates surrounding the lead cores: the flat materials which are used to produce the jacket tubes are prepared before forming into jacket tubes by a film producing aqueous carboxy-methyl cellulose solution closing the pores. The preparation can be done by coating the flat material with a soluble foil. After pressing the paste in, the tubular plates are dried and after cooling are dipped into sulphuric acid with a specific gravity of 1.24 g/cm/sup 3/. The carboxy-methyl cellulose is dissolved and the permeability of the tube walls for electrolyte is restored after only 15 minutes.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The n3 and n4 vibrational transitions of CH3 and CD3 isolated in solid parahydrogen were studied by high-resolution infrared spectroscopy. The radicals were produced by in situ UV photolysis of methyl iodides trapped in solid parahydrogen. The observed spectra showed clear rotational fine structures, which were subjected to further splitting due to the electrostatic field of solid parahydrogen. The molecular constants and crystal field parameters of the radicals in solid parahydrogen were determined by analyzing the spectral structures of the n3 and n4 transitions of CD3 by the crystal field theory. The rotational constants of the CD3 radical were found to be only a few percent smaller than those in the gas phase. The determined crystal field parameters indicated significant quantum effect...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

BACKGROUND Hypermethylation of CpG islands is a common epigenetic alteration associated with cancer. Tumor suppressor genes retinoic acid receptor beta (RARb) and PDLIM4 are hypermethylated and silenced in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and PCa cell lines compared to normal prostate cells. METHODS In this study, a benign prostate epithelial cell line RWPE1 was used as a model to study the epigenetic regulation of Myc on the RARb and PDLIM4 promoters. Forced Myc overexpression inhibited the RARb and PDLIM4 expression. RESULTS Pyrosequencing study showed that Myc overexpression increased methylation in several CpG sites of both promoters. A DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2prime-deoxycytidine reversed the epigenetic alteration effect of Myc on both RARb and PDLIM4. CONCLUSION The epigenetic r...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

For investigating carryover of some organophosphorus pesticide residues in the cereal food chain from grain to consumer, a study was set up on wheat bran, flour and cookies, with and without bran. Special emphasis was given to malathion and chlorpyrifos-methyl residues in cookies for better protection of consumers. Pesticide-free wheat was placed in a small-scale model of a commercial storage vessel and treated with these pesticides. The residue levels of insecticides were determined in wheat, as well as in bran, flour and cookies produced from stored wheat at various time intervals during storage. A multiresidue analysis was performed using GC-NPD and GC-MS. Malathion and chlorpyrifos-methyl residue levels were higher than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in wheat after 240days of storag...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the present study, surfaces of cylinder head, piston, exhaust and inlet valve of a four-stroke, direct injection, single cylinder diesel engine were coated with molybdenum (Mo) by plasma spray method. Thus, thermal barrier characteristic was brought to these parts. Variances in performance and emission values of cotton methyl ester and 2D fuel mixtures were studied in the ceramic coated and uncoated engines under the same running conditions. Performance (6.0% for specific fuel consumption) and emission values (up to 18.0% for CO, 8.0% for smoke density) of the test fuel were improved in the coated engine compared with the uncoated engine. NO_x increase (4.5%) with the increased temperatures expected in the coated engine.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We study the relationship between tachyons in N=2 superconformal tensor product models and topology changing of the defining polynomial of corresponding algebraic varieties. We show that monomials which correspond to tachyons change the topology of the defining polynomial if they are added whereas those corresponding to massless and massive fields do not. (orig.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A hallmark of several human cancers is loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 17p13. The same chromosomal region is also frequently hypermethylated in cancer. Although loss of 17p13 has been often...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVES: To assess the suitability of analyzing functional images of brain serotonin (5-HT) synthesis with statistical parametric mapping (SPM), and to investigate further possible sex-related regional...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In developing new receptor-site specific brain imaging agents labeled with I-123 for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), an analog of raclopride, 3-["1"2"5I]-iodo-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-methyl]-2-hydroxy-6-me-thoxy benzamide (IBZM), was prepared using a method similar to that reported for raclopride and its derivatives. (author).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) of adolescents and adults morphologically mimic different stages of embryogenesis. Established cell lines of these cancers are used as informative models to study...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a carcinogenic tobacco specific nitrosamine, can be converted to electrophilic diazohydroxide intermediates by metabolic hydroxylation of either the methylene carbon (carbon 4) or the methyl carbon attached to the nitrosamine group. To investigate the relative importance of these two processes in NNK mutagenesis, we synthesized 4,4-dideutero-4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone((4,4,-D2)NNK) and 4-(trideuteromethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone ((CD3) NNK), and evaluated their mutagenic activities in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains. In the presence of Aroclor induced rat liver 9000 g supernatant, NNK and (4,4-D2)NNK had comparable mutagenic activities towards S. typhimurium TA 1535 and TA 100, but (CD3)NNK was inactive in both strains. These results suggest that hydroxylation of the methyl group of NNK is more important than hydroxylation of carbon 4 in its activation ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have undertaken a study of ion mobility resolution in a miniature ion mobility spectrometer with a drift channel 1.7 mm in diameter and 35 mm in length. The device attained a maximum resolution of 14 in separating ions of NO, O{sub 2}, and methyl iodine. The ions were generated by pulses from a frequency-quadrupled Nd:YAG laser. Broadening due to Coulomb repulsion was modeled theoretically and shown experimentally to have a major effect on the resolution of the miniature device.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The characterization of monoammine(nitroimidazole)platinum(II) complexes of structure (PtCl{sub 2}(NH{sub 3})(NO{sub 2}Im)) (NO{sub 2}Im = 1-((((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)carbonyl)methyl)-2-nitroimidazole, Etanidazole (I), 1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-methoxy2-propanol, Misonidazole (II), and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, Metronidazole (III)) is reported. Both is cis and trans isomers may be isolated for II and III. The crystal structure of cis-amminedichloro(1-((((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)carbonyl)methyl)-2-nitroimidazole)platinum(II) has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pnab with cell dimensions a = 14.867 (7) {angstrom}, b = 9.915 (5) {angstrom}, c = 19.015 (9) {angstrom}, and Z = 8. The structure was refined to R = 0.062 and R{sub w} = 0.052. Platinum has the expected square-planar coordination. The Pt-Cl bond trans to the nitroimidazole ligand is shorter (2.269 (3) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nanoparticles represent versatile building blocks in material science and nanotechnology. Thereby, the defined assembly of nanostructures (13 and 56 nm in diameter, respectively) is of significant importance. Short DNA sequences can be bound to the nanoparticle surface thus enabling highly specific DNA hybridization-driven events that direct the formation of nanoparticle constructs.In this paper, examples for the defined formation of gold nanoparticle constructs are demonstrated. In addition, gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles are introduced as further building blocks for the hybridization-controlled formation of nanoparticle constructs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Why we sleep remains one of the enduring unanswered questions in biology. At its core, sleep can be defined behaviorally as a homeostatically regulated state of reduced movement and sensory...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

We here at Blueshift do our best to cover all things astrophysics, which we rather loosely define as 'anything and everything outside the Solar System. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... FLUENT PEM fuel cell toolbox is actually composed of many User Defined Functions that are incorporated into the fuel cell model developed by ...

Science.gov (United States)

HYPSOGRAPHY FOR THE FOLLOWING QUADS ALEXANDRIA, FALLS CHURCH, WASHINGTON WEST, MOUNT VERNON, ROCKVILLE, SENECA AND VIENNA. COVERAGE CONTAINS ATTRIBUTES DEFINING OWNERSHIP....

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A sustained increase in pulsatile release of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus is an essential, final event that defines the initiation of mammalian puberty. This...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The document presented defines the plan to be used to coordinate the preparation, review, approval, and issuance of the operating procedure documents required to ensure safe and efficient operation of FFTF.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal disease and meningitis is the most serious complication. The purpose of this study is to define problems related to its diagnosis and treatment. This is a retrospective...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Objectives:The efficacy of user-defined subject tagging and software-generated subject tagging for describing and organizing cancer blog contents was explored.Methods:The...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Aging can be defined as a progressive decline in physiological efficiency regulated by an extremely complex multifactorial process. The genetic makeup of an individual appears to dictate this rate...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... by r repair crews, thus creating a second queue, that of failed terminals. The authors defined a trivariate stochastic process as follows: X(t) = 1 if ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this research, new thin freestanding films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/50% epoxidised natural rubber (ENR 50) were doped with lithium triflate, LiCF3SO3 salt was prepared by a solvent casting method. The incorporation of ENR 50 is found to increase the conductivity of PMMA/LiCF3SO3 by two orders of magnitude at room temperature. The highest conductivity achieved was 5.09x10-5Scm-1 at room temperature when 60% of LiCF3SO3 salt was introduced into the PMMA blend containing 10% ENR 50. The formation of excessive hydrogen bonds and interchain crosslinking limit the performance of the blend at higher concentrations of ENR 50. The ionic conduction mechanisms in PMMA/ENR 50/LiCF3SO3 electrolytes obey the Arrhenius rule in which the ion transport in these materials is thermally assisted...

Science.gov (United States)

The objectives of this project are to develop feasible synthetic routes to produce (1) 4(4`-hydroxy-5`,6`,7`,8`-tetrahydro-l`-naphthylmethyl )- 6-methyldibenzothiophene, and (2) a 1-hydroxynaphthalene-benzothiophene polymer. Our experimental work during this quarter concentrated on. As several possible synthetic routes to the target molecule, 4(4`-hydroxy-5`,6`,7`,8`-tetrahydro- l`-naphthylmethyl )-6-methyldibenzothiophene. We tried synthesizing the intermediates for our first method, in which we couple a metalated 4-methyldibenzothiophene with 4-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol. We found that we could easily metalate dibenzothiophene, and then add a methyl group to the 4-position to give 4-methyldibenzothiophene in greater than 80% yield by using t-butyllithium in tetrahydropyran followed by dimethylsulfate. However, adding the second metal to the desired 4` position using the same method was more difficult, and instead the reaction occurred on the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Platinum(II) complexes (1-4) with bidentate N,Nprime-ligands, O,Oprime-dialkyl esters (alkyl = ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and n-pentyl), of (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,Nprime-di-2-(4-methyl)pentanoic acid were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. DFT calculations were performed for the complexes and it was found that only one diastereoisomer could be formed. Cytotoxic activity of complexes 1-4 was determined against chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL) and compared to the activity of ligand precursors L12HCl-L42HCl and corresponding palladium(II) complexes, [PdCl2L] (L = L1-L4). The complexes were found to exhibit significantly higher antitumor activities than cisplatin on CLL cells. Cytotoxic effect of platinum(II) complexes on CLL cel...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, Acrigel, a Brazilian polymer, is used in the manufacture of medical supplies sterelizable by ionizing radiation. However, when PMMA is gamma-irradiated it undergoes main chain scissions, which promote molecular degradation causing reduction in its mechanical properties. Therefore, radiolytic of PMMA is important for it to become commercially radiosterizable. In this work some commercial additives, originally used in photo-and thermo-oxidate stabilization of polymers, were tested. Only two additives, type HALS (Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer), denoted Scavenger, showed a good protective quality. The investigation of radiation-induced main scissions was carried out by viscosimetric method. The most effective additive, added to the polymer system at 0.3 w/w%, promotes a great molecular radioprotection of 93%. That means a reduction of G-value (scissions/100 eV) from 0.611 to 0.053. In addition, the glassy transition temperature (T{sub ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amphiphilic block copolymers are synthesized by sulfonation of poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) using acetyl sulfate, and are blended with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) to prepare a new proton exchange membrane, in which PMMA is miscible with PVDF. The morphology and the transport properties of the membranes are investigated as functions of the degree of sulfonation as well as the blend ratio. Notable transition of phase-separated morphology is observed as the PVDF content of the blend is increased. Both the proton conductivity and the ion-exchange capacity (IEC) of the membrane increase with increasing the degree of sulfonation of PS-b-PMMA, and they are also enhanced as the phase-separated domains of blend membrane are well-ordered. Unlike the Nafion membrane, the proton conductivity of the blend membrane increases up to 90 C, indicating the blend membrane shows better thermal stability than the Nafion membrane. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A new lactone, 1,8-dihydroxy-10-methoxy-3-methyldibenzo[b,e]oxepine-6,11-dione (1), and two new xanthones, 1-hydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-9H-xanthen-9-one (2) and 1-hydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxy-6-methyl-9H-xanthen-9-one (3), were isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus Phoma sp. SK3RW1M collected from the South China Sea. This is the first report on xanthone derivatives isolated as secondary metabolites from Phoma species. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques, and the structure of compound 2 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Cytotoxicity assays showed that compounds 1-3 were inactive against KB and KBv200 cells.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The manufacture and use of wood/plastic composite (WPC) as an example of wood matrix and wood sawdust/plastic composites (SDP) as an example of plastic matrix are reviewed. The raw material for WPC are mostly vinyl monomers, particularly methyl methacrylate and styrene. The reaction in WPC polymerization is radical polymerization. Researches on the radiation sources mostly resulted in gamma-ray. Electron beam can be applied only to thin products. The future use of WPC may be for furnitures, sporting goods, decorative parts and the like. Vital study on the reduction of manufacturing costs is required, for example, the improvement of reaction and the adoption of continuous process must be considered. The raw materials for SDP are wood sawdust, vinyl monomer (mostly methyl methacrylate) and resins. Electron beam accelerators are the most preferable radiation source because of its high efficiency and safe operation. SDP shows good forming property. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The addition of paraquat (methyl viologen) to a growing culture of Escherichia coli K-12 led within 1 hr to a 10- to 20-fold increase in the level of endonuclease IV, a DNase for apurinic/apyrimidinic sites. The induction was blocked by chloramphenicol. Increases of 3-fold or more were also seen with plumbagin, menadione, and phenazine methosulfate. H_2O_2 produced no more than a 2-fold increase in endonuclease IV activity. The following agents had no significant effect: streptonigrin, nitrofurantoin, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, #gamma# rays, 260-nm UV radiation, methyl methanesulfonate, mitomycin C, and ascorbate. Paraquat, plumbagin, menadione, and phenazine methosulfate are known to generate superoxide radical anions via redox cycling in vivo. A mutant lacking superoxide dismutase was unusually sensitive to induction by paraquat. In addition, endonuclease IV could be induced by merely growing the mutant in pure O_2. The levels of endonuclease ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The dependences of kinetic energies and peak profiles of multicharged ions of I "q"+ (q = 2-3) and C"2"+ on the laser intensity have been studied in detail by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, those multicharged ions are produced by irradiation of methyl iodide cluster beam with a nanosecond 532 nm Nd-YAG laser. Our experiments show that the kinetic energies released of multicharged ions increase linearly with the laser intensity in the range of 3 x 10"9-2 x 10"1"1 W/cm"2. The peaks of multicharged ions are split to forward ions and backward ions, and the ratio of the backward ions to forward ions decreases exponentially with laser intensity. The decreasing of backward ions is probably due to Coulomb scattering by the heavier I"+ ions when they turn around through the laser focus point. The linear dependence of kinetic energy of multicharged ions on laser intensity is interpreted by the ionization mechanism, in which the laser induced inverse bremsstrahlung heating ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We describe the isolation and genetic characterization of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced mutations in the phage P22 mnt repressor gene cloned in plasmid pBR322. Mutations in the mnt repressor gene or its operator on this plasmid, pPY98, confer a tetracycline resistance phenotype, whereas the wild-type plasmid confers tetracycline sensitivity. Cells carrying pPY98 were briefly exposed to MNNG to give 20 to 40% survival and a 50- to 100-fold increase in tetracycline-resistant cells. DNA sequence analysis showed that 29 to 30 MNNG-induced mutations were GC-to-AT transitions and one was an AT-to-GC transition. About 80% of the mutations are in three hotspots. This mutation spectrum is consistent with the proposed mechanism of mutagenic action of MNNG, which involves mispairing of an alkylated base, O/sup 6/-methylguanine. The mnt gene may be a useful target for determining mutagenic specificity at the nucleotide level because (i) forward ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using acrylic-group containing isocyanates together with methyl methacrylate as impregnating mixture and gamma rays for curing wood-plastic composites have been produced, which show high-dimensional stability and toughness (low brittleness) compared to commonly used wood-plastics. The syntheses of proper acrylic-group containing isocyanates are as well described as the properties of the produced composites, made from maple wood. Also the direct use of the initial compounds, necessary for the syntheses, resulted in products of similar properties. These wood-plastic composites are to be suggested for the production of high-class products, e.g. wood-wind instruments. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This is a preliminary study on the sound absorption properties of two tropical hardwoods, Light Red Meranti and Ramin, and their wood-polymer composites. Sound absorption is measured using a standing wave apparatus. The samples are of one thickness (7 mm) and cut longitudinally. Wood-polymer composites are made by impregnating the samples with methyl methacrylate which is polymerized in situ through #gamma#-irradiation. Both woods and their composites are better sound absorbers at higher sound frequencies. With partial impregnation, the absorption coefficients are improved upon particularly in the region between 1-3 kHz. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A wood/polymer composite was produced by impregnating Ramin wood with methyl methacrylate monomer and subsequently polymerizing it by gamma irradiation. To assess the improvement in compression strength of the wood caused by the polymer impregnation, a microbuckling compression failure mechanism was used to model the compression failure of the composite. Such a mechanism was found to predict a linear relationship between the compression strength and the percentage polymer impregnation (by weight). Uniaxial compression test results at 45({plus minus}5)% and 90({plus minus}5)% relative humidity levels, after being statistically analysed, showed that such a linear relationship was valid for up to 100% polymer impregnation. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The biodegradation of ring-/sup 14/C- and methyl-/sup 14/C-labeled paraquat by the soil yeast Lipomyces starkeyi was studied in vitro. It was found that the degradation of paraquat (acting as a sole source of culture nitrogen) resulted in the accumulation in the extracellular medium of radiolabeled acetic acid. The culture also evolved radiolabeled CO/sub 2/. The results suggest that the degradation of paraquat by L. starkeyi is associated with the integrity of the cell wall and that disruption or removal of the wall results in a complete loss of degradative capability. A mechanism for the degradation of paraquat by this organism is postulated.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Central nervous system (CNS) development, homeostasis, stress responses, and plasticity are all mediated by epigenetic mechanisms that modulate gene expression and promote selective deployment of functional gene networks in response to complex profiles of interoceptive and environmental signals. Thus, not surprisingly, disruptions of these epigenetic processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of a spectrum of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms involve chromatin remodeling by relatively generic complexes that catalyze DNA methylation and various types of histone modifications. There is increasing evidence that these complexes are directed to their sites of action by long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), of which there are tens if not hundreds of thousands speci...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Recently, a superconducting cryo-electron microscope in which specimens are cooled to the liquid helium temperature (4.2 K) has been developed. The main components and functional features of this new microscope are reported together with application data on polyethylene, poly (4-methyl-1-pentene), valonia cellulose, rock salt, ice crystallites and ceramic superconductor. The resistance to electron radiation damage, of beam-sensitive specimens including polymers has been increased more than ten times. Thus, the microscope has made it possible to take high resolution images and to analyze the crystal-structure of micro-areas. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes the chemical constituents isolated from aerial parts of the plant Galianthe brasiliensis. From a methanol extract, the iridoid glycosides asperuloside, deacetylasperuloside, mixture of Z- and E-6-O-p-coumaroylscandoside methyl ester, the triterpene ursolic acid and the steroids stigmasterol, campesterol, b-sitosterol and 3-O-b-glucopyranosyl sitosterol were isolated. The structures of the natural products were identified on the basis of spectral data, including 2D NMR experiments. The antiproliferative properties of the crude methanolic extract were investigated against a series of nine human cancer cell lines. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effects of a daily 3-g supplement of betaine on kinetic aspects of L-[2H3-methyl-1-13C]methionine (MET) metabolism in healthy young adult men were explored. Four groups of four subjects each were given a control diet, based on an L-amino acid mixture supplying 29.5 and 21.9 mg.kg-1.d-1 of L-methionine and L-cystine for 4 d before the tracer study, conducted on day 5 during the fed state. Two groups received the control diet and two groups received the betaine supplement. Tracer was given intravenously (iv) or orally. The transmethylation rate of MET (TM), homocysteine remethylation (RM), and oxidation of methionine were estimated from plasma methionine labeling and 13C enrichment of expired air. RM tended to increase (P = 0.14) but the TM and methionine oxidation were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher after betaine supplementation when estimated with the oral tracer. No differences were detected with the intravenous tracer. Methionine concentration in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The kinetics of the oxidative addition of CH/sub 3/I to platinum(II) complexes in aqueous solutions of K/sub 2/PtCl/sub 4/ and KPtCl/sub 3/(C/sub 2/H/sub 4/) have been studied by PMR and GLC. The second-order rate constants for the PtCl/sub 3/(H/sub 2/O)/sup -/ and PtCl/sub 4//sup 2 -/ particles are equal to 400 exp(-2.7 x 10/sup 3//T) and 3.18 x 10/sup 10/ exp(-9.2 x 10/sup 3//T) mole/sup -1/ x liter x sec/sup -1/, respectively. The introduction of a ..pi..-acceptor ligand, viz. ethylene, into the coordination sphere of platinum(II) results in a sharp drop in the rate, probably due to a decrease in the electron density on the platinum atom. According to the PMR data, the product of the oxidative addition of CH/sub 3/I to Zeise's salt is a methyl complex of platinum(IV), is identical to the complex obtained by reacting methyl iodide with K/sub 2/PtCL/sub 4/, and does not contain an olefin.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We previously reported the identification of a new family of plant methyltransferases (MTs), named the SABATH family, that use S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) to methylate a carboxyl moiety or a nitrogen-containing functional group on a diverse array of plant compounds. The Arabidopsis genome alone contains 24 distinct SABATH genes. To identify the catalytic specificities of members of this protein family in Arabidopsis, we screened recombinantly expressed and purified enzymes with a large number of potential substrates. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana gene At3g44860 encodes a protein with high catalytic specificity towards farnesoic acid (FA). Under steady-state conditions, this farnesoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (FAMT) exhibits K{sub M} values of 41 and 71 {mu}M for FA and SAM, respectively. A three-dimensional model of FAMT constructed based upon similarity to the experimentally determined structure of Clarkia breweri salicylic acid ...

CERN Document Server

In this paper, certain linear operators defined on $p$-valent analytic functions have been unified and for them some subordination and superordination results as well as the corresponding sandwich type results are obtained. A related integral transform is discussed and sufficient conditions for functions in different classes have been obtained.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Newly hatched chicks were dosed orally with a Salmonella typhimurium wild-type strain, an S. enteritidis wild-type strain, and a genetically defined S. enteritidis aroA vaccine candidate, strain CVL30....Full Text Available

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english This paper presents an HP-Adaptive Procedure with Hierarchical formulation for the Boundary Element Method in 2-D Elasticity problems. Firstly, H, P and HP formulations are defined. Then, the hierarchical concept, which allows a substantial reduction in the dimension of equation system, is introduced. The error estimator used is based on the residual computation over each node inside an element. Finally, the HP strategy is defined and applied to two examples.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have researched several new focused ion beam (FIB) micro-fabrication techniques that offer control of feature shape and the ability to accurately define features onto nonplanar substrates. These FIB-based processes are considered useful for prototyping, reverse engineering, and small-lot manufacturing. Ion beam-based techniques have been developed for defining features in miniature, nonplanar substrates. We demonstrate helices in cylindrical substrates having diameters from 100 {micro}m to 3 mm. Ion beam lathe processes sputter-define 10-{micro}m wide features in cylindrical substrates and tubes. For larger substrates, we combine focused ion beam milling with ultra-precision lathe turning techniques to accurately define 25-100 {micro}m features over many meters of path length. In several cases, we combine the feature defining capability of focused ion beam bombardment with ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Advanced Neutron Source will be a new world-class facility for research using hot, thermal, cold, and ultra-cold neutrons. The heart of the facility will be a 330-MW (fission), heavy-water cooled and heavy-water moderated reactor. The reactor will be housed in a central reactor building, with supporting equipment located in an adjoining reactor support building. An array of cold neutron guides will fan out into a large guide hall, housing about 30 neutron research stations. Appropriate office, laboratory, and shop facilities will be included to provide a complete facility for users. The ANS is scheduled to begin operation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory early in the next decade. This PDR document defines the plant-level requirements for the design, construction, and operation of ANS. It also defines and provides input to the individual System Design Description (SDD) documents. Together, this PDR document and the set of SDD documents ...

Science.gov (United States)

A limited program of field measurements was undertaken in order to define the wind characteristics of the DOE/Sandia vertical axis wind turbine test facility. Because micrometeorological conditions under which a particular wind turbine is tested may have ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Ophthalmologic abnormalities have been described in patients with dementia, but the extent to which poor vision and treatment for visual disorders affect cognitive decline is not well defined. Linked...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Therapeutic embolization is defined as the voluntary occlusion of one or several vessels, and this is achieved by inserting material into the lumen to obtain transient or permanent thrombosis in the...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

There is a quest for the development of a new generation of vaccines consisting of well-defined subunit antigens. For a number of practical reasons it is attractive to develop vaccines on the basis...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

To understand the function of edges in perception of moving objects, we defined four questions to answer. Is the focus point in visual motion detection of a moving object: (1) the body or the edge of...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Types of disorders in the earth's surface as a result of open pit mining operations are analyzed. Trends for recultivation of lands are defined. Formulas are presented for calculating the economic expediency of the selected direction of recultivation.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The ruminal selenomonad strain H18 grew rapidly (mu = 0.50 h-1) in a defined medium containing glucose, ammonia, purified amino acids, and sodium (95 mM); little if any ammonia was utilized as a nitrogen...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundIn a world limited by data availability and limited funds for conservation, scientists and practitioners must use indicator groups to define spatial conservation priorities....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background:The non-surgical management of non-melanoma skin cancers is an area requiring clinical investigation. Radiotherapy has a role in treatment for a defined subset...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The mechanism of cytokinesis has been difficult to define because of the short duration and the temporal-spatial dynamics involved in the formation, activation, force production, and disappearance of...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We report on the presentation and management of a patient with herniation of the rectum following a coccygectomy. We used an abdominal approach and careful pelvic dissection to define the defect in...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVES: To define a method for measurement of the cross sectional area and volume of the quadriceps femoris muscle using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in conjunction with stereology, and to compare...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

To define the import pathway for apoiso-1-cytochrome c in vivo, the coding region for bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) or yeast copper metallothionein (CuMT) was fused to the carboxy...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is the purpose of this paper to prove that a preferred space direction is coupled with each tachyon and, consequently, scalar tachyons, are impossible in principle. Even the notion of a scalar faster-than-light particle cannot be defined in a relativistically invariant way.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Immunotherapy has shown promise in a number of tumor types, but its exact role in sarcoma remains to be defined. Advanced bone and soft tissue sarcomas are challenging diseases to treat with an unmet...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The definitions provided in this bilingual glossary are intended to serve as indicative explanations of the defined words and phrases, and not for purposes of interpreting any particular contract or international agreement. Approximately 100 terms appear ...

Science.gov (United States)

The definitions provided in this bilingual glossary are intended to serve as indicative explanations of the defined words and phrases, and not for purposes of interpreting any particular contract or international agreement. Approximately 100 terms appear ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The functional and thermodynamic characteristics of the ubiquinolcytochrome (Cyt) c oxidoreductase in a Cyt b/c₁-enriched fraction (defined...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundProfessionalism is a difficult construct to define in medical students but aspects of this concept may be important in predicting the risk of postgraduate misconduct. For...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Alcohol dependence (AD) is clinically and etiologically heterogeneous. The goal of this study was to explore AD subtypes among a sample of 1, 221 participants in the Irish Affected Sib Pair...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plasma surface interactions in tokamaks are known to create significant quantities of dust, which settles onto surfaces and accumulates in the vacuum vessel. In ITER, a loss of vacuum accident may result in the release of dust which will be radioactive and/or toxic, and provides increased surface area for chemical reactions or dust explosion. A new method of analysis has been developed for modeling dust resuspension and transport in loss of vacuum accidents. The aerosol dynamic equation is solved via the user defined scalar (UDS) capability in the commercial CFD code Fluent. Fluent solves up to 50 generic transport equations for user defined scalars, and allows customization of terms in these equations through user defined functions (UDF). This allows calculation of diffusion coefficients based on local flow properties, inclusion of body forces such as gravity and thermophoresis in the convection term, and user ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The continuous addition of toluene as a solute of treated ballast water from oil tankers into a well-defined estuary facilitated the study of the dynamics of dissolved hydrocarbon metabolism in seawater....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Most published estimates of the costs of the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been developed from the societal perspective,...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

We consider the framework of an operator-valued noncommutative probability space over a unital C*-algebra B. We show how for a B-valued distribution \\mu one can define convolution powers with respect to free additive convolution and with respect to Boolean convolution, where the exponent considered in the power is a suitably chosen linear map \\eta from B to B, instead of being a non-negative real number. More precisely, the Boolean convolution power is defined whenever \\eta is completely positive, while the free additive convolution power is defined whenever \\eta - 1 is completely positive (where 1 stands for the identity map on B). In connection to these convolution powers we define an evolution semigroup related to the Boolean Bercovici-Pata bijection. We prove several properties of this semigroup, including its connection to the B-valued free Brownian motion. We also obtain two results on the ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An RNA secondary structure is locally optimal if there is no lower energy structure that can be obtained by the addition or removal of a single base pair, where energy is defined according...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Rhodococcus fascians is a Gram-positive phytopathogen that induces shooty hyperplasia on its hosts through the secretion of cytokinins. Global transcriptomics using microarrays combined...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundClassification systems may be useful to direct more aggressive treatment to cancer patients with a relatively poor prognosis. The definition of 'poor prognosis' often lacks...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One- and two-dimensional NMR techniques have been used to investigate the solution structures of (2S,6S,11S,15S)-2,6,11,15-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (I) and (2R,3R,11R,12R)-2,3,11,12-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxyacyclooctadecane (II) macrocycle complexes of CaCl{sub 2} and Ca(NO{sub 3}){sub 2} in CDCl{sub 3}. Previous chiroptical studies of these and similar crown complexes by circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), total luminescence (TL), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy have shown that the macrocycle asymmetric carbons in these complexes constrain the ring such that the sense of the ring twist in the S chiral ring complexes is opposite to that in the R chiral ring complexes. These studies have also shown that there is an added chirality element in the di- and trivalent (alkaline earth and lanthanide metal, respectively) nitrate complexes of I and II associated with the twist of the nitrate anions relative to one another as they sterically ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This analysis defines and evaluates the surface water supply system from the existing J-13 well to the North Portal. This system includes the pipe running from J-13 to a proposed Booster Pump Station at the intersection of H Road and the North Portal access road. Contained herein is an analysis of the proposed Booster Pump Station with a brief description of the system that could be installed to the South Portal and the optional shaft. The tanks that supply the water to the North Portal are sized, and the supply system to the North Portal facilities and up to Topopah Spring North Ramp is defined.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

By its very nature redox potential measurement is suitable for determining the concentration ratio of a stable redox pair through its interaction with a chemically inert electrode surface but not the absolute concentration of a material. The measured redox potentials agree only rarely with those which are easily calculable theoretically. No individual defined stable redox pair is available in power station water. It is therefore not simply possible to measure definable mixed potentials more precisely. For these reasons redox potential measurement in the power station, as also with other types of water, can no longer be regarded as an indicator, by which it can be established whether oxidizing or reducing materials predominate in the water.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents a multicriteria analysis of ventilation during summertime in Europe. Multicriteria analysis theories are used to determine the most suitable ventilation strategy on a university building, that is to say to ensure the best possible indoor air quality, thermal comfort of the occupants and the lower energy consumption in case of accelerated diurnal or nocturnal ventilation and/or air conditioning. After defining the possible actions, the criteria of quality regarding thermal comfort, indoor air quality and energy consumption are defined. The possible actions are then assessed relative to each of these three criteria and ranked from the best to the worst ones using two different multicriteria analysis methods. (author)

CERN Document Server

We carry out a Lie group analysis of the Sachs equations for a time-dependent axisymmetric non-rotating space-time in which the Ricci tensor vanishes. These equations, which are the first two members of the set of Newman-Penrose equations, define the characteristic initial-value problem for the space-time. We find a particular form for the initial data such that these equations admit a Lie symmetry, and so defines a geometrically special class of such spacetimes. These should additionally be of particular physical interest because of this special geometric feature.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The intention is to define what is required as evidence of continuous resistance to malfunction to ensure operational safety according to Rule KTA 3706 'Proof of electrical component safety under leakage conditions'. As a supporting part of this task, a recognized scientific and engineering basis on which to define the requirements has to be set up. The report is a compilation of studies and development work which could contribute useful improvements to the assessment methodology applied to thermal aging (Arrhenius model, ndeg-rule, Eyring model, Inverse-power model, according to KTA Rule 3505) of electronic controls or electrical components. (orig./DG).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The TiO2 hollow microspheres were prepared by microwave-assisted solvothermal treatment without template. The morphology and the phase of TiO2 hollow microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and BET surface areas. The results show that the particles have hollow structures and the shell was covered by nanocrystals and have higher specific surface area. The possible formation mechanism of hollow TiO2 spherical structures has simply been proposed. The activity was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO). The results show that the particles having specific surface area show higher photocatalytic activity. It can be attribute to the doped ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

"2"0"3Pb, an ideal radionuclide for toxicological studies, can be artificially produced by bombardment of a thallium target but due to the extreme toxicity of thallium the lead has to be separated completely from the thallium. A single step method is here described consisting of removing the thallium from a dilute acid chloride solution using a continuous ethyl ether extraction. Essentially all of the thallium and almost none of the lead is removed in a 3-hr extraction. Because the ether is recycled, only about 30 ml are needed. If other contaminants are introduced from the bombardment and its subsequent manipulations, an additional step is used in which the lead is extracted from an iodide solution with methyl isopropyl keton. (U.K.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the elderly accounting for the vast majority of dementia. Recently, many studies have implicated the role of inflammatory response, especially neuroinflammatory response in the development and progression of AD. However, the underlying mechanism of how inflammatory response induces AD is unknown. Kynurenine pathway is a major route of the amino acid tryptophan catabolism, resulting in the production of nicotine adenine dinucleotide and other neuroactive intermediates: quinolinic acid (QA) and kynurenic acid (KA). QA exerts different toxic effects, including over-activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and excitotoxicity, synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. On the other hand, KA is identified as the only...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper deals with the preparation and characterization of polyaniline/TiO{sub 2} composite by XRD, UV-VIS spectra, TGA/DTA and FTIR. The composite is used as a cathode material for rechargeable battery comprising of zinc container as the anode, cellulose acetate as the separator and polyvinyl sulfate and carboxy methyl cellulose as the solid polymer electrolytes (SPE). By using the PAn/TiO{sub 2} composite as the cathode material, the cylindrical AA type rechargeable battery was fabricated and the following output was observed. The open circuit voltage (OCV) is 1.4 V and current is 250 mA to 1.0 A, 50 recharge cycles, power density is 350 A h/kg and power efficiency is 70%.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In the present work, quaternary chitosans as water-soluble compounds were prepared based on three-step process. Schiff bases were firstly synthesized by the reaction between the amino groups of chitosan with aliphatic aldehydes followed by a reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to form N-(alkyl) chitosans. N,N,N-(dimethyl alkyl) chitosans were then obtained by a reaction of chitosan containing N-butyl, N-pentyl, N-hexyl, N-heptyl, and N-octyl substituents with methyl iodide. The compounds were characterized using IR and NMR spectroscopy. Subsequent experiments were conducted to test their antimicrobial activities against the most economic plant pathogenic bacteria of crown gall disease Agrobacterium tumefaciens, soft mold disease Erwinia carotovora, fungi of grey mold Botrytis cinerea...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The common military explosives 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) are distributed in many military training areas, and are thus encountered by grazing animals. The aim of this study was to examine small ruminant's intake of forage contaminated with explosives. An indoor, experimental setup was used to determine if contamination of forage by these compounds affected intake by sheep. The results clearly demonstrate that contamination by any of the three explosives reduced forage intake in sheep; in order of increasing avoidance: RDX

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Studies of CWF preparation at laboratory scale have been carried out using the type and amount of additives and coal content as process variables. Other factors such as particle size, time and rate of stirring were kept constant. CWF with 45 wt% of dry solids, heating value of 5,475 BTU/lb, and stable without the evidence of sedimentation for 9 weeks have been obtained using carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) as the additive. Low coal content and low heating value can be increased by hydrothermal process on the elevated temperature and pressure. By this process, CWF with dry solid of 55 wt% and a heating value of 7,125 BTU/lb could be obtained. 6 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Optimum processing parameters were searched for the pilot-scale production of wood-polyester composites by irradiation of resin-impregnated wood material. The radiation initiation of the following systems were examined in wood and without wood matrix: methyl methacrylate, mixture of styrene and acrylonitryle, and their combination with unsaturated polyester. In the most cases the over-all rate of the complete polymerization process in wood matrix is proportional to the square root of the initiation rate. The parameters of the radiation technology of wood-polyester composites have been determined, using 260 TBq (7 kCi) "6"0Co radiation source. A pilot plant has been constructed using an underwater irradiation system of 1.85 PBq (50 kCi) "6"0Co. The successful production rate of 200 kg wood-polyester composite per day, as well as the application tests have demonstrated the technical feasibility of this new structural material. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using the radiation chemical method it is possible to prepare wood-plastic composites using doses of 1 to 2.5 kGy. The impregnation mixture in the wood gelatinates and subsequent curing using chemical initiators takes place without outflow of the mixture from the wood and without formation of incrustations. The basic components of the impregnation mixtures used were unsaturated polyester resins; styrene or methyl methacrylate was used as the thinner. The proven initiator of polymerization was 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile. The technology is described of wood impregnation and radiation or chemical curing. The effects were monitored of viscosity, temperature, radiation dose and the concentrations of the individual components of the impregnation mixtures and initiators of polymerization on the process of the preparation of wood-plastic composites.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The dual characteristics in the performance of polymers in wood-polymer composites systems have been pursued with regard to the resolution of mechanical anisotropy of wood and the improvement in dimensional stability. The objective of the present study is to pursue the polymerization mechanism in wood under electron beam irradiation and the temperature dependence of polymer-wood interactions induced at various levels of higher order structure of wood in order to understand the polymer performance. Veneers used in the study were of rotary-cut beech (Fagus crenata Blume) 0.65 mm thick. All samples were oven-dried in vacuo at 80/sup 0/C for 30 hr. The monomers used in the study were methyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and unsaturated polyester. Experimental details are given. Results are given and discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One-electron oxidation of several derivatives of pyrazolin-5-one, including the drug antipyrine, were studied by pulse radiolysis of aqueous solutions. All the compounds were found to be oxidized by Br2 rapidly but considerably more slowly by weaker oxidants, such as peroxyl radicals. From redox equilibria using p-methoxyphenol and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine as reference compounds, the one-electron oxidation potentials of the methyl-substituted 2-pyrazolin-5-ones were found to be in the range of 0.32-0.39 V versus normal hydrogen electrode. The relevance of these findings to the properties of the drug nafazatrom is discussed. Antipyrine was found to have a much higher oxidation potential, estimated as 1.2-1.5 V, which is rationalized on the basis of the phenyl substitution and lack of resonance stabilization of the radical cation.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Epigenetic regulations of genes by reversible methylation of DNA (at the carbon-5 of cytosine) and numerous reversible modifications of histones play important roles in normal physiology and development, and epigenetic deregulations are associated with developmental disorders and various disease states, including cancer. Stem cells have the capacity to self-renew indefinitely. Similar to stem cells, some malignant cells have the capacity to divide indefinitely and are referred to as cancer stem cells. In recent times, direct correlation between epigenetic modifications and reprogramming of stem cell and cancer stem cell is emerging. Major discoveries were made with investigations on reprogramming gene products, also known as master regulators of totipotency and inducer of pluoripotency, na...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ultra-thin, uniform, pinhole-free solid polymer electrolyte films having a fixed carboxylic ester group of approximately 1 {mu}m thickness were prepared by polymerization of methyl acrylate and tris(2-methoxyethoxy)vinylsilane in a glow discharge plasma. The carboxylic ester group of the plasma polymer were transformed to lithium carboxylate groups by treatment with lithium iodide. This process give a single lithium ion conductive film. These solid polymer electrolyte films showed ionic conductivities of the order of 10{sup -8} S cm{sup -1} (10{sup 4} {omega} cm{sup 2} resistance per unit area) at room temperature. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Tissue hypoxia is a feature of cancer, heart disease and stroke, and imaging it may become clinically important. Copper-ATSM (ATSMH2 = 2,3-butanedione bis(N-methyl)thiosemicarb-azone), labelled with 60Cu, 62Cu or 64Cu, is selectively taken up in hypoxic cells in vitro and in vivo by a bioreductive mechanism, and is a prototype hypoxia imaging agent amenable to improvement. In vitro studies with several differently alkylated analogues of CuATSM show that hypoxia selectivity is a general property of complexes with two alkyl groups at the diketone backbone, offering a range of pharmacokinetic properties while retaining hypoxia selectivity. This pharmacokinetic control affords a route to development of second-generation hypoxia imaging agents with optimized properties for different clinical ap...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isobaric specific heat capacities were measured for {1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (HMIMBF4) + acetonitrile (MeCN)} and {1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (OMIMBF4) + acetonitrile} within the whole range of composition and temperatures from (283.15 to 323.15) K. The excess molar heat capacities were calculated from the experimental results and satisfactorily fitted to Redlich-Kister type polynomials for several selected temperatures. Negative deviations from the additivity of molar heat capacities were observed within the whole composition range of (HMIBMF4 + MeCN) and (OMIMBF4 + MeCN). The results obtained have been interpreted in terms of interactions between ionic liquids and acetonitrile.

Science.gov (United States)

National and international organizations have paid particular attention to the use of food irradiation as a method to reduce postharvest food losses, to ensure hygienic quality of foods-especially those of animal origin, and to overcome certain non-tariff barriers to trade for the following reasons: (1) The increasingly strict standards for quality and quarantine in food trade. (2) The increasingly restrictions and prohibitions of fumigants of food for health or environmental reasons. (3) The increasing awareness of foodborne diseases in both advanced and developing countries. (4) The high postharvest losses of foods in developing countries. (5) The increase liberalization of food trade after GATT Uruguay Round, and the need to maintain or increase export of food and agricultural commodities and to be competitive in the world market. Irradiated foods have been commercialized since 1973 when the first potato irradiator was established at the Shihoro Agricultural Cooperative, Hokkaido, ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The behavior of proton transfer facilitated by a novel thiazole derivative, N-methyl-4-(4-phenoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-amine (MPPT), across the water/1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) interface was investigated electrochemically. The ionic partition diagram for MPPT was obtained from interpretation of the cyclic voltammograms. The apparent partition coefficient of MPPT was evaluated by the shaking-flask method under experimental conditions, while that for the protonated form of MPPT was calculated from its transfer potential obtained from the ionic partition diagram. It was suggested that the mechanism for transfer of MPPT across the water/1,2-DCE) interface depends on the pH of the aqueous phase. The parameters of the facilitated proton transfer across the water/1,2-DCE interface were evaluated as ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Experimental data on density, viscosity, and refractive index at T = (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K, while speed of sound values at T = 298.15 K are presented for the binary mixtures of (methylcyclohexane + benzene), methylbenzene (toluene), 1,4-dimethylbenzene (p-xylene), 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (mesitylene), and methoxybenzene (anisole). From these data of density, viscosity, and refractive index, the excess molar volume, the deviations in viscosity, molar refraction, speed of sound, and isentropic compressibility have been calculated. The computed values have been fitted to Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to derive the coefficients and estimate the standard errors. Variations in the calculated excess quantities for these mixtures have been studied in terms of molecular interactions between the component liquids and the effects of methyl and methoxy group substitution on benzene ring.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is well known that a protective film is formed on the graphite negative electrode in ethylene carbonate (EC) electrolyte solution. This film is lithium-ion conductive and protects the decomposition of the electrolyte solution. In the present paper, the electrode/electrolyte interfaces in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries were characterized by three-dimensional complex impedance plots, whose axes are real, imaginary parts and time. The film resistance R {sub sei} and charge transfer resistance R {sub ct} were determined for negative electrodes in EC/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) electrolyte solution, and the formation mechanisms of the interfacial film were discussed. Furthermore, the contributions of vinylene carbonate and ethylene sulfite, which are added into the electrolyte solution for the film formation, were investigated.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A method is described for determination of aluminium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, manganese, nickel, lead, strontium, zinc, titanium and vanadium in iron ore. After dissolution, a 1 gram sample of iron ore is applied to a column of AGI-X8 anion exchange resin (chloride form), in 100 ml of 7M HCl. Aluminium, chromium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, manganese, nickel, lead, strontium, titanium and vanadium are eluted with 7M HCl; iron, copper and cobalt are eluted with 0.5M HCl; cadmium and zinc are eluted with 2M HNO_3. Iron is subsequently removed from copper and cobalt by a solvent extraction with methyl isobutyl ketone. The elements are determined in the eluates by atomic absorption spectrometry, except for titanium and vanadium, which are determined spectrophotometrically.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Synthetic chemistry originally developed for the manufacture of chemically stable silica polyamine composites was adapted for the modification of fused silica capillaries for application in CE. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyallylamine (PAA) were covalently bonded to the interior surface of fused silica capillaries utilizing 3-chloropropyltrichlorosilane (CPTCS) or 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) to anchor the polymers to the surface. The surface-bound polymers were subsequently quaternized using methyl iodide (MeI). The resulting modified capillaries were studied using CE, and were shown to provide reproducible, stable, and robust anodic EOF throughout the pH range of 2-10. Surface modifications utilizing CPTCS could be rinsed with up to 6 M HCL or 1 M NaOH without significant...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper describes the chemical constituents isolated from aerial parts of the plant Galianthe brasiliensis. From a methanol extract, the iridoid glycosides asperuloside, deacetylasperuloside, mixture of Z- and E-6-O-p-coumaroylscandoside methyl ester, the triterpene ursolic acid and the steroids stigmasterol, campesterol, b-sitosterol and 3-O-b-glucopyranosyl sitosterol were isolated. The structures of the natural products were identified on the basis of spectral data, including 2D NMR experiments. The antiproliferative properties of the crude methanolic extract were investigated against a series of nine human cancer cell lines. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Syntheses are described for tetra and pentadeutero indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) labeled in positions 4,5,6,7 or 2,4,5,6,7 of the indole moiety. Polydeuterated IAA is proposed as an internal standard for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of IAA by selected ion monitoring. Nanogram amounts of IAA may be assayed by monitoring the base peak of IAA at m/z = 130 (134 for d/sub 4/-IAA) and the molecular ion of the methyl ester of IAA at 189 (193 for d/sub 4/-IAA). Deuterium in positions 4,5,6, and 7 and, to only a slightly lesser extent, that in position 2 of IAA is retained during alkali treatment, thus permitting use of these compounds as internal standards for assay of IAA released by alkaline hydrolysis of ester and amide conjugates. The use of polydeutero internal standards separates the standards from the isotope cluster caused by the normal abundance of heavy isotopes and also permits use of reduced mass resolution, thus leading to a 10-fold increase in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, Acrigel, a Brazilian polymer, is used in the manufacture of medical supplies sterilisable by ionizing radiation. However, when PMMA is gamma-irradiated it undergoes main chain scissions, which promote molecular degradation causing reduction in its physical properties. Therefore, radiolytic stabilization of PMMA is important for to become it commercially radio sterilisable. In this work we investigated the radiolytic stabilization of PMMA by using HALS (Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer) additive, commercially used for photo and thermo oxidative stabilization of polymers. The investigation of the radiation-induced main chain scissions was carried out by viscometric method. The additive added to the polymer system at 0.3 % w/w promotes a molecular radioprotection of 61%. That means a reduction of G value (scissions/100 eV) from 2.6 to 1.0. In addition, the glassy transition temperature (Tg) of PMMA (no additive), significantly changed ...

Science.gov (United States)

High molecular weight DNA from pleroceroid larvae of the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides was purified from isolated nuclei by conventional techniques. The DNA so isolated has a melting temperature (Tm) of 87 degrees C and a guanine plus cytosine (G/C) content of 44%. 5-Methyl cytosine could not be detected in plerocercoid DNA by HPLC analysis of DNA hydrolysates, by radiolabeling 5'-termini of MspI digests with polynucleotide kinase, or by comparing restriction patterns generated by MspI and HpaII. Renaturation kinetics demonstrated that the genome of S. mansonoides contains repetitive as well as single copy sequences and has a genome size estimated at approx. 1.6 X 10(9) bp. Hybridization was carried out between plerocercoid DNA and cDNAs for human beta-actin, alpha-tubulin and growth hormone (hGH). Rationale for this analysis was based on known homologies among actin and tubulin genes in numerous species and on apparent similarities between hGH and a plerocercoid ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Proposed is a lubricating composition for processing flushing fluids, which contains synthetic fatty acids of the fraction carbon 11-20, oxidized petrolatum, mineral oil, and additives. In order to increase the antiwear, anticorrosion, and antiscratching properties of the composition under conditions of polymineral corrosion with simultaneous decrease in the water loss of the flushing fluids as additives the composition contains stearic acid, polyoxyethylated methyl phenol, naptha soap, 1,5-dibenzoylnapthaline-4', 4''-dicarboxylic acid, calcined soda, secondary nonsaponifiables, obtained in the production of synthetic fatty acids by oxidation of paraffin, and polyfunctional oxygen-bearing compounds, obtained by oxidation of secondary nonsaponifiables by atmospheric oxygen, with the following ratio of components, wt%: 17.2-19.2% synthetic fatty acids of the carbon 17-20 fraction, 5.2-5.8% oxidized petrolatum, 3.5-3.7% polyoxyethylated ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of jojoba methyl ester as a pilot fuel was investigated for almost the first time as a way to improve the performance of dual fuel engine running on natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at part load. The dual fuel engine used was Ricardo E6 variable compression diesel engine and it used either compressed natural gas (CNG) or LPG as the main fuel and jojoba methyl ester as a pilot fuel. Diesel fuel was used as a reference fuel for the dual fuel engine results. During the experimental tests, the following have been measured: engine efficiency in terms of specific fuel consumption, brake power output, combustion noise in terms of maximum pressure rise rate and maximum pressure, exhaust emissions in terms of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, knocking limits in terms of maximum torque at onset of knocking, and cyclic variability data of 100 engine cycles in terms of maximum pressure and its pressure rise rate average and standard ...

Science.gov (United States)

The analgesic activity of nine substituted N-pyrrolylcarboxylic acids, previously reported as anti-inflammatory agents, has been evaluated. The effects on nociception were examined in male Wistar rats by the Randall-Selitto paw-pressure test. The compounds were administrated in doses 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg both i.p. and p.o. As a whole, the activities of 3-(N-pyrrolyl)propanoic acids 3e-3h and 2-[3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1-pyrrolyl]-3-methylpentanoic acid 3i were comparable with or superior to that of metamizole used as a reference (200 mg/kg, i.p.), whereas only 3a from among the N-pyrrolyl-acetic acids 3a-3d showed analgesic activity on the inflamed paw. The compounds found most promising to increase the pain threshold significantly were the same ones with the higher anti-inflammatory activity registered in our previous study: 3-[3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-5-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-1-pyrrolyl]propanoic acid 3e, together with its ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors present the results of an investigation of the effect of gamma radiation on the properties of low-molecular moulded polymethyl methacrylates (molecular weight distribution, physico-mechanical properties, resistance to the effects of aqueous media and physiological solution) in the form of copolymers of methyl methacrylate with methyl acrylate (MA) or butyl acrylate (BA) with the brand names Dacryl-4B, Dacryl-2M and Dacryl-4M (4% BA; 2 and 4% MA respectively) having a molecular weight of around 10"5. For comparison, block polymethyl methacrylate with a molecular weight of 3 x 10"6 was used. The results of experiments on the ageing of unirradiated and irradiated specimens in a heated store-room (t = 10 - 20"0C) and at high temperatures (90"0C) are also given. It is shown that irradiation with doses of 2.5 - 20 Mrad leads to radiolysis of the above copolymers, accompanied by destructive processes. Evidence of this is an increase in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms are developed for combustion of all nine isomers of heptane (C{sub 7}H{sub 16}), and these mechanisms are tested by simulating autoignition of each isomer under rapid compression machine conditions. The reaction mechanisms focus on the manner in which the molecular structure of each isomer determines the rates and product distributions of possible classes of reactions. The reaction pathways emphasize the importance of alkylperoxy radical isomerizations and addition reactions of molecular oxygen to alkyl and hydroperoxyalkyl radicals. A new reaction group has been added to past models, in which hydroperoxyalkyl radicals that originated with abstraction of an H atom from a tertiary site in the parent heptane molecule are assigned new reaction sequences involving additional internal H atom abstractions not previously allowed. This process accelerates autoignition in fuels with tertiary C-H bonds in the parent fuel. In addition, the rates of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study was conducted to determine the feasibility and the opportunity of photochemical pretreatment on the biodegradation and detoxification of Methyl Tert Butyl Ether (MTBE), Ethyl Tert Butyl Ether (ETBE) and Tert Amyl Methyl Ether (TAME), the most common oxygenates used as octane enhancers in unleaded gasoline. The production, storage, uses and disposal of oxygenates result in an unknown amount of groundwater pollution. Because of their high solubility, MTBE, ETBE and TAME are detected in large portions in saturated zones of aquifers. The biodegradation of these oxygenates is difficult and slow, and information regarding their biodegradability is scarce. Photo-decomposition of oxidants under appropriate UV radiation has been shown to be very effective because the hydroxyl radicals produced possess high oxidation potential. In this study, the H_2O_2/UV process was used to generate hydroxyl radicals. Maximal oxygenates transformation was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study is aimed at exploring the possible mechanism of hypnosis-enhancing effect of HgS or cinnabar (a traditional Chinese medicine containing more than 95% HgS) in mice treated with pentobarbital. We also examined whether the effect of HgS is different from that of the well-known methyl mercury (MeHg). After a short period (7 days) of oral administration to mice, a nontoxic dose (0.1 g/kg) of HgS not only significantly enhanced pentobarbital-induced hypnosis but also attenuated tolerance induction; while a higher dose (1 g/kg) of HgS or cinnabar exerted an almost irreversible enhancing effect on pentobarbital-hypnosis similar to that of MeHg (2 mg/kg) tested, which was still effective even after 10 or 35 days cessation of administration. To study comparatively the effects of different mercury forms from oral administration of MeHg and HgS on membrane ATPase activities of experimental mice, analysis of the Hg content in the cerebral cortex revealed that ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The 1,3-dipolar cyclo addition reactions between benzyl azide and the alpha,beta-unsaturated lactones crotonolactone, alpha-methylenebutyrolactone and Beta-angelica lactone have been performed. The best yields of cycloadducts were obtained by working without solvent, at 60 degree centigree in a sealed tube under nitrogen atmosphere. (3aRS,6aSR)-1-Benzyl-3 a, 4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-d]-1,2,3-triazol-4-one and 3-benzyl-7-oxa-1,2,3-triazaspiro[4.4] non-1-en-6-one have been isolated in 36% and 78% yield from the reactions of the two first lactones respectively. The second product is the first example of this heterocyclic system. The reaction with Beta-angelica lactone yielded the primary cycloadducts (3aR,S,6RS,6aSR)-and (3aRS,6SR,6aSR)-1-benzyl-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-6-methyl-1H-furo[3,4-d]-1,1,3-triazol-4-one and the nitrogen elimination product 4-benzylamino-5-methyl 1-2(5H)-furanone in 44%, 11%, and 7% yield respectively. 26 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The shallow Green River Formation oil shales in the southern part of Utah's Uinta Basin are potentially developable by strip mining or by subsurface techniques which take advantage of limited overburden. The resource of potential shale oil represented by the shallow deposits is evaluated in detail from corehole oil-yield data. Cross-sections are constructed to readily correlatable stratigraphic units selected to represent resources in the shallow shale. To define each unit, the thickness, average oil yield, and oil resource of each unit in each core are calculated. Contour maps constructed from these data define the resource variation across the shallow resource. By measuring areas enclosed in each resource unit within the defined limit of 200 feet (61 meters) of overburden, the resource represented by the shallow oil shale is evaluated. The total resource is measured as 4.9 billion barrels (779.1 billion liters) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Advanced Neutron Source will be a new world-class facility for research using hot, thermal, cold, and ultra-cold neutrons. The heart of the facility will be a 330-MW (fission), heavy-water cooled and heavy-water moderated reactor. The reactor will be housed in a central reactor building, with supporting equipment located in an adjoining reactor support building. An array of cold neutron guides will fan out into a large guide hall, housing about 30 neutron research stations. Appropriate office, laboratory, and shop facilities will be included to provide a complete facility for users. The ANS is scheduled to begin operation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory early in the next decade. This PDR document defines the plant-level requirements for the design, construction, and operation of ANS. It also defines and provides input to the individual System Design Description (SDD) documents. Together, this PDR document and the set of SDD documents ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method is proposed for evaluating reliability of planning and calculation of the reliability factor with current planning of open pit mining operations. For a quantitative evaluation of the reliability of fulfilling the planned assignment, laws were defined for distribution of the quality characteristics of the coal. After establishing that coal ash content follows the normal distribution law, the probability was defined that the actual output of coal is greater or equal to the planned. Calculation of the factor of reliability of the current planning of open mining operations makes it possible to determine the optimum planning for this period and the probability of fulfillment of the planned assignments. The technique of planning with regard for reliability makes it possible to select the most reliable variant of the plan within the planning period.

CERN Document Server

We define {\\em predictive information} $I_{\\rm pred} (T)$ as the mutual information between the past and the future of a time series. Three qualitatively different behaviors are found in the limit of large observation times $T$: $I_{\\rm pred} (T)$ can remain finite, grow logarithmically, or grow as a fractional power law. If the time series allows us to learn a model with a finite number of parameters, then $I_{\\rm pred} (T)$ grows logarithmically with a coefficient that counts the dimensionality of the model space. While logarithmic growth of related information theoretic quantities has been found in previous work on learning, power law growth has not been seen in this context. We find that it is associated, for example, with the learning of infinite parameter (or nonparametric) models such as continuous functions with smoothness constraints. There are connections between the predictive information and measures of complexity that have been ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This invention is an improved solar energy cavity receiver for exposing materials and components to high temperatures. The receiver includes a housing having an internal reflective surface defining a cavity and having an inlet for admitting solar radiation thereto. A photothermal absorber is positioned in the cavity to receive radiation from the inlet. A reflective baffle is positioned between the absorber and the inlet to severely restrict the re-radiation of energy through the inlet. The front surface of the baffle defines a narrow annulus with the internal reflective surface of the housing. The front surface of the baffle is contoured to reflect incoming radiation onto the internal surface of the housing, from which it is reflected through the annulus and onto the front surface of the absorber. The back surface of the baffle intercepts infrared radiation from the front of the absorber. With this arrangement, a high percentage of the solar ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The optimal management of men with very favorable clinicopathological factors who develop biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) has not been previously reported. Both local and systemic recurrences are unlikely in this cohort. This study examines their management and outcomes. Between October 2000 to March 2010, 1627 men underwent open RP by a single surgeon. In all, 448 (27.5%) met the following criteria for extremely low risk disease: preoperative PSA level <10?ng?ml?1, clinical stage T1c/T2a, Gleason score ?6, estimated cancer volume in the surgical specimen ?5% and no evidence for positive surgical margin. Undetectable PSA was defined as ?0.04?ng?ml?1. BCR was defined as PSA ?0.2?ng?ml&#...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The aim of this study is to clarify the relation among developmental outcome, nutritional state during the neonatal period, maturational electroencephalographic changes. Thirteen extremely low birth weight infants who completed 6- or 9-year follow-up were a subject of this study. Undernutrition was defined as enteral feeding below 100mL/kg/day at 3weeks of age. Dysmature patterns were defined as the persistence of EEG patterns 2weeks or more immature for post-conceptional age. IQ was examined at 6 and 9years of age. Body height and weight, and head circumference at 6years of age were stratified by the percentile grades. Full and verbal IQ was significantly lower in infants with undernutrition than those with normal nutrition. Among infants with undernutrition, those with persistent dysmatu...

CERN Document Server

The junction conditions for General Relativity in the presence of domain walls with intrinsic spin are derived in three and higher dimensions. A stress tensor and a spin current can be defined just by requiring the existence of a well defined volume element instead of an induced metric, so as to allow for generic torsion sources. In general, when the torsion is localized on the domain wall, it is necessary to relax the continuity of the tangential components of the vielbein. In fact it is found that the spin current is proportional to the jump in the vielbein and the stress-energy tensor is proportional to the jump in the spin connection. The consistency of the junction conditions implies a constraint between the direction of flow of energy and the orientation of the spin. As an application, we derive the circularly symmetric solutions for both the rotating string with tension and the spinning dust string in three dimensions. The rotating ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Data are presented on the continuous-wave (cw), room-temperature (300 K) operation of stripe-geometry In{sub 0.5}(Al{sub {ital x}}Ga{sub 1{minus}{ital x}}){sub 0.5}P quantum-well heterostructure lasers defined via hydrogenation. Passivation of the Zn acceptors in the cap and upper confining layer provides gain guiding, and elimination of the current-blocking oxide reduces the thermal impedance. The resultant device is capable of better performance than conventional oxide-stripe diodes fabricated on the same material.

CERN Document Server

We present a method for grouping the synonyms of a lemma according to its dictionary senses. The senses are defined by a large machine readable dictionary for French, the TLFi (Tr\\'esor de la langue fran\\c{c}aise informatis\\'e) and the synonyms are given by 5 synonym dictionaries (also for French). To evaluate the proposed method, we manually constructed a gold standard where for each (word, definition) pair and given the set of synonyms defined for that word by the 5 synonym dictionaries, 4 lexicographers specified the set of synonyms they judge adequate. While inter-annotator agreement ranges on that task from 67% to at best 88% depending on the annotator pair and on the synonym dictionary being considered, the automatic procedure we propose scores a precision of 67% and a recall of 71%. The proposed method is compared with related work namely, word sense disambiguation, synonym lexicon acquisition and WordNet construction.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract To be self-sustaining in the longer-term and meet defined completion criteria, it is important that the management of restored bauxite mines can be integrated with the surrounding unmined Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest. A number of research projects relating to fire management have been undertaken in restored areas over the past 15 years. The broad objectives of these studies have been to assess the resilience of different-aged restored sites to fire and define the most suitable fire regime (season, intensity, and frequency) to utilize in the management of these areas. Restored areas were found to be a low fire risk up to five years of age because litter fuel was discontinuous and could not normally carry the fire. Between the ages of five and 12-15 years, restored areas wer...

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The Effective Dose Equivalent Concept defined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection in 1977 considers the risk from irradiation including both hereditary and somatic effects. This paper will deal with the definition of a concept for somatic effects only, the somatically significant dose equivalent. This is defined as the dose equivalent which if received by every member of the population, would be expected to produce the same total somatic injury to the population as does the actual dose equivalent received by various individuals. The somatically effective dose equivalent for a particular radiopharmaceutical is the weighted sum of the average dose equivalent to various organs. The dose equivalent to various organs can be derived from an extended MIRD formalism also considering the rest of body excluding the source volumes and the re iden e times in total body and the target organs. Examples are given for the calculation of ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Human pluripotent stem cells hold promising potential in many therapeutics applications including regenerative medicine and drug discovery. Over the past three decades, embryonic stem cell research has illustrated that embryonic stem cells possess two important and distinct properties: the ability to continuously self-renew and the ability to differentiate into all specialized cell types. In this article, we will discuss the continuing evolution of human pluripotent stem cell culture by examining requirements needed for the maintenance of self-renewal in vitro. We will also elaborate on the future direction of the field toward generating a robust and completely defined culture system, which has brought forth collaborations amongst biologists and engineers. As human pluripotent stem cell re...

Science.gov (United States)

The report gives background design data for a specific copper smelter. The data is sufficiently detailed to allow air pollution control system engineering studies to be conducted. These studies will be concerned primarily with lean SO/sub 2/ streams that currently are not being captured. Physical layout of the smelter and the surrounding area is presented, along with existing control equipment. Ductwork that would be considered for future system tie-in is defined. Emissions from operating equipment, gas flow rates, temperatures, sulfur balance, and a process flow sheet are included. Utilities, stack dimensions, footing requirements, and solid waste handling are defined. Available area for new control equipment, gas characteristic variation, and potential new control equipment installation problems are discussed. (GRA)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The overall objective of the study in this report was to gather data on waste management technologies to allow comparison of various alternatives for managing municipal solid waste (MSW). The specific objectives of the study were to: 1. Compile detailed data for existing waste management technologies on costs, environmental releases, energy requirements and production, and coproducts such as recycled materials and compost. Identify missing information necessary to make energy, economic, and environmental comparisons of various MSW management technologies, and define needed research that could enhance the usefulness of the technology. 3. Develop a data base that can be used to identify the technology that best meets specific criteria defined by a user of the data base. Volume I contains the report text. Volume II contains supporting exhibits. Volumes III through X are appendices, each addressing a specific MSW management technology. Volumes XI ...

Science.gov (United States)

Explicitly defining virtual collections in a digital library can benefit both users and contributors. This paper outlines the costs and benefits for defining virtual collections and describes an implementation of collection-level metadata in two digital libraries. Our work suggests that component repositories of NSDL would profit by describing their collection, and sub-collections, using a schema such as the one we implemented. This would enable NSDL to provide a rich, cross-linked hierarchy of virtual collections. By sharing collection-level, rather than item-level, metadata, collections would provide detailed resource information, presumably keeping most of their viewership, while NSDL would provide a broad description of resources.

CERN Document Server

We study the behavior of the Chern classes of graph hypersurfaces under the operation of deletion-contraction of an edge of the corresponding graph. We obtain an explicit formula when the edge satisfies two technical conditions, and prove that both these conditions hold when the edge is multiple in the graph. This leads to recursions for the Chern classes of graph hypersurfaces for graphs obtained by adding parallel edges to a given (regular) edge. Analogous results for the case of Grothendieck classes of graph hypersurfaces were obtained in previous work. Both Grothendieck classes and Chern classes were used to define `algebro-geometric' Feynman rules. The results in this paper provide further evidence that the polynomial Feynman rule defined in terms of the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson class of a graph hypersurface reflects closely the combinatorics of the corresponding graph. The key to the proof of the main result is a more general formula for ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Three field experiments were conducted at the research fields of Plant Protection Research Institute, Iran, at different locations in 2004-2005 to study the efficacy of different broadleaved herbicides to control weeds in wheat. Treatments were the full-season hand weeded and weed-infested controls, and post-emergence applications of florasulam plus flumetsulam at 8.75, 10.50, and 12.25ga.i./ha, 2,4-D plus carfentrazone-ethyl at 210, 245, 280, and 490ga.i./ha, bromoxynil plus MCPA at 75, 100, and 150ga.i./ha, 2,4-D at 560, 720, and 1120ga.i./ha, tribenuron methyl, and 2,4-D plus MCPA. Herbicides were applied at wheat tillering stage. Naturally occurring broadleaved weed populations were used in experiments. Results indicated that bromoxynil plus MCPA at 150ga.i./ha, 2,4-D plus MCPA, and 2,...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report covers the progress made on the title project for the project period. Four major areas of inquiry are being pursued. Advanced solid state NMR methods are being developed to assay the distribution of the various important functional groups that determine the reactivity of coals. Special attention is being paid to methods that are compatible with the very high magic angle sample spinning rates needed for operation at the high magnetic field strengths available today. Polarization inversion methods utilizing the difference in heat capacities of small groups of spins are particularly promising. Methods combining proton-proton spin diffusion with {sup 13}C CPMAS readout are being developed to determine the connectivity of functional groups in coals in a high sensitivity relay type of experiment. Additional work is aimed at delineating the role of methyl group rotation in the proton NMR relaxation behavior of coals.

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The synthesis of (1',3'-{sup 3}H)4-(4'-azido-5',6',7',8'-tetrahydro-5'5'8',8'-tetramethyl-2'-anthracenyl)benzoic acid is described. This retinoid was designed as a photoaffinity probe of the receptor sites of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein and the nuclear retinoic acid receptor protein. The ({sup 3}H)azidoretinoid was prepared from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,4,4-tetra-methyl-7-(4-methylphenyl)-5-nitroanthracene in five steps in 15% yield (89% radiochemical purity by HPLC). {sup 1}H and {sup 3}H NMR was used to confirm the sites of {sup 3}H substitution on the ring. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

New five complexes of the type of [RuL sub(3-x)(dmby) sub(x)]X sub(2)(x = 1,2,3, L = 2,2'-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline, dmby = 3,3'-dimethy1-2,2'-bipyridyl, X = halide ion) have been synthesized in order to investigate the effects of two methyl groups of dmby on the absorption and emission spectra, luminescence quantum yields, and lifetimes. Values of the radiative and nonradiative rate constants have been calculated from these data at 77K. Although the absorption and emission maxima and the lifetimes are not much affected by the dmby ligand substitution, the molar extinction coefficients and emission quantum yields are decreased compared with trischelated complexes of the parent bipyridyl or phenanthroline ligands. At 25"0C the emission yields of the complexes containing dmby decrease by 3 - 4 orders of magnitude than at 77K. Possible causes of the decrease in the quantum yields are discussed. (author).

Science.gov (United States)

Elevated fatty acid levels have been thought to contribute to insulin resistance. Repression of the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) gene as well as impaired GLUT4 translocation may be a mediator for fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. This study was initiated to determine whether palmitate treatment repressed GLUT4 expression, whether glucose/fatty acid metabolism influenced palmitate-induced GLUT4 gene repression (PIGR), and whether attempts to prevent PIGR restored palmitate-induced impairment of glucose uptake (PIIGU) in C2 myotubes. Not only stimulators of fatty acid oxidation, such as bezafibrate, AICAR, and TOFA, but also TCA cycle substrates, such as pyruvate, leucine/glutamine, and ?-ketoisocaproate/monomethyl succinate, significantly prevented PIGR. In particular, supplementing with pyruvate through methyl pyruvate resulted in nearly complete prevention of PIIGU, whereas palmitate treatment reduced the intracellular pyruvate level. These results suggest ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The surface coverage of amorphous silica gels used in the synthesis of silica polyamine composites has been investigated by 29Si NMR. By diluting the polyamine anchor silane, chloropropyl trichlorosilane, with methyl trichlorosilane it was found that surface coverage could be markedly improved for a range of amine polymers after grafting to the silica surface. The commensurate decrease in the number of anchor points and increase in the number of free amines results in an increase in metal capacity and/or an improvement in capture kinetics. Solid state CPMAS-13C NMR has been employed to investigate the structure and metal ion binding of a series of these composite materials. It is reported that the highly branched polymer, poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) exhibits much broader 13C NMR resonances than the linear polymers poly(allylamine) (PAA) and poly(vinylamine) (PVA). These results are understood in terms of the low energy conformations calculated from molecular modeling ...

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Room-temperature cw operation for InGaP/InGaAlP double heterostructure (DH) laser diodes on GaAs substrates was achieved for the first time. The DH wafers were grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using methyl metalorganics. A lasing wavelength of 679 nm and a threshold current of 109 mA at 24C were obtained for an inner stripe structure laser diode with a 250- m-long and 7- m stripe geometry. The laser operated at up to 51C. The characteristic temperature T0 was 87 K at around room temperature. The lowest threshold current density, 5.0 kA/cmS, was obtained with a 20- m stripe width laser diode under room-temperature pulsed operation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allyl alcohol (AA), acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylate (MMA), monomers and monomer mixtures AA+AN, AA+MMA were used to conserve and consolidate Beech and Spruce. After impregnation, copolymerisation and polymerisation were accomplished by gamma irradiation. The fine structure of wood+polymer(copolymer) composites was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was observed that copolymer obtained from AA+MMA monomer mixture showed the optimum compatibility. The compressional strength and Brinell Hardness Numbers determined for untreated and treated wood samples indicated that the mechanical strength of wood+copolymer composites was increased. It was found that the mechanical strength of the wood samples containing the AA+MMA copolymer was higher than the others. In the presence of P(AA/MMA), at highest conversion, the compressive strength perpendicular to the fibres in Beech and Spruce increased approximately 100 times. The water uptake capacity of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this work is the evaluation of biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of a cocaine analog, the N-(3-iodo-prop-2E-enyl)-2beta-carbo-methoxy-3beta-(4-methyl-phenyl) nor-tropane (PE2I), labeled with carbon 11 ([{sup 11}C]PE2I). The [{sup 11}C]PE2I is a selective radioligand for imaging neuronal dopamine transporter (DAT) with positron emission tomography (PET). The DAT is a membrane-bound pre synaptically located protein that regulates the concentration of dopamine at nerve terminals. DAT radioligands are often used to evaluate the progression of Parkinson's disease or the efficiency of neuro-protective therapeutics and, typically, these studies required several successive PET scans. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

Numerous transmethylation reactions are required for normal plant growth and development. S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) and adenosine kinase (ADK) act coordinately to recycle the by-product of these reactions, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) that would otherwise competitively inhibit methyltransferase (MT) activities. Here, we report on investigations to understand how the SAH produced in the nucleus is metabolized by SAHH and ADK. Localization analyses using green fluorescent fusion proteins demonstrated that both enzymes are capable of localizing to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, although no obvious nuclear localization signal was found in their sequences. Deletion analysis revealed that a 41-amino-acid segment of SAHH (Gly(150)-Lys(190)) is required for nuclear targeting of this enzyme. This segment is surface exposed, shows unique sequence conservation patterns in plant SAHHs, and possesses additional features of protein-protein interaction motifs. ADK and SAHH interact in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is a critical enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway and depends on a pyruvoyl group for the decarboxylation process. The crystal structures of the enzyme with various inhibitors at the active site have shown that the adenine base of the ligands adopts an unusual syn conformation when bound to the enzyme. To determine whether compounds that favor the syn conformation in solution would be more potent AdoMetDC inhibitors, several series of AdoMet substrate analogues with a variety of substituents at the 8-position of adenine were synthesized and analyzed for their ability to inhibit hAdoMetDC. The biochemical analysis indicated that an 8-methyl substituent resulted in more potent inhibitors, yet most other 8-substitutions provided no benefit over the parent compound. To understand these results, we used computational modeling and X-ray crystallography to study C{sup 8}-substituted adenine analogues bound in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rhodopseudomonas viridis was grown in liquid culture at 30 degrees C anaerobically in light (generation time, 13 h) and under microaerophilic growth conditions in the dark (generation time, 24 h). The bacterium could be cloned at the same temperature anaerobically in light (1 week) and aerobically in the dark (3 to 4 weeks) if oxygen was limited to 0.1%. Oxygen could not be replaced by dimethyl sulfoxide, potassium nitrate, or sodium nitrite as a terminal electron acceptor. No growth was observed anaerobically in darkness or in the light when air was present. A variety of additional carbon sources were used to supplement the standard succinate medium, but enhanced stationary-phase cell density was observed only with glucose. Conditions for induction of the photosynthetic reaction center upon the change from microaerophilic to phototrophic growth conditions were investigated and optimized for a mutant functionally defective in phototrophic growth. R. viridis consumed about 20-fold its ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Mucor rouxii are capable of removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The role various functional groups play in the cell wall of M. rouxii in metal biosorption of lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc was investigated in this paper. The biomass was chemically treated to modify the functional carboxyl, amino and phosphate groups. These modifications were examined by means of infrared spectroscopy. It was found that an esterification of the carboxyl groups and phosphate and a methylation of the amine groups significantly decreased the biosorption of the heavy metals studied. Thus, the carboxylate, amine and phosphate groups were recognized as important in the biosorption of metal ions by M. rouxii biomass. The role the lipids fraction play was not significant. The study showed that Na, K, Ca and Mg ions were released from the biomass after biosorption of Pb,Cd,Ni and Zn, indicating that ion exchange was a key mechanism in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two novel organic n-type semiconductors are investigated due to their function as electron acceptor for applications in organic electronic devices to widen the knowledge of how molecule structure influences the excitation processes in organic electronics. Bispyrenylfullerene and Octadecyl-Capronacidesterfullerene are C{sub 60} derivates with sidechains more featured compared to the commonly used[6,6] phenyl-C{sub 61}-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). In bulk heterojunction devices regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was used as donor. The materials, pristine and in blend, were studied in view of light absorption, their quenching abilities of the P3HT photoluminescence as well as excited states. Furthermore, the spin state of the excited states was determined by light-induced electron spin resonance. Combining these complimentary experimental techniques, we obtained information on the generation of excited states, their nature, and the efficiency of the ...