Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short communication.

Science.gov (United States)

Molar extinction coefficients of some carbohydrates viz. L-arabinose (C5H10O5), D-glucose (C6H12O6), D-mannose (C6H12O6), D-galactose (C6H12O6), D(-) fructose (C6H12O6) and maltose (C12H24O12) in aqueous solutions have been determined at 81, 356, 511, 662, 1173 and 1332 keV by gamma ray transmission method in a narrow beam good geometry set-up. These coefficients have been found to depend upon the photon energy following a 4-parameter polynomial. These extinction coefficients for different sugars having the same molecular formula have same values varying within experimental uncertainty. Within concentration ranges studied, Beer--Lambert law is obeyed very well.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short communication.

CERN Document Server

The development of a replacement to the conventional film based X-ray imaging technique is required for many reasons. One possible route for this is the use of a large area film of a suitable semiconductor overlaid on an amorphous silicon readout array. A suitable semiconductor exists in cadmium telluride and its tertiary alloy cadmium zinc telluride. In this thesis the spectroscopic characteristics of commercially available CZT X- and gamma-radiation detectors are established. The electronic, optical, electro-optic, structural and compositional properties of these detectors are then investigated. The attained data is used to infer a greater understanding for the carrier transport in a CZT radiation detector following the interaction of a high energy photon. Following this a method used to fabricate large area films of CdTe on a commercial scale is described. This is cathodic electrodeposition from an aqueous electrolyte. The theory and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The production of three vector bosons in #gamma# #gamma# collisions studying the reactions #gamma# + #gamma# #-># W"+ + W"- + Z"0 and #gamma# + #gamma# #-># W"+ + W"- + #gamma#. 12 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Production of Fe_2O_3, Y_2O_3, YFeO_3, Y_3Fe_5O_1_2 powders using the alkoxomethod - during hydrolysis by yttrium and iron alcohol solutions, is studied. It is stated that production of the powders of Y_2O_3-Fe_2O_3 system oxides using alkoxomethod permits to decrease essentially the reaction volumes, number of operations, their duration as compared to the cooxidation of oxide hydrates from inorganic salt aqueous solutions. During heat treatment of iron (3) alcohol hydrolysis products #gamma#-Fe_2O_3 is first crystallized by contrast to #alpha#-FeOOH, usually produced by deposition from solutions. Further heat treatment of #gamma#-Fe_2O_3 results in production of #alpha#-Fe_2O_3. Conditions for crystallization of Y_3Fe_5O_1_2 and YFeO_3 phases, prepared by both methods, and their crystallite mean sizes are close, but the powders obtained from alcohols are more homogeneous.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short communication.

CERN Document Server

$\\gamma/\\phi_3$ at hadron colliders

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effects of the time and temperature of alkaline pretreatment and the time and temperature of the carboxymethylation of peat in 2-propanol on the concentration of carboxymethyl groups and the solubility of the resulting products in water and an aqueous alkali solution were studied. The viscosity characteristics of the aqueous and aqueous alkaline solutions of peat carboxymethylation products were studied.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is proposed to measure the spot sizes and polarization of #gamma# beams of future #gamma#e and #gamma##gamma# colliders detecting e"+e"- pairs produced as a result of interaction of high energy #gamma# quanta with density modulated and not modulated laser photons. The quantum electrodynamics cross sections, necessary numerical results as well as a short comparison of the proposed method with some other methods are given. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The high-energy radiation-induced degradation of an H-acid derivative azo dye, Apollofix-Red SF-28 (AR-28) was studied in aqueous solution by using pulse radiolysis with kinetic spectroscopic detection for transient measurements. Gamma radiolysis with UV-VIS spectroscopy and gradient ionpair HPLC separation with diode array detection were applied for following the destruction of AR-28 and measuring the products. The reactions of hydrated electron (e_a_q "-) and hydroxyl ("#centre dot#OH) radical were investigated separately. "#centre dot#OH reacts with the unsaturated bonds of the molecule. In the further reactions of the "#centre dot#OH adduct radicals, the AR-28 molecules partly reform with a slightly modified structure. The products formed in the first reaction of "#centre dot#OH and AR-28 molecules have also high reactivity towards the "#centre dot#OH radicals. For these reasons the efficiency of "#centre dot#OH radicals in discolouration ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Passive films formed on mild steel in aqueous 8.6 mM NaCl solutions (pH 8), containing either MoO{sub 4}{sup 2-} or NO{sub 2}{sup -}, have been studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For either anion these films are {approx}5 nm deep, and the primary chemical state of iron is Fe{sup 3+}. Following exposure to MoO{sub 4}{sup 2-}, the film consists of a sub-layer ({approx}4.1 nm) composed largely of ferric oxide/hydroxide, overlaid by Fe{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} ({approx}0.6 nm). As regards NO{sub 2}{sup -}, spectra are consistent with the film being closely related to {gamma}-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Furthermore, a reduction product of NO{sub 2}{sup -}, potentially N{sub 2}, is present, displaying a depth profile comparable to that of molybdate.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Complementary electrochemical, spectrophotometric and electron microsopic investigations were made in addition to the conversion electron Moessbauer spectroscopic (CEMS) measurements to learn more about the mechanism of corrosion of low carbon steel samples in aqueous sulfate and sulfite containing sulfate solutions (pH 3.5, 6.5 and 8.5). Passivation of iron in pure sulfate solution was studied in detail in earlier papers. In the present work, we used a solution containing both sulfate and sulfite anions to obtain more information about the effect of acid rain on low carbon steel samples. The compositions and thicknesses of the passive films formed due to the electrochemical treatments were determined from the CEM spectra. [gamma]-FeOOH was found in each case on the surface of the samples; nevertheless, at pH 3.5 the sextet belonging to Fe[sub 3]C appears in the CEM spectra, and also FeSO[sub 4] . H[sub 2]O was detected in low concentration ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors study the processes {gamma}e {r{underscore}arrow} {gamma}e and {gamma}{gamma} {r{underscore}arrow} {gamma}{gamma}, in the context of the proposal for Weak Scale Quantum Gravity (WSQG) with large extra dimensions. With an ultraviolet cutoff M{sub S} {approximately} 1 TeV for the effective gravity theory, the cross sections obtained for these processes at the Next Linear Collider (NLC), with the e{gamma} an {gamma}{gamma} options, deviate from the predictions of the Standard Model significantly. The results suggest that, for typical proposed NLC energies and luminosities, the predictions of WSQG can be tested in the range 1 TeV {approx{underscore}lt} M{sub S} {approx{underscore}lt} 10 TeV, making e{gamma} an {gamma}{gamma} colliders important tools for probing WSQG.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... electrophoresis fission products gamma radiation gamma spectra half-life

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Three possibilities to observe the Higgs-top interaction at future #gamma##gamma#-colliders are discussed: a) associated Higss production via the #gamma##gamma##->#tanti tH reaction, b) Higgs obliged radiative correction to the #gamma##gamma##->#tanti t channel, c) Higgs resonance production via #gamma##gamma##->#H#->#ZZ. The results obtained show windows of the Higss mass where the Yukawa interaction of the Higss with the top quark can be studied at #gamma##gamma#-colliders. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... v. 1267(1) RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY AND NUCLEAR

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Homogeneous nucleation of CaSO{sub 4}{center_dot}2H{sub 2}O (gypsum) based on an optical diagnostic technique was studied within a supersaturation range of 1--4 at 25--90 C. The experiments were carried out using an experimental apparatus consisting of a batch crystallizer with the related measurement devices. Signals of scattered and transmitted light coming from a He-Ne laser source were analyzed to measure the induction period (t{sub ind}), that is, the time delay necessary for homogeneous nucleation to take place. As expected from theory, it was found that t{sub ind} decreases when either temperature or supersaturation increase; from the dependence of t{sub ind} on supersaturation, it was possible to distinguish between the mechanisms of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation. From the experimental data relative to homogeneous nucleation, the interfacial tension ({gamma}{sub s}) between CaSO{sub 4}{center_dot}2H{sub 2}O and the surrounding ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Future linear colliders offer unique opportunities to study {gamma}{gamma}, {gamma}e interactions. Using the laser backscattering method one can obtain {gamma}{gamma}, {gamma}e colliding beams with energy and luminosity comparable to the electron-position luminosity or even higher. In this review physical principles of photon colliders are described and various problems, concerning the accelerator, laser, interaction region and luminosity are discussed. Some examples of physical processes are given. ((orig.)).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The angular ..gamma gamma..-correlations for nuclei of Sr even-even isotopes with A=82, 84, 86, 88 were measured. Multipole structurs of ..gamma..-transtion series and th coefficients multipole mixing were determined.

Science.gov (United States)

The gamma spectrum and gamma - gamma coincidences of /sup 177/W were measured with a Ge(Li) detector. A level scheme was proposed for /sup 177/Ta. (tr-auth)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We discuss the search of excited leptons and quarks with spin 1/2 at {gamma}{gamma} and at {gamma}e colliders. We show that {gamma}{gamma} colliders have important advantages for the observation of excited leptons and quarks in comparison with ee, ep, and pp colliders discussed in previous papers. These collisions give a simple test for the chirality of the l{sup *}l{gamma} transition. The anomalous magnetic moment of excited leptons can be observed when its value is not too small. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The estimation of numerical values of the mean distance of closest approach of ions, a, of alkaline-earth metal ion salts in aqueous solutions, determined from activity coefficients, as well as from different theoretical approaches, is presented and discussed.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of associative interactions of monomers and propagating macroradicals in homopolymerization of N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide salts and their copolymerization with acrylonitrile and acrylamide in aqueous solution was studied.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this talk I briefly summarize different models for #sigma#_2_#gamma#"t"o"t (e"+e"-#->##gamma##gamma##->#hadrons) and contrast model predictions with the data. I will then discuss the capability of the future e"+e"- and #gamma##gamma# colliders to distinguish between various models and end with an outlook for future work.

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The thermodynamic framework that was developed in a previous work [Vrachnos et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2004, 43, 2798] for the description of chemical and vapor-liquid equilibria of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and their mixtures in aqueous methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solutions is revised and extended in this study to the absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions and aqueous MDEA-MEA blends. The results of the model are compared with experimental data taken from the literature. Very satisfactory predictions of acidic gas vapor-liquid equilibrium over MDEA, MEA, and their blends at various concentrations, acidic gas loadings, and temperatures are obtained.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A #gamma##gamma# collider would extend and complement the physics capability of a linear collider; e.g. it would be suitable for direct measurement of the partial decay width of a Higgs boson into two gamma quanta. This paper discusses choice of laser parameters, luminosity optimization, electron and laser parameters for a gamma- gamma collider as a second interaction region for the Next Linear Collider, laser path, and the lasers. It is concluded that a gamma- gamma collider is technically feasible; however it will require a significant investment in preparatory R ampersand D.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We investigate the chargino production process #gamma##gamma# #-># (W-tilde)"+(W-tilde)"- at high energy #gamma##gamma# colliders in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). Here the high energy #gamma# beams are obtained by the backward Compton scattering of the laser flush by the electron in the basic linear TeV ee colliders. We consider the polarization of the laser photons as well as the electron beams. Appropriate beam polarization could be effective to enhance the cross section to for us extract the signal from the dominant background #gamma##gamma# #-># W"+W"-. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The kinetics of the hydrolysis of polyacrylonitrile in aqueous and aqueousalcoholic solution have been studied. The effects of the solvent on the kinetics of the hydrolysis have been demonstrated, together with the role of diffusion and adsorption of the hydrolyzing agent on the surface of the macromolecules. It has also been shown to be possible to control the extent of hydrolysis and the hydrophilicity of the product.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

By generalizing the algebra satisfied by the ..gamma../sub 5/ matrix, it is possible to give an extension of ..gamma../sub 5/ to d dimensions. We discuss the connection of this scheme to others.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Three copper-based alloys, CDA 102 (oxygen-free, high-purity copper), CDA 613 (aluminum bronze), and CDA 715 (Cu-30Ni), are candidates for the fabrication of high-level radioactive-waste disposal containers. Waste will include spent fuel assemblies from reactors as well as borosilicate glass, and will be sent to the prospective repository site at Yucca Mountain in Nye County, Nevada. The decay of radionuclides will result in the generation of substantial heat and in fluxes of gamma radiation outside the containers. In this environment, container materials might degrade by atmospheric oxidation, general aqueous phase corrosion, localized corrosion (LC), and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). This volume is a critical survey of available data on pitting and crevice corrosion of the copper-based candidates. Pitting and crevice corrosion are two of the most common forms of LC of these materials. Data on the SCC of these alloys is surveyed in Volume ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The collisions of high energy photons produced at an electron-positron collider provide a comprehensive laboratory for testing QCD, electroweak interactions, and extensions of the standard model. The luminosity and energy of the colliding photons produced by backscattering laser beams is expected to be comparable to that of the primary e"+e"- collisions. In this overview, we shall focus on tests of electroweak theory in photon-photon annihilation, particularly #gamma##gamma##->#W"+W"-, #gamma##gamma##->#Higgs bosons, and higher-order loop processes, such as #gamma##gamma##->##gamma##gamma#, Z#gamma# and ZZ. Since each photon can be resolved into a W"+W"- pair, high energy photon-photon collisions can also provide a remarkably background-free laboratory for studying WW collisions and annihilation. We also review high energy #gamma##gamma# tests of quantum chromodynamics, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

German 2003 p. 24 Germany Klemz, G. Moenig, K. Sekaric, J. Stahl,

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We consider the possibility of detecting a heavy Higgs boson ([ital m][sub [ital H

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We summarize the predictions of different models for total {gamma}{gamma} cross-sections. The experimentally observed rise of {sigma}{sub {gamma}}{sub {gamma}} with s radical {sub {gamma}}{sub {gamma}}, faster than that for {sigma}{sub p-barp}, {sigma}{sub {gamma}}{sub p} is in agreement with the predictions of the Eikonalized Minijet Models as opposed to those of the Regge-Pomeron models. We then show that a measurement of {sigma}{sub {gamma}}{sub {gamma}} with an accuracy of < or approx. 8-9% (6-7%) is necessary to distinguish among different Regge-Pomeron type models (the different parameterisations of the EMM models) and a precision of < or approx. 20% is required to distinguish the predictions of the EMMs and of those models which treat 'photon like a proton', for the energy range ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the framework of the equivalence theorem the one-loop helicity amplitudes and cross section for the double Higgs production process {gamma}{gamma}{yields}HH are calculated. It is shown that the cross section is measurable at TeV {gamma}{gamma} colliders and is marginally sensitive to the triple-Higgs variation. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The complementarity of e{sup +}e{sup -} and {gamma}{gamma} colliders to discover and explore new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) is discussed. After briefly surveying a number of various new physics scenarios, we concentrate in detail on signatures for Large Extra Dimensions via the process {gamma}{gamma}{yields}WW.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The complementarity of e{sup +}e{sub {minus}} and gamma-gamma colliders to discover and explore new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) is discussed. After briefly surveying a number of various new physics scenarios the authors concentrate in detail on signatures for Large Extra Dimensions via the process gamma-gamma --> WW.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We investigate the sparticle production processes e{gamma} {yields} e tilde(Z tilde){sub 1} and {gamma}{gamma} {yields} (f tilde)(f tilde and bar) at high energy e{gamma} and {gamma}{gamma} colliders in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). It will be shown that the e{gamma} colliders would be more suitable in searching for the heavy selectrons than ee colliders because of the low mass threshold of the process e{gamma} {yields} (e tilde)(Z tilde){sub 1}. We show that the standard background processes e{gamma} {yields} {nu}W and eZ can be suppressed in terms of initial beam polarization as well as the kinematical cuts on the energy and angle of the final electron. Moreover, it will be argued that the experimental measurements of the cross sections for the processes e{gamma} {yields} (e ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To prove that two-layer, TBP-nitric acid mixtures can be safely stored in the Canyon evaporators, it must be demonstrated that a runaway reaction between TBP and nitric acid will not occur. Previous bench-scale experiments showed that, at typical evaporator temperatures, this reaction is endothermic and therefore cannot run away, due to the loss of heat from evaporation of water in the organic layer. However, the reaction would be exothermic and could run away if the small amount of water in the organic layer evaporates before the nitric acid in this layer is consumed by the reaction. Provided that there is enough water in the aqueous layer, this would occur if the organic layer is sufficiently thick so that the rate of loss of water by evaporation exceeds the rate of replenishment due to mixing with the aqueous layer. Bubbles containing reaction products enhance the rate of transfer of water from the aqueous layer to the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We analyze the potential of the e"+e"- linear colliders, operating in the e#gamma# and #gamma##gamma# modes, to probe anomalous quartic vector-boson interactions through the multiple production of W's and Z's. We examine all SU(2)_L(circle times)U(1)_Y chiral operators of order p"4 that lead to new four-gauge-boson interactions but do not alter trilinear vertices. We show that the e#gamma# and #gamma##gamma# modes are able not only to establish the existence of a strongly interacting symmetry breaking sector but also to probe for anomalous quartic couplings of the order of 10"-"2 at 90% C.L. Moreover, the information gathered in the e#gamma# mode can be used to reduce the ambiguities of the e"+e"- mode.

CERN Document Server

An electroweak singlet scalar can couple to pairs of vector bosons through loop-induced dimension five operators. Compared to a Standard Model Higgs boson, the singlet decay widths in the diphotons and Z gamma channels are generically enhanced, while decays into massive final states like WW and ZZ are kinematically disfavored. The overall event rates into gamma gamma and Z gamma can exceed the Standard Model expectations by orders of magnitude. Such a singlet may appear as a resonant signal in the gamma gamma and Z gamma channels, even with a mass above the WW kinematic threshold.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corrosion testings of model alloys, corresponding by chemical composition to simple and complex-alloyed #gamma#- and #gamma#'-phases of nickel heat-resistant alloys are conducted in sodium sulfate and chloride melts. It is ascertained that heat resistant nickel alloys containing over 50 % of hardening #gamma#'-phase, are subject to disastrous sulfide corrosion (SC). Resistance against SC alloys containing below 50 % of #gamma#'-phase is determined by the resistance of #gamma#-solid solution. 10 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The goal of this work is to study the effect of the aqueous medium pH on the two-phase equilibrium behaviour of the aqueous {1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C4mim]Br)+potassium citrate} system in order to obtain further information about the salting-out effect produced by the addition of a kosmotropic salt to an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic ionic liquid (IL). For this purpose the phase diagrams and the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the {[C4mim]Br+potassium citrate} aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) were determined experimentally at different pH values. Four medium pH values (5.00, 6.00, 7.00 and 8.00) were assayed at T=298.15K. The effect of pH on the ATPS-promoting capability of citrate anions in the aqueous [C4mim]Br solutions was explained based on the structural hydr...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A comparative study has been performed to compare the 30 wt% of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) aqueous solution and 30 wt% of methyldiethanol amine (MDEA) aqueous solution to capture carbon dioxide contained in the flue gas stream. The equilibrium constants for each electrolyte reactions have been used to estimate the carbon dioxide absorption process. Henry's constants for each binary pairs between solute gases and solvent have been used to estimate solubility of the gas components.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative bacterial species that is ubiquitous in almost any aqueous environment. It is the agent of Legionnaires’ disease, an acute and often...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Russian 1985. p. 114. USSR Levitskaya, GD Ture, MF Lata, LP L'vovskij

CERN Document Server

The decay modes $\\jpsi\\ar\\gamma\\pi^0, \\gamma\\eta$ and $\\gamma\\etap$ are analyzed using a data sample of 58 million $\\jpsi$ decays collected with the BESII detector at BEPC. The branching fractions are determined to be: $Br(\\jpsi\\ar\\gamma\\pi^0)=(3.13^{+0.65}_{-0.44})\\times10^{-5}$, $Br(\\jpsi\\ar\\gamma\\eta)=(11.23\\pm0.89)\\times10^{-4}$, and $Br(\\jpsi\\ar\\gamma\\etap)=(5.55\\pm0.44)\\times10^{-3}$, where the errors are combined statistical and systematic errors. The ratio of partial widths $\\Gamma(\\jpsi\\ar\\gamma\\etap)/\\Gamma(\\jpsi\\ar\\gamma\\eta)$ is measured to be $4.94\\pm0.40$, and the singlet-octet pseudoscalar mixing angle of $\\eta-\\etap$ system is determined to be $\\theta_{P}=(-22.08\\pm0.81)^{\\circ}$.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The future e"+e"- linear colliders can also operate in the e#gamma# or #gamma##gamma# modes. In the context of the top-color assisted technicolor (TC2) model, we study the single charged top-pion production process #gamma##gamma# #-># tb-bar#PI#_t"-. The results show that the production rates can reach the level of tens fb with reasonable parameter values. So one can expect that enough signals could be produced in future high-energy linear collider experiments. Furthermore, the flavor-changing (FC) decay mode #PI#_t"- #-># bc-bar is the best channel to detect the charged top pion due to the clean standard model background. With a large number of events and the clean background, the charged top pion should be observable at future linear colliders operating in #gamma##gamma# mode at the TeV energy scale

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We perform an optimal-observable analysis of the final charged-lepton/b-quark momentum distributions in #gamma##gamma##->#t t-bar #->#lX/bX for various beam polarizations in order to study possible anomalous t t-bar #gamma#, tbW and #gamma##gamma#H couplings, which could be generated by SU(2) x U(1) gauge-invariant dimension-6 effective operators. We find optimal beam polarizations that will minimize the uncertainty in determination of those non-standard couplings. We also compare e e-bar and #gamma##gamma# colliders from the viewpoint of the anomalous-top-quark-coupling determination.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We study the constraints on the anomalous coupling g_5"Z that can be obtained from the analysis of the reaction #gamma##gamma##->#W"+W"-Z at future linear e"+e"- colliders. We find out that a 0.5 (1) TeV e"+e"- collider operating in the #gamma##gamma# mode can probe values of g_5"Z of the order of 0.15 (4.5x10"-"2) for an integrated luminosity of 10 fb"-"1. This shows that the ability to search for this anomalous interaction of the #gamma##gamma# mode is better than the one of the usual e"+e"- mode, and it is similar to the ability of the e#gamma# mode.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Interleukin 12 (IL-12) activates natural killer (NK) and T cells with the secondary synthesis and release of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and other cytokines. IL-12-induced organ alterations are reported...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The radioactive decay of "2"0"3Bi is studied. A level scheme is proposed for "2"0"3Pb on the basis of #gamma#-ray and electron spectra and #gamma#-#gamma# coincidence measurements. The experimental data are compared with theoretical results obtained in a three quasiparticle approximation. (Auth.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The natural biotic capacity of soils to degrade gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH, lindane) was estimated using an enrichment technique based on the ability of soil bacteria to develop on synthetic...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

The top-color assisted technicolor (TC2) mode predicts the existence of a pair of charged top-pions $\\pi^{\\pm}_t$. In this paper, we study the production of the charged top-pions pair $\\pi^{\\pm}_t$ at next generation $\\gamma\\gamma$ colliders. The results show that the production rates can reach the level of $10^2$ fb with reasonable parameter space. With a large number of events and the clean background, the charged top-pion should be observable at the $\\gamma\\gamma$ colliders. Therefore, our studies can help us to search for charged top-pion, and furthermore, to test the TC2 model.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present the efficient technique to extract the signal of the intermediate mass Higgs boson from the backgrounds at future #gamma##gamma# colliders. For a clear Higgs detection, it is important to fit the original electron accelerator energy depending on the Higgs mass, to set the polarization of the photon beams and to apply the efficient b quark tagging method. we demonstrate the extraction of information of Higgs parameters and the new physics from the observable physical quantities. It is clearly shown that a future #gamma##gamma# collider will have a rich potential for study on the new physics, as well as the Higgs physics. (author).

CERN Document Server

Heavy quark production in $\\gamma\\gamma$ collisions is analyzed within the approach to hard collisions of photons recently proposed by the author. In this approach evaluating the cross section $\\sigma(\\gamma\\gamma\\to Q\\bar{Q})$ in the ``next-to-leading order of QCD'' requires the inclusion of direct photon contributions up to the order $\\alpha^2\\alpha_s^2$, whereas in the standard approach direct photon terms only up to the order $\\alpha^2\\alpha_s$ are taken into account. Phenomenological consequences of this difference are discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report describes work carried out in the second 13 months of a 33 month contract to characterize the passive films formed on anodes commonly used in non-aqueous battery cells, and to identify cell reaction products formed at the carbon cathode commonly used in these cells.

Science.gov (United States)

A method of simultaneously removing SO.sub.2 and NO from oxygen-containing flue gases resulting from the combustion of carbonaceous material by contacting the flue gas with an aqueous scrubber solution containing an aqueous sulfur dioxide sorbent and an active metal chelating agent which promotes a reaction between dissolved SO.sub.2 and dissolved NO to form hydroxylamine N-sulfonates. The hydroxylamine sulfonates are then separated from the scrubber solution which is recycled.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An equation is described to estimate the value of the liquid-phase mass-transfer coefficient of aqueous solutions of surfactants from its value for pure water. The form of the equation is obtained from Levich's theory, and it is adjusted to experiments of absorption of CO/sub 2/ in aqueous solutions of five pure surfactants. The reduction of the absorption rate is correlated with the interfacial pressure of the solution.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Simulated atmospheric corrosion studies were performed to determine the corrosion protection provided by galvanized zinc coatings on depleted uranium, U-0.75 Ti alloy, and U-6 Nb alloys. The accelerated ASTM tests consisted of exposing the galvanized samples to aqueous and aqueous chloride environments. The test results showed that anodic protection was provided by the electronegative zinc coatings on uranium and uranium alloys. Treating zinc with chromate conversion coatings also provided more protection.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Interfacial tension in the system toluene solution of di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid HDEHP-aqueous solutions of inorganic salts has been measured by the drop volume method. The ion-exchange constants in the monolayers formed by HDEHP and alkaline-earth metals have been measured.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We investigate the semihard production of neutral pseudoscalar and tensor mesons in high-energy [gamma][gamma] collisions (M=P=[pi][sup 0], [eta], [eta]' or M=T=a[sub 2], f[sub 2], f[sub 2]'). We deal with the exclusive [gamma][gamma][yields]MM' or semi-exclusive [gamma][gamma][yields]MX reactions (X is the hadron jet with not too large mass). The considered transfer momenta are small in comparison with the photon energies and they are large in comparison with the confinement scale. The amplitudes of these processes are determined by the odderon exchange, i.e. three-gluon exchange in the lowest order of perturbative QCD. The cross sections are calculated in this approximation. The possibility of measurements at LEP and at future [gamma][gamma] colliders is discussed. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The production of pairs of doubly charged vector bileptons is studied at future #gamma##gamma# colliders. The unpolarized cross section for the #gamma##gamma##->#Y"-"-Y"+"+ subprocess is analytically calculated and convoluted to predict the number of events in the complete e"+e"-#->##gamma##gamma##->#Y"-"-Y"+"+ process. The gauge or nongauge character of the vector bilepton Y"#+-#"#+-# is discussed. It is found that, as a consequence of its spectacular signature, as it decays dominantly into two identical charged leptons, and also due to its charge contents, which significantly enhance the cross section, the detection of this class of particles with mass in the sub-TeV region can be at the reach of these colliders. The model-independent nature of our results is stressed.

CERN Document Server

Il package software GESIS per la gestione di sistemi spettrometrici gamma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The possibility of gamma-absorption identification of the analyzed substance is considered. the basic provisions of the proposed method are concentrated on the example of carbohydrates and hydrocarbons. The above method is tested experimentally on polyethylenes and polystyrene

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sentinel node (SN) scintigraphy for cervical and vulvar cancer guides the gynaecological oncologist in finding the metastatic lymph nodes during lymphadenectomy. The role of the surgical gamma probe in the sentinel node concept in gynaecological oncology is to localise (SN) both intra-operatively and transcutaneously. Intra-operative hand-held collimated gamma probes are increasingly used for detection of the sentinel lymph node. A comparative evaluation of handheld gamma probes: Neoprobe 1500, Europrobe, Gamma Finder, Gamma Ray Prospector GRP1 and GPR2 was performed using different detection methods. Laboratory tests were performed in which sensitivity, spatial resolution and angular sensitivity were evaluated. The results for each gamma probe were summarised and discussed. Awareness of a gamma probes capabilities and limitations should be ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The coupled neutron-gamma cross section libraries BUGLE-80 and SAILOR are compared, with focus on gamma production and transport and its sensitivity to the thermal component of the neutron flux. In addition, the importance of the prompt versus delayed components of the gamma source is addressed. Although BUGLE-80 shows some discrepancies in the core region, the two libraries demonstrate similar capability in the vicinity of the pressure vessel and beyond. The delayed fission product gammas from the core have little impact on the local gamma fluxes beyond the pressure vessel. Although thermal neutron capture is the dominant component of the gamma source, there is little sensitivity of the gamma source to uncertainties in the thermal neutron cross sections, due to compensating effects which tend to keep the thermal neutron capture rate ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of verifying depleted uranium (DU), natural uranium (NU), low enriched uranium (LEU) and high enriched uranium (HEU) by a developed digital gamma-gamma coincidence spectroscopy. The spectroscopy consists of two NaI(Tl) scintillators and XIA LLC Digital Gamma Finder (DGF)/Pixie-4 software and card package. The results demonstrate that the spectroscopy provides an effective method of "2"3"5U and "2"3"8U quantification based on the count rate of their gamma-gamma coincidence counting signatures. The main advantages of this approach over the conventional gamma spectrometry include the facts of low background continuum near coincident signatures of "2"3"5U and "2"3"8U, less interference from other radionuclides by the gamma-gamma coincidence counting, and region-of-interest (ROI) imagine analysis for uranium enrichment ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(Feb 1972). United States Swinth, KL Weber, JW San Francisco, Calif.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Future #gamma##gamma# colliders allow the production of the heavy neutral MSSM Higgs bosons H and A as single resonances. The prospects of finding these particles in the bb-bar and the neutralino-pair final states have been analyzed. The H, A bosons can be discovered for medium values of tan #beta# with masses up to 70-80% of the initial e"#+-#e"- c.m. energy. This production mode thus covers parts of the supersymmetric parameter space that are not accessible at other colliders.

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : AD0268549. Title : POTENTIATION BY PENTOBARBITAL OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AET AGAINST GAMMA RAYS. ...

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We investigate the scope of all relevant production modes of charged Higgs bosons in the MSSM, with mass larger than the one of the top quark, at future Linear Colliders operating in {gamma}{gamma} mode at the TeV energy scale. Final states with one or two H{sup {+-}} bosons are considered, as produced by both tree- and loop-level interactions. (orig.)

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Short communication

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The gamma-ray spectrum following neutron capture on /sup 87/Sr was measured at 3 neutron energies: E/sub n/ = thermal, 2 keV, and 24 keV. Gamma rays were detected in a three-crystal Ge(Li)-NaI-NaI pair spectrometer. Gamma-ray intensities deduced from these spectra by spectral unfolding are presented.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... electron spin resonance gamma radiation lipids lyophilization lysozyme radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have constructed a Monte Carlo generator (the corresponding FORTRAN code can be obtained from the authors upon request) for lowest-order predictions for the processes #gamma##gamma##->#4f and #gamma##gamma##->#4f#gamma# in the standard model and extensions thereof by an effective #gamma##gamma#H coupling as well as anomalous triple and quartic gauge-boson couplings. Polarization is fully supported, and a realistic photon beam spectrum can be taken into account. For the processes #gamma##gamma##->#4f all helicity amplitudes are explicitly given in a compact form. The presented numerical results contain, in particular, a survey of cross sections for representative final states and their comparison to results obtained with the program package Whizard/Madgraph. The impact of a realistic beam spectrum on cross sections and distributions is illustrated. Moreover, the size of ...

CERN Document Server

This note studies the single production of scalar or vector diquarks at the LHeC collider.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In 1998, research began at Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory to investigate the application of "6Li and "7Li isotopes to the measurement of neutron and gamma radiation. Various size pairs of "6Li and "7Li based detectors were exposed to mixed neutron and gamma radiation. Experiments demonstrated that these detectors could be used to measure low level neutron radiation in the presence of high level gamma radiation. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The working group reviewed the main difficulties foreseen in doing physics at a gamma-gamma collider. They discussed the requirements for the detector, calculated some of the signal and background rates, compared methods of measuring luminosity, looked at how to get the laser beams in, investigated ways of sweeping aside the electrons and considered ways of disposing of the used beams. No overwhelming obstacles were found but important questions still need to be answered. ((orig.)).

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Carbide reactions occurring in a precipitation-hardening gamma/gamma-prime Ni-Cr alloy during prolonged high-temperature aging are investigated experimentally. It is found that the decomposition of primary MC carbides, which is accompanied by the precipitation of M23C6 particles, may lead to void nucleation and growth. The effect of carbide transformations on the residual properties of the material at temperatures above the equicohesion temperature is observed at the late stages of aging only. 6 references.

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The Albedo Theory was applied in order to develop an one-group algorithm for coupled neutron-gamma shielding calculations. The configuration analyzed consists of multilayered plane systems, where a incident neutron current generates gamma radiation through neutron-gamma reactions. The results obtained by Albedo Method and ANISN code have shown excellent agreement. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Published in summary form only.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A multi-group neutron-gamma cross-section library in DTF-IV format is supplemented with electron production matrix to generate a coupled neutron-gamma-electron library. This is realized by estimating the contributions from Compton scattering, pair production and photoelectric effect to the electron production cross-sections. A novel application of this new library, which involves transport of neutrons, gammas and electrons, for estimating the Compton current due to a pulse of radiation in air is discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To prove that two-layer, TBP-nitric acid mixtures can be safely stored in the canyon evaporators, it must be demonstrated that a runaway reaction between TBP and nitric acid will not occur. Previous bench-scale experiments showed that, at typical evaporator temperatures, this reaction is endothermic and therefore cannot run away, due to the loss of heat from evaporation of water in the organic layer. However, the reaction would be exothermic and could run away if the small amount of water in the organic layer evaporates before the nitric acid in this layer is consumed by the reaction. Provided that there is enough water in the aqueous layer, this would occur if the organic layer is sufficiently thick so that the rate of loss of water by evaporation exceeds the rate of replenishment due to mixing with the aqueous layer. This report presents measurements of mass transfer rates for the mixing of water and butanol in two-layer, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Physical processes in the region of laser conversion for the next Linear Colliders (NLC) are discussed. The main goal of this conversion is to obtain high-energy intense #gamma# beams for #gamma#e and #gamma##gamma# colliders. This conversion has important by-products: (i) one can observe here effect of nonlinear QED (in a strong external field)-production of e"+e"- pairs by a high-energy photon and emission of very high-energy photons by an electron; (ii) one can produce and observe here the invisible axion in colliding #gamma#_0e beams. The NQED effects also result in variation of the spectra of high-energy photons and an additional background. 12 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The short review of complete tree level calculations for three particle final states production at the future e"+e"-, #gamma#e and #gamma##gamma# colliders is presented. The results obtained with the help of CompHEP system for total cross sections and other characteristics of processes in the energy range 0.1-2 TeV are summarized and their comparison with the results of different approaches is discussed. In particular we are interested in the processes of W, Z and H boson production. The reactions under consideration are especially interesting in connection with probing of new couplings, searching for new particle signals and as an important backgrounds to these experiments. The main subjects described are basic reactions rates (sections 2,3), Higgs production in #gamma#e collisions (section 4), the possibilities of testing some four vector bosons interaction vertices and Higgs-fermion coupling (section 5), the process of ...

Science.gov (United States)

1. Gamma globulin metabolism and distribution were studied employing rabbit gamma globulin (RGG)I(131) 24 times in 13 control rabbits. Similar studies were performed before and during the ananmestic response in 4 rabbits previously sensitized with a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. 2. During the ananmestic response, gamma-globulin levels increased from 1.0 to 6.0 gm/100 ml, and the gamma-globulin pool increased from 0.7 to 4.7 gm/kg. There was no change in the intravascular-extravascular partition of gamma globulin. 3. Gamma globulin degradation increased from 0.06 to 0.33 gm/kg/day during the 28 days of the immunization period while gamma globulin synthesis increased even further to average 0.47 gm/kg/day. Following the attainment of elevated gamma globulin levels the fractional rate of RGG-I(131) turnover increased ...

CERN Document Server

We investigate the effect of anomalous gamma-W-W couplings in e-gamma --> nu W through the angular and energy spectrum of the secondary leptons. Within the narrow-width approximation, a semi-analytical study of the secondary lepton energy-angle double distribution is considered. Utility of observables derived from this is demonstrated by considering the anomalous coupling, delta-kappa-gamma. Results of our investigation for typical ILC machine considered at Ecm = 300-1000 GeV re-affirms potential of this collider as a precision machine.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

With the development of an array of highly-segmented germanium detectors, it now becomes possible to perform in-flight #gamma#-ray spectroscopy experiments on intermediate energy beams with unprecedented #gamma#-ray energy resolution. Presented in this report are examples of two techniques in which SeGA, the most highly-segmented operational germanium array for in-flight spectroscopy with fast beams, was used for the detection of #gamma# rays. SeGA used in conjunction with a high-resolution magnetic spectrograph (S800) to detect the reaction residues in coincidence represents a powerful combination for in-beam #gamma#-ray studies.

CERN Document Server

The notion of intuitionistic fuzzy set was introduced by Atanassov as a generalization of the notion of fuzzy set. In this paper we apply this concept of Atanassov to ideals, prime ideals and semiprime ideals of gamma semigroups in order to obtain some characterization theorems. We also introduce the notion of Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy ideal extension in a gamma semigroup and investigate some of their important properties. A regular gamma semigroup has been characterized in terms of Atanasov's intutionistic fuzzy ideal. Characterization of prime ideal of a gamma semigroup has also been obtained in terms of Atanassov's intutionistic fuzzy ideal extension.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this systematic examination of some of the spectroscopic properties of the f-elements we deal with both the trivalent lanthanides and actinides. We summarize the present status of our energy level calculations in single crystal matrices and in aqueous solution, and compare the predicted crystal-field structure in certain low-symmetry sites with that observed. Some interesting new structural insights are thereby gained. The state eigenvectors from these calculations are then used in part in reassessing and interpreting the intensities of transitions in aqueous solution via the Judd-Ofelt theory. The parameters of this theory derived from fitting experimental data are compared with those computed from model considerations. Finally, we discuss some recent contributions to the interpretation of excited state relaxation processes in aqueous solution. 79 references, 23 figures, 17 tables.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reactive chemical transport models developed over the past decade have generally relied on the assumption that local thermodynamic equilibrium is achieved at all times between aqueous species in a given system. Consequently, homogeneous aqueous systems characterized by a number of kinetically slow reactions, particularly problems involving organic species, cannot be satisfactorily modeled. In this study, we present a prototype computer model, KINETRAN, which is designed to handle kinetically-controlled homogeneous reactions in the aqueous phase, along with the transport of the various species involved, through geologic media. 31 refs., 53 figs., 10 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Extraction of hafnium by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (HL) in benzene, toluene, chloroform and tetrachloromethane from aqueous-alcoholic solutions of the formal acidity of 2M-HClO_4 was studied. Methyl, ethyl, n- and isopropyl, tert-butyl and allyl alcohol as well as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and propylene glycol were used as organic components of the mixed aqueous-organic phase. Their presence in some cases resulted in a synergic increase in the distribution ratio of hafnium. The increase is interpreted using the results of a slope analysis and measurements of the alcohol distribution and the relative permittivity of the organic phase. It is suggested that HfL_4 molecules were solvated by alcohol molecules in the organic phase. At high alcohol concentration synergism changed into antagonism. This was caused by changes in the distribution of HL and its interaction with the alcohol in the organic phase. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Dietary plant materials have attracted much attention because of their health benefits to humans. Acrylamide is found in various heated carbohydrate-rich foods. Our previous results showed that crude aqueous extracts from diverse dietary plants and some phenolic compounds could mitigate acrylamide formation in an asparagine-glucose model system. Based on our previous study, several plant materials were selected to further investigate their inhibitory effects on acrylamide formation in cookies and starch-based model systems. RESULTS: Addition of raw powders from selected dietary plants and their crude aqueous extracts could considerably reduce acrylamide formation in both cookie and potato starch-based models. Aqueous extracts of clove at 4% caused the largest reduction...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Coir pith (CP), an abundantly available lignocellulosic agricultural waste from the local coir industry has been found to be an effective biosorbent for removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Transition metal hexacyanoferrates, in particular nickel hexacyano ferrate (NiHCF) also referred to as Prussian blue analogue (PBA), is known to be highly selective for removal of cesium from aqueous solutions. A novel method for the synthesis of PBA inside the porous matrix of coir pith and use of this composite material for the sorption of cesium is described in this paper. Equilibrium experiments showed that the sorption capacity of coir pith nearly doubled due to the modification. Owing to its low cost and rapid sorption kinetics, this hybrid material seems to be one of the most promising compounds for the recovery of cesium from liquid nuclear wastes. (author)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Breast cancer is a leading cause of female deaths worldwide. In Malaysia, it is the most common form of female cancer while Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common form of breast cancer....Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Finely divided ash-containing coal is immersed in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or citric acid, and acidic ammonium fluoride to cause the ash to react with the acid and the acidic ammonium fluoride, and the deashed coal is thereafter separated from the solution.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Effects of physical environment on plasma membrane semipermeability and osmotic induction of changes in aqueous cytoplasmic volume were studied in vegetative and spore cells of a plant pathogenic fungus,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Despite prolonged scientific efforts to unravel the hydration structures of ions in water, many open questions remain, in particular concerning the existences and structures of ion clusters in 1∶1...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Portuguese 2005 [1 p.] Brazil Rebello, BM Moreno, SRF Costa, RF

Science.gov (United States)

A device for reducing the muzzle blast and flash from large caliber guns is disclosed. A container having a plurality of internal chambers and baffle plates filled with an aqueous foam is mounted to the muzzle of the gun barrel. The foam and chambers co-o...

Science.gov (United States)

A cartridge case is made by making up an aqueous slurry of cellulosic fibers, forming the fibers into a mat and molding the mat or preform into final shape by use of a die at up to 165 degrees F.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A stain of 0.1% toluidine blue in a 1.0% aqueous solution of triethylene glycol followed by decolorization with acid-alcohol resulted in mycobacteria retaining the stain (violet), whereas non-acid-fast...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This patent describes a delayed acrylamide containing polymer crosslinker having stability in an aqueous solution at high temperatures. It comprises: a combination of an aldehyde and a salicylic acid derivative selected from salicylamide and acetysalicylic acid.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The adhesive proteins secreted by marine mussels form a natural glue that cures rapidly to form strong and durable bonds in aqueous environments. These mussel adhesive proteins contain an unusual...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The future e{sup +}e{sup -} linear colliders can also operate in the e{gamma} or {gamma}{gamma} modes. In the context of the top-color assisted technicolor (TC2) model, we study the single charged top-pion production process {gamma}{gamma} {yields} tb-bar{pi}{sub t}{sup -}. The results show that the production rates can reach the level of tens fb with reasonable parameter values. So one can expect that enough signals could be produced in future high-energy linear collider experiments. Furthermore, the flavor-changing (FC) decay mode {pi}{sub t}{sup -} {yields} bc-bar is the best channel to detect the charged top pion due to the clean standard model background. With a large number of events and the clean background, the charged top pion should be observable at future linear colliders operating in {gamma}{gamma} mode at the TeV energy scale.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The O(#alpha#) electroweak radiative corrections to #gamma##gamma##->#WW#->#4f within the electroweak standard model are calculated in double-pole approximation (DPA). Virtual corrections are treated in DPA, leading to a classification into factorizable and non-factorizable contributions, and real-photonic corrections are based on complete lowest-order matrix elements for #gamma##gamma##->#4f+#gamma#. Soft and collinear singularities appearing in the virtual and real corrections are combined alternatively in two different ways, namely by using the dipole subtraction method or by applying phase-space slicing. The radiative corrections are implemented in a Monte Carlo generator called Coffer #gamma##gamma# - the computer code can be obtained from the authors upon request - which optionally includes anomalous triple and quartic gauge-boson couplings in addition and performs a convolution over ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this report, I surveyed physics potential of the {gamma}{gamma} option of a linear e{sup +}e{sup -} collider with the following questions in mind: What new discovery can be expected at a {gamma}{gamma} collider in addition to what will be learned at its 'parent' e{sup +}e{sup -} linear collider? By taking account of the hard energy spectrum and polarization of colliding photons, produced by Compton back-scattering of laser light off incoming e{sup -} beams, we find that a {gamma}{gamma} collider is most powerful when new physics appears in the neutral spin-zero channel at an invariant mass below about 80% of the c.m. energy of the colliding e{sup -}e{sup -} system. If a light Higgs boson exists, its properties can be studied in detail, and if its heavier partners or a heavy Higgs boson exists in the above mass range, they may be discovered at a {gamma}{gamma} collider. CP property ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Solution and dilution enthalpies of aqueous solutions of potassium diclofenac salt (K_DC) were measured by an isoperibolic calorimeter at 298.15 and 318.5?K. Heat capacities of the solutions with concentrations 0.002?0.09?mol?kg?1 were obtained at the temperature interval of 288.15?318.15?K using a scanning adiabatic microcalorimeter. The virial coefficients were derived from Pitzer?s model, and the excess thermodynamic functions of both the solvent and the solute of the solution were calculated. The concentration and temperature dependencies of thermodynamic characteristics of the solution were analyzed and discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The adsorptive removal of boron from aqueous solution by using the neutralized red mud was studied in batch equilibration technique. The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial boron concentration and contact time on the adsorption were investigated. The experiments demonstrated that boron removal was of a little fluctuation in pH range of 2-7 and it takes 20 min to attain equilibrium. The adsorption data was analyzed using the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models and it was found that the Freundlich isotherm model represented the measured sorption data well.

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In order to remove ash from coal, it is introduced into an aqueous ash removal solution, which contains nitric acid or citric acid and ammonium hydrogen fluoride. The coal without ash is then separated from the aqueous solution. According to the process, either finely ground coal is introduced into the ash removel solution or the coal with the solution is ground in a wet pulveriser.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The solvation properties of a chlorine ion in small water clusters are investigated using state-of-the-art statistical mechanics. The simulations employ the polarizable water model developed recently by Dang [J. Chem. Phys. [bold 97], 2659 (1992)]. The ion--water interaction potentials are defined such that the successive binding energies for the ionic clusters, and the solvation enthalpy, bulk vertical binding energy, and structural properties of the aqueous solution agree with the best available results obtained from experiments. Simulated vertical electron binding energies of the ionic clusters Cl[sup [minus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A thermodynamic model was used to estimate enthalpy of solution of carbon dioxide (CO_2) in methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) aqueous solutions. The model was based on a set of equations for chemical equilibria, phase equilibria, charge, and mass balances. Non-ideality in the liquid phase was taken into account by interaction parameters fitted to (vapor + liquid) equilibrium data. The enthalpies of solution of CO_2 were derived from the model using classical thermodynamic relations and were compared to experimental values obtained in previous works.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The stability constant values of Pa(V) with some complexing ligands (chloride, sulfate and oxalate) are graphically determined using solvent extraction data. The organic phase was at constant composition of HTTA in benzene while the aqueous phase was held at constant hydrogen ion concentration and ionic strength of 3. The curve-fitting method was adopted throughout this investigation, giving the following values. The stability constants obtained are used to calculate the distribution of the different Pa (V) species in the corresponding aqueous phase (expressed in mole fraction) as a function of ligand ion concentration.

Science.gov (United States)

Mild steel samples were studied by chronoamperometry in sodium sulfide (Na[sub 2]S) aqueous solution. Pit nucleation and growth also were monitored by optical microscopy. The influence of variables such as temperature, polarization potential, surface roughness, the presence of electrochemically generated oxide layers, and the simultaneous presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH) was studied. The influence of each parameter on pit shape and growth was reviewed. Different reactions and competitive processes were proposed based on the experimental results.

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This patent describes an aqueous clay containing drilling fluid having present in an amount sufficient to reduce fluid loss of the drilling fluid, a copolymer of (1) from about 80% to about 98% by weight of acrylic acid and (2) from about 2% to about 20% by weight of itaconic acid. The copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of between about 50,000 to about 1,000,000, being in its free acid or partially or completely neutralized salt form and being at least water dispersible.

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The energy and intensity of gamma rays as seen in thermal neutron capture are presented. Only those (n,..cap alpha..), E = thermal, reactions for which the residual nucleus mass number is greater than or equal to 45 are included. These correspond to evaluations published in Nuclear Data Sheets. The publication source data are contained in the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF). The data presented here do not involve any additional evaluation. Appendix I lists all the residual nuclides for which the data are included here. Appendix II gives a cumulated index to A-chain evaluations including the year of publication. The capture gamma ray data are given in two tables - the Table 1 is the list of all gamma rays seen in (n,..gamma..) reaction given in the order of increasing energy; the Table II lists the gamma rays according to the nuclide.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present the effects of heavy CP-even (H) and CP-odd (A) Higgs bosons on the production cross section of the process #gamma##gamma##->#tt at the energy around the mass poles of the Higgs bosons. It is found that interference between H and A with small mass gap, as well as the ones between Higgs bosons and continuum, contributes to the cross section, if the photon beams are polarized and if we observe the helicity of the top quarks. It is demonstrated in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model that the H and A contributions can be sizable at future #gamma##gamma# colliders for small values of tan #beta#. The methods to measure the CP-parity of the Higgs boson are also presented. The statistical significance of detecting the Higgs signals and measuring the Higgs CP-parity is evaluated. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The resonant scattering of bremsstrahlung #gamma#-rays by a SrCO_3 target has been studied for #gamma#-ray energies of 5-11 MeV. Six #gamma#-transitions of energies between 6-8 MeV, which indicate six resonant states in "8"8Sr, were observed. The relative intensities of the resonantly scattered #gamma#-rays at 125 and 150"0 were found to be compatible only with the assignment of spin 1 to the six states. Radiative widths of the resonant states were deduced. The possibility that these states are components of the giant M1 resonance in "8"8Sr is discussed. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One of the main challenges for a high energy {gamma}{gamma} collider is the high repetition rate required for the laser-electron-beam collisions to convert into high energy gamma beams. State-of-the-art, high power lasers have a much lower repetition rate than that of the electron pulses. It is therefore highly desirable that the same laser pulse can be reused. As an example, for NLC where beams collide at 120 Hz, within each collision cycle there are 90 electron bunches separated by 1.4 ns between successive bunches. We show, by invoking a recently invented laser optical box, that the laser pulses can be reused for the entire train of bunches within each collision cycle. ((orig.)).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Higgs mediated flavor violating electromagnetic interactions, induced at the one-loop level by a nondiagonal Hf_if_j vertex, with f_i and f_j charged leptons or quarks, are studied within the context of a completely general effective Yukawa sector that comprises SU_L(2)xU_Y(1)-invariant operators of up to dimension-six. Exact formulae for the one-loop #gamma#f_if_j and #gamma##gamma#f_if_j couplings are presented and their related processes used to study the phenomena of Higgs mediated lepton flavor violation. The experimental limit on the #mu##->#e#gamma# decay is used to derive a bound on the branching ratio of the #mu##->#e#gamma##gamma# transition, which is 6 orders of magnitude stronger than the current experimental limit. Previous results on the #tau##->##mu##gamma# and #tau##->##mu##gamma##gamma# decays are reproduced. The possibility of ...

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The absolute cross section of the [sup 3]He([ital n],[gamma])[sup 4]He reaction was measured at five energies between [ital E][sub [ital n

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To study CdZnTe as a high energy resolution gamma ray detector with a novel new design, and to build a detector array from the new detector design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We study double Higgs boson production at future linear colliders while paying special attention to the option of high-energy and high-luminosity photon beams. The main purpose is to examine the feasibility of e"+e"-, #gamma#e, and #gamma##gamma# colliders in order to establish bounds on the value of triple Higgs coupling, which could be crucial for understanding a spontaneous breaking mechanism. We consider mainly those cases of light and intermediate Higgs bosons, including an analysis of the electroweak backgrounds. The mass range M_H#approx#M_Z is discussed separately. It is shown that for a light Higgs boson the H"3 coupling can be visible, even at a future linear e"+e"- collider at 500 GeV. For an intermediate Higgs boson, a collider with TeV energies is suitable for investigations. We estimate the bounds on the anomalous H"3 coupling which can be experimentally established at future linear colliders. copyright 1996 The American Physical ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

I review the physics prospects for high energy photon photon colliders, emphasizing results presented at the LBL Gamma Gamma Collider Workshop. Advantages and difficulties are reported for studies of QCD, the electroweak gauge sector, supersymmetry, and electroweak symmetry breaking. ((orig.)).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

I review the physics prospects for high energy photon photon colliders, emphasizing results presented at the LBL Gamma Gamma Collider Workshop. Advantages and difficulties are reported for studies of QCD, the electroweak gauge sector, supersymmetry, and electroweak symmetry breaking. ((orig.)).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We summarize some initial results in our investigation of the nuclear physics issues of gamma-ray lasers. We describe what is known thus far from existing experimental data and illustrate how theoretical models may be employed for systematic searches of candidate nuclei.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Detailed level and decay schemes and the experimental reaction and decay data on which they are based are presented for nuclei with mass number A = 242; the experimental data are evaluated. Adopted values for level and #gamma#-ray energies, #gamma#-intensities, as well as other nuclear properties are given.

CERN Document Server

We present the complete next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to the top quark associated with $\\gamma$ production induced by model-independent $tq\\gamma$ and $tqg$ flavor-changing neutral-current (FCNC) couplings at hadron colliders, respectively. We also consider the mixing effects between the $tq\\gamma$ and $tqg$ FCNC couplings for this process. Our results show that, for the $tq\\gamma$ couplings, the NLO QCD corrections can enhance the total cross sections by about 50% and 40% at the Tevatron and LHC, respectively. Including the contributions from the $tq\\gamma$, $tqg$ FCNC couplings and their mixing effects, the NLO QCD corrections can enhance the total cross sections by about 50% for the $tu\\gamma$ and $tug$ FCNC couplings, and by about the 80% for the $tc\\gamma$ and $tcg$ FCNC couplings at the LHC, respectively. Moreover, ...

Science.gov (United States)

The NS together with a gamma ray sensor make up the Gamma- Ray and ... A simplified view of the interactions between incoming cosmic rays and the .... held in Huntsville, Alabama, at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center on January 2830. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In 1959, the Test Manager's Committee to Establish Fallout Doses calculated estimated external gamma exposure at populated locations based upon measurements of external gamma-exposure rate. Using these calculations and estimates of population, we have tabulated the collective estimated external gamma exposures for communities within established fallout patterns. The total collective estimated external gamma exposure is 85,000 person-R. The greatest collective exposures occurred in three general areas: Saint George, Utah; Ely, Nevada; and Las Vegas, Nevada. Three events, HARRY (May 19, 1953), BEE (March 22, 1955), and SMOKY (August 31, 1957), accounted for over half of the total collective estimated external gamma exposure. The bases of the calculational models for external gamma exposure of ''infinite exposure,'' ...

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The motivation, feasibility and potential for two unconventional collider concepts - the Gamma-Gamma Collider and the Muon Collider - are described. The importance of the development of associated technologies such as high average power, high repetition rate lasers and ultrafast phase-space techniques are outlined.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neutron diffraction was used to monitor elastic strains during in situ tension testing of a directionally solidified (DS) superalloy at 900 deg. C. Changes in misfit and thermal expansion coefficients of individual phases were obtained. In the {gamma} phase, it is demonstrated that elastic strains saturate at 350 MPa, which is well below the yield strength of the alloy. This is interpreted as the onset of dislocation glide through less stressed vertical channels. The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of {gamma} is found to be 143 {+-} 11 MPa, in agreement with a calculated CRSS that is dominated by Orowan bowing of dislocations through nanoscale-wide {gamma} channels. This provides confirmation of Orowan bowing in plasticity/creep of the {gamma} phase. Implications of CRSS and misfit in a 'threshold stress' for creep and rafting are discussed. The CRSS of ...

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In nuclear fuel with a burn-up of 33 kg/t U and 52 kg/t U 15 transuranium nuclides /sup 237/Np to /sup 246/Cm have been determined by alpha and gamma spectroscopy after radiochemical separation.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We review some interesting virtual effects from the minimal supersymmetric model (MSSM) at {gamma}{gamma} colliders. We conclude that in the research respects, such as supersymmetric particle pair production, CP-violation and electroweak-like one-loop corrections in top quark pair production, the FCNC in the R{sub p}-violating MSSM, linear collider (LC) operating in photon-photon collision mode provides powerful facilities in the measurements of new physics objects. For a precise and thorough study of the new physics, the investigation of the supersymmetric quantum effects is necessary. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... states gamma radiation mev range 01-10 photonuclear reactions polarization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Some aspects of metrological provision of X-ray radiometric analyzers for mineral raw composition and gamma-gamma-logging equipment are considered. Standard samples (SS) based on the phenol-formaldehyde resin with the introduced quantities calculated of element compositions in the form of oxides and salts are described. Principles of metrological provision developed are used when carrying out state acceptance tests of X-ray radiometric analyzer RAL-M-102 ''Ehkran'' and gamma-gamma-logging equipmnt RSK-102. Economic benefit from introduction of an SS set is #approx# 60-100 thousand roubles per year.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(1981). United States Blair, TR Exxon Nucl, Richland, WA 99352

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The heavy Higgs bosons H,A of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model can be produced as resonances in high-energy {gamma}{gamma} colliders. Prospects of the search for these particles in bb-bar and neutralino-pair final states are studied in this report. Heavy Higgs bosons can be found with masses up to about 70-80% of the initial e{sup +}e{sup -} collider energy for moderate values of tan {beta}, i.e. in areas of the parameter space not accessible at other colliders.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We study heavy physics effects on the Higgs production in {gamma}{gamma} fusion using the effective Lagrangian approach. We find that the effects coming from new physics may enhance the standard model predictions for the number of events expected in the final states {bar {ital b}}{ital b}, {ital WW}, and {ital ZZ} up to one order of magnitude, whereas the corresponding number of events for the final state {bar {ital t}}{ital t} may be enhanced up to two orders of magnitude. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... activation analysis gamma spectra mev range molybdenum molybdenum ores

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... beam monitoring betatrons delay circuits errors fluctuations gamma radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... 67 gamma detection hafnium 180 half-life indium 111 iodine 125 iodine 131

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Most general tbW couplings were investigated in the process {gamma}{gamma} {yields} tt-bar {yields} l{sup {+-}}X for unpolarized photon beams. The double angular and energy distribution of the lepton was calculated and an optimal-observable analysis on it was carried out for the SM tt-bar production mechanism. It was also shown that the leptonic angular distribution is insensitive to non-standard tbW vertex. That means that observation of non-standard effects indicates existence of some new physics in the production part.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bulgarian (1973). Bulgaria Yankov, I. Sumrov, I. Stefanova, M. v.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... charges energy levels gamma spectra half-life isomeric nuclei kev range

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An investigation of the Ll x-#gamma# angular correlations following the decay of "2"0"7Bi is done by using a Si(Li) semiconductor counter as L x-ray detector. Coincidence measurements at five different angles were made between the 570-keV #gamma# ray (gated in the movable counter) and the Ll x spectrum (displayed in a multichannel analyzer).

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The beams in electron linear colliders can be converted to nearly monochromatic photon beams by means of Compton backscattering of laser photons. The electron beams must then be diverted from the interaction point by some means, the best of which seems to be a plasma lens. This paper describes the constraints on the plasma lens in this application and shows how the ablation of solid hydrogen pellets might be able to produce plasmas to satisfy these constraints. ((orig.)).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It seems to be very natural that whole program for constructing and exploring of linear colliders (including photon colliders as the substantial part) should be divided by stages according to the increasing beam energy. We discuss the main stages of this program and the set of physical problems for each stage photon colliders. ((orig.)).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper presents the results obtained in the gamma scanning of two fuel pins from the bent subassembly of the fast breeder test reactor (FBTR) using a segmented gamma scanning system employing segment correlation developed for the assay of glove box solid waste. In addition to the actinide profiles, the paper also discusses the fission products and clad activation product profiles and tries to correlate the experimental values of the latter with computed values. (author). 4 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This article introduces the composition, monitoring methods and working principles of environmental #gamma# dose rate continuous monitoring system at Guangdong Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station. The #gamma# dose rate monitoring status after modification of measurement conditions is introduced too.

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The crabbing of an incident photon beam from a laser, and the electron beam with which it interacts at the conversion point, is shown to have the same efficiency as in head-on Compton scattering, but with the advantages of a crossing geometry. The resulting {gamma}-ray beam is also crabbed, which allows for a crossing collision point, while maintaining the luminosity at the same value it would have in a head-on collision. ((orig.)).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In Pseudomonas paucimobilis UT26, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) is converted to 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol (2,5-DDOL), which is then metabolized to 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone....Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

We compute the limiting distribution, as n approaches infinity, of the number of cycles of length between gamma n and delta n in a permutation of [n] chosen uniformly at random, for constants gamma, delta such that 1/(k+1) <= gamma < delta <= 1/k for some integer k. This distribution is supported on {0, 1, ... k} and has 0th, 1st, ..., kth moments equal to those of a Poisson distribution with parameter log (delta/gamma). For more general choices of gamma, delta we show that such a limiting distribution exists, which can be given explicitly in terms of certain integrals over intersections of hypercubes with half-spaces; these integrals are analytically intractable but a recurrence specifying them can be given. The results herein provide a basis of comparison for similar statistics on restricted classes of permutations.

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Measurements of neutron and gamma-ray penetrations in an iron shield were performed up to a 60-cm depth in a tightly coupled source shield configuration with the fast-neutron reactor YAYOI as a source. Rates of neutron reactions and gamma-ray dose rates in the iron shield were obtained using activation foils and thermoluminescent dosimeters. Analyses of the experiments were made by using the DOT-III code with coupled neutron and gamma-ray cross sections from ENDF/B-IV and POPOP4 libraries. To obtain the source condition for the iron shield analyses, the calculated spectrum was adjusted to the measured reaction rates at the reactor shield boundary. The calculated neutron and gamma-ray distributions in the iron shield show fairly good agreement with the experiments. The effect of difference in Bondarenko-type self-shielding factors on the analyses of the iron shield is also shown.

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We construct the time-dependent radiation model for the pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), assuming that leptons are accelerated in resonant scattering with heavy nuclei, which are injected into the nebula by the pulsar. The equilibrium spectra of these particles inside the nebula are calculated taking into account their radiation and adiabatic energy losses. The spectra of {gamma}-rays produced by these particles are compared with the observations of the PWNe emitting TeV {gamma}-rays and predictions are made for the expected {gamma}-ray fluxes from other PWNe. Expected neutrino fluxes and neutrino event rates in a 1 km{sup 2} neutrino detector from these nebulae are also calculated. It is concluded that only the Crab Nebula can produce a detectable neutrino event rate in the 1 km{sup 2} neutrino detector. Other PWNe can emit TeV {gamma}-rays on the level of a few percent of that observed from the Crab ...

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An easy and simple method for gamma assay of large multi-gamma lines samples was introduced in this work. This method performs the assay using point source calibration. The correction factors for volume and self-attenuation are experimentally deduced from the spectra of different thicknesses samples utilizing the following two simple well known facts: large and small samples of the same homogenous material have identical specific activities; the self-attenuation of gamma line decreases as its energy increases. The method was successfully applied to naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) large samples. This method does not require complicated mathematical procedures. Neither sample matrix data nor detector unit composition is needed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An easy and simple method for gamma assay of large multi gamma lines samples was introduced in this work. This method performs the assay using point source calibration. The correction factors for volume and self-attenuation are experimentally deduced from the spectra of different thicknesses samples utilizing the following tow simple well known facts: Large and small samples of the same homogenous material have identical activities; the self attenuation of gamma line decreases as its energy increases. The method was successfully applied to NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) large samples. This method doesn't require complicated mathematical procedures. Neither sample matrix data nor detector unit composition is needed. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A complete code based on the finite element method (FEM) is used to study the attenuation of gamma rays, of source energy 9 MeV, in simple homogeneous lead and water systems. The results are compared, in tables and graphs, with those produced by a Monte Carlo method of solution. In the comparison, particular attention is paid to the annihilation gamma rays generated by the pair production process, to energy deposition, and to the leakage spectra. A model, multilayer, slab shield, having a fission neutron source impinging on the left-hand face, is also solved by the FEM code, using data from a coupled neutron/gamma ray cross section library. The resulting neutron and gamma ray flux distributions, and the leakage spectra, are shown graphically. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The thiazolidinedione (TZD) or glitazone class of peroxisome proliferator-activated-#gamma# (PPAR-#gamma#) ligands not only induce adipocyte differentiation and increase insulin sensitivity, but also exert growth inhibitory effects on several carcinoma cell lines in vitro as well as in vivo. In the current study the in vitro effect of four PPAR-#gamma# agonists (ciglitazone, pioglitazone, troglitazone, rosiglitazone) on the cell growth of seven human neuroblastoma cell lines (Kelly, LAN-1, LAN-5, LS, IMR-32, SK-N-SH, SH-SY5Y) was investigated. Growth rates were assessed by a colorimetric XTT-based assay kit. Expression of PPAR-#gamma# protein was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. All glitazones inhibited in vitro growth and viability of the human neuroblastoma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner showing considerable effects only at high concentrations (10 #mu#M and 100 ...

CERN Document Server

2009 has been an extraordinary year for gamma-ray pulsar astronomy and 2010 promises to be equally good. Not only have we registered an extraordinary increase in the number of pulsars detected in gamma rays, but we have also witnessed the birth of new sub-families: first of all, the radio-quiet gamma pulsars and later an ever growing number of millisecond pulsars, a real surprise. We started with a sample of 7 gamma-ray emitting neutron stars (6 radio pulsars and Geminga) and now the Fermi-LAT harvest encompasses 24 "Geminga-like" new gamma-ray pulsars, a dozen millisecond pulsars and about thirty radio pulsars. Moreover, radio searches targeted to LAT unidentified sources yielded 18 new radio millisecond pulsars, several of which have been already detected also in gamma rays. Thus, currently the family of gamma-ray emitting neutron stars ...

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Yet designed to measure charged component of the cosmic rays, the foreseen Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) could also release {gamma}-ray studies, in the energy range from GeV to TeV, using the tracker system, for {gamma}-rays converted in e{sup +}e{sup -} pair, and the electromagnetic calorimeter. In the first part of the thesis are described the calibrations and the performances of the engineering model of the calorimeter, obtained from the analysis of data taken during a test-beam performed at CERN in July 2002. In the second part of the thesis, the AMS-02 discovery potential for {gamma}-astrophysics is presented. While exposure maps of the {gamma}--sky are computed for one year of data taking with the {gamma}--detectors, the acceptance of the calorimeter is obtained from Monte-Carlo simulations. The AMS-02 potential is then estimated for signals from the Vela pulsar and for ...

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A future e{sup -}-e{sup +} (electron-positron) linear collider can be configured with perhaps minimal modification to serve as an {gamma}-{gamma} (gamma-gamma) or a e{sup -}-{gamma} collider. This is accomplished by Compton-backscattering low energy photons (from a laser source) off of the high-energy electron beams prior to the crossing of the electron beams. However, to be competitive with the e{sup -}-e{sup +} configuration, the luminosity cannot be compromised in the process. This requires that the laser source deliver a sufficient number of photons per pulse with a pulse format and rate matching that of the electron beams. As it turns out, this requires an average optical power of 5-15 kW from the laser which is beyond the current state of the art. In this paper, we address how to generate the required pulse format and how the high average power requirement can be met with conventional laser technology. We also address ...

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The proton beam has an advantage of the sharp dose falloff in dose distribution called Bragg peak while conventional radiation therapy modalities such as photons exhibit considerable amount of exit dose. To take advantage of this property it is important to know the exact location of the distal dose falloff. An error can cause overdose to the normal tissue or underdose to the tumor volume. The only way of finding out the dose distribution in-situ in particle therapy is to measure the gammas produced by nuclear reactions with tissue materials. Two kinds of gammas can be used: one is prompt gamma and the other is coincident gamma from the positron-emission isotopes. We chose to detect prompt gammas, and developed a prompt gamma scanning system (PGS). The proton beams of the proton therapy facility at National Cancer Center were used. The gamma ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution by magnetic nanoparticles prepared and impregnated onto tea waste (Fe3O4-TW) from agriculture biomass was investigated. Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared by chemical precipitation of a Fe^2^+ and Fe^3^+ salts from aqueous solution by ammonia solution. These magnetic nanoparticles of the adsorbent Fe3O4 were characterized by surface area (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The effects of various parameters, such as contact time, pH, concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature were studied. The kinetics followed is first order in nature, and the value of rate constant was found to be 1.90x10^-^2min^-^1 at 100mgL^-^1 and 303K. Removal ef...

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This project will determine whether electrolytic dialysis has promise in the separation of charged particles in an aqueous solution. The ability to selectively move ions from one aqueous solution to another through a semipermeable membrane will be studied as a function of emf, amperage, and particle electrical charge. The ions selected for the study are Cl{sup -} and SO{sub 4}{sup 2-}. These ions are of particular interest because of their electrical conduction properties in aqueous solution resulting with their association with the corrosive action of metals. The studies will be performed with commercial membranes on solutions prepared in the laboratory from reagent salts. pH adjustments will be made with dilute reagent acid and base. Specific objectives of the project include testing a selected membrane currently available for electrolytic dialysis, membrane resistance to extreme pH conditions, the effectiveness of ...

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Benz(a)pyrene (BP) levels in extracts and solvent cake obtained by alcoholic and aqueous extraction of specimens of 20 different medicinal plants were measured to explore into the possibility of its passage from these plants to drugs. Seventy percent alcoholic extracts were found to contain 40-60% of BP passed from raw material, while aqueous extracts--2-3% (in some cases 10-14%). Maximal concentrations of BP in alcoholic extracts were 0.6-0.7 micrograms/1 and 0.03-0.04 micrograms/1--in aqueous ones. A significant correlation between BP level in extracts and its content in plants was established. BP pathways in the course of solasodine manufacturing from nightshade (Solanum lacinatum) were studied. As little as 1% of BP passed to extract after primary extraction in 2%--sulfuric acid. Solasodine contained about 3 micrograms/kg of BP.

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This report provides a user's manual for PROTOCOL, a comprehensive coupled kinetic/equilibrium computer program for analyzing the dissolution reactions of solids with aqueous solutions, specifically applied to the potential corrosion of vitrified nuclear waste by groundwater. The capabilities and available options are summarized as well as instructions for setting up and running problems. Also described in this report and included in the PROTOCOL software package are MASTER, a master file of species thermodynamic data, MANEQL, a preprocessor program and POSTP, a postprocessor. POSTP provides offline plotting using the CRAY-1 DISSPLA 9.0 graphics library. PROTOCOL is operational on the CDC-7600 and CRAY-1 computers at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. 7 references, 10 figures, 2 tables.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effect of ion implantation on the aqueous corrosion resistance of Zr-4 in deaerated 1N H_2SO_4 was studied with the potentiokinetic technique. The Zr-4 alloy was bombarded with 5x10"1"4-2x10"1"6 Ar/cm"2 of 190 keV. It was found that the passive current density of Zr-4 decreases with increasing implantation dose. Photoelectrochemical results show that the ion implantation of Ar in Zr-4 raises the flatband potential of its passive film. AES was employed to analyze the surface of the passive film of Zr-4. The decrease in passive current density may be attributed to a thickening oxide layer on Zr-4 and a decrease in concentration of oxygen vacancies in its passive film. ((orig.)).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The potential of waste seashells powder, as a new adsorbent for Brilliant Red HE-3B reactive dye removal from aqueous solutions, was examined by the batch technique. The Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium sorption data and to determine the corresponding isotherm constants. The values of the thermodynamic parameters, ?G, ?H, and ?S, indicate that the sorption of reactive dye is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The kinetic data evaluated by pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models suggested that the sorption of reactive dye onto seashell is a complex process and both surface sorption and intraparticle diffusion contributes to the rate limiting step.

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The effect of counter-ion species on the local conformation of fully-charged poly(L-glutamate) in added-salt aqueous solutions were studied by small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS). In the case of presence of monovalent counter-ion, the scattering behaviour could be explained by taking into consideration the excluded volume effect and intermolecular-interface interaction on the scattering function of wormlike chain. On the other hand, since SAXS profile of the solution in the presence of divalent counter-ion well fitted to the scattering function of dendrimer, it suggested that the conformation of polymer chain in such solution would be more compact conformation than that of presence of monovalent ion.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The removal of color from aquatic systems caused by presence of synthetic dyes is extremely important from the environmental viewpoint because most of these dyes are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. In this present study, the yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Degener) peel a powdered solid waste, was tested as an alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of a basic dye, methylene blue (MB), from aqueous solutions. Adsorption of MB onto this natural adsorbent was studied by batch adsorption isotherms at room temperature. The effects of shaking time and pH on adsorption capacity were studied. An alkaline pH was favorable for the adsorption of MB. The contact time required to obtain the maximum adsorption was 56h at 25degreeC. Yellow passion fruit peel may be ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The behavior of Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, and other actinides, as well as Zr, on anion and cation exchangers in aqueous and water-ethanol solutions of sulfuric acid as a function of the various components of the solution has been investigated. It has been discovered that the presence of ethanol in sulfuric acid solutions causes an increase in the distribution coefficients both on cation exchangers and on anion exchangers. The possibility of the use of ion exchangers for the preconcentration and separation of transplutonium elements from U, Np, Pu, Zr, and other elements which form strong complexes with sulfate ions over a broad range of concentrations of sulfuric acid has been demonstrated.

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Photodestruction has received much attention in recent years. In particular, titanium dioxide (TiO{sub 2}) and ozonolysis have attained a position of prominence. These technologies hold promise for the destruction of trace amounts of aqueous high explosives that are generated by load and pack operations, as well as demilitarization activities. Currently this water is treated by passing through a bed of activated carbon. The carbon is then steam regenerated and reused, thus creating a second waste stream which must be disposed of, or the carbon is burned directly. Recent trends in environmental regulation have shown that this may not be a viable option for process water remediation in the future. This talk will discuss efforts to employ alternate aqueous treatment techniques that not only remove the explosives compounds but are able to transform the parent compound into carbon dioxide and water. Titanium dioxide photocatalysis as well as ...