Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poland intends to construct 2,000 MW of wind power systems during the next four years. This is the start of the Polish wind power industry. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Polskiego Towarzystwa Fizycznego (Poland) Polskie Towarzystwo Fizyczne;

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Poland's anomaly is an uncommon congenital aberration of the chest wall characterized by absence of the pectoralis major muscle and other nearby musculoskeletal components. In this series, a wide spectrum...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Jaszowiec (Poland). 17-23 Sep 1995. Institute of Atomic Energy, Swierk (Poland).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

English 2000 p. 213-214 Poland Ivanov, VV Klopovsky, KS Popov,

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998 p. 79 Poland Bandurski, T. Skokowski, J. Mizan-Gross, K. Romanowicz,

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004 p. 79-80 Poland Jastrzebski, T. Klinika Chirurgii Onkologicznej, Akademia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(1971). Poland Gej, B. Szkola Glowna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, Warsaw

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The changed political situation and recognition of the acute destruction of the natural environment in Poland have caused a series of actions aimed at preventing further deterioration of Polish environment. One of the most important events which took place in the last few years was the enactment by the Polish Parliament in May 1991 of the Act on the National Ecological Policy. The basic assumption of the new environmental policy is a declaration that sustainable development will in future direct economic development in Poland. The aim of the presented paper is to introduce existing policy of air protection and instruments which have been implemented to protect the air. Special attention is paid to legislation instruments, introduction and enforcement of proper economic mechanisms strengthening air protection and foreign policy aiming at increasing foreign assistance for this objective. Pollutants involved include sulfur dioxide, nitrogen ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Technology; Warsaw (Poland) 978-83-909690-8-4 221 p. RADIOLOGY AND

CERN Document Server

In this study we consider relations between companies in Poland taking into account common branches they belong to. It is clear that companies belonging to the same branch compete for similar customers, so the market induces correlations between them. On the other hand two branches can be related by companies acting in both of them. To remove weak, accidental links we shall use a concept of threshold filtering for weighted networks where a link weight corresponds to a number of existing connections (common companies or branches) between a pair of nodes.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper presents the results of radon concentration measurements in dwelling houses in Poland's northeastern region. The investigations were carried out using PICO-RAD carbon detectors. The results from 412 measurements ranged from 4 to 1300 Bq m{sup -3}. In the inhabited parts of houses the respective values were: arithmetical mean =25 Bq m{sup -3}, geometrical mean =17 Bq m{sup -3} and median =16 Bq m{sup -3}. In the basements these values were 76, 36 and 32 Bq m{sup -3}, respectively. By taking into account the population density and the mean radon concentration in the inhabited part of the houses, the mean annual dose equivalent from radon was estimated to be 0{center_dot}63 mSv for the northeastern region of Poland. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Energy consumption of black coal mines in Poland and methods for energy conservation are evaluated. Organizational models of energy management in underground coal mining are discussed. Tasks for dispatcher service for energy consumption control in a coal mine are analyzed: control of energy supplies, control of energy consumption, evaluation of electrical failures and reliability of protection systems, recording accidents and analyzing their causes, optimization of power systems in underground mines. Problems associated with control of energy consumption in a coal mine with mechanized systems for coal mining and use of computerized control systems are discussed. Recommendations for reucing energy consumption in underground coal mining are made. 4 references.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A number of diagnostic X-ray units in Poland were subjected to analysis. The air kerma on X-ray tables was measured for the X-ray parameters used routinely during lumbo-sacral spine radiography of standard adult patient. Measurements of air kerma were performed using TLD made of lithium-fluoride. The doses received by patients in different X-ray departments can differ more than two orders of magnitude (from 0.42 mGy up to 72.11 mGy), for the same X-ray examination. The dose can be significantly reduced if fluorescent screens made from components of rare earth are used. (author). 10 refs, 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The numerical modelling of gravity changes resulting from the simultaneous effects of mass relocation and rock deformation is described. The method is supported by FEMMA (Finite Element Method for Multipurpose Applications) software, and has been used for modelling expected gravity changes in a large open pit coal mine in Poland. The results are in good agreement with conventional calculations of gravity changes for a simple geometry of relocated mass. 10 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The main aims of the study were: 1) the evaluation of iron and zinc status in women of Lodz aged 18-45 years, 2) adaptation of the whole body counter to in vivo measurements absorption of iron given to the gastro-intestinal tract of volunteers and 3) in rat model estimation iron bioavailability from fortified wheat flour combined with products usually consumed in Poland. During five months investigations thirty seven women were examined each one twice in two months interval. Following variables were measured: iron and zinc in blood serum, in public and scalp hair and in food, taste acuity score, serum ferritin, hemoglobin, total iron binding capacity, red blood cells, mean corpuscular concentration and corpuscular volume. Prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficient anemia were assessed by two models in terms of the depression of serum ferritin and hemoglobin concentrations. 64 refs, 6 figs, 23 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study was made into microstructure and hardening in austenitic stainless steel 0Kh18N10T irradiated with neon ions (230 MeV) and neutrons (E_n > 0.1 MeV). The experiments were accomplished using an external beam of U-400 cyclotron (Dubna) and EWA reactor (Poland). The dependences of tensile properties, hardening index, microstructure, dislocation density on damaging dose were determined. An attempt is made to reveal the correlation between an yield strength increment and defect cluster accumulation. The interpretation of variations of mechanical properties and microstructure under irradiation is given.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Comparatively evaluates two models for forecasting ground subsidence after underground mining: a standard method used in Poland in underground coal mining and a method used in the GDR. Factors that influence ground subsidence after underground mining are evaluated. Effects of depth, stratification, and physical and mechanical properties of rock strata are analyzed. Time dependence of dynamic troughs and static final troughs left after underground mining is evaluated. Formulae are recommended for forecasting ground subsidence after underground coal mining and mining of other deposits. 3 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report describes the progress made during this reporting period of a two year project to demonstrate that the air pollution from a traveling grate stoker being used to heat water at a central heating plant in Krakow, Poland can be reduced significantly by (1) substituting the unwashed, unsized coal currently being used with a mechanically cleaned, double-sized stoker fuel and by (2) optimizing the operating parameters of the stoker. It is anticipated that these improvements will prove to be cost effective and hence be adopted by the other central heating plants in Krakow and indeed, throughout Eastern European cities where coal continues to be the primary source of fuel. EFH Coal Company has formed a partnership with two Polish institutions -- MPEC, a central heating company in Krakow, and Naftokrak-Naftobudowa, preparation plant designers and fabricators, for the execution of this effort. The washability data from a 20mm x 0.5mm size fraction of raw coal from ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper the measurements of radon-222 concentration in the air of Kowary Radon Inhalatorium in the vicinity of Jelenia Gora, Lower Silesia, Poland, performed by Radiation Protection and Radiobiology Department of National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw, have been presented. For the measurements the integration method with the application of charcoal canisters have been used. The radon concentration was found within the very broad ranges from about 4 to 420 kBq m"-"3 depending of the season of the year. Basing on the radon concentration measurements during the inhalation therapy session and taking into account the equilibrium factor of 0.8 the doses to the bronchi of the patients in range from 1.2 to about 204 mSv (0.12-20.4 rem) have been assessed. The majority of patients (ca. 76%) received the doses between 115 and 204 mSv. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper discusses use of chemical explosives for blasting in underground coal mines endangered by methane, and reviews safety regulations on blasting in mines endangered by methane in Poland. Results of tests carried out by the Institute for Mine Safety of the Central Mining Institute in Katowice are reviewed. The following types of explosives were tested: the L permitted Barbaryt, the FGH2 permitted Barbaryt, the D6G permitted Metanit, the D5G permitted Metanit, the W2AG permitted Metanit, the CG sheathed permitted Metanit. Test results are given in a table and 2 diagrams. Comparative evaluations show that the CG sheathed permitted Metanit and the W2AG permitted metanit are superior to other explosives. Methods for evaluating safety of explosives for blasting in coal mines endangered by methane are reviewed. Indices characterizing safety of chemical explosives are evaluated. (3 refs.) (In Polish)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper summarizes an investigation carried out on Polish terrain occupied by Russian Federation military troops. The investigation identified natural environmental devastation, pollution, and contamination. Quantitative estimation of the devastation and its economic evaluation are provided. The results of the investigation are as follows: 406 ha have been contaminated by petrochemical products; 22.7 ha are chemically polluted; and 6,500 ha of underground water, as well as 17.5 ha of surface water, cannot be classified. On 15,300 ha the soil has been degraded, of which landfills comprise an area of 98 ha. No toxic warfare agents have been detected, nor any radioactivity levels exceeding those characteristic of the given region.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The calculations presented are based on RELAP5/MOD2-3 input for VVER 440/213 Bohunice NPP, developed within the framework of IAEA TC Project by an international team of specialists from CSFR, Hungary, Bulgaria and Poland. Project activities were condentrated on input data refinement and testing. Several cases were calculated using the latest version of RELAP5/MOD2 provided by RMA, Albuquerque to investigate some modelling assumptions, such as break location, geometrical representation of secondary circuit piping as well as the effect of deactivation of the signal controlling the SG isolation valves. (2 refs., 21 figs., 2 tabs.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Like other Central European countries, Poland faces the twin challenges of improving environmental quality while also fostering sustainable economic development. In this study we examine the costs of different standards for air pollution control, and the cost savings from using incentive-based policy instruments in lieu of more rigid command-and-control policies. The comparisons are based on the results of a simulation model of energy use and air pollution control for the Polish economy over 1990-2015. The model simulates least-cost energy supply decisions under different environmental policy assumptions, the corresponding emissions, and the cost of achieving the specified policy objectives. The model results suggest that incentive-based policies will have efficiency gains over command policies that are at least worthy of consideration and may be quite substantial. The size of the gains in practice depends in part on how much flexibility is built into the command ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Concentrations of tritium in environmental waters (precipitation, rivers, lakes, tap water) have been determined using electrolytic enrichment and liquid scintillation counting. In waters of big rivers (the Vistula and the Odra rivers), lakes and tap water the annual average concentrations were similar to each other being from 1.4 to 1.9 Bq x dm"-"3. These concentrations were similar to those in the precipitation in which they ranged from 1.7 to 2.2 Bq x dm"-"3. The lowest tritium concentrations were found in waters of the Seashore Region rivers (average for 1994-1999 was 1.1 Bq x dm"-"3). The tritium concentrations in surface waters and in precipitation are still higher than that of natural level. The data obtained show that tritium concentration in the water of rivers might depend on the size of drainage area. The observed seasonal variations of tritium concentration in the precipitation collected in Warsaw and at the Mount Sniezka indicate the stratospheric source of tritium. It was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the first part of the symposium, experts reviewed the state of the art of decentralized waste water treatment in Europe. In the second part, exemplary solutions in Poland and the Czech Republic were presented. The final part was dedicated to future concepts and strategies. [German] Im Herbst letzten Jahres hat die Kommunale Umwelt-AktioN U.A.N. in einer Abfolge von drei Abwasserfachsymposien Expertenrunden zum Austausch ueber den aktuellen Stand des Wissens zum Thema dezentrale Abwasserbehandlung veranstaltet. Mit dem Internationalen Symposium 'Konzepte zur Abwasserbehandlung im laendlichen Raum Europas' in Celle hat das Projekt der U.A.N. seinen Abschluss gefunden. Der Konzeption des Projektes entsprechend haben im 1. Teil des Symposiums Experten ueber den Stand der Entwicklung auf dem Sektor der dezentralen Abwasserbehandlung in Deutschland berichtet. Im 2. Teil unserer Fachtagung wurden europaeische Beispiele fuer dezentrale Loesungen aus ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper, a concept of technology that can be helpful for lowering the negative influence of the synthetic (based on the Solvay process) soda ash plant on the natural environment is presented. We describe the desulphurisation of combustion gases from the factory's power plant, which is based on their absorption in the overflow of distiller waste. The excess of lime milk, which is added in the process of ammonia regeneration from filter liquor, results in a strong alkalinity of distiller waste. The high pH of distiller waste favours absorption of acidic combustion gases. The laboratory-scale tests showed about 80% efficiency of the desulphurisation process. The suspension samples we obtained consist mainly of CaCO{sub 3}. We suggest using the obtained solid phase as an adsorbent-insert in Fluidised Bed Combustion technology (FBC). Based on raw material prices, production costs, and average sell prices of the product, economic analysis of innovation was executed. Profits ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As a condition of accession into the European Union (EU), Lithuania is committed to the closure and decommissioning of Ignalina NPP comprising two RBMK-1500 reactor units (Fig. 1). It was agreed in a special protocol to the Accession Treaty that, in return for adequate EU financial assistance, Unit 1 would be closed before 2005 and Unit 2 by the end of 2009. The first unit was duly shut down on December 31, 2004. Lithuania, which has borders with Russia (Kaliningrad territory), Poland, Latvia and Belarus, spent fifty years as part of the Soviet Union and was deeply integrated into its economy and electrical infrastructure. At the break-up of the USSR, Lithuania inherited electricity generating capacity designed to supply the north-west region including ownership of Ignalina NPP located in the north-east of the country. Ignalina NPP Unit 1 was commissioned in 1983, Unit 2 in 1987; the planned lifespan of each unit was 30 years. Construction of a third unit was ...