gabaergic neurons development: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

Single Particle Tracking of ?7 Nicotinic AChR in Hippocampal Neurons Reveals Regulated Confinement at Glutamatergic and GABAergic Perisynaptic Sites

A fundamental property of neuronal networks in Ammon’s horn is that each area is comprised of a single glutamatergic cell population and various types of GABAergic neurons. Here we describe...Full Text Available

2010-06-16

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Altered GABA_A receptor-mediated synaptic transmission disrupts the firing of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in male mice under conditions that mimic steroid abuse

α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChR) form Ca²⁺-permeable homopentameric channels modulating cortical network activity and cognitive processing....Full Text Available

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Generation of human cortical neurons from a new immortal fetal neural stem cell line

Gonadotropin–releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are the central regulators of reproduction. GABAergic transmission plays a critical role in pubertal activation of pulsatile GnRH secretion....Full Text Available

2010-05-12

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Insulin receptor signaling in the development of neuronal structure and function

Isolation and expansion of neural stem cells (NSCs) of human origin are crucial for successful development of cell therapy approaches in neurodegenerative diseases. Different epigenetic and genetic immortalization strategies have been established for long-term maintenance and expansion of these cells in vitro. Here we report the generation of a new, clonal NSC (hc-NSC) line, derived from human fetal cortical tissue, based on v-myc immortalization. Using immunocytochemistry, we show that these cells retain the characteristics of NSCs after more than 50 passages. Under proliferation conditions, when supplemented with epidermal and basic fibroblast growth factors, the hc-NSCs expressed neural stem/progenitor cell markers like nestin, vimentin and Sox2. When growth factors were withdrawn, proliferation and expression of v-myc and telomerase were dramatically reduced, and the hc-NSCs differentiated into glia and neurons (mostly glutamatergic and ...

2007-02-01

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Maturation of GABAergic Inhibition Promotes Strengthening of Temporally Coherent Inputs among Convergent Pathways

Sensory experience plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal shape and in developing synaptic contacts during brain formation. These features are required for a neuron to receive, integrate, and transmit...Full Text Available

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Parallel expression of synaptophysin and evoked neurotransmitter release during development of cultured neurons

Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), a form of Hebbian plasticity, is inherently stabilizing. Whether and how GABAergic inhibition influences STDP is not well understood. Using a model neuron driven by converging inputs modifiable by STDP, we determined that a sufficient level of inhibition was critical to ensure that temporal coherence (correlation among presynaptic spike times) of synaptic inputs, rather than initial strength or number of inputs within a pathway, controlled postsynaptic spike timing. Inhibition exerted this effect by preferentially reducing synaptic efficacy, the ability of inputs to evoke postsynaptic action potentials, of the less coherent inputs. In visual cortical slices, inhibition potently reduced synaptic efficacy at ages during but not before the critical period of ocular dominance (OD) plasticity. Whole-cell recordings revealed that the amplitude of unitary IPSCs from parvalbumin positive (Pv+) interneurons to ...

2010-06-03

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Simultaneous expression of different transgenes in neurons and glia by combining in utero electroporation with the Tol2 transposon-mediated gene transfer system

Udgivelsesdato: 1991-null

1991-01-01

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Mapping neuropeptide expression by mass spectrometry in single dissected identified neurons from the dorsal ganglion of the nematode Ascaris suum

In utero electroporation is widely used to study neuronal development and function by introducing plasmid DNA into neural progenitors during embryogenesis. This is an effective and...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

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Dynamic neuronal ensembles: Issues in representing structure change in object-oriented, biologically-based brain models

We have developed a method for dissecting single neurons from the nematode Ascaris suum, in order to determine their peptide content by mass spectrometry (MS). In this paper,...Full Text Available

2010-07-21

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Distribution of NADPH-diaphorase activity in the central nervous system of the young and adult land snail Megalobulimus abbreviatus

This paper describes the structure of dynamic neuronal ensembles (DNEs). DNEs represent a new paradigm for learning, based on biological neural networks that use variable structures. We present a computational neural element that demonstrates biological neuron functionality such as neurotransmitter feedback absolute refractory period and multiple output potentials. More specifically, we will develop a network of neural elements that have the ability to dynamically strengthen, weaken, add and remove interconnections. We demonstrate that the DNE is capable of performing dynamic modifications to neuron connections and exhibiting biological neuron functionality. In addition to its applications for learning, DNEs provide an excellent environment for testing and analysis of biological neural systems. An example of habituation and hyper-sensitization in biological systems, using a neural ...

1996-12-31

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas produced through the action of nitric oxide synthase that acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of adult gastropod mollusks. There are no known reports of the presence of NOS-containing neurons and glial cells in young and adult Megalobulimus abbreviatus. Therefore, NADPH-d histochemistry was employed to map the nitrergic distribution in the CNS of young and adult snails in an attempt to identify any transient enzymatic activity in the developing CNS. Reaction was observed in neurons and fibers in all CNS ganglia of both age groups, but in the pedal and cerebral ganglia, positive neurons were more intense than in other ganglia, forming clusters symmetrically located in both paired ganglia. However, neuronal NADPH-d activity in the mesocer...

2010-01-01

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Modulation of neuronal differentiation by CD40 isoforms

Normal and abnormal neuronal migration during brain development

Neuron differentiation is a complex process involving various cell-cell interactions, and multiple signaling pathways. We showed previously that CD40 is expressed and functional on mouse and human neurons. In neurons, ligation of CD40 protects against serum withdrawal-induced injury and plays a role in survival and differentiation. CD40 deficient mice display neuron dysfunction, aberrant neuron morphologic changes, and associated gross brain abnormalities. Previous studies by Tone and colleagues suggested that five isoforms of CD40 exist with two predominant isoforms expressed in humans: signal-transducible CD40 type I and a C-terminal truncated, non-signal-transducible CD40 type II. We hypothesized that differential expression of CD40 isoform type I and type II in neurons may modulate neuron differentiation. Results show that adult ...

2008-05-02

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Toxic effects of lead on neuronal development and function

Conceptual and factual advances in understanding neuronal migration in the past two decades have provided new insight into the pathogenesis of brain malformations at the cellular, molecular, and functional levels. Some of these results may have direct implications in understanding the consequences of ionizing radiation on the fetal central nervous system in utero. (orig.).

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Virtual adult ears reveal the roles of acoustical factors and experience in auditory space map development

The effects of lead on the development of the nervous system are of immediate concern to human health. While it is clear that lead can affect neuronal development at levels of exposure within the range found in the environment, the particular mechanism of the disruption is not readily ascertained. The goal of the authors research is to develop a model system in which the effects of lead on central nervous system development can be demonstrated. To study neuronal development in a system that minimizes such difficulties, the authors have grafted discrete brain regions derived from rat fetuses into the anterior chamber of the eye of adult hosts. The brain pieces continue organotypic development in the eye, but are isolated from possible secondary changes due to alterations in the development of the ...

1990-11-01

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EARLY BILATERAL SENSORY DEPRIVATION BLOCKS THE DEVELOPMENT OF COINCIDENT DISCHARGE IN RAT BARREL CORTEX

Auditory neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) respond preferentially to sounds from restricted directions to form a map of auditory space. The development of this representation is shaped...Full Text Available

2008-11-05

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Development of rat CA1 neurones in acute Versus organotypic slices: role of experience in synaptic morphology and activity

Several theories have proposed a functional role for synchronous neuronal firing in generating the neural code of a sensory perception. Synchronous neural activity develops during a critical...Full Text Available

2009-02-25

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Nerve growth factor actions on the brain

Despite their wide use, the physiological relevance of organotypic slices remains controversial. Such cultures are prepared at 5 days postnatal. Although some local circuitry remains intact, they develop...Full Text Available

2003-07-01

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Deficiency of the housekeeping gene hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) dysregulates neurogenesis.

We examined the effect of the trophic protein, nerve growth factor (NGF), on cultures of fetal rat neostriatum and basal forebrain-medial septal area (BF-MS) to define its role in brain development. Treatment of cultures with NGF resulted in an increase in the specific activity of the cholinergic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (CAT) in both brain areas. CAT was immunocytochemically localized to neurons. In the BF-MS, NGF treatment elicited a marked increase in staining intensity and an apparent increase in the number of CAT-positive neurons. Moreover, treatment of BF-MS cultures with NGF increased the activity of acetylcholinesterase, suggesting that the cholinergic neuron as a whole was affected. To begin defining mechanisms of action of NGF in the BF-MS, we detected NGF receptors by two independent methods. Receptors were localized to two different cellular populations: ...

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Steroid hormones and brain development: some guidelines for understanding actions of pseudohormones and other toxic agents.

Neuronal transcription factors play vital roles in the specification and development of neurons, including dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Mutations in the gene encoding the purine biosynthetic enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) cause the resulting intractable and largely untreatable neurological impairment of Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND). The disorder is associated with a defect in basal ganglia DA pathways. The mechanisms connecting the purine metabolic defect and the central nervous system (CNS) phenotype are poorly understood but have been presumed to reflect a developmental defect of DA neurons. We have examined the effect of HPRT deficiency on the differentiation of neurons in the well-established human (NT2) embryonic carcinoma neurogenesis model. We have used a retrovirus expressing a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down HPRT gene ...

2009-08-11

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Rearrangement of Retinogeniculate Projection Patterns after Eye-Specific Segregation in Mice

Gonadal, adrenal, and thyroid hormones affect the brain directly, and the sensitivity to hormones begins in embryonic life with the appearance of hormone receptor sites in discrete populations of neurons....Full Text Available

1987-10-01

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A highly conserved regulatory element controls hematopoietic expression of GATA-2 in zebrafish

It has been of interest whether and when the rearrangement of neuronal circuits can be induced after projection patterns are formed during development. Earlier studies using cats reported that the rearrangement...Full Text Available

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A Hybrid Capillary-Microfluidic Device for the Separation, Lysis, and Electrochemical Detection of Vesicles

BackgroundGATA-2 is a transcription factor required for hematopoietic stem cell survival as well as for neuronal development in vertebrates. It has been shown that specific expression...Full Text Available

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Studies with a generalized neuron based Pss on a multi-machine power system

The primary method for neuronal communication involves the extracellular release of small molecules that are packaged in secretory vesicles. We have developed a platform to separate, lyse, and...Full Text Available

2009-03-15

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Predicting neuronal responses during natural vision.

An artificial neural network can be used as an intelligent controller to control non-linear, dynamic system through learning. It can easily accommodate non-linearities and time dependencies. Most common multi-layer feed-forward neural networks have drawbacks of large number of neurons and hidden layers required to deal with complex problems and require large training time. To overcome these drawbacks, a generalized neuron based non-linear controller has been developed and illustrated as a power system stabilizer. Studies on a five-machine power system show that the proposed controller can significantly improve the dynamic performance and provide good damping of the power system over a wide operating range.

2004-07-01

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Heterogeneity of the supramammillary-hippocampal pathways: Evidence for a unique GABAergic neurotransmitter phenotype and regional differences

A model that fully describes the response properties of visual neurons must be able to predict their activity during natural vision. While many models have been proposed for the visual system, few have ever been tested against this criterion. To address this issue, we have developed a general framework for fitting and validating nonlinear models of visual neurons using natural visual stimuli. Our approach derives from linear spatiotemporal receptive field (STRF) analysis, which has frequently been used to study the visual system. However, prior to the linear filtering stage typical of STRFs, a linearizing transformation is applied to the stimulus to account for nonlinear response properties. We used this approach to compare two models for neurons in primary visual cortex: a nonlinear Fourier power model, which accounts for spatial phase invariant tuning, and a traditional linear model. We characterized ...

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Genetic Modulation of GABA Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex by GAD1 and COMT

The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) provides substantial projections to the hippocampal formation. This hypothalamic structure is involved in the regulation of hippocampal theta rhythm and therefore...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

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A Comparative Perspective on Minicolumns and Inhibitory GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic transmission is critical for normal cortical function and is likely abnormal in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. We tested the in...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

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Embryonic Retinal Cells and Support to Mature Retinal Neurons

Neocortical columns are functional and morphological units whose architecture may have been under selective evolutionary pressure in different mammalian lineages in response to encephalization and specializations...Full Text Available

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Adult-born hippocampal neurons are more numerous, faster-maturing and more involved in behavior in rats than in mice

Purpose.There is a paucity of neuron replacement studies for retinal ganglion cells. Given the complex phenotype of these neurons, replacement of ganglion cells may be impossible....Full Text Available

2010-04-01

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Computed tomography in migratory disorders of human brain development

Neurons are born throughout adulthood in the hippocampus and show enhanced plasticity compared to mature neurons. However, there are conflicting reports on whether or not young neurons contribute...Full Text Available

2009-11-18

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The noradrenergic system in cultured aggregates of fetal rat brain cells: morphology of the aggregates and pharmacological indices of noradrenergic neurons

Computed tomographic findings in developmental brain anomalies are more easily classified when the system used is based on embryogenesis related to morphology. Analysis of computed tomographic findings in a series of 154 patients with brain anomalies (Chiari malformation not included) revealed that specific examples of abnormalities occurring in major stages of brain development may be recognized by computed tomography. This paper deals with a group of patients with abnormalities that reflect a disturbance in neuronal migration. (orig.).

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Manganese Induces IGF-1 and Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Expressions in the Basal Hypothalamus during Prepubertal Female Development

Spherical aggregates formed rapidly in culture by re-aggregation of trypsin-dissociated brain cells from the 17-day-old fetal rat. Over about 10 days an initially random distribution of cells evolved into a 3-layered arrangement; cells with characteristics of neurons were found largely in the intermediate layer. The survival of neuronal and glial cell types was evaluated histologically and verified by electron microscopy, which revealed synaptic and myelin structures that rapidly increased in number after 18 days in culture. Levels of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) reached peaks of 9.5 and 4.4 ng/mg protein, respectively, at culture day 21. Uptake of ["3H]NE paralleled these amine levels and was blocked by desipramine or pretreatment with either reserpine or 6-OH-DA. Autoradiographs of aggregates labeled with ["3H]NE showed a high density of silver grains over cells, apparently neurons, with branching processes ...

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Precocious puberty is a significant child health problem, especially in girls, because 95% of cases are idiopathic. Our earlier studies demonstrated that low-dose levels of manganese (Mn) caused precocious puberty via stimulating the secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). Because glial-neuronal communications are important for the activation of LHRH secretion at puberty, we investigated the effects of prepubertal Mn exposure on specific glial-derived puberty-related genes known to affect neuronal LHRH release. Animals were supplemented with MnCl2 (10 mg/kg) or saline by gastric gavage from day 12 until day 22 or day 29, then decapitated, and brains removed. The site of LHRH release is the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), and tissues from this area were analyzed by real-...

2011-01-01

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Suppressive effects of cadmium on neurons and affected proteins in cultured developing cortical cells

Protracted ethanol withdrawal in rats: Tolerance to the anxiolytic effects of diazepam and pentobarbital but not phenobarbital

The purpose of the present study was to examine the in vitro effects of low-dose cadmium (Cd) on developing cortical cells. The cortical cells removed from fetuses (embryonic day 15) were treated with 10 nM of Cd for 24 h. The effects of Cd on dendritic and synaptic development were immunocytochemically observed with anti-microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP2) and anti-synapsin I antibodies, respectively. Administration of Cd suppressed dendritic as well as synaptic development at 10 nM. By two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) analysis, we identified three proteins with different expression after Cd-treatment; dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DRP-2/CRMP-2), 14-3-3-epsillon and calmodulin (CaM). Though the number of identified proteins was small, these proteins are known to be involved in neuronal development. The ...

2008-11-20

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Two types of independent bursting mechanisms in inspiratory neurons: an integrative model

Anxiety is a common symptom during ethanol withdrawal contributing to its continuous abuse and alcoholism. Ethanol withdrawal in rats produces an interoceptive discriminative stimulus (IDS) similar to that produced by the anxiogenic drug pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). This stimulus peaks at 12 hours after last dose of ethanol and thereafter the IDS is detected for several days (protracted withdrawal) by sensitization to a probe drug. previously, the authors have shown that during the protracted withdrawal, the IDS is enhanced by GABA receptor antagonists suggesting alteration of brain GABA systems. This report provides further evidence that chronic ethanol alters GABAergic systems. Rats were trained to discriminate PTZ (20 mg/kg, ip) from saline. Diazepam, pentobarbital and phenobarbital blocked the PTZ-IDS dose dependently. Ethanol, 4.5% w/v, was then given in a nutritionally complete diet for a week. On termination of the ethanol diet, rats exhibited signs and symptoms ...

1990-02-26

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Synchrony between orientation-selective neurons is modulated during adaptation-induced plasticity in cat visual cortex

The network of coupled neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex (pBC) of the medulla generates a bursting rhythm, which underlies the inspiratory phase of respiration. In some of these neurons,...Full Text Available

2011-06-01

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Selective Excitatory Actions of DNQX and CNQX in Rat Thalamic Neurons

BackgroundVisual neurons respond essentially to luminance variations occurring within their receptive fields. In primary visual cortex, each neuron is a filter for stimulus features...Full Text Available

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Rapid, reversible activation of AgRP neurons drives feeding behavior in mice

The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) consists of GABA-containing neurons that form reciprocal synaptic connections with thalamic relay nuclei. Excitatory synaptic innervation of TRN neurons arises from...Full Text Available

2010-04-01

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Rapid Action of Estrogens on Intracellular Calcium Oscillations in Primate Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone-1 Neurons

Several different neuronal populations are involved in regulating energy homeostasis. Among these, agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons are thought to promote feeding and weight gain; however, the...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

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An Intrinsic Neuronal Oscillator Underlies Dopaminergic Neuron Bursting

Feedback controls of estrogen in LHRH-1 neurons play a pivotal role in reproductive function. However, the mechanism of estrogen action in LHRH-1 neurons is still unclear. In the present study, the...Full Text Available

2008-03-01

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17?-estradiol regulation of T-type calcium channels in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons

Dopaminergic neurons of the ventral midbrain fire high frequency bursts when animals are presented with unexpected rewards, or stimuli that predict reward. To identify the afferents that can...Full Text Available

2009-12-16

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Influence of chromatin molecular changes on RNA synthesis during embryonic development

T-type calcium channels are responsible for generating low-threshold spikes that facilitate burst firing and neurotransmitter release in neurons. GnRH neurons exhibit burst firing, but the underlying...Full Text Available

2009-08-26

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Early Developmental Actions of Endocrine Disruptors on the Hypothalamus, Hippocampus, and Cerebral Cortex

Two aspects of the chromatin repeat length (r_l) are discussed: (i) Why is r_l longer for slowly dividing cells than in rapidly dividing cells?, and (ii) Why is the temporal evolution of r_l a decreasing function of time (t) in mammalian cortical neurons whereas it is an increasing function of t for granule cells around the time of birth? These questions are discussed in terms of a hypothesis which assumes a correlation between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) packaging, transcription, and replication. (author). 27 refs.

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Sex steroids and thyroid hormones play a key role in the development of the central nervous system. The critical role of these hormonal systems may explain the sensitivity of the hypothalamus, the cerebral cortex, and the hippocampus to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC). This review examines the evidence for endocrine disruption of glial-neuronal functions in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. Focus was placed on two well-studied EDC, the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). DDT is involved in neuroendocrine disruption of the reproductive axis, whereas polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) interact with both the thyroid hormone- and sex steroid-dependent systems and disturb the neuroendocrine control of reproduction and develo...

2011-01-01

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Cadmium inhibits neurogenesis in zebrafish embryonic brain development

Neuronal Correlates of Pitch in the Inferior Colliculus

Cadmium is a non-essential heavy metal found abundantly in the environment. Children of women exposed to cadmium during pregnancy display lower motor and perceptual abilities. High cadmium body burden in children is also related to impaired intelligence and lowered school achievement. However, little is known about the molecular and cellular basis of developmental neurotoxicity in the sensitive early life stages of animals. In this study, we explore neurological deficits caused by cadmium during early embryonic stages in zebrafish by examining regionalization of the neural tube, pattern formation and cell fate determination, commitment of proneural genes and induction of neurogenesis. We show that cadmium-treated embryos developed a smaller head with unclear boundaries between the brain subdivisions, particularly in the mid-hindbrain region. Embryos display normal anterior to posterior regionalization; however, the commitment of neural progenitor cells was affected ...

2008-05-01

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Calcium-influx increases SOD1 aggregates via nitric oxide in cultured motor neurons.

... (1993). The ferrets were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and maintained in an areflexic state using a continuous ...

2011-05-13

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Variations in ventral root axon morphology and locomotor behavior components across different inbred strains of mice

Full Text Available

2007-10-01

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Locomotion is a complex behavior affected by many different brain- and spinal cord systems, as well as by variations in the peripheral nervous system. Recently, we found increased gene expression for EphA4, a gene intricately involved in motor neuron development, between high-active parental strain C57BL/6J and the low-active chromosome substitution strain 1 (CSS1). CSS1 mice carry chromosome 1 from A/J mice in a C57BL/6J genetic background, allowing localization of quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 1. To find out whether differences in motor neuron anatomy, possibly related to the changes in EphA4 expression, are involved in the motor activity differences observed in these strains, motor performance in various behavioral paradigms and anatomical differences in the ventral roots ...

2009-01-01

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Transcription Factor IIA t Is Associated with Undifferentiated Cells and Its Gene Expression Is Repressed in Primary Neurons at the Chromatin Level In Vivo

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The levels of General Transcription Factor (TF) IIA were examined during mammalian brain development and in rat embryo fibroblasts and transformed cell lines. The large TFIIA subunit paralogues ab and t are largely produced in unsynchronized cell lines, yet only TFIIA ab is observed in a number of differentiated tissue extracts. Steady-state protein levels of the TFIIA t, ab, and g subunits were significantly reduced when human embryonal (ec) and hepatic carcinoma cell lines were stimulated to differentiate with either all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) or sodium butyrate. ATRA-treated NT2-ec cells required replating to induce a neuronal phenotype and loss of detectable TFIIA t and g proteins. High levels of TFIIA t, ab, and g and Sp factors were identified in extracts from human fetal and rat...

2006-01-01

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Changes in cell proliferation kinetics in the mouse cerebellum after total asphyxia

The Caenorhabditis elegans Elongator Complex Regulates Neuronal ?-tubulin Acetylation

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of neonatal asphyxia on brain development, with special reference to the kinetics of neuronal proliferation by using autoradiography. For 30 minutes, two-day-old suckling mice, Jcl:ICR strain, were put into a chamber which was constantly flushed with 100% CO_2 gas. After the exposure to asphyxia, 29% of the mice survived. Cell cycle studies were carried out at two days and at seven days on the external matrix cells, the precursor of the granule cells, at the external granular layer of the cerebellum from CO_2-exposed and control mice by "3H-thymidine autoradiography. At two days the generation time of the control mice was about 15 hours, whereas that of the asphyxiated mice was about 17 hours. The prolongation of the generation time in the asphyxiated mice was caused mainly by a delay in the G2 phase. This prolongation was apparent for about five days and thereafter growth caught up. These ...

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Retrograde neuronal tracing with a deletion-mutant rabies virus

Although acetylated α-tubulin is known to be a marker of stable microtubules in neurons, precise factors that regulate α-tubulin acetylation are, to date, largely unknown. Therefore,...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

53

Responses of ventral respiratory neurones in the rat to vagus stimulation and the functional division of expiration.

We have constructed a deletion-mutant rabies virus encoding EGFP and find it to be an excellent tool for studying detailed morphology and physiology of neurons projecting to injection sites...Full Text Available

2007-01-01

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Regulation of Firing Frequency in a Computational Model of a Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron

In anaesthetized rats, extracellular and intracellular recordings were taken from 106 respiratory neurones in the intermediate region of the nucleus ambiguus. We observed unprovoked shortening of expiratory...Full Text Available

1994-04-01

55

Reduced thermal sensitivity and Nav1.8 and TRPV1 channel expression in sensory neurons of aged mice

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the mammalian midbrain exhibit unusually low firing frequencies in vitro. Furthermore, injection of depolarizing current induces depolarization block before high...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

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Receptive Field Remodeling Induced by Skin Stimulation in Cerebellar Neurons in vivo

Sensory neurons in aging mammals undergo changes in anatomy, physiology and gene expression that correlate with reduced sensory perception. In this study we compared young and aged mice to identify...Full Text Available

2006-06-01

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Proliferative Hypothalamic Neurospheres Express NPY, AGRP, POMC, CART and Orexin-A and Differentiate to Functional Neurons

The receptive field of a neuron reflects its function. For example, for parallel fiber (PF) inputs in C3 zone the cerebellar cortex, the excitatory and inhibitory receptive fields of a Purkinje cell...Full Text Available

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Neuronal regulation of cochlear blood flow in the guinea-pig.

Some pathological conditions with feeding pattern alterations, including obesity and Huntington disease (HD) are associated with hypothalamic dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Additionally, the hypothalamus...Full Text Available

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Neuronal nets in robotics

1. Previous studies have shown that electrical stimulation (ES) of the guinea-pig cochlea causes a neurally mediated increase in cochlear blood flow (CBF). It is known that the centrifugal neuronal...Full Text Available

1994-11-01

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Multiple Genes on Chromosome 7 Regulate Dopaminergic Amacrine Cell Number in the Mouse Retina

The paper gives a generic idea of the solutions that the neuronal nets contribute to the robotics. The advantages and the inconveniences are exposed that have regarding the conventional techniques. It also describe the more excellent applications as the pursuit of trajectories, the positioning based on images, the force control or of the mobile robots management, among others

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Macrophage Antigen Complex-1 Mediates Reactive Microgliosis and Progressive Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in the MPTP Model of Parkinson's Disease1

PurposeThe size of neuronal populations is modulated by gene variants that influence cell production and survival, in turn influencing neuronal connectivity, function,...Full Text Available

2009-05-01

62

Homeostasis of intrinsic excitability in hippocampal neurones: dynamics and mechanism of the response to chronic depolarization

Neuronal death is known to trigger reactive microgliosis. However, little is known regarding the manner by which microglia are activated by injured neurons and how microgliosis participates...Full Text Available

2008-11-15

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Exercise Decreases Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Expression in the Spinal Cord and Positively Modulates Neuronal Growth

In order to maintain stable functionality in the face of continually changing input, neurones in the CNS must dynamically modulate their electrical characteristics. It has been hypothesized that in...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

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Essential Role of Phox2b-Expressing Ventrolateral Brainstem Neurons in the Chemosensory Control of Inspiration and Expiration

To successfully grow, neurons need to overcome the effects of hostile environments, such as the inhibitory action of myelin. We have evaluated the potential of exercise to overcome the intrinsic...Full Text Available

2007-07-01

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Effects of hypocretin (orexin) neuronal loss on sleep and extracellular adenosine levels in the basal forebrain

Phox2b-expressing neurons of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) located in the ventrolateral brainstem are sensitive to changes in PCO₂/pH, have excitatory projections...Full Text Available

2010-09-15

66

Chronic inflammation and estradiol interact through MAPK activation to affect TMJ nociceptive processing by trigeminal caudalis neurons

Neurons containing the neuropeptide hypocretin (orexin) are localized only in the lateral hypothalamus from where they innervate multiple regions implicated in arousal, including the basal forebrain....Full Text Available

2008-09-01

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Cholinergic Interneurons Mediate Fast VGluT3-Dependent Glutamatergic Transmission in the Striatum

The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway plays a key role in mediating estrogen actions in the brain and neuronal sensitization during inflammation....Full Text Available

2009-12-29

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Castration and training in a spatial task alter the number of immature neurons in the hippocampus of male mice

The neurotransmitter glutamate is released by excitatory projection neurons throughout the brain. However, non-glutamatergic cells, including cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons, express markers that...Full Text Available

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Age-dependent changes in Ca²⁺ homeostasis in peripheral neurones: implications for changes in function

New neurons are generated in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (GCL) throughout adulthood. This process is modulated by many environmental and neurochemical factors. We previously...Full Text Available

2010-05-06

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Targeting the kynurenine pathway as a potential strategy to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease

Calcium ions represent universal second messengers within neuronal cells integrating multiple cellular functions, such as release of neurotransmitters, gene expression, proliferation, excitability,...Full Text Available

2007-06-01

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the elderly accounting for the vast majority of dementia. Recently, many studies have implicated the role of inflammatory response, especially neuroinflammatory response in the development and progression of AD. However, the underlying mechanism of how inflammatory response induces AD is unknown. Kynurenine pathway is a major route of the amino acid tryptophan catabolism, resulting in the production of nicotine adenine dinucleotide and other neuroactive intermediates: quinolinic acid (QA) and kynurenic acid (KA). QA exerts different toxic effects, including over-activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and excitotoxicity, synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. On the other hand, KA is identified as the only...

2011-01-01

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Protective Effect of an Ethanol Extract Mixture of Curcuma longae Radix, Phellinus linteus, and Scutellariae Radix on Oxidative Neuronal Damage

Acute Ca²⁺-Dependent Desensitization of 5-Ht_1A Receptors is Mediated by Activation of Pka in Rat Serotonergic Neurons

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2011-02-01

73

Potential Protection of Green Tea Polyphenols Against 1800?MHz Electromagnetic Radiation-Induced Injury on Rat Cortical Neurons

This report investigates acute changes in the sensitivity of 5-HT_1A receptors in dorsal raphe (dr) neurons in response to elevated serotonin. DR neurons were isolated from adult rats...Full Text Available

2010-08-11

74

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) are harmful to public health, but the certain anti-irradiation mechanism is not clear yet. The present study was performed to investigate the possible protective effects of green tea polyphenols against electromagnetic radiation-induced injury in the cultured rat cortical neurons. In this study, green tea polyphenols were used in the cultured cortical neurons exposed to 1800?MHz EMFs by the mobile phone. We found that the mobile phone irradiation for 24?h induced marked neuronal cell death in the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) and TUNEL (TdT mediated biotin-dUTP nicked-end labeling) assay, and protective effects of green tea polyphenols on the injured cortical neurons were demonstrated by testing the content ...

2011-01-01

75

Activation of a multisensory, multifunctional nucleus in the zebrafish midbrain during diverse locomotor behaviors

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Action potentials from the brain control the activity of spinal neural networks to produce, by as yet unknown mechanisms, a variety of motor behaviors. Particularly lacking are details on how identified descending neurons integrate diverse sensory inputs to generate specific locomotor patterns. We have examined the operations of the principal neurons in an intriguing midbrain nucleus, the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (nMLF), in the larval zebrafish. The nMLF is the most rostral grouping of neurons that projects from the brain well into the spinal cord of teleost fishes, yet there is little direct physiological data available regarding its function. We report here that a distinct set of large, individually-identifiable neurons in nMLF (the MeL and MeM neurons) are activated...

2010-01-01

76

The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor {alpha}7 subunit gene: Cloning, mapping, structure, and targeting in mouse

Visualization of growth factor receptor sites in rat forebrain

The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor {alpha}7 subunit is a member of a family of ligand-gated ion channels, and is the only subunit know to bind {alpha}-bungarotoxin in mammalian brain. {alpha}-Bungarotoxin binding sites are known to be more abundant in the hippocampus of mouse strains that are particularly sensitive to nicotine-induced seizures. The {alpha}7 receptor is highly permeable to calcium, which could suggest a role in synaptic plasticity in the nervous system. Auditory gating deficiency, an abnormal response to a second auditory stimulus, is characteristic of schizophrenia. Mouse strains that exhibit a similar gating deficit have reduced hippocampal expression of the {alpha}7 subunit. We have cloned and sequenced the full length cDNA for the mouse {alpha}7 gene (Acra-7) and characterized its gene structure. The murine {alpha}7 shares amino acid identity of 99% and 93% with the rat and human {alpha}7 subunits, respectively. Using an interspecies ...

1994-09-01

77

Visual acuity in larval zebrafish: behavior and histology

It is now known that various growth factors may also act in the central nervous system. Among them, it has recently been shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) may possess trophic effects in the mammalian brain. We report here on the respective autoradiographic distribution of ["1"2"5I]EGF and ["1"2"5I]IGF-I receptor binding sites in the rat brain, both during ontogeny and in adulthood. It appears that ["1"2"5I]EGF sites are mostly found in the rat forebrain during brain development. On the other hand, ["1"2"5I]IGF-I sites are more widely distributed both during ontogeny and in adulthood. These results reveal the plasticity of the expression of EGF and IGF-I receptor sites in the mammalian brain. This could be relevant for the respective role of these two growth factors in the development and maintenance of neuronal function.

78

Unraveling mechanisms of homeostatic synaptic plasticity

BackgroundVisual acuity, the ability of the visual system to distinguish two separate objects at a given angular distance, is influenced by the optical and neuronal properties of...Full Text Available

79

The Arc of synaptic memory

SUMMARYHomeostatic synaptic plasticity is a negative feedback mechanism neurons use to offset excessive excitation or inhibition by adjusting their synaptic strengths. Recent...Full Text Available

2010-05-13

80

Specialized Circuits from Primary Visual Cortex to V2 and Area MT

The immediate early gene Arc is emerging as a versatile, finely tuned system capable of coupling changes in neuronal activity patterns to synaptic plasticity, thereby optimizing information...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

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81

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

SummaryPrimary visual cortex recombines inputs from magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) streams to create functionally specialized outputs. Understanding these input-output relationships is complicated by the fact that layer 4B, which provides outputs to dorsal visual areas, contains multiple cell types. Using a modified rabies virus that expresses green fluorescent protein, we show that layer 4B neurons projecting to MT are a majority spiny stellate, whereas those projecting to V2 are overwhelmingly pyramidal. Regardless of cell type, MT-projecting neurons have larger cell bodies, more dendritic length, and are deeper within layer 4B. Furthermore, MT-projecting pyramidal neurons are located preferentially underneath cytochrome oxidase blobs, indicating that MT-projecting neurons of bo...

2007-01-01

82

Microfluidic local perfusion chambers for the visualization and manipulation of synapses

SummaryThe polarized nature of neurons as well as the size and density of synapses complicates the manipulation and visualization of cell biological processes that control synaptic...Full Text Available

2010-04-15

83

Filopodia

ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN THE CHEMORECEPTORS OF THE BLOWFLY

The processes of neuronal outgrowth and guidance have typically been studied in classic 2D cell culture systems that do not recapitulate topographical cues present in the in vivo extracellular matrix...Full Text Available

2011-07-01

84

Acid sensing by visceral afferent neurons

The electrical responses of the neurons associated with the various types of chemosensory hairs of the blowfly, Phormia regina Meigen, following stimulation by chemical and mechanical...Full Text Available

1958-11-20

85

Pet's research at the SHFJ, Cea, one example: development and validation of a radioligand for the study of the cerebral dopaminergic system; La recherche en TEP au SHFJ, CEA. Un exemple: developpement et validation de radioligands pour l'etude du systeme dopaminergique

Acidosis in the gastrointestinal tract can be both a physiological and pathological condition. While gastric acid serves digestion and protection from pathogens, pathological acidosis is associated...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

86

Immunolocalization of endothelin-B receptor in mouse intestinal tract.

The aim of this work is the evaluation of biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of a cocaine analog, the N-(3-iodo-prop-2E-enyl)-2beta-carbo-methoxy-3beta-(4-methyl-phenyl) nor-tropane (PE2I), labeled with carbon 11 ([{sup 11}C]PE2I). The [{sup 11}C]PE2I is a selective radioligand for imaging neuronal dopamine transporter (DAT) with positron emission tomography (PET). The DAT is a membrane-bound pre synaptically located protein that regulates the concentration of dopamine at nerve terminals. DAT radioligands are often used to evaluate the progression of Parkinson's disease or the efficiency of neuro-protective therapeutics and, typically, these studies required several successive PET scans. (author)

2005-10-15

87

Genomic cloning and chromosomal localization of HRY, the human homolog to the Drosophila segmentation gene, hairy

The endothelin-B (ETB) receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor that binds endothelin ligands and is essential for the development of epidermal melanocytes and enteric neurons. Recent reports indicate that ETB is localized to nuclei in cardiac ventricular myocytes, although it has been thought that ETB is localized mainly on the plasma membrane. It remains unknown, however, whether this unique distribution of ETB occurs in other tissues. To elucidate the subcellular distribution of ETB in the intestine, we performed immunofluorescence of ETB in mouse intestine using a specific antibody. ETB-like immunoreactivity was detected in both the mucosal and muscle layers. In the mucosal layer, villous epithelial cells, stromal cells of the lamina propria, and cryptic cells were immunostained. Subcellularly, ETB is localized mainly to the nuclei of villous epithelial cells. In the muscle layer, immunoreactivity of ETB was localized to the myenteric ...

2004-11-01

88

Design of a new serotonin receptor 5-HT_1_A imaging agent based on "9"9"mTc

The Drosophila hairy gene encodes a basic helix- loop-helix protein that functions in at least two steps during Drosophila development: (1) during embryogenesis, when it partakes in the establishment of segments, and (2) during the larval stage, when it functions negatively in determining the pattern of sensory bristles on the adult fly. In the rat, a structurally homologous gene (RHL) behaves as an immediate-early gene in its response to growth factors and can, like that in Drosophila, suppress neuronal differentiation events. Here, the authors report the genomic cloning of the human hairy gene homolog (HRY). The coding region of the gene is contained within four exons. The predicted amino acid sequence reveals only four amino acid differences between the human and rat genes. Analysis of the DNA sequence 5[prime] to the coding region reveals a putatitve untranslated exon. To increase the value of the HRY gene as a genetic marker and to assess ...

1994-03-01

89

Roles of mitochondria and temperature in the control of intracellular calcium in adult rat sensory neurons

Serotonin is one of the neurotransmitters found in the brain and mediates brain functions. It is very well known that serotonin related brain abnormalities are exerted mainly via serotonin receptors in a similar manner to other neurotransmitters found in the brain. Recently, it has also been found that serotonin is involved in Alzheimer's disease either directly or indirectly by its actions on serotonergic neurons. To understand and treat the diseases caused by abnormalities in the serotonergic system in the brain, it is certain that its mechanism of function has to be well investigated. So far several 5-HT receptors and receptor subtypes have been well characterized. Moreover, serotonin agonists and antagonists acting on specific receptors are chemically synthesized and are now available for the prevention or treatment of serotonergic related diseases. In recent years, a great demand for developing neuroimaging agents has emerged for the ...

2004-07-01

90

Interdependent Roles for Accessory KChIP2, KChIP3 and KChIP4 Subunits in the Generation of Kv4-encoded I_A Channels in Cortical Pyramidal Neurons

SUMMARYWe recorded Ca²⁺ current and intracellular Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]_i) in isolated adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons at 20 and...Full Text Available

2008-04-01

91

Estradiol enhances neurogenesis in the dentate gyri of adult male meadow voles by increasing the survival of young granule neurons.

The rapidly activating and inactivating voltage-dependent outward K⁺ (Kv) current, I_A, is widely expressed in central and peripheral neurons. I_A has long been...Full Text Available

2010-10-13

92

Electrophysiological differences between nociceptive and non-nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurones in the rat in vivo

This study investigated whether estradiol influenced the survival of new granule neurons, independent of altering cell proliferation, in the adult rodent dentate gyrus and whether estradiol-induced changes in new neuron number relate to any observed changes in hippocampus-dependent behavior. To test whether estradiol specifically promotes the survival of new neurons we injected castrated adult male meadow voles with the cell synthesis marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU; 50 mg/kg) twice on day 0 and then injected either estradiol (10 microg) or vehicle for 5 consecutive days either over days 1-5, days 6-10 or days 11-15 and perfused them on day 16. Estradiol doubled the number of hippocampal BrdU-labeled neurons but only when administered during a discrete period (days 6-10; P< or =0.01) when most new neurons extend their axons [J Comp Neurol 413 (1999) 146]. To test whether the ...

2004-01-01

93

Ophidian envenomation strategies and the role of purines.

Intracellular recordings were made from 1022 somatic lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones in anaesthetized adult rats, classified from dorsal root conduction velocities (CVs) as C, Aδ...Full Text Available

2005-06-15

94

Spike-train bifurcation scaling in two coupled chaotic neurons

Snake envenomation employs three well integrated strategies: prey immobilization via hypotension, prey immobilization via paralysis, and prey digestion. Purines (adenosine, guanosine and inosine) evidently play a central role in the envenomation strategies of most advanced snakes. Purines constitute the perfect multifunctional toxins, participating simultaneously in all three envenomation strategies. Because they are endogenous regulatory compounds in all vertebrates, it is impossible for any prey organism to develop resistance to them. Purine generation from endogenous precursors in the prey explains the presence of many hitherto unexplained enzyme activities in snake venoms: 5'-nucleotidase, endonucleases (including ribonuclease), phosphodiesterase, ATPase, ADPase, phosphomonoesterase, and NADase. Phospholipases A(2), cytotoxins, myotoxins, and heparinase also participate in purine liberation, in addition to their better known functions. Adenosine contributes to ...

2002-04-01

95

Short-term synaptic plasticity in the auditory brain stem by using in-vivo-like stimulation parameters

We investigate the variation of the out-of-phase periodic rhythm produced by two chaotic neurons {bold (}Hindmarsh-Rose neurons [J. L. Hindmarsh and R. M. Rose, Proc. R. Soc. London B {bold 221}, 87 (1984)]{bold )} coupled by electrical and reciprocally synaptic connections. The exploration of a two-parametric bifurcation diagram, as a function of the strength of the electrical and inhibitory coupling, reveals that the periodic rhythms associated to the limit cycles bounded by saddle-node bifurcations, undergo a strong variation as a function of small changes of electrical coupling. We found that there is a scaling law for the bifurcations of the limit cycles as a function of the strength of both couplings. From the functional point of view of this mixed typed of coupling, the small variation of electrical coupling provides a high sensitivity for period regulation inside the regime of out-of-phase synchronization. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital ...

1997-03-01

96

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Reduced systems such as brain slices offer a powerful approach to study the physiology of auditory neurons in great detail. However, when studying auditory nuclei in reduced systems such as brain slices, especially highly active auditory brain stem nuclei, one has to be aware that the unphysiological lack of activity in the reduced system compared to the in-vivo situation has a number of important effects on the neurons under investigation, and thus on the data that are measured. Most importantly, the lack of chronic activity in the slice preparation has important effects on the properties of short-term plasticity of the synapses. The main purpose of this article is to discuss how spontaneous activity in auditory neurons, or the lack thereof, can affect the data measured.

2011-01-01

97

Septal stimulation inhibits spinal cord dorsal horn neuronal activity

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used for relieving chronic pain in patients that have been through other existing options. The septum has been one of the targets for such treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of electrical stimulation in the medial septum diagonal band of broca (MSDB) on neuronal activity in the spinal cord of rats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. While unilaterally stimulating the MSDB, wide dynamic range neurons in the lumbar region of the spinal cord were recorded in response to graded mechanical stimulation of the hind paws (brush, pressure, and pinch). Stimulation was at 1, 5, 10, and 20V, at 100Hz, and 0.1ms duration. Significant bilateral reduction was observed in response to pressure (ipsilaterally: 0.90+/-0.05, 0....

2011-01-01

98

Response variability in balanced cortical networks

A systematic RNAi screen reveals involvement of endocytic pathway in neuronal dysfunction in a-synuclein transgenic C. elegans

We study the spike statistics of neurons in a network with dynamically balanced excitation and inhibition. Our model, intended to represent a generic cortical column, comprises randomly connected excitatory and inhibitory leaky integrate-and-fire neurons, driven by excitatory input from an external population. The high connectivity permits a mean field description in which synaptic currents can be treated as gaussian noise, the mean and autocorrelation function of which are calculated self-consistently from the firing statistics of single model neurons. Within this description, a wide range of Fano factors is possible. We find that the irregularity of spike trains is controlled mainly by the strength of the synapses relative to the difference between the firing threshold and the postfiring reset level of the membrane potential. For moderately strong synapses, we find spike statistics very similar to those observed in ...

2006-01-01

99

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Mutations or multiplications in a-synuclein gene cause familial forms of Parkinson disease or dementia with Lewy bodies (LB), and the deposition of wild-type a-synuclein as LB occurs as a hallmark lesion of these disorders, collectively referred to as synucleinopathies, implicating a-synuclein in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathy. To identify modifier genes of a-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity, we conducted an RNAi screen in transgenic C. elegans (Tg worms) that overexpress human a-synuclein in a pan-neuronal manner. To enhance the RNAi effect in neurons, we crossed a-synuclein Tg worms with an RNAi-enhanced mutant eri-1 strain. We tested RNAi of 1673 genes related to nervous system or synaptic functions, and identified 10 genes that, upon knockdown, caused severe growth/motor abnormalit...

2008-01-01

100

Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging in Malformations of Cortical Development

Zinc release from thapsigargin/IP3-sensitive stores in cultured cortical neurons

Background: Malformations of cortical development vary in neuronal maturity and level of functioning. Purpose: To characterize regional relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and difference in first moment transit time (TTfm) in polymicrogyria and cortical tubers using magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging. Material and Methods: MR imaging and dynamic T2*-weighted MR perfusion imaging were performed in 13 patients with tuberous sclerosis complex, 10 with polymicrogyria, and 18 controls with developmental delay but no macroscopic brain abnormality. Regions of interest were placed in cortical tubers or polymicrogyric cortex and in the contralateral normal-appearing side in patients with malformations. In 'control' subjects, regions of interest were placed in the frontal and parietal lobes in both hemispheres. The rCBV and TTfm of the tuber/contralateral side (rCBVRTSC and TTFMTSC) as well as those of the polymicrogyria/contralateral side ...

2007-10-01

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101

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Activity is Required to Control Neuronal Stress Responses in an mTOR-Dependent Manner

BackgroundChanges in ionic concentration have a fundamental effect on numerous physiological processes. For example, IP₃-gated thapsigargin sensitive intracellular calcium...Full Text Available

102

Tone-Specific and Nonspecific Plasticity of the Auditory Cortex Elicited by Pseudoconditioning: Role of Acetylcholine Receptors and the Somatosensory Cortex

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes and frequently results in...Full Text Available

2009-05-06

103

The human Tp53 Arg72Pro polymorphism explains different functional prognosis in stroke

Experience-dependent plastic changes in the central sensory systems are due to activation of both the sensory and neuromodulatory systems. Nonspecific changes of cortical auditory neurons elicited by...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

104

Tarantula Huwentoxin-IV Inhibits Neuronal Sodium Channels by Binding to Receptor Site 4 and Trapping the Domain II Voltage Sensor in the Closed Configuration*S?

The functional outcome after stroke is unpredictable; it is not accurately predicted by clinical pictures upon hospital admission. The presence of apoptotic neurons in the ischemic penumbra and perihematoma...Full Text Available

2011-03-14

105

Synapse-Associated Protein 102/dlgh3 Couples the NMDA Receptor to Specific Plasticity Pathways and Learning Strategies

Peptide toxins with high affinity, divergent pharmacological functions, and isoform-specific selectivity are powerful tools for investigating the structure-function relationships of voltage-gated...Full Text Available

2008-10-03

106

Susceptibility of human primary neuronal cells to Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-related (XMRV) virus infection

Understanding the mechanisms whereby information encoded within patterns of action potentials is deciphered by neurons is central to cognitive psychology. The multiprotein complexes formed by...Full Text Available

2007-03-07

107

Stimulation of the Rat Subthalamic Nucleus is Neuroprotective Following Significant Nigral Dopamine Neuron Loss

BackgroundXenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-related (XMRV) virus is a recently identified mouse gammaretrovirus that has the ability to infect certain human cells. In this study,...Full Text Available

108

Src Kinase Inhibition Decreases Thrombin Induced Injury and Cell Cycle Re-Entry in Striatal Neurons

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is efficacious in treating the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the impact of STN-DBS on the progression...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

109

Shared versus specialized glycinergic spinal interneurons in axial motor circuits of larval zebrafish

Since Src kinase inhibitors decrease brain injury produced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and thrombin is activated following ICH, this study determined whether Src kinase inhibitors decrease...Full Text Available

2008-05-01

110

Role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Bone Repair after Cyclic Fatigue Loading

The neuronal networks in spinal cord can produce a diverse array of motor behaviors. In aquatic vertebrates such as fishes and tadpoles, these include escape behaviors, swimming across a range...Full Text Available

2008-11-26

111

Progression of Neuronal and Synaptic Remodeling in the rd10 Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa

BackgroundCalcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that is abundant in the sensory neurons which innervate bone. The effects of CGRP on isolated bone cells have been...Full Text Available

112

Potassium channels as a potential therapeutic target for trigeminal neuropathic and inflammatory pain

The Pde6b^rd10 (rd10) mouse has a moderate rate of photoreceptor degeneration and serves as a valuable model for human autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

113

Oligodendrocyte-Myelin Glycoprotein and Nogo Negatively Regulate Activity-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity

Previous studies in several different trigeminal nerve injury/inflammation models indicated that the hyperexcitability of primary afferent neurons contributes to the pain pathway underlying mechanical...Full Text Available

114

New insights into purinergic receptor signaling in neuronal differentiation, neuroprotection, and brain disorders

In the adult mammalian CNS, the growth inhibitors oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp) and the reticulon RTN4 (Nogo) are broadly expressed in oligodendrocytes and neurons. Nogo and OMgp...Full Text Available

2010-09-15

115

Neurons derived from reprogrammed fibroblasts functionally integrate into the fetal brain and improve symptoms of rats with Parkinson's disease

Ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y purinergic receptors are expressed in the central nervous system and participate in the synaptic process particularly associated with acetylcholine, GABA, and glutamate...Full Text Available

2007-09-01

116

Neonatal E. coli infection alters glial, cytokine, and neuronal gene expression in response to acute amphetamine in adolescent rats

The long-term goal of nuclear transfer or alternative reprogramming approaches is to create patient-specific donor cells for transplantation therapy, avoiding immunorejection, a major complication in...Full Text Available

2008-04-15

117

Mutations in CHMP2B in Lower Motor Neuron Predominant Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Neonatal bacterial infection in rats alters the responses to a variety of subsequent challenges later in life. Here we explored the effects of neonatal bacterial infection on a subsequent drug...Full Text Available

2010-04-19

118

Mapping the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Calcium Signaling in Cellular Neural Networks Using Optical Flow

BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a common late-onset neurodegenerative disease, is associated with fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) in 3–10% of patients....Full Text Available

119

Long-term cortical plasticity evoked by electric stimulation and acetylcholine applied to the auditory cortex

An optical flow gradient algorithm was applied to spontaneously forming networks of neurons and glia in culture imaged by fluorescence optical microscopy in order to map functional calcium signaling...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

120

Localized direction selective responses in the dendrites of visual interneurons of the fly

Auditory fear conditioning with tone bursts followed by electric leg stimulation activates neurons not only in the auditory and somatosensory systems but also in many other regions of the brain and...Full Text Available

2005-06-28

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121

Lentiviral vector-mediated stable expression of sTNFR-Fc in human macrophage and neuronal cells as a potential therapy for neuroAIDS

BackgroundThe various tasks of visual systems, including course control, collision avoidance and the detection of small objects, require at the neuronal level the dendritic integration...Full Text Available

122

Involvement of AMP-activated-protein-kinase (AMPK) in neuronal amyloidogenesis

BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection frequently causes neurologic disease, which is the result of viral replication and activation of macrophages and microglia...Full Text Available

123

Influence of atrial stretch receptors on hypothalamic neurosecretory neurones.

AMP-activated-protein-kinase (AMPK) is a key sensor and regulator of cellular and whole-body energy metabolism and plays a key role in regulation of lipid metabolism. Since lipid metabolism...Full Text Available

2010-09-03

124

Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Restoration of Experience-Dependent Place Field Expansion Plasticity in Aged Rats

1. The effects of stimulation of atrial receptors on hypothalamic neurosecretory cells were investigated in anaesthetized dogs and cats. Atrial receptors were activated by stretching the left and the...Full Text Available

1978-12-01

125

Genome-Wide Transcriptome Profiling of Region-Specific Vulnerability to Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus

Place fields of hippocampal pyramidal cells expand asymmetrically when adult rats repeatedly follow the same route. This behaviorally-induced expression of neuronal plasticity utilizes an NMDA_R-dependent,...Full Text Available

2008-06-01

126

Genetic Association Analysis of NOS1 and Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis Among Japanese

Neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress (OS), whereas those in CA3 are resistant. To uncover mechanisms for selective CA1 vulnerability to OS, we...Full Text Available

2007-08-01

127

From Rapid Place Learning to Behavioral Performance: A Key Role for the Intermediate Hippocampus

The neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS1) is located at 12q24, a susceptibility region for schizophrenia, and produces nitric oxide (NO). NO has been reported to play important...Full Text Available

2011-03-01

128

Factors governing the periodic activation of supraoptic and paraventricular neurosecretory cells during suckling in the rat.

Rapid place encoding by hippocampal neurons, as reflected by place-related firing, has been intensely studied, whereas the substrates that translate hippocampal place codes into behavior have received...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

129

Effects of Protons and HZE Particles on Glutamate Transport in Astrocytes, Neurons and Mixed Cultures

1. One hundred and thirty-two antidromically identified paraventricular (PV) and supraoptic (SO) neurones were studied during milk ejection evoked by the suckling of the young, in thirty-four lactating...Full Text Available

1975-09-01

130

Effective Reduced Diffusion-Models: A Data Driven Approach to the Analysis of Neuronal Dynamics

... ions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell Culture Culture of NT2/D1 cells was carried out as described previously (18, 19). NT2 cells were plated at a density of 2. ... ...

131

ESTROGEN AND ADULT NEUROGENESIS IN THE AMYGDALA AND HYPOTHALAMUS

We introduce in this paper a new method for reducing neurodynamical data to an effective diffusion equation, either experimentally or using simulations of biophysically detailed models. The dimensionality...Full Text Available

2009-12-01

132

Downregulation of Serum Gonadotropins is as Effective as Estrogen Replacement at Improving Menopause-Associated Cognitive Deficits

In mammals, adult neurogenesis has been extensively studied in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and subventricular zone. However, newly proliferated neurons have also been documented in...Full Text Available

2008-03-01

133

Dose Optimization for Long-term rAAV-mediated RNA Interference in the Nigrostriatal Projection Neurons

While estrogen (E2) is thought to play an important role in age-related cognitive decline, neuronal plasticity, as well as the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), the mechanisms by which...Full Text Available

2010-02-01

134

Developmental alcohol exposure disrupts circadian regulation of BDNF in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus

Short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)–mediated gene knockdown is a powerful tool for targeted gene silencing and an emerging novel therapeutic strategy. Recent publications, however, reported unexpected...Full Text Available

2009-09-01

135

Computational simulation of vasopressin secretion using a rat model of the water and electrolyte homeostasis

In rats, damage to neuronal populations in some brain regions occurs in response to neonatal alcohol exposure coinciding with the period of rapid brain growth. These alcohol-induced defects...Full Text Available

2004-01-01

136

Clarke's Column Neurons as the Focus of a Corticospinal Corollary Circuit

BackgroundIn mammals, vasopressin (AVP) is released from magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus when osmotic pressure exceeds a fixed set-point. AVP participates to the hydromineral...Full Text Available

137

Chronic immobilisation stress ameliorates clinical score and neuroinflammation in a MOG-induced EAE in Dark Agouti rats: mechanisms implicated

Proprioceptive sensory signals inform the CNS of the consequences of motor acts, but effective motor planning involves internal neural systems capable of anticipating actual sensory feedback....Full Text Available

2010-10-01

138

Capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons are involved in the plasma catecholamine response of rats to selective stressors.

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is the endpoint of a complex and still poorly understood process which results in inflammation, demyelination and axonal and neuronal degeneration....Full Text Available

139

Antibodies against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and destruction of enteric neurons in 3 patients suffering from gastrointestinal dysfunction

1. The effect of capsaicin pre-treatment on adrenal catecholamine (CA) secretion in response to stress is controversial. In earlier experiments performed under pentobarbitone anaesthesia, the release...Full Text Available

1991-02-01

140

Aging alters the expression of neurotransmission-regulating proteins in the hippocampal synaptoproteome

BackgroundAntibodies against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gastrointestinal dysmotility have been found after treatment with GnRH analogues. The aim of this study was...Full Text Available

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141

A Kinetic Model of Dopamine- and Calcium-Dependent Striatal Synaptic Plasticity

Decreased cognitive performance reduces independence and quality of life for aging individuals. Healthy brain aging does not involve significant neuronal loss, but little is known about the...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

142

A Hot New Twist to Hair Biology

Corticostriatal synapse plasticity of medium spiny neurons is regulated by glutamate input from the cortex and dopamine input from the substantia nigra. While cortical stimulation alone results in long-term...Full Text Available

2010-02-01

143

Sudden infant death syndrome and placental disorders: the thyroid-selenium link.

The vanilloid receptor-1 (VR1, or transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor, TRPV1) is activated by capsaicin, the key ingredient of hot peppers. TRPV1 was originally described on sensory neurons...Full Text Available

2005-04-01

144

Chronic treatment with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) during pregnancy and lactation in the rat

Placental insufficiency, inducing hypoxia-ischaemia, is considered a major cause of neuronal injury and impaired post natal development. Placental insufficiency alters the metabolism of arachidonic acid and its oxidation products. Premature labour and low-birth-weight infants are associated with reduced intrauterine blood-flow and infections of the reproductive tract. Thyroidal activity is depressed in undernutrition (placental insufficiency). Premature infants require extra vitamin C for normal tyrosine metabolism (tyrosine is the thyroxine precursor). Among the symptoms indicating infantile cretinism, which appear during 3-5 months of age are: delayed union of skull bones, torpid behaviour, slow feeding, cyanosis during feeding, excessive sleepiness, enlarged tongue, umbilical herniation, flabby musculature, short stature and delayed development. These symptoms have all been described in low-birth-weight infants and ...

1997-04-01

145

Rapid clearance of iodine-131 MIBG from the heart and liver of patients with adrenergic dysfunction and pheochromocytoma

The gender-specific expression pattern of aromatase and 5alpha-reductases (5alpha-R) during brain development provides neurons the right amount of estradiol and DHT to induce a dimorphic organization of the structure. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are endocrine disruptive pollutants; exposure to PCBs through placental transfer and breast-feeding may adversely affect the organizational action of sex steroid, resulting in long-term alteration of reproductive neuroendocrinology. The study was aimed at: a) evaluating the hypothalamic expression of aromatase, 5alpha-R1 and 5alpha-R2 in fetuses (GD20), infant (PN12), weaning (PN21) and young adult (PN60) male and female rats exposed to PCBs during development; b) correlating these parameters with the time of testicular descent, puberty onset, estrous cyclicity and copulatory behavior; c) evaluating possible alterations of some non reproductive behaviors (locomotion, learning ...

2009-08-15

146

Neuroinflammation and brain infections: Historical context and current perspectives

Iodine-131 MIBG, a radiolabeled adrenergic neuron-blocking agent, decreased rapidly from the heart and liver of patients with adrenergic dysfunction and pheochromocytoma when compared with eight controls. However, there was no significant difference in the rate of (/sup 131/I)MIBG decrease in these organs between controls and patients in the intervals subsequent to 4 hr. These findings suggest that adrenergic neuronal uptake of (/sup 131/I)MIBG in these organs is smaller in the patients than in the controls. Measurements of time-activity relationships of radioiodinated MIBG may be useful for assessment of adrenergic function of these organs and thus of generalized disorders of adrenergic innervation.

1985-04-01

147

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An overview of current concepts on neuroinflammation and on the dialogue between neurons and non-neuronal cells in three important infections of the central nervous systems (rabies, cerebral malaria, and human African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness) is here presented. Large numbers of cases affected by these diseases are currently reported. In the context of an issue dedicated to Camillo Golgi, historical notes on seminal discoveries on these diseases are also presented. Neuroinflammation is currently closely associated with pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammatory signaling in brain infections is instead relatively neglected in the neuroscience community, despite the fact that the above infections provide paradigmatic examples of alterations o...

2011-01-01

148

A wirelessly powered and controlled device for optical neural control of freely-behaving animals.

Regulatory role of neuron-restrictive silencing factor in expression of TRPC1

Optogenetics, the ability to use light to activate and silence specific neuron types within neural networks in vivo and in vitro, is revolutionizing neuroscientists' capacity to understand how defined neural circuit elements contribute to normal and pathological brain functions. Typically, awake behaving experiments are conducted by inserting an optical fiber into the brain, tethered to a remote laser, or by utilizing an implanted light-emitting diode (LED), tethered to a remote power source. A fully wireless system would enable chronic or longitudinal experiments where long duration tethering is impractical, and would also support high-throughput experimentation. However, the high power requirements of light sources (LEDs, lasers), especially in the context of the extended illumination periods often desired in experiments, precludes battery-powered approaches from being widely applicable. We have developed a headborne device weighing 2 g ...

2011-06-23

149

Selective vulnerability of dorsal root ganglia neurons in experimental rabies after peripheral inoculation of CVS-11 in adult mice

Neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) binds its consensus element to repress the transcription of various genes. The dominant-negative form (dnNRSF) has a hypertrophic effect on cardiogenesis through an unidentified mechanism. We examined the involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel proteins, using transgenic mice overexpressing dnNRSF (dnNRSF mice). Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays revealed an interaction between NRSF and a neuron-restrictive silencer element-like sequence in intron 4 of TRPC1 genomic DNA. According to RT-PCR and Western analyses, TRPC1 was up-regulated in dnNRSF mouse heart. Transient overexpression of TRPC1 in HEK 293T cells increased the activity of the nuclear factor in activated T cells (NFAT) promoter and stimulated store-operated Ca"2"+ channel (SOCC)-mediated Ca"2"+ entry. Transfection of TRPC1 into primary cardiomyocytes increased NFAT activity, indicating a major role for TRPC1 in NFAT ...

2006-12-22

150

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The involvement of dorsal root ganglia was studied in an in vivo model of experimental rabies virus infection using the challenge virus standard (CVS-11) strain. Dorsal root ganglia neurons infected with CVS in vitro show prolonged survival and few morphological changes, and are commonly used to study the infection. It has been established that after peripheral inoculation of mice with CVS the brain and spinal cord show relatively few neurodegenerative changes, but detailed studies of pathological changes in dorsal root ganglia have not previously been performed in this in vivo experimental model. In this study, adult ICR mice were inoculated in the right hindlimb footpad with CVS. Spinal cords and dorsal root ganglia were evaluated at serial time points for histopathological and ultrastru...

2009-01-01

151

Resurgent Na^+ current: A new avenue to neuronal excitability control

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Integrative and firing properties are important characteristics of neuronal circuits and these responses are determined in large part by the repertoire of ion channels they express, which can vary considerably between cell types. Recently, a new mode of operation of voltage dependent sodium channels has been described that generates a so-called resurgent Na^+ current. Accumulating evidence suggests resurgent Na current participates in the generation of sub-threshold inward Na^+ current causing membrane depolarization which provides the necessary drive to fire high-frequency action potentials. Recent studies indicate that resurgent Na^+ current could be a more widespread feature than previously thought.

2011-01-01

152

Pentobarbital anesthesia alters neural responses in the precedence effect

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The precedence effect (PE) is thought to be beneficial for proper localization and perception of sounds. The majority of recent physiological studies focus on the neural discharges correlated with PE in the inferior colliculus (IC). Pentobarbital anesthesia is widely used in physiological studies. However, little is known of the effect of pentobarbital on the discharge of neurons in PE. Neuronal responses in the IC from 23 male SD rats were recorded by standard extracellular recording techniques following presentation of 4ms white noise bursts, presented from either or both of two loud speakers, at different interstimulus delays (ISDs). The neural responses were recorded for off-line analysis before or after intraperitoneal administration of pentobarbital at a loading or maintenance dose. ...

2011-01-01

153

GABAB Receptors Modulate NMDA Receptor Calcium Signals in Dendritic Spines

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary Metabotropic GABAB receptors play a fundamental role in modulating the excitability of neurons and circuits throughout the brain. These receptors influence synaptic transmission by inhibiting presynaptic release or activating postsynaptic potassium channels. However, their ability to directly influence different types of postsynaptic glutamate receptors remains unresolved. Here we examine GABAB receptor modulation in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons from the mouse prefrontal cortex. We use two-photon laser-scanning microscopy to study synaptic modulation at individual dendritic spines. Using two-photon optical quantal analysis, we first demonstrate robust presynaptic modulation of multivesicular release at single synapses. Using two-photon glutamate uncaging, we then reveal that GABAB r...

2010-01-01

154

Evidence for involvement of the astrocytic benzodiazepine receptor in the mechanism of action of convulsant and anticonvulsant drugs

Application of feedback connection artificial neural network to seismic data filtering

The anticonvulsant drugs carbamazepine, phenobarbital, trimethadione, valproic acid and ethosuximide at pharmacologically relevant concentrations inhibit (/sup 3/H)diazepam binding to astrocytes in primary cultures but have much less effect on a corresponding preparation of neurons. Phenytoin as well as pentobarbital (which is not used chronically as an anticonvulsant) are equipotent in the two cell types. The convulsants picrotoxinin and pentylenetetrazol, the convulsant benzodiazepine RO 5-3663 and the two convulsant barbiturates DMBB and CHEB similarly inhibit diazepam binding to astrocytes but have little effect on neurons. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that these convulsants and anticonvulsants owe at least part of their effect to an interaction with the astrocytic benzodiazepine receptor, perhaps by interference with a calcium channel.

1988-01-01

155

Amphiphysin (Amph) maps to the proximal region of mouse chromosome 13

The Elman artificial neural network (ANN) (feedback connection) was used for seismic data filtering. The recurrent connection that characterizes this network offers the advantage of storing values from the previous time step to be used in the current time step. The proposed structure has the advantage of training simplicity by a back-propagation algorithm (steepest descent). Several trials were addressed on synthetic (with 10% and 50% of random and Gaussian noise) and real seismic data using respectively 10 to 30 neurons and a minimum of 60 neurons in the hidden layer. Both an iteration number up to 4000 and arrest criteria were used to obtain satisfactory performances. Application of such networks on real data shows that the filtered seismic section was efficient. Adequate cross-validation test is done to ensure the performance of network on new data sets.

2008-01-01

156

Up-Regulation of the RhoA/Rho-Kinase Signaling Pathway in Corpus Cavernosum from Endothelial Nitric-Oxide Synthase (NOS), but Not Neuronal NOS, Null Mice

Amphiphysin is a protein concentrated in neuronal synapses and peripherally associated with neurotransmitter vesicles. It is expressed in many neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems, in the adrenal medulla, in the anterior and posterior pituitary, in cell lines of the endocrine pancreas, and in spermatocytes. Its subcellular localization and tissue distribution indicate a potential involvement in mechanisms of regulated exocytosis. A role in the dynamic organization of the membrane-associated cytoskeleton is suggested by structural homology to the products of two yeast genes, RVS161 and RVS167, whose mutation results in an abnormal actin distribution, disturbs budding morphology, and impairs cell entry into stationary phase. Limited stretches of sequence similarity, including an SH3 domain, are also shared with other actin-binding proteins. Amphiphysin is the dominant autoantigen in paraneoplastic Stiff-Man syndrome, a ...

1995-07-20

157

The Me31B DEAD-Box Helicase Localizes to Postsynaptic Foci and Regulates Expression of a CaMKII Reporter mRNA in Dendrites of Drosophila Olfactory Projection Neurons

We tested the hypothesis that the basal release of nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial cells modulates contractile activity in the corpus cavernosum (CC) via inhibition of the RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling...Full Text Available

2010-04-01

158

mRNP granules at adult central synapses are postulated to regulate local mRNA translation and synapse plasticity. However, they are very poorly characterized in vivo. Here, in Drosophila...Full Text Available

159

TED | Profile

Studies of neural networks for engine control: application to the electromechanical valves engine; Etudes des reseaux de neurones pour le controle moteur: application a soupapes electromecaniques

... The dawn of Bio-Mecha and a Biomechanical Revolution May 31 2011: Hi Julian, Yes, but i dont think we would ... The dawn of Bio-Mecha and a Biomechanical Revolution May 31 2011: A BBC Documentary: All Watched Over by Machines of Loving ... The dawn of Bio-Mecha and a Biomechanical Revolution May 17 2011: Ed Boyden: A light switch for neurons is an amazing ... The dawn of Bio-Mecha and a Biomechanical Revolution May 16 2011: Thank you Meher Like Spring Rabbit, its a great contribution....

160

Purinergic receptors are involved in tooth-pulp evoked nocifensive behavior and brainstem neuronal activity

This paper deals with the control of an electromechanical valves engine. The control uses neural networks in order to build a non-linear model of engine filing which depends on the driven inlets. The aim is to build this real-time model and to integrate this model to a control system which performs an iterative inversion. (J.S.)

1997-12-31

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161

Propolis derivatives inhibit the systemic inflammatory response and protect hepatic and neuronal cells in acute septic shock

BackgroundTo evaluate whether P2X receptors are involved in responses to noxious pulp stimulation, the P2X₃and P2X_2/3receptor agonist α,β-methyleneATP...Full Text Available

162

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english BACKGROUND: Severe pathogenic infection triggers excessive release of cytokines as part of the massive inflammatory response associated with septic shock. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the protective effect of caffeic acid phenethye ester (CAPE) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced endotoxemia, hepatic and neuronal damage and the associated systemic inflammatory response (SIR). METHODS: Fifty male Wister rats were divided into: control, LPS, and CAPE+LPS groups. Plasma c (more) oncentrations of various cytokines, including TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-1?, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, and sICAM-1 were evaluated. In addition, the histopathological changes in the hepatic and neural cells were assessed. RESULTS: The LPS group showed high inflammatory cytokines and sICAM-1 levels reflecting the presence of SIR. Hepatocyte necrosis, apoptosis, extensive hemorrhage and inflammatory cellular infiltration together with brain astrocytes swelling, early ...

2011-08-01

163

Propofol induces ERK-dependant expression of c-Fos and Egr-1 in neuronal cells

Identification of a Drosophila G protein alpha subunit (dGq alpha-3) expressed in chemosensory cells and central neurons.

This study explored the effects of propofol on c-Fos and Egr-1 in neuroblastoma (N2A) cells. We demonstrate that propofol induced the expression of c-Fos and Egr-1 within 30 and 60 min of exposure...Full Text Available

2009-05-06

164

Differential Roles for STIM1 and STIM2 in Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Rat Neurons

We have identified another Drosophila GTP-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit, dGq alpha-3. Transcripts encoding dGq alpha-3 are derived from alternative splicing of the dGq alpha locus previously...Full Text Available

1995-12-05

165

CNS Expression of B7-H1 Regulates Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production and Alters Severity of Theiler's Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease

The interaction between Ca²⁺ sensors STIM1 and STIM2 and Ca²⁺ channel-forming protein ORAI1 is a crucial element of ...Full Text Available

166

Androgen Regulates the Sexually Dimorphic Gastrin-Releasing Peptide System in the Lumbar Spinal Cord that Mediates Male Sexual Function

The CNS is a unique organ due to its limited capacity for immune surveillance. As macrophages of the CNS, microglia represent a population originally known for the ability to assist neuronal stability,...Full Text Available

167

Advancing Age Alters the Contribution of Calcium Release From Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Stores in Superior Cervical Ganglion Cells

A collection of neurons in the upper lumbar spinal cord of male rats projects to the lower lumbar spinal cord, releasing gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) onto somatic and autonomic centers known to regulate...Full Text Available

2009-08-01

168

Functional MRI of the visual cortex and visual testing in patients with previous optic neuritis.

In superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons calcium-induced calcium release (CICR), mediated by ryanodine receptors (RyRs), contributes to stimulation-evoked intracellular calcium ([Ca²⁺]_i)...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

169

Cloning and mapping of the mouse {alpha}7-neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

The volume of cortical activation as detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the visual cortex has previously been shown to be reduced following optic neuritis (ON). In order to understand the cause of this change, we studied the cortical activation, both the size of the activated area and the signal change following ON, and compared the results with results of neuroophthalmological testing. We studied nine patients with previous acute ON and 10 healthy persons served as controls using fMRI with visual stimulation. In addition to a reduced activated volume, patients showed a reduced blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal increase and a greater asymmetry in the visual cortex, compared with controls. The volume of visual cortical activation was significantly correlated to the result of the contrast sensitivity test. The BOLD signal increase correlated significantly to both the results of the contrast sensitivity test and to the Snellen visual acuity. Our ...

2002-01-01

170

Calmodulin Kinase II Interacts with the Dopamine Transporter C Terminus to Regulate Amphetamine-Induced Reverse Transport

We report the isolation of cDNA clones for the mouse {alpha}7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit (gene symbol Acra7), the only nicotinic receptor subunit known to bind a-bungarotoxin in mammalian brain. This gene may have relevance to nicotine sensitivity and to some electrophysiologic findings in schizophrenia. The mouse {alpha}7 subunit gene encodes a protein of 502 amino acids with substantial identity to the rat (99.6%), human (92.8%), and chicken (87.5%) amino acid sequences. The {alpha}7 gene was mapped to mouse chromosome 7 near the p locus with the following gene order from proximal to distal: Myod1-3.5 {+-}1.7 cM-Gas2-0.9 cM {+-} 0.9 cM-D7Mit70-1.8 {+-} 1.2 cM- Acra7-4.4 {+-}1.0 cM-Hras1-ps11/Igf1r/Snrp2a. The human gene was confirmed to map to the homologous region of human chromosome 15q13-q14. 26 refs., 3 figs.

1995-03-20

171

Action Potentials in a Giant Algal Cell: A Comparative Approach to Mechanisms and Evolution of Excitability

Efflux of dopamine through the dopamine transporter (DAT) is critical for the psychostimulatory properties of amphetamines, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we show that Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays a key role in this efflux. CaMKIIalpha bound to the distal C terminus of DAT and colocalized with DAT in dopaminergic neurons. CaMKIIalpha stimulated dopamine efflux via DAT in response to amphetamine in heterologous cells and in dopaminergic neurons. CaMKIIalpha phosphorylated serines in the distal N terminus of DAT in vitro, and mutation of these serines eliminated the stimulatory effects of CaMKIIalpha. A mutation of the DAT C terminus impairing CaMKIIalpha binding also impaired amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux. An in vivo role for CaMKII was supported by chronoamperometry measurements showing reduced amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux in response to the CaMKII inhibitor KN93. Our data suggest that ...

2006-01-01

172

Hypothalamic control of energy and glucose metabolism

The giant alga Chara corallina generates action potentials (APs) in response to mechanical stimulation, injury, or direct electrical stimulation. Students examine the waveform characteristics of these APs using standard intracellular recording techniques. Intracellular recording is easier than with neurons because of the large size of the Chara cell. Students observe very negative resting potentials (up to -250 mV), large AP amplitudes with depolarizing peaks approaching 0 mV, AP durations of seconds, and refractory periods up to several minutes. Students calculate Nernst potentials for the ions distributed across the Chara cell membrane to hypothesize the ions responsible for the resting potential and for the depolarizing phase of the AP. These calculations suggest that K+ is responsible for the resting potential and that Ca2+ influx and Ca2+-activated Cl- efflux are responsible for depolarizing phases of the AP, which they are. Comparison of the Chara AP ...

2008-06-11

173

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The central nervous system (CNS), generally accepted to regulate energy homeostasis, has been implicated in the metabolic perturbations that either cause or are associated with obesity. Normally, the CNS receives hormonal, metabolic, and neuronal input to assure adequate energy levels and maintain stable energy homeostasis. Recent evidence also supports that the CNS uses these same inputs to regulate glucose homeostasis and this aspect of CNS regulation also becomes impaired in the face of dietary-induced obesity. This review focuses on the literature surrounding hypothalamic regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis and discusses how dysregulation of this system may contribute to obesity and T2DM.

2011-01-01

174

Paraquat induces oxidative stress and neuronal cell death; neuroprotection by water-soluble Coenzyme Q_1_0

Involvement of a glutamergic mechanism in gamma-dendrotoxin-induced hippocampal neuronal cell loss in the rat.

Neuronal cell death induced by oxidative stress is correlated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. The causes of sporadic forms of age-related neurodegenerative diseases are still unknown. Recently, a correlation between paraquat exposure and neurodegenerative diseases has been observed. Paraquat, a nonselective herbicide, was once widely used in North America and is still routinely used in Taiwan. We have used differentiated Human Neuroblastoma (SHSY-5Y) cells as an in vitro model to study the mechanism of cell death induced by paraquat. We observed that paraquat-induced oxidative stress in differentiated SHSY-5Y cells as indicated by an increase in the production of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, apoptosis was evident as indicated by cellular and nuclear morphology and DNA fragmentation. Interestingly, pretreatment of SHSY-5Y cells with water-soluble Coenzyme ...

2004-11-15

175

Uptake of radiolabeled ions in normal and ischemia-damaged brain

The epileptogenic and neurodegenerative effects of gamma-dendrotoxin, from Dendroaspis angusticeps, a specific blocker of a non-inactivating, voltage-sensitive K+ channel, were studied after focal injection into one dorsal hippocampus in rats pretreated with CGP040116, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, and in rats bearing a monolateral surgical lesion of the Schaffer collaterals whose terminals originate from CA3 pyramids and release glutamate in the CA1 hippocampal area. Administration of 35 pmol gamma-dendrotoxin elicited in all of the treated animals (n=8) bilateral EEG discharges and damage to the hippocampal formation. Quantitation of the damage revealed significant bilateral neuronal cell loss in the CA1, CA3 and CA4 pyramidal cell layers. The lowest dose (0.35 pmol; n=4) of the toxin used did not affect EEG activity and failed to cause significant hippocampal cell loss whereas the 3.5 pmol (n=6) dose caused EEG seizures and hippocampal cell ...

2004-03-01

176

Two-photon calcium imaging from head-fixed Drosophila during optomotor walking behavior

The regional concentrations of nine radiochemicals were measured in rat brain after induction of cerebral ischemia to identify tracers concentrated by brain undergoing selective neuronal necrosis. Transient (30 minute) forebrain ischemia was produced in the rat; 24 hours after cerebral recirculation the radiochemicals were injected intravenously and allowed to circulate for 5 hours. The brain concentrations of the radiochemicals in dissected regions were determined by scintillation counting. Forebrain ischemia of this nature will produce extensive injury to striatal neurons but will spare the great majority of neocortical neurons at 24 hours. The regional concentrations of these radiochemicals varied considerably in both control and ischemic animals. In postischemic animals, 4 radionuclides (/sup 63/Ni, /sup 99/TcO/sub 4/, /sup 22/Na, and (/sup 3/H)tetracycline) were concentrated in the irreversibly damaged striatum in ...

1986-05-01

177

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism rich in genetic tools to manipulate and identify neural circuits involved in specific behaviors. Here we present a technique for two-photon calcium imaging in the central brain of head-fixed Drosophila walking on an air-supported ball. The ball's motion is tracked at high resolution and can be treated as a proxy for the fly's own movements. We used the genetically encoded calcium sensor, GCaMP3.0, to record from important elements of the motion-processing pathway, the horizontal-system lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs) in the fly optic lobe. We presented motion stimuli to the tethered fly and found that calcium transients in horizontal-system neurons correlated with robust optomotor behavior during walking. Our technique allows both behavior ...

2010-01-01

178

Tau inhibits tubulin oligomerization induced by prion protein

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In previous studies we have demonstrated that prion protein (PrP) interacts with tubulin and disrupts microtubular cytoskeleton by inducing tubulin oligomerization. These observations may explain the molecular mechanism of toxicity of cytoplasmic PrP in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Here, we check whether microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) that regulate microtubule stability, influence the PrP-induced oligomerization of tubulin. We show that tubulin preparations depleted of MAPs are more prone to oligomerization by PrP than those containing traces of MAPs. Tau protein, a major neuronal member of the MAPs family, reduces the effect of PrP. Importantly, phosphorylation of Tau abolishes its ability to affect the PrP-induced oligomerization of tubulin. We propose that t...

2011-01-01

179

Targeting the nicotinic alpha7 acetylcholine receptor to enhance cognition in disease

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A promising drug target currently under investigation to improve cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders is the neuronal nicotinic alpha7 acetylcholine receptor (a7nAChR). Improving cognitive impairments in diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD) and schizophrenia remains a large unmet medical need, and the a7nAChR has many properties that make it an attractive therapeutic target. The a7nAChR is a ligand gated ion channel that has particularly high permeability to Ca^2^+ and is expressed in key brain regions involved in cognitive processes (e.g., hippocampus). The a7nAChRs are localized both pre-synaptically, where they can regulate neurotransmitter release, and post-synaptically where they can activate intracellular signaling cascades and influence downstream processes...

2011-01-01

180

Selegiline-functionalized, PEGylated poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles: Investigation of interaction with amyloid-b peptide and surface reorganization

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which the research of new treatments is highly challenging. Since the fibrillogenesis of amyloid-b peptide 1-42 (Ab1-42) peptide is considered as a major cause of neuronal degeneration, specific interest has been focused on aromatic molecules for targeting this peptide. In this paper, the synthesis of selegiline-functionalized and fluorescent poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (NPs) and their evaluation for the targeting of the Ab1-42 peptide are reported. The synthetic strategy relied on the design of amphiphilic copolymers by tandem Knoevenagel-Michael addition of cyanoacetate derivatives, followed by their self-assembly in aqueous solutions to give the corresponding NPs. Different cyanoacetates were used: (i) hexadecyl cy...

2011-01-01

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181

Protein expression following heat shock in the nervous system of Locusta migratoria

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

There is a thermal range for the operation of neural circuits beyond which nervous system function is compromised. Locusta migratoria is native to the semiarid regions of the world and provides an excellent model for studying neural phenomena. In this organism previous exposure to sublethal high temperatures (heat shock, HS) can protect neuronal function against future hyperthermia but, unlike many organisms, the profound physiological adaptations are not accompanied by a robust increase of Hsp70 transcript or protein in the nervous system. We compared Hsp70 increase following HS in the tissues of isolated and gregarious locusts to investigate the effect of population density. We also localized Hsp70 in the metathoracic ganglion (MTG) of gregarious locusts to determine if HS affects Hsp70 ...

2011-01-01

182

Neurochemical deficits in the cerebellar vermis in child offspring of parents with bipolar disorder

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Singh MK, Spielman D, Libby A, Adams E, Acquaye T, Howe M, Kelley R, Reiss A, Chang KD. Neurochemical deficits in the cerebellar vermis in child offspring of parents with bipolar disorder.-Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 189-197. 2011 The Authors.-Journal compilation 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives:- We aimed to compare concentrations of N-acetyl aspartate, myo-inositol, and other neurometabolites in the cerebellar vermis of offspring at risk for bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls to examine whether changes in these neuronal metabolite concentrations occur in at-risk offspring prior to the onset of mania. Methods:- A total of 22 children and adolescents aged 9-17-years with a familial risk for bipolar I or II disorder [at-risk offspring with non-bipolar I disorder mood symptoms (AR...

2011-01-01

183

Neural network and noise injection for the modeling of ozone pollution; Reseau de neurones et injection de bruit pour la modelisation de la pollution par l'ozone

Intraprostatic botulinum toxin type A administration: evaluation of the effects on sexual function

This study has been carried out in the framework of a collaboration between the laboratory of processes automation (LAP, Caen (France)), and Air Com, a monitoring network for the prevention of atmospheric pollution in Basse-Normandie. It aims at obtaining a medium and long term forecast of the ozone level above the Caen city. The expected goal is to foresee the pollution peaks exceeding the warning thresholds, but the rareness of such events make them more difficult to predict. In order to solve this kind of problem, a neural modeling method combined with a noise injection technique has been implemented in order to obtain a sufficiently performing model over the whole domain of operation. (J.S.)

2001-07-01

184

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVE --To evaluate the consequences on male sexual function of intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) as a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Although BoNT/A is effective in decreasing symptoms of BPH, neuronal impairment caused by the neurotoxin might affect emission/ejaculation. These aspects have not been evaluated before. PATIENTS AND METHODS --In all, 16 sexually active men aged >60 years with BPH/benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) -8 and a maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) <15mL/s refractory to standard medical therapy volunteered for the study. --Patients were injected transrectally, under ultrasonographic control, with 200U of BoNT/A in the prostate. Evaluation was carried out at baseline and 1, 3 ...

2011-01-01

185

Grid cells generate an analog error-correcting code for singularly precise neural computation

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Entorhinal grid cells in mammals fire as a function of animal location, with spatially periodic response patterns. This nonlocal periodic representation of location, a local variable, is unlike other neural codes. There is no theoretical explanation for why such a code should exist. We examined how accurately the grid code with noisy neurons allows an ideal observer to estimate location and found this code to be a previously unknown type of population code with unprecedented robustness to noise. In particular, the representational accuracy attained by grid cells over the coding range was in a qualitatively different class from what is possible with observed sensory and motor population codes. We found that a simple neural network can effectively correct the grid code. To the best of our kn...

2011-01-01

186

Gonadal hormone modulation of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult male and female rodents

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Gonadal hormones modulate neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus differentially in male and female adult rodents. Neurogenesis is comprised of at least two components: cell proliferation (the production of new cells) and cell survival (the number of new neurons that survive to maturity). Previous studies have found sex differences in the level of cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus only when comparing females in a high estrogen state to males. This review focuses on the effects of acute and chronic levels of estrogens or androgens on hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult male and female rodent. Evidence is also reviewed for the co-localization of androgen receptors and estrogen receptors (ER) with markers for cell proliferation or immature new cell survival. Briefly, evidence suggests that ...

2008-01-01

187

Distributed delays stabilize neural feedback systems

Brain glucose sensing and neural regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion

We consider the effect of distributed delays in neural feedback systems. The avian optic tectum is reciprocally connected with the nucleus isthmi. Extracellular stimulation combined with intracellular recordings reveal a range of signal delays from 4 to 9 ms between isthmotectal elements. This observation together with prior mathematical analysis concerning the influence of a delay distribution on system dynamics raises the question whether a broad delay distribution can impact the dynamics of neural feedback loops. For a system of reciprocally connected model neurons, we found that distributed delays enhance system stability in the following sense. With increased distribution of delays, the system converges faster to a fixed point and converges slower toward a limit cycle. Further, the introduction of distributed delays leads to an increased range of the average delay value for which the system's equilibrium point is stable. The enhancement of stability with ...

2007-01-01

188

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Glucose homeostasis requires the tight regulation of glucose utilization by liver, muscle and white or brown fat, and glucose production and release in the blood by liver. The major goal of maintaining glycemia at -5 mM is to ensure a sufficient flux of glucose to the brain, which depends mostly on this nutrient as a source of metabolic energy. This homeostatic process is controlled by hormones, mainly glucagon and insulin, and by autonomic nervous activities that control the metabolic state of liver, muscle and fat tissue but also the secretory activity of the endocrine pancreas. Activation or inhibition of the sympathetic or parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous systems are controlled by glucose-excited or glucose-inhibited neurons located at different anatomical sites, mainl...

2011-01-01

189

Bilateral primary breast neuroendocrine carcinoma in a young woman: Report of a case

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Bilateral breast carcinoma accounts for approximately 5% of all patients with breast cancer, while neuroendocrine breast carcinomas comprise less than 5% of invasive breast carcinomas. In addition, most patients with breast neuroendocrine carcinomas are older. Therefore, bilateral primary breast neuroendocrine carcinoma at a young age is extremely rare. We herein report bilateral neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast in a 29-year-old woman who underwent bilateral lumpectomy with the initial symptom of bilateral nipple discharge. Grossly, the lesions in both breasts were masses with infinite margins. Histologically, this case was consistent with primary neuroendocrine carcinoma arising in bilateral breasts. Cells from both breast tumors were positive for chromogranin A, neuron-specific eno...

2011-01-01

190

A self-tuning power system stabilizer based on artificial neural network

This paper presents a systematic approach for designing a self-tuning power system stabilizer (PSS) based on artificial neural network (ANN). An ANN is used for self-tuning the parameters of PSS in real-time. The nodes in the input layer of the ANN receive generator terminal active power (P), reactive power (Q), and voltage (V{sub t}), while the nodes in the output layer provide the optimum PSS parameters, e.g. stabilizing gain (K{sub STAB}), time constants (T{sub 1} and T{sub 2}). A new approach for the selection of number of neurons in the hidden layer has been proposed. Investigations reveal that the dynamic performance of the system with self-tuning PSS based on ANN (ST-ANNPSS) is quite robust over a wide range of loading conditions and equivalent reactance, X{sub e}. (Author)

2004-07-01

191

SC Development Programme

Structural Insights into the Interaction of the Evolutionarily Conserved ZPR1 Domain Tandem with Eukaryotic EF1A, Receptors, and SMN Complexes

SC Development Programme

1967-01-01

192

Pentobarbital anesthesia alters neural responses in the precedence effect.

Eukaryotic genomes encode a zinc finger protein (ZPR1) with tandem ZPR1 domains. In response to growth stimuli, ZPR1 assembles into complexes with eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) and the survival motor neurons protein. To gain insight into the structural mechanisms underlying the essential function of ZPR1 in diverse organisms, we determined the crystal structure of a ZPR1 domain tandem and characterized the interaction with eEF1A. The ZPR1 domain consists of an elongation initiation factor 2-like zinc finger and a double-stranded {beta} helix with a helical hairpin insertion. ZPR1 binds preferentially to GDP-bound eEF1A but does not directly influence the kinetics of nucleotide exchange or GTP hydrolysis. However, ZPR1 efficiently displaces the exchange factor eEF1B from preformed nucleotide-free complexes, suggesting that it may function as a negative regulator of eEF1A activation. Structure-based mutational and complementation analyses reveal ...

2007-01-01

193

Neurite outgrowth effect of 4-O-methylhonokiol by induction of neurotrophic factors through ERK activation.

The precedence effect (PE) is thought to be beneficial for proper localization and perception of sounds. The majority of recent physiological studies focus on the neural discharges correlated with PE in the inferior colliculus (IC). Pentobarbital anesthesia is widely used in physiological studies. However, little is known of the effect of pentobarbital on the discharge of neurons in PE. Neuronal responses in the IC from 23 male SD rats were recorded by standard extracellular recording techniques following presentation of 4 ms white noise bursts, presented from either or both of two loud speakers, at different interstimulus delays (ISDs). The neural responses were recorded for off-line analysis before or after intraperitoneal administration of pentobarbital at a loading or maintenance dose. Data were assessed by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons. When the ipsilateral stimuli were leading, pentobarbital at a ...

2011-05-06

194

Kainate-enhanced release of D-(3H)aspartate from cerebral cortex and striatum: reversal by baclofen and pentobarbital

Compounds isolated from Magnolia officinalis such as magnolol, honokiol and obovatol exhibit several pharmacological effects on CNS including depressant, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects, as well as neuroprotective effects against chemical and heat damages. Recently, honokiol was found to have a neurotrophic effect in fetal rat cortical neurons. In the present study, we show that 4-O-methylhonokiol, a novel compound from Magnolia officinalis, promotes neurite outgrowth in a concentration- dependent manner in rat embryonic neuronal cells. In parallel with the neurite outgrowth activity, the expression of neurite outgrowth marker proteins is also increased by treatment with 4-O-methylhonokiol. We also found that 4-O-methylhonokiol promotes the release of NGF and BDNF into cell culture medium. In addition, lower concentration of 4-O-methylhonokiol (1 and 2 lM) further enhanced neurite outgrowth and expression of neurite outgrowth marker ...

2009-12-01

195

Escape behaviour in the stomatopod crustacean Squilla mantis, and the evolution of the caridoid escape reaction.

A study was made of the actions of the excitant neurotoxin, kainic acid, on the uptake and the release of D-(2,3-3H)aspartate (D-ASP) in slices of guinea pig cerebral neocortex and striatum. The slices took up D-ASP, reaching concentrations of the amino acid in the tissue which were 14-23 times that in the medium. Subsequently, electrical stimulation of the slices evoked a Ca2+-dependent release of a portion of the D-ASP. Kainic acid (10(-5)-10(-3) M) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of D-ASP uptake. The electrically evoked release of D-ASP was increased 1.6-2.0 fold by 10(-5) and 10(-4)M kainic acid. The kainate-enlarged release was Ca2+-dependent. Dihydrokainic acid, an analogue of kainic acid with little excitatory or toxic action, did not increase D-ASP release but depressed D-ASP uptake. Attempts were made to block the action of kainic acid with baclofen and pentobarbital, compounds which depress the electrically evoked release of L-glutamate (L-GLU) and L-aspartate (L-ASP). ...

1983-06-01

196

Characterization of neurotoxic effects of NMDA and the novel neuroprotection by phytopolyphenols in mice.

The mantis shrimp Squilla mantis shows a graded series of avoidance/escape responses to visual and mechanical (vibration and touch) rostral stimuli. A low-threshold response is mediated by the simultaneous protraction of the thoracic walking legs and abdominal swimmerets and telson, producing a backwards 'lurch' or jump that can displace the animal by up to one-third of its body length, but leaves it facing in the same direction. A stronger response starts with similar limb protraction, but is followed by partial abdominal flexion. The maximal response also consists of limb protraction followed by abdominal flexion, but in this case the abdominal flexion is sufficiently vigorous to pull the animal into a tight vertical loop, which leaves it inverted and facing away from the stimulus. The animal then swims forward (away from the stimulus) and rights itself by executing a half-roll. A bilaterally paired, large-diameter, rapidly conducting axon in the dorsal region of the ventral nerve ...

2000-01-01

197

Transforming growth factor-b induces nerve growth factor expression in pancreatic stellate cells by activation of the ALK-5 pathway

Excitotoxicity plays a major role in various neurological disorders. In this study, we explored the behavioral and neurotoxic effects of intraventricular NMDA administration in mice. After NMDA injection, acute seizures were followed by impairments in locomotor activity, motor performance on a rotarod, and climbing ability. Mice killed 1 day after NMDA administration showed increased synaptosomal reactive oxygen species ROS production and calcium concentration and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial reductase activities, and neuronal membrane Na+, K+ -ATPase and mg2+ -ATPase activities. One and 3 days after excitotoxic injury, Golgi stains showed that dendritic length and spine density were significantly decreased in neurons of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Some mice received honokiol, tea polyphenol plus memantine, and honokiol plus memantine prior to NMDA treatment; the occurrence of generalized seizures was attenuated, ...

2010-08-01

198

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Nerve growth factor (NGF), a survival factor for neurons enforces pain by sensitizing nociceptors. Also in the pancreas, NGF was associated with pain and it can stimulate the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) respond to NGF with apoptosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-b, one of the strongest pro-fibrogenic activators of pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) induced NGF and its two receptors in an immortalized human cell line (ihPSC) and primary rat PSC (prPSC) as determined by RT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. In contrast to HSC, PSC expressed both NGF receptors, although p75NTR expression was weak in prPSC. In contrast to ihPSC TGF-b activated both Smad signaling cascades in prPSC. NGF secretion was diminished by the activin-like kinase (ALK)...

2009-01-01

199

The neuroimmune-endocrine axis: pathophysiological implications for the central nervous system cytokines and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal hormone dynamics

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english Cytokines are molecules that were initially discovered in the immune system as mediators of communication between various types of immune cells. However, it soon became evident that cytokines exert profound effects on key functions of the central nervous system, such as food intake, fever, neuroendocrine regulation, long-term potentiation, and behavior. In the 80's and 90's our group and others discovered that the genes encoding various cytokines and their receptors are e (more) xpressed in vascular, glial, and neuronal structures of the adult brain. Most cytokines act through cell surface receptors that have one transmembrane domain and which transduce a signal through the JAK/STAT pathway. Of particular physiological and pathophysiological relevance is the fact that cytokines are potent regulators of hypothalamic neuropeptidergic systems that maintain neuroendocrine homeostasis and which regulate the body's response to stress. The mechanisms ...

2000-10-01

200

Species differences in anxiety-related responses in male prairie and meadow voles: the effects of social isolation.

Management of pitfalls for the successful clinical use of hypothermia treatment.

Prairie (Microtus ochrogaster) and meadow voles (M. pennsylvanicus) are closely related species that differ in life strategy and social behaviors, and thus provide an excellent comparative model for the study of neuronal and hormonal mechanisms underlying behavior. In the present study using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, we found that male prairie voles entered the open arms of the EPM more and remained there longer, and showed a higher level of overall locomotor activity than did male meadow voles. In addition, two weeks of social isolation induced an increase in open arm entries in prairie, but not meadow, voles. Prairie voles also had a higher level of circulating corticosterone compared to meadow voles, and the EPM test increased circulating corticosterone in prairie voles. Finally, social isolation coupled with the EPM test influenced Fos-immunoreactive expression in several brain areas, including the medial preoptic area, ventromedial hypothalamus, ...

2005-08-22

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201

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III infection of the central nervous system: a preliminary in situ analysis

Therapeutic hypothermia is a promising method for controlling intracranial pressure (ICP) in severely brain-injured patients. However, clinical data regarding the effect of brain hypothermia on overall outcome of these patients is limited. This may be because there are specific pitfalls associated with the clinical management of induced hypothermia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). These pitfalls may be avoided by preventing specific risk factors when cooling is induced and with rewarming. However, these risk factors have not been well systematically discussed in the literature. In this paper, three categories of clinical issues regarding the management of brain hypothermia are discussed: (1) stress-induced secondary brain injury mechanisms; (2) technical aspects of intensive care unit (ICU) cooling management; and (3) rewarming rates and methods. For patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of less than 8, management of stress-induced insulin-resistant ...

2009-03-01

202

ERP effects of methylphenidate and working memory load in healthy adults during a serial visual working memory task.

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are subject to a spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Recent evidence implicates the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) in the pathogenesis of some of these illnesses, although the cells infected by the virus have yet to be identified. Using in situ hybridization, the authors examined brain tissue from two patients with AIDS encephalopathy for the presence of HTLV-III RNA. In both cases, viral RNA was detected and concentrated in, though not limited to, the white matter. The CNS cells most frequently infected included macrophages, pleomorphic microglia, and multinucleated giant cells. Less frequently, cells morphologically consistent with astrocytes, oligodendroglia, and rarely neurons were also infected. The findings strengthen the association of HTLV-III with the pathogenesis of AIDS encephalopathy. In situ hybridization can be applied to routinely prepared biopsy tissue in ...

1986-11-07

203

Age at onset in Huntington?s disease is modified by the autophagy pathway: implication of the V471A polymorphism in Atg7

The objective of the study was to investigate neuronal processing during the encoding, retention and retrieval phases of a serial visual working memory task. Particularly, we were interested in how these phases are affected by working memory load and how processing is modulated by methylphenidate. Healthy adults were asked to memorize the order of four, five or six pictures under methylphenidate (20mg) and under placebo while brain electrical activity was recorded. On the performance level, the number of correct responses decreased with increasing working memory load. Concerning brain electrical activity, in the encoding phase P3 amplitudes increased at midline electrodes with increasing memory load while load had no effect in the retention and retrieval phase. Medication neither influenced performance nor the different processing stages significantly. Our data provide evidence that during the encoding phase more attentional resources are allocated in trials with ...

2010-07-17

204

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Huntington?s disease (HD) is caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine repeat of more than 35?units in the huntingtin protein. The expanded repeat length is inversely correlated with the age at onset (AAO); however, additional genetic factors apart from the expanded CAG repeat length can modify the course and the AAO in HD. Aberrations in macroautophagy have been observed in Huntington, Alzheimer, Parkinson, motor neuron and prion diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in autophagy-related (Atg) genes might contribute to the variation in the AAO. We initially tested eight single nucleotide polymorphisms in five Atg genes (Atg3, Atg5, Atg7, Atg16L1 and Beclin-1) for their frequency of ?1%. Subsequently, we investigated the polymorphisms Atg7 V471A and Atg16L1 T281A for a di...

2010-01-01

205

Software Development Tools Service

CERN Multimedia

Software Development Tools Service

1999-01-01

206

Software Development Tools Service

CERN Multimedia

Software Development Tools Service

1998-01-01

207

Software Development Tools Service

CERN Multimedia

Software Development Tools Service

1997-01-01

208

Influenza Vaccines

Cryo-Optical Test Bed Development

Development of the Culture Influenza Vaccine

209

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Jan 22, 2004 ... Training and Professional Development Leadership Development Program. GSFC Leadership Development Program Positions. Cryo-Optical ...

210

Bioline International

- technology moving forward with new developments ...

211

Altering Sexual Development in Arabidopsis

Telomerase-immortalized non-malignant human prostate epithelial cells retain the properties of multipotent stem cells

Full Text Available

1998-06-01

212

Neuroophthalmology A brief Vademecum

Understanding prostate stem cells may provide insight into the origin of prostate cancer. Primary cells have been cultured from human prostate tissue but they usually survive only 15-20 population doublings before undergoing senescence. We report here that RC-170N/h/clone 7 cells, a clonal cell line from hTERT-immortalized primary non-malignant tissue-derived human prostate epithelial cell line (RC170N/h), retain multipotent stem cell properties. The RC-170N/h/clone 7 cells expressed a human embryonic stem cell marker, Oct-4, and potential prostate epithelial stem cell markers, CD133, integrin #alpha#2#beta#1"h"i and CD44. The RC-170N/h/clone 7 cells proliferated in KGM and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and 5 #mu#g/ml insulin (DMEM + 10% FBS + Ins.) medium, and differentiated into epithelial stem cells that expressed epithelial cell markers, including CK5/14, CD44, p63 and cytokeratin 18 (CK18); as well as the mesenchymal cell markers, vimentin, desmin; ...

2008-01-01

213

HEXTRAN-SMABRE calculation of the 6th AER Benchmark, main steam line break in a WWER-440 NPP

The stunning, intricate interaction between the visual, vestibular and optomotor systems--each a miracle on its own--ensures maintenance of orientation in space as well as visual recognition and target selection despite a host of sensory conflicts and adversary disturbances. Their main goals are to keep a target of interest on the fovea by either maintaining or shifting the direction of gaze in order to produce an accurate internal representation of the visual surroundings, in particular the selected target, and to continuously mirror the spatial relationship between these various visual elements and the self. Not surprising, the implementation of this host of elaborate neural networks encompasses almost every part of the brain, including the brainstem, cerebellum, extrapyramidal system and many areas of the cerebral cortex. Thus far, these systems are among the best investigated in brain research; and enormous knowledge was amassed over the last century employing a variety of ...

2004-01-01

214

Glial inflammation and neurodegeneration induced by candoxin, a novel neurotoxin from Bungarus candidus venom: global gene expression analysis using microarray.

The sixth AER benchmark is the second AER benchmark for couplings of the thermal hydraulic codes and three dimensional neutron kinetic core models. It concerns a double end break of one main steam line in a WWER-440 plant. The core is at the end of its first cycle in full power conditions. In VTT HEXTRAN2.9 is used for the core kinetics and dynamics and SMABRE4.8 as a thermal hydraulic model for the primary and secondary loop. The plant model for SMABRE consists mainly of two input models, Loviisa model and a standard WWER-440/213 plant model. The primary loop includes six separate loops, the pressure vessel is divided into six parallel channels in SMABRE and the whole core calculation is performed in the core with HEXTRAN. The horizontal steam generators are modelled with heat transfer tubes in five levels and vertically with two parts, riser and downcomer. With this kind of detailed modelling of steam generators there occurs strong flashing after break opening. As a sequence of the ...

2003-11-01

215

Technology and Policy for Sustainable Development

Candoxin (PDB #1JGK), a three-finger neurotoxin from Bungarus candidus venom, inhibits post-synaptic neuromuscular and neuronal alpha7nACh-receptors, and induces delayed cell-death throughout the glial population. When applied to cultured human glial cell lines, candoxin (CDX) induced cell death in a concentration (EC(50) approximately 1muM) and time dependent manner. Results of TUNEL-histochemistry further confirm CDX-induced brain (hippocampus, frontal cortex, and temporal regions) damage when administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v) in adult mice. In this study, we explored differential gene expression profiles following exposure of human glial (Hs 683) cell lines to CDX at various time intervals using Affymetrix-GeneChips. By means of MAS and GeneSpring analyses, 105 genes whose expression was significantly (P<0.01) altered by at least 3-fold were selected. Results of the genome analysis reveal that the potential role of CDX at molecular level involves ...

2005-11-23

216

Teacher Professional Continuum

The development of short-sea shipping will be fostered by the deployment of tracking and tracing systems,

217

Organizational structure and technology transfer

... efforts in developing and testing prototype materials or tools and Full Development Projects to ...

218

Magnetic forming coil design and development summary report

... administrative procedures developing countries economic development nuclear

1982-11-01

219

Estimating The Cost Of Developing Software

Magnetic forming coil design and development

1964-01-01

220

CZT Detector and HXI Development at CASS/UCSD

Software Cost Estimation Model program, SOFTCOST, developed to provide consistent automated

1991-01-01

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221

Energy research and development. Ninety-Third Congress, First Session, December 1, 1973

CZT Detector and HXI Development at CASS/UCSD

2006-01-01

222

Instructional Materials Development Program

The Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs issued the report on a bill to establish a national program for research, development, and demonstration in fuels and energy and for the coordination and financial supplementation of Federal energy research and development; to establish development corporations to demonstrate technologies for shale oil development, advanced power cycle development, geothermal steam development, and coal liquefaction and gasification development; to authorize and direct the Secretary of the Interior to make mineral resources of the public lands available for the development conporations. Comments from governmental agencies on the bill are published. (MCW)

1973-01-01

223

Course and Curriculum Development Program, Evaluation Report

... Materials Development Program TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS Elementary - High School ... of technology education materials through its Instructional Materials Development (IMD) program. The ...

224

The development of contemporary chiropractic education in Denmark: an exploratory study

... grants to adopt or adapt courses and materials developed by CCD projects at other institutions, and ... to adopt or adapt CCD-developed courses and materials. -iv- Accomplishments The CCD program has ...

225

Surface Decontamination by Solution

Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Oct

2008-01-01

226

Development of Technology for Metal Surface Decontamination in Aqueous Solutions

227

Safe climate

Review of the appropriateness of international assessment tools for a developing country

and develop markets for soy alternatives, such as lupins.14

228

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Full Text Available

229

Rap Signaling in Normal Lymphocyte Development and Leukemia Genesis

Molecular Genetics of Emericella nidulans Sexual Development

Full Text Available

2009-04-01

230

Lessons from Developing an Annotated Corpus of Patient Histories

Full Text Available

2009-09-01

231

Frequency Controlled Electric Drives

Full Text Available

2008-06-01

232

Effects of Licorice on Embryonic and Fetal Development in Rats

Development of Frequency Controlled Electric Drives

233

Development of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON)

Full Text Available

2005-12-01

234

Development of sup 203 Pb as a new label for monoclonal antibodies

Full Text Available

2007-02-01

235

Development of a Cost Effective Radio Communication System for UAS

Brief item.

1989-01-01

236

Development of Storage Management System for Small Dams

Full Text Available

2008-06-01

237

Development of Ceramic Body using Waste Celadon

Full Text Available

2005-05-01

238

Developing a national patient safety education framework for Australia.

Full Text Available

2009-11-01

239

Biological Surface-Active Substance

PMID:17142595

2006-12-01

240

Probabilistic Simulation for Nanocomposite Characterization Developed and Included in the Computer Code ICAN/JAVA

Development of biological preparation with surfactant activity

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

241

Hydrothermal industrialization electric-power systems development. Final report

A unique mechanistic method has been developed at the NASA Glenn Research Center to

2008-01-01

242

Electron-induced luminescence and x-ray spectrometer development: progress report

The nature of hydrothermal resources, their associated temperatures, geographic locations, and developable capacity are described. The parties involved in development, required activities and phases of development, regulatory and permitting requirements, environmental considerations, and time required to complete development activities ae examined in detail. These activities are put in proper perspective by detailing development costs. A profile of the geothermal industry is presented by detailing the participants and their operating characteristics. The current development status of geothermal energy in the US is detailed. The work on market penetration is summarized briefly. Detailed development information is presented for 56 high temperature sites. (MHR)

1982-03-01

243

Development of a Colony of Germfree Hamsters as a ...

The progress in the development of a surface analysis tool based on the excitation of characteristic

2003-01-01

244

Development of QTL Mapping Populations

... Accession Number : ADA021166. Title : Development of a Colony of Germfree Hamsters as a Biomedical Resource. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ...

1976-01-07

245

DEVELOPMENT OF A MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND ...

The objective of this animation is to develop a QTL mapping population for locating and characterizing the genes responsible for resistance to tan spot disease of wheat.

246

Development Application - Terra Nova Development - Supplement B to the Application

... This work was based upon previously successful development of combustible cartridge cases, at Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute ...

1968-05-01

247

Coal development potential in Pakistan

Supplement B to the Terra Nova Development Application provides a description of the floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel system selected for the development, a summary of the reasons for selecting the system, and the impact of this selection on the Development Plan, the Benefits Plan, the Environmental Impact Statement and the Socio-Economic Impact Statement. There is also a description of the contractor alliance approach to be used in the Terra Nova Development. Refs., tabs., figs.

1997-02-01

248

Practical MRI atlas of neonatal brain development

A total of 48 papers were presented, and covered the following topics: the current situation in Pakistan with respect to development and utilization of coal resources; the policies that have been responsible for the development and utilization of coal resources in Pakistan; coal development and utilization in other developing nations e.g. Indonesia, Greece, Philippines, China, Thailand and Haiti; and technological developments in coal exploration; extraction, handling, transport and utilization which could accelerate future development of Pakistan's coal resources. Specific subjects covered include the use of coal in the cement industry of Pakistan; the production of briquettes for domestic use, development and training of personnel for the coal industry; and sources of finance for coal development projects. ...

1986-01-01

249

Water Deficit and Spatial Pattern of Leaf Development. Variability in Responses Can Be Simulated Using a Simple Model of Leaf Development1

This book is an anatomical reference for cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in neonates and infants. It contains 122 clear, sharp MRI scans and drawings showing changes in the normal appearance of the brain and skull during development. Sections of the atlas depict the major processes of maturation: brain myelination, development of the corpus callosum, development of the cranial bone marrow, and iron deposition in the brain. High-quality scans illustrate how these changes appear on magnetic resonance images during various stages of development.

250

Using the Java language to develop computer based patient records for use on the Internet.

We analyzed the effect of short-term water deficits at different periods of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaf development on the spatial and temporal patterns of tissue expansion...Full Text Available

1999-02-01

251

Sex and Hormonal Variations in the Development of At-level Allodynia In a Rat Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Model

The development of the Java Programming Language by Sun Microsystems has provided a new tool for the development of Internet based applications. Our preliminary work has shown how Java can be used to...Full Text Available

1996-01-01

252

Sandia microelectronics development

The development of central neuropathic pain varies among patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). The factors contributing to the development and perpetuation of segmental pain (at-level allodynia)...Full Text Available

2010-06-25

253

Safety culture development at Daya Bay NPP

An overview of the operations of Sandia`s Microelectronics Development Lab (MDL) is to develop radiation hardened IC, but techniques used for IC processing have been applied to a variety of related technologies such as micromechanics, smart sensors, and packaging.

1997-02-01

254

Renewable energy and the ODA energy efficient strategy

From view on Organization Behavior theory, the concept, development and affecting factors of safety culture are introduced. The focuses are on the establishment, development and management practice for safety culture at Daya Bay NPP. A strong safety culture, also demonstrated, has contributed greatly to improving performance at Daya Bay

2001-12-01

255

Recent Developments in Coal Liquefaction at the Wilsonville Advanced Coal Liquefaction Research and Development Facility.

The energy strategy of the UK Overseas Development Administration is outlined with specific emphasis on energy efficiency and renewable energies. Based on 29 case studies concerning projects and programmes in both developed and developing countries, critical success factors for renewable energy projects are identified. UK)

1995-12-31

256

Effect of Surgical Alteration of the Rat Gastrointestinal Tract On the Growth and Development of Hymenolepis Diminuta

The results of the two most recently completed runs at the Wilsonville Advanced Coal Liquefaction Research and Development Facility are presented. In Run 255, initial screening of operating conditions for the liquefaction of a Texas lignite was completed....

1991-01-01

257

The ''Complex Reality'' of Research Capacity Development in Mathematics Education in Southern African Development Community Countries

... Gastrointestinal Tract On the Growth and Development of Hymenolepis DiminutaKerry L. Dwinell, Paul Bass, Gordon L. Telford, ... central (CNS) nervous systems in the development of Hymenolepis diminuta usi...

258

Traumatic retinal detachment.

This paper explores how an aid-funded Ph.D.-programme in mathematics education instituted in some Southern African Development Community countries measures up to issues related to research capacity development projects. The research capacity development programme is described and reflected against mutual benefit, relevance, sustainability and prioritization of the location of project funding expenditure--some of the constructs in the discourse on research capacity development initiatives. It is found that the benefits of the programme are indeed mutual; the outcomes regarding relevance and sustainability are more uncertain and the location of expenditure of the funding is not overtly in favour of the donor country.

2005-11-01

259

The mammalian oocyte orchestrates the rate of ovarian follicular development

Seventy-seven patients developed retinal breaks following an episode of ocular contusion, and 65 (84.4%) of these developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Surgical treatment successfully restored...Full Text Available

1991-01-01

260

The Development of a Dental Diagnostic Terminology

The development of both the mammalian oocyte and the somatic cell compartments of the ovarian follicle is highly coordinated; this coordination ensures that the ovulated oocyte is ready to undergo fertilization...Full Text Available

2002-03-05

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261

Symbiotic regulation of plant growth, development and reproduction

There is no commonly accepted standardized terminology for oral diagnoses. The purpose of this article is to report the development of a standardized dental diagnostic terminology by a work...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

262

Strategic Communication: A Department of Defense Approach

The growth and development of rice (Oryzae sativa) seedlings was shown to be regulated epigenetically by a fungal endophyte. In contrast to un-inoculated (nonsymbiotic) plants, endophyte...Full Text Available

2009-03-01

263

R/V Laurence M. Gould LMG0303 - Development of a luminescence - NASA

... development of SC policy within DOD, because it describes the necessary link between DOD ... strategy convolutes USG efforts to develop SC policy. ...

2007-03-28

264

Probiotic Bacteria as Biological Control Agents in Aquaculture

R/V Laurence M. Gould LMG0303 - Development of a luminescence dating capability for Antarctic glaciomarine sediments: Tests of signal zeroing at the ...

265

Meeting the resistance problem

There is an urgent need in aquaculture to develop microbial control strategies, since disease outbreaks are recognized as important constraints to aquaculture production and trade and since the development...Full Text Available

2000-12-01

266

In Defense of Change Processes

Because resistance to new insecticides may develop rapidly and cross resistance is often encountered, even between insecticides of different classes, there is a continual demand for the development...Full Text Available

1963-01-01

267

Hypothyroidism Enhances Tumor Invasiveness and Metastasis Development

Nativist and constructivist approaches to the study of development share a common emphasis on characterizing beginning and end states in development. This focus has highlighted the question...Full Text Available

2008-01-01

268

High-Temperature Solar Cell Development - GLTRS - NASA

BackgroundWhereas there is increasing evidence that loss of expression and/or function of the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) could result in a selective advantage for tumor development,...Full Text Available

269

Environmental estrogens alter early development in Xenopus laevis.

High-Temperature Solar Cell Development. Geoffrey A. Landis,. NASA John Glenn Research Center. 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135. Danielle ...

270

Electron-induced luminescence and x-ray spectrometer development

A growing number of environmental toxicants found in pesticides, herbicides, and industrial solvents are believed to have deleterious effects on development by disrupting hormone-sensitive processes....Full Text Available

2003-04-01

271

Development of grid-connected photovoltaic systems

Jan 22, 2011 ... dc.description.abstract, The progress in the development of a surface analysis tool based on the excitation of characteristic luminescence ...

272

Development of a universal plate-agglutination test for detecting Haemophilus parasuis

The activities and the policy in the Netherlands regarding the development of the title systems since 1990 are briefly outlined, focusing on the use of PV-systems in buildings. 5 figs., 1 tab.

273

Development of a Long-Range Gliding Underwater Vehicle ...

Due to the serovar diversity in Haemophilus (H.) parasuis, it is difficult to develop a universal serological method for detection of this pathogen....Full Text Available

2010-12-01

274

Development of a FeCoNb Alloy to be used in Eddy Current ...

... investigates the convergence of three main areas of UUV development; mission ... with an improved low-cost embedded-system robot controller, to ...

2008-09-01

275

Development of High Field Dipole and High Current Pulse Power Supply for Compact Proton Synchrotron

... Accession Number : ADD336001. Title : Development of a FeCoNb Alloy to be used in Eddy Current Probes for Testing Ferromagnetic Tubes,. ...

276

Development of Grade API X80 Pipeline Steel Plates ...

Development of High Field Dipole and High Current Pulse Power Supply for Compact Proton Synchrotron

2003-01-01

277

Develop Magnetic Coil Design and Manufacturing Capability.

... Accession Number : ADD130998. Title : Development of Grade API X80 Pipeline Steel Plates Produced by Controlled Rolling,. Corporate Author : ...

278

Course, Curriculum, and Laboratory Improvement (CCLI)

... design, and manufacturing knowledge have been acquired and used to develop an 'in-house' capability for the fabrication of magnetic forming coils ...

1974-11-01

279

Copper deficiency alters the neurochemical profile of developing rat brain

... teaching and learning; Creating learning materials and teaching strategies; Developing faculty ... achieve educational innovations. Educational Materials Development (EMD): A project under the former ...

280

Advanced Technological Education Program: 1999 Awards and Activities

Copper deficiency is associated with impaired brain development and mitochondrial dysfunction. Perinatal copper deficiency was produced in Holtzman rats. In vivo proton NMR...Full Text Available

2009-06-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

281

[Transurethral resection in saline (TURis): a newly developed TUR system preventing obturator nerve reflex].

... By developing and disseminating educational materials and curricula, supporting the preparation and ... education, such as curriculum or educational materials development, faculty or teacher preparation ...

282

[Development of Eurytrema pancreaticum (Janson, 1889) (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) in the Maritime Territory].

PMID:14671997

2003-11-01

283

Treating disaster as a development opportunity : a study of earthquake recovery in Sichuan

PMID:4786633

284

Norwegian Open Research Archives (NORA)

Full Text Available

285

The beaver's reconquest of Eurasia: status, population development, and management of a conservation success

Norwegian Open Research Archives (NORA)

Full Text Available

286

The Economic Impacts of Pacific Ocean Deep-sea Manganese Nodule Development Project

Sustainability Network Letter 60E

Full Text Available

2010-12-01

287

Study on the Development of Solid Fuel of Animal Wastes for Heating of Agricultural Facilities

crucial to the survival of our species that our brains have developed an obsession with all things

288

Sheath development around a high voltage cathode in a glow discharge plasma

Full Text Available

2007-10-01

289

Secondary Titanium Processes

Short communication. 3 refs.

1991-02-04

290

Screening of Medicinal Plants for Development of Functional Food Ingredients with Anti-Obesity

Research and Development of Resource-Saving Technology for Manufacturing of Titanium Semifinished Items from Chips

291

Full Text Available

2006-09-01

292

Rubomycine Production

Review for free electron laser (FEL) development

Development of Experimental Large-scale Technology and Creation of Technological Line of Rubomicine Production

293

Radiation and fetal brain development

The authors have analysed the technical character of FEL, estimated its present status, developing trend and application prospect at home and abroad. Meanwhile the have also reviewed the significance of developing FEL, its position, role and difficulties. Finally the have presented some suggestions for FEL future developments in China.

294

Radial Halbach Magnetic Bearings

(4 Sep 1986). United Kingdom Zamenhof, Stephen . California Univ., Los

295

Radial Halbach magnetic bearings have been investigated as part of an effort to develop increasingly

2009-01-01

296

Pure Scandium Production

Porting to the Symbian Platform Open Mobile Development in C/C++

Development of the Technology to Obtain Pure Metal Scandium by Thermal Decomposition of Scandium Iodide

297

Planning and Operation of Commercial Application Center

Porting to the Symbian Platform

2009-01-01

298

Oxygen Implanted Materials

The objectives of this R and D project are as follows : First, transferring developed technologies to outside companies and operating technology market to vitalize technology transactions, Second, developing commercial application projects to transfer technologies for commercial purposes and to solve interface problems in commercial applications, Third, enhancing commercial utilizations of developed accelerator and beam utilization technologies, Finally. preparing infra-structures for the development of over 30 venture- businesses based on achieved technologies through the Proton Engineering Frontier Project.

2003-06-15

299

Online monitoring of pollen - development of a novel technique and first results of field experiments

Development of Oxygen Ion-Implanted Collector materials for Thermal Emission Converters of Thermal Energy into the Electric One.

300

On the Relationship between Typhoon Intensity and Formation Region: Effect of Developing and Decaying ENSO

No abstract prepared.

2005-07-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

301

Numerical investigation on developing laminar forced convective heat transfer and entropy generation in an annular helicoidal tube

Full Text Available

2008-02-01

302

Newly developed control and stop valves

Full Text Available

2011-06-01

303

... bwr type reactors closures fluidic control devices operation performance pwr

304

New Effective Pesticides

Nanomachines: How Viruses Work, and How We Can Stop Them

Development the New Effective Pesticides in the Series of Pyrimine and Sym-Triazine Derivatives

305

ScienceCinema

...the development of biomedicine ...

306

N7'5 20853

MICROSEISMICS AND GEOTECHNICAL APPLICATIONS

of fracture -stimulated geothermal reservoirs; 2) the development of ... of the mathematical simulation model of geothermal reservoirs. ...

307

Low-Temperature Neon Isotope Separation

... PRODUCTION OF TIGHT OIL-GAS BEARING ROCKS, AND IS ALSO EMPLOYED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRS. ...

1989-06-01

308

Isolation and Identification of Mycoplasmas

Development of a Plant for Neon Isotopes Separation by Low-Temperature Rectification Method

309

Investigations and development of gaseous radiation detectors; Badania i rozwoj konstrukcji gazowych detektorow promieniowania

Isolation and Identification of Mycoplasmas, Development of Reliable Antigen for Mycoplasmas Detection and Oil-Based Vaccines

310

No abstract prepared

1998-12-31

311

Inside - NASA

Inhibitory Activity of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGE) Formation of Edible Plants for Development of Anti-Wrinkle Ingredients

developed for our government and industrial robots were used by .... UUV capabilities, into a product. The licensing agreement and ...

312

Full Text Available

2010-02-01

313

India cleans up

Immunohistochemical expression of p63 in human prenatal tooth primordia

The paper discusses clean coal technology developments in India. 2 photos.

2011-01-15

314

Hudson Lecture for 1958 Darwinism in New Zealand: Some Examples, Influences and Developments

development, histochemical, human, malformation, p63 gene, tooth

2005-01-01

315

Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 1868-1961

Full Text Available

1959-01-01

316

High-Performance SPICE Development Including an Analytical Transient Photocurrent BJT Model

FY2003 Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program Annual Report

No abstract prepared.

2000-08-01

317

Expression of microtubule associated protein of low molecular weight (TAU) in mouse brain development

No abstract prepared.

2004-07-30

318

Evaluation on corrosion environment at BWRs

Published in summary form only.

319

Environmental and resource economics in South Africa: status quo and lessons for developing countries

... Systems Research and Development Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa (Japan)

2009-05-01

320

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Full Text Available

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321

Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control

Electrodepositing Nanostructured Composite Coatings

Commercial Production and Development, in Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control

322

Electrochemical Solar Energy Converter

Development of the Method of Electrodepositing Nanostructured Composite Coatings with Improved Engineering Properties

323

Effects of Concrete and Wood Building Environments on Pregnant Dams and Embryo-Fetal Development in Rats

Elaboration of Electrochemical Solar Energy Converter Incorporating Cadmium Selenide Semiconductor Developed Electrochemically

324

Effect of Low Night Temperature on Reproductive Organ Development in Relation to Pollen Viability of Bell Pepper

Full Text Available

2009-12-01

325

Education for Development in Underdeveloped Countries.

Full Text Available

2009-05-01

326

Ecologically Safe Luminescent Lamps

Past "elitist" development efforts modeled on Western academic education have failed to meet manpower needs but resist change due to popular preference for "modern" occupations. A new development strategy providing universal basic education and improved general living standards is needed. (Part of a theme issue on Third World educational development.) (SJL)

1981-06-01

327

Development of the Calorimeter to Measure Heat Rate Generated from Battery for EV & HEV

Development and Creation of Model Samples of Ecologically Safe Luminescent Lamps

328

Development of the Caliper System for a Geometry PIG Based on Magnetic Field Analysis

Full Text Available

1999-11-01

329

Development of the Automative Correction System for the Digital Over-current Relay With Distribution System

Full Text Available

2003-12-01

330

Development of coal utilization technology in the Japanese steel industry - co-operation with coal suppliers

Full Text Available

2007-04-01

331

Development of chemical separation in gas phase for heavy actinide and trans-actinide elements

Past and current development of coal utilization technology in the Japanese steel industry is reviewed and some projects currently under research and development briefly described. These include DIOS, an iron making process which directly utilizes both iron ore and coal without a sintering plant or a coke oven; and the development of a new generation coke oven. 15 figs.

1994-12-31

332

Development of an Active Magnetic Noise Shielding System for a Permanent Magnet Based MRI

No abstract prepared

1998-01-01

333

Development of a hardware in the loop simulation system for electric power steering in vehicles

Full Text Available

2003-05-01

334

Development of a fiber coupled, end pumped, Nd:YAG laser spark plug

Full Text Available

335

Development of a dual serial-parallel multiphase CFD code for application to industrial combustor/reactor systems.

None provided

2007-09-01

336

Development of a Wireless Vibration Monitoring System for Structural Health Evaluation

No abstract prepared.

2000-05-16

337

Development of a Standard Data Base and Computer ...

Full Text Available

2010-02-01

338

Development of Small-sized Gas Turbine Engine Control System for Power Generation

... (Author). Descriptors : (*TERMINAL FLIGHT FACILITIES ... PROGRAMMING, HANDLING), QUEUEING THEORY, STOCHASTIC PROCESSES ...

1973-01-01

339

Development of Single-Frame PIV Velocity Field Measurement Technique Using a High Resolution CCD Camera

Full Text Available

2011-08-01

340

Development of Regional Noodles Using Agricultural and Fishery Products of Cheju Island

Full Text Available

2000-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

341

Development of National Life Cycle Inventory Database on Irrigation Water by Agricultural Dam

Full Text Available

1996-08-01

342

Development of Multi-layer Electromagnetic wave Absorbers Using Sendust

Full Text Available

2011-05-01

343

Development of Location Estimation and Navigation System of Mobile Robots Using USN and LEGO Mindstorms NXT

Full Text Available

2006-10-01

344

Development of Lightweight Moving Table for Linear Motor using Composite Materials

Full Text Available

2010-03-01

345

Development of Estimation Model for Hysteresis of Friction Using Artificial Intelligent

Full Text Available

2010-04-01

346

Development of Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorber for X-band Sensors in Double-layered Type Using Carbon

Full Text Available

2011-07-01

347

Development and Fabrication of Compositions for 155-mm ...

Full Text Available

2006-12-01

348

Development and Evaluation of an e-Learning Program for Mothers of Premature Infants

... Descriptors : *PROPELLING CHARGES, *NITROCELLULOSE, *COMBUSTIBLE CARTRIDGE CASES, DENSITY, FIBERS, MANUFACTURING ...

1982-10-01

349

Development an Empirical Formula for the Friction Coefficient of a Circular Friction Damper

Full Text Available

2008-02-01

350

Degradation of leucine zipper-positive isoform of MYPT1 may contribute to development of nitrate tolerance.

Full Text Available

2011-06-01

351

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PILOT WARNING INSTRUMENT ...

PMID:19939965

2009-11-25

352

Corrosion Protection of special steels and alloys

... multivibrators and amplifiers arranged to operate as described above. ... The first of the multivibrators is triggered by the trailing edge of the ...

1962-02-01

353

Continuous Strategy Development for Effects-Based ...

Development of the Corrosion Protection Technology for Special Steels and Alloys

354

Combustion of Crop Production Wastes

... BAE Systems Advanced Information Technologies, Inc. APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED. ...

2006-02-01

355

Chemical Reactor Diagnostics

Development, Investigation and Improvement of a System of Incinerating Crop Production Wastes in Small Capacity Boilers

356

Ceramic Composite Materials

Development of Methods and Apparatus for Processes Diagnostics in Plasma Reactors at the Neutralization of Chemical Herbiside and Pestiside

357

Boron-10 Materials Production

Development of Ceramic Composite Materials and Structural Elements for High-Temperature Nuclear Reactors

358

Biology-inspired Architecture for Situation Management

Development of Technologies for Boron-10 Isotope Modified Boron-containing Materials Production and their Properties Investigation.

359

Automated transport and sorting system in a large reference laboratory: part 1. Evaluation of needs and alternatives and development of a plan.

Situation Management is a rapidly developing science combining new techniques for data collection

2006-01-01

360

Antimicrobials in the Management of Post-Irradiation Infection

PMID:12324492

2002-10-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

361

A Study on Development of Electro Magnetic Wave Absorbers for Mobile Phones

... develops. An alternative approach is the use of non-absorbable antibiot- ics such as polymyxin, neomycin, and bacitracin. ...

2011-05-13

362

A Study of Magnetic Properties for Recycling of Laser Printer Developer Roller

Full Text Available

2006-05-01

363

A Report on the Evaluation of the NSF's Informal Science Education (ISE) Program

Full Text Available

2009-01-01

364

A Development of Visualization Software for Protective Engineering in Low-Voltage Power Systems

... science in places outside of schools, with materials and activities initially not developed for ...

365

Web-Based Enterprise Information Systems Development: The Integrated Methodology

Full Text Available

2006-07-01

366

Energy requirements for rural development

The paper considers software development issues for large-scale enterprise information systems (IS) with databases (DB) in global heterogeneous distributed computational environment. Due to high IT development rates, the present-day society has accumulated and rapidly increases an extremely huge data burden. Manipulating with such huge data arrays becomes an essential problem, particularly due to their global distribution, heterogeneous and weak-structured character. The conceptual approach to integrated Internet-based IS design, development and implementation is presented, including formal models, software development methodology and original software development tools for visual problem-oriented development and content management. IS implementation results proved shortening terms and reducing costs of implementation compared to commercial software available.

2006-01-01

367

Safeguards and Security Technology Development Directory. FY 1993

This study on the role of energy in the development of rural areas was originally conducted in the spring and summer of 1985. It was intended to serve as a background paper for the preparation of a program plan for the Office of Energy of the United States Agency for International Development. As such it begins with a brief overview of how rural development fits into national development, then offers a comprehensive framework for thinking about rural development in particular and the energy implications of the various components of rural development. Agriculture naturally comes to mind when rural areas are mentioned, but industry is an important component of rural activity as well. Consequently, both agricultural and nonagricultural energy use is discussed. Modernization of rural areas will change household, as well as production, energy use. However, household ...

1988-06-01

368

Guide to good practices for the development of test items

The Safeguards and Security Technology Development Directory is published annually by the Office of Safeguards and Security (OSS) of the US Department of Energy (DOE), and is Intended to inform recipients of the full scope of the OSS R&D program. It is distributed for use by DOE headquarters personnel, DOE program offices, DOE field offices, DOE operating contractors, national laboratories, other federal agencies, and foreign governments. Chapters 1 through 7 of the Directory provide general information regarding the Technology Development Program, including the mission, program description, organizational roles and responsibilities, technology development lifecycle, requirements analysis, program formulation, the task selection process, technology development infrastructure, technology transfer activities, and current research and development tasks. These chapters are followed ...

1993-06-01

369

Biotechnology developments in the livestock sector in developing countries.

While the methodology used in developing test items can vary significantly, to ensure quality examinations, test items should be developed systematically. Test design and development is discussed in the DOE Guide to Good Practices for Design, Development, and Implementation of Examinations. This guide is intended to be a supplement by providing more detailed guidance on the development of specific test items. This guide addresses the development of written examination test items primarily. However, many of the concepts also apply to oral examinations, both in the classroom and on the job. This guide is intended to be used as guidance for the classroom and laboratory instructor or curriculum developer responsible for the construction of individual test items. This document focuses on written test items, but includes information relative to ...

1997-01-01

370

The relationship between reclamation and sustainable economic development

Global meat and milk consumption is exponentially increasing due to population growth, urbanization and changes in lifestyle in the developing world. This is an excellent opportunity for developing countries to improve the livestock sector by using technological advances. Biotechnology is one of the avenues for improved production in the "Livestock revolution". Biotechnology developments applied to livestock health, nutrition, breeding and reproduction are improving with a reasonable pace in developing countries. Simple bio-techniques such as artificial insemination have been well implemented in many parts of the developing world. However, advanced technologies including transgenic plant vaccines, marker assisted selection, solid state fermentation for the production of fibrolytic enzymes, transgenic fodders, embryo transfer and animal cloning are confined largely to research ...

2010-01-01

371

Creative activity in conception of sustainable development education

The purpose is to define sustainable economic development in the context of nonrenewable resources and to examine the changing nature of reclamation over time. Sustainable development is development that ensures the present utilization of resources and the environment does not damage prospects for their use by future generations. Polls show that the public is demanding higher environmental standards. One mechanism for achieving sustainable economic development for the nonrenewable resource sector is through reclamation. The Alberta government`s approach to reclamation is reviewed to show how reclamation and sustainable government are linked together. The history of reclamation legislation in Alberta is summarized. 10 refs.

1991-06-01

372

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the stages in the development of creative activity considering the distinctive features of all stages and the modes of dynamics of the development of a creative person. Design/methodology/approach - The paper analyses scientific investigations and pedagogical experiences in order to develop the model for the formation of creative activity of artists-visual art teachers in the context of sustainable development. Findings - The investigations of scientific literature on pedagogy, psychology, philosophy, as well as the analysis of pedagogical practice allow us to recognize that the formation of creative activity is comprised of several stages. These stages are closely connected with a creative process and depend on a person's artistic talen...

2007-01-01

373

Sequential development of correlated projects: an application to coal liquefaction

Organizational model of control of state of technology in the coal industry

A sequential research and development programme is considered for which several categories of related technologies are available to develop, each having the potential to produce some final product. At each stage of the programme, an optimal portfolio of technologies is chosen given the information acquired from the previous stages, and those contingent optimal plans are followed in all subsequent stages. The model is applied to coal liquefaction technologies to emphasize the costs that may be incurred by erroneously approaching the development programme as a once-and-for-all endeavour rather than in a sequential framework. The results of the synthetic oil application indicate that the acceleration of the programme may be optimal when the probability of successful development decreases. Under these conditions, adoption of a 'crash programme' in which all projects are researched ...

1983-01-01

374

Development of in-vessel reflood instrumentation at ORNL

This paper discusses organizational models of planning technology development in coal mining. The following 4 planning systems are analyzed: all-union national system coordinated by the Ministry of Coal Mining of the USSR, all-union associations of coal mine associations (in the Ukrainian SSR the plan is developed by the Ministry of Coal Industry of the Republic), associations of coal mines, coal mines or groups of coal mines. Methods for developing programs for technology development at 4 levels are reviewed. The following planning periods are used: 10 years or more (from 1980 to 1990), a 5 year period and a 1 year period. System for technology development in the Soviet coal industry from 1981 to 1985 is evaluated: research and development programs (20 comprehensive state programs, 36 branch programs). (In Russian)

1984-02-01

375

Development of Control Design Scheme Using Nonlinear Analysis

A program under the sponsorship of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission was intiated at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in late 1977. The program, Advanced Instrumentation for Reflood Studies (AIRS), is charged with developing instrumentation for measurement of in-vessel fluid phenomena in pressurized water reactor reflood facilities. The goal of the ORNL program is to develop techniques and systems for measuring fluid flow in-core, deentrainment in the upper plenum and liquid fallback from the upper plenum into the core. A large portion of the development at ORNL is devoted to the impedance probes for measurement of two-phase flow velocities and void fractions. Film probe development at ORNL is limited to adapting the present techniques to the environment of a reflood facility. As the development progresses on all the measurement techniques, ORNL will fabricate ...

2004-09-06

376

Uneven dietary development: linking the policies and processes of globalization with the nutrition transition, obesity and diet-related chronic diseases

Phenomena in power systems tend to exhibit higher nonlinearity, because efficient operation accompanies severer power transfer. In such cases, there might exist some limitation to the use of conventional linear control design scheme due to the nonlinearity. As for consideration to the nonlinearity, we have developed a nonlinear analysis method based on normal form theory. In this paper, we develop a new control design scheme based on the nonlinear analysis method. The developed method is effective in a case when oscillatory instability occurs. In the developed method, the parameters of control devices are adjusted so as to enlarge the stability limit against the oscillatory instability, unless each eigenvalue exceed its allowable threshold. We verify the effectiveness of the developed method in the IEEJ 10-machine System Model by applying to PSS (Power System Stabilizer). We show ...

2007-01-01

377

Undergraduate Course and Curriculum Development Program and Curriculum Development in Mathematics: Calculus and the Bridge to Calculus 1994 Awards

In a "nutrition transition", the consumption of foods high in fats and sweeteners is increasing throughout the developing world. The transition, implicated in the rapid rise of obesity and diet-related...Full Text Available

378

The influence of MHC polymorphism on the selection of T-cell determinants of FMDV in cattle.

... such as biology, physics, geology, materials science, engineering, computer science, and mathematics ... expected to produce course and curricular materials that will be of national interest and widely ...

379

The development and validation of the daily electronic Endometriosis Pain and Bleeding Diary

There is a quest for the development of a new generation of vaccines consisting of well-defined subunit antigens. For a number of practical reasons it is attractive to develop vaccines on the basis...Full Text Available

1995-01-01

380

The Role of Thyroid Hormone in Testicular Development and Function

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to develop and validate a daily electronic Endometriosis Pain and Bleeding Diary (EPBD) for assessing treatment-related changes in endometriosis...Full Text Available

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

381

The Notochord, Notochordal cell and CTGF/CCN-2: ongoing activity from development through maturation

Thyroid hormone is a critical regulator of growth, development and metabolism in virtually all tissues, and altered thyroid status affects many organs and systems. Although for many years testis...Full Text Available

2008-12-01

382

Terminal-differential algorithm for identification of local non homogeneity in article

The growth regulating factor CTGF/CCN-2 is an integral factor in growth and development, connective tissue maintenance, wound repair and cell cycle regulation. It has recently been reported that CTGF/CCN-2...Full Text Available

2008-12-01

383

Research and development for the upgrading of Rhenish brown coal

Terminal-differential algorithm for identification of local nonhomogeneities in items under control is developed on the basis of measurements of X-ray or gamma-radiation weakening. The algorithm may be applied by developing radiation schemes of nondestructive control, identifying inadmissible inclusions in the object under study

384

Rapid Onset of Maternal Vocal Recognition in a Colonially Breeding Mammal, the Australian Sea Lion

Product control procedures, the development of new technologies, and the extension of the applications of solid fuels are described. Hydrogasification and high-temperature Winkler gasification are discussed. The design and function of a continuous, semi-industrial plant for hydrogenating liquefaction in the sump phase are gone into. (MOS).

1988-07-01

385

REM Sleep Percentage in Children with Autism Compared to Children with Developmental Delay and Typical Development

BackgroundIn many gregarious mammals, mothers and offspring have developed the abilities to recognise each other using acoustic signals. Such capacity may develop at different rates...Full Text Available

386

Propranolol ameliorates the development of portal-systemic shunting in a chronic murine schistosomiasis model of portal hypertension.

ObjectiveTo compare objective polysomnographic parameters between three cohorts: children with autism, with typical development, and with developmental delay without...Full Text Available

2010-11-01

387

Proof-of-concept Design and Development of an EN13606-based Electronic Health Care Record Service

We investigated the role of early portal hypotensive pharmacotherapy in preventing the development of portal-systemic shunting in a portal hypertensive model of chronic murine schistosomiasis induced...Full Text Available

1991-03-01

388

Progress report on negative ion beams based on User Development Workshop on negative ion based neutral beams, 15-16 February, 1983, Princeton

ObjectiveThe authors present an Electronic Healthcare Record (EHR) server, designed and developed as a proof of concept of the revised prEN13606:2005 European standard concerning...Full Text Available

2007-01-01

389

Pattern formation and traveling waves in myxobacteria: Theory and modeling

Progress in the development of negative ion sources and their application in fusion research is reviewed. (U.K.).

1983-04-18

390

PDP-1 Links the TGF-? and IIS Pathways to Regulate Longevity, Development, and Metabolism

Recent experiments have provided new quantitative measurements of the rippling phenomenon in fields of developing myxobacteria cells. These measurements have enabled us to develop a mathematical model...Full Text Available

2001-12-18

391

Numerical Weather Prediction Activities Report.

The insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway is a conserved regulator of longevity, development, and metabolism. In Caenorhabditis elegans IIS involves activation of DAF-2 (insulin/IGF-1...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

392

Nuclear raw materials: Developing resources through technical co-operation

This report presents a summary of highlights of the year 1978. It then discusses: Research and development in numerical analysis and prediction systems; Techniques, development and application of new products; Analysis-forecast systems in operation use du...

1978-01-01

393

Mutations affecting the development of the peripheral nervous system in Drosophila: a molecular screen for novel proteins.

This article presents an overview of the IAEA's technical co-operation activities in the field of nuclear raw materials, particularly looking at recent developments and trends influencing future directions

1993-09-01

394

Malate- and Pyruvate-Dependent Fatty Acid Synthesis in Leucoplasts from Developing Castor Endosperm 1

In our quest for novel genes required for the development of the embryonic peripheral nervous system (PNS), we have performed three genetic screens using MAb 22C10 as a marker of terminally differentiated...Full Text Available

2000-12-01

395

Localisation of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans during early eye development in the macaque.

Leucoplasts were isolated from the endosperm of developing castor (Ricinis communis) endosperm using a discontinuous Percoll gradient. The rate of fatty acid synthesis was highest...Full Text Available

1992-04-01

396

Investigation of the semicrystalline morphology development in polymeric blends of thermoplastic polyesters, PET/PBT and PET/PC, through optical microscopy development, DSC and SAXS/WAXD/DSC with synchrotron radiation

The composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) was examined in the developing lens and optic cup (stages 11-16) of the long-tailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis) using peroxidase immunocytochemistry....Full Text Available

1995-02-01

397

Intensity modulated radiotherapy: advantages, limitations and future developments

Portuguese 2007 p. 136 Brazil Barbosa Junior, IB Larocca, NM Hage Junior,

2007-02-12

398

High Speed Cylindrical Roller Bearing Development.

Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is widely used in clinical applications in developed countries, for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant diseases. This technique uses multiple radiation...Full Text Available

399

Germ cell sex determination in mammals

High speed experimental tests provided data on six parametric cylindrical roller bearings. Four bearing variables were evaluated and the results were correlated with the analytical model developed under Naval Air Propulsion Center Contract N00140-76-C-038...

1980-01-01

400

One of the major decisions that germ cells make during their development is whether to differentiate into oocytes or sperm. In mice, the germ cells’ decision to develop as male or female depends...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

401

Geothermal status report

GSFC Information Systems Technology Developments Supporting the Vision for Space Exploration.

This article examines the effects of competition of geothermal energy production with other technologies. The topics of the article include near-term market growth, cause for cautious optimism, limits to development of geothermal energy production, economic arguments for development of geothermal power plants, the effects of a competitive market on industry survival.

402

From Leningrad to the day-care center. The ubiquitous Giardia lamblia.

The Vision for Space Exploration will guide NASA's future human and robotic space activities. The broad range of human and robotic missions now being planned will require the development of new system-level capabilities enabled by emerging new technologie...

2005-01-01

403

Free and Conjugated Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Developing Bean Seeds ¹

Giardiasis is recognized as a worldwide public health problem. Seroprevalence data from both the developing and developed world show high rates of carriage in populations at risk for fecal-oral transmission,...Full Text Available

1990-08-01

404

Forschungszentrum Juelich, Institut fuer Kernphysik/COSY. Annual report 2004

The changes in conjugated indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels compared to the levels of free IAA have been analyzed during the development of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed using quantitative...Full Text Available

1989-10-01

405

Final Report on the Evaluation of the NSF's Instructional Materials Development Program

The following topics are dealt with: Detectors at COSY, major physics results at COSY, physics at external facilities, theoretical investigations, COSY operation and developments, preparations for FAIR, technical developments. (HSI)

2005-03-01

406

Factors Predicting and Reducing Mortality in Patients with Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Disease in a Developing Country

... of the Evaluation of the Instructional Materials Development Program (PDF, 412 kb) Chapter I ... kb) Appendix 2: Instrument for Evaluating Materials (PDF, 935 kb) Appendix 3: Classroom Observation ...

407

Executive Development Journeys The Essence of Customized Programs

BackgroundInvasive Staphylococcus aureus infection is increasingly recognised as an important cause of serious sepsis across the developing world, with mortality...Full Text Available

408

Evaluation of tilted cone-beam CT orbits in the development of a dedicated hybrid mammotomograph

Summarizing the three main reasons why customized programs are commissioned, this book explains and explores the key aspects of successful development programs, with views from corporate sponsors, participants, faculty contributors and case studies of customised programs commissioned by 6 organizations

2010-01-01

409

Evaluation of one-pile foundations for wind turbines. Beoordeling van eenpaalsfundaties voor windturbines

A compact dedicated 3D breast SPECT-CT (mammotomography) system is currently under development. In its initial prototype, the cone-beam CT sub-system is restricted to a fixed-tilt circular rotation...Full Text Available

2009-06-21

410

Energizing the batteries for electric cars

A procedure has been developed for judging one-pile foundations for wind turbines. It appears that these foundations are good alternatives for block foundations. It is recommended to develop a program for testing one-pile foundations and to carry out a further research into their dynamic behavior.

1986-01-01

411

Endogenous expression of Hras^G12V induces developmental defects and neoplasms with copy number imbalances of the oncogene

This article reports of the nickel-metal-hydride battery and its ability to compete with the lead-acid battery in electric-powered vehicles. The topics of the article include development of the battery, the impetus for development in California environmental law, battery performance, packaging for the battery's hazardous materials, and the solid electrolyte battery.

1993-07-01

412

Effect of physiological levels of caffeine on Ca²⁺ handling and fatigue development in Xenopus isolated single myofibers

We developed mice with germline endogenous expression of oncogenic Hras to study effects on development and mechanisms of tumor initiation. They had high perinatal mortality, abnormal...Full Text Available

2009-05-12

413

Economic and financial issues relating to renewable energy systems in developing countires

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether exposure to exogenous physiological concentrations of caffeine influence contractility, Ca²⁺ handling, and fatigue development...Full Text Available

2009-05-01

414

EARLY FLOWERING3 Encodes a Novel Protein That Regulates Circadian Clock Function and Flowering in Arabidopsis

The problems of introducing renewable energy systems into communities having meagre resources are analysed. Topics covered include financial and economic barriers, subsidies and bank policy. It is concluded that without satisfactory financing mechanisms, renewable energies are unlikely to be widespread in the developing world. (UK)

1995-12-31

415

Downstream genes of Pax6 revealed by comprehensive transcriptome profiling in the developing rat hindbrain

Higher plants use photoperiodic cues to regulate many aspects of development, including the transition from vegetative to floral development. The EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3)...Full Text Available

2001-06-01

416

Developments of heavy-ion gas detectors at LNL

BackgroundThe transcription factor Pax6 is essential for the development of the central nervous system and it exerts its multiple functions by regulating the expression of downstream...Full Text Available

417

Development of engineered structural barriers for nuclear-waste packages

The most important developments in gaseous detectors at LNL are reviewed. Some aspects of timing, pulse height and position resolutions of avalanche counters are reported. The experimental work on heavy-ion identification by Bragg curve spectroscopy is summarized.

1984-05-01

418

Development of an Interference Electron Microscope.

The development of structural barriers for nuclear waste packages involves selection of candidate materials, their screening by mechanical and corrosion testing, rigorous accelerated testing, and evaluation and comparison with other package elements. This document presents results from work conducted on titanium and ferrous alloys.

1981-09-01

419

Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of trichloroethylene and its metabolites for use in risk assessment.

This report covers a further year's work on the development of an Interference Electron Microscope at Imperial College. The instrument is unlike others of its type which have been operated. The basic innovations are to produce the critical illumination co...

1967-01-01

420

Development of a coal fired pulse combustor for residential space heating. Technical progress report, October--December 1986

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed that provides a comprehensive description of the kinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) and its metabolites, trichloroethanol (TCOH),...Full Text Available

2000-05-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

421

Development of a Novel Post-processing Treatment Planning Platform for 4D Radiotherapy

This progress report presents a detailed description of the background, technology and application, and Statement of Work for the development of a coal-fired pulse combustor for residential space heating.

1986-12-31

422

Development and evaluation of a virtual microscopy application for automated assessment of Ki-67 expression in breast cancer

The aim of this study is to develop an Automatic Post-processing Tool for four-dimensional (4D) treatment planning (APT4D) that enables the user to perform some necessary procedures related...Full Text Available

2008-04-01

423

Development and Validation of the Convalescence And Recovery Evaluation (CARE) for Measuring Quality of Life after Surgery

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to develop a virtual microscopy enabled method for assessment of Ki-67 expression and to study the prognostic value of the automated analysis in...Full Text Available

424

Development and Application of Pathovar-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize the Lipopolysaccharide O Antigen and the Type IV Fimbriae of Xanthomonas hyacinthi

PurposeTo develop a generic instrument for measuring short-term health status in the recovery period among patients undergoing abdominal and pelvic surgery.Full Text Available

2008-08-01

425

Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Concentrated Aquatic Animal Production Industry Point Source Category.

The objective of this study was to develop a specific immunological diagnostic assay for yellow disease in hyacinths, using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Mice were immunized with a crude cell wall preparation...Full Text Available

1999-09-01

426

Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for the Ore Mining and Dressing: Point Source Category.

This section presents background information supporting the development of effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the concentrated aquatic animal production (CAAP) point source category. Section 1.1 presents the legal authority to regulate the ...

2002-01-01

427

This document presents the findings of an extensive study of the ore mining and dressing industry, for the purpose of developing effluent limitations guidelines for existing point sources and standards for performance new sources, to implement Sections 30...

1982-01-01

428

Defect modelling

Critical periods of vulnerability for the developing nervous system: evidence from humans and animal models.

Calculations, drawing principally on developments at AERE Harwell, of the relaxation about lattice defects are reviewed with emphasis on the techniques required for such calculations. The principles of defect modelling are outlined and various programs developed for defect simulations are discussed. Particular calculations for metals, ionic crystals and oxides, are considered. (UK).

1980-03-01

429

Combining Google Earth and GIS mapping technologies in a dengue surveillance system for developing countries

Vulnerable periods during the development of the nervous system are sensitive to environmental insults because they are dependent on the temporal and regional emergence of critical developmental processes...Full Text Available

2000-06-01

430

Chagas disease: an impediment in achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Latin America

BackgroundDengue fever is a mosquito-borne illness that places significant burden on tropical developing countries with unplanned urbanization. A surveillance system using Google...Full Text Available

431

Calcitriol but no other metabolite of vitamin D is essential for normal bone growth and development in the rat.

BackgroundAchieving sustainable economic and social growth through advances in health is crucial in Latin America within the framework of the United Nations Millennium Development...Full Text Available

432

Biobank resources for future patient care: developments, principles and concepts

To determine the relative importance of different metabolites of vitamin D in bone growth and development, weanling male rat pups suckled by vitamin D-deficient mothers were given either calcitriol...Full Text Available

1984-02-01

433

Barotrauma developed during intra-hospital transfer -A case report-

The aim of the overview is to give a perspective of global biobank development is given in a view of positioning biobanking as a key resource for healthcare to identify new potential markers that can...Full Text Available

434

Astrocyte-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Stabilizes Vessels in the Developing Retinal Vasculature

A 74-year-old male patient receiving ventilatory support due to aspiration pneumonia developed bilateral pneumothorax, pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum, pneumo-retroperitoneum, and subcutaneous...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

435

Association of Thyroid Hormone Concentrations with Levels of Organochlorine Compounds in Cord Blood of Neonates

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in normal development as well as retinal vasculature disease. During retinal vascularization, VEGF is most strongly expressed by not yet...Full Text Available

436

Angiotensin II Promotes Development of the Renal Microcirculation through AT₁ Receptors

BackgroundThyroid hormones are important regulators of brain development. During critical periods of development, even transient disorders in thyroid hormone availability may lead...Full Text Available

2007-12-01

437

Analysis of the Development of the Nasal Septum according to Age and Gender Using MRI

Pharmacologic or genetic deletion of components of the renin-angiotensin system leads to postnatal kidney injury, but the roles of these components in kidney development are unknown. To test the hypothesis...Full Text Available

2010-03-01

438

Analysis of target cell susceptibility as a basis for the development of a chemoprotective strategy against benzene-induced hematotoxicities.

ObjectivesThis study was designed to evaluate the normal development of the nasal septum in Koreans using sagittal MRI for the valuable clinical information on septal procedures.MethodsTwo...Full Text Available

2008-03-01

439

An outline of the Sunshine Project in 1982

A goal of our research is to identify biochemical factors that underlie the susceptibility of bone marrow cell populations to benzene metabolites so as to develop a mechanistically based chemoprotective...Full Text Available

1996-12-01

440

Agricultural R&D, technology and productivity

The Sunshine Project of Japan was inaugurated in 1974. Since 1980 it has been promoting priority projects such as coal liquefaction. Japan is now promoting the basic and applied research that underpins this development and is increasing the efficiency of technical development. With regard to risk dispersion, the expansion of international cooperation such as the IEA is being promoted.

1982-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

441

Adapting developing country epidemiological assessment techniques to improve the quality of health needs assessments in developed countries

The relationships between basic and applied agricultural R&D, developed and developing country R&D and between R&D, extension, technology and productivity growth are outlined....Full Text Available

2010-09-27

442

Acetylsalicylic acid as soluble tablets

BackgroundWe were commissioned to carry out three health assessments in urban areas of Dublin in Ireland. We required an epidemiologically robust method that could collect data rapidly...Full Text Available

443

Acetolactate Synthase Activity in Developing Maize (Zea mays L.) Kernels

Realization of Pharmacological Tests, Development of the Specifications and Technical Documentation and Registration in the Russian Federation of Medical Products as Soluble Tablets of Acetylsalicylic Acid/Calcium Carbonate in Two Dosages Intended for use as Medical Products Smoothing, Febrifugal and Antiaggregation Action and Development of Technology of Tableting the Above-Stated Preparations

444

A model of personality change after traumatic brain injury and the development of the Brain Injury Personality Scales

Acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18) activity was examined in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm and embryos as a function of kernel development. When assayed using unpurified homogenates,...Full Text Available

1988-01-01

445

A conserved switch in sensory processing prepares developing neocortex for vision

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to develop models of personality change after traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on information provided by the TBI survivor and a significant...Full Text Available

2007-11-01

446

A Comparison of the Metabolic Fate of Fatty Acids of Different Chain Lengths in Developing Oilseeds

Developing cortex generates endogenous activity that modulates the formation of functional units, but how this activity is altered to support mature function is poorly understood. Using recordings...Full Text Available

2010-08-12

447

45 CFR 1304.24 - Child mental health.

To determine if medium and long chain fatty acids can be appropriately metabolized by species that normally produce 16 and 18 carbon fatty acids, homogenates of developing Cuphea wrightii, Carthamus...Full Text Available

1989-07-01

448

Vacuum Packaging for Microelectromechanical Systems ...

... 2010-10-01 false Child mental health. 1304.24 Section 1304.24 Public...HUMAN DEVELOPMENT SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES THE ADMINISTRATION...AGENCIES Early Childhood Development and Health Services § 1304.24 Child...

2010-10-01

449

Update of the Navy Contract Writing Guide

... more than expected in developing a unique bond strength measurement protocol that is important for a wide range of bond strength measurements. ...

2002-10-01

450

Tritium Oxide Content Control

... These requirements may be expressed in terms of MIL-STD-2073-1, DoD Material Procedures for Development and Application of Packaging ...

2004-06-01

451

Trauma Patient Followup Registry

Development of Method and Technical Project of the Plant for Thermo-Vacuum Desorption of Tritium Oxide (HTO) from the Environmental Samples

452

Thermally developing flow in curved square ducts with internal fins

... Abstract : The goal of this project has been to explore and document the information management capabilities needed to develop a transportable ...

1987-07-31

453

The challenge of implementing an IRP process in Asia: The case of Hainan Province, China

The laminar incompressible hydrodynamically fully developed and thermally developing flow is studied in a curved square duct with four longitudinal fins. The duct is successively subjected to constant wall temperature, to circumferentially uniform temperature and axially linearly or exponentially varying temperature. The local and fully developed Nusselt numbers are examined for various values of the Dean number and it is found that the heat transfer rate increases for high fins. The parameters that affect the entry length are studied and the fluctuations of the local Nu that appear in the entrance region are investigated. Temperature contour plots are presented for the visualization of the temperature field and functional relations for the Nusselt number are proposed in terms of the Dean and Prandtl numbers. (orig.)

2005-11-01

454

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1992 Ship ...

Developing a modern electric power sector is necessary for economic growth and development to proceed. Institutions to implement an IRP (integrated resource planning) process do not exist in many countries. Hainan`s economy is growing rapidly with a concomitant increase in electricity demand. This is an ideal time in Hainan`s development to implement an IRP process. The challenge is for Hainan to develop institutions and incentive mechanisms for HEPCO (Hainan Electric Power Co.) to adopt cost-based pricing, run DSM programs, construct renewable generating plants, etc. One proposal is to great a Hainan government-wide IRP committee.

1994-12-31

455

The Influence of pH on the Color Development of Melanoidins Formed from Fructose/Amino Acid Enantiomer Model Systems

... Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Shipbuilding and Repair Point Source Category (Draft ...

1992-09-01

456

Sunflower power system test report topical report, nov. - 19 dec. 1962

Full Text Available

2008-12-01

457

Sunflower power conversion system development test program

1964-01-01

458

Steam turbines

The author gives the historical development of steam-turbine construction in Europe since the turn of the century, and the technical further development of conventional turbines due to the increases in the steam parameters and per-unit outputs in the increases in the steam parameters and per-unit outputs in Europe and the USA. Marginal conditions for the development of turbines in nuclear power stations with light-water reactors are mentioned. The rise in the per-unit capacities of the turbosets constructed in Germany and the USA for nuclear power stations is discussed. Longitudinal sections through typical turbines are shown. The future development of turbines with high output is dealt with. (orig.).

459

Steam turbines

Shock and Impact Response of Naval Composite Structures

A report is given on the development and operational experience in steam turbines in an annual review. The author refers to an extensive bibliography on this subject. (TK/LH).

460

Separator Plates with Metal Felt Insertions

... at the end of this report. A. Low-Velocity Impact of Composite Sandwich Panels In 2007, the PI developed analytical solutions ...

2010-08-09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

461

Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Technologies

Development of Bipolar Separator Plates with Porous Insertions of Metal Felt as Bearing Surfaces for Fuel Cell Electrodes

462

SAMS Research and Development

Development of SHS-technologies for SiC, Si3N4 and Ceramic Composites on Their Basis from Rocks

463

Release 01-93 - NASA Human Space Flight

... resolution video. RESULTS Statistics describing the typical inertial navigation error growth were collected. Typical errors ...

2008-08-06

464

RXTE Catches Morphing Magnetar

These cutting-edge developments will be used for future government and commercial launch systems and space transportation operations. ...

465

Performance Testing Methodology for Safety-Critical Programmable Logic Controller

This exciting new development in neutron star evolution was presented at the Winter 2004 AAS Meeting in Atlantia,Georgia. ...

466

The Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) for use in Nuclear Power Plant safety-related applications is being developed and tested first time in Korea. This safety-related PLC is being developed with requirements of regulatory guideline and industry standards for safety system. To test that the quality of the developed PLC is sufficient to be used in safety critical system, document review and various product testings were performed over the development documents for S/W, H/W, and V/V. This paper provides the performance testing methodology and its effectiveness for PLC platform conducted by KOPEC

2009-05-01

467

NRL Fact Book 2010

... Tactical Electronic Warfare Division (Code 5700) Visualization Laboratory Transportable step frequency radar Vehicle development laboratory ...

2011-05-15

468

NRL Fact Book

Lunar Communication & Navigation Architecture

... Tactical Electronic Warfare Division (Code 5700) Visualization Laboratory Transportable step frequency radar Vehicle development laboratory ...

2011-05-15

469

Prior to this at TRW, Mr. Schier managed flight software development on the MILSTAR Communications Payload and led integration and verification work on ...

470

Low-Cost Crystal Silicon

Liquid nitrogen dewar for protein crystal growth

The Development of Basic Plasma-Chemical Technology for Manufacture of Low Cost Crystal Silicon for Solar Power Plants.

471

Keratoconus: Frequently Asked Questions

Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar apparatus developed by Dr. Alex McPherson of the University of California,

2001-01-01

472

JPRS Report, Nuclear Developments

... a new cornea? As many of you know stem cell research and efforts to develop a replacement cornea have ...

473

India's tryst with modern astronomy

... II. Nuclear Purification Nuclear purity is achieved with the help of the treatment of commercial concentrates of uranium ("yellow cake"). ...

1988-06-03

474

IT development and application practices in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station

Sumedh Anathpindika surveys astronomy in India and finds a lively and developing community as well as great public interest.

2011-01-01

475

How the Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act of 1993 has impacted the constitutional dynamics of federal wetlands delineation and regulation

2002 p. 139 China Sun Haiying Ye Zhiqiang Bu Jianhua Guangdong Nuclear

476

Growth, Characterization and Device Development in ...

A reliable source of specific criteria for recognizing a wetland, as defined for regulatory purposes would be valuable. In 1987 the Army Corps of Engineers developed a technical manual for identifying wetlands (1987 Wetlands Manual). An interagency manual (1989 Wetlands Manual) was later developed. This manual has been used to identify wetlands according to three evidentiary factors: vegetation, hydrology, and soil. This paper addresses the development of criteria to delineate wetlands, and describes some of the logic used by federal courts to uphold the limited constitutional use of the 1989 Wetlands Manual.

1995-12-31

477

Geometric and topological methods for quantum field theory

... eV. In some instances the spontaneous radiation from a free electron laser system was employed to obtain images. The ...

1998-03-01

478

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE AN/DMQ-9 ...

An introduction to recent developments in several active topics at the interface between algebra, geometry, topology and quantum field theory

2010-01-01

479

Energy Engineering Analysis Program (EEAP), Cornhusker ...

... is disengaged from the spent rocket motor by a ... of the outbound and incoming modu- ... meteorological sensor and reference resistor is accomplished ...

1965-06-01

480

Development of equipment for irradiated nuclear fuel reprocessing plant

... is to develop a systematic program of energy consumption reductions in compliance with the stated goals of the Army Facilities Energy Plan (AFEP ...

1984-03-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

481

Development of an efficient, low-NOx domestic gas range cooktop. Phase 3. Final report, January 1986-December 1988. Technical report

2002 p. 9-10, 83-84 Russian Federation Glagolenko, Yu.V. Dzekun, EG

482

Development of a solvent extraction process for cesium removal from SRS tank waste

The objective of the program was to develop a domestic cooktop with low-NOx emissions and high efficiency. During the first two phases of the program, three design concepts were developed, and two versions of developmental prototypes using the IR-Jet approach were fabricated and tested. The third phase was initiated to address the design issues of a simmer setting, air/gas metering, and jet plate durability and to develop prototypes for interested manufacturers.

1989-10-01

483

Development and Calibration of Two and Four Wire Water ...

An alkaline-side solvent extraction process was developed for cesium removal from Savannah River Site (SRS) tank waste. The process was invented at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and developed and tested at Argonne National Laboratory using singlestage and multistage tests in a laboratory-scale centrifugal contactor. The dispersion number, hydraulic performance, stage efficiency, and general operability of the process flowsheet were determined. Based on these tests, further solvent development work was done. The final solvent formulation appears to be an excellent candidate for removing cesium from SRS tank waste.

2001-06-30

484

Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source Category.

... measurement. Power spectral density measurements are made by the dynamic signal analyzer for each channel. A cross power ...

1992-12-01

485

Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for the Organic Chemicals and Plastics and Synthetic Fibers Industry.

No abstract available.

1980-01-01

486

No abstract available.

1983-01-01

487

Development - NASA

Design, Fabrication, Test, and Evaluation of Spiral Bevel ...

12], the Predictive Capability Maturity Model (PCMM) [ref. 13], the Uncertainty Structure scale [ref. 11], and the Simulation Readiness Level (SRL) scale ...

488

DEVELOPMENT OF A TUNED DAMPER TO REDUCE ...

... Development Tapered Roller Bearing Program . . . 11 ... 98 61 Tapered Roller Bearing Component t Identification..... 104 ...

1973-06-01

489

Concerning a Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban

... Since power spectral density measurements are the result of a statisti- cal sampling process, as are the probability measurements, we now ...

1967-09-01

490

Chiral dynamics of few-nucleon systems

... US Congress, Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Development, Use, and Control ofNuclear Energy for the Common Defense and Security and for ...

2011-05-14

491

Anticipatory nausea and vomiting

I discuss some recent developments in chiral effective field theory for few-nucleon systems.

2008-06-01

492

Brain Basics

Medline Plus

... Such disorders include depression , anxiety disorders , bipolar disorder , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) , and many others. Some people who develop ...

493

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A commonly reported consequence of post-treatment nausea or vomiting is the development of anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV). In most published work, nausea is reported to occur before chemotherapy drugs are administered by approximately 20% of patients at any one chemotherapy cycle and by 25?30% of patients by their fourth chemotherapy cycle. Most studies in adult patients strongly support the view that the development of ANV involves elements of classical conditioning. The best method to avoid development of ANV is to adequately prevent both vomiting and nausea from the first exposure to chemotherapy. If anticipatory side effects develop, behavioral treatment techniques, such as systematic desensitization, have been shown effective. Benzodiazepines used in combination with behaviora...

2011-01-01

494

An application of possibilistic programming to the fuzzy location?allocation problems

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper considers location?allocation problem in the real uncertain world and develops a possibilistic non-linear programming model to deal with this problem. Fuzzy decision making in fuzzy environment concept is used to determine possibility distribution of location and allocation variables. To solve this model, a novel approach based on genetic algorithm structure is developed. As the proposed model includes both deterministic (location) and uncertain (allocation) parameters, the developed solution algorithm uses a hybrid chromosome structure. Also, to cover continuous nature of the problem and prevent GA from early convergence, a new crossover operator is introduced. Finally, performance of the developed algorithm is evaluated by an example.

2011-01-01

495

Alaska: a guide to geothermal energy development

Advanced Thermal Management for Military Application

A brief overview is given of the geological characteristics of each region of the state as they relate to potential geothermal development. Those exploration methods which can lead to the siting of a deep exploration well are described. Requirements and techniques needed for drilling deeper higher temperature exploration and production wells are presented. Electrical generation, direct utilization, and indirect utilization are reviewed. Economic factors of direct use projects are presented. A general guide to the regulatory framework affecting geothermal energy development is provided. The general steps necessary to gain access to explore, develop, distribute, and use geothermal resources are outlined. (MHR)

1980-06-01

496

Absorption-Electrochemical Surface Decontamination

... management. 5.3 Decreased Emissions Changes in engine emission regulations are driving engine technology development. A ...

2004-12-01

497

A study to develop the domestic functional requirements of the specific safety systems of CANDU

Development of a Comprehensive Decontamination Database and an Absorption-Electrochemical Metal Surface Decontamination Technique Combining Chemical and Electrochemical Process

498

A study to develop the domestic functional requirements of the specific safety systems of CANDU

The present research has been made to develop and review critically the functional requirements of the specific safety systems of CANDU such as SDS-1, SDS2, ECCS, and containment. Based on R documents for this, a systematic study was made to develop the domestic regulation statements. Also, the conventional laws are carefully reviewed to see the compatibility to CANDU. Also, the safety assessment method for CANDU was studied by reviewing C documents and recommendation of IAEA. Through the present works, the vague policy in the CANDU safety regulation is cleaning up in a systematic form and a new frame to measure the objective risk of nuclear power plants was developed.

2003-03-15

499

A Structural Approach to the Photonic Processor

The present research has been made to develop and review critically the functional requirements of the specific safety systems of CANDU such as SOS-1, SOS-2, ECCS and containment. Based on R documents for this, a systematic study was made to develop the domestic regulation statements. Also, the conventional laws are carefully reviewed to see the compatibility to CANDU. Also, the safety assessment method for CANDU was studied by reviewing C documents and recommendation of IAEA. Through the present works, the vague policy in the CANDU safety regulation is cleaning up in a systematic form and a new frame to measure the objective risk of nuclear power plants was developed.

2001-03-15

500