gamma-thionin-like soybean se60: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

The Antioxidative Activities of Spices Extracts on Edible Soybean Oil

Hypercholesterolemia

2005-09-15

Soybean Rust Economic Assessment

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1992-10-01

Quality and Sensory Score of Ground Pork Meats on the Addition of Pork Fat, Olive Oil and Soybean Oil

& International Markets Bottom of Browse By Subject You are here: Home / Featuring / Soybean Rust Featuring Print this page Print | E-mail this link E-mail | Bookmark & Share...

2011-10-01

Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/Microchip Electrophoresis for the Rapid Detection of GMO in Soybean

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2007-07-01

Improvement on Fish Odor of Extracts from Salmon Frame Soaked in Soybean Milk

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2005-06-01

Effect of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory from Hydrolysate of Soybean Protein Isolate

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2008-02-01

Changes in the Quality of Ground Pork Loin Adding Olive and Soybean Oil During Cold Storage

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2010-01-01

Improving protein quality of soybean through induced mutations

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2007-07-01

Soybean Mutants Lacking Constitutive Nitrate Reductase Activity 1

Soybean is one of the most economical and nutritious food packed with basic nutrients that combat diseases stemming from mal- and under-nutrition. Despite its rich nutritional profile, use of soybean in food has been limited because soybean proteins are often associated with compounds, which could exert a negative impact on the nutritional quality of the protein. Trypsin inhibitor (TI) is one of the important anti-nutritional factors that exert negative effect by causing growth inhibition. Soybean cultivar VLS-2 was irradiated with 250 Gy gamma rays in a gamma cell (200) with 60Co source installed at BARC to induce mutations for low trypsin inhibitor content. Three mutants with lower levels of TI content were identified and can be utilized for developing elite varieties of soybean. (author)

2011-02-22

Reduction in the level of intracellular myo-inositol in cultured soybean (Glycine max) cells inhibits cell division.

The objectives of this study were to select and initially characterize mutants of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Williams) with decreased ability to reduce nitrate. Selection involved...Full Text Available

1983-06-01

RIN4-like proteins mediate resistance protein-derived soybean defense against Pseudomonas syringae

Although myo-inositol is included in media for the successful growth of plant tissues, the actual requirement of most tissues, including soybean (Glycine max) callus in suspension culture, for myo-inositol...Full Text Available

1990-02-01

Nitric Oxide Emissions from Soybean Leaves during in Vivo Nitrate Reductase Assays ¹

Resistance (R) protein mediated recognition of pathogen avirulence effectors triggers signaling that induces a very robust form of species-specific immunity in plants. The soybean Rpg1-b protein mediates...Full Text Available

2010-11-01

Nitrate Reduction by Roots of Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Seedlings

Recent work identified acetaldehyde oxime as the predominant product purged by inert gases from anaerobic in vivo nitrate reductase (NR) assays of soybean (Glycine max...Full Text Available

1987-09-01

Nitrate Reductase Activity in Soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

Studies were conducted with 9 to 12 day-old soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv. Williams) seedlings to determine the contribution of roots to whole plant NO₃⁻...Full Text Available

1982-06-01

Morphology and Ultrastructure of Maternal Seed Tissues of Soybean in Relation to the Import of Photosynthate

The optimum in vivo nitrate reductase (NR) assay medium for soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) leaves was 50 mm KNO₃, 1% (v/v) 1- propanol, and 100...Full Text Available

1976-12-01

Evolution of Nitrogen Oxide(s) during In Vivo Nitrate Reductase Assay of Soybean Leaves

Cytological observations were made on developing seeds of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. “Amsoy 71”) using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy....Full Text Available

1981-05-01

Dynamic Rearrangements Determine Genome Organization and Useful Traits in Soybean1[C][W

Studies were conducted to quantitate the evolution of nitrogen oxides (NO_(x)) from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaves during in vivo nitrate reductase...Full Text Available

1981-12-01

Carbon Dioxide Fixation in Soybean Roots and Nodules

Soybean (Glycine max) is a paleopolyploid whose genome has gone through at least two rounds of polyploidy and subsequent diploidization events. Several studies have investigated the...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

Acetaldehyde Oxime, A Product Formed during the In Vivo Nitrate Reductase Assay of Soybean Leaves 1

These studies demonstrate that soybean (Merr) roots and nodules possess an active system for fixing CO₂. The maximum rates of CO₂ fixation observed for roots and nodules of intact...Full Text Available

1981-04-01

A Hemorrhagic Factor (Apicidin) Produced by Toxic Fusarium Isolates from Soybean Seeds

Evolution of nitrogen oxides (NO_(x), primarily as nitric oxide) from soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) leaves during purged in vivo nitrate reductase assays...Full Text Available

1984-09-01

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Efficacy Study of Stearidonic Acid (SDA) Soybean Oil-containing Foods on Red Blood Cell Fatty Acid Content

Fifty-two isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from soybean seeds from various parts of Korea and identified as Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme,...Full Text Available

1999-01-01

Removal of aqueous phenol and 2-chlorophenol with purified soybean peroxidase and raw soybean hulls

Healthy Volunteers; Markers of Cardiovascular Risk

2011-06-08

Chemical modification of soybean oil for lubricant

The removal phenol and 2-chlorophenol using soybean seed-hulls in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was demonstrated. The performance of a stirred membrane reactor containing soluble purified SEP was compared with a batch stirred reactor containing raw soybean seed-hulls. The purified enzyme reactor proved to be ineffective while good results were obtained with the crude seed-hulls for the removal of phenol and 2-chlorophenol. A single batch reactor containing raw seed-hulls was effective in removing more than 98.5% of 2-chlorophenol (initially at 10000 ppm) in less than 15 min. The performance of these rectors is comparable to existing HRP-based technology. The stability of the soybean peroxidase (SBP) enzyme was also examined in the presence of detergents (SDS, Tween 20 and Triton X-100).

1999-08-01

Stem growth habit affects leaf morphology and gas exchange traits in soybean

This paper presents a series of structural modifications of soybean oils for lubricant. The reaction was monitored and products were confirmed by NMR and FTIR. The structural modification is carried out in four stages, (1) synthesis of soybean oil isooctyl ester from soybean oil; (2) synthesis of epoxy-soybean oil isooctyl ester from soybean oil isooctyl ester; (3) synthesis of hydroxylated products from epoxy soybean oil isooctyl ester with fatty acid; (4) esterification of the hydroxylated product with anhydride. Rheological behaviour of the products was measured. Pour points of the products (3) were observed as low as -24 C (lauric acid) and -15 C (isooctanoic acid) respectively. When the hydroxyl groups in the products were esterified with and acid anhydride, the pour points were became higher, which were -21 C (lauric acid) and -6 C (isooctanoic acid) ...

2008-07-01

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Backgrounds and Aims The stem growth habit, determinate or indeterminate, of soybean, Glycine max, varieties affects various plant morphological and developmental traits. The objective of this study is to identify the effect of stem growth habit in soybean on the stomatal conductance of single leaves in relation to their leaf morphology in order to better understand the ecological and agronomic significance of this plant trait. Methods The stomatal conductance of leaves on the main stem was measured periodically under favourable field conditions to evaluate gmax, defined as the maximum stomatal conductance at full leaf expansion, for four varieties of soybean and their respective determinate or indeterminate near isogenic lines (NILs). Leaf morphological traits including stomatal density, ...

2009-01-01

Stability studies on refined soybean oil stored in various conditions

Labelling of "1"4C-M-ISP and its absorption, translocation and distribution in peanut and soybean seedling

The 12 months stability study of freshly produced refined soybean oil revealed that refined soybean oil stored in plastic containers in dark was more hydrolytically and oxidatively stable than that stored in other containers in light condition. There was no significant difference at P < 0.05 in free fatty acids and acid value of oil stored under light and dark conditions in tin and glass containers but there was significant difference at P < 0.05 in peroxide value of oil stored in light and dark conditions in all the storage containers. Light increased the degree of oxidative rancidity of refined soybean oil, the most in tin containers, followed by glass containers and the least in plastic containers. (author)

2008-01-01

Competitive and allelopathic interference between soybean crop and annual wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) under field conditions

Labelling of "1"4C-M-ISP and its absorption, translocation and distribution in peanut and soybean seedling were studied. The results of experiments showed that the radioactive substance could be translocated in xylem and phloem of two kinds of plants. The root of peanut seedling absorbed "1"4C-M-ISP from the nutrient solution more strong than the root of soybean seedling did. After leaf treatment with "1"4C-M-ISP, the soybean seedling absorbed more radioactive substance than peanut seedling did. But the translocation's speed of radioactive substance in pnloem of two kinds of plants were similar.

1990-01-01

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Annual wormwood interference on soybean crop growth and yield may result from competition and allelopathy, which are modulated by crop management. Allelochemicals released by annual wormwood (e.g. artemisinin) may affect the crop directly or indirectly through the effect on the nitrogen fixing symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The objectives were (i) to quantify the crop response (i.e. biomass production, nodulation and yield) to weed interference and (ii) to determinate the relative change of competition and allelopathy interferences, when a sublethal dose of herbicide is applied. Two split plot field experiments with three replications were used. The experiment involved a factorial combination of five weed-crop density (soybean/annual wormwood, plantsm^-^2) levels: D1, pure soybean, 40...

2011-01-01

Comparative profiling of the transcriptional response to soybean cyst nematode infection of soybean roots by deep sequencing

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

To gain insight into the changes in the transcriptome of soybean roots during soybean cyst nematode (SCN) infection, we conducted genome-wide gene expression profiling using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) combined with Solexa sequencing. More than 3 million tags were generated from the SCN-infected and uninfected roots, and 366941 and 314591 clean UniTags were obtained from SCN-infected and uninfected samples, respectively. In the SCN-infected sample, 48249 UniTags represented 18114 reference genes. In the uninfected control, 46290 UniTags represented 19323 reference genes. Comparison of tag frequencies identified 1405 genes that were expressed at greater levels in SCN-infected roots than in uninfected roots, and 1191 genes that were expressed at lower levels. Quantitative real-...

2011-01-01

Regulation of NO₃^? Assimilation by Anion Availability in Excised Soybean Leaves

Isolation and Initial Characterization of Constitutive Nitrate Reductase-Deficient Mutants NR328 and NR345 of Soybean (Glycine max) ¹

The regulation of NO₃⁻ assimilation by xylem flux of NO₃⁻ was studied in illuminated excised leaves of soybean (Glycine max...Full Text Available

1991-06-01

Determination of Carbaryl residues in soybean and peanut plants

Two nitrate reductase deficient mutants of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Bragg) were isolated from approximately 10,000 M₂ seedlings, using a direct enzymic assay in...Full Text Available

1986-06-01

Comparison between NO_x Evolution Mechanisms of Wild-Type and nr₁ Mutant Soybean Leaves ¹

Carbaryl is one of the insecticides used in large quantities in Indonesia. It is effective against soybean and peanut plant insects. The residues in the plants are determined by Colorimetry at the residues level up to 5 ppm and by thin layer chromatography at level up to 0,1 ppm. Both methods use coupling reaction between hydrolysis product of Carbaryl and diazo reagent to produce colour. (author).

1976-01-01

Oxidative stability of biodiesel from soybean oil fatty acid ethyl esters; Estabilidade oxidativa de biodiesel de esteres etilicos de acidos graxos de soja

The nr₁ soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) mutant does not contain the two constitutive nitrate reductases, one of which is responsible for enzymic conversion of nitrite to...Full Text Available

1990-05-01

Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the switch to genetically modified crops: trends with important implications to wildlife management

Biodiesel consists of long-chain fatty acid esters, derived from renewable sources such as vegetable oils, and its utilization is associated to the substitution of the diesel oil in engines. Depending on the raw material, bio diesel can contain more or less unsaturated fatty acids in its composition, which are susceptible to oxidation reactions accelerated by exposition to oxygen and high temperatures, being able to change into polymerized compounds. The objective of this work was to determine the oxidative stability of bio diesel produced by ethanolysis of neutralized, refined, soybean frying oil waste, and partially hydrogenated soybean frying oil waste. The evaluation was conducted by means of the Rancimat equipment, at temperatures of 100 and 105 deg C, with an air flow of 20 L h{sup -1}. The fatty acid composition was determined by GC and the iodine value was calculated. It was observed that even though the neutralized, refined and waste ...

2005-06-01

Absence of the A4 peptide in the G4 glycinin subunit of soybean cultivar Enrei is caused by a point mutation in the Gy4 gene

An abundance of waste corn, a key food of many wildlife species, has helped make possible the widespread success of wildlife management in the United States over the past half century. We found waste corn post harvest in Nebraska declined by 47% from 1978 to 1998 due primarily to improvements in combine headers resulting in a marked decline in ear loss. The reduction in waste coincided with major declines in fat storage by sandhill cranes and white-fronted geese during spring migration. Sandhill cranes, northern pintails, white-fronted geese, and lesser snow geese avoided soybeans while staging in spring in the Rainwater Basin Area and Central Platte River Valley. These findings and other literature suggest soybeans are a marginal food for wildlife particularly during periods of high energy requirements. Soybean acreage has increased by 600% in the United States since 1950 and now comprises nearly one-quarter of the ...

2004-01-01

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english Functional properties of soy proteins for food are closely related to the composition of their storage protein subunits. Using base excision sequence scanning (BESS), we show that the absence of the A4 peptide in the G4 glycinin subunit of the soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar Enrei was caused by the same point mutation in the Gy4 gene as previously reported in the soybean cultivar Raiden. Although the genetic relationship between Raiden and Enrei is not known, the same p (more) oint mutation in their Gy4 genes may indicate that they probably share a related origin. The application of BESS to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as co-dominant markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of a recessive null allele is also discussed.

2005-09-01

Process analysis and optimization of biodiesel production from soybean oil

Nitric Oxide and Nitrous Oxide Production by Soybean and Winged Bean during the in Vivo Nitrate Reductase Assay ¹

The overall goal of this work is to design and optimize a biodiesel production process from soybean oil. To achieve this goal, several inter-connected activities were undertaken. First, an initial flowsheet for the process was synthesized. The performance of this flowsheet along with the key design and operating criteria were identified by conducting computer-aided simulation using ASPEN Plus. Various scenarios were simulated to provide sufficient understanding and insights and to select a base-case flowsheet. Next, mass and energy integration studies were performed to reduce the consumption of material and energy utilities, improve environmental impact, and enhance profitability. Capital cost estimation was carried out using the ICARUS Process Evaluator computer-aided tool linked to the results of the ASPEN Plus simulation. The operating cost of the process was estimated using the key information on process operation such as raw materials, utilities, and labor. A ...

2009-09-15

Functionalized Vegetable Oils for Utilization as Polymer Building Blocks: Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Agriculture Project Fact Sheet

This study was conducted to determine by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) the identity and the quantity of volatile N products produced during the helium-purged in vivo...Full Text Available

1986-11-01

Cellulolytic Enzymes Production via Solid-State Fermentation: Effect of Pretreatment Methods on Physicochemical Characteristics of Substrate.

Vegetable oils such as soybean oil will be converted to novel polymers using hydroformylation and other catalytic processes. These polymers can be used in the construction, automotive, packaging, and electronic sectors.

2001-09-12

Biochemical Characterization of Soybean Mutants Lacking Constitutive NADH:Nitrate Reductase ¹

We investigated the effect of pretreatment on the physicochemical characteristics-crystallinity, bed porosity, and volumetric specific surface of soybean hulls and production of cellulolytic enzymes in solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus oryzae cultures. Mild acid and alkali and steam pretreatments significantly increased crystallinity and bed porosity without significant change inholocellulosic composition of substrate. Crystalline and porous steam-pretreated soybean hulls inoculated with T. reesei culture had 4 filter paper units (FPU)/g-ds, 0.6?IU/g-ds ?-glucosidase, and 45?IU/g-ds endocellulase, whereas untreated hulls had 0.75?FPU/g-ds, 0.06?IU/g-ds ?-glucosidase, and 7.29?IU/g-ds endocellulase enzyme activities. In A. oryzae steam-pretreated soybean hulls had 47.10?IU/g-ds endocellulase compared to 30.82?IU/g-ds in untreated soybean hulls. Generalized linear statistical ...

2011-06-15

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Appendix E - Summary of Ecotoxicity Data for Diquat ...

Two nitrate reductase (NR) mutants were selected for low nitrate reductase (LNR) activity by in vivo NR microassays of M₂ seedlings derived from nitrosomethylurea-mutagenized...Full Text Available

1986-06-01

Enrichment of trace cadmium by soybean protein for the analysis by atomic absorption method

... 4.65 >4.65 Jimson weed (Datura stramonium) 4.65 >4.65 Morning glory (Ipomea sp) 4.65 >4.65 Soybean (Glycine max) 4.65 >4.65 ...

2010-12-29

Fate of gypsum-sulphur applied to soybean on Typic haplustepts

A method for enrichment of the ppb level of cadmium in water by using the coagulation of soybean protein by adding acids or its complex-forming character with heavy metal ions was investigated. After adding fixed amounts of soybean milk and 2% sodium diethyldithiocarbamate(DDTC) aqueous solution and a suitable amount of delta-gluconic lactone (delta-GL) to a sample solution, the mixture was heated to boiling in order to coagulate the protein. The coagulum(soybean curd) was separated from the suspension by centrifugation and burned to ashes with a low temperature plasma asher. Then the cadmium enriched in it was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Various factors such as the pH of the sample solution, the amounts of soybean milk and the collection additives, and the concentration of NaCl in the sample solution on the recovery of cadmium were examined systematically. The best recovery was ...

1975-01-01

Phosphorus Immobilization and Soil Aggregation in Chemically Amended Poultry Litter Used in Corn/Soybean Rotation

Field experiments were conducted on the sulphur-deficient Typic Haplustepts of the IARI farm for two consecutive, kharif seasons viz. 1996 and 1997 with soybean cultivar Pusa 22 as the crop. Varying rates of S as gypsum were basally applied in the main plots adjacent to the micro plots (1 m x 1 m) to quantify the partitioning of the fertilizer-sulphur taken up by soybean and its distribution in the soil profile. Soybean responded to the application of sulphur, with increase in yield being obtained up to rate of 40 kg S ha"-"1. Data computed on distribution of the S derived from labelled gypsum and percent S utilization by the soybean crop increased from 13.23 and 4.15 to 23.41 and 6.39, respectively. During 1996, the per cent utilization of labelled S ranged from 5.6 to 8.8. Monitoring of added sulphur in the soil profile up to a depth of 1 m revealed maximum accumulation of the added S in 30-60 cm soil ...

2004-06-01

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Excessive use of poultry litter (PL) on agricultural land is known to cause eutrophication of surface waters. Consequently, both poultry producers and PL users have to meet strict state and federal guidelines on litter storage and land application. This study examined the environmental benefits of adding lime, alum, ferrous sulfate, fly ash (FA), fluidized bed ash (FBA) and soil fix (SF) to PL for immobilizing excess phosphorus (P) while providing sufficient nutrients for proper growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.)] and corn [Zea mays (L.)] on a rotation. Amending PL with lime, alum, SF, FA and FBA significantly (p>0.05) increased corn and soybean yield. In contrast control plots that received a 10-10-10 (N-P2O5-K2) fertilizer showed lower yield and corn quality. Increased yield was ob...

2011-01-01

Identification of sucrose binding, membrane proteins using a photolyzable sucrose analog. [P. saccharophila

Extrusion as a thermo-mechanical pre-treatment for lignocellulosic ethanol

The sucrose derivative 6'-deoxy-6'-(2-hydroxy-4-azido)benzamidosucrose (6'-HABS) was prepared from sucrose (via 6'-deoxy-6'-aminosucrose) and 4-amino-salicylic acid. 6'-HABS is a competitive inhibitor of sucrose influx into protoplasts from developing soybean cotyledons and of sucrose binding to membranes from the bacteria P. saccharophila. The Ki for inhibition in the soybean protoplasts was 75..mu..M. 6'-Deoxy-6'-(2-hydroxy-3-/sup 125/Iodo-4-azido)benzamidosucrose was prepared by lactoperoxidase iodination of 6'-HABS. Upon photolysis in the presence of membranes from P saccharophila, label from the photoprobe is incorporated into a sucrose inducible polypeptide of mass 84 KD in SDS-PAGE. The polypeptide is protected from labeling by the inclusion of sucrose in the photolysis mixture. Photolysis conditions which lead to specific labeling of the sucrose protectable ...

1986-04-01

Process analysis and optimization of biodiesel production from soybean oil

Two physical pre-treatment methods, particle size reduction by grinding and thermo-mechanical extrusion, were evaluated as alternatives to traditional biomass pretreatments for lignocellulosic ethanol. Commonly available agricultural co-products wheat bran and soybean hull were the model substrates. Extrusion led to higher reducing sugar yields as compared to grinding for wheat bran, but not in the case of soybean hulls. The best combination of extrusion screw speed and maximum barrel temperature were 7 Hz/150 C and 3.7 Hz/110 C. The use of a solvent mixture (sodium hydroxide, urea, and thiourea) and calcium chloride solution in combination with extrusion treatment did not lead to improvement in reducing sugar yield. However, extensive washing to get rid of solvents and enzymatic inhibitors improved the conversion efficiency substantially, resulting in total reducing sugar yields of 60-73% and 25-36%, respectively, for wheat bran and ...

2010-12-15

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

2009-01-01

Extrusion as a thermo-mechanical pre-treatment for lignocellulosic ethanol

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Two physical pre-treatment methods, particle size reduction by grinding and thermo-mechanical extrusion, were evaluated as alternatives to traditional biomass pretreatments for lignocellulosic ethanol. Commonly available agricultural co-products wheat bran and soybean hull were the model substrates. Extrusion led to higher reducing sugar yields as compared to grinding for wheat bran, but not in the case of soybean hulls. The best combination of extrusion screw speed and maximum barrel temperature were 7 Hz/150 ?C and 3.7 Hz/110 ?C. The use of a solvent mixture (sodium hydroxide, urea, and thiourea) and calcium chloride solution in combination with extrusion treatment did not lead to improvement in reducing sugar yield. However, extensive washing to get rid of solvents and enzymatic inhibit...

2010-01-01

The Conversion of Nitrite to Nitrogen Oxide(s) by the Constitutive NAD(P)H-Nitrate Reductase Enzyme from Soybean ¹

Regulation of expression of a soybean storage protein subunit gene. Progress report

A two-step purification protocol was used in an attempt to separate the constitutive NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H-NR, pH 6.5; EC 1.6.6.2] activity from the nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide (NO_(x))...Full Text Available

1988-10-01

Evolution of nitrogen oxide(s) during in vivo nitrate reductase assay of soybean leaves

We have found that the methionine repression of the ..beta..-subunit gene expression is not due to degradation of the ..beta..-subunit but is due to an effect on synthesis of the ..beta..-subunit. The effect of methionine on the synthesis of the ..beta..-is due to an inhibition of ..beta..-subunit mRNA synthesis. 3 references, 1 figure.

1984-04-23

Effect of Elicitation and Changes in Extracellular pH on the Cytoplasmic and Vacuolar pH of Suspension-Cultured Soybean Cells 1

Studies were conducted to quantitate the evolution of nitrogen oxides (NO/sub (x)/) from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) leaves during in vivo nitrate reductase (NR) assays with aerobic and anaerobic gas purging. Anaerobic gas purging (N/sub 2/ and argon) consistently resulted in greater NO/sub (x)/ evolution than did aerobic gas purging (air and O/sub 2/). The evolution of NO/sub (x)/ was dependent on gas flow rate and on NO/sub 2//sup -/ formation in the assay medium; although a threshold level of NO/sub 2//sup -/ appeared to exist beyond which the rate of NO/sub (x)/ evolution did not increase further. The loss of NO/sub (x)/ from in vivo NR assays under gas purging explains partially, but not stoichiometrically, the decrease of NO/sub 2//sup -/ accumulation in in vivo NR assay medium with young soybean leaves. The lack of stoichiometry between NO/sub (x)/ evolution and apparent NO/sub 2//sup -/ loss suggests that other mechanisms are also ...

1981-12-01

Production of a cellulolytic enzyme system in mixed-culture solid-state fermentation of soybean hulls supplemented with wheat bran

We have employed both ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and two intracellular fluorescent pH indicator dyes to monitor the pH of the vacuole and cytoplasm of suspension-cultured...Full Text Available

1992-02-01

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Solid-state fermentation of soybean hulls supplemented with wheat bran using a co-culture of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus oryzae was performed. Three parameters - initial moisture content, incubation temperature, and initial pH - were optimized in culture flasks using response surface methodology. Parameter optimization was carried out with respect to filter paper activity and b-glucosidase activity in the culture. Temperature of 30^oC, pH of 5, and moisture content of 70% were found to be optimum. Optimized parameters were used for laboratory scale-up in static tray fermenters. The maximum filter paper activity of 10.7FPU/g-ds and b-glucosidase of 10.7IU/g-ds were obtained after 96-h incubation period in static tray fermenters in agreement with optimized activities at shake flask le...

2010-01-01

Effect of replacing dietary fish oil with soybean oil on production performance and fillet lipid and fatty acid composition of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract As a marine carnivore exhibiting exceptionally high growth rates, cobia are considered a species for which fish oil (FO) replacement may be difficult. However, partial, if not complete, FO replacement is necessary to ensure sustainability. We evaluated the effects of graded substitution of dietary FO with soybean oil (SO) in cobia culture. Feeds contained FO (100% FO), SO (0% FO) or blends of the two (67% FO, 33% FO) as the supplemental lipid source. Production performance was largely unaffected by partial replacement of FO with SO: feed intake and final weight were reduced only in the 0% FO dietary treatment. Fillet total lipid fatty acid (FA) composition differed among the dietary treatments, closely approximating dietary FA profile. As increasing amounts of FO were replaced, SO...

2011-01-01

Confirmation of quantitative trait loci for resistance to multiple-HG types of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Genetic analysis of resistance of plant introduction (PI) 438489B to soybean cyst nematode (SCN) have shown that this PI is highly resistant to many SCN HG types. However, validation of the previously detected quantitative trait loci (QTL) has not been done. In this study, 250 F2:3 progeny of a Magellan (susceptible)??PI 438489B (resistant) cross were used for primary genetic mapping to detect putative QTL for resistance to five SCN HG types. QTL confirmation study was subsequently conducted using F6:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the same cross. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were employed for molecular genotyping. Interval mapping (IM), permutation tests, cofactor selection, and composite interval mapping (CIM) were performe...

2011-01-01

Carbon coatings with olive oil, soybean oil and butter on nano-LiFePO{sub 4}

Antioxidant isoflavones in Osage orange, Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.

Kitchen oils (olive, soybean and butter) are selected for carbon coatings on LiFePO{sub 4}. The surface properties of LiFePO{sub 4} are unknown or vary depending on synthetic methods. The multi-functional groups of fatty acids in the oils can orient properly to cope with the variable surface properties of LiFePO{sub 4}, which can lead to dense carbon coatings. The low price and low toxicity of kitchen oils are other advantages of the coating process. LiFePO{sub 4} (D{sub 50} = 121 nm)combined with the carbon coating enhances the rate capability. Capacities at the 2C rate reach 150 mAh g{sup -1} or higher. The charge retention values of 2.0C/0.2C are between 94.4 and 98.9%. (author)

2007-05-15

Ozone impacts on the productivity of selected crops. [Corn, wheat, soybean and peanut crops

Recent findings that many human chronic diseases are associated with oxidative stresses have instigated the search for dietary antioxidants. Many phytochemicals, particularly phenolic compounds, have been found to possess strong antioxidant activity and reduce the risks of those diseases. Isoflavones, a special phenolic group found in soybean, have been found to act as antioxidants in some model systems. This study investigated the isoflavone content in a unique nonedible tree fruit, Osage orange [Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid], and methods for the extraction, identification, and quantification of the two major isoflavones, osajin and pomiferin, were developed. The ethyl acetate extract contained 25.7% osajin and 36.2% pomiferin, and the two isoflavones were at 9.5 g kg(-1) of fresh Osage orange. Two model systems, FRAP and beta-CLAMS, were used to measure the antioxidant activity of these two isoflavones. Pomiferin was found to be a strong antioxidant in both ...

2003-10-22

Systematic evaluation of pre-HPLC sample processing methods on total and individual isoflavones in soybeans and soy products

The regional impacts of ozone on corn, wheat, soybean, and peanut crops are estimated by using dose-response functions to relate ambient maximum 7 h/d seasonal ozone concentrations to crop productivity data. Linear dose-response functions were developed from open-top field chamber studies. It was assumed that the limited number of cultivars and growing conditions available for the analysis were representative of major agricultural regions. Hourly ozone data were selected to represent rural concentrations and used to calculate maximum 7-h/d average values. Seasonal ozone averages for counties were extrapolated from approximately 300 monitoring sites. Results must be interpreted with knowledge of these assumptions and sources of uncertainty. Impacts are calculated for county units for the conterminous United States with maps showing patterns and tables summarizing the potential magnitude of ozone effects on selected crop yields. The assessment estimates that ...

1982-01-01

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

There are mainly two protocols in isoflavone analysis, one that involves hydrolysis prior to HPLC analysis and the other direct HPLC analysis. In this study, three different hydrolysis methods were systematically re-evaluated, and compared with direct HPLC analysis. Acidic hydrolysis (1.2-3M HCl in ethanol at 80^oC) showed a maximum conversion of ca. 92% from glucosides to aglycones in 2h; however, longer reaction caused degradation of genistein. Alkaline hydrolysis using 2M NaOH converted acetylglucosides and malonylglucosides to their respective glucosides within 10min. Glucuronidase from H. pomatia effectively converted isoflavone glucosides and acetylglucosides to aglycones. Quantification of the total isoflavones in various soy food products showed no significant difference among dire...

2011-01-01

1 2 3 4

Novel photoaffinity ligands for the GA-receptor

Growth Inhibition and Induction of Stress Protein, GroEL, of Bacillus cereus Exposed to Antibacterial Peptide Isolated from Bacillus subtilis SC-8

Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that certain N-substituted phthalimides (NSPs) exhibit GA-like activity in a range of specific bioassays and that bioactive NSPs compete with ({sup 3}H)-GA{sub 4} for soluble binding sites in cucumber homogenates. As such, these compounds may prove useful in the purification and characterization of GA receptor proteins. To this end, five azido-NSPs have been synthesized and are currently being screened for biological activity and photochemical stability. Three azido-NSPs elicit {alpha}-amylase production in barley half-seeds and stimulate tissue elongation in d{sub 5} maize, lettuce, sunflower, and soybean. Further evaluations are in progress and these data as well as the utility of these compounds as photo-affinity ligands will be discussed.

1990-05-01

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial effect of BSAP-254 on Bacillus cereus with the induced stress proteins. The BSAP-254 is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from soybean-fermenting bacteria, Bacillus subtilis SC-8. It had a narrow spectrum of activity against B. cereus group. The growth inhibitory effect of BSAP-254 (50??g/mL) reduced the population of B. cereus from >108 to 104 colony-forming units per milliliter within 30?min. In B. cereus exposed to BSAP-254, 14 intracellular proteins were differentially expressed as determined by 2-DE coupled with MS. Of the differentially expressed proteins identified, the stress protein GroEL, which is heat shock protein, was induced in B. cereus exposed to antibacterial peptide.

2011-01-01

Soybean biodiesel consumption in agricultural tractor submitted the two forces in the traction bar; Consumo de biodiesel de soja em trator agricola submetido a duas forcas na barra de tracao

Sucrose phosphate synthase activity in rice grown at elevated CO sub 2 and temperature

Due to the great development occurred in the world after the Second World War and the establishment of patterns of increasingly intense, the energy demand amounted to the point, putting at risk the non-renewable energy sources such as oil, coal minerals, among others, with growing interest in renewable energies, among which the biodiesel has been detached. In this sense, the present work had for objective to evaluate the fuel consumption of a tractor Valtra BM100 4x2 TDA, running with ethyl biodiesel from soybean filtered in seven mixture proportions mixed with the diesel, subject to two forces in the traction bar. The work was conducted in the Department of Rural Engineering of the Paulista State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Campus, in an entirely randomized designed, in a factorial diagram 2 x 7, with three repetitions. The treatments were a combination for two forces in the traction bar (10 and 22 kN) and seven mixture proportions (B{sub 0}, B{sub 5}, B{sub ...

2009-07-01

Renewable natural fats and their derivatives as source of fuels. 1. Physical properties of vegetable oil and farm engines diesel fuel mixtures

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was grown at 330 and 660 {mu}L CO{sub 2} L{sup {minus}1} and at 40/33/37, 34/27/31, and 28/21/25{degree}C day/night/paddy water temperatures respectively. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity was measured at saturating substrate concentrations at 59 days after planting. SPS activity increased 2 and 3 fold with increasing CO{sub 2} at 28 and 34{degree}C air temperatures respectively. At 40{degree}C SPS activity decreased by 37% at elevated CO{sub 2} and most plants failed to reach maturity. Similar responses were found in leaf samples taken in the dark. These results indicate that SPS, an enzyme involved in the regulation of C partitioning in leaves, increases in activity at elevated CO{sub 2}. This is in contrast to previous results with soybean. The changes in SPS activity will also be discussed in relation to leaf starch/sucrose ratios.

1990-05-01

Numerical investigation of a bubble-column photo-bioreactor design for biodiesel production from microalgae

The characteristics of diesel fuel jet atomization in carburetors depend on dynamic viscosity (v) density (d) and surface tension (st) of fuel, grouped in the combined functions v/d; st/v and st/d. Values of these combined functions for binary mixtures of a farm diesel fuel with a crude vegetable oil (sunflower, soybean, cotton and foot-cake olive oils) as well as with a used frying olive oil, are calculated. Three different diesel fuels have been studied. Combined function values of these mixtures are influenced by the characteristics of their diesel fuel. Mixtures containing less than 24% of any studied crude oils show kinematic viscosity values at 40 degrees C not exceeding 5.8 squared millimeters/s. This value is the higher limit for typical United States farm diesel fuels, according to specifications of the Cummins Engine Company. Mixture with 21% of the used frying olive oil shows at 40 degrees C this kinematic viscosity.

1985-09-01

A discussion of the development of sandy land from the viewpoint of ecology

Biodiesel made from vegetable oil is among the most desirable of renewable energy sources because it can be a substitute for diesel oil. However, biodiesel from soybean or corn can be confronted with a food crisis. Microalgae is a new biodiesel source which contains high oil lipids with a high growth rate, and which also offers value-added products from the residue, such as cosmetics, health functional food or pharmaceuticals. Microalgae are best cultivated in photo-bioreactors (PBRs) where light, nutrients, carbon dioxide and temperature can be controlled. Despite the current availability of PBRs, only a few can be practically used for mass production. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used in this study to design an optimum bubble-column PBR for mass production of microalgae. Multi-phase models including bubble movement, meshes and time step independent tests were considered to develop the 3-dimensional CFD model. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) tests were ...

2010-07-01

Unrefined and refined black raspberry seed oils significantly lower triglycerides and moderately affect cholesterol metabolism in male Syrian hamsters.

This article discusses the proper use of sandy land in China from the viewpoint of ecology. The many low-yield fields in every locality across China include sandy land that is unsuited to the cultivation of grains such as paddy rice, corn and wheat. Separate investigations of the northern plain and the southern coast between 1980 and 1982 demonstrated that sandy land in a warm climatic zone (e.g. Huang He) is suited to peanuts, soybeans and other oil-bearing crops; that forestation can be carried out on sandy land in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang; and that coastal sandy land has much salinity and is best suited to growing horsetail beefwood. Moreover, the creation of windbreaks along the coasts of southern China has lessened the threat of wind-blown sand which had made rice not worth cultivating on sandy land. It is concluded that different crops can be grown on the sandy soil of China's temperate, warm, semitropical and tropical zones.

1983-01-01

Impacts of water erosion on soil physical properties of an Oxisol and an Inceptisol in the Eastern Plains of Colombia

Abstract Unrefined and refined black raspberry seed oils (RSOs) were examined for their lipid-modulating effects in male Syrian hamsters fed high-cholesterol (0.12% g/g), high-fat (9% g/g) diets. Hamsters fed the refined and the unrefined RSO diets had equivalently lower plasma total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in comparison with the atherogenic coconut oil diet. The unrefined RSO treatment group did not differ in liver total and esterified cholesterol from the coconut oil-fed control animals, but the refined RSO resulted in significantly elevated liver total and esterified cholesterol concentrations. The unrefined RSO diets significantly lowered plasma triglycerides (46%; P=.0126) in comparison with the coconut oil diet, whereas the refined RSO only tended to lower plasma triglyceride (29%; P=.1630). Liver triglyceride concentrations were lower in the unrefined (46%; P=.0002) and refined (36%; P=.0005) RSO-fed animals than the coconut oil group, with the ...

2011-05-06

Comparison of toxicity to terrestrial plants with algal growth inhibition by herbicides

On the basis of soil losses records during 10 years, three levels of water erosion were established for two soil (Typical Hapludox and Oxic Dystropept) located on high and medium terraces of alluvial flat plain of piedmont in the Eastern Plains in La Libertad Research Center of CORPOICA. Eighteen 3 x 10 m"2 run-off plots were fitted out on a nonrandom arrangement of nine plots by landscape and three soil use and management treatments: zero grazing Brachiaria decumbens pasture for six years, up land rice, soybean and maize rotations for six years and bare soil for 10 years. Soil losses under these treatments allowed to define three degrees of erosion: slight (N_3 moderate (N_2) and severe (N_3) respectively. From each plot soil samples were taken at two depths for physical analyses. infiltration and resistance to cone penetration were measured in the field. Without exception water erosion produced a detrimental effect on soil physical properties and the hydrological ...

1999-12-01

Characterisation of dust material emitted during harbour operations (HADA Project)

The toxicities of 21 different herbicides to algae (Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlorella vulgaris) and to terrestrial plants (radishes, barley, and bush beans or soybeans) were compared to order to determine the feasibility of using a short-term (96-h) algal growth inhibition test for identifying chemicals having potential toxicity in a 4-week terrestrial plant bioassay. The toxicity of each test chemical, usually in combination with a commercial formulation, was evaluated at six nominal concentrations, between 0 and 100 mg/L growth medium in the algal bioassay or between 0 and 100 mg/kg substate in the terrestrial plant bioassay, in terms of both (1) the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), i.e., the highest concentration tested at which no significant (P < 0.05, one-sided test) reduction in algal growth rate or in terrestrial plant yield, relative to controls, was observed; and (2) the concentration at which algal growth rate or terrestrial plant yield ...

1984-10-01

Production and use of biodiesel

The aim of this work is to compile an inventory of the main characteristics (chemical, morphological, mineralogical and grain size parameters) of the bulk cargo materials and of the material emitted during different port operations for possible use as tracers of the fugitive PM emission sources. For all cases, the tracer characteristics determined for each bulk material were also identified in the corresponding PM material emitted. This inventory could assist the harbour authorities to identify the origin of high PM events recorded by air quality monitoring networks in harbour areas, and could also help modellers to predict the impact of harbour activities on ambient PM levels. The harbour of Tarragona (north-east Spain) was selected for this study given the high volume of solids in bulk handled. To this end, 12 handling operations of selected materials (clinker, phosphate, pyrite ash, Mn mineral, fine Si-Mn, coke (coal), bituminous coal, tapioca, soybean, alfalfa, ...

2007-09-15

Neutron activation analysis for determination of selected trace elements responsible for immunity in foodstuffs and water in egypt

Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils that have been chemically modified by esterification; an example is rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME), made by treating rapeseed oil with methanol. Biodiesel can be burned directly in diesel engines. Oil from the rapeseed variety known as 00 was the first type of vegetable oil used for transesterification to produce biodiesel. Many other oils have been used successfully as biodiesel feedstock including sunflower oil in Southern France and Italy, soybean oil in the USA, and palm oil in Malaysia. Biodiesel can be made from a wide range of feedstock and multi-feedstock blends. Compared to conventional diesel biodiesel has some environmentally friendly advantages, e.g. biodiesel is reported to release fewer solid particles. Potentially even more important is the low level of carbon dioxide generation associated with biodiesel, at a time when CO{sub 2} emissions are falling in every industrial sector except transport. Life-cycle ...

2003-11-01