WorldWideScience
1

Maturation of GABAergic Inhibition Promotes Strengthening of Temporally Coherent Inputs among Convergent Pathways  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), a form of Hebbian plasticity, is inherently stabilizing. Whether and how GABAergic inhibition influences STDP is not well understood. Using a model neuron driven...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

2

Maturation of GABAergic Inhibition Promotes Strengthening of Temporally Coherent Inputs among Convergent Pathways  

Science.gov (United States)

Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), a form of Hebbian plasticity, is inherently stabilizing. Whether and how GABAergic inhibition influences STDP is not well understood. Using a model neuron driven by converging inputs modifiable by STDP, we determined that a sufficient level of inhibition was critical to ensure that temporal coherence (correlation among presynaptic spike times) of synaptic inputs, rather than initial strength or number of inputs within a pathway, controlled postsynaptic spike timing. Inhibition exerted this effect by preferentially reducing synaptic efficacy, the ability of inputs to evoke postsynaptic action potentials, of the less coherent inputs. In visual cortical slices, inhibition potently reduced synaptic efficacy at ages during but not before the critical period of ocular dominance (OD) plasticity. Whole-cell recordings revealed that the amplitude of ...

2010-06-03

3

Hideout return testing from support crevices  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The objectives of the project were to develop operational techniques for promoting contaminant hideout return from tube support crevices and to identify the effect of chemical inhibitor application on corrodent transport. The implementation of routine procedures for promoting the return of sequestered corrodents could retard the progression of denting or other corrosion processes and improve steam generator availability. Tests also quantified the effect of inhibitor application on crevice hideout and hideout return processes, with the intention of developing a better understanding of the inhibition mechanism. By carefully monitoring the hideout and hideout return inventories, the program also has provided the opportunity to study steam generator concentration processes in general.

1985-03-01

4

Study of phosphonate addition and hydrodynamic conditions on ordinary steel corrosion inhibition in simulated cooling water  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of phosphonate anion (PHOS) on the corrosion of ordinary steel in simulated cooling water has been studied using weight loss, polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. PHOS was studied in the concentration range from 7.5x10^-^5 to 10^-^3M. The results obtained reveal that PHOS perform excellently as corrosion inhibitor for ordinary steel in simulated cooling water. The inhibition efficiency of PHOS was increased with increasing both its concentration and water circulation velocity. These two factors seem to promote the adsorption of phosphorus and oxygen ions on the metal surface, leading to the formation of a protective layer with a greater charge transfer resistance and lower permeability. The inhibition efficiency decreased slightly with tem...

2010-01-01

5

Heterogeneity of the supramammillary-hippocampal pathways: Evidence for a unique GABAergic neurotransmitter phenotype and regional differences  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) provides substantial projections to the hippocampal formation. This hypothalamic structure is involved in the regulation of hippocampal theta rhythm and therefore...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

6

Granule cells in the CA3 area  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A fundamental property of neuronal networks in Ammon’s horn is that each area is comprised of a single glutamatergic cell population and various types of GABAergic neurons. Here we describe...Full Text Available

2010-06-16

7

Genetic Modulation of GABA Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex by GAD1 and COMT  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic transmission is critical for normal cortical function and is likely abnormal in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. We tested the in...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

8

A Comparative Perspective on Minicolumns and Inhibitory GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Neocortical columns are functional and morphological units whose architecture may have been under selective evolutionary pressure in different mammalian lineages in response to encephalization and specializations...Full Text Available

9

Sorbent for use in hot gas desulfurization  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A multiple metal oxide sorbent supported on a zeolite of substantially silicon oxide is used for the desulfurization of process gas streams, such as from a coal gasifier, at temperatures in the range of about 1200.degree. to about 1600.degree. F. The sorbent is provided by a mixture of copper oxide and manganese oxide and preferably such a mixture with molybdenum oxide. The manganese oxide and the molybdenum are believed to function as promoters for the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with copper oxide. Also, the manganese oxide inhibits the volatilization of the molybdenum oxide at the higher temperatures.

1993-01-01

10

Lack of the Long Pentraxin PTX3 Promotes Autoimmune Lung Disease but not Glomerulonephritis in Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The long pentraxin PTX3 has multiple roles in innate immunity. For example, PTX3 regulates C1q binding to pathogens and dead cells and regulates their uptake by phagocytes. It also inhibits P-selectin-mediated...Full Text Available

11

Cordycepin Blocks Lung Injury-Associated Inflammation and Promotes BRCA1-Deficient Breast Cancer Cell Killing by Effectively Inhibiting PARP  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cordycepin has been shown to interfere with a myriad of molecular processes from RNA elongation to kinase activity, and prevents numerous inflammatory processes in animal models. Here we show in a mouse...Full Text Available

2011-09-01

12

Epigenetic regulation of Myc on retinoic acid receptor beta and PDLIM4 in RWPE1 cells  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

BACKGROUND Hypermethylation of CpG islands is a common epigenetic alteration associated with cancer. Tumor suppressor genes retinoic acid receptor beta (RARb) and PDLIM4 are hypermethylated and silenced in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and PCa cell lines compared to normal prostate cells. METHODS In this study, a benign prostate epithelial cell line RWPE1 was used as a model to study the epigenetic regulation of Myc on the RARb and PDLIM4 promoters. Forced Myc overexpression inhibited the RARb and PDLIM4 expression. RESULTS Pyrosequencing study showed that Myc overexpression increased methylation in several CpG sites of both promoters. A DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2prime-deoxycytidine reversed the epigenetic alteration effect of Myc on both RARb and PDLIM4. CONCLUSION The epigenetic r...

2009-01-01

13

Host derived inflammatory phospholipids regulate rahU (PA0122) Gene, Protein, and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study describes the role of "inflammatory" oxidized (Ox) phospholipids in regulation of rahU (PA0122) expression and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (383) wild type (rahU+) and rahU mutant (rahU-) strains. Functional analysis of RahU protein from P. aeruginosa in presence of Ox-phospholipids show: (a) LysoPC modulates RahU gene/and protein expression in rahU+ cells; (b) rahU promoter activity is increased by lysoPC and inhibited by PAPC, Ox-PAPC and arachidonic acid; the latter inhibitory effect can be reversed by lysoPC, which was enzymatically derived from PAPC; (c) biofilm formation increased in rahU- cells as compared to rahU+; and (d) inhibition of rahU promoter activity by PAPC and AA (but not lysoPC) showed significantly augmented biofilm formation in rahU+ but not ...

2011-01-01

14

Protracted ethanol withdrawal in rats: Tolerance to the anxiolytic effects of diazepam and pentobarbital but not phenobarbital  

Science.gov (United States)

Anxiety is a common symptom during ethanol withdrawal contributing to its continuous abuse and alcoholism. Ethanol withdrawal in rats produces an interoceptive discriminative stimulus (IDS) similar to that produced by the anxiogenic drug pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). This stimulus peaks at 12 hours after last dose of ethanol and thereafter the IDS is detected for several days (protracted withdrawal) by sensitization to a probe drug. previously, the authors have shown that during the protracted withdrawal, the IDS is enhanced by GABA receptor antagonists suggesting alteration of brain GABA systems. This report provides further evidence that chronic ethanol alters GABAergic systems. Rats were trained to discriminate PTZ (20 mg/kg, ip) from saline. Diazepam, pentobarbital and phenobarbital blocked the PTZ-IDS dose dependently. Ethanol, 4.5% w/v, was then given in a nutritionally complete diet for a week. On termination of the ethanol diet, rats exhibited signs and symptoms ...

1990-02-26

15

Single Particle Tracking of ?7 Nicotinic AChR in Hippocampal Neurons Reveals Regulated Confinement at Glutamatergic and GABAergic Perisynaptic Sites  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChR) form Ca2+-permeable homopentameric channels modulating cortical network activity and cognitive processing....Full Text Available

16

Altered GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission disrupts the firing of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in male mice under conditions that mimic steroid abuse  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Gonadotropin–releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are the central regulators of reproduction. GABAergic transmission plays a critical role in pubertal activation of pulsatile GnRH secretion....Full Text Available

2010-05-12

17

Insulin-induced decrease in protein phosphorylation in rat adipocytes not explained by decreased A-kinase activity  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In isolated rat adipocytes, insulin inhibits lipolysis to a greater extent than would be predicted by the decrease in (-/+)cAMP activity ratio of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase), from which it was speculated that insulin promotes the dephosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase. They have examined the phosphorylation state of cellular proteins under conditions of varying A-kinase activities in the presence and absence of insulin. Protein phosphorylation was determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of extracts from /sup 32/P-loaded cells; glycerol and A-kinase activity ratios were measured in the cytosolic extracts from control, non-radioactive cells. Increased protein phosphorylation in general occurred over the same range of A-kinase activity ratios, 0.1-0.3, associated with increased glycerol release. The insulin-induced decrease in lipolysis was associated with a decrease in the /sup 32/P content of several proteins, an effect not ...

1987-05-01

18

Poncirin promotes osteoblast differentiation but inhibits adipocyte differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells.  

Science.gov (United States)

Poncirin, flavanone glycoside, isolated from the fruit of Poncirus trifoliata, has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the effects of poncirin on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells were investigated. The C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells and primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were studied. In the C3H10T1/2 cells, poncirin prevented adipocyte differentiation, as demonstrated by inhibition of cytoplasm lipid droplet accumulation and peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor-? (PPAR-?) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-? (C/EBP-?) mRNA expression. By contrast, poncirin enhanced the expression of the key osteogenic transcription factors, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Poncirin also enhanced expression of the osteogenic marker genes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC). Poncirin increased mineral nodule formation in primary ...

2011-05-01

19

Polyphenol rich botanicals used as food supplements interfere with EphA2-ephrinA1 system  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The Eph tyrosine kinase receptors and their ephrin ligands play a central role in several human cancers and their deregulated expression or function promotes tumorigenesis, inducing aggressive tumor phenotypes. Green tea extracts (GTE) have been recently found to inhibit Eph-kinase phosphorylation. In order to evaluate the potential contribution of edible and medicinal plants on EphA2-ephrinA1 modulation, 133 commercially available plant extracts used as food supplements, essential and fixed oils were screened with an ELISA-based binding assay. Nine plant extracts, rich of polyphenols, reversibly inhibited binding in a dose-dependent manner (IC"5"0 0.83-24@mg/ml). Functional studies on PC3 prostate adenocarcinoma cells revealed that active extracts antagonized ephrinA1-Fc-induced EphA2-pho...

2011-01-01

20

Novel high-throughput screening system for identifying STAT3-SH2 antagonists  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Constitutive activation of the oncogenic transcription factor STAT3 frequently occurs in various human malignancies. STAT3 activation involves dimerization via intermolecular pTyr-SH2 interaction. Thus, antagonizing this interaction is a feasible approach to inhibit STAT3 activation for cancer therapy. In order to identify selective STAT3 inhibitors, we developed a biochemical HTS system based on AlphaScreen technology, which measures the abilities of test compounds to antagonize pTyr-SH2 interactions. We screened our chemical libraries using this system and identified 5,15-diphenylporphyrin (5,15-DPP) as a selective STAT3-SH2 antagonist. Selective inhibition of STAT3 nuclear translocation and DNA biding activity was observed in cells treated with 5,15-DPP. IL-6-dependent dimerization of STAT3, c-myc promoter binding and c-myc protein expression were all suppressed by 5,15-DPP, whereas no decrement in either expression or ...

2009-03-13

21

Inhibition of tau fibrillization by oleocanthal via reaction with the amino groups of tau  

Science.gov (United States)

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability. In Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies, tau fibrillizes and aggregates into neurofibrillary tangles. Recently, oleocanthal isolated from extra virgin olive oil was found to display non-steroidal anti-inflammatory activity similar to ibuprofen. Since our unpublished data indicates an inhibitory effect of oleocanthal on A? fibrillization, we reasoned that it might inhibit tau fibrillization as well. Herein we demonstrate that oleocanthal abrogates fibrillization of tau by locking tau into the naturally unfolded state. Using PHF6 consisting of the amino acid residues VQIVYK, a hexapeptide within the third repeat of tau that is essential for fibrillization, we show that oleocanthal forms an adduct with the lysine via initial Schiff base formation. Structure and function studies demonstrate that the two aldehyde groups of oleocanthal are required for ...

2009-06-15

22

Effect of fluoride ion on the pitting corrosion of type 304 stainless steel in neutral NaCl solution. Chusei NaCl suiyoekichu ni okeru SUS 304 ko no koshoku ni oyobosu F[sup -] no eikyo  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anode polarization measurement is performed in mixed solution of NaCl and NaF using SUS 304 steel to investigate whether F[sup -] promotes or inhibits pitting corrosion. Pitting corrosion does not occur in the solution of NaF only, but passive state is broken above a certain critical potential, resulting in overall dissolution. When anode polarization measurement is made in a solution of fixed concentration NaCl added with NaF, pitting corrosion is inhibited at a certain critical concentration. F[sup -] has no effect on corrosion potential in the solution up to this critical concentration. Overall dissolution occurs in the solution with higher concentration than the critical concentration, the current value at that time agrees with that in the solution of NaF alone, and no effect of Cl[sup -] is shown. The concentration range where pitting corrosion occurs and that where overall dissolution occurs are divided by a straight ...

1994-05-15

23

Study of epileptiform activity in cerebral ganglion of mud crab Scylla serrata  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An attempt is made to induce in mud crab (Scylla serrata) epileptiform activities that resemble the generalized epileptic seizures. Cerebral ganglion of crab was exposed in situ, to a convulsant drug pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) 100?mM, for induction of seizures. Also, crabs were pretreated with antiepileptic drug viz sodium valproate (120??mol/l) to inhibit epileptiform activities. The surface electrical discharges of cerebral ganglion were recorded using Unkelscope (MIT, USA) in control as well as experimental animals. The cerebral ganglion of crab showed a pattern of high cerebral electrical discharges after PTZ treatment compared to control. The sodium valproate promoted sedative action in control and prevented PTZ-mediated epileptiform discharges. Glutamate and GABA contents in cerebral g...

2011-01-01

24

Studies of the reduction mechanism of selenium dioxide and its impact on the microstructure of manganese electrodeposit  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The influence of selenium dioxide (SeO2) on the microstructure and electrodeposition of manganese coatings obtained from a sulfate based neutral solution was investigated by material characterization methods and electrochemical techniques. The crystal structure and surface morphology of these coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), respectively. The SEM and XRD data showed that SeO2 could effectively accelerate phase transformation, and facilitate leveled and fine grain growth. The electrochemical results indicated that SeO2 could inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction and promote manganese deposition. The action of selenium dioxide in manganese deposition was found to be a reduction and adsorption mechanism. The process cou...

2011-01-01

25

Pleiotropic regulation of macrophage polarization and tumorigenesis by formyl peptide receptor-2  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Cancer cells recruit monocytes, macrophages and other inflammatory cells by producing abundant chemoattractants and growth factors, such as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF/CSF-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), to promote tumor growth and dissemination. An understanding of the mechanisms that target cancer cells and regulate tumor microenvironment is essential in designing anticancer therapies. Here, we showed that serum amyloid-A (SAA) and cathelicidin (LL-37) stimulated M-CSF and MCP-1 expression with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration; conversely, lipoxin-A4 (LXA4) and annexin-A1 (ANXA1) inhibited LPS-induced M-CSF and MCP-1 production by human (HepG2) and mouse (H22) hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs). The effects of LXA4, ANXA1, SAA ...

2011-01-01

26

Pit lakes: their characteristics and the potential for their remediation  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pit lakes form when open-pit mining operations are discontinued and dewatering ceases. The increase in open-pit metal mining since the 1970s will lead to the formation of numerous pit lakes over the next 50 years. Many of these lakes will develop acid sulfate conditions with high levels of dissolved metals. Approaches to remediation of these conditions that have been recommended include the addition of lime or other alkaline materials and the stimulation of sulfate-reducing bacteria. However, prevention rather than remediation is probably the preferable approach. Measures to prevent oxidation of mining waste and wall rocks, including measures to fill pits quickly with water, to inhibit the activity of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and to promote anoxic conditions at the lake bottoms may minimize the formation of acids and dissolved metals. (orig.)

2000-10-01

27

Dissolution rate of limestone for wet flue gas desulfurization in the presence of sulfite.  

Science.gov (United States)

Limestone dissolution rate was measured by a pH-stat method with CO(2) sparging and dissolved sulfite. The dissolution rate of limestone under these conditions was found to be controlled by mass transfer and surface kinetics. As can be seen from the results, in the presence of sulfite, limestone dissolution rate increases with increasing stirring speed, reaction temperature and CO(2) partial pressure. The crystallinity of limestone has a great impact on the dissolution rate: The lower the value of the crystallinity of limestone is, the higher the dissolution rate is. The presence of sulfite promotes the dissolution rate when pH value is below 5.5 but inhibits it when pH value is above 5.5. PMID:19359093

2009-03-11

28

Analysis of mixing in a Twin Cam mixer using smoothed particle hydrodynamics  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian, particle-based method that is well suited to industrial mixing simulations. Mass transport is simply the motion of the particles, and its grid-free nature means that it can easily accommodate complicated geometries involving moving parts and sharp corners. This article describes 2D SPH simulations of a Twin Cam mixer and compares the results against experimental data and results from two published finite element method (FEM) simulations. To analyze the mixing processes in the Twin Cam mixer, we present a method for calculating the Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE) using SPH particle data. The FTLEs can be used to locate the unstable and stable manifolds in the flow and indicate where mixing is either promoted or inhibited in the flo...

2008-01-01

29

Disruption of contact inhibition in rat liver epithelial cells by various types of AhR ligands  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The maintenance of a balance between cell gain and cell loss is essential for proper liver function. The exact role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis of liver cells remains unclear, since ligand-dependent activation of AhR has been shown to induce cell cycle arrest, proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis, depending on the cellular model used. AhR can directly interact with retinoblastoma protein in hepatic cells, forming protein complexes that can efficiently block cell cycle progression by inducing G1 arrest, or to induce the expression of inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, such as p271. On the other hand, it has been suggested that AhR could play a stimulatory role in cell proliferation, either directly or by mediating a release from contact inhibition. It is now generally accepted that progenitor cells exist in the liver, are activated in various liver diseases and can form a potential target cell ...

2004-09-15

30

Extracellular ATP4- promotes cation fluxes in the J774 mouse macrophage cell line  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Extracellular ATP stimulates transmembrane ion fluxes in the mouse macrophage cell line J774. In the presence of Mg2+, nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs and other purine and pyrimidine nucleotides do not elicit this response, suggesting the presence of a specific receptor for ATP on the macrophage plasma membrane. One candidate for such a receptor is the ecto-ATPase expressed on these cells. We, therefore, investigated the role of this enzyme in ATP-induced /sup 86/Rb+ efflux in J774 cells. The ecto-ATPase had a broad nucleotide specificity and did not hydrolyze extracellular ATP in the absence of divalent cations. /sup 86/Rb+ efflux was not blocked by inhibition of the ecto-ATPase and did not require Ca2+ or Mg2+. In fact, ATP-stimulated /sup 86/Rb+ efflux was inhibited by Mg2+ and correlated with the availability of ATP4- in the medium. In the absence of divalent cations, the slowly hydrolyzable ATP analogs adenosine 5'-(beta, ...

1987-03-05

31

Promoting investment in small Caribbean states  

Norwegian Open Research Archives (NORA)

Full Text Available

32

Modulating factors in the expression of radiation-induced oncogenic transformation  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many assays for oncogenic transformation have been developed ranging from those in established rodent cell lines where morphological alteration is scored, to those in human cells growing in nude mice where tumor invasiveness is scored. In general, systems that are most quantitaive are also the least relevant in terms of human carcinogenesis and human risk estimation. The development of cell culture systems has made it possible to assess at the cellular level the oncogenic potential of a variety of chemical, physical and viral agents. Cell culture systems afford the opportunity to identify factors and conditions that may prevent or enhance cellular transformation by radiation and chemicals. Permissive and protective factors in radiation-induced transformation include thyroid hormone and the tumor promoter TPA that increase the transformation incidence for a given dose of radiation, and retinoids, selenium, vitamin E, and 5-aminobenzamide that ...

1990-08-01

33

Modulating factors in the expression of radiation-induced oncogenic transformation  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Many assays for oncogenic transformation have been developed ranging from those in established rodent cell lines where morphological alteration is scored, to those in human cells growing in nude mice where tumor invasiveness is scored. In general, systems that are most quantitaive are also the least relevant in terms of human carcinogenesis and human risk estimation. The development of cell culture systems has made it possible to assess at the cellular level the oncogenic potential of a variety of chemical, physical and viral agents. Cell culture systems afford the opportunity to identify factors and conditions that may prevent or enhance cellular transformation by radiation and chemicals. Permissive and protective factors in radiation-induced transformation include thyroid hormone and the tumor promoter TPA that increase the transformation incidence for a given dose of radiation, and retinoids, selenium, vitamin E, and 5-aminobenzamide that ...

1990-01-01

34

Lipid domain formation modulates activities of snake venom phospholipase A(2) enzymes.  

Science.gov (United States)

The goal of the present study is to elucidate the effect of lipid domain formation on activities of Naja naja atra and Bungarus multicinctus phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzymes. Sphingomyelin inhibited enzymatic activity and membrane-damaging activity of PLA(2) against egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC), while cholesterol and cholesterol sulfate abrogated the inhibitory effect of sphingomyelin. The ability of cholesterol and cholesterol sulfate to abolish the inhibitory effect of sphingomyelin was closely related to their capacity to induce domain formation in EYPC/sphingomyelin vesicles. Laurdan fluorescence measurement revealed that membrane packing of EYPC/sphingomyelin vesicles was differently affected by cholesterol and cholesterol sulfate. Unlike cholesterol, cholesterol sulfate was unable to promote domain formation in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) vesicles. Cholesterol increased but cholesterol sulfate reduced PLA(2) activity ...

2010-08-10

35

In vitro corrosion, cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility of bulk nanocrystalline pure iron  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bulk nanocrystalline pure iron rods were fabricated by the equal channel angular pressure (ECAP) technique up to eight passes. The microstructure and grain size distribution, natural immersion and electrochemical corrosion in simulated body fluid, cellular responses and hemocompatibility were investigated in this study. The results indicate that nanocrystalline pure iron after severe plastic deformation (SPD) would sustain durable span duration and exhibit much stronger corrosion resistance than that of the microcrystalline pure iron. The interaction of different cell lines reveals that the nanocrystalline pure iron stimulates better proliferation of fibroblast cells and preferable promotion of endothelialization, while inhibits effectively the viability of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The burst of red cells and adhesion of the platelets were also substantially suppressed on contact with the nanocrystalline pure iron in blood ...

2010-12-01

36

High pressure thermogravimetric analysis of the direct sulfation of Spanish calcium-based sorbents  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Under typical conditions found in Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC), the calcination reaction of limestones is thermodynamically inhibited, and the sorbent reacts with SO{sub 2} by a direct mechanism. Direct sulfation reactivity of different Spanish sorbents was studied by high-pressure thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the physical structure of the surface of the particles influence the sulfation behaviour of the sorbents. Total pore volume and pore surface area correlated well with the reactivity of the sorbents. Temperatures between 800 and 925{degree}C, and pressure between 12 and 25 bar, promoted an increase in reactivity, while the gas composition had no effect when changed from 15% CO{sub 2}, 3% O{sub 2}, 0.5% SO{sub 2}, balance N{sub 2} to 12% CO{sub 2}, 7% O{sub 2}, 0.5% SO{sub 2}, balance N{sub 2}. It was found that the unreacted shrinking core model could not satisfactorily describe the sulfation reaction under ...

1999-02-01

37

Control of adsorption by microwave irradiation; Maikuroha nado wo mochiita gas no kyuchaku datsuri seigyo  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Introduced herein is microwave irradiation for the adsorption and desorption of environmental pollutants. Microwaves may be used in two ways, other than through elevation of temperature of a system as a whole with the adsorbent such as activated carbon serving as the heating medium. The first is the application by which desorption is caused to take place of specified molecules. For example, zeolite that has adsorbed water is regenerated when it is irradiated with microwaves in a stream of cooling gas. This is because only the moisture is heated since zeolite is a non-carbon adsorbent that absorbs microwaves but a little. Another case is reported in which microwaves are utilized to desorb H2S, H2O, CO, etc., from molecular sieves. In the second application, coexisting materials different in absorptivity are exposed to irradiation. The adsorption of microwave-absorbent materials is inhibited while that of the others is accelerated. For example, the adsorption of ...

1997-01-25

38

Common colorectal cancer risk variants in SMAD7 are associated with survival among prediagnostic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug users: A population-based study of postmenopausal women  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SMAD7 (18q21) have been linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in genome-wide association studies, but little is known about their effects on survival. SMAD7 regulates gastrointestinal inflammation by inhibiting transforming growth factor- (TGFB), which can act as both a tumor suppressor and a promoter of metastasis. Regular use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitors, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), reduces the risk of developing CRC. Because COX2 overexpression reduces the growth suppressing effects of TGFB, we hypothesized that survival may depend on both SMAD7 genotype and prediagnostic NSAID use. Postmenopausal women, ages 50-74, diagnosed with incident invasive CRC from 1997 to 2002 were identified using t...

2011-01-01

39

Activation of fat cell adenylate cyclase by protein kinase C  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purified protein kinase C (C-kinase) from guinea pig pancreas and rat brain stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in purified rat adipocyte membranes. Cyclase stimulation occurred over 100 to 1000 mU/ml of C-kinase activity, required greater than 10 ..mu..M calcium, proceeded without a lag, was not readily reversible, and required no exogenous phospholipid. Moreover, C-kinase inhibitors, such as chlorpromazine and palmitoyl carnitine, inhibited selectively adenylate cyclase which was activated by C-kinase and calcium. Depending on assay conditions, 10 nM 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) either enhanced or was required for kinase action on cyclase. Also, TPA plus calcium promoted the quantitative association of C-kinase with membranes. Adenylate cyclase activation by C-kinase was seen both in the presence and absence of exogenous GTP, indicating that the kinase effect does not result from an action on the GTP-binding, inhibitory ...

1986-05-01

40

Antioxidative and Inhibition Activities on Helicobacter pylori of Spice Extracts  

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

2006-03-01

41

Role of organic acids in promoting colloidal transport of mercury from mine tailings  

CERN Document Server

Role of organic acids in promoting colloidal transport of mercury from mine tailings

2005-01-01

42

Turbidimetric determination of sulfite ion in inhibited ethylene glycol-water solutions  

Science.gov (United States)

Turbidimetric method for determining sulfite in inhibited ethylene glycol-water solutions

1970-01-01

43

On the cells of origin of radiogenic thyroid cancer: New studies based on an old idea  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have presented evidence that the functional thyroid follicles (follicular units, FU) which are formed in grafts of monodispersed rat thyroid cells, and hence the thyroid tumors which later develop in such grafts, are clonal in origin. Recent studies have been designed to investigate: whether cell number-dependent inhibition of promotion-progression is mediated by remote hormonal feed-back, local cell-cell interactions, or both; the cell population kinetics of the clonogen subpopulation during goitrogenesis and goiter involution; and the effect of prolonged exposure to high levels of TSH (thyrotropin) on the capacity of the clonogens to give rise to functional FU. The results indicate that local cell-cell interactions play an important role in the cell number-dependent suppression of neoplastic promotion-progression. They also show that if sufficient thyroid cells are grafted, the thyroid-pituitary axis can be ...

1990-01-01

44

Sequence features that drive human promoter function and tissue specificity  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Promoters are important regulatory elements that contain the necessary sequence features for cells to initiate transcription. To functionally characterize a large set of human promoters, we measured...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

45

Human Pol II promoter recognition based on primary sequences and free energy of dinucleotides  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundPromoter region plays an important role in determining where the transcription of a particular gene should be initiated. Computational prediction of eukaryotic Pol II promoter...Full Text Available

46

An outline of the Sunshine Project in 1982  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Sunshine Project of Japan was inaugurated in 1974. Since 1980 it has been promoting priority projects such as coal liquefaction. Japan is now promoting the basic and applied research that underpins this development and is increasing the efficiency of technical development. With regard to risk dispersion, the expansion of international cooperation such as the IEA is being promoted.

1982-01-01

47

Fundamental study of heat transfer augmentation of tube inside surface by cascade smooth surface-turbulence promoters  

Science.gov (United States)

Fundamental study of heat transfer augmentation of tube inside surface by cascade smooth surface-turbulence promoters

1987-03-01

48

The inhibition of the primary interaction between "1"2"5I-labeled human hemoglobin and rabbit anti-human hemoglobin sera: a sensitive radioimmunoassay technique  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... ammonium compounds antigen-antibody reactions hemoglobin inhibition

49

Methanogenic Inhibition by Arsenic Compounds  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The acute acetoclastic methanogenic inhibition of several inorganic and organic arsenicals was assayed. Trivalent species, i.e., methylarsonous acid and arsenite, were highly inhibitory, with 50% inhibitory...Full Text Available

2004-09-01

50

EFFECTS OF STERIt!ZI#C AGENTS ON HiCROOR6AIISI#S  

Science.gov (United States)

6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) inhibits the growth of. Escherichia coli B. Growth inhibition is ... reversed by subculture of the cells in 6-mercaptopurine- ...

51

Genes involved in immortalization of human mammary cells  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Breast cancer progression is characterized by inappropriate cell growth. Normal cells cease growth after a limited number of cell divisions--a process called cellular senescence-while tumor cells may acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely (immortality). Inappropriate expression of specific oncogenes in a key cellular signaling pathway (Ras, Raf) can promote tumorigenicity in immortal cells, while causing finite lifespan cells to undergo a rapid senescence-like arrest. We have studied when in the course of transformation of cultured human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC), the response to overexpressed oncogenic Raf changes from being tumor-suppressive to tumor enhancing, and what are the molecular underpinnings of this response. Our data indicate: (1) HMEC acquire the ability to maintain growth in the presence of oncogenic Raf not simply as a consequence of overcoming senescence, but as a result of a newly discovered step in the process of immortal ...

2001-09-27

52

Study of Heat Transfer Augmentation in a High-Temperature Field by a Radiation Promoter Generating a Secondary Flow  

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

1999-01-01

53

Promoter Structure Which Affects on the Expression of Yeast MGMT Gene  

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

1997-01-01

54

Parietal endoderm secreted S100A4 promotes early cardiomyogenesis in embryoid bodies  

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udgivelsesdato: 2006-May-5

2006-01-01

55

Measures for Promoting Japan's Ocean Reseach and Investigation  

Science.gov (United States)

... Examples are when carbon dioxide and volcanic ash emitted into the atmosphere by volcanic eruptions ...

56

High Throughput Screening on Angiogenesis Inhibitor and Promoter of Medicinal Plants using a Protein Microarray Chip  

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

2007-04-01

57

The Immunity-related GTPase Irgm3 Relieves Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response during Coxsackievirus B3 Infection via a PI3K/Akt Dependent Pathway.  

Science.gov (United States)

The IRG protein Irgm3 preserves cell survival during coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. However, the molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here, we examined the effect of Irgm3 expression on ER stress triggered by pharmacological agents or CVB3 infection. In Tet-On/Irgm3 HeLa cells, Irgm3 expression suppressed either chemical- or CVB3-induced upregulation of glucose-regulated protein78. Further, Irgm3 strongly inhibited the activation of both the PERK and ATF6 pathways of ER stress responses, which further led to the diminished phosphorylation of eIF2?, reduced cleavage/activation of transcription factor SREBP1 and attenuated induction of proapoptotic genes CHOP and GADD34. These data were further supported by experiments using Irgm3 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, in which the ER stress induced by CVB3 was not relieved due to the lack of Irgm3 expression. In addition, the tunicamycin-triggered ER stress promoted the subsequent CVB3 ...

2011-10-10

58

Some relationships between ultraviolet light and heme-protein-induced peroxidative lipid breakdown in liposomes, as reflected by fluorescence changes: the effect of negative surface charge  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The water soluble, photolabile nitrene precursor, azidonaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid (ANDS) was encapsulated in small unilamellar, isoelectric (egg PC) or negatively charged (egg PC + dihexadecylphosphate) liposomes. The individual and combined effects of heme-proteins and UV irradiation on the fluorescence of these vesicles under aerobic conditions were studied. Consistent with the catalytic action of heme-proteins on lipid peroxidation and peroxide decomposition, addition of cytochrome c (positively charged) or catalase (negatively charged) to the vesicles elicited immediate formation of a fluorescence band at 470 nm, characteristic of Schiff bases that form from aldehyde byproducts of decomposing hydroperoxides. Ultraviolet irradiation of liposomes caused no significant changes in the fluorescence spectrum, in spite of the radiolysis of ANDS inside the vesicles with consequent formation of nitrene radicals. When isoelectric vesicles were irradiated with UV light in the presence of ...

59

Dissociation of insulin receptor phosphorylation and stimulation of glucose transport in BC3H-1 myocytes  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors have investigated insulin receptor phosphorylation in differentiated cultured BC3H-1 myocytes. As for other insulin-responsive cell systems in partially purified wheat germ agglutinin receptor preparations, insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of its own receptor (95K ..beta..-subunits) in a dose dependent manner (0-400 nM), as identified by immunoprecipitation with antiinsulin receptor antibodies and SDS-PAGE. In the same preparations they show that 12-0-tetradecanyl phorbol acetate (TPA), which in many respect ..beta..-subunits in the same dose dependent manner (0-5 ..mu..M). In addition, antiinsulin receptor antibodies (B-10) also induced phosphorylation of mimics insulin action, also induced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and HPLC tryptic maps of the /sup 32/P-labeled ..beta..-subunit were identical to those for insulin-induced receptor phosphorylation. However, while insulin and TPA are potent stimulators of glucose transport in these muscle cells, the ...

1986-05-01

60

Apoptotic pathways as regulators of recombination  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death (PCD), is a fundamental process that protects organismal integrity. In earlier work, we demonstrated that over-expression of either of two anti-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 family (BCL-2 or BCL-X L could elevate the frequency of radiation-induced mutations at the autosomal TK1 locus in human TK6 lymphoblasts that express wild-type TP53. Ectopic expression of BCL-X L also elevated the frequencies of double-strand break-induced gene conversion. The purpose of this study is to determine if BCL-2 family proteins promote radiation mutagenesis indirectly through their suppression of PCD, or whether the 'pro-mutagenic' function of these proteins can be separated from their anti-apoptotic function. We developed stable transfectants of TK6 cells that express a mutated form of BCL-X L with a single amino acid substitution in the BH1 domain that is known to interfere with the ability to suppress PCD (BCL-X L gly159ala). We also developed ...

2003-08-17

61

ATRX ADD domain links an atypical histone methylation recognition mechanism to human mental-retardation syndrome  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

ATR-X (alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked) syndrome is a human congenital disorder that causes severe intellectual disabilities. Mutations in the ATRX gene, which encodes an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeler, are responsible for the syndrome. Approximately 50% of the missense mutations in affected persons are clustered in a cysteine-rich domain termed ADD (ATRX-DNMT3-DNMT3L, ADD{sub ATRX}), whose function has remained elusive. Here we identify ADD{sub ATRX} as a previously unknown histone H3-binding module, whose binding is promoted by lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) but inhibited by lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). The cocrystal structure of ADD{sub ATRX} bound to H3{sub 1-15}K9me3 peptide reveals an atypical composite H3K9me3-binding pocket, which is distinct from the conventional trimethyllysine-binding aromatic cage. Notably, H3K9me3-pocket mutants and ATR-X syndrome mutants are defective in both H3K9me3 binding and ...

2011-07-19

62

Characterization of the mannan synthase promoter from guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Guar seed gum, consisting primarily of a high molecular weight galactomannan, is the most cost effective natural thickener, having broad applications in the food, cosmetics, paper, pharmaceutical and petroleum industries. The properties of the polymer can potentially be enhanced by genetic modification. Development of suitable endosperm-specific promoters for use in guar is desirable for metabolic engineering of the seed gum. A ~1.6?kb guar mannan synthase (MS) promoter region has been isolated. The MS promoter sequence was fused with the GUS reporter gene and overexpressed in the heterologous species alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The potential strength and specificity of the MS promoter was compared with those of the constitutive 35S promoter and the seed specific ?-phaseolin promoter. Quant...

2011-01-01

63

Spices Mycobiota and Mycotoxins Available in Saudi Arabia and Their Abilities to Inhibit Growth of Some Toxigenic Fungi  

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

2007-06-01

64

Specific Btk inhibition suppresses B cell? and myeloid cell?mediated arthritis  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abstract not provided

2011-08-29

65

SIMPLE METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY INHIBITING FUNCTION OF MULTIPLE GENE IN NEMATODE  

J-STORE (Japan)

Full Text Available

2009-10-09

66

Naltrexone Inhibits Catecholamine Secretion Evoked by Nicotinic Receptor Stimulation in the Perfused Rat Adrenal Medulla  

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

2005-08-01

67

LACTIC BACTERIUM HAVING AGING-INHIBITING ACTIVITY AND APPLICATION THEREOF  

J-STORE (Japan)

Full Text Available

2007-04-20

68

Growth Inhibition of Sclerotium Cepivorum Causing Allium White Rot by Serratia plymuthica Producing Chitinase  

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

2003-02-01

69

Growth Inhibition of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Juice on the Microorganisms  

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

1998-02-01

70

Effect of Chitosan Solution on the Inhibition of Pseudomonas fluorescens Causing Bacterial Head Rot of Broccoli  

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

2010-06-01

71

Mechanism of iron inhibition by stearic acid Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many organic compounds can be adsorbed onto the interface of a metal and solution to form a thin film that inhibits the corrosion process according to a blocking and/or negative catalytic effect. Using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, stearic acid (SA) monolayers were deposited onto the surface of an iron (Fe) electrode to study the inhibition effect and the mechanism of SA in a neutral medium. Molecular orientation and the number of deposited monolayers of SA were shown to have marked effects on inhibition of Fe corrosion. The inhibition mechanism depended mainly on blocking.

1995-01-01

72

Acid corrosion inhibition of copper by mangrove tannin  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the corrosion inhibition potential of mangrove (Rhizopora apiculata) tannin in hydrochloric acid medium on copper with the view of developing a natural corrosion inhibitor. Design/methodology/approach - The mangrove tannin was extracted from the mangrove bark and its anticorrosion potential was studied by weight loss, electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Findings - It has been found that the mangrove tannin effectively inhibits the corrosion on copper metal in hydrochloric acid solution. The results of the electrochemical and weight loss methods showed that the inhibition efficiency of mangrove tannin increases with increasing its concentration. Inhibition is achieved through the adsorption of tannin molecules o...

2011-01-01

73

The region encompassing the procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) gene promoter plays a role in plasmid DNA replication in Trypanosoma brucei.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We have previously reported the construction and characterization of an autonomously replicating plasmid in Trypanosoma brucei. In this plasmid the procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) gene promoter...Full Text Available

1994-10-11

74

The adenovirus-2 EIIa early gene promoter: sequences required for efficient in vitro and in vivo transcription.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A series of deletion mutants extending from -250 toward the capsite has been constructed in the early promoter region of the adenovirus 2 EIIa gene and tested both in vitro, and in vivo after transfection...Full Text Available

1983-10-25

75

TFIIH Operates through an Expanded Proximal Promoter To Fine-Tune c-myc Expression  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A continuous stream of activating and repressing signals is processed by the transcription complex paused at the promoter of the c-myc proto-oncogene. The general transcription factor...Full Text Available

2005-01-01

76

On the spontaneous stochastic dynamics of a single gene: complexity of the molecular interplay at the promoter  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundGene promoters can be in various epigenetic states and undergo interactions with many molecules in a highly transient, probabilistic and combinatorial way, resulting in...Full Text Available

77

Informal Training in Staff Networks to Support Dissemination of Health Promotion Programs  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

PurposeTo study informal skill transfer via staff networks as a complement to formal training among afterschool childcare providers implementing a health promotion...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

78

Adding effect sizes to a systematic review on interventions for promoting physical activity among European teenagers  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This commentary adds effect sizes to the recently published systematic review by De Meester and colleagues and provides a more detailed insight into the effectiveness of interventions to promote physical...Full Text Available

79

A participatory parent-focused intervention promoting physical activity in preschools: design of a cluster-randomized trial  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundWith rates of childhood obesity increasing, physical activity (PA) promotion especially in young children has assumed greater importance. Given the limited effectiveness...Full Text Available

80

A multistep bioinformatic approach detects putative regulatory elements in gene promoters  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundSearching for approximate patterns in large promoter sequences frequently produces an exceedingly high numbers of results. Our aim was to exploit biological knowledge for...Full Text Available

81

A church-based intervention to promote informed decision-making for prostate cancer screening among African-American men  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectivesThis feasibility study developed and pilot tested an intervention to: (1) increase knowledge about prostate cancer (CaP) screening; and (2) promote self-efficacy...Full Text Available

2010-03-01

82

The Dynamical Mechanism of Auto-Inhibition of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We use a novel normal mode analysis of an elastic network model drawn from configurations generated during microsecond all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the mechanism of auto-inhibition...Full Text Available

2011-07-01

83

Reduced dopamine function within the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens enhances latent inhibition  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Latent inhibition (LI) manifests as poorer conditioning to a CS that has previously been presented without consequence. There is some evidence that LI can be potentiated by reduced mesoaccumbal dopamine...Full Text Available

2011-03-01

84

Protection against chemical-induced lung injury by inhibition of pulmonary cytochrome P-450.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Protection afforded by trialkyl phosphorothionates against the lung injury caused by trialkyl phosphorothiolates probably results from the inhibition by the P = S moiety of the thionates, of one or...Full Text Available

1990-04-01

85

Mycophenolic acid inhibits activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rodent fibroblasts  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive drug that acts as a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). MMF has recently been shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity...Full Text Available

2003-05-01

86

MicroRNAs and small interfering RNAs can inhibit mRNA expression by similar mechanisms  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously encoded small noncoding RNAs, derived by processing of short RNA hairpins, that can inhibit the translation of mRNAs bearing partially complementary target sequences....Full Text Available

2003-08-19

87

Method for inhibiting fouling of petrochemical processing equipment  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Method for inhibiting the formation of foulants on petrochemical equipment which involves adding to the petrochemical, during processing, a composition comprising a thiodipropionate and either a dialkyl acid phosphate ester or a dialkyl acid phosphite ester.

1980-10-07

88

Inhibition of lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis by 3-deazaadenosine: Evidence for a methylation reaction essential to cytolysis  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

3-Deazaadenosine (deazaAdo) inhibits lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis in vitro at micromolar concentrations and is potentiated markedly in this activity by L-homocysteine thiolactone....Full Text Available

1978-12-01

89

Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase A induces oxidative stress and inhibits tumor progression  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

As the result of genetic alterations and tumor hypoxia, many cancer cells avidly take up glucose and generate lactate through lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which is encoded by a target gene of c-Myc...Full Text Available

2010-02-02

90

Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis by Mechanically Loaded Osteocytes: Involvement of MEPE  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In regions of high bone loading, the mechanoresponsive osteocytes inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption by producing signaling molecules. One possible candidate is matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein...Full Text Available

2010-11-01

91

Inhibited spontaneous emission by a Rydberg atom  

Science.gov (United States)

Spontaneous radiation by an atom in a Rydberg state is inhibited by use of parallel conducting planes to eliminate the vacuum modes at the transition frequency. Spontaneous radiation emission is observed to turn off abruptly at the cutoff frequency of the waveguidelike structure, and the natural lifetime is measured to increase by a factor of at least 20.

1985-11-11

92

Gynura procumbens Merr. decreases blood pressure in rats by vasodilatation via inhibition of calcium channels  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

INTRODUCTION:Gynura procumbens has been shown to decrease blood pressure via inhibition of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme. However, other mechanisms that...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

93

Further Studies of the Ability of Xyloglucan Oligosaccharides to Inhibit Auxin-Stimulated Growth 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The structural features required for xyloglucan oligosaccharides to inhibit 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-stimulated elongation of pea stem segments have been investigated. A nonasaccharide (XG9)...Full Text Available

1992-05-01

94

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits the migratory behavior of tumor bronchial epithelial cells  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundMany studies associated the main polyphenolic constituent of green tea, (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), with inhibition of cancers, invasion and metastasis. To date,...Full Text Available

2008-01-01

95

Effect of Inhibition of Acetoclastic Methanogenesis on Growth of Archaeal Populations in an Anoxic Model Environment  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Methyl fluoride is frequently used to specifically inhibit acetoclastic methanogenesis, thus allowing determination of the relative contribution of acetate versus H2/CO2 to total...Full Text Available

2006-01-01

96

Complement-inhibiting and anti-inflammatory properties of chlorazole fast pink 2BL.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Chlorazole fast pink 2BL inhibited the classical complement pathway in rat serum both in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro potency of chlorazole fast pink against the alternative pathway could not be...Full Text Available

1981-02-01

97

Clinical outcomes and management of mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is characterized by NADPH-, time-, and concentration-dependent enzyme inactivation, occurring when some drugs are converted by CYPs to reactive...Full Text Available

2005-03-01

98

Cangrelor increases the magnitude of platelet inhibition and reduces interindividual variability in clopidogrel-pretreated subjects  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundInadequate platelet inhibition despite aspirin and clopidogrel therapy during and after a percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with an impaired clinical outcome....Full Text Available

2009-05-01

99

Antiviral Inhibition of Enveloped Virus Release by Tetherin/BST-2: Action and Counteraction  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Tetherin (BST2/CD317) has been recently recognized as a potent interferon-induced antiviral molecule that inhibits the release of diverse mammalian enveloped virus particles from infected cells. By...Full Text Available

100

Abscisic Acid Inhibition of Radicle Emergence But Not Seedling Growth Is Suppressed by Sugars1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Low concentrations of sugars altered the sensitivity of seed germination to inhibition by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). Germination of wild-type and ABA-insensitive (abi) Arabidopsis...Full Text Available

2000-04-01

101

The Mission, Organization, and Functions of US Army Rear ...  

Science.gov (United States)

... counseling, some training, and assure the general health and welfare of the command. ... publications, promotions, OERs/NCOER's (Officer Efficiency ...

1992-06-07

102

Effects of an Educational Program about Reproductive Health Promotion on Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes of University Students from Korea  

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

2010-08-01

103

Army Symposium: 'Leadership Challenges of the 21st Century ...  

Science.gov (United States)

... or the Noncommissioned Officer Efficiency Report (NCOER) for promotion ... Providing effective coaching, delegating, counseling, and role modeling ...

1996-05-01

104

Ammoxidation of methanol to produce hydrogen cyanide  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Promoted antimony phosphate oxide complexes are excellent catalysts for the ammoxidation of methanol to HCN especially at high methanol throughputs.

1985-04-16

105

In vitro evaluation of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase reporter system in dynamic studies of transcriptional gene regulation  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) reporter system is being used to directly and indirectly monitor therapeutic gene expression, immune cell trafficking and protein-protein interactions in various living animals. However, the issues of HSV1-TK enzyme stability in living cells and whether this reporter system is optimal for dynamic studies of gene expression events in genetic imaging have not be addressed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the application of this reporter system in dynamic studies of transcriptional gene regulation. To achieve this purpose, we established two tetracycline-inducible murine sarcoma cell lines, tetracycline-turn-off HSV1-tk-expressing cell line (NG4TL4/tet-off-HSV1-tk) and tetracycline-turn-off Luc-expressing cell line (NG4TL4/tet-off-Luc), to create an artificially regulated gene expression model in vitro. The dynamic transcriptional events mediating a series of doxycycline (Dox) inductions were monitored by HSV1-TK ...

2006-07-15

106

Triptolide-induced suppression of phospholipase D expression inhibits proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.  

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

2009-09-01

107

The Inhibition of Epileptogenesis During Status Epilepticus by Ginsenosides of Korean Red Ginseng and Ginseng Cell Culture (Dan25)  

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

2007-09-01

108

Partial inhibition of in vitro pollen germination by simulated solar ultraviolet-B radiation  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pollen from four temperate-latitude taxa were treated with UV radiation in a portion of the UV-B (280-320 nm) waveband during in vitro germination. Inhibition of germination was noted in this pollen compared to samples treated identically except for the exclusion of the UV-B portion of the spectrum. Levels similar to maximum solar UV-B found in temperate-latitude areas failed to inhibit pollen germination significantly, while levels similar to maximum solar UV-B found in equatorial alpine locations caused partial inhibition of germination in three of the four taxa examined.

1984-01-01

109

Inhibition of melanoma growth by subcutaneous administration of hTERTC27 viral cocktail in C57BL/6 mice.  

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:20856939

2010-09-13

110

Electrochemical behavior of nickel in nitric acid and its corrosion inhibition using some thiosemicarbazone derivatives  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The adsorption and corrosion inhibition behavior of three selected thiosemicarbazone derivatives, namely 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (META), isonicotinaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (PARA) and 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (ORTHO) at the nickel surface were studied electrochemically by Tafel and impedance methods and computationally by carrying out Monte Carlo searches of configurational space on nickel/thiosemicarbazone derivative system. Electrochemical measurements showed that the inhibition efficiency of these compounds increased with increase in their concentration. The recorded inhibition efficiencies of the three tested thiosemicarbazone increase in the order: META>PARA>ORTHO. Polarization studies showed that these compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors for n...

2010-01-01

111

Difference in the effects produced by non-radioactive and radioactive calcium  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... aluminum calcium calcium 45 cations citric acid corrosion inhibition radiation

112

Stainless steel acid corrosion inhibition by organic dyes  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Azobenzene dyes are effective inhibitors for austenitic 304 L and 316 L stainless steel corrosion in high acidic medium up to 7N. A good efficiency is obtained from weight loss and electrochemical Rsub(p) measurements in hydrochloric acid, while no inhibition is observed in sulfuric solutions. Transformation from the primarily azobenzene to other compounds give rise to enhanced protection of steel samples, and probable structures of the inhibiting species are proposed in view of our results.

1983-10-01

113

Stainless steel acid corrosion inhibition by organic dyes  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Azobenzene dyes are effective inhibitors for austenitic 304 L and 316 L stainless steel corrosion in high acidic medium up to 7N. A good efficiency is obtained from weight loss and electrochemical Rsub(p) measurements in hydrochloric acid, while no inhibition is observed in sulfuric solutions. Transformation from the primarily azobenzene to other compounds give rise to enhanced protection of steel samples, and probable structures of the inhibiting species are proposed in view of our results.

114

Enhanced carbon dioxide removal by promoted hot potassium carbonate in a split-flow absorber  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work, a comprehensive model has been developed for the absorption of carbon dioxide into promoted hot potassium carbonate solution. The model, which is based on penetration theory, incorporates an extensive set of important reactions and takes into account the coupling between mass transfer and chemical kinetics. The penetration theory provides an appropriate absorption rate and enhancement factor for the chemical absorption. Operating data for carbon dioxide absorption into DEA-hot potassium carbonate solution has been compared with model predictions. The impact of parameters such inlet temperature of lean solution, promoter concentration, liquid split fraction, hot feed location and type of promoter on the performance of a split-flow absorber have been examined. The use of other promoters is an efficient way to enhance the carbon dioxide absorption, which has been discussed in this paper.

2004-07-01

115

Generation of human cortical neurons from a new immortal fetal neural stem cell line  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isolation and expansion of neural stem cells (NSCs) of human origin are crucial for successful development of cell therapy approaches in neurodegenerative diseases. Different epigenetic and genetic immortalization strategies have been established for long-term maintenance and expansion of these cells in vitro. Here we report the generation of a new, clonal NSC (hc-NSC) line, derived from human fetal cortical tissue, based on v-myc immortalization. Using immunocytochemistry, we show that these cells retain the characteristics of NSCs after more than 50 passages. Under proliferation conditions, when supplemented with epidermal and basic fibroblast growth factors, the hc-NSCs expressed neural stem/progenitor cell markers like nestin, vimentin and Sox2. When growth factors were withdrawn, proliferation and expression of v-myc and telomerase were dramatically reduced, and the hc-NSCs differentiated into glia and neurons (mostly glutamatergic and GABAergic, as well as ...

2007-02-01

116

The inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma from animal cells by intercalating drugs.  

Science.gov (United States)

DNA polymerase gamma from purified nuclei of EMT-6 cells (mice) seems to be identical to the mitochondrial DNA polymerase from the same source following several criteria. These two enzyme activities are strongly inhibited by ethidium bromide and acriflavin, while proflavin, acridine orange, daunomycin and chloroquine inhibition is less pronounced. In the case of DNA polymerases alpha and beta very little inhibition by ethidium bromide was observed. Intercalation of this dye in a poly dA-dT 12-18 template-primer was studied spectrophotometrically under conditions similar to those in the in vitro DNA polymerase assay. The polymerase assay. The inhibition by this drug of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma activity was shown to be competitive at varying concentrations of TTP while the inhibition was of the non-competitive type at different concentrations of poly dA-dT 12-18. We ...

1978-06-01

117

Inhibition of calmodulin - regulated calcium pump activity in rat brain by toxaphene  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In vivo effects of toxaphene on calcium pump activity in rat brain synaptosomes was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with toxaphene at 0,25,50, and 100 mg/kg/day for 3 days and sacrificed 24 h after last dose. Ca/sup 2 +/-ATPase activity and /sup 45/Ca uptake were determined in brain P/sub 2/ fraction. Toxaphene inhibited both Ca/sup 2 +/-ATPase activity and /sup 45/Ca/sup 2 +/ uptake and the inhibition was dose dependent. Both substrate and Ca/sup 2 +/ activation kinetics of Ca/sup 2 +/-ATPase indicated non-competitive type of inhibition as evidenced by decreased catalytic velocity but not enzyme-substrate affinity. The inhibited Ca/sup 2 +/-ATPase activity and Ca/sup 2 +/ uptake were restored to normal level by exogenously added calmodulin which increased both velocity and affinity. The inhibition of Ca/sup 2 +/-ATPase activity and Ca/sup 2 +/ uptake and restoration by ...

1986-03-05

118

Inhibition of calmodulin - regulated calcium pump activity in rat brain by toxaphene  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In vivo effects of toxaphene on calcium pump activity in rat brain synaptosomes was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with toxaphene at 0,25,50, and 100 mg/kg/day for 3 days and sacrificed 24 h after last dose. Ca"2"+-ATPase activity and "4"5Ca uptake were determined in brain P_2 fraction. Toxaphene inhibited both Ca"2"+-ATPase activity and "4"5Ca"2"+ uptake and the inhibition was dose dependent. Both substrate and Ca"2"+ activation kinetics of Ca"2"+-ATPase indicated non-competitive type of inhibition as evidenced by decreased catalytic velocity but not enzyme-substrate affinity. The inhibited Ca"2"+-ATPase activity and Ca"2"+ uptake were restored to normal level by exogenously added calmodulin which increased both velocity and affinity. The inhibition of Ca"2"+-ATPase activity and Ca"2"+ uptake and restoration by calmodulin suggests that toxaphene may impair active ...

1986-04-13

119

Nonlinear dynamics of heat transfer enhancement using eddy promoters  

Science.gov (United States)

This investigation concerns the nonlinear dynamics of heat transfer from a surface using an upstream eddy promoter. A numerical model is developed for the coupled fluid flow and heat transfer process based on a modified MacCormack scheme. Numerical simulations are carried out to determine the response and heat transfer enhancement due to the promoter. The average heat transfer from a cavity floor is seen to be increased by a factor of approximately five over the unpromoted'' flow. Another interesting feature of the study is the nonlinear viscous flow dynamics from the cylinder-wall interaction which differ significantly from the familiar cylinder-free stream patterns.

1994-02-01

120

Nonlinear dynamics of heat transfer enhancement using eddy promoters  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This investigation concerns the nonlinear dynamics of heat transfer from a surface using an upstream eddy promoter. A numerical model is developed for the coupled fluid flow and heat transfer process based on a modified MacCormack scheme. Numerical simulations are carried out to determine the response and heat transfer enhancement due to the promoter. The average heat transfer from a cavity floor is seen to be increased by a factor of approximately five over the unpromoted'' flow. Another interesting feature of the study is the nonlinear viscous flow dynamics from the cylinder-wall interaction which differ significantly from the familiar cylinder-free stream patterns.

1994-02-01

121

The use of water-soluble hydrazones as inhibitors for the corrosion of C-steel in acidic medium  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inhibition efficiency of some water-soluble hydrazones for C-steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid has been tested by weight loss, polarisation measurements and open circuit technique. The inhibition effect was attributed to the adsorption of the additives on the C-steel surface as supported by adsorption measurements at Pt electrode using cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical measurements indicated that all the additives behave as cathodic-type inhibitors. The data obtained fit well to both the Temkin adsorption isotherm and the kinetic-thermodynamic model. The inhibition behaviour and its order were explained with the help of the proposed skeletal representation.

2007-09-15

122

Botulinum toxin—Beyond wrinkles  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Botulinum neurotoxin is produced by the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum. The neurotoxin inhibits acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thus interfering with overall muscular contraction. Botulinum neurotoxin is commonly used for the following medical conditions: cervical dystonia, upper limb spasticity, blepharospasm, strabismus, and hyperhydrosis. However, the use of botulinum neurotoxin was recently approved for the prophylaxis of headaches in adults with chronic migraines. The proposed mechanism of botulinum neurotoxin is no longer solely limited to the inhibition of acetylcholine. There are new mechanisms emerging that involve inhibition of proinflammatory agents and neuropeptides involved in chronic pain. Consequently, there is a disruption of the overall sensory feedback loop...

2011-01-01

123

Transhumanism, medical technology and slippery slopes  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In this article, transhumanism is considered to be a quasi‐medical ideology that seeks to promote a variety of therapeutic and human‐enhancing aims. Moderate conceptions are distinguished...Full Text Available

2006-09-01

124

The Growth Cone Cytoskeleton in Axon Outgrowth and Guidance  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Axon outgrowth and guidance to the proper target requires the coordination of filamentous (F)-actin and microtubules (MTs), the dynamic cytoskeletal polymers that promote shape change and locomotion....Full Text Available

125

The CMV early enhancer/chicken beta actin (CAG) promoter can be used to drive transgene expression during the differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells into vascular progenitors.  

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udgivelsesdato: 2008-null

2008-01-01

126

Site-Specific Methylation of the Promoter Alters Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Protein Interactions and Prevents ...  

Science.gov (United States)

... and R. L. Momparler. DNA methylation of retinoic acid receptor beta in breast cancer and possible therapeutic role of ... ...

127

Recent Reviews in Carcinogenesis 1981.  

Science.gov (United States)

Recent Reviews in Carcinogenesis is a service of the International Cancer Research Data Bank (ICRDB) Program of the National Cancer Institute, intended to facilitate and promote the exchange of information between cancer scientists. It contains abstracts ...

1982-01-01

128

Promoting medical tourism to India: Messages, images, and the marketing of international patient travel  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The practice of medical tourism depends on successfully informing potential patients about procedure options, treatment facilities, tourism opportunities, travel arrangements, and destination countries. The promotion of medical tourism includes a wide range of marketing materials such as flyers, booklets, and websites. Yet, there is a paucity of knowledge about the dissemination, content, and reception of these promotional materials. Drawing on a thematic content analysis of the promotional print material distributed at the first medical tourism trade show in Canada in 2009, the main purpose of this article is to identify and understand the messages and images that companies use to market India as a global destination. While researchers and news media frequently cite low cost procedures as...

2011-01-01

129

Picornavirus Subversion of the Autophagy Pathway  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

While autophagy has been shown to act as an anti-viral defense, the Picornaviridae avoid and, in many cases, subvert this pathway to promote their own replication. Evidence indicates...Full Text Available

130

Heat shock proteins as emerging therapeutic targets  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Chaperones (stress proteins) are essential proteins to help the formation and maintenance of the proper conformation of other proteins and to promote cell survival after a large variety of environmental...Full Text Available

2005-11-01

131

Growth promotion and induction of resistance in tomato plant against Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and Alternaria solani by Trichoderma spp.  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In tomato crop, the induction of resistance emerges as an important alternative for achieving the reduction of chemicals in disease control. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of 28 Trichoderma isolates to promote the growth of tomato seedlings and to induce systemic resistance (ISR) against Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and Alternaria solani, the causal agents of bacterial spot and early blight, respectively. Twelve isolates promoted the increase of plant dry matter mass (DMM) above 100%, showing the great potential of these strains. All isolates were able to colonize the root system of tomato plants. The plant growth-promoting isolates were further evaluated for potential elicitation of ISR. Treatment of the soil with all Trichoderma isolates provided protection in tomato plants from 2...

2011-01-01

132

Global warming and amphibian losses (PDF, 2 pp., 437.59 KB)  

Science.gov (United States)

Is global warming contributing to amphibian declines and extinctions by promoting outbreaks of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis? Analyzing patterns ... ...

133

Dysregulation of the mevalonate pathway promotes transformation  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The importance of cancer metabolism has been appreciated for many years, but the intricacies of how metabolic pathways interconnect with oncogenic signaling are not fully understood. With a clear understanding...Full Text Available

2010-08-24

134

Double promotion of palladium/silica catalysts by iron and magnesium oxide in the synthesis of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The structure and catalytic properties of 2 wt.-% Pd/SiO/sub 2/ catalysts promoted with 2 wt.-% MgO and 0.2-5 wt.-% iron have been investigated. Catalysts were characterized by TPR, hydrogen chemisorption, and Moessbauer spectroscopy and their catalytic performance in methanol formation was also measured. At 16 at.-% iron a sharp maximum was observed in the activity which can be interpreted as being due to simultaneous promotion with iron and MgO. Independent mechanisms of promotion were found for the two modifiers: iron influenced the metallic component by forming bimetallic PdFe particles while MgO changed the properties of silica in a favourable way. 6 figs., 29 refs., 1 tab.

1988-12-01

135

DefenseLINK News: Brig Gen's for promotion to the grade of ...  

Science.gov (United States)

... Ground, Maryland 21005 Brigadier General Edwin P. Smith Assistant Division Commander 82nd Airborne Division Fort Bragg, North Carolina ...

136

Current Projects - Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging ...  

Science.gov (United States)

diet and genetic obesity metabolic defects and inflammation. To determine the role of adipocyte death in promoting adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in animal...

2011-08-31

137

A methodological review of resilience measurement scales  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe evaluation of interventions and policies designed to promote resilience, and research to understand the determinants and associations, require reliable and valid measures...Full Text Available

138

A $G_{4}$ Sequence within PHR1 Promoter Acts as a Gate for Cross-Talks between Damage-Signaling Pathway and Multi-Stress Response  

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

2002-09-01

139

Unraveling mechanisms of homeostatic synaptic plasticity  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

SUMMARYHomeostatic synaptic plasticity is a negative feedback mechanism neurons use to offset excessive excitation or inhibition by adjusting their synaptic strengths. Recent...Full Text Available

2010-05-13

140

The interaction of trazodone with rat brain muscarinic cholinoceptors.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The muscarinic receptor binding of trazodone, a new nontricyclic antidepressant, was compared with established tricyclic antidepressants. The ability to inhibit the binding of [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate...Full Text Available

1980-01-01

141

Synergistic effect of iodide ion and polyacrylic acid on corrosion inhibition of iron in H2SO4 investigated by electrochemical techniques  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Corrosion inhibition of iron in H2SO4 by polyacrylic acid (PAA) was investigated using electrochemical techniques at 30degreeC. Results obtained indicate that PAA inhibited the corrosion of iron in the acid medium. Inhibition efficiency increases with increase in PAA concentration and synergistically enhanced on addition of iodide ions. Potentiodynamic polarization results suggest that PAA functions as a modest cathodic inhibitor. The adsorption of PAA onto the iron surface followed Temkin adsorption isotherm. FTIR analysis revealed that the synergistic effect due to co-adsorption of iodide ions and PAA is co-operative in nature.

2010-01-01

142

Standard of mineralocorticoid secretion in the Cushing Syndrome: evidences of inhibition of the aldosterone path synthesis in the glomerulus zone  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Portuguese 1984. p. 146. Brazil Czepielewski, MA Kater, CE Biglieri, EG Escola

1984-10-27

143

Regulatory T cells in human disease and their potential for therapeutic manipulation  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Regulatory T cells are proposed to play a central role in the maintenance of immunological tolerance in the periphery, and studies in many animal models demonstrate their capacity to inhibit inflammatory...Full Text Available

2006-05-01

144

Quercetin-induced downregulation of phospholipase D1 inhibits proliferation and invasion in U87 glioma cells  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Phospholipase D (PLD) has been recognized as a regulator of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, but little is known about the molecules regulating PLD expression. Thus, the identification of small molecules inhibiting PLD expression would be an important advance in PLD-mediated physiology. Quercetin, a ubiquitous bioactive flavonoid, is known to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. In the present study, we examined the effect of quercetin on the expression of PLD in U87 glioma cells. Quercetin significantly suppressed the expression of PLD1 at the transcriptional level. Moreover, quercetin abolished the protein expression of PLD1 in a time and dose-dependent manner, as well as inhibited PLD activity. Quercetin suppressed NFkB-induced PLD1 expression vi...

2011-01-01

145

Plasminogen Binding and Activation at the Surface of Helicobacter pylori CCUG 17874  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The binding of iodine-labelled plasminogen to Helicobacter pylori CCUG 17874 was characterized. Inhibition of the binding was observed after preincubation of H. pylori...Full Text Available

1998-10-01

146

Mathematical analysis of inhibition effect of natural products in labelling of blood elements: preliminary studies; Analise matematica do efeito de produtos naturais na marcacao de elementos sanguineos: estudos preliminares  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

1998-07-01

147

Inhibition of Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis by Nalidixic Acid in Escherichia coli  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The effect of low concentrations of nalidixic acid on ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis in Escherichia coli was examined. It was observed that RNA synthesis in exponentially growing...Full Text Available

1974-10-01

148

Influence of self-doped poly(aniline-co-4-amino-3-hydroxy-naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid) on corrosion inhibition behaviour of iron in acidic medium  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper presents the corrosion inhibition performance of soluble self-doped copolymers of aniline and 4-amino-3-hydroxy-naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization method. The corrosion inhibition behaviour of the copolymers in 1.0M HCl has been evaluated using Tafel Extrapolation method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) which was also used to propose the mechanism besides surface morphology. The results showed that the copolymer film exhibited the significant shifting in the corrosion potential and greater charge transfer resistance. The corrosion inhibition efficiency was found to increase from 50% to 90% by increasing the concentration of copolymer from 10 to 70mg/l in HCl medium. Moreover, the copolymer showed the larger degree of surf...

2011-01-01

149

FLUOROMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF OXIDATIVE BURST IN LOBSTER HEMOCYTES AND INHIBITING EFFECT OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND ...  

Science.gov (United States)

... Hunter. 2003. The resistance to ammonia stress of Penaeus monodon Fabricius juveniles fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin. J. Exp. ... ...

150

Enzymatic and pharmacological activities of Micrurus (coral) snake venoms. I-neurotoxicity and inhibition of 3H-L-glutamate uptake induced by M. lemniscatus carvalhoi venom  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

2004-07-01

151

Effect of different nitroheterocyclic compounds on aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic bacteria.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The antibacterial activities of different nitroheterocyclic compounds were assessed by an agar dilution method against aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic bacteria. Nitronaphthofurans inhibited...Full Text Available

1986-11-01

152

DNA synthesis inhibition in mammalian cells as a test for mutagenic carcinogens  

Science.gov (United States)

Current models of DNA repair of biological damage are reviewed correlating the similarity between carcinogenesis and mutagenesis theories. (PCS)

1979-01-01

153

Analysis of Mammalian Carboxylesterase Inhibition by Trifluoromethylketone-Containing Compounds  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Carboxylesterases (CE) are ubiquitous enzymes that hydrolyze numerous ester-containing xenobiotics, including complex molecules, such as the anticancer drugs irinotecan (CPT-11) and capecitabine...Full Text Available

2007-03-01

154

Transcription from the SV40 early-early and late-early overlapping promoters in the absence of DNA replication.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Transcription for a hybrid SV40 promoter-beta globin coding sequence recombinant initiates from both early-early (EE) and late-early (LE) SV40 start sites (EES and LES) in the absence of DNA replication....Full Text Available

1983-01-01

155

Renewable energy perspectives  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This short article describes the strategies taken into consideration by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy for the promotion of renewable forms of energy in Switzerland. Two basic models are considered and the parts to be played by the Swiss Confederation, the Swiss Cantons, Energy Agencies and professional organisations are discussed. The importance of the activities of partner organisations and actor-networks in various areas such as solar, small hydro, geothermal and wind energy are discussed, as are models for financing the necessary promotion and marketing efforts

156

Multistage skin tumor promotion: involvement of a protein kinase  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Current information suggests that chemical carcinogenesis is a multistep process with one of the best studied models in this regard being the two-stage carcinogenesis system using mouse skin. The effects of several carcinogens and tumor promoters in various sequences of application were studied to examine the nature of the process. The actions of several tumor inhibitors were compared. (ACR)

1980-01-01

157

IL-6 promotes nonthyroidal illness syndrome by blocking thyroxine activation while promoting thyroid hormone inactivation in human cells  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is a state of low serum 3,5,3′ triiodothyronine (T3) that occurs in chronically ill patients; the degree of reduction in T3 is associated...Full Text Available

2011-05-02

158

High temperature heat transfer augmentation  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The heat transfer augmentation is reviewed in view of high temperature heat exchangers illuminating the contribution of radiative heat transfer. A number of means and/or devices are presented as well as the sophisticated concept which will be promoted to the extended applications in matured industries such as iron and steel, oir refinery, petro-chemical. It should be emphasized that the more creative and innovatory technology has to be promoted in order to stimulate and refresh the foregoing industries, recognizing the increasing importance of the energy resources.

1985-08-01

159

Growth Promotion in Pea Stem Sections. III. By Alkyl Nitriles, Alkyl Acetylenes and Insect Juvenile Hormones 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

C14, C15, and C16 alkyl nitriles, and C16 and C18 alkyl acetylenes at 10 to 105 micromolar concentrations promote the growth of stem sections from...Full Text Available

1969-07-01

160

Transforming growth factor-? signaling mediates hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling and inhibition of alveolar development in newborn mouse lung  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Hypoxia causes abnormal neonatal pulmonary artery remodeling (PAR) and inhibition of alveolar development (IAD). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is an important regulator of lung development...Full Text Available

2008-07-01

161

The inhibition of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) dehydrochlorinase and gluthathione S-aryltransferase in grass-grub and housefly preparations  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The inhibition of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] dehydrochlorinase and glutathione S-aryltransferase by diphenylmethane and triphenylmethane...Full Text Available

1970-05-01

162

The effects of diphenyleneiodonium on mitochondrial reactions. Relation of binding of diphenylene[125I]iodonium to mitochondria to the extent of inhibition of oxygen uptake.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

1. Several ring-substituted derivatives of diphenyleneiodonium catalyse the exchange of Cl- and OH- ions across the inner membrane of rat liver mitochondria. They also inhibit state 3 and state 3u oxidations...Full Text Available

1976-08-15

163

Power transmitting fluids containing esters of hydrocarbyl succinic acid or anhydride with thio-bis-alkanols  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mineral oil based power transmitting fluids, such as automatic transmission fluids, are disclosed which contain 0.05 to 2.0 weight percent of an ester of a thio-bis alkanol and a C/sub 12/-C/sub 50/ hydrocarbon succinic acid or anhydride, the ester being a multifunctional additive providing the properties of friction modification, corrosion inhibition, anti-wear, oxidation inhibition and extreme pressure properties to the fluids.

1987-10-27

164

Oxygen Inhibition of Nitrate Reductase Biosynthesis in Detached Corn Leaves via Inhibition of Total Soluble Protein Synthesis 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Detached first leaves of 3-day-old corn seedlings (Zea mays L. W64AxW183E) were incubated with nitrate in air or 100% O2 in the light. Nitrate accumulation in the leaves...Full Text Available

1989-11-01

165

N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) Inhibits Intravenous Cocaine Self-Administration and Cocaine-Enhanced Brain-Stimulation Reward in Rats  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Pharmacological activation of group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2 and mGlu3) receptors inhibits reward-seeking behavior and/or rewarding efficacy induced by drugs (cocaine, nicotine) or natural...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

166

Low-Concentration Kinetics of Atmospheric CH4 Oxidation in Soil and Mechanism of NH4+ Inhibition  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

NH4+ inhibition kinetics for CH4 oxidation were examined at near-atmospheric CH4 concentrations in three upland forest soils. Whether NH4+-independent...Full Text Available

1998-11-01

167

K Depletion Enhances the Extracellular Ca2+-Induced Inhibition of the Apical K Channels in the Mtal of Rat Kidney  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We have shown previously that raising extracellular Ca2+ inhibited the apical 70-pS K channel in the thick ascending limb (TAL; Wang, W.H., M. Lu, and S.C. Hebert. 1996. Am....Full Text Available

2002-01-01

168

Interaction of N-methyl-2-alkenyl-4-quinolones with ATP-dependent MurE ligase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: antibacterial activity, molecular docking and inhibition kinetics  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the antibacterial activity and MurE inhibition of a set of N-methyl-2-alkenyl-4-quinolones found...Full Text Available

2011-08-01

169

Increased Endogenous Abscisic Acid Maintains Primary Root Growth and Inhibits Shoot Growth of Maize Seedlings at Low Water Potentials 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Roots of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings continue to grow at low water potentials that cause complete inhibition of shoot growth. In this study, we have investigated the role of abscisic...Full Text Available

1990-08-01

170

Effect of WC particle size on grain growth inhibition in the WC-xVC-Co system  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of WC particle size with the addition of VC as a grain growth inhibitor was investigated during the liquid phase sintering of WC-Co system. With increasing WC particle size at the same VC content, the effect of grain growth inhibition was increased. Also, with increasing the VC content, the grain shape of WC was changed from the faceted shape to the distorted shape, and the step density of the WC grain was increased. (orig.)

2003-07-01

171

Corrosion inhibited alcohol motor fuel  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The addition of 0.0005-0.5 weight% linoleic acid trimer to synthetic motor fuels composed of 95.0-99.8% technical-grade alcohol (EtOH or MeOH) and 0.2-5.0% water inhibits the corrosion induced by the impurities, such as aliphatic acids 0.5-10.0, aliphatic aldehydes 0.5-10.0, and aliphatic esters 0.5-10 mg/100 ml alcohol.

1981-08-25

172

Heat transfer augmentation in the transition region and low Reynolds number turbulent flows  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors report experimental results of heat transfer in the region of transition to turbulence. The augmentation was induced through deployment of periodically placed cylindrical eddy promoters in parallel plane channel flows. Eight different configurations were used. The presence of eddy promoters displaced the point of transition from Reynolds number values of 1500 for the plane channel to around 400 for the least stable case. The value of Nusselt number at the transition for eddy promoters cases was up to 2.5 times higher than the one for the plane channel at the transition. Furthermore, the lower the transition Reynolds number, the higher the Nusselt number at the transition. For the cases where the diameter of the promoters was small and/or the pitch large, the heat transfer results in the transition region were consistent with values obtained from the Reynolds analogy when the analogy was ...

1995-12-31

173

T-2 mycotoxin inhibits mitochondrial protein synthesis  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors investigated the effect of T-2 toxin on rat liver mitochondrial protein synthesis. Isolated rat liver mitochondria were supplemented with an S-100 supernatant from rat liver and an external ATP-generating system. An in-vitro assay employing cycloheximide, and inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis, and chloramphenicol, and inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis, to distinguish mitochondrial protein synthesis from the cytoplasmic process. Amino acid incorporation into mitochondria was dependent on the concentration of mitochondria and was inhibited by chloramphenicol. The rate of uptake of tritium leucine into mitochondrial protein was unaffected by the addition of T-2 toxin and was not a rate-limiting step in incorporation. However, 0.02 micrograms/ml of T-2 toxin decreased the rate of protein synthesis inhibition correlated with the amount of T-2 toxin taken up by the mitochondria. While T-2 toxin is known to ...

1988-01-01

174

Sertoli cells in culture secrete paracrine factor(s) that inhibit peritubular myoid cell proliferation: identification of heparinoids as likely candidates  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Conditioned medium from Sertoli cells, prepared from testes of 20-day-old rats, contains component(s) that inhibit the incorporation of (3H)-thymidine into DNA of peritubular myoid cells (PMC) and inhibit the proliferation of PMC. These components are trypsin-resistant, heat-stable compounds having a molecular weight less than 30,000. The active inhibitory components in Sertoli cell conditioned medium are inactivated by treatment with heparinase, but not by treatment with hyaluronidase or chondroitin sulfate lyases. Addition of heparin or heparan sulfate results in inhibition of DNA synthesis by PMC in a dose-dependent manner, whereas other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) examined (hyaluronic acid, keratan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate) have no detectable effects. Heparin and heparan sulfate are unique among GAGs tested in inhibiting the characteristic multilayer growth pattern of PMC following the ...

1991-06-01

175

Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic E. coli adherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression.  

Science.gov (United States)

Probiotic agents, live microorganisms with beneficial effects for the host, may offer an alternative to conventional antimicrobials in the treatment and prevention of enteric infections. The probiotic agents Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG quantitatively inhibited the adherence of an attaching and effacing pathogenic Escherichia coli to HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells but did not inhibit adherence to nonintestinal HEp-2 cells. HT-29 cells were grown under conditions that induced high levels of either MUC2 or MUC3 mRNA, but HEp-2 cells expressed only minimal levels of MUC2 and no MUC3 mRNA. Media enriched for MUC2 and MUC3 mucin were added exogenously to binding assays and were shown to be capable of inhibiting enteropathogen adherence to HEp-2 cells. Incubation of L. plantarum 299v with HT-29 cells increased MUC2 and MUC3 mRNA expression levels. From these in vitro studies, we propose the ...

1999-04-01

176

Oxidation inhibition of sulfite in dual alkali flue gas desulfurization system.  

Science.gov (United States)

A laboratory-scale well-mixed thermostatic reactor with continuously blasting air was used to investigate the oxidation inhibition of sulfite in dual alkali flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system. The effects of operating parameters such as pH value and catalyst concentration on the oxidation were studied. Sodium thiosulfate was used in the system, and was found that it significantly inhabited the sulfite oxidation. In the absence of catalyst, sodium thiosulfate at 12.67 mmol/L had an inhibition efficiency of approximately 98%. While in the presence of catalyst, sodium thiosulfate at 26.72 mmol/L had an inhibition efficiency less than 85.0%. The oxidation reaction order of sulfite in the sodium thiosulfate was determined to be -1.90 and -0.55 in the absence and presence of the catalyst, respectively. Apparent activation energy of oxidation inhibition was calculated to be 53.9 kJ/mol. Pilot tests showed ...

2007-01-01

177

The Notch ligand Delta-like 1 integrates inputs from TGFbeta/Activin and Wnt pathways  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Unlike the well-characterized nuclear function of the Notch intracellular domain, it has been difficult to identify a nuclear role for the ligands of Notch. Here we provide evidence for the nuclear function of the Notch ligand Delta-like 1 in colon cancer (CC) cells exposed to butyrate. We demonstrate that the intracellular domain of Delta-like 1 (Dll1icd) augments the activity of Wnt signaling-dependent reporters and that of the promoter of the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene. Data suggest that Dll1icd upregulates CTGF promoter activity through both direct and indirect mechanisms. The direct mechanism is supported by co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous Smad2/3 proteins and Dll1 and by chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses that revealed the occupancy of Dll1icd on CTGF promot...

2011-01-01

178

Hepatitis C virus core upregulates the methylation status of the RASSF1A promoter through regulation of SMYD3 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Increasing evidence has been accumulated indicating the important role of epigenetic regulation in tumor genesis. Previously, we observed that the transfection of hepatitis C virus core (HCVc) protein led to malignant transformation in normal biliary cells, and that tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A was downregulated in many hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients by hypermethylation in the promoter region. In the present study, we found SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3), a novel histone methyltransferase, was overexpressed in cholangiocarcinoma patients especially in those with HCV infection. Transfection of HCVc into hilar cholangiocarcinoma cell lines QBC939 and FRH0201 could upregulate the expression of SMYD3 and promote cell growth, which was consistent with the results of our cl...

2011-01-01

179

ECRbase: Database of Evolutionary Conserved Regions, Promoters, and Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Vertebrate Genomes  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Evolutionary conservation of DNA sequences provides a tool for the identification of functional elements in genomes. We have created a database of evolutionary conserved regions (ECRs) in vertebrate genomes entitled ECRbase that is constructed from a collection of pairwise vertebrate genome alignments produced by the ECR Browser database. ECRbase features a database of syntenic blocks that recapitulate the evolution of rearrangements in vertebrates and a collection of promoters in all vertebrate genomes presented in the database. The database also contains a collection of annotated transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in all ECRs and promoter elements. ECRbase currently includes human, rhesus macaque, dog, opossum, rat, mouse, chicken, frog, zebrafish, and two pufferfish genomes. It is freely accessible at http://ECRbase.dcode.org.

2006-08-08

180

The antimicrobial efficacy of a silver alginate dressing against a broad spectrum of clinically relevant wound isolates  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Wound dressings impregnated with silver have a role to play in aiding to reduce both the dressing and wound microbial bioburden. It is therefore imperative that antimicrobial wound dressings have efficacy on a broad range of clinical significant microorganisms. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of a silver alginate dressing against 115 wound isolates that had been isolated routinely from patients at West Virginia University Hospital. Standardised corrected zones of inhibition (CZOIs) were performed on all clinical isolates. It was found that the silver alginate dressing was able to inhibit the growth of all microorganisms tested. In particular, the silver alginate dressing inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and yeasts with CZOI of 3-115 mm. All met...

2011-01-01

181

Sodium monocarboxylates as inhibitors of AZ31 alloy corrosion in a synthetic cooling water  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This research investigated the inhibiting effects that sodium salts of linear monocarboxylic acids displayed towards the corrosion process of AZ31 Mg alloy in ASTM D 1387 saline solution (a synthetic industrial cooling water). The length of the aliphatic chain of the acids ranged between 7 and 15 carbon atoms. The inhibiting action of these salts can be related to the precipitation of an insoluble magnesium salt, which mainly affected the anodic reaction. The aliphatic chain length controlled the anion solubility and the reaction rate of magnesium carboxylate formation. For all the salts, an optimum concentration was experienced: 10{sup -2} M for sodium decanoate (caprate), 10{sup -3} M for sodium dodecanoate (laurate), 10{sup -4} M for sodium tetradecanoate (myristate); when this concentration was exceeded, a diminution (even a disappearance) in the inhibiting action was found. (Abstract Copyright [2009], Wiley ...

2009-03-15

182

On synergism in inhibition of liquidphase oxidation of styrene and tetralin by organic phosphites and transition eleement acetylacetonates  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Synergism has been observed during inhibiting initiated oxidation of styrene or tetralin by organic phosphites in the presence of complex compounds of some transition metals. The results are given of non-additive intensification of antioxidative activity of triphenylphosphite (TPP) and tri-(4-methyl-6-tert.-- butyl)-phenyl-phosphite (TMBP) in the process of initiated oxidation of styrene or tetralin with addition of acetylacetonates of cobalt and vanadyl. During styrene oxidation, inhibition of the reaction with chelate complex of vanadyl is weakened considerably when phosphite is added into the reaction system. During tetralin oxidation, postcatalytic (or branched) oxidation is observed only for large concentration of vanadyl complex. Addition of TPP to above complex sharply increases the induction period. When the induction period is completed, oxidation of tetralin follows the mechanism of usual, i.e. initiated, reaction.

183

Kinetics of inhibition of green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphatase by sodium (2,2'-bipyridine) oxodiperoxovanadate.  

Science.gov (United States)

Green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) is a metalloenzyme, which catalyzes the nonspecific hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters. The kinetics of inhibition of the enzyme by sodium (2, 2'-bipyridine) oxodiperoxovanadate, pV(bipy), has been studied. The time course of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-phosphate catalyzed by the enzyme in the presence of different pV(bipy) concentrations showed that at each pV(bipy) concentration, the rate decreased with increasing time until a straight line was approached, the straight line slopes are the same for all concentrations. The results suggest that the inhibition of the enzyme by pV(bipy) is a slow, reversible reaction with fractional remaining activity. The microscopic rate constants are determined for the reaction of inhibitor with the enzyme. PMID:10691182

1999-10-01

184

Inhibitory activity of Pseudomonas sp. on Flavobacterium psychrophilum, in vitro  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract A Pseudomonas sp. isolate MSB1 efficiently inhibited the growth of Flavobacterium psychrophilum of different serotypes on agar medium. A significant difference in the inhibition was observed between isolates of the less virulent FpT serotype compared to the Fd and Th serotypes. In broth coculture experiments, a low number of cells of MSB1 inhibited and outcompeted the F.psychrophilum cells. Also cell-free culture supernatant of MSB1 clearly repressed the growth of F.psychrophilum. A chromoazurol S assay suggested that MSB1 produced efficient siderophores, which most probably were responsible for the iron deficiency in the supernatant. The limited growth of F.psychrophilum in the supernatant was found to be partly because of the lack of available iron, but the results also indicate...

2011-01-01

185

Inhibition of prepenetration processes of the powdery mildew Golovinomyces orontii on host inflorescence stems is reduced in the Arabidopsis cuticular mutant cer3 but not in cer1  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The obligate biotrophic fungus Golovinomyces orontii causes powdery mildew (PM) disease on its host Arabidopsis thaliana. Most research on the G. orontii?Arabidopsis pathosystem uses rosette leaves as experimental materials, so little is known about the behavior of G. orontii on other Arabidopsis organs. We thus conducted microscopic analyses of the PM infection process on leaves, stems, fruits and roots of Arabidopsis. Adaxial and abaxial surfaces of mature rosette leaves supported G. orontii infection, but growth was somewhat suppressed on cauline leaves. Prepenetration processes (germination and appressorium formation) were strongly inhibited on stems, fruits and roots. To test the effect of alterations in the Arabidopsis cuticle on the inhibition of prepenetration processes on stems, w...

2011-01-01

186

In vitro atrazine-exposure inhibits human natural killer cell lytic granule release  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The herbicide atrazine is a known immunotoxicant and an inhibitor of human natural killer (NK) cell lytic function. The precise changes in NK cell lytic function following atrazine exposure have not been fully elucidated. The current study identifies the point at which atrazine exerts its affect on the stepwise process of human NK cell-mediated lyses of the K562 target cell line. Using intracellular staining of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, it was determined that a 24-h in vitro exposure to atrazine did not decrease the level of NK cell lytic proteins granzyme A, granzyme B or perforin. Thus, it was hypothesized that atrazine exposure was inhibiting the ability of the NK cells to bind to the target cell and subsequently inhibit the release of lytic protein from the NK cell. To test t...

2007-01-01

187

Genomic survey of prepulse inhibition in mouse chromosome substitution strains  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a measure of sensorimotor gating, a pre-attentional inhibitory brain mechanism that filters extraneous stimuli. Prepulse inhibition is correlated with measures of cognition and executive functioning, and is considered an endophenotype of schizophrenia and other psychiatric illnesses in which patients show PPI impairments. As a first step toward identifying genes that regulate PPI, we performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) screen of PPI phenotypes in a panel of mouse chromosome substitution strains (CSSs). We identified five CSSs with altered PPI compared with the host C57BL/6J strain: CSS-4 exhibited decreased PPI, whereas CSS-10, -11, -16 and -Y exhibited higher PPI compared with C57BL/6J. These data indicate that A/J chromosomes 4, 10, 11, 16 and Y harbor...

2009-01-01

188

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel by alkylimidazolium ionic liquids in hydrochloric acid  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The acid corrosion inhibition process of mild steel in 1M HCl by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorides (BMIC) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BMIM]HSO4) has been investigated using electrochemical impedance, potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss measurements. Potentiodynamic polarization studies indicate the studied inhibitors are mixed type inhibitors. For both inhibitors, the inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the concentration of the inhibitor and the effectiveness of the two inhibitors are in the order [BMIM]HSO4>BMIC. The adsorption of the inhibitors on mild steel surface obeyed the Langmuirs adsorption isotherm. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior in the presence of 5x10-3M of inhibitors was studied in the temperature range of 3...

2009-01-01

189

Corrosion and scale processes and their inhibition in simulated cooling water systems by monosaccharides derivatives  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A study of the ordinary mild steel/cooling water interface, with and without inhibitor, was carried out using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS spectra in uninhibited medium reveal that a layer of corrosion and scale products is formed naturally and evolves with the immersion time. Monosaccharides derivatives were used as corrosion inhibitors. Most of them exhibit good behaviour against corrosion of ordinary steel in simulated water systems. Their inhibiting efficiency increases with concentration rise and depends on molecular structure especially -OH groups' position on two adjacent carbons and their number. In addition, the effect of MoO4^2^- on the corrosion inhibition in the presence of the best inhibitor was also studied by EIS. The addition of MoO4^2^- enhanced the in...

2009-01-01

190

planet BAN KI-MOON  

Wastenet

CLIMATE CHANGE Copenhagen: seal the deal ...2 OUR PLANET SEAL THE DEAL UNEP promotes environmentally sound practices globally and in its own activities. ...PaGE 30OUR PLANET SEAL THE DEAL 3

191

nkx2.2a promotes specification and differentiation of a myelinating subset of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in zebrafish  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

During development, multipotent neural precursors give rise to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which migrate and divide to produce additional OPCs. Near the end of embryogenesis and...Full Text Available

2008-05-01

192

Why were "starvation diets" promoted for diabetes in the pre-insulin period?  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In the decade before the discovery of insulin, the prominent American physicians Frederick Allen and Elliott Joslin advocated severe fasting and undernutrition to prolong the lives of diabetic patients....Full Text Available

193

Voluntary exercise improves insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue inflammation in diet-induced obese mice  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Exercise promotes weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating its beneficial effects are not fully understood. Obesity correlates with increased production...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

194

Upregulation of prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated endothelium promotes inflammation  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundProlylcarboxypeptidase (Prcp) gene, along with altered PRCP and kallikrein levels, have been implicated in inflammation pathogenesis. PRCP regulates angiotensin...Full Text Available

195

Transplantation-Mediated Strategies to Promote Axonal Regeneration following Spinal Cord Injury  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Devastating central nervous system injuries and diseases continue to occur in spite of the tremendous efforts of various prevention programs. The enormity of and annual escalation of healthcare...Full Text Available

2009-11-30

196

Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1? promotes peroxisomal remodeling and biogenesis  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Mitochondria and peroxisomes execute some analogous, nonredundant functions including fatty acid oxidation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and, in response to select metabolic cues, undergo...Full Text Available

2010-11-23

197

Trade-offs Between Seedling Growth and Survival in Deciduous Broadleaved Trees in a Temperate Forest  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background and AimsIn spatially heterogeneous environments, a trade-off between seedling survival and relative growth rate may promote the coexistence of plant species. In temperate...Full Text Available

2007-03-01

198

The selective hypoxia inducible factor-1 inhibitor PX-478 provides in vivo radiosensitization through tumor stromal effects  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) promotes tumor cell adaptation to microenvironmental stress. HIF-1 is up-regulated in irradiated tumors and serves as a promising target for radiosensitization....Full Text Available

2009-04-01

199

The role of the antioxidant and longevity-promoting Nrf2 pathway in metabolic regulation  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Purpose of ReviewThe vertebrate cap’n’collar family transcription factor Nrf2 and its invertebrate homologs SKN-1 (in worms) and CncC (in flies) function...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

200

The interplay of StyR and IHF regulates substrate-dependent induction and carbon catabolite repression of styrene catabolism genes in Pseudomonas fluorescens ST  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundIn Pseudomonas fluorescens ST, the promoter of the styrene catabolic operon, PstyA, is induced by styrene and is subject to catabolite...Full Text Available

201

The chromosomal association/dissociation of the chromatin insulator protein Cp190 of Drosophila melanogaster is mediated by the BTB/POZ domain and two acidic regions  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundChromatin insulators or boundary elements are a class of functional elements in the eukaryotic genome. They regulate gene transcription by interfering with promoter-enhancer...Full Text Available

202

The Release of Nitric Oxide from S-Nitrosothiols Promotes Angiogenesis  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundFree nitric oxide (NO) reacts with sulphydryl residues to form S-nitrosothiols, which act as NO reservoirs. We sought to determine whether thiol-preserving...Full Text Available

203

The Pseudoreceptor BMP and Activin Membrane-bound Inhibitor Positively Modulates Wnt/?-Catenin Signaling*  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating embryogenesis and tumorigenesis by promoting cell proliferation. BAMBI (BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) has...Full Text Available

2008-11-28

204

The Medical Library Association: promoting new roles for health information professionals  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

As the Medical Library Association (MLA) enters its second century, its role in providing leadership and focus for the education of health information professionals in a changing environment will be...Full Text Available

2002-01-01

205

The IBR5 phosphatase promotes Arabidopsis auxin responses through a novel mechanism distinct from TIR1-mediated repressor degradation  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundIn Arabidopsis, INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID RESPONSE5 (IBR5), a putative dual-specificity protein phosphatase,...Full Text Available

206

Synthetic progestins differentially promote or prevent DMBA-induced mammary tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Recent clinical trials demonstrate that combined oral dosing with estrogen and progestin increases the incidence of breast cancer in post-menopausal women. Similarly, in a rat model system of...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

207

Synergistic Operation of the CAR2 (Ornithine Transaminase) Promoter Elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Dal82p binds to the UISALL sites of allophanate-induced genes of the allantoin-degradative pathway and functions synergistically with the GATA family Gln3p and Gat1p transcriptional...Full Text Available

1999-11-01

208

Support for stroke patients in resumption of driving: patient survey and driving simulator trial  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background:Encouragement of stroke patients to resume driving is important to promote their reintegration into the community. Limited rehabilitation has been performed in this regard,...Full Text Available

209

Support for hospital-based HIV testing and counseling: a national survey of hospital marketing executives.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Today, hospitals are involved extensively in social marketing and promotional activities. Recently, investigators from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that routine testing...Full Text Available

1995-07-01

210

Space-Frame Connection for Small-Diameter Round Timber.  

Science.gov (United States)

To promote more efficient use of small-diameter timber, research efforts are being focused on the development and evaluation of connection methods that can be easily applied to non-standard round wood profiles. This report summarizes an evaluation of a 'd...

2005-01-01

211

Sortases and the Art of Anchoring Proteins to the Envelopes of Gram-Positive Bacteria  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The cell wall envelopes of gram-positive bacteria represent a surface organelle that not only functions as a cytoskeletal element but also promotes interactions between bacteria and their environment....Full Text Available

2006-03-01

212

Serotonin Transporter Binding and Genotype in the Nonhuman Primate Brain using [C-11]DASB PET  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The length polymorphism of the serotonin (5-HT) transporter gene promoter region has been implicated in altered 5-HT function and, in turn, neuropsychiatric illnesses, such as anxiety and depression....Full Text Available

2009-10-01

213

Selective promotion of alternative energy forms - hopes for liquefaction of Australian brown coal. [Japan  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report of an interview with T. Watamori, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the New Energy Development Organization (NEDO), Japan outlines the general activities of NEDO, and then gives emphasis to the prospects of the liquefaction of brown coal from Australia. (In Japanese)

1981-01-01

214

Selection and characterization of ricin toxin A-chain mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A DNA sequence encoding the A chain of ricin toxin (RTA) from the castor bean plant, Ricinus communis, was placed under GAL1 promoter control and transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Induction...Full Text Available

1989-02-01

215

Role of Cytokinin and Auxin in Shaping Root Architecture: Regulating Vascular Differentiation, Lateral Root Initiation, Root Apical Dominance and Root Gravitropism  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

• Background and Aims Development and architecture of plant roots are regulated by phytohormones. Cytokinin (CK), synthesized in the root cap, promotes cytokinesis, vascular...Full Text Available

2006-05-01

216

Research  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Subjects covered in this section are: (1) PCAST panel promotes energy research cooperation; (2) Letter issued by ANS urges funding balance in FFTF restart consideration and (3) FESAC panel releases report on priorities and balance.

1999-10-01

217

Repressive BMP2 Gene Regulatory Elements Near the BMP2 promoter  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The level of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) profoundly influences essential cell behaviors such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. The spatial and temporal pattern...Full Text Available

2010-02-05

218

Regulation of G1 Cell Cycle Progression  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Most genetic changes that promote tumorigenesis involve dysregulation of G1 cell cycle progression. A key regulatory site in G1 is a growth factor–dependent restriction point (R) where cells...Full Text Available

2010-11-01

219

Rapid, reversible activation of AgRP neurons drives feeding behavior in mice  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Several different neuronal populations are involved in regulating energy homeostasis. Among these, agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons are thought to promote feeding and weight gain; however, the...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

220

Prototype Web-based continuing medical education using FlashPix images.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Continuing Medical Education (CME) is a requirement among practicing physicians to promote continuous enhancement of clinical knowledge to reflect new developments in medical care. Previous research...Full Text Available

2000-01-01

221

Protocadherin-PC Promotes Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cell Growth  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BACKGROUNDProtocadherin-PC (PCDH-PC) expression is upregulated in apoptosis-resistant sublines of the LNCaP human prostate cancer (CaP) cell line. Here, we assess...Full Text Available

2006-07-01

222

Promotive Effect of Minoxidil Combined with All-trans Retinoic Acid (tretinoin) on Human Hair Growth in Vitro  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Minoxidil induces hair growth in male pattern baldness and prolongs the anagen phase. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been reported to act synergistically with minoxidil in vivo:...Full Text Available

2007-04-01

223

Profound human/mouse differences in alpha-dystrobrevin isoforms: a novel syntrophin-binding site and promoter missing in mouse and rat  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe dystrophin glycoprotein complex is disrupted in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and many other neuromuscular diseases. The principal heterodimeric partner of dystrophin...Full Text Available

224

Practice Leaders Programme: Entrusting and Enabling General Practitioners to Lead Change to Improve Patient Experience  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This program focused on practice-level service change as a means of improving patient care and developing leadership skills of 19 general practitioners (GPs) and aimed to: promote and support change...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

225

Phylometabonomic Patterns of Adaptation to High Fat Diet Feeding in Inbred Mice  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Insulin resistance plays a central role in type 2 diabetes and obesity, which develop as a consequence of genetic and environmental factors. Dietary changes including high fat diet (HFD) feeding promotes...Full Text Available

226

Phosphorylated PmrA Interacts with the Promoter Region of ugd in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The Salmonella PmrA-PmrB system controls the expression of genes necessary for polymyxin B resistance. Four loci were previously identified as part of the regulon, and interaction of...Full Text Available

2000-07-01

227

Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-3 Promotes Motility and Metastasis of Mouse Melanoma Cells  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Recent reports suggested that phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL)-3 might be involved in colorectal carcinoma metastasis with an unknown mechanism. Here we demonstrated that PRL-3 expression was...Full Text Available

2004-06-01

228

Perceived barriers to guideline adherence: A survey among general practitioners  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundDespite considerable efforts to promote and support guideline use, adherence is often suboptimal. Barriers to adherence vary not only across guidelines but also across...Full Text Available

229

OmpA of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Promotes Postinvasion Pathogenesis of Cystitis?  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Type 1 pilus directs bladder epithelial binding and invasion by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in the initial stage of cystitis, but the bacterial determinants of postinvasion...Full Text Available

2009-12-01

230

Mortality of persons resident in the vicinity of electricity transmission facilities.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Several studies have raised the possibility that exposure to electrical and/or magnetic fields may be injurious to health in particular by the promotion or initiation of cancer. To investigate whether...Full Text Available

1986-02-01

231

Monitoring of Tumor Promotion and Progression in a Mouse Model of Inflammation-Induced Colon Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Colonography1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Early detection of precancerous tissue has significantly improved survival of most cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Animal models designed to study the early stages of cancer are valuable...Full Text Available

2009-03-01

232

Molecular basis of FIR-mediated c-myc transcriptional control  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The Far UpStream Element (FUSE) regulatory system promotes a peak in the concentration of c-Myc during cell cycle. First, the FBP transcriptional activator binds to the FUSE DNA element upstream...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

233

Metastasis-Inducing S100A4 and RANTES Cooperate in Promoting Tumor Progression in Mice  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe tumor microenvironment has been described as a critical milieu determining tumor growth and metastases. A pivotal role of metastasis-inducing S100A4 in the development...Full Text Available

234

Malaria knowledge and agricultural practices that promote mosquito breeding in two rural farming communities in Oyo State, Nigeria  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundAgricultural practices such as the use of irrigation during rice cultivation, the use of ponds for fish farming and the storage of water in tanks for livestock provide...Full Text Available

235

MULTITARGETED THERAPY OF CANCER BY GREEN TEA POLYPHENOLS  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Tea ranks second only to water as a major component of fluid intake worldwide and has been considered a health-promoting beverage since ancient times. For the past two decades, we and others...Full Text Available

2008-10-08

236

Loss of red cell chemokine scavenging promotes transfusion-related lung inflammation  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Red cell transfusions are associated with the development of acute lung injury in the critically ill. Recent evidence suggests that storage induced alterations of the red blood cell (RBC) collectively...Full Text Available

2009-01-29

237

Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of an Endogenous Root-promoting Factor Obtained from Basal Sections of Pear Hardwood Cuttings  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Basal segments taken from Old Home and Bartlett pear hardwood cuttings collected at intervals during the rooting period in September were extracted with ethanol and fractionated by paper chromatography...Full Text Available

1967-04-01

238

Integrative Analysis of Epigenetic Modulation in Melanoma Cell Response to Decitabine: Clinical Implications  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Decitabine, an epigenetic modifier that reactivates genes otherwise suppressed by DNA promoter methylation, is effective for some, but not all cancer patients, especially those with solid tumors. It...Full Text Available

239

Impact of sphingomyelin levels on coronary heart disease and left ventricular systolic function in humans  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Sphingomyelin (SM) is an abundant phospholipid in cell membranes and in lipoproteins. In human plasma, SM is mainly found in atherogenic lipoproteins; therefore, higher levels of SM may promote atherogenesis....Full Text Available

240

Identification of Phloem Involved in Assimilate Loading in Leaves by the Activity of the Galactinol Synthase Promoter1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The definition of “minor” veins in leaves is arbitrary and of uncertain biological significance. Generally, the term refers to the smallest vein classes in the leaf, believed to function...Full Text Available

2000-07-01

241

German connections behind EFL's Zn-air  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes a new concept in zinc-air battery technology and provides and insight into the role of the German Post Office and its former chairman in its commercial promotion. (UK)

1994-10-01

242

From waste minimization to ISO 14000: Taiwan`s experience and prospects  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taiwan has completed a very successful five-year industrial waste minimization (IWM) demonstration and promotion project sponsored by the government. From 1990 to 1995, the project successfully disseminated the IWM concept of pollution prevention (P2) to industries. It effectively reduced industrial waste while significantly benefitting the economy by assisting industries in implementing in-plant IWM programs. In July 1995, the second stage of the five-year IWM and ISO 14000 promotion project was initiated for further promoting the IWM, P2, and cleaner production and, in particular, coping with the upcoming international environmental management standards (ISO 14000). To assist industries in establishing an environmental management system (EMS) and accumulating related experience, an EMS pilot demonstration project of five model industries and an ISO 14001 EMS demonstration and promotion project for 22 ...

1996-12-31

243

Frequent Promoter Hypermethylation of the APC and RASSF1A Tumour Suppressors in Parathyroid Tumours  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundParathyroid adenomas constitute the most common entity in primary hyperparathyroidism, and although recent advances have been made regarding the underlying genetic cause...Full Text Available

244

Fluoride ion promoted deprotection and transesterification in nucleotide triesters.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Tetrabutylammonium fluoride will remove phenyl, trichloroethyl and cyanoethyl groups from nucleotides. In addition to the desired nucleotide products other results including chain cleavage, phosphofluoridates...Full Text Available

1979-10-10

245

Efforts made by Prof. Husimi at the Plasma Institute  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prof. Kodi Husimi was the director of the Institute of Plasma Physics of Nagoya University during 12 years from the beginning of the institute establishment in 1961. His main contribution on promotion of plasma physics and fusion research at the Institute is summarized. (author)

2009-05-01

246

Effects of pH, Temperature, and Nutrients on Propionate Degradation by a Methanogenic Enrichment Culture  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Enrichment cultures were used to determine the conditions promoting fastest methanogenic propionate degradation and growth by adapting the cultures to various physical and chemical conditions and measuring...Full Text Available

1987-07-01

247

Donors' Fact Sheets: EBRD  

Wastenet

...Goods: promote the protection of ldquo;natural parks and reserves, mangroves, reefs and lagoons,rdquo; and ldquo;expanding forest cover and tree integration with agricultural production systems rdquo;; climate change will be reduced through the trading of pollution permits under the Kyoto Protocol. Enhancing Disaster Management Capabilities:...

248

Does Water Hyacinth on East African Lakes Promote Cholera Outbreaks?  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cholera outbreaks continue to occur regularly in Africa. Cholera has been associated with proximity to lakes in East Africa, and Vibrio cholerae has been found experimentally to concentrate...Full Text Available

2010-08-05

249

Does Water Deficit Stress Promote Ethylene Synthesis by Intact Plants? 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The effect of plant water deficit on ethylene production by intact plants was tested in three species, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)...Full Text Available

1990-12-01

250

Disruption of Circulation by Ethanol Promotes Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Embryogenesis  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos exposed to ethanol have developed craniofacial, cardiovascular and skeletal defects which can be compared with the phenotypic features...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

251

Development of a novel data mining tool to find cis-elements in rice gene promoter regions  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundInformation on more than 35 000 full-length Oryza sativa cDNAs, together with associated microarray gene expression data collected under various treatment...Full Text Available

252

Determinants of Appropriate Child Health and Nutrition Practices among Women in Rural Gambia  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Health education and awareness involves providing knowledge about causes of illness and choices to promote a change in individual behaviour and, thus, improves survival of individuals. Studies have,...Full Text Available

2010-04-01

253

Deficiency of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Enhancer Protects Mice From Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVEPhosphoinositide 3-kinase enhancer A (PIKE-A) is a proto-oncogene that promotes tumor growth and transformation by enhancing Akt activity. However, the physiological functions...Full Text Available

2010-04-01

254

Cumulative Inflammatory Load Is Associated with Short Leukocyte Telomere Length in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundLeukocyte telomere length (LTL) is an emerging marker of biological age. Chronic inflammatory activity is commonly proposed as a promoter of ...Full Text Available

255

Computational promoter analysis of mouse, rat and human antimicrobial peptide-coding genes  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundMammalian antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are effectors of the innate immune response. A multitude of signals coming from pathways of mammalian pathogen/pattern recognition...Full Text Available

256

Compost amendment of Cu-Zn minespoil reduces toxic bioavailable heavy metal concentrations and promotes establishment and biomass production of Bromus carinatus (Hook and Arn.)  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A series of lab and greenhouse studies were undertaken to understand how Cu and Zn toxicity influences Bromus carinatus (Hook and Arn.) growth, to what degree an organic amendment (yard waste compost) may reduce Cu and Zn bioavailability in Cu-Zn minespoil and promote plant growth in combination with fertilizer, and how the vertical distribution of compost in the minespoil influences rooting depth. Root Cu and Zn toxicity thresholds were determined to be 1 mg L"-"1 and 10 mg L"-"1 in solution, respectively. The compost amendment had exceptionally high Cu and Zn binding capacities (0.17 and 0.08 g metal g C"-"1, for Cu and Zn, respectively) that were attributed to high compost humic and fulvic acid concentrations. Maximum plant biomass was achieved when minespoil was amended with compost and fertilizer in combination. Fertilizer alone had no effect on plant growth. Mixing compost into the minespoil was essential to promote adequate rooting ...

2007-07-01

257

Complement Evasion by Borrelia burgdorferi: Serum-Resistant Strains Promote C3b Inactivation  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The most characteristic features of the Lyme disease pathogens, the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) group, are their ability to invade tissues and to circumvent the immune defenses...Full Text Available

2001-06-01

258

Comparative transcripts profiling reveals new insight into molecular processes regulating lycopene accumulation in a sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) red-flesh mutant  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundInterest in lycopene metabolism and regulation is growing rapidly because accumulative studies have suggested an important role for lycopene in human health promotion....Full Text Available

259

Comparative Evaluation of Nanofibrous Scaffolding for Bone Regeneration in Critical-Size Calvarial Defects  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In a previous study we found that nanofibrous poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds mimicking collagen fibers in size were superior to solid-walled scaffolds in promoting osteoblast differentiation...Full Text Available

2009-08-01

260

Communicating human biomonitoring results to ensure policy coherence with public health recommendations: analysing breastmilk whilst protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This article addresses the problem of how to ensure consistency in messages communicating public health recommendations on environmental health and on child health. The World Health Organization states...Full Text Available

261

Biphasic targeting and cleavage furrow ingression directed by the tail of a myosin II  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cytokinesis in animal and fungal cells utilizes a contractile actomyosin ring (AMR). However, how myosin II is targeted to the division site and promotes AMR assembly, and how the AMR coordinates with...Full Text Available

2010-12-27

262

Anti-CD47 antibody synergizes with rituximab to promote phagocytosis and eradicate non-Hodgkin lymphoma  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

SummaryMonoclonal antibodies are standard therapeutics for several cancers including the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab for B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Rituximab and other...Full Text Available

2010-09-03

263

Antagonistic Gcn5-Hda1 interactions revealed by mutations to the Anaphase Promoting Complex in yeast  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundHistone post-translational modifications are critical for gene expression and cell viability. A broad spectrum of histone lysine residues have been identified in yeast...Full Text Available

264

Angiotensin II Promotes Development of the Renal Microcirculation through AT1 Receptors  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Pharmacologic or genetic deletion of components of the renin-angiotensin system leads to postnatal kidney injury, but the roles of these components in kidney development are unknown. To test the hypothesis...Full Text Available

2010-03-01

265

An update on 'progression promoters' in renal diseases.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

AIM: This paper reviews progression in renal diseases. METHODS: An English language literature search using Medline (1980 January-2001 July) was done to assess research and review articles on progression...Full Text Available

2003-01-01

266

Aging and the Social Cognitive Determinants of Physical Activity Behavior and Behavior Change: Evidence from the Guide to Health Trial  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Part one of this study investigated the effect of aging on social-cognitive characteristics related to physical activity (PA) among adults in the baseline phase of a health promotion...Full Text Available

267

Aggregation Substance Promotes Adherence, Phagocytosis, and Intracellular Survival of Enterococcus faecalis within Human Macrophages and Suppresses Respiratory Burst  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The aggregation substance (AS) of Enterococcus faecalis, encoded on sex pheromone plasmids, is a surface-bound glycoprotein that mediates aggregation between bacteria thereby facilitating...Full Text Available

2000-09-01

268

Adult Male Circumcision: Effects on Sexual Function and Sexual Satisfaction in Kisumu, Kenya  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

IntroductionMale circumcision is being promoted for HIV prevention in high-risk heterosexual populations. However, there is a concern that circumcision may impair...Full Text Available

2008-11-01

269

Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Acquired resistance to the action of insulin to stimulate glucose transport in skeletal muscle is associated with obesity and promotes the development of type 2 diabetes. In skeletal muscle,...Full Text Available

2008-05-01

270

A small RNA promotes siderophore production through transcriptional and metabolic remodeling  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Siderophores are essential factors for iron (Fe) acquisition in bacteria during colonization and infection of eukaryotic hosts, which restrain iron access through iron-binding protein, such as lactoferrin...Full Text Available

2010-08-24

271

A rapid and efficient method for region- and strand-specific mutagenesis of cloned DNA.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The single-stranded viral DNA of an M13 phage recombinant containing the early promoter region of SV40 was hybridized with linear, double-stranded replicative form DNA of a related M13 phage containing...Full Text Available

1982-01-01

272

A randomized-controlled trial of low-dose doxycycline for periodontitis in smokers  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background/AimTobacco use reduces the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy. Host-modulation with low-dose doxycycline (LDD) might favour repair and promote...Full Text Available

2007-04-01

273

Triosephosphates Modulate Leaf Mitochondrial Phosphorylation by Inhibition and Uncoupling of Electron Transport 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The effect of TP (triosephosphates:glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate, GAP, +dihydroxyacetone phosphate, DHAP) on respiration, phosphorylation and matrix ATP/ADP ratios of isolated oat mesophyll mitochondria...Full Text Available

1985-11-01

274

Transport and deamination of amino acids by a gram-positive, monensin-sensitive ruminal bacterium.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Strain F, a recently isolated ruminal bacterium, grew rapidly with glutamate or glutamine as an energy source in the presence but not the absence of Na. Monensin, a Na+/H+ antiporter, completely inhibited...Full Text Available

1990-07-01

275

The inhibition of tumor cell intravasation and subsequent metastasis through the regulation of in vivo tumor cell motility by the tetraspanin CD151  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

SummaryIn vivo tumor cell migration through integrin-dependent pathways is key to the metastatic behavior of malignant cells. Using quantitative in vivo...Full Text Available

2008-03-01

276

The inhibition of staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation by vancomycin-modified titanium alloy and implications for the treatment of periprosthetic infection  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Peri-prosthetic infections are notoriously difficult to treat as the biomaterial implant is ideal for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, resulting in decreased antibiotic sensitivity....Full Text Available

2008-12-01

277

The first long-lived mutants: discovery of the insulin/IGF-1 pathway for ageing  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Inhibiting insulin/IGF-1 signalling extends lifespan and delays age-related disease in species throughout the animal kingdom. This life-extension pathway, the first to be defined, was discovered through...Full Text Available

2011-01-12

278

The effects of nicotine, hexamethonium and ethanol on the secretion of the antidiuretic and oxytocic hormones of the rat  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The actions of nicotine, hexamethonium, and ethanol on the hypothalamo-hypophysial system have been investigated in the rat. The antidiuretic action of nicotine was not inhibited by ethanol, nor by...Full Text Available

1957-12-01

279

The effects of exercise and stress on the survival and maturation of adult-generated granule cells  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Stress strongly inhibits proliferation of granule cell precursors in the dentate gyrus, while voluntary running has the opposite effect. Few studies, however, have examined the possible effects...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

280

The Effect of 5?-Reductase Inhibition With Dutasteride and Finasteride on Bone Mineral Density, Serum Lipoproteins, Hemoglobin, Prostate Specific Antigen and Sexual Function in Healthy Young Men  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

PurposeDutasteride and finasteride are 5α-reductase inhibitors that dramatically decrease serum levels of dihydrotestosterone. Because androgens...Full Text Available

2008-06-01

281

Tarantula Huwentoxin-IV Inhibits Neuronal Sodium Channels by Binding to Receptor Site 4 and Trapping the Domain II Voltage Sensor in the Closed Configuration*S?  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Peptide toxins with high affinity, divergent pharmacological functions, and isoform-specific selectivity are powerful tools for investigating the structure-function relationships of voltage-gated...Full Text Available

2008-10-03

282

T cell-engaging BiTE antibodies specific for EGFR potently eliminate KRAS- and BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer cells  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific monoclonal antibodies predominantly inhibit colorectal cancer (CRC) growth by interfering with receptor signaling. Recent analyses have shown that patients...Full Text Available

2010-07-13

283

Suppression by IgA of IgG-mediated phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

IgA from normal human serum, a myeloma IgA and human colostral IgA were found to inhibit the IgG-dependent phagocytosis of Candida albicans (CA) blastospores by polymorphonuclear leucocytes...Full Text Available

1978-12-01

284

Sucrose Uptake by Sugar Beet Tap Root Tissue 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Sucrose uptake by discs of mature sugar beet root tissue incubated in [14C]-sucrose exhibited nonsaturating kinetics over the concentration range of 1 to 500 millimolar. Uptake was inhibited...Full Text Available

1979-11-01

285

Studies on Inhibition of Intestinal Absorption of Radioactive Strontium  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A method is reported which permits selective suppression of absorption of radioactive strontium from ingested food material, permitting the calcium to be available to the body. Studies were carried...Full Text Available

1964-08-08

286

Staphylococcus aureus Aconitase Inactivation Unexpectedly Inhibits Post-Exponential-Phase Growth and Enhances Stationary-Phase Survival  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Staphylococcus aureus preferentially catabolizes glucose, generating pyruvate, which is subsequently oxidized to acetate under aerobic growth conditions. Catabolite repression of the...Full Text Available

2002-11-01

287

Src Kinase Inhibition Decreases Thrombin Induced Injury and Cell Cycle Re-Entry in Striatal Neurons  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Since Src kinase inhibitors decrease brain injury produced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and thrombin is activated following ICH, this study determined whether Src kinase inhibitors decrease...Full Text Available

2008-05-01

288

Specificity of the anticollagenase action of tetracyclines: relevance to their anti-inflammatory potential.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The concentrations of doxycycline and 4-de-dimethylaminotetracycline required to inhibit 50% of collagenase activity were found to be 15 to 30 microM for human neutrophil and gingival crevicular fluid...Full Text Available

1992-01-01

289

Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition reveals novel biological functions of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs)  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Early on, intriguing biological activities were found associated with the EETs using in vitro systems. Although the EETs other than the 5,6-isomer, are quite stable chemically,...Full Text Available

2007-01-01

290

Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition: Targeting Multiple Mechanisms of Ischemic Brain Injury with a Single Agent  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

SummarySoluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a key enzyme in the metabolic conversion and degradation of P450 eicosanoids called epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Genetic variations...Full Text Available

2009-03-01

291

Slug down-regulation by RNA interference inhibits invasion growth in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. We assessed the relevance of Slug in measuring the invasive...Full Text Available

292

SirT3 suppresses hypoxia inducible factor 1? and tumor growth by inhibiting mitochondrial ROS production  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

It has become increasing clear that alterations in cellular metabolism have a key role in the generation and maintenance of cancer. Some of the metabolic changes can be attributed to the activation...Full Text Available

2011-06-30

293

Short Stat5-Interacting Peptide Derived from Phospholipase C-?3 Inhibits Hematopoietic Cell Proliferation and Myeloid Differentiation  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Constitutive activation of the transcription factor Stat5 in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells leads to various hematopoietic malignancies including myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Our recent study...Full Text Available

294

Senescence Inhibition and Respiration Induced by Growth Retardants and 6N-Benzyladenine 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Senescence of Grand Rapids leaf lettuce was greatly reduced at 3 storage temperatures by post-harvest treatment with N,N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (Alar) and 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride...Full Text Available

1966-09-01

295

Ricin inhibition of in vitro protein synthesis by plant ribosomes  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In vitro translation systems were prepared with supernatant factors from wheat germ and 80S ribosomes from wheat germ, barley embryos, watermelon cotyledons, pea cotyledons, and castor...Full Text Available

1982-10-01

296

Relationships between distribution of lead in erythrocytes in vivo and in vitro and inhibition of ALA-D.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Proteins in the ALA-D (delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase) fraction from gel filtration of erythrocyte supernatant (ES) have the highest affinity for lead among erythrocyte constituents in vivo...Full Text Available

1982-11-01

297

Reduction of Nitrate and Nitrite in Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Biotypes Resistant and Susceptible to Atrazine Toxicity 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The nitrite-reducing activity of the normal susceptible biotype of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) was strongly inhibited by atrazine in the assay medium, both in the case of the...Full Text Available

1980-05-01

298

Reduction in the level of intracellular myo-inositol in cultured soybean (Glycine max) cells inhibits cell division.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Although myo-inositol is included in media for the successful growth of plant tissues, the actual requirement of most tissues, including soybean (Glycine max) callus in suspension culture, for myo-inositol...Full Text Available

1990-02-01

299

Rapamycin inhibits trypanosome cell growth by preventing TOR complex 2 formation  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Target of rapamycin (TOR) kinases control cell growth through two functionally distinct multiprotein complexes. TOR complex 1 (TORC1) controls temporal cell growth and is sensitive to rapamycin, whereas...Full Text Available

2008-09-23

300

Product toxicity and cometabolic competitive inhibition modeling of chloroform and trichloroethylene transformation by methanotrophic resting cells.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The rate and capacity for chloroform (CF) and trichloroethylene (TCE) transformation by a mixed methanotrophic culture of resting cells (no exogenous energy source) and formate-fed cells were measured....Full Text Available

1991-04-01

301

Potential of mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis complex  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Rapamycin inhibits the mTOR (target of rapamycin) pathway and extends lifespan in multiple species. The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) protein is a negative regulator of mTOR. In humans, loss of the...Full Text Available

302

Platelet-derived growth factor inhibits bone regeneration induced by osteogenin, a bone morphogenetic protein, in rat craniotomy defects.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent moderator of soft tissue repair through induction of the inflammatory phase of repair and subsequent enhanced collagen deposition. We examined the effect...Full Text Available

1993-12-01

303

Phytoremediation of Soil Trace Elements  

Science.gov (United States)

This chapter summarizes research progress in development of phytoremediation technologies. Some soils have become contaminated by trace elements enough to kill plants, inhibit soil organisms, and/or threaten wildlife, humans or the environment. Traditional remediation by dig and haul methods are v...

304

Photosynthetic Response of Seagrasses to Ultraviolet-A Radiation and the Influence of Visible Light Intensity 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Inhibition of photosynthesis by ultraviolet-A radiation (UV-A, 315-380 nanometers) was examined in three marine angiosperms: Halophila engelmannii Aschers, Halodule wrightii...Full Text Available

1982-02-01

305

Pesticide Use and Self-Reported Symptoms of Acute Pesticide Poisoning among Aquatic Farmers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Organophosphates and carbamates (OPs/CMs) are known for their acetylcholinesterase inhibiting character. A cross-sectional study of pesticide handling practices and self-perceived symptoms of acute...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

306

Oxygen deprivation inhibits basal keratinocyte proliferation in a model of human skin and induces regio-specific changes in the distribution of epidermal adherens junction proteins, aquaporin-3, and glycogen  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

It is generally accepted that hypoxia and recovery from oxygen deprivation contribute to the breakdown and ulceration of human skin. The effects of these stresses on proliferation, differentiation...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

307

Osmotic Shock Inhibits Auxin-stimulated Acidification and Growth 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cells of oat coleoptiles (Avena sativa L. cv. “Garry”) have been osmotically shocked in order to observe the effect of alterations of the plasma membrane on some auxin...Full Text Available

1977-03-01

308

Nrf2 increases survival and attenuates alveolar growth inhibition in neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Increased oxidative stress is associated with perinatal asphyxia and respiratory distress in the newborn period. Induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor (Nrf2) has been shown to decrease...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

309

Neutral endopeptidase inhibits prostate cancer cell migration by blocking focal adhesion kinase signaling  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP, CD10) is a cell-surface enzyme expressed by prostatic epithelial cells that cleaves and inactivates neuropeptides implicated in the growth of androgen-independent prostate...Full Text Available

2000-12-01

310

Myelin associated glycoprotein cross-linking triggers its partitioning into lipid rafts, specific signaling events and cytoskeletal rearrangements in oligodendrocytes  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) has been implicated in inhibition of nerve regeneration in the CNS. This results from interactions between MAG and the Nogo receptor and gangliosides on...Full Text Available

2004-02-01

311

Molecular basis of the inhibition of human aromatase (estrogen synthetase) by flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens: A site-directed mutagenesis study.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens are plant chemicals and are known to be competitive inhibitors of cytochrome P450 aromatase with respect to the androgen substrate. Aromatase is the enzyme that...Full Text Available

1998-02-01

312

Mode of Action of RNase BN/RNase Z on tRNA Precursors  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

RNase BN, the Escherichia coli homolog of RNase Z, was previously shown to act as both a distributive exoribonuclease and an endoribonuclease on model RNA substrates and to be inhibited...Full Text Available

2010-07-23

313

Minigenome-Based Reporter System Suitable for High-Throughput Screening of Compounds Able To Inhibit Ebolavirus Replication and/or Transcription ?  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We describe an Ebolavirus minigenome-based system that is suitable for high-throughput screening of compounds able to impair Ebolavirus virus replication and/or transcription....Full Text Available

2010-07-01

314

Method and composition for acidizing subterranean formations  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present invention relates to a method of acidizing a subterranean formation or well bore employing an acidic solution containing a corrosion inhibitor composition comprising an inhibiting effective amount of an acetylenic alcohol, a quaternary ammonium compound, an aromatic hydrocarbon and an antimony compound.

1985-02-12

315

Metal Ions-Stimulated Iron Oxidation in Hydroxylases Facilitates Stabilization of HIF-1? Protein  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The exposure of cells to several metal ions stabilizes HIF-1α protein. However, the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. They may involve inhibition of hydroxylation by either...Full Text Available

2009-02-01

316

Long-lasting inhibition of presynaptic metabolism and neurotransmitter release by protein S-nitrosylation  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Nitric oxide (NO) and related reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a major role in the pathophysiology of stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases. One of the poorly understood consequences...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

317

Local inhibition of nitric oxide generation in man reduces blood flow in finger pulp but not in hand dorsum skin.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

1. Nitric oxide generation is important in the regulation of resistance vessel tone. Until now, however, there has been no evidence of such a role for basal generation of nitric oxide in the skin microcirculation...Full Text Available

1996-01-15

318

Lethal protein produced in response to competition between sibling bacterial colonies  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Sibling Paenibacillus dendritiformis bacterial colonies grown on low-nutrient agar medium mutually inhibit growth through secretion of a lethal factor. Analysis of secretions reveals...Full Text Available

2010-04-06

319

Lead and ?-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Polymorphism: Where Does It Lead? A Meta-Analysis  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundLead poisoning affects many organs in the body. Lead inhibits δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), an enzyme with two co-dominantly expressed alleles, ALAD1...Full Text Available

2007-01-01

320

Lateral Connectivity in the Olfactory Bulb is Sparse and Segregated  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Lateral connections in the olfactory bulb were previously thought to be organized for center–surround inhibition. However, recent anatomical and physiological studies showed sparse and distributed...Full Text Available

321

Interaction of Platelet Membrane Receptors with von Willebrand Factor, Ristocetin, and the Fc Region of Immunoglobulin G  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The agglutination of human platelets by ristocetin and von Willebrand factor was inhibited by aggregated immunoglobulin (Ig)G and by Fc fragments of IgG, but not by Fab, F(ab′)2 or...Full Text Available

1978-11-01

322

Inhibition of the visual cycle by A2E through direct interaction with RPE65 and implications in Stargardt disease  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Stargardt disease (STGD) is the major form of inherited juvenile macular degeneration. Pyridinium bis-retinoid A2E is a major component of lipofuscin which accumulates in retinal pigment epithelium...Full Text Available

2010-10-12

323

Inhibition of exercise-induced asthma by nifedipine: a dose-response study.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

1. The effect of three single doses of nifedipine on exercise-induced asthma has been examined in 11 asthmatic subjects. 2. On four separate days patients undertook 6 min of exercise on a treadmill...Full Text Available

1987-10-01

324

Inhibition of beta-lactamase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C by compound PS-5, a new beta-lactam antibiotic.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

By use of a new computer-assisted u.v.-spectrophotometric assay method, the kinetic parameters of the reaction catalysed by Bacillus licheniformis 749/C beta-lactamase were re-examined and the mode...Full Text Available

1980-01-01

325

Inhibition of HIV-1 Infection in Ex Vivo Cervical Tissue Model of Human Vagina by Palmitic Acid; Implications for a Microbicide Development  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundApproximately 80% of all new HIV-1 infections are acquired through sexual contact. Currently, there is no clinically approved microbicide, indicating a clear and...Full Text Available

326

Inactivating cholecystokinin-2 receptor inhibits progastrin-dependent colonic crypt fission, proliferation, and colorectal cancer in mice  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Hyperproliferation of the colonic epithelium, leading to expansion of colonic crypt progenitors, is a recognized risk factor for colorectal cancer. Overexpression of progastrin, a nonamidated and incompletely...Full Text Available

2009-09-01

327

In vitro selection of RNA molecules that displace cocaine from the membrane-bound nicotinic acetylcholine receptor  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) controls signal transmission between cells in the nervous system. Abused drugs such as cocaine inhibit this receptor. Transient kinetic investigations indicate...Full Text Available

1998-11-24

328

In vitro growth inhibition of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense by iron chelators  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

African trypanosomes exert significant morbidity and mortality in man and livestock. Only a few drugs are available for the treatment of trypanosome infections and therefore, the development of new...Full Text Available

329

Hyaluronic acid production by irradiated human synovial fibroblasts  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radioactive particles as well as x irradiation from an external source has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. In order to clarify effects of ionizing irradiation on synovial cells, radioactive gold ("1"9"8Au) and yttrium ("9"0Y) were added to fibroblast cultures derived from human synovial membranes. Other cultures were irradiated by a Picker x-ray machine. Fibroblast growth and hyaluronic acid production were measured. Radioactive gold and yttrium particles induced a significant increase of hyaluronic acid synthesis rate (pg/cell/day) and inhibited fibroblast growth. Fibroblasts continued to overproduce hyaluronic acid and to show growth inhibition 3 weeks after irradiation with radioactive gold. Hydrocortisone inhibited hyaluronic acid overproduction induced by radioactive gold. Overproduction of hyaluronic acid induced by the x-ray machine was ...

1977-01-01

330

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Inhibition of Immunoamphisomes in Dendritic Cells Impairs Early Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

SUMMARYDendritic cells (DCs) in mucosal surfaces are early targets for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). DCs mount rapid and robust immune responses upon pathogen encounter....Full Text Available

2010-05-28

331

High Glucose-Mediated Oxidative Stress Impairs Cell Migration  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Deficient wound healing in diabetic patients is very frequent, but the cellular and molecular causes are poorly defined. In this study, we evaluate the hypothesis that high glucose concentrations inhibit...Full Text Available

332

Granulocyte Stimulating Factor Attenuates Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury by Inhibiting Apoptosis in Neonatal Rats  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

PurposeThis study was undertaken to determine the neuroprotective effect of granulocyte stimulating factor (G-CSF) on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Materials...Full Text Available

2008-10-31

333

Genetic Evidence for Inhibition of Bacterial Division Protein FtsZ by Berberine  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundBerberine is a plant alkaloid that is widely used as an anti-infective in traditional medicine. Escherichia coli exposed to berberine form filaments, suggesting...Full Text Available

334

Fyn Is a Novel Target of (?)-Epigallocatechin Gallate in the Inhibition of JB6 Cl41 Cell Transformation  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The cancer preventive action of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), found in green tea, is strongly supported by epidemiology and laboratory research data. However, the mechanism by...Full Text Available

2008-03-01

335

Functional and Structural Analysis of a Key Region of the Cell Wall Inhibitor Moenomycin  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Moenomycin A (MmA) belongs to a family of natural products that inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis by binding to the peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (PGTs), the enzymes that make the glycan...Full Text Available

2010-07-16

336

Finasteride-Its Impact on Sexual Function and Prostate Cancer  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Finasteride, a specific and competitive inhibitor of 5α-reductase enzyme Type 2, inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In adults, DHT acts as primary androgen...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

337

Fabp7 Maps to a Quantitative Trait Locus for a Schizophrenia Endophenotype  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) are a biological marker for schizophrenia. To unravel the mechanisms that control PPI, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis on 1,010 F2 mice derived...Full Text Available

2007-11-01

338

Erratum to: Inhibition of triclabendazole metabolism in vitro by ketoconazole increases disruption to the tegument of a triclabendazole-resistant isolate of Fasciola hepatica  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A study has been carried out to investigate whether the action of triclabendazole (TCBZ) against Fasciola hepatica is altered by inhibition of drug metabolism. The cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) enzyme pathway was inhibited using ketoconazole (KTZ) to see whether a TCBZ-resistant isolate could be made more sensitive to TCBZ action. The Oberon TCBZ-resistant and Cullompton TCBZ-susceptible isolates were used for these experiments. The CYP 450 system was inhibited by a 2-h pre-incubation in ketoconazole (40??M), then incubated for a further 22?h in NCTC medium containing either KTZ, KTZ?+?nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (1?nM), KTZ?+?NADPH?+?TCBZ (15??g/ml), or KTZ?+?NADPH?+?triclabendazole sulphoxide (TCBZ.SO; 15??g/ml). Changes to fluke ultrastructure following drug treatmen...

2011-01-01

339

Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits HBV DNA synthesis in a viral replication - inducible cell line  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

AIM: To analyze the antiviral mechanism of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication.METHODS: In this research, the HBV-replicating cell line HepG2.117 was used...Full Text Available

2011-03-21

340

Ellman's-reagent-mediated regeneration of trypanothione in situ: substrate-economical microplate and time-dependent inhibition assays for trypanothione reductase.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Trypanothione reductase (TryR) is a key enzyme involved in the oxidative stress management of the Trypanosoma and Leishmania parasites, which helps to maintain an intracellular reducing environment...Full Text Available

2003-02-01

341

Effect of mineral compounds in phosphoric acid polluted by sulfide ions on corrosion of nickel  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The inhibiting effects of two mineral compounds on corrosion of nickel in phosphoric acid (H[sub 3]PO[sub 4]) polluted by sulfide ions (S[sup 2[minus

1999-06-01

342

Effect of Single-dose Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of Warfarin in Healthy Volunteers  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Based on in vitro rat and human hepatocyte uptake studies showing inhibition of warfarin uptake in the presence of the non-specific organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

343

Effect of 9-(2-Hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine on Herpesvirus-Induced Keratitis and Iritis in Rabbits  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Drugs used for the inhibition of DNA viruses, such as iododeoxyuridine, adenine arabinoside, or trifluorothymidine, are not biochemically selective in their action and also interfere with normal cellular...Full Text Available

1978-12-01

344

Does amiodarone affect heart rate by inhibiting the intracellular generation of triiodothyronine from thyroxine?  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The hypothesis that the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone slows down the heart rate by its inhibitory action on the intracellular conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3) was investigated....Full Text Available

1984-05-01

345

Differentiation of trophoblast stem cells into giant cells is triggered by p57/Kip2 inhibition of CDK1 activity  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Genome endoreduplication during mammalian development is a rare event for which the mechanism is unknown. It first appears when fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) deprivation induces differentiation...Full Text Available

2008-11-01

346

Differential effects of procaine and phenethyl alcohol on excision repair of DNA in u. v. -irradiated Escherichia coli  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experiments were performed to investigate the involvement of the cell membrane in the excision DNA repair process in Escherichia coli. Two membrane-binding drugs, procaine and phenethyl alcohol (PEA), inhibited liquid-holding recovery (LBR) in u.v.-irradiated E. coli wild-type and recA strains. In uvrB and polA strains where, after u.v.-irradiation, LHR was absent the two drugs had no effect. Both drugs markedly reduced the removal of u.v.-induced thymine dimers in the DNA of wild-type cells (H/r30). Analysis by alkaline sucrose gradients revealed that PEA inhibited the incision step in excision repair. In contrast, procaine had no effect on incision but apparently inhibited the late steps in excision repair. PEA dissociated DNA from the cell membrane, whereas procaine did not. The results suggest that the two drugs PEA and procaine inhibit LHR and the excision repair process operating on u.v.-induced ...

1986-12-01

347

Cytosolic Phosphofructokinase from Spinach Leaves 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cytosolic ATP-phosphofructokinase (PFK) from spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.) was inhibited by submillimolar concentrations of free Mg2+. The free Mg2+ concentration...Full Text Available

1989-08-01

348

Cryptococcus neoformans Mediator Protein Ssn8 Negatively Regulates Diverse Physiological Processes and Is Required for Virulence  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitously distributed human pathogen. It is also a model system for studying fungal virulence, physiology and differentiation. Light is known to inhibit...Full Text Available

349

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel by alkylimidazolium ionic liquids in hydrochloric acid  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The acid corrosion inhibition process of mild steel in 1 M HCl by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorides (BMIC) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BMIM]HSO{sub 4}) has been investigated using electrochemical impedance, potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss measurements. Potentiodynamic polarization studies indicate the studied inhibitors are mixed type inhibitors. For both inhibitors, the inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the concentration of the inhibitor and the effectiveness of the two inhibitors are in the order [BMIM]HSO{sub 4} > BMIC. The adsorption of the inhibitors on mild steel surface obeyed the Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior in the presence of 5 x 10{sup -3} M of inhibitors was studied in the temperature range of 303-333 K. The associated activation energy of corrosion and other thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy of ...

2009-02-15

350

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel by alkylimidazolium ionic liquids in hydrochloric acid  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The acid corrosion inhibition process of mild steel in 1 M HCl by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorides (BMIC) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BMIM]HSO_4) has been investigated using electrochemical impedance, potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss measurements. Potentiodynamic polarization studies indicate the studied inhibitors are mixed type inhibitors. For both inhibitors, the inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the concentration of the inhibitor and the effectiveness of the two inhibitors are in the order [BMIM]HSO_4 > BMIC. The adsorption of the inhibitors on mild steel surface obeyed the Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior in the presence of 5 x 10"-"3 M of inhibitors was studied in the temperature range of 303-333 K. The associated activation energy of corrosion and other thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy of activation (#DELTA#H), entropy of ...

2009-02-15

351

Conversion of Phenylalanine into Tyrosine by Portulaca Callus 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine and [1,6-14C]shikimic acid into tyrosine was investigated in the callus of Portulaca grandiflora, var. JR (L.). By inhibiting...Full Text Available

1981-08-01

352

Clarifying the Factors that Undermine Behavioral Inhibition System Functioning in Psychopathy  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Psychopathic individuals are generally unresponsive to motivational and emotional cues that facilitate behavioral regulation. A putative mechanism for this deficiency is Gray’s (1971)...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

353

Cholinesterases from Plant Tissues  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

2-Isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidine carboxylate methyl chloride (AMO-1618) inhibits the activity of a cholinesterase isolated from mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) roots...Full Text Available

1973-09-01

354

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia in mice. Induction by cyclophosphamide, inhibition by cyclosporine A, and modulation by dexamethasone.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We introduce cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia (CYP-IA) in C57BL-6 mice as a clinically relevant model for studying the biology of chemotherapy-induced alopecia and for developing anti-alopecia drugs....Full Text Available

1994-04-01

355

Characterization of Terfestatin A, a New Specific Inhibitor for Auxin Signaling1[w  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Terfestatin A (TrfA), terphenyl-β-glucoside, was isolated from Streptomyces sp. F40 in a forward screen for compounds that inhibit the expression of auxin-inducible...Full Text Available

2005-10-01

356

Cells navigate with a local-excitation, global-inhibition-biased excitable network  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cells have an internal compass that enables them to move along shallow chemical gradients. As amoeboid cells migrate, signaling events such as Ras and PI3K activation occur spontaneously on pseudopodia....Full Text Available

2010-10-05

357

Cell proliferation depends on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake: inhibition by salicylate  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ influx pathway involved in control of multiple cellular and physiological processes including cell proliferation. Recent evidence...Full Text Available

2006-02-15

358

Carbon Monoxide Protects against Ventilator-induced Lung Injury via PPAR-? and Inhibition of Egr-1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Rationale: Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) leads to an unacceptably high mortality. In this regard, the antiinflammatory properties of inhaled carbon monoxide (CO) may provide...Full Text Available

2008-06-01

359

CHRONIC ETHANOL FEEDING AFFECTS PROTEASOME INTERACTING PROTEINS  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Studies on alcoholic liver injury mechanisms show a significant inhibition of the proteasome activity. To investigate this phenomenon, we isolated proteasome complexes from the liver of rats...Full Text Available

2009-07-01

360

Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells Are Inhibited by a Non-Toxic Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonist  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundCancer stem cells (CSCs) have increased resistance to cancer chemotherapy. They can be enriched as drug-surviving CSCs (D-CSCs) by growth with chemotherapeutic drugs, and/or...Full Text Available

361

Both common and specialty mushrooms inhibit adhesion molecule expression and in vitro binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in a pro-inflammatory environment  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in the United States as well as globally. Epidemiological studies show that regular fruit and vegetable consumption...Full Text Available

362

Biotin binders selected from a random peptide library expressed on phage.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Recombinant biotin-binding phages were affinity-selected from a random peptide library expressed on the surface of filamentous phage. Phage binding to biotinylated proteins was half-maximally inhibited...Full Text Available

1993-08-01

363

Beneficial Effect of a Short-Acting NO Donor for the Prevention of Neointimal Hyperplasia  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Nitric oxide (NO)-based therapies effectively inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in animal models of arterial injury and bypass grafting, but are not available clinically. We created a simple, effective,...Full Text Available

2008-01-01

364

Auxin Transport Is Required for Hypocotyl Elongation in Light-Grown but Not Dark-Grown Arabidopsis1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Many auxin responses are dependent on redistribution and/or polar transport of indoleacetic acid. Polar transport of auxin can be inhibited through the application of phytotropins such as 1-naphthylphthalamic...Full Text Available

1998-02-01

365

Aspartate Carbamyltransferase 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Lovatt et al. (1979 Plant Physiol 64: 562-569) have previously demonstrated that end-product inhibition functions as a mechanism regulating the activity of the orotic acid pathway in...Full Text Available

1984-07-01

366

Apolipoprotein E-Mimetics Inhibit Neurodegeneration and Restore Cognitive Functions in a Transgenic Drosophila Model of Alzheimer's Disease  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundMutations of the amyloid precursor protein gene (APP) are found in familial forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and some lead to the elevated production...Full Text Available

367

Antifungal thiopeptide cyclothiazomycin B1 exhibits growth inhibition accompanying morphological changes via binding to fungal cell wall chitin  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Cyclothiazomycin B1 (CTB1) is an antifungal cyclic thiopeptide isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. HA 125-40. CTB1 inhibited the growth of several filamentous fungi including plant pathogens along with swelling of hyphae and spores. The antifungal activity of CTB1 was weakened by hyperosmotic conditions, and hyphae treated with CTB1 burst under hypoosmotic conditions, indicating increased cell wall fragility. CTB1-sensitive fungal species contain high levels of cell wall chitin and/or chitosan. Unlike nikkomycin Z, a competitive inhibitor of chitin synthase (CHS), CTB1 did not inhibit CHS activity. Although CTB1 inhibited CHS biosynthesis, the same result was also obtained with a non-specific proteins inhibitor, cycloheximide, which did not reduce cell wall rigidity. These ...

2011-01-01

368

Anti-inflammatory effects of liquiritigenin as a consequence of the inhibition of NF-?B-dependent iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines production  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background and purpose:Glycyrrhizae radix has been widely used as a cytoprotective, plant-derived medicine. We have identified a flavanoid, liquiritigenin, as an...Full Text Available

2008-05-01

369

Amorphigenin inhibits Osteoclast differentiation by suppressing c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Among the several rotenoids, amorphigenin is isolated from the leaves of Amopha Fruticosa and it is known that has anti-proliferative effects and anti-cnacer effects in many cell types....Full Text Available

2010-12-01

370

Acute Drug-Induced Hepatitis Caused by Albendazole  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Albendazole binds to parasite's tubulin inhibiting its glucose absorption. Its common adverse effects are nausea, vomiting, constipation, thirst, dizziness, headache, hair loss and pruritus. Although...Full Text Available

2008-10-01

371

Activated PPAR? Targets Surface and Intracellular Signals That Inhibit the Proliferation of Lung Carcinoma Cells  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Their discovery in the 1990s provided insights...Full Text Available

2008-01-01

372

AICAR inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3L1 and restores metabolic alterations in diet-induced obesity mice model  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundObesity is one of the principal causative factors involved in the development of metabolic syndrome. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that regulates...Full Text Available

373

A role of ygfZ in the Escherichia coli response to plumbagin challenge  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Plumbagin is found in many herbal plants and inhibits the growth of various bacteria. Escherichia coli strains are relatively resistant to this drug. The mechanism of resistance is...Full Text Available

374

A novel rat strain with enhanced sensitivity to the effects of dopamine agonists on startle gating  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundCompared to outbred Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, inbred Brown Norway (BN) rats exhibit less prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) at long prepulse intervals,...Full Text Available

2008-01-01

375

Pitting corrosion of zirconium and hafnium  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The initiation and inhibition of pitting corrosion on zirconium and hafnium in aqueous solutions have been investigated by potentiodynamic, potentiostatic and galvanostatic measurements at 25/sup 0/C. Effects of Cl/sup -/, Br/sup -/and I/sup -/ have been examined over a range of salt concentrations and pH. All three halide ions cause pitting attack on the two metals, but this may be inhibited by other anions. The results show that hafnium is more easily protected against pitting than is zirconium. The data are treated by the Butler-Volmer equation to yield more information about the mechanisms of the pitting corrosion.

1988-02-01

376

Dipyrone-induced changes in DNA repair and other cell membrane associated processes in Escherichia coli  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The analgesic, dipyrone (1,phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-5-pyrazolone-4-methylamino methane sulphonate sodium), at 20 mM concentration, inhibited the rejoining of single-strand scissions in DNA of Escherichia coli B/r cells induced by 20 krad gamma-radiation. The chemical altered the cell membrane structure as evidenced from the uptake of acriflavin, the efflux of potassium ions from the bacterial cells and the inhibition of alkaline phosphatase-a cell membrane associated enzyme. (author). 18 refs., 6 figures.

1982-09-01

377

Dipyrone-induced changes in DNA repair and other cell membrane associated processes in Escherichia coli  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The analgesic, dipyrone (1,phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-5-pyrazolone-4-methylamino methane sulphonate sodium), at 20 mM concentration, inhibited the rejoining of single-strand scissions in DNA of Escherichia coli B/r cells induced by 20 krad gamma-radiation. The chemical altered the cell membrane structure as evidenced from the uptake of acriflavin, the efflux of potassium ions from the bacterial cells and the inhibition of alkaline phosphatase-a cell membrane associated enzyme. (author).

378

Transcription regulation of the vegf gene by the BMP/Smad pathway in the angioblast of zebrafish embryos  

Science.gov (United States)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a mitogen that is critically involved in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and hematopoiesis. However, what and how transcription factors participate in the regulation of vegf gene expression are not fully understood. Here we report the cloning and sequencing of the zebrafish vegf promoter which revealed that the promoter contains a number of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-activated Smad binding elements (SBE), implicating Smad1 and Smad5 in the regulation of BMP-induced expression of vegf. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays of adding recombinant Smad proteins to the SBE-containing DNA oligonucleotides that represent portions of zebrafish vegf promoter resulted in mobility shift of the oligonucleotides. These changes demonstrate potential interactions between Smad1/5 and the vegf promoter. Reporter activity assays using the wild-type or SBE-deleted vegf ...

2005-04-01

379

Rapid inhibition of vasoconstriction in renal afferent arterioles by aldosterone  

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aldosterone has been suggested to elicit vessel contraction via a nongenomic mechanism. We tested this proposal in microdissected, perfused rabbit renal afferent arterioles. Aldosterone had no effect on internal diameter in concentrations from 10(-10) to 10(-5) mol/L, but aldosterone abolished the ability of 100 mmol/L KCl to induce vascular contraction. The inhibitory effect of aldosterone was observed from 1 pmol/L. The inhibitory effect was significant after 5 minutes and maximal after 20 minutes and was fully reversible. Actinomycin D (10(-6) mol/L) prolonged the effect of aldosterone. The effect was abolished by the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone (10(-7) mol/L) but not by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone (10(-6) mol/L). The K+-mediated increase of intracellular calcium concentration in afferent arterioles was not affected by aldosterone. Mineralocorticoid receptor was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and ...

2003-01-01

380

Helminthosporium maydis T toxin decreased calcium transport into mitochondria of susceptible corn  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effects of purified Helminthosporium maydis T (HmT) toxin on active Ca/sup 2 +/ transport into isolated mitochondria and microsomal vesicles were compared for a susceptible (T) and a resistant (N) strain of corn (Zea mays). ATP, malate, NADH, or succinate could drive /sup 45/Ca/sup 2 +/ transport into mitochondria of corn roots. Ca/sup 2 +/ uptake was dependent on the proton electrochemical gradient generated by the redox substrates or the reversible ATP synthetase, as oligomycin inhibited ATP-driven CA/sup 2 +/ uptake while KCN inhibited transport driven by the redox substrates. Purified native HmT toxin completely inhibited Ca/sup 2 +/ transport into T mitochondria at 5 to 10 nanograms per milliliter while transport into N mitochondria was decreased slightly by 100 nanograms per milliliter toxin. Malate-driven Ca/sup 2 +/ transport in T mitochondria was frequently more inhibited by 5 nanograms per ...

1984-04-01

381

Lightweight electric-powered vehicles. Which financial incentives after the large-scale field tests at Mendrisio?  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

How should lightweight electric-powered vehicles be promoted, after the large-scale fleet test being conducted at Mendrisio (southern Switzerland) is completed in 2001, and are there reasons to put question marks behind the current approach? The demand for electric vehicles, and particularly the one in the automobile category, has remained at a persistently low level. As it proved, any appreciable improvement of this situation is almost impossible, even with substantial financial incentives. However, the unsatisfactory sales figures have little to do with the nature of the fleet test itself or with the specific conditions at Mendrisio. The problem is rather of structural nature. For (battery-operated) electric cars the main problem at present is the lack of an expanding market which could become self-supporting with only a few additional incentives. Various strategies have been evaluated. Two alternatives were considered in particular: a strategy to ...

382

HEALTH POLICY INTERVENTION IN SCHOOLS PROMOTE PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AMONG THE PUPILS  

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Now, more than ever, there are serious health concerns for obese and overweight children. Schools are the perfect setting for children to learn, and this influence can play an important role in preventing children from becoming obese and overweight. The study concerns the behaviors of Health Promoting School (HPS) according to a broad definition of HPS in World Health Organization (WHO), or dependent on schools own health promoting policies. The purpose of study research is to examine whether promoting physical activity among the children at schools in relation to a school health policy such as Food and Nutrition Policy (FNP). This was determined through the comparisons between the FNP based schools and non policy based schools. The study undertook surveys among school food coordinators in the selected Danish primary schools through a web-based questionnaire. The questions in the survey were more focused on physical ...

383

Small-molecule screen identifies inhibitors of a human intestinal calcium-activated chloride channel.  

Science.gov (United States)

Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) are widely expressed in mammalian tissues, including intestinal epithelia, where they facilitate fluid secretion. Potent, selective CaCC inhibitors have not been available. We established a high-throughput screen for identification of inhibitors of a human intestinal CaCC based on inhibition of ATP/carbachol-stimulated iodide influx in HT-29 cells after lentiviral infection with the yellow fluorescent halide-sensing protein YFP-H148Q/I152L. Screening of 50,000 diverse, drug-like compounds yielded six classes of putative CaCC inhibitors, two of which, 3-acyl-2-aminothiophenes and 5-aryl-2-aminothiazoles, inhibited by >95% iodide influx in HT-29 cells in response to multiple calcium-elevating agonists, including thapsigargin, without inhibition of calcium elevation, calcium-calmodulin kinase II activation, or cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channels. ...

2007-12-14

384

Improved therapeutic efficacy against murine carcinoma by combining honokiol with gene therapy of PNAS-4, a novel pro-apoptotic gene.  

Science.gov (United States)

PNAS-4, a novel pro-apoptotic gene activated during the early response to DNA damage, can inhibit proliferation via apoptosis when overexpressed in some tumor cells. Recent studies have indicated that honokiol can induce apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis, and suppress tumor growth. In the present study, we investigated whether mouse PNAS-4 (mPNAS-4) could augment the apoptosis of tumor cells induced by honokiol in vitro, and whether the antiangiogenic activity of honokiol and induction of apoptosis by mPNAS-4 could work cooperatively to improve the antitumor efficacy in vivo. In vitro, mPNAS-4 inhibited proliferation of murine colorectal carcinoma CT26 and Lewis lung carcinoma LL2 cells through induction of apoptosis, and significantly augmented the apoptosis of CT26 and LL2 cells induced by honokiol. Compared with treatment with mPNAS-4 or honokiol alone, in vivo systemic administration of an expression plasmid encoding ...

2009-06-04

385

Trans-activation of the JC virus late promoter by the tat protein of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus in glial cells  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by the JC virus (JCV), a human papovavirus. PML is a relatively rare disease seen predominantly in immunocompromised individuals and is a frequent complication observed in AIDS patients. The significantly higher incidence of PML in AIDS patients than in other immunosuppressive disorders has suggested that the presence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the brain may directly or indirectly contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. In the present study the authors have examined the expression of the JCV genome in both glial and non-glial cells in the presence of HIV-1 regulatory proteins. They find that the HIV-1-encoded trans-regulatory protein tat increases the basal activity of the JCV late promoter, JCV{sub L}, in glial cells. They conclude that the presence of the HIV-1-encoded tat protein may positively affect the JCV lytic cycle ...

1990-05-01

386

Today`s issues and future scopes concerning recycle of plastic articles; Plastic recycle mondai no genjo to shorai tenbo  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For reduction of the amount of waste plastics, the paper summarized the actual recycling state and the present recycling technology in Japan. A total plastic discharge amount of Japan in 1995 is 8.84 million tons, approximately 60% of all the production amount, 950,000 tons of which are recycled. Reutilized are pallets and containers in the physical distribution field. Recycling is a cascade recycling to the usage field where the degree of the required properties is lower than that of products used in virgin. As to making it a chemical material, chemical recycling technology by depolymerization has been developed. Thermal recycling is a strong method where combustion heat energy of waste plastics is used for steam production and power generation. The thermal recycling is divided into a direct combustion method and a method of use as fuel. Keys to promote and settle recycling are summarized to the following five: promotion of the government ...

1997-10-10

387

Study on wavelength shortening and upgrading of the free electron laser (FEL)  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study is a task of ''Comprehensive study'' in ''nuclear energy basic technology research'', which is promoted under cooperation of four research institutes. The Electrotechnical Laboratory conducted, in 1991 in the first period of colaboration, on successful oscillation at visible region (598 nm) as the first case in Japan, construction of small type accumulation ring NIJI-IV for FEL, successful oscillation of visible range from 595 to 488 nm by installing optical krystron with maximum frequency in the world, and successful emittance lowering of accumulation beam by wide improvement of the ring. In the optical resonator, studies on minute loss measuring technique and on recovery from mirror deterioration were promoted. In the second period started from fiscal year of 1994, studies on FEL oscillation technique in short wavelength and upgrading of FEL corresponding to a frontier area were started, to succeed an oscillation experiment at 350 ...

388

Functional expression of anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS2 antigen scFv by cspA promoter system in Escherichia coli and application as a recognition molecule for single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) field effect transistor (FET)  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The preS2 antigens of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which causes a serious health problem in the world, have been implicated in hepatocyte cell binding and viral penetration. Therefore, the importance of antibody production against preS2 antigen for early diagnosis of HBV has been well established. In this study, the recombinant HBV preS2 single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody was successfully expressed in E. coli with the novel cold shock vector (pCold) under the cspA promoter, and its expression level was compared with the pET vector under the T7 promoter. Additionally, a host with an oxidizing cytoplasm, E. coli trxB/gor double mutant, was used to improve the soluble expression. The anti-HBV preS2 scFv using pCold vector was successfully expressed in a soluble and functional form in ...

2010-01-01

389

Effects of Mo, Cr, and V Additions on Tensile and Charpy Impact Properties of API X80 Pipeline Steels  

Science.gov (United States)

In this study, four API X80 pipeline steels were fabricated by varying Mo, Cr, and V additions, and their microstructures and crystallographic orientations were analyzed to investigate the effects of their alloying compositions on tensile properties and Charpy impact properties. Because additions of Mo and V promoted the formation of fine acicular ferrite (AF) and granular bainite (GB) while prohibiting the formation of coarse GB, they increased the strength and upper-shelf energy (USE) and decreased the energy transition temperature (ETT). The addition of Cr promoted the formation of coarse GB and hard secondary phases, thereby leading to an increased effective grain size, ETT, and strength, and a decreased USE. The addition of V resulted in a higher strength, a higher USE, a smaller effective grain size, and a lower ETT, because it promoted the formation of fine and homogeneous of AF and GB. The steel that contains 0.3 wt ...

2009-08-01

390

Changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels induced by cytokines and P2 agonists differentially modulate proliferation or commitment with macrophage differentiation in murine hematopoietic cells.  

Science.gov (United States)

The role of intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) on hematopoiesis was investigated in long term bone marrow cultures using cytokines and agonists of P2 receptors. Cytokines interleukin 3 and granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulator factor promoted a modest increase in Ca2+i concentration ([Ca2+]i) with activation of phospholipase Cgamma, MEK1/2, and Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II. Involvement of protein kinase C was restricted to stimulation with interleukin 3. In addition, these cytokines promoted proliferation (20 times) and an increase in the Gr-1(-)Mac-1+ population with participation of gap junctions (GJ). Nevertheless ATP, ADP, and UTP promoted a large increase in [Ca2+]i, moderate proliferation (6 times), a reduction in the primitive Gr-1(-)Mac-1(-)c-Kit+ population, and differentiation into macrophages without participation of GJ. It is likely that Ca2+i participates as a regulator of hematopoietic signaling: moderate increases in ...

2008-09-05

391

The comparative effects of oil dispersants and oil/dispersant conjugates on germination of the marine macroalga Phyllospora comosa (Fucales: Phaeophyta)  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Germination inhibition of the marine macrophyte Phyllospora comosa was utilized as a sub-lethal end-point to assess and compare the effects of four oil dispersants and dispersed diesel fuel and crude oil combinations. Inhibition of germination by the water-soluble fraction of diesel fuel increased following the addition of each of the dispersants; the nominal 48-h EC{sub 50} concentration of diesel fuel declined from 6800 to approximately 400 {mu}l 1{sup -1} nominal for each dispersed combination. This contrasted with crude oil, where the addition of two dispersants resulted in an enhanced germination rate and an increase in nominal EC{sub 50} concentrations from 130 {mu}l 1{sup -1} for the undispersed crude to 4000 and 2500 {mu}l 1{sup -1}. The results indicate that, while germination inhibition of P. comosa may be enhanced by the chemical dispersal of oil response varies with type of both oil and oil dispersant. (author)

1995-04-01

392

Negative regulation of {beta}-catenin/Tcf signaling by naringenin in AGS gastric cancer cell  

Science.gov (United States)

Functional activation of {beta}-catenin/Tcf signaling plays an important role in early events in carcinogenesis. We examined the effect of naringenin against {beta}-catenin/Tcf signaling in gastric cancer cells. Reporter gene assay showed that naringenin inhibited {beta}-catenin/Tcf signaling efficiently. In addition, the inhibition of {beta}-catenin/Tcf signaling by naringenin in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with constitutively mutant {beta}-catenin gene, whose product is not phosphorylated by GSK3{beta}, indicates that its inhibitory mechanism was related to {beta}-catenin itself or downstream components. To investigate the precise inhibitory mechanism, we performed immunofluorescence, Western blot, and EMSA. As a result, our data revealed that the {beta}-catenin distribution and the levels of nuclear {beta}-catenin and Tcf-4 proteins were unchanged after naringenin treatment. Moreover, the binding activities of Tcf complexes to ...

2005-09-30

393

Morusin induces apoptosis and suppresses NF-#kappa#B activity in human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morusin is a pure compound isolated from root bark of Morusaustralis (Moraceae). In this study, we demonstrated that morusin significantly inhibited the growth and clonogenicity of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells. Apoptosis induced by morusin was characterized by accumulation of cells at the sub-G_1 phase, fragmentation of DNA, and condensation of chromatin. Morusin also inhibited the phosphorylation of IKK-#alpha#, IKK-#beta# and I#kappa#B-#alpha#, increased expression of I#kappa#B-#alpha#, and suppressed nuclear translocation of NF-#kappa#B and its DNA binding activity. Dephosphorylation of NF-#kappa#B upstream regulators PI3K, Akt and PDK1 was also displayed. In addition, activation of caspase-8, change of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO, and activation of caspase-9 and -3 were observed at the early time point. Downregulation in the expression of Ku70 and XIAP was exhibited afterward. Caspase-8 ...

2008-07-18

394

Metal cation inhibitors for controlling denting corrosion in steam generators. Final report. [PWR  

Science.gov (United States)

Metal cations of arsenic, antimony, tin, manganese, zinc, cadmium, indium, and thallium have been evaluated in a preliminary way as possible3 inhibitors for controlling denting corrision observed in steam generators used with pressurized water reactors (PWR). The rationale for this approach was based upon the well-known inhibition effects of metal cations on corrosion rates in electrolyte/metal systems. A review of corrosion inhibition by metal cations (H. Leidheiser, Jr., Corrosion 36, 339 (1982)) has identified eleven inhibition mechanisms. The major test methods used for this evaluation were: (1) Isothermal capsule tests of carbon/steel/Inconel 600 tube bulging rates at temperatures up to 288/sup 0/C in seawater/copper-nickel chloride bulge-accelerating solutions. (2) Immersion weight-loss tests of steel coupled to Inconel 600 in boiling (102/sup 0/C) 3% sodium chloride solutions. In addition, electrochemical measuremens ...

1982-12-01

395

In situ studies of imidazole and its derivatives as copper corrosion inhibitors. I. Activation energies and thermodynamics of adsorption  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this work was to investigate the efficiency of imidazole and its derivatives 4-methylimidazone, 4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazone, 1-phenyl-4-methylimidazone, and 1-(p-tolyl)-4-methylimidazole for corrosion inhibition of copper in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. Corrosion inhibition was studied using potentiodynamic methods. These studies have shown that 1-(p-tolyl)-4-methylimidazole has the best inhibitory efficiency. Activation energies were obtained by measuring the temperature dependence of the corrosion current. The activation energies in the presence of the various inhibitors are low (3--5 kJ/mol), with the best inhibitor showing the highest value. The adsorptive behavior of the imidazole derivatives on the copper electrode surface follows a Freundlich-type isotherm. The standard free energies of adsorption are also low (14--16 kJ/mol), indicating that imidazole and its derivatives physisorb on the copper surface. Possible ...

2000-02-01

396

In situ and ex situ studies of imidazole and its derivatives as copper corrosion inhibitors. 2. AC impedance, XPS, and SIMS studies  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this work was to investigate the efficiency of imidazole derivatives for corrosion inhibition of copper in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. Corrosion inhibition was studied using impedance spectroscopy. Imidazole and its derivatives 4-methylimida-zole, 4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, 1-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-(p-tolyl)-4-methylimidazole were investigated. These studies have shown that 1-(p-tolyl)-4-methylimidazole is the best inhibitor in this series and that it acts as mixed inhibitor. The nature of the chemical interaction between these molecules and the copper surface was investigated by Cu exposed to solutions having two very different pH values: 0.5 M HCl and unbuffered purified water. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry were used to explore the nature of the interaction. Possible mechanisms of corrosion inhibition for these molecules are discussed.

2000-03-01

397

Comparison of in vitro disc diffusion and time kill-kinetic assays for the evaluation of antimicrobial wound dressing efficacy.  

Science.gov (United States)

There is a plethora of new silver-containing dressings on the market today. Various manufacturers attempt to show that their dressings are the most efficacious and therefore should be preferentially employed by health care workers based on the results of their in vitro tests. However, there have been no studies that clearly identify which tests are appropriate for comparison purposes. The purpose of this study was to determine which in vitro test is most appropriate for evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy of silver-containing dressings. This was done by testing seven silver-containing dressings and two non-silver-containing topical agents against 17 clinically relevant microorganisms using zone of inhibition assays and time-kill kinetic assays in complex media. The results for the two assays were then correlated to determine whether the methods generated similar results. It was determined that the two methods do not correlate at all. This is most likely a result ...

398

Assessment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, ErbB1) and HER2 (ErbB2) protein expression levels and response to lapatinib (Tykerb, GW572016) in an expanded panel of human normal and tumour cell lines  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract. Objective: Lapatinib (Tykerb, GW572016), a potent inhibitor of the catalytic activities of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) (ErbB2), inhibits population growth of selected EGFR and HER2 overexpressing cell lines. Previous studies with a small number of cell lines suggest a correlation between overexpression of EGFR and/or HER2 and sensitivity to growth inhibition by lapatinib; however, the precise determinants of lapatinib selectivity for tumour and/or other cells remain unclear. Materials and methods: To clarify the determinants of its selectivity in cultured cells, lapatinib-induced cell population growth inhibition and relative EGFR and HER2 protein expression were quantified in 61 different human tumour cell lines fro...

2007-01-01

399

Artesunate in combination with oxacillin protect sepsis model mice challenged with lethal live methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) via its inhibition on proinflammatory cytokines release and enhancement on antibacterial activity of oxacillin  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Sepsis induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has worse outcome because of multiresistance to a large group of antibiotics, which may lead to death from septic shock. In the present study, we firstly found that artesunate in combination with oxacillin was capable of protecting mice challenged with live MRSA WHO-2 (WHO-2) and the protection was related to the reduced TNF-a and IL-6 levels and decreased bacterial load. Based on above results, artesunate was further investigated from two aspects in vitro, anti-inflammation effect and antibacterial enhancement effect on antibiotics. Artesunate not only inhibited TNF-a and IL-6 release but also inhibited mRNA and protein expressions of TLR2 and Nod2, two important receptors, in murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated wit...

2011-01-01

400

A low temperature synthesized NbC as grain growth inhibitor for WC-Co composites  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Niobium carbide can be used to inhibit WC grain growth in hardmetal. The performance of a NbC powder produced at low temperature by solid-gas reaction (an experimental powder) as WC grain growth inhibitor is compared with that of a commercial NbC powder. It is verified that NbC effectively inhibits heterogeneous WC coarsening. This results in an increase in hardness. The commercial and experimental NbC powders exhibit a comparable performance in inhibiting the WC grain coarsening, in spite of a significant difference in particle size and shape. The commercial NbC powder is very fine while the experimental one is coarse and porous, but its crystallites are finer than those of the commercial product. The milling procedure used to prepare the alloys is able to reduce the particle size of the experimental NbC, and thus guarantee a dispersion of the particles with a quality level comparable to that found for the alloy prepared ...

2000-11-30

401

Wnt/b-catenin signal pathway stabilizes APP intracellular domain (AICD) and promotes its transcriptional activity  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Amyloid precursor protein (APP), a key protein in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a type I transmembrane protein which can be cleaved by b- and g-secretase to release the amyloidogenic b-amyloid peptides (Ab) and the APP intracellular domain (AICD). While Ab has been widely believed to initiate pathogenic cascades culminating AD, the physiological functions and regulations of AICD remain elusive. In present study, endogenous AICD was demonstrated to be increased by canonical Wnt signal. Instead of due to g-secretase activity, enhanced AICD expression was found due to the increased protein stability by Wnt/b-catenin. b-Catenin was demonstrated to be an associating partner of AICD, capable of promoting AICD mediated transcriptional activity. Investigation by AICD mutants proved ...

2011-01-01

402

The effect of sodium on the MoO sub 3 -SiO sub 2 -catalyzed partial oxidation of methane  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of sodium on the partial oxidation of methane over MoO{sub 3}-SiO{sub 2} in the presence of molecular oxygen has been investigated. As in the sodium-free case, the major products are formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. Kinetic analysis indicates that methane is directly oxidized to formaldehyde and carbon dioxide. Formaldehyde is oxidized to carbon monoxide, which is itself further oxidized, providing an alternative route to carbon dioxide. The kinetic model shows that sodium poisons the direct oxidation of methane to formaldehyde and carbon dioxide, but promotes the oxidation of formaldehyde and carbon monoxide. Model predictions of rates and selectivities are in good agreement with the experimental data. A mechanism that explains both the poisoning and promotion effects of sodium on MoO{sub 3}-SiO{sub 2} is proposed.

1990-12-01

403

Supporting children's mental health in schools: teacher views  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Schools have increasingly been targeted as appropriate sites for mental health promotion and teachers are considered well placed to identify issues concerning students' social and emotional well-being. Whilst teachers are now expected to be responsive to a wide range of student needs and circumstances, they receive little in their pre-service and subsequent teacher education to adequately prepare them for such realities. This paper reports the findings of a study that investigated teacher perspectives on student mental health and mental health education, including their sense of self-efficacy in relation to promoting and supporting children's mental well-being in schools. These findings highlight a complex interplay between teachers' constructions of 'mental health', the importance they pl...

2011-01-01

404

Social-ecological science in the humane metropolis  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The Humane metropolis is a rubric to summarize and promote environmental and social quality in contemporary urban mosaics. Because cities, suburbs, and exurbs, as spatially extensive and connected socio-ecological systems, exhibit many negative features, the humane metropolis identifies a strategy to combat the ills and instill more positive and sustainable features and processes in urban systems. Because the humane metropolis as a program has arisen primarily from social motivations, there is the opportunity to articulate more explicitly the role that science can play in addressing the humane metropolis program and evaluating its success. A humane metropolis can be summarized as one that 1) protects and restores ecological services in cities and suburbs, 2) promotes physical and mental he...

2011-01-01

405

Simulation of the filtration mechanism of hyaluronic acid in total knee prosthesis  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear in current knee prosthesis causes prosthesis loosening after no more than 15 years. In this work, a steady state one-dimensional lubrication model with non- Newtonian fluid, porous elastic layer on tibial component, ultra-filtration mechanism of fluid and some features of the surface roughness is studied through a numerical technique based on the Finite Element Method. The results show that the UHMWPE stiffness makes difficult the lubrication mechanism of the artificial joint and promotes abrasive and fatigue wear. Nevertheless, the use of compliant porous materials on the tibial component could reduce friction and wear. Moreover, the ultra-filtration mechanism promotes efficiency on the joint.

2007-11-15

406

Promoting Sustainable Community Change in Support of Older Adult Physical Activity: Evaluation Findings from the Southeast Seattle Senior Physical Activity Network (SESPAN)  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Researchers have identified as effective and worthy of broader dissemination a variety of intervention strategies to promote physical activity among older adults. This paper reports results of a community-organizing approach to disseminating evidence-based interventions in a sustainable way: The Southeast Seattle Senior Physical Activity Network (SESPAN). SESPAN was implemented in Southeast Seattle, a group of multicultural neighborhoods extending 8?miles southeast of downtown Seattle, with a population of 56,469 in 2000, with 12% (7,041) aged 65 and older. The SESPAN organizing strategy involved networking to: (1) make connections between two or more community organizations to create new senior physical activity programs; and (2) build coalitions of community groups and organizations to a...

2010-01-01

407

Policies to promote sustainable consumption: Innovative approaches in Europe  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Policy-makers are increasingly recognising that the promotion of more sustainable consumption patterns is an indispensable prerequisite for achieving sustainable development in the long term. Policy documents and action plans have been published, and a wide array of policy instruments has been implemented with the aim of reducing the environmental and social burdens of consuming goods and services. But what are the latest trends and innovative approaches in sustainable consumption (SC) policies? What could be learnt for future policy-making? Based on an overview of European policy instruments and several case studies, the paper discusses instructive examples of SC policy instruments, in particular the Danish information campaign "One Tonne Less", the Dutch tax incentive scheme "Gr...

2010-01-01

408

Late Entry in Swedish Tertiary Education: Can the Opportunity of Lifelong Learning Promote Equality Over the Life Course?  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract In this article, I investigate the relation between economic inequality and the decision to take up studies at the tertiary level late in life. Who exactly decides to enrol? Is it advantaged or disadvantaged groups in terms of current earnings rank, occupation, unemployment experience and social origin? Using unique register data of university applications and discrete time hazard regression models, the results show the likelihood of a late entry to be especially high for individuals who are disadvantaged to a moderate extent in terms of current earnings rank and also with some unemployment experience. Class differences in the transition to tertiary education decline with age. This suggests, with a moderate amount of simplification, that lifelong learning tends to promote both int...

2011-01-01

409

From waste prevention to promotion of material efficiency: change of discourse in the waste policy of Finland  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This article analyses the process of preparing the proposal for a new Finnish National Waste Plan (NWP 2007-2016). The focus of this study is on the use of the alternative concepts of waste prevention or material efficiency and on the shift in discourse from the former to the latter concept. The strengths and weaknesses of these competing concepts were analysed using criteria such as synergy, semantic aspects, legal context and applicability to monitoring. The discourse presented by different stakeholder groups was analysed. The implications of choosing either of the concepts were illustrated. The author concludes that waste prevention can be promoted just as well, or even better from the perspective of improving material efficiency. The concept must be complemented by policy instruments w...

2009-01-01

410

Chronic sympathetic activation promotes downregulation of ?-adrenoceptor-mediated effects in the guinea pig heart independently of structural remodeling and systolic dysfunction  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

It is uncertain if downregulation of ?-adrenoceptor signaling pathway is promoted by an enhanced adrenergic tone at an early stage of cardiac disease, or it develops secondary to detrimental local myocardial changes in advanced heart failure. We examined the integrity of ?-adrenoceptor signaling pathway upon chronic infusion of isoproterenol, a ?-adrenoceptor agonist, at a dose producing no structural left ventricular (LV) remodeling and systolic dysfunction. Subcutaneous isoproterenol infusion (400??g?kg?1?h?1 over 16?days) to guinea pigs using osmotic minipumps produced no change in cardiac weights, LV internal dimensions, myocyte cross-sectional area, extent of interstitial fibrosis, and basal contractile function. Isolated, perfused heart preparations from isoproterenol-treated guinea ...

2011-01-01

411

Business-Government Relations and Industrial Change: The Politics of Upgrading in Morocco and Tunisia  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

SummaryProcesses of upgrading and the promotion of industrial "clusters," which encompass multiple policies, institutions, and actors, necessarily vary from place to place. Based on the evidence from Morocco and Tunisia, this article contends that different patterns of business-government relations facilitate different elements of industrial upgrading and cluster promotion. State-dominated political economies may be more amenable to implementing macroeconomic and infrastructure-related measures, which are critical in the initial stages of upgrading. Political economies with more organized business communities may be better equipped to pursue the kinds of inter-firm linkages traditionally associated with later phases of upgrading, when the focus is on boosting innovation.

2007-01-01

412

Amphiphilic Polyanhydride Films Promote Neural Stem Cell Adhesion and Differentiation  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Several challenges currently exist for rational design of functional tissue engineering constructs within the host, which include appropriate cellular integration, avoidance of bacterial infections, and low inflammatory stimulation. This work describes a novel class of biodegradable, amphiphilic polyanhydrides with many desirable protein-material and cell-material attributes capable of confronting these challenges. The biocompatible amphiphilic polymer films were shown to release laminin in a stable and controlled manner, promote neural cell adhesion and differentiation, and evade inflammatory responses of the immune system. Using high-throughput approaches, it was shown that polymer chemistry plays an integral role in controlling cell?film interactions, which suggests that these polyanhyd...

2011-01-01

413

pH and iodide ion effect on corrosion inhibition of histidine self-assembled monolayer on copper  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of histidine (His) was prepared on copper surface at various pH values. The effect of KI additives on corrosion protection efficiency of His SAM was also studied. The protection abilities of these films against copper corrosion in 0.5 M HCl aqueous solution were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization techniques. The results show that the film formed on the electrode is more stable at pH = 10 than that at other pH values. When the iodide ions were added into the His self-assembly solution (pH = 10), protection efficiency was further improved. The inhibition mechanism has been discussed by quantum chemical calculations.

2010-03-01

414

The kinetic model of the shikimate pathway as a tool to optimize enzyme assays for high-throughput screening.  

Science.gov (United States)

Four-enzyme section of the shikimate pathway (Aro B, D, E, and K) of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been studied. Kinetic properties of the individual enzymes and three- and four-enzyme linked reactions have been characterized in vitro. On the basis of the data measured in spectrophotometric and LC-MS experiments, kinetic mechanisms of the enzymes have been suggested and all kinetic parameters have been identified. Kinetic models for these three- and four-enzyme sections of the shikimate pathway have been constructed and validated. The model of the four-enzyme section of shikimate pathway has been employed to design an inhibition-sensitive reconstituted pathway for a high-throughput screening effort on the shikimate pathway. It was demonstrated that using the model it was possible to optimize this reconstituted pathway in such a way to provide equal sensitivity of the enzymes to inhibition. PMID:16921527

2006-11-01

415

The effect of extraction temperature, time and number of steps on the antioxidant capacity of methanolic banana peel extracts  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A solvent extraction method was developed to obtain methanolic extracts rich in antioxidants from banana peel. Central composite design ''2^3+star'' and response surface methodology were used in order to optimise the number of extraction steps, extraction temperature and extraction time. The number of extractions was statistically the most significant factor in scavenging activity against both DPPH? and ABTS?^+ radicals and in the inhibition of TBARS formation, while the extraction temperature had an important impact on the capacity to prevent b-carotene bleaching. However, the effect of the extraction time on antioxidant activity was less important. The optimum values of the factors that influence the capacity to scavenge DPPH? and ABTS?^+ radicals or to inhibit b-carotene bleaching were ...

2010-01-01

416

Sulfation of chitosan oligomers enhances their anti-adipogenic effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Inhibition of adipogenesis and lipid accumulation has a very crucial role to prevent obesity. Low molecular weight (LMW) chitosan is known to inhibit fat accumulation and adipogenesis. (N,O)-sulfated chitosan is a sulfation derivative of chitosan oligomers, and its anti-obesity effect is not yet reported. In this study, it has been reported that (N,O)-sulfated chitosan significantly decreased lipid accumulation, an indicator for adipogenesis, in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. Furthermore, mRNA expressions and protein levels of key adipogenic markers such as peroxisome prolifetor-activated receptor (PPAR)-@c and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-@a were considerably decreased by (N,O)-sulfated chitosan treatment. As a consequence, sulfation of LMWC remarkably increased its ...

2011-01-01

417

Some sulfonamide drugs inhibit ATPase activity of heat shock protein 90: investigation by docking simulation and experimental validation  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Eight selected sulfonamide drugs were investigated as inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). The investigation included simulated docking experiments to fit the selected compounds within the binding pocket of Hsp90. The selected molecules were found to readily fit within the ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90 in low-energy poses. The sulfonamides torsemide, sulfathiazole, and sulfadiazine were found to inhibit the ATPase activity of Hsp90 with IC50 values of 1.0, 2.6, and 1.5 mM, respectively. Our results suggest that these well-established sulfonamides can be good leads for subsequent optimization into potent Hsp90 inhibitors.

2011-01-01

418

Sodium gluconate as corrosion and scale inhibitor of ordinary steel in simulated cooling water  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of sodium gluconate anion (SG) on the corrosion and scale inhibition of ordinary steel in simulated cooling water has been studied using weight loss, polarisation curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. SG was studied in concentration from 10{sup -4} M to 10{sup -1} M. Results obtained reveal that SG perform excellently as corrosion and scaling inhibitor for ordinary steel in simulated cooling water. An increase of SG concentration leads to the increase of the corrosion potential towards the positive direction. The inhibition efficiency was a low temperature dependence. The inhibitor mechanism was treated as an adsorption process according to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The SEM/EDAX data show that was a corrosion and scale inhibitor.

2008-06-15

419

Sodium gluconate as corrosion and scale inhibitor of ordinary steel in simulated cooling water  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of sodium gluconate anion (SG) on the corrosion and scale inhibition of ordinary steel in simulated cooling water has been studied using weight loss, polarisation curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. SG was studied in concentration from 10-4M to 10-1M. Results obtained reveal that SG perform excellently as corrosion and scaling inhibitor for ordinary steel in simulated cooling water. An increase of SG concentration leads to the increase of the corrosion potential towards the positive direction. The inhibition efficiency was a low temperature dependence. The inhibitor mechanism was treated as an adsorption process according to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The SEM/EDAX data show that was a corrosion and scale inhi...

2008-01-01

420

Self-inhibited rate in gas-solid noncatalytic reactions. The shrinking core model  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The shrinking core model is examined for gas-solid noncatalytic reactions with a self-inhibited rate form and it is shown that multiple reaction pathways are possible for solid particles reacted under identical conditions. The observed reaction rate can have up to two discontinuities (jumps) during reaction for particles of spherical and cylindrical shape. The geometric instability analysis reveals that the reaction interface is stable under a very limited set of conditions only for solid particles of slab geometry. For a sphere or cylinder at large Biot numbers the reaction interface is always potentially unstable. This model provides a plausible explanation for gas-solid reactions which exhibit erratic shrinking core behavior.

1984-02-01

421

Pilot testing of sodium thiosulfate for oxidation/scaling inhibition in lime/limestone flue gas desulfurization systems  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pilot plant tests have been conducted to evaluate sodium thiosulfate as an oxidation inhibition additive in five lime/limestone slurry flue gas desulfurization processes. It was found that the oxidation rate of absorbed sulfur dioxide (SO/sub 2/) was reduced by more than 50 percent in the presence of 100 to 200 ppm of thiosulfate ion in the scrubbing slurry. Calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) scaling was eliminated and the unsaturated (with respect to gypsum) operation mode was maintained by the addition of sodium thiosulfate. Other benefits of sodium thiosulfate addition observed at the pilot plant included improvement in solids dewatering properties for limestone processes.

1985-01-01

422

On character of organic additives effect on pitting corrosion rate of steel-Kh25T at various potentials  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The dependence of the inhibiting action of some surface active organic substances (SAOS) on the pitting- formation potential epsilonsub(p) has been investigated for the steel Kh25T. The study has been performed by potentiostatic method using the H_2SO_4 0.1-n-solution doped by NaCl, Na_2SO_4, in the presence of SAOS of different classes. As epsilonsub(p) shifts in positive direction from +0.6 to +1.1 V, the inhibiting action of the SAOS series (o-oxyquinoline) increases gradually till some critical potential above which SAOS favour pitting destruction of steel. This phenomenon should be considered in anodic protection in SAOS-doped solutions.

423

Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediators by an extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra and its phytoconstituents  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory property of de-glycyrrhizinated extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root and its phytoconstituents (glabridin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizin) on LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Materials and methods Inhibitory effect of G. glabra extract and its phytoconstituents were studied on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in J774A.1 murine macrophages. Results G. glabra and isoliquiritigenin significantly inhibited LPS stimulated NO, IL-1 beta and IL-6 production. Glabridin showed significant inhibition of NO and IL-1 beta release, but failed to attenuate IL-6 levels at the tested concentrations. In addition, glycyrrhizin did not exhibit inhibitory response towar...

2011-01-01

424

Lipase-mediated hydrolysis of corn DDGS oil: Kinetics of linoleic acid production  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, we investigated the kinetics of linoleic acid production via lipase-mediated hydrolysis of corn DDGS oil in a batch reactor with continuous mechanical agitation and developed a kinetic model that incorporated the product inhibition to study the complete hydrolysis. The model agreed very well with observed data; though situations with low enzyme dosage or low stirring rates were modeled successfully without product inhibition, actual product concentration in such situations was too low to exert any inhibitory effects. Increasing the enzyme concentration increased hydrolysis, and beyond certain enzyme concentrations, effects tended to fade away because of excessive enzyme desorption from the interface. An enzyme dosage within the range of 40-60KLU/L of oil dispersion could be ...

2010-01-01

425

Isomeric states and spin polarization in A approx. 90 nuclei  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The observed inhibition of M4 transitions in A approx. 90 nuclei has represented a long standing theoretical problem. In particular by calculating first- and second-order configuration mixing contributions to the inhibited M4 lifetimes of /sup 89/Y and /sup 87/Sr, it is found that the first-order perturbative treatment of the residual interaction usually used in shell-model calculations is unjustified in this case. Using random-phase approximation techniques, the renormalization effects of collective (''giant'') M4 resonances in /sup 88/Sr on the low energy M4 transitions in /sup 89/Y and /sup 87/Sr are investigated. It is concluded that the observed retardation of M4 lifetimes in these nuclei is consistent with the manifestation of nuclear spin polarization.

1980-04-01

426

Inhibition of heat shock protein 27 (HspB1) tumorigenic functions by peptide aptamers  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Human heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27, HspB1) is an anti-apoptotic protein characterized for its tumorigenic and metastatic properties, and now referenced as a major therapeutic target in many types of cancer. Hsp27 biochemical properties rely on a structural oligomeric and dynamic organization. Downregulation by small interfering RNA or inhibition with dominant-negative mutant have proven their efficiency to counteract the anti-apoptotic and protective properties of Hsp27. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of Hsp27-targeted molecules interfering with its structural organization. Using the peptide aptamer (PA) strategy, we isolated PAs that specifically interact with Hsp27 and not with the other members of the small heat shock protein family. In mammalian cell cultur...

2011-01-01

427

Inhibiting pitting corrosion in carbon steel exposed to dilute radioactive waste slurries  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dilute caustic high-level radioactive waste slurries can induce pitting corrosion in carbon steel. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests were conducted in simulated and actual waste solutions to determine minimum concentrations of sodium nitrate which inhibit pitting in ASTM A537 class 1 steel exposed to these solutions. Susceptibility to pitting was assessed through microscopic inspection of specimens and inspection of polarization scans. Long-term coupon immersion tests were conducted to verify the nitrite concentrations established by the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests. The minimum effective nitrite concentration is expressed as a function of the waste nitrate concentration and temperature.

1991-01-01

428

Immunosuppressant calcineurin inhibitors phase shift circadian rhythms and inhibit circadian responses to light  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

PP2B is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase that is ubiquitously expressed in mammals. Among other actions, it is an effector mechanism in NMDA-mediated glutamate neurotransmission as well as a regulator of GSK3? and MAPK signaling cascades. Because all of these mechanisms have demonstrable roles in the control of circadian rhythyms, we hypothesized that PP2B would be a key regulator of rhythm generation and entrainment, and that through inhibition of its phosphatase activity, the circadian system would be affected by immunosuppressant drug therapy. We report here that immunosuppressant drugs (cyclosporin A, FK506) (1) block the circadian responses to light that underlie photic entrainment; (2) produce circadian phase shifts with a characteristic nonphotic profile; and (3) disr...

2008-01-01

429

Fluorocarbons and cardiac arrhythmia: does difluorodichloromethane (FC 12) inhibit cardiac metabolism  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Certain fluorocarbons, such as difluorodichloromethane (FC 12), depress the cardiovascular system by diminution of all the transmembrane ionic conductances in cardiac tissues. Does FC 12 also inhibit active transport and thus enzymatic activity and cellular energy. We measured phosphocreatine (PC), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMPc) in rat hearts. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; 2 control groups: one breathing a mixture of oxygen (21%) and nitrogen (79%) (group C) and the other breathing the same mixture but simultaneously perfused with 1 microgram/kg/min. epinephrine (groupe E-C); 2 trial groups T and E-T where nitrogen was replaced by FC 12. The maximal FC 12 concentration of 720 micrograms/ml in arterial blood produced no significant difference in the concentrations of these three metabolites compared with controls.

1986-01-01

430

Evidence for involvement of the astrocytic benzodiazepine receptor in the mechanism of action of convulsant and anticonvulsant drugs  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The anticonvulsant drugs carbamazepine, phenobarbital, trimethadione, valproic acid and ethosuximide at pharmacologically relevant concentrations inhibit (/sup 3/H)diazepam binding to astrocytes in primary cultures but have much less effect on a corresponding preparation of neurons. Phenytoin as well as pentobarbital (which is not used chronically as an anticonvulsant) are equipotent in the two cell types. The convulsants picrotoxinin and pentylenetetrazol, the convulsant benzodiazepine RO 5-3663 and the two convulsant barbiturates DMBB and CHEB similarly inhibit diazepam binding to astrocytes but have little effect on neurons. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that these convulsants and anticonvulsants owe at least part of their effect to an interaction with the astrocytic benzodiazepine receptor, perhaps by interference with a calcium channel.

1988-01-01

431

Energy saving dc-dc converter circuit  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An energy saving dc-dc converter circuit is disclosed having two energy efficient means which operate in tandem, an energy conserving means and a voltage doubling means. These energy efficient means are applied in combination with elements commonly found in dc-dc converter circuits, namely an ac voltage generator, a transformer for stepping up the generated ac voltage, and means for storing the converted dc voltage. The energy conserving means is connected to the dc voltage storage means. It comprises a resettable inhibit circuit which cuts off the provision of dc voltage for conversion for a predetermined interval when the output of the converter exceeds a predetermined level. The voltage doubling means is reponsive to outputs of the inhibit circuit of the energy conserving means and the ac voltage generator. It provides a phase inverted waveform of the generated ac voltage on one of two leads to the ac voltage step-up transformer.

1982-06-22

432

Effect of vanadate on proton-sucrose cotransport in Ricinus cotyledons  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effects of orthovanadate on the uptake of sucrose by Ricinus cotyledons and on sucrose-coupled proton influx were measured in order to gain insight into the relationship to the plasma membrane proton pump. Vanadate had no effect on short-term sucrose uptake. In long-term experiments (> 30 min) sucrose uptake was progressively inhibited, but only at high external sucrose concentrations. Vanadate did not affect proton efflux pumping in the absence of sucrose and neither did it change the initial rate of sucrose-coupled proton influx. However, it enhanced the maximal level of sucrose-induced alkalization of the medium at all sucrose concentrations tested. This is interpreted as an inhibiting effect of vanadate on the proton pump that recycles protons during sucrose-proton cotransport. The sensitivity towards vanadate indicates that this proton pump is an ATPase. A second proton-translocating system, that is insensitive to vanadate, is ...

1987-07-01

433

Control rod drives  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: To secure the reactor operation safety by the provision of a fluid pressure detecting section for control rod driving fluid and a control rod interlock at the midway of the flow pass for supplying driving fluid to the control rod drives. Constitution: Between a driving line and a direction control valve are provided a pressure detecting portion, an alarm generating device, and a control rod inhibition interlock. The driving fluid from a driving fluid source is discharged by way of a pump and a manual valve into the reactor in which the control rods and reactor fuels are contained. In addition, when the direction control valve is switched and the control rods are inserted and extracted by the control rod drives, the pressure in the driving line is always detected by the pressure detection section, whereby if abnormal pressure is resulted, the alarm generating device is actuated to warn the abnormality and the control rod inhibition ...

434

Comparison of antioxidant abilities of magnolol and honokiol to scavenge radicals and to protect DNA  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The antioxidant properties of magnolol and honokiol were evaluated in the experimental systems of reducing ONOO^- and ^1O"2, bleaching @b-carotene in linoleic acid (LH) emulsion, and trapping 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical (ABTS^+?) and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and then were applied to inhibit the oxidation of DNA induced by Cu^2^+/glutathione (GSH) and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH). Magnolol and honokiol were active to reduce ONOO^- and ^1O"2. Honokiol showed a little higher activity to protect LH and to inhibit Cu^2^+/GSH-induced oxidation of DNA than magnolol. In addition, honokiol exhibited higher activities to trap ABTS^+? and DPPH than magnolol. In particular, honokiol trapped 2.5 radicals while magnolol o...

2011-01-01

435

Brain glucose sensing and neural regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Glucose homeostasis requires the tight regulation of glucose utilization by liver, muscle and white or brown fat, and glucose production and release in the blood by liver. The major goal of maintaining glycemia at -5 mM is to ensure a sufficient flux of glucose to the brain, which depends mostly on this nutrient as a source of metabolic energy. This homeostatic process is controlled by hormones, mainly glucagon and insulin, and by autonomic nervous activities that control the metabolic state of liver, muscle and fat tissue but also the secretory activity of the endocrine pancreas. Activation or inhibition of the sympathetic or parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous systems are controlled by glucose-excited or glucose-inhibited neurons located at different anatomical sites, mainl...

2011-01-01

436

Biosorption of scandium and yttrium from solutions  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The usage of biosorbents allows separation of scandium and yttrium from each other and from Fe, Al, Ti, Si, and Ca in hydrometallurgical processing of ores and wastes. It was shown that sorption of scandium and yttrium increased with the increase of pH of solution. Initial rate of scandium sorption depended on the biomass type; however 85-98% of scandium was sorbed within 10-30 min with most biomass types tested. The presence of aluminium, iron (III), and titanium in the solution inhibited sorption of scandium and particularly yttrium. After four cycles of sorption, 98.8% of scandium and 87% of yttrium was extracted from red mud leach solution by the biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus terreus, respectively. Selectively of the process of scandium and yttrium recovery could be achieved during sorption and also desorption, when solubilization of sorbed associated elements was inhibited by high pH values. (Author).

437

Aluminum Tolerance in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) is widely distributed in the acid soil region of Southern China, where great potential of aluminum (Al) toxicity exists. To evaluate the Al tolerance of Moso bamboo, seed germination and root elongation were compared with two rice cultivars, and physical and physiological damages were examined under various levels of Al stress. Results showed that Moso bamboo seed germination was inhibited when Al concentration increased to 500 ?M, and the median lethal concentration was 2,000??M. Comparatively, the rice seed germination was not inhibited even at a concentration of 2,000??M Al. Aluminum accumulated mainly in the cell wall of root apices, and entered into protoplasts as treating time prolonged and/or Al concentration increased, which resulted in apoptos...

2011-01-01

438

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MAGNOLIA OFFICINALIS EXTRACTS IN VITRO AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE PRESERVATION OF CHILLED MUTTON  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract The inhibitory effect of the extract from Magnolia officinalis (MOE) against L. monocytogenes, S. faecalis, E. coli, S. typhimurium, S. aureus and B. anthracis by paper-diffusion methods and the characterization of the mutton immersed in different concentrations of the MOE during storage were evaluated in this paper. The results showed that MOE could significantly inhibit the growth of S. aureus, S. faecalis, B. anthracis and E. coli, and their MIC was 0.02-mg/mL, 0.03-mg/mL, 0.05-mg/mL and 0.10-mg/mL, respectively. MOE showed weak inhibition for the S. typhimurium. The mutton treated with 2%, 4% and 6% MOE resulted in suppression in the increase of total volatile base nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and the growth of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas. The cooled m...

2011-01-01

439

5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic acid-induced destruction of mitochondria in human prostate cells (PC-3).  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Culturing human prostate PC-3 cells for 4, 24, or 72 h in the presence of 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis, markedly altered the morphology and reduced the number of mitochondria in the treated cells. Using quantitative electron microscopic morphometry, we documented changes in the number, form, area, matrix density, and integrity of the cristae and limiting membranes of mitochondria in cells cultured with ETYA. The inhibition of cholesterol synthesis or the substitution of ETYA for polyunsaturated fatty acids in the inner membrane may participate in the disruption of the mitochondria, which resembles the morphologic sequelae of oxidative stress. If sufficiently extensive, these changes could contribute to the inhibition of cellular proliferation by ETYA.

1992-01-01

440

Treatment of uteral cancer by the brake irradiation (25 MeV)  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The method of treatment of uteral cancer by the brake irradiation of 25 MeV betatrone using original devices which promote forming therapeutic figured bunches is presented. The binding of the protective blocks with a special adjusting frame within the aperture of the diaphragm provided for low relative entering dose which is the advantage of high energy irradiation bunch. The use of the forming devices makes it possible to practice individual treatment and decrease the levels of irradiation doses for intact organs and tissues.

441

Transcription of the E2F-1 gene is rendered cell cycle dependent by E2F DNA-binding sites within its promoter.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The cell cycle-regulatory transcription factor E2F-1 is regulated by interactions with proteins such as the retinoblastoma gene product and by cell cycle-dependent alterations in E2F-1 mRNA abundance....Full Text Available

1994-10-01

442

The unique hypusine modification of eIF5A promotes islet ? cell inflammation and dysfunction in mice  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, pancreatic islet dysfunction results in part from cytokine-mediated inflammation. The ubiquitous eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), which is the...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

443

The development perspectives of the alternative fuels; Les perspectives de developpement des carburants alternatifs en France  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The petroleum and petroleum products increase offer a real development opportunity to the alternative fuels. In the context of the french energy accounting increase, the energy independence notion incites the government to promote these new fuels. If the LPG seems declining because of the accident risks fear, the fuel cell is not for today. Near these two sectors what is the future of the biofuels and the natural gas vehicle or the electric cars? (A.L.B.)

2006-06-15

444

The development perspectives of the alternative fuels  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The petroleum and petroleum products increase offer a real development opportunity to the alternative fuels. In the context of the french energy accounting increase, the energy independence notion incites the government to promote these new fuels. If the LPG seems declining because of the accident risks fear, the fuel cell is not for today. Near these two sectors what is the future of the biofuels and the natural gas vehicle or the electric cars? (A.L.B.)

445

Synfuels: how much can they help. [Chevron activities  

Science.gov (United States)

A series of questions and answers addresses issues related to developing synthetic fuels, including the potential supplies, regulatory road blocks, and development incentives to promote the role of the private sector. Chevron's efforts in the area of synfuels are aimed at shale oil tar sands and coal conversion. The status of these research and development projects and the projected recoverable reserves from each are summarized. (DCK)

446

SWI/SNF and Asf1 Independently Promote Derepression of the DNA Damage Response Genes under Conditions of Replication Stress  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The histone chaperone Asf1 and the chromatin remodeler SWI/SNF have been separately implicated in derepression of the DNA damage response (DDR) genes in yeast cells treated with genotoxins that cause...Full Text Available

447

Resources | Environment Knowledge Hub  

Wastenet

...Korea 2008 NOx charges as feebate in Sweden Pilot Project on Solid Waste Management in Khulna City: Community Organisation and Management Plastic Bag ban in Dhaka City, Bangladesh Policies on Conservation of the DMZ District Ecosystem Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea 2007 Policies on Promoting Environmental Industries and International Cooperation ...

448

Regulation of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Biosynthetic Pathways in Carrot Cell Cultures 1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) promotes the accumulation of tryptophan-derived indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in carrot cell cultures during callus proliferation by a biosynthetic pathway that is...Full Text Available

1992-11-01

449

Prostaglandin E2 Signals Through PTGER2 to Regulate Sclerostin Expression  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The Wnt signaling pathway is a robust regulator of skeletal homeostasis. Gain-of-function mutations promote high bone mass, whereas loss of Lrp5 or Lrp6 co-receptors decrease bone mass. Similarly, mutations...Full Text Available

450

Progress of JAERI neutron science project  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neutron Science Project was started at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute since 1996 for promoting futuristic basic science and nuclear technology utilizing neutrons. For this purpose, research and developments of intense proton accelerator and spallation neutron target were initiated. The present paper describes the current status of such research and developments. (author)

1999-03-01

451

Producing Open Source Software How to Run a Successful Free Software Project  

CERN Document Server

This comprehensive guide offers several tried and true steps to help you successfully manage the complex process of developing free software. Topics include project management, developer motivation, technical infrastructure to support collaboration, and project promotion. Producing Open Source Software is ideal for developers starting their own free software projects, or people who simply want to participate in the process.

2009-01-01

452

Plasmids for the cloning and expression of full-length double-stranded cDNAs under control of the SV40 early or late gene promoter.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Okayama and Berg (1) have recently described a technique for the high efficiency cloning of full-length dscDNAs. We have constructed eukaryotic expression vectors compatible both with this technique...Full Text Available

1983-10-25

453

P130Cas Src-Binding and Substrate Domains Have Distinct Roles in Sustaining Focal Adhesion Disassembly and Promoting Cell Migration  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The docking protein p130Cas is a prominent Src substrate found in focal adhesions (FAs) and is implicated in regulating critical aspects of cell motility including FA disassembly and protrusion of the...Full Text Available

454

Overview of cleaner production as a result of clean technology research in Vietnam  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vietnam is beginning its industrialization process, and it currently lacks the capital necessary for expensive pollution control and treatment systems. Pollution strategies are critical for the country. This study evaluates the present status of industry and the pollution problems associated with industrial development in Vietnam. The purpose of the study is to identify sectors that may have potential for promoting cleaner production practices. 4 refs.

1996-12-31

455

NAME=\\  

Wastenet

... Complete Wasters An exciting range of recycled, re-used, fairtrade and sustainable gifts as well as low cost recycled computer systems. Visit our mini eco centre, gift shop and wildlife garden. Since 1997 Complete Wasters has... recycled 700 tonnes of paper, card, cans, and bottles; refurbished 2000 PCs; planted 600 trees and promoted recycling to over 700,000 people at over ...

456

Mild acidic pretreatment to enhance low severity coal liquefaction promoted by cyclic olefins. Quarterly report, July 1995--September 1995  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research continued on low severity coal liquefaction. Research using high temperature infrared of cyclic olefins progressed well during this quarter. Several fluorinated solvents were found that provide a high temperature medium for isotetralin and its aromatic and aliphatic analogues.

1996-03-01

457

Methods for economic evaluation of a factorial-design cluster randomised controlled trial of a nutrition supplement and an exercise programme among healthy older people living in Santiago, Chile: the CENEX study  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundIn an effort to promote healthy ageing and preserve health and function, the government of Chile has formulated a package of actions into the Programme for Complementary...Full Text Available

458

Isoform-Specific Functions of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases: p110? but Not p110? Promotes Optimal Allergic Responses In Vivo1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The leukocyte-enriched p110γ and p110δ isoforms of PI3K have been shown to control in vitro degranulation of mast cells induced by cross-linking...Full Text Available

2008-02-15

459

Is there an association between seeing incidents of alcohol or drug use in films and young Scottish adults' own alcohol or drug use? A cross sectional study  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundAs the promotion of alcohol and tobacco to young people through direct advertising has become increasingly restricted, there has been greater interest in whether images...Full Text Available

460

Inflammatory mediators promote production of shed LRP1/CD91, which regulates cell signaling and cytokine expression by macrophages  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

LRP1 is a type-1 transmembrane receptor that mediates the endocytosis of diverse ligands. LRP1 β-chain proteolysis results in release of sLRP1 that is present in human plasma. In this study,...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

461

Human thrombomodulin gene is intron depleted: nucleic acid sequences of the cDNA and gene predict protein structure and suggest sites of regulatory control.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We have isolated a human thrombomodulin cDNA, and a human genomic clone containing the putative promoter domain, as well as the translated and untranslated regions of the endothelial cell receptor....Full Text Available

1987-09-01

462

Human Scalp Hair Follicles Are Both a Target and a Source of Prolactin, which Serves as an Autocrine and/or Paracrine Promoter of Apoptosis-Driven Hair Follicle Regression  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The prototypic pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) exerts a wide variety of bioregulatory effects in mammals and is also found in extrapituitary sites, including murine skin. Here, we show by reverse...Full Text Available

2006-03-01

463

High-cell Density Shake-flask Expression and Rapid Purification of the Large Fragment of Thermus aquaticus DNA Polymerase I Using a New Chemically and Temperature Inducible Expression Plasmid in Escherichia coli*  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We have developed a new expression vector, pcIts ind+, based upon the powerful rightward promoter of bacteriophage lambda, which is controlled by a temperature-sensitive...Full Text Available

2009-02-01

464

Gene silencing induced by oxidative DNA base damage: association with local decrease of histone H4 acetylation in the promoter region  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Oxidized DNA bases, particularly 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), are endogenously generated in cells, being a cause of carcinogenic mutations and possibly interfering with gene expression. We found...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

465

Gene Repressive Activity of RIP140 Through Direct Interaction with CDK8.  

Science.gov (United States)

Receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a coregulator for numerous nuclear receptors and transcription factors and primarily exerts gene-repressive activities on various target genes. We previously identified a spectrum of posttranslational modifications on RIP140 that augment its property and biological activity. In T(3)-triggered biphasic regulation of cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (Crabp1) gene along the course of fibroblast-adipocyte differentiation, we found TRAP220(MED1) critical for T(3)-activated chromatin remodeling whereas RIP140 essential for T(3)-repressive chromatin remodeling of this gene promoter. In this current study, we aim to examine whether and how RIP140 replaces TRAP220(MED1) on the CrabpI promoter in differentiating adipocyte cultures. We find increasing recruitment of RIP140 to this promoter, with corresponding reduction in TRAP220(MED1) recruitment during the T(3)-repressive phase. ...

2011-08-25

466

Future research on transonic unsteady aerodynamics and its aeroelastic applications  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The workshop focused on strategies for promoting and developing engineering level transonic flutter prediction techniques. The technology of transonic aerodynamics is currently undergoing rapid development. Significant progress is being made to solve the inherently nonlinear equations describing unsteady motions of wings in transonic flow, while the availability of reliable and efficient computational methods will greatly enhance the ability to predict the aeroelastic behavior of modern aircraft operating under transonic flow conditions.

1987-08-01

467

Fuel levelling  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the case of a release of residual power and fragmenting following a hypothetical accident the applied powers are small. The boiling in the fluid in the bed promotes leveling and the angles of repose obtained are very small. For a specific power in water of 3.1 W/cm_3 a limiting angle of repose of less than 2 degrees is obtained after a time interval of between 1 and 3 hours. EDULCOREE-and ETABUL-research programs are carried out. (DG).

468

Fostering the commercialization of ultra capacitors  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This document presents the activity of KiloFarad International (KFI), a trade association for the promotion of the interests of the international ultra-capacitor industry through education and representation. KFI provides a forum for the ultra-capacitor industry to work on non-competitive activities (standards, working groups, test procedures etc..). The rest of the document presents some informations about ultra-capacitors technology and some advanced applications in the automotive and telecommunication industries. (J.S.)

2004-07-01

469

Flue gas desulfurization/denitrification using metal-chelate additives  

Science.gov (United States)

A method of simultaneously removing SO.sub.2 and NO from oxygen-containing flue gases resulting from the combustion of carbonaceous material by contacting the flue gas with an aqueous scrubber solution containing an aqueous sulfur dioxide sorbent and an active metal chelating agent which promotes a reaction between dissolved SO.sub.2 and dissolved NO to form hydroxylamine N-sulfonates. The hydroxylamine sulfonates are then separated from the scrubber solution which is recycled.

1986-01-01

470

Effect of modification on catalytic properties of NaY zeolites  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of treatment with hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and steam on the catalytic properties of NaY zeolites has been studied. A mechanism has been proposed for activation of the zeolites, which explains the appearance of Broensted acid centers on modified samples. The influence of modification temperature and the degree of decationization of the zeolites on the promoting capacity of the latter in the cumene cracking reaction has been studied.

1988-04-01

471

Down-regulation of miR-622 in gastric cancer promotes cellular invasion and tumor metastasis by targeting ING1 gene  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

AIM: To evaluate the biological and clinical characteristics of miR-622 in gastric cancer.METHODS: We analyzed the expression of miR-622 in 57 pair matched gastric neoplastic and adjacent non-neoplastic...Full Text Available

2011-04-14

472

Does dynamic pricing make sense for mass market customers?  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The added incentive to modify electric use under hourly versus monthly market-based pricing is small for most mass market customers in Upstate New York. If the ultimate policy goal of demand-response programs is to reduce peak load, then promoting conservation measures under monthly market-based pricing holds more promise. (author)

2007-08-15

473

Contextual extracellular cues promote tumor cell EMT and metastasis by regulating miR-200 family expression  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Metastatic disease is a primary cause of cancer-related death, and factors governing tumor cell metastasis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we address this question by using tumor cell lines derived...Full Text Available

2009-09-15

474

Conservation and renewable energy programs: Technical and financial assistance  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The US Department of Energy, Office of Technical and Financial Assistance (OTFA) promotes the application of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies and practices by working cooperatively with state and local governments and private and nonprofit organizations, providing technical and financial assistance and serving as network for sharing information. This report is an overview of some of the programs designed to aid in solving our national energy problems.

1991-05-01

475

Comparative analysis of the ATRX promoter and 5' regulatory region reveals conserved regulatory elements which are linked to roles in neurodevelopment, alpha-globin regulation and testicular function  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundATRX is a tightly-regulated multifunctional protein with crucial roles in mammalian development. Mutations in the ATRX gene cause ATR-X syndrome, an X-linked...Full Text Available

476

Characterization of tube support alloys  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The involvement and relationship of carbon steel corrosion products in the tube denting phenomenon promoted an intensive research effort to: 1) understand, reproduce, and arrest the denting process, and 2) evaluate alternative tube support materials to provide additional corrosion resistance. The paper summarizes a corrosion testing program for the verification of type 405 stainless steel under acid or all volatile treatment conditions.

1985-03-01

477

Carbon effect on the structure and plasticity characteristics of titanium #beta#-alloys  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper a study is made of the structure and mechanical properties of the #beta# alloy system Ti-Mo-Zr-Sn (the composition of which is equivalent to the #beta# III alloy used abroad) containing different amounts of carbon. Study of the #beta#-titanium alloy containing 0.1% C revealed the presence of particles of titanium carbide. Separation of the titanium carbide promotes a reduction in impact strength, an increased tendency toward cold shortness, and poorer workability. (author).

478

Carbon dioxide absorption with aqueous potassium carbonate promoted by piperazine  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many commercial processes for the removal of carbon dioxide from high-pressure gases use aqueous potassium carbonate systems promoted by secondary amines. This paper presents thermodynamic and kinetic data for aqueous potassium carbonate promoted by piperazine. Research has been performed at typical absorber conditions for the removal of CO{sub 2} from flue gas. Piperazine, used as an additive in 20-30 wt% potassium carbonate, was investigated in a wetted-wall column using a concentration of 0.6 m at 40-80{sup o}C. The addition of 0.6 m piperazine to a 20 wt% potassium carbonate system decreases the CO{sub 2} equilibrium partial pressure by approximately 85% at intermediate CO{sub 2} loading. The distribution of piperazine species in the solution was determined by proton NMR. Using the speciation data and relevant equilibrium constants, a model was developed to predict system speciation and equilibrium. The addition of 0.6 m piperazine to 20 ...

2004-09-01

479

Canonical and Alternative Pathways in Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1/Cyclin B Inactivation upon M-Phase Exit in Xenopus laevis Cell-Free Extracts  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) is the major M-phase kinase known also as the M-phase Promoting Factor or MPF. Studies performed during the last decade have shown many details of how CDK1 is regulated...Full Text Available

480

Cadmium down-regulation of kidney Sp1 binding to mouse SGLT1 and SGLT2 gene promoters: Possible reaction of cadmium with the zinc finger domain of Sp1  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cadmium (Cd) exposure causes glucosuria (glucose in the urine). Previously, it was shown that Cd exposure of primary cultures of mouse kidney cells (PMKC) decreased mRNA levels of the glucose...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

481

Bax Activation by Engagement with, Then Release from, the BH3 Binding Site of Bcl-xL?  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Bcl-2 homologues (such as Bcl-xL) promote survival in part through sequestration of “activator” BH3-only proteins (such as Puma), preventing them from directly activating...Full Text Available

2011-02-01

482

An enhancer element is located 340 base pairs upstream from the adenovirus-2 E1A capsite.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A chimeric recombinant, containing the 270 bp left-terminal fragment of Adenovirus-2 (Ad2) inserted upstream from the -34 to +33 Ad2 major late promoter (Ad2MLP) element, has been used to characterize...Full Text Available

1983-12-20

483

Synthesis and stereochemical effects of pyrrolidinyl-acetylenic thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines as EGFR and ErbB-2 inhibitors  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A novel class of pyrrolidinyl-acetyleneic thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines has been identified which potently inhibit the EGFR and ErbB-2 receptor tyrosine kinases. Synthetic modifications of the pyrrolidine carbamate moiety result in a range of effects on enzyme and cellular potency. In addition, the impact of the absolute stereochemical configuration on cellular potency and oral mouse pharmacokinetics is described.

2009-01-01

484

Structural features underlying selective inhibition of protein kinase CK2 by ATP site-directed tetrabromo-2-benzotriazole  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Two novel crystal structures of Zea mays protein kinase CK2α catalytic subunit, one in complex with the specific inhibitor 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB) and another...Full Text Available

2001-11-01

485

Silver nanoparticles inhibit VEGF-and IL-1?-induced vascular permeability via Src dependent pathway in porcine retinal endothelial cells  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-induced vascular permeability, and...Full Text Available

486

Regulatory T cells inhibit stable contacts between CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells in vivo  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Regulatory T (T reg) cells exert powerful down-modulatory effects on immune responses, but it is not known how they act in vivo. Using intravital two-photon laser scanning microscopy we determined that,...Full Text Available

2006-03-20

487

Photolysis of the novel inotropes EMD 57033 and EMD 57439: evidence that Ca2+ sensitization and phosphodiesterase inhibition depend upon the same enantiomeric site.  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

1. We studied the effects of flash photolysis on the novel enantiomeric cardiac inotropes EMD 57033 (a calcium sensitizer) and EMD 57439 (a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor) in rat isolated ventricular...Full Text Available

1996-08-01

488

Perlinhibin, a Cysteine-, Histidine-, and Arginine-Rich Miniprotein from Abalone (Haliotis laevigata) Nacre, Inhibits In Vitro Calcium Carbonate Crystallization  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We have isolated a 4.785 Da protein from the nacreous layer of the sea snail Haliotis laevigata (greenlip abalone) shell after demineralization with acetic acid. The sequence of 41...Full Text Available

2007-08-15

489

OLDER USERS' PERSPECTIVES ON MOBILITY - RELATED, ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY  

Environmental Research Database

ObjectivesObjectives Not AvailableDescriptionOne significant research challenge posed by the growing number of older people in the population concerns the mobility-related problems which increase with age, inhibit independence, and can be a prime cause of admission to expensive institutional settings. The scope for engineering advances, particularly in the field of rehabilitation and assistive technology, is immense. The challenge is to produce aids, devices and products that are attractive to older people themselves, since without such [continued...

2000-01-31

490

Nonuniqueness of self-propagating spiral galaxy models  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We demonstrate the nonuniqueness of the basic assumptions leading to spiral structure in self-propagating star formation models. Even in the case where star formation occurs purely spontaneously and does not propagate, we have generated spiral structure by adopting the radically different assumption where star formation is systematically inhibited.

1984-05-15

491

Mechanism for the anti-thyroid action of minocycline  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Administration of minocycline (MN), a tetracycline antibiotic, produces a black pigment in the thyroids of humans and several species of experimental animals and antithyroid effects in rodents. We have previously shown that these effects appear to be related to interactions of MN with thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the key enzyme in thyroid hormone synthesis. In the present study, the mechanisms for inhibition of TPO-catalyzed iodination and coupling reactions by MN were investigated. 37 refs., 7 figs., 3 tabs.

1997-01-01

492

Isoprenylation is required for the processing of the lamin A precursor  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The nuclear lamina proteins, prelamin A, lamin B, and a 70-kD lamina-associated protein, are posttranslationally modified by a metabolite derived from mevalonate. This modification can be inhibited by treatment with (3-R,S)-3-fluoromevalonate, demonstrating that it is isoprenoid in nature. We have examined the association between isoprenoid metabolism and processing of the lamin A precursor in human and hamster cells. Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by mevinolin (lovastatin) specifically depletes endogenous isoprenoid pools and inhibits the conversion of prelamin A to lamin A. Prelamin A processing is also blocked by mevalonate starvation of Mev-1, a CHO cell line auxotrophic for mevalonate. Moreover, inhibition of prelamin A processing by mevinolin treatment is rapidly reversed by the addition of exogenous mevalonate. Processing of prelamin A is, therefore, dependent on ...

1990-05-01

493

Interferon-? Targets Cancer Cells and Osteoclasts to Prevent Tumor-associated Bone Loss and Bone Metastases*S?  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) has been shown to enhance anti-tumor immunity and inhibit the formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. We evaluated the role of IFN-γ in bone metastases,...Full Text Available

2009-02-13

494

Inhibitor of DNA synthesis is present in normal chicken serum  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors have found that heat-inactivated serum (57/sup 0/C for 1 hour) from normal chickens reduces the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated chicken and murine splenocytes as well as some transformed mammalian lymphoblastoid cell lines. Greater than a 50% reduction in /sup 3/H-thymidine incorporation was observed when concanavalin A (Con A)-activated chicken splenocytes that were cultured in the presence of 10% autologous or heterologous serum were compared to mitogen-stimulated cells cultured in the absence of serum. Normal chicken serum (10%) also caused greater than 95% suppression of /sup 3/H-thymidine incorporation by bovine (EBL-1 and BL-3) and gibbon ape (MLA 144) transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. The only cell line tested that was not inhibited by chicken serum was an IL-2-dependent, murine cell line. Chicken serum also inhibited both /sup 3/H-thymidine incorporation and IL-2 synthesis by Con A-activated murine splenocytes. ...

1986-03-05

495

Hypoxia down-regulates sFlt-1 (sVEGFR-1) expression in human microvascular endothelial cells by a mechanism involving mRNA alternative processing  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

sFlt-1 (soluble Flt-1) potently inhibits angiogenesis by binding extracellularly to VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). In the present paper, we report that hypoxia down-regulates sFlt-1 expression...Full Text Available

2011-06-01

496

General corrosion of ALLOY 800 in high temperature water and its prevention  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

General corrosion behavior of ALLOY 800 in high temperature water was studied in relation to its surface film structure. The surface film formed in water was found to decrease the corrosion rate of ALLOY 800. This film is composed of Ni ferrite, and can be obtained by oxidation in air or steam. Based on these results, air or steam oxidation treatment to inhibit Ni and Co release of ALLOY 800 into high temperature water is proposed. (author).

1989-10-01

497

General corrosion of ALLOY 800 in high temperature water and its prevention  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

General corrosion behavior of ALLOY 800 in high temperature water was studied in relation to its surface film structure. The surface film formed in water was found to decrease the corrosion rate of ALLOY 800. This film is composed of Ni ferrite, and can be obtained by oxidation in air or steam. Based on these results, air or steam oxidation treatment to inhibit Ni and Co release of ALLOY 800 into high temperature water is proposed. (author).

498

Comparison of toxicity to terrestrial plants with algal growth inhibition by herbicides  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The toxicities of 21 different herbicides to algae (Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlorella vulgaris) and to terrestrial plants (radishes, barley, and bush beans or soybeans) were compared to order to determine the feasibility of using a short-term (96-h) algal growth inhibition test for identifying chemicals having potential toxicity in a 4-week terrestrial plant bioassay. The toxicity of each test chemical, usually in combination with a commercial formulation, was evaluated at six nominal concentrations, between 0 and 100 mg/L growth medium in the algal bioassay or between 0 and 100 mg/kg substate in the terrestrial plant bioassay, in terms of both (1) the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), i.e., the highest concentration tested at which no significant (P < 0.05, one-sided test) reduction in algal growth rate or in terrestrial plant yield, relative to controls, was observed; and (2) the concentration at which algal growth rate or terrestrial plant yield ...

1984-10-01

499

Activation and Stiffness of the Inhibited States of F1-ATPase Probed by Single-molecule Manipulation  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

F1-ATPase (F1), a soluble portion of FoF1-ATP synthase (FoF1), is an ATP-driven motor in which γϵ subunits rotate in...Full Text Available

2010-04-09

500

A Single Domain Llama Antibody Potently Inhibits the Enzymatic Activity of Botulinum Neurotoxin by Binding to the Non-Catalytic Alpha-Exosite Binding Region  

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Ingestion or inhalation of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) results in botulism, a severe and frequently fatal disease. Current treatments rely on antitoxins, which while effective cannot reverse...Full Text Available

2010-04-09