International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75"N"T"R) is a death receptor which belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor super-family of membrane proteins. This study shows that p75"N"T"R retarded cell cycle progression by induced accumulation of cells in G0/G1 and a reduction in the S phase of the cell cycle. The rescue of tumor cells from cell cycle progression by a death domain deleted (#DELTA#DD) dominant-negative antagonist of p75"N"T"R showed that the death domain transduced anti-proliferative activity in a ligand-independent manner. Conversely, addition of NGF ligand rescued retardation of cell cycle progression with commensurate changes in components of the cyclin/cdk holoenzyme complex. In the absence of ligand, p75"N"T"R-dependent cell cycle arrest facilitated an increase in apoptotic nuclear fragmentation of the prostate cancer cells. Apoptosis of p75"N"T"R expressing cells occurred via the ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The hair follicle cycle successively goes through the anagen, catagen, telogen, and latency phases, which correspond, respectively, to hair growth, arrest, shedding, and absence before a new anagen...Full Text Available

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Investigations into sexual differentiation and pheromone response in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe are complicated by the need to first starve the cells of nitrogen. Most mating-related experiments are therefore performed on non-dividing cells. Here we overcome this problem by using two mutants that bypass the nutritional requirements and respond to the M-factor mating pheromone in rich medium. The first mutant lacks the cyr1 gene which encodes adenylate cyclase and these cells contain no measurable amounts of cAMP. When M-factor is added to a growing h+ cyr1- strain it causes a transient G1 arrest of cell division, transcription of mat1-Pm, and elongation of the cells to form shmoos. The second mutant contains the temperature-sensitive pat1-114 allele. At 30 degrees C this mutant was previously shown not only to bypass the nutritional signal but also to stop growing in a state derepressed for ...

Science.gov (United States)

Heart Arrest

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:21864481

Science.gov (United States)

Cardiac Arrest; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In late mitosis and G1, Mcm2-7 are assembled onto replication origins to license them for initiation in the upcoming S phase. After initiation, Mcm2-7 provide helicase activity to unwind DNA at the...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

One rationale proposals to increase the efficiency of PDT is to combine photo-sensitization with other treatment modalities, including modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism. In combine treatment we examined the effects of 48 h and 24 h pre-treatment of cells with 5- lipoxygenase inhibitor MK-886 prior to photoactivation of hypericin on cell cycle distribution and DNA synthesis. All parameters were examined 24 hours after hypericin activation. Pre-treatment of HT-29 with 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor MK-886 followed by PDT resulted in most significant effects on cell cycle perturbations. Administration of MK-886 alone as well as combination of low doses MK-886 with hypericin induced S phase accumulation. Increasing of MK-886 concentration induced massive changes in the cell cycle progression. Pre-treatment of HT-29 cells with MK-886 alone (15 #mu#M; - 48 h) caused accumulation of cells in S-phase (58 % in S-phase and 36 % in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cdc7 kinase plays an essential role in firing of replication origins by phosphorylating components of the replication complexes. Cdc7 kinase has also been implicated in S phase checkpoint signaling downstream of the ATR and Chk1 kinases. Inactivation of Cdc7 in yeast results in arrest of cell growth with 1C DNA content after completion of the ongoing DNA replication. In contrast, conditional inactivation of Cdc7 in undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells leads to growth arrest with rapid cessation of DNA synthesis, suggesting requirement of Cdc7 functions for continuation of ongoing DNA synthesis. Furthermore, loss of Cdc7 function induces recombinational repair (nuclear Rad51 foci) and G2/M checkpoint responses (inhibition of Cdc2 kinase). Eventually, p53 becomes highly activated and the cells undergo massive p53-dependent apoptosis. Thus, defective origin activation in mammalian cells can generate DNA replication ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Most genetic changes that promote tumorigenesis involve dysregulation of G1 cell cycle progression. A key regulatory site in G1 is a growth factor–dependent restriction point (R) where cells...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

For the first time, rheological phase method, a simple and effective route, is applied to synthesize novel cathode material LiCoPO4. X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are taken to investigate this material, respectively. XRD figure shows that the rheological sample is better crystallized than the solid-state one. XPS result of the rheological sample exhibits that the valence of Co is 2+. TEM images show that better dispersed particles with smaller size can be formed by rheological method comparing to the solid-state route. Charge-discharge test is carried out in the range of 3.0-5.0 V at 0.2 mA cm-2. The initial discharge capacity for rheological phase and solid-state powder is 71.5 and 30.9 mAh g-1, respectively. The better electrochemical property should be ascribed to ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We report the existence of a sixth replication arrest site, TerF, that is located within the coding sequences of the rcsC gene, a negative regulator of capsule biosynthesis. The TerF site is oriented...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - To study the optimization of a randomized control problem in an M/G/1 queue in which a removable and unreliable server may provide two phases of heterogeneous service to arriving customers. Design/methodology/approach - Arriving customers follow a Poisson process and require the first essential service (FES). As soon as FES of a customer is completed, the customer may leave the system or opt for the second optional service (SOS). The service times of FES channel and SOS channel are assumed to be general distribution functions. The server requires a startup time with random length before starting service. When the server is working, he may meet unpredictable breakdowns but is immediately repaired. The inter-breakdown time and repair time of the removable server are exponentially r...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of routine laboratory parameters in the decision to treat refractory cardiac arrest patients with extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Methods: Sixty-six adults with witnessed cardiac arrest of cardiac origin unrelated to poisoning or hypothermia undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation without return of spontaneous circulation (duration: 155min [120-180], median, [25-75%-percentiles]) were included in a prospective cohort-study. ECLS was implemented under cardiac massage, using a centrifugal pump connected to a hollow-fiber membrane-oxygenator, aiming to maintain ECLS flow >=2.5l/min and mean arterial pressure >=60mmHg. Results: Forty-seven of 66 patients died within 24h from multiorgan failure and massive capillary leak. Of 19/66 patients who survived >=24h...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

p53 plays a critical role in tumor suppression. As a transcription factor, in response to stress signals, p53 regulates its target genes and initiates stress responses, including cell cycle arrest,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Chest compression-only (CC-only) is now incorporated in the Norwegian protocol for dispatch guided CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) in cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac aetiology.We present...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... of the American Medical Association JAMA PATIENT PAGE Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation W hen the heart stops beating (cardiac arrest), ... circulation (blood flow) returns or is restored. Providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR ) is a way to keep some circulation ...

Science.gov (United States)

This report discusses the work done on EPRI program S149-1. In this program the feasibility of cleaning steam generators off line with organic chelants as a means of arresting denting corrosion was investigated. The rationale behind this program is to mak...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morusin is a pure compound isolated from root bark of Morusaustralis (Moraceae). In this study, we demonstrated that morusin significantly inhibited the growth and clonogenicity of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells. Apoptosis induced by morusin was characterized by accumulation of cells at the sub-G_1 phase, fragmentation of DNA, and condensation of chromatin. Morusin also inhibited the phosphorylation of IKK-#alpha#, IKK-#beta# and I#kappa#B-#alpha#, increased expression of I#kappa#B-#alpha#, and suppressed nuclear translocation of NF-#kappa#B and its DNA binding activity. Dephosphorylation of NF-#kappa#B upstream regulators PI3K, Akt and PDK1 was also displayed. In addition, activation of caspase-8, change of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO, and activation of caspase-9 and -3 were observed at the early time point. Downregulation in the expression of Ku70 and XIAP was exhibited ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary Cell senescence is a permanent growth arrest following extended proliferation. Cultured cancer cells including metastatic melanoma cells often appear immortal (proliferate indefinitely), while uncultured benign nevi (moles) show senescence markers. Here, with new explantation methods, we investigated which classes of primary pigmented lesions are typically immortal. Nevi yielded a few proliferating cells, consistent with most nevus cells being senescent. No nevus culture (0/28) appeared immortal. Some thin and thick melanoma cultures proved immortal under these conditions, but surprisingly few (4/37). All arrested cultures displayed three senescence markers in some cells: -galactosidase, nuclear p16, and heterochromatic foci/aggregates. However, melanoma cultures also showed featur...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The involvement and relationship of carbon steel corrosion products in the tube denting phenomenon promoted an intensive research effort to: 1) understand, reproduce, and arrest the denting process, and 2) evaluate alternative tube support materials to provide additional corrosion resistance. The paper summarizes a corrosion testing program for the verification of type 405 stainless steel under acid or all volatile treatment conditions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors would like to determine |V{sub cb}| from the exclusive semi-leptonic decay B{yields}D*lv. The differential decay rate is d{Lambda}/dw = G{sub F}{sup 2}/4{pi}{sup 3}(w{sup 2}-1){sup 1/2}m{sub D*}{sup 3} (m{sub B}-m{sub D*}){sup 2}G(w)|V{sub cb}|{sup 2}|F{sub B{yields}D*}(w)|{sup 2}, where w = v {center_dot} v{prime} and G(1) = 1. At zero recoil (w = 1) heavy-quark symmetry requires F{sub B{yields}D*}(1) to be close to 1. So, |V{sub cb}| is determined by dividing measurements of d{Lambda}/dw by the phase space and well-known factors, and extrapolating to w {yields} 1. This yields |V{sub cb}|F{sub B{yields}D*}(1), and F{sub B{yields}D*}(1) is taken from ''theory''. To date models [1] or a combination of a rigorous inequality plus judgement [2] have been used to estimate F{sub B{yields}D*}(1) - 1. In this work [3] they calculate F{sub B{yields}D*}(1) with lattice gauge theory, in ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-@b) has a crucial role in the differentiation of ectodermal cells to neural or epidermal precursors. TGF-@b and bone morphogenetic protein molecules (BMPs) are involved in many developmental processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, mitotic arrest and intercellular interactions during morphogenesis. Additionally, the failure of central thymic tolerance mechanisms, leading to T cells with a skewed autoreactive response, is being described as a contributor in inflammatory processes in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Since TGF-@b and BMP proteins are crucial for the development of the neural system and the thymus, as well as for the differentiation of T cells, it is essential to further investigate their role i...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The crack growth behavior and fracture toughness of two laminated metal composites (6090/SiC/25p laminated with 5182 and ultrahigh-carbon steel laminated with brass) have been studied in both ``crack arrester`` and ``crack divider`` orientations. The mechanisms of crack growth were analyzed and extrinsic toughening mechanisms were found to contribute significantly to the toughness. The influence of laminate architecture (layer thickness and component volume function), component material properties and residual stress on these mechanisms and the resulting crack growth resistance are discussed.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVETo estimate the relationship between the rate of gestational weight gain before the 50-g, 1-hour oral glucose challenge test screening for gestational diabetes...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hydroperoxides are important atmospheric oxidants. They are responsible for most of the oxidation of aqueous-phase SO(sub 2) to sulfate in the northeastern United States, resulting in the formation of acid precipitation and visibility-reducing sulfate aerosol (Penkett et al., 1979; Lind et al., 1987; Madronich and Calvert, 1990; Tanner and Schorran, 1995). Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide (H(sub 2)O(sub 2) or HP) is produced by the self-reaction of hydroperoxyl radicals (HO(sub 2)); higher organic peroxides are produced by reaction of HO(sub 2) with alkylperoxyl radicals (RO(sub 2)). Peroxyl radicals, along with OH, are chain carriers in the complex photochemical process that produces tropospheric ozone. Thus, concentrations of peroxides and their free radical precursors depend on solar intensity and ambient concentrations of water vapor, ozone, NO(sub x) (NO+ NO(sub 2)), and VOCs (volatile organic compounds). Several investigators have demonstrated that HP and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A simple sample decomposition and laser fluorimetric determination of uranium at trace level is reported in certain refractory minerals, like ilmenite, rutile, zircon and monazite; environmental samples viz. soil and sediments; industrial waste materials, such as, coal fly ash and red mud. Ilmenite sample is decomposed by heating with ammonium fluoride. Rutile, zircon and monazite minerals are decomposed by fusion using a mixture of potassium bifluoride and sodium fluoride. Environmental and industrial waste materials are brought into solution by treating with a mixture of hydrofluoric and nitric acids. The laser induced fluorimetric determination of uranium is carried out directly in rutile, zircon and in monazite minerals and after separation in other samples. The determination limit was 1 #mu#g x g"-"1 for ilmenite, soil, sediment, coal fly ash and red mud samples, and it is 5 #mu#g x g"-"1 for ...

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The effects of mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF) on bone formation and resorption were examined in male mice. EGF administration (2-200 ng.g-1.day-1 ip for 7 days) induced a dose-dependent rise in plasma EGF levels that remained within physiological range. Histomorphometric analysis of caudal vertebrae showed that EGF (20 and 200 ng.g-1.day-1) reduced the endosteal matrix and mineral appositional rates after 5 days of treatment as measured by double (3H)proline labeling and double tetracycline labeling, respectively. This effect was transitory and was not observed after 7 days of EGF administration. EGF administered for 7 days induced a dose-dependent increase in the periosteal osteoblastic and tetracycline double-labeled surfaces. At high dosage (200 ng.g-1.day-1) EGF administration increased the osteoclastic surface and the number of acid phosphatase-stained ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

High-level expression of mitotic arrest defective protein 2 (MAD2), a central component of the spindle assembly checkpoint, has been observed in a variety of human malignancies. Aim of the present study was to observe the expression of MAD2 in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explore its clinicopathologic significance and evaluate MAD2 expression as a prognostic marker. MAD2 transcript was found to be overexpressed in the great majority of lung cancers by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. A total of 358 NSCLCs were analyzed immunohistochemically on tissue microarrays. High-level MAD2 expression was observed in 26.3% (94 of 358 cases), and correlated with male sex (P=0.0002), tumor progression (pT status) (P=0.0009), visceral or parietal pleural invasion (P=0.0151), non-adenocarcinoma, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This report discusses the work done on EPRI program S149-1. In this program the feasibility of cleaning steam generators off line with organic chelants as a means of arresting denting corrosion was investigated. The rationale behind this program is to make use of those periods during which nuclear steam generators are in cold shutdown or wet layup to carry out a low-temperature soak with a combined chelant-inhibitor solution in order to dissolve some of the magnetite which has built up in crevices and to concomitantly remove entrained corrodents such as chloride ion. It was hoped that these soaks would be effective in reducing carbon steel support plate corrosion which produces tube denting.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary Isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) belong to a group of prebiotics that can significantly increase the number of protective gut microflora. A one-step method using neopullulanase (NPN) in conjunction with saccharifying -amylase (SAA) for the bioconversion of rice starch into IMO was investigated. Purified rice starch slurry (30% w/w) was mixed with NPN (3.5 U g-1 starch substrate) and SAA (6.5 U g-1 starch substrate) and the slurry was incubated at 57 C for 92-h under constant stirring. The carbohydrate composition of the resulting syrup was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the dextrose equivalent (DE) determined by titration. The amount of IMO in the syrup reached maximum (59.2%, dry basis) after 72-h of bioconversion. The concentration of glucose and mal...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Project RPS116, ''Implementation of Boric Acid in the Field,'' was designed to demonstrate that a selected steam generator boric acid treatment is effective in arresting the progressing of denting in an operating steam generator. The PWR nuclear steam generators chosen for the testing were those at the Indian Point Unit 3 nuclear site. Hydrogen monitoring measurements and eddy current examinations had indicated that the Indian Point Unit 3, Series 44 steam generators had already reached an advanced stage of denting and tube support plate ligament discontinuities were observed. The objective of the boric acid treatment was to reduce the rate of denting by attempting to reproduce in the field the positive results achieved with boric acid in laboratory-simulated denting tests. Laboratory testing has indicated that implementation of a four day low power (25% power) boric acid soak with 50 ppm boron as boric acid followed by maintenance of a 5-10 ppm boron level during ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report highlights four main points. (1) A residue substitution in phosphoribulokinase of Synechocystis PCC 6803 renders the mutant light-sensitive. The authors isolated a light-sensitive mutant (BRLS) of the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 that does not survive exposure to bright light; 70% of BRLS cells die upon exposure to light of > 3000 lux for 2 hr. (2) Excitation energy transfer from phycocyanin to chlorophyll in an apcA-defective mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. A greenish mutant of the normally bule-green cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PC 6803, designated UV6p, was isolated and characterized. UV6p possesses functional photosystems I and II but lacks normal light harvesting phycobilisomes because allophycocyanin is absent and core-specific linker proteins are almost entirely absent. (3) Deletion of the psbG1 gene of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 leads to the activation of the cryptic psbG2 ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Kernels of Zea mays on an intact plant accumulate indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at the rate of 190 ng g-1 fresh weight h-1. Of the IAA synthesized, 97% is in the esterified form and less than 3% remains...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Bovine paratuberculosis is caused by infection of young calves with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. In some of the chronically infected cows the long asymptomatic...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Power quality problems are caused by activities normal to utility operations such as maintenance outages and capacitor switching or events that are abnormal such as lightning strikes and equipment failures. Disconnection and reconnection of transmission lines and transformers can cause switching surges, and are more severe on extra high voltage transmission lines than high voltage lines. Capacitor switching can cause transients and harmonics that may affect sensitive equipment, and are the source of 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th harmonics in the hundreds of hertz ranges. Overload, sudden loss of generating capacity and transmission line faults are typical problems affecting system stability. Fault interruptions and reclosings can cause surges in the distribution system, and lightning strikes may cause voltage surges or dips due to arrester sparkover. Blackouts, brownouts, voltage fluctuations, travelling wave overvoltages, capacitor restrikes, harmonics and harmonic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents the technical and economic studies performed by CEMIG, Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais, Brazil, concerning the use of closing resistor in its extra-high voltage (EHV) breakers. The analysis emphasizes the advantages which could be achieved with the elimination of the resistor as far as costs and reliability are concerned. This evaluation was motivated by two 500 kV breaker failures resulting from the breakdown of the closing resistor operation mechanism. These occurrences resulted in operative restriction for CEMIG EHV system. The analysis demanded a review of the capability criteria of silicon carbide (Si C) gap arresters, which are still greatly used in CEMIG EHV System, and of the procedures to be applied when carrying out the transient studies. The investigation resulted in the prompt removal of closing resistors from circuit breakers in CEMIG extra-high voltage system generating an economy of approximately U$ 840,00 and an improvement ...

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One of the most important factors affecting the postharvest life and quality of horticultural crops is temperature. Quality loss after harvest occurs as a result of physiological and biological processes, the rates of which are influenced primarily by product temperature. As the maintenance of market quality is of vital importance to the success of the horticultural industry, it is necessary not only to cool the product but to cool it as quickly as possible after harvest. The process of precooling is the removal of field heat which arrest the deteriorative and senescence processes so as to maintain a high level of quality that ensures customer satisfaction. This paper provides a critical review to portray precooling as an intricate part of temperature management and to highlight the importance of its utilisation for extending the shelf life and maintaining the quality of horticultural products with emphasis on cut flowers. Various different precooling methods are ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Nuclear Safety Commission acknowledged the policy of the Agency of Natural Resources and Energy to cope with these important matters on August 8, 1984. The main contents of the investigation and deliberation were as follows, As to the prevention of the occurrence of fires, the prevention of the leak and spread of inflammable liquid and gas, the installation of protective relays and so on, the use of incombustible materials and aseismatic design and the installation of lightning arresters. As to the detection of fires and fire fighting, the proper selection and arrangement of fire detectors and extinguishers, the extinguishers which do not harm the safety function of structures and equipment, and the extinguishers which are not affected by natural phenomena. As to the reduction of the effect of fires, the proper installation of fire walls and extinguishers, and the high temperature shut off of nuclear reactors which is never hampered by any fire. (Kako, I.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Protocols were standardized for in vitro propagation of several elite and diverse banana accessions using shoot tip explants. Tissue culture raised plants were field planted at multiple locations. Studies were undertaken for the induction of mutations using multiple shoot cultures of six selected cultivars, Shreemanti (AAA), Basrai (AAA), Lal Kela (AAA), Rasthali (AAB), Karibale Monthan (ABB) and a wild diploid (BB). These shoot cultures were irradiated at different doses of gamma rays (0-100 Gy) and subcultured thrice (up to M_1V_3) to separate shimeras, followed by induction of rooting (M_1V_4). In general, the rate of multiplication had a negative association with the dose of gamma rays. Enhanced multiplication of shoots was noticed at lower doses. The proliferation of shoots was arrested beyond 50 Gy and a dose of 70 Gy was completely lethal for all the genotypes studied. The rooted plantlets were hardened in the green house and in the early stages of field ...

Science.gov (United States)

BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that various epigenetic aberrations play definite roles in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We investigated the histone acetylation status in endometriosis and the application of the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) for the treatment of endometriosis. METHODS The levels of acetylated histones in the endometriotic cyst stromal cells (ECSCs) and normal endometrial stromal cells (NESCs) were evaluated. The effects of the HDACIs on cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis of ECSCs and NESCs, and the expression of genes related to these cellular events were investigated. The effects of HDACIs on histone acetylation in chromatin of the promoter region of the cell cycle regulatory genes in ECSCs were also investigated. RESULTS The acetylated histone levels were significantly lower in ECSCs than in NESCs (P endometriosis and that HDACIs reactivated epigenetically silenced genes, resulting in the suppression of cell proliferation, ...

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New measurements of the spin structure functions of the proton and deuteron g{sub 1}{sup p}(x, Q{sup 2}) and g{sub 1}{sup d}(x, Q{sup 2}) in the nucleon resonance region are compared with extrapolations of target-mass-corrected next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD fits to higher energy data. Averaged over the entire resonance region (W < 2 GeV), the data and QCD fits are in good agreement in both magnitude and Q{sup 2} dependence for Q{sup 2} > 1.7 GeV{sup 2}/c{sup 2}. This ''global'' duality appears to result from cancellations among the prominent ''local'' resonance regions: in particular strong {sigma}{sub 3/2} contributions in the {Delta}(1232) region appear to be compensated by strong {sigma}{sub 1/2} contributions in the resonance region centered on 1.5 GeV. These results are encouraging for the extension of NLO QCD fits to lower W and Q{sup 2} than have been used previously.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As part of the 1999 NARSTO Northeast Oxidant and Particulate Study (NE-OPS) field campaign, the DOE G-1 aircraft sampled trace gases and aerosols in and around the Philadelphia metropolitan area. Twenty research flights were conducted between July 25 and August 11. The overall goals of these flights were to obtain a mechanistic understanding of O(sub 3) production; to characterize the spatial and temporal behavior of photo-oxidants and aerosols; and to study the evolution of aerosol size distributions, including the process of new particle formation. Within the NE-OPS program, other groups provided additional trace gas, aerosol, and meteorological observations using aircraft, balloon, remote sensing, and surface based instruments (Phillbrick et al., 2000). In this article we provide an overview of the G-1 observations related to O(sub 3) production, focusing on the vertical distribution of pollutants. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A radioimmunoassay is described for the molluscan neuropeptide, Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH"2(FMRFamide). The antibody used is C-terminal-specific and shows slight but significant (1-2%) cross-reactivity with chicken pancreatic polypeptide (APP). The assay has been used to identify in rat brain extracts a pair of molecules that may represent mammalian counterparts of FMRFamide. Their concentrations were highest in spinal cord and hypothalamus (>10 pmol.g"-_1) and lowest in cerebellum and striatum (<3.5 pmol.g"-_1). The two immunoreactive peptides were separated on CM ion-exchange chromatography where they appeared to be less basic than FMRFamide. On Sephadex G50 gel filtration one eluted in a similar position to FMRFamide and the other slightly earlier suggesting it may be of higher molecular weight. The rat immunoreactive components do not correspond to previously described neuropeptides or hormones, and ...

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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility experiment E01-012 measured the 3He spin structure functions and virtual photon asymmetries in the resonance region in the momentum transfer range 1.0 < Q2 < 4.0 (GeV/c)2. Our date, when compared with existing deep inelastic scattering data, can be used to test quark-hadron duality in g1 and A1 for 3He and the neutron. Preliminary results for A{sub 1}{sup {sup 3}He} are presented, as well as some details about the experiment.

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We used the tissue distribution of ({sup 14}C)butanol to quantitate regional blood flow in the spinal cord (RSCBF) of pentobarbital-anesthetized, normothermic rats in which segmental local cooling pentobarbital-anesthetized, normothermic rats in which segmental local cooling of the spinal cord (to 25-28{degrees}C) at vertebral levels C4-C6 (n = 6) or T13-L1 (n = 6) was induced. Thirty minutes later, blood flow measurements were made at seven levels of the spinal cord and in the sciatic nerve trunks and biceps femoris muscles. Sham-cooled rats served as controls (n = 12). In control rats, RSCBF varied between 41.5 +/- 2.4 and 65.1 +/- 3.2 ml.min-1.100 g-1. Local cooling of the C4-C6 cord segment reduced RSCBF by 32%, from 65.1 +/- 3.2 to 44.4 +/- 3.5 ml.min-1.100 g-1 (P less than 0.01). Tissue vascular resistance (R) in the cooled C4-C6 segment was elevated versus control. There were no other changes in ...

Science.gov (United States)

The initial phase of this study consisted of a survey of existing FGD systems used on larger combustion processes in the NATO countries and Japan.

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

CERN Document Server

Top quark is extremely sensitive to non-standard CP violating phases. General strategies for exposing different types of phases at the NLC are outlined. SUSY phase(s) cause PRA in $t\\to Wb$. The transverse polarization of the $\\tau$ in the reaction $t\\to b\\tau\

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No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

This report covers the initial DARPA DTN Phase 3 activities as JPL provided Core Engineering Support

CERN Document Server

We have combined perturbative unitarity and renormalisation group equation arguments in order to find a dynamical way to constrain the space of the gauge couplings ($g'_1$, \\widetilde{g}$) of the so-called "Minimal $Z'$ Models". We have analysed the role of the gauge couplings evolution in the perturbative stability of the two-to-two body scattering amplitudes of the vector and scalar sectors of these models and we have shown that perturbative unitarity imposes an upper bound that is generally stronger than the triviality constraint. We have also demonstrated how this method quantitatively refines the usual triviality bound in the case of benchmark scenarios such as the $U(1)_\\chi$, the $U(1)_R$ or the "pure" $U(1)_{B-L}$ extension of the Standard Model. Finally, a description of the underlying model structure in Feynman gauge is provided.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

SnO2/graphene nanocomposites have been fabricated by a simple chemical method. In the fabrication process, the control of surface charge causes echinoid-like SnO2 nanoparticles to be formed and uniformly decorated on the graphene. The electrostatic attraction between a graphene nanosheet (GNS) and the echinoid-like SnO2 particles under controlled pH creates a unique nanostructure in which extremely small SnO2 particles are uniformly dispersed on the GNS. The SnO2/graphene nanocomposite has been shown to perform as a high capacity anode with good cycling behavior in lithium rechargeable batteries. The anode retained a reversible capacity of 634 mA?h?g?1 with a coulombic efficiency of 98% after 50 cycles. The high reversibility can be attributed to the mechanical buffering by the GNS against...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Various pyranocoumarins, calophyllolide, inophyllums B, C, G1, G2 and P, from Calophyllum inophyllum (Clusiaceae) leaves of French Polynesia (Austral, Marquesas, Society and Tuamotu archipelagos) have been determined in 136 leaf extracts using a high pressure liquid chromatography-UV-diode array detection (HPLC-UV-DAD) technique. Results show a wide range in chemical composition within trees growing on eighteen islands. The use of multivariate statistical analyses (PCA) shows geographical distribution of inophyllums and indicate those rich in HIV-1 active (+)-inophyllums. Inophyllum B and P contents (0.0-39.0 and 0.0-21.8mgkg-1, respectively) confirm the chemodiversity of this species within the large area of French Polynesia. The study suggests the presence of interesting chemotypes which...

Science.gov (United States)

In three calves experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense the amounts of IgG1 and IgG2 were little changed and similar to those of normal animals. IgM increased in amount early in the infection and the amount of the increase appeared related to the parasite burden. The amounts of IgA and IgE were both much decreased and this also appeared related to the numbers of parasites in the blood. There was a decrease in the amounts of total haemolytic complement and complement components C1, C1q and C3 in the infected calves. Furthermore the amounts of properdin fluctuated with the cyclical changes in numbers of T. congolense parasites in the individual calves. No significant change in the amount of C8 was observed. It is considered that activation of both the alternative and the classical complement pathways occurs in trypanosome infected animals but that neither pathway goes to its terminal stages.

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Anodic protection makes it possible to keep materials which can be passivated in a 'passive' state or to bring them into this state, even in unfavourable conditions. With sulphuric acid concentrations of 93-99% this method permits the use of inexpensive, stainless austenitic steels, e.g. 1.4541 and 1.4591, at temperatures of up to 160/sup 0/C. The temperature range from 120/sup 0/C, in particular, is suitable for heat recovery. Anodic protection by the APR-system provides safe and low-cost protection for air coolers and bare tube coolers in sulphuric acid plants. The results of laboratory, pilot plant and commercial trials show that in this way a safe operation of sulphuric acid coolers is possible on a long-term basis.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In connection with the different cyclical strengths of the two-phase (#alpha# + #beta#) titanium alloy in the case of the acicular and rounded formations of the #alpha#-phase, we have studied, employing the X-ray diffraction method, the phase composition of the alloy and the influence of heat treatment upon it. Using the method of electronic fractography, we examined the fractures in samples destroyed by the asymmetric twisting, in order to find out why the durability of the alloy is dependent upon the #alpha# - phase structure. It has been found that in the BT22 alloy, the decay the #beta#-phase may proceed in two ways; either with the formation of the martensite #alpha#'-phase of the acicular shape or with the separation of the non-martensite round-shaped #alpha#-phase. The character of the phase transformations #beta# ...

Science.gov (United States)

Antiquitin (ATQ) deficiency is the main cause of pyridoxine dependent epilepsy characterized by early onset epileptic encephalopathy responsive to large dosages of pyridoxine. Despite seizure control most patients have intellectual disability. Folinic acid responsive seizures (FARS) are genetically identical to ATQ deficiency. ATQ functions as an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH7A1) in the lysine degradation pathway. Its deficiency results in accumulation of ?-aminoadipic semialdehyde (AASA), piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C) and pipecolic acid, which serve as diagnostic markers in urine, plasma, and CSF. To interrupt seizures a dose of 100mg of pyridoxine-HCl is given intravenously, or orally/enterally with 30mg/kg/day. First administration may result in respiratory arrest in responders, and thus treatment should be performed with support of respiratory management. To make sure that late and masked response is not missed, treatment with oral/enteral pyridoxine should be ...

Science.gov (United States)

The COOH-terminus of telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) has been shown to participatein the nuclear translocation of TERT. Here, we constructed plasmids expressing the COOH-terminal M(r) 27,000 polypeptide of hTERT (hTERTC27) withthe telomerase RNA-binding domains and the reverse transcriptase domains deleted. We showed that ectopic overexpression of this polypeptide caused a defect in telomere maintenance in hTERT-positive HeLa cells, which led to senescence-like growth arrest and apoptosis. The hTERTC27 appears to work by inducing telomere dysfunction, exemplified by significantly increased anaphase chromosome end-to-end fusion events in transfected cells. Significantly, it had no effect on the cellular telomerase enzymatic activity or telomere length. The in vivo effect was further demonstrated as HeLa cells stably expressing hTERTC27 have significantly lower growth rate and reduced tumorigenicity in nude mice xenografts. Results from this study revealed ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two window layer materials, Al{sub 0.51}In{sub 0.49}P (E{sub g} = 2.3 eV) and Ga{sub 0.51}In{sub 0.49}P (E{sub g} = 1.88 eV) were compared for gas-source and solid-source MBE grown GaAs and Ga{sub 0.84}In{sub 0.16}As{sub 0.68}P{sub 0.32} (E{sub g} = 1.55 eV) solar cells. Due to the wider band-gap of Al{sub 0.51}In{sub 0.49}P, the increased spectral response was observed for both GaAs and Ga{sub 0.84}In{sub 0.16}As{sub 0.68}P{sub 0.32} material based solar cells. In the case of the GaAs cells, the short-circuit current density was observed to increase from 32.5 mA/cm{sup 2} to 34.4 mA/cm{sup 2} with the Al{sub 0.51}In{sub 0.49}P window layer at AM0. Similar improvement was observed for the Ga{sub 0.84}In{sub 0.16}As{sub 0.68}P{sub 0.32} solar cells.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The phase space of quantized systems that contain tachyons has been investigated. Interpretation difficulties and unexpected divergences are found when it is considered the volume of Lorentz-invariant phase space. These problems can be overcome, however, at the expense of Lorentz invariance.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

cdc18+ of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a periodically expressed gene that is required for entry into S phase and for the coordination of S phase with mitosis. cdc18+ is related to the Saccharomyces...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Phase 2 of the four phase NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project was undertaken to study the transfer of scientific and technical information (STI) from government to the aerospace industry and the role of librarians and technical informa...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors present differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in situ Moessbauer spectroscopy results for Metglas ribbons, to which different heat treatments were made. The Curie temperature of the amorphous phase is determined and the evolution of the magnetic field of this phase is studied as a function of temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The heating history of a droplet during its flight can be divided into two phases: (a) the initial phase when evaporation, although it occurs, does not change the heat balance of the droplet much (the case considered in our previous paper and (b) the final phase when the cooling due to evaporation balances the heat flux from the plasma. The later phase is considered in Chen's comment. In our reply, a very straightforward consideration demonstrates that even in the final phase of the droplet flight, the 'rocket' effect can be significant. (reply)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Recessive mutations of the early phase change (epc) gene in maize affect several aspects of plant development. These mutations were identified initially because of...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... of a secondary standard (VCO) locally available. ... phase of the local secondary standards to the 10-min average of the phase of ... I3a - - \\.-e-~--. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this paper is to present the phase-space properties of the systems that contain bradyons, luxons and tachyons. It is shown that particularly at low energy, these properties are quite different from the well-known properties of bradyons.

Science.gov (United States)

Indicated inertial navigation error and required update frequency. phasing, and times). Docking Phase. Range; range rate. Clock angle; clock angle rate ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... structure crystal-phase transformations fluorescence fluorescence spectroscopy

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Halothane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride, in the vapor and liquid phases, stimulate the water receptor of the blowfly Phormia regina. There are three successive phases of response to long-lasting...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

No Abstract Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In order to understand the detail transient two-phase flow structure, more advanced two-phase flow instrumentation is required. One advanced technique for flow visualization is real-time neutron radiography. Reconstruction method of visualized radiographic image of liquid metal two-phase flow generated by the real-time neutron radiography system is proposed in this paper. Image processing techniques for noise reduction and image enhancement are discussed in detail. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In a three-phase tri-axial cable, the magnetic interaction between the phases makes the loss measurement by an electromagnetic method very complex. We developed the theoretical background showing that three-phase AC loss measurements by the electromagnetic method are, in principle, possible. We then implemented this theory in practical measurements on a 3 m long, tri-axial cable fabricated from RABiTS (rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrate) coated conductor. Initially, the proposed measurement technique was implemented in the simpler cases when the three cable phases are 180"0 out of phase, i.e. (0"0, 180"0, 360"0) or (0"0, 360"0, 180"0) rather than (0"0, 120"0, 240"0) as in a traditional three-phase system. For these cases, the currents in the phases are either in phase (360"0 phase ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Not Available

Science.gov (United States)

No abstract available.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper describes phase-retrieval approaches in music by focusing on the particular case of the cyclic groups (beltway problem). After presenting some old and new results on phase retrieval, we introduce the extended phase retrieval for a generalized musical Z-relation. This concept is accompanied by mathematical definitions and motivations from computer-aided composition. We assume from the reader basic knowledge of groups, topological groups, group algebras, group actions, Lebesgue integration, convolution products, and Fourier transform.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The results of real-time neutron diffraction measurements during the superconducting phase formation process in the Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system are reported. A Sr-Ca-Cu-O type precursor, with the same stoichiometry as the 2223 phase, was used as starting material, and the temperature range favorable to the formation of the 2223 phase was investigated. The diffraction patterns were processed by a multiphase Rietveld refinement. The formation and decomposition of the 2201 and 2212 phases were directly observed. Experimental evidence on the existence of a partially melted phase in the range 855-860 degrees C, involved in the formation of the 2223 phase, is discussed. 14 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Here we reported a two-step procedure for preparing a novel polymeric based solid-solid phase change heat storage material. Firstly, a copolymer monomer containing a polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (MPEG) phase change unit and a vinyl unit was synthesized via the modification of hydrogen group of MPEG. Secondly, by copolymerization of the copolymer monomer and phenyl ethylene, a novel polymeric based solid-solid phase change heat storage material was prepared. The composition, structure and properties of the novel polymeric based solid-solid phase change material were characterized by IR, "1H NMR, DSC, WAXD, and POM, respectively. The results show that the novel polymeric based solid-solid phase change material possesses of excellent crystal properties and high phase change enthalpy.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lithium ammonium sulfate (LAS) undergoes a phase transition at Tsub(c1) = 459.5deg K from a paraelectric phase (phase 1) to a ferroelectric phase (phase II) and again at Tsub(c2) = 283deg K to a polar ferroelastic phase (phase III). Proton spin lattice relaxation investigations in the temperature range 480-77deg K at 10 MHz show discontinuous changes in Tsub(1) at the transition temperatures, indicating first order phase transitions. The absence of the slow motion region (#omega#sub(not)tausub(not)>>1) shows that the ammonium ions are reorienting fast enough to keep the resonance absorption line narrow down to liquid nitrogen temperatures. The possibility of a second minimum and a low activation energy, Esub(a) = 2.659 kcal/mole, in phase III suggest the possibility of tunnelling of the protons ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In FY 1984 three specific tasks which are all related to not-well-understood two-phase phenomena of importance to LWR accidents have been identified under the program. These three tasks are: (1) inverted annular flow experiments and modeling; (2) hot leg U-bend two-phase flow simulation study; and (3) development and evaluation of two-phase flow scaling criteria. Some of the important results obtained under Tasks (1) and (2) are reported in this paper.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crystal structure of monoclinic telluric acid ammonium phosphate (TAAP) has been studied by an X-ray diffraction method in the paraelectric phase at 333 K and in the ferroelectric phase at room temperature. It is confirmed that the space group in the paraelectric phase is P2/n. Comparison of the results between the two temperatures suggests that the plane which is made by the PO{sub 4} tetrahedron linked by hydrogen bonds has an important role for the ferroelectric phase transition. This plane is almost parallel to the direction of spontaneous polarization.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

CIRNAT, a one-dimensional code for natural circulation analysis, was described. The homogeneous approach was adopted for the two-phase flow regime and different heat transfer regimes were considered. The code was exhaustively tested for one-phase flow systems. For two phase flows a boiling/condensing system was simulated. The results are qualitatively correct but the oscillations observed at the system were not captured by the model. Other two-phase flow tests must be done to show the limits of the homogeneous approach before the introduction of a more complex model. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spherical nanostructured Si/C composite was prepared by spray drying technique, followed by heat treatment, in which nanosized silicon and fine graphite particles were homogeneously embedded in carbon matrix pyrolyzed by phenol formaldehyde resin. Cyclic voltammetry tests showed two pairs of redox peaks corresponding to lithiation and delithiation of Si/C composite. The Si/C composite exhibited a reversible capacity of 635 mAh g"-"1 and good cycle performance used in lithium ion batteries. To improve cycle performance of this Si/C composite further, the carbon-coated Si/C composite was synthesized by the second spray drying and heat treatment processing. The cycle performance of carbon-coated Si/C composite was improved significantly, which was attributed to the formation of stable SEI passivation layers on the outer surface of carbon shell which protected the bared silicon from exposing to electrolyte directly.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radiation damage studies have been carried out on undoped and CrO_4"2"- doped potassium and ammonium alums. The optical absorption bands observed around 27100 and 36500 cm"-"1 before irradiation have been attributed to the transitions t_1 #-># e and t_1 #-># t_2, on the basis of Ball-hausen and Liehr scheme. On prolonged X-irradiation, these bands disappear in both the alums and three new bands seem to grow in ammonium alum while only two new bands could be seen in potassium alum. EPR studies at RT reveal that there are two lines at g = 2.004 and g = 2.010 in ammonium alum and only one line at g = 2.004 in potassium alum. Besides these two nearly isotropic lines, there is a set of lines around g = 1.95 in both the alums. Correlating the optical and EPR studies it is concluded that SO_3"- and O_3"- centres have formed on X-irradiation in ammonium alum while only SO_3"- seems to have formed in potassium alum. The most important feature is ...

CERN Document Server

We present very sensitive polarimetry of 55 Cnc and tau Boo in an attempt to detect the partially polarised reflected light from the planets orbiting these two stars. 55 Cnc is orbited by a hot Neptune planet (55 Cnc e) at 0.038 AU, a hot Jupiter planet (55 Cnc b) at 0.11 AU, and at least 3 more distant planets. The fractional polarisation of this star is very stable, with a standard deviation in the nightly averaged Stokes Q/I and U/I parameters of 2.2x10^{-6}. We derive upper limits on the geometric albedo, A_G and planetary radius using Monte Carlo multiple scattering simulations of a simple model atmosphere. We assume Rayleigh-like scattering and polarisation behaviour (scaled by the maximum polarisation, p_m at 90 degrees) and pressure insensitive extinction. Atmospheres in which multiple scattering plays only a small role have an almost linear relation between polarisation and A_G. In this case, the 4 sigma upper limits are A_G<0.13(R/1.2 R_{Jup})^{-2}p_m^{-1} for 55 Cnc e and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), a protease inhibitor that circulates in association with plasma lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL), helps to regulate the extrinsic blood coagulation cascade. The authors have cloned a 125-kb genomic region containing the entire human TFPI gene on six overlapping cosmids and prepared a restriction map of this contig to clarify gene structure. More than half (45 kb) of the 85-kb gene is occupied with 5[prime] noncoding elements: coding begins at exon 3. A HindIII RFLP identified with one cosmid was genotyped in the CEPH panel of 559 reference families. Linkage analysis using markers on human chromosome 2 located the TFPI gene on 2q, 36 cM proximal to D2S43(pYNZ15) and 13 cM distal to the crystalline [gamma]-polypeptide locus CRYGP1(p5G1). 31 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Fresh tree root decomposition induced by tillage is an important source of soil nutrients in agroforestry systems. Here we examined the effects of tree species, root size and soil N enrichment on fresh root decomposition under laboratory conditions. Fresh roots with two diameters (<2 and 2?5?mm) of Populus euramericana cv. ?N3016? (poplar) and Pinus tabulaeformis (pine) collected from agroforestry systems in Northeast China were used in the experiment. For each root treatment, four N levels (0, 50, 100 and 150??g?N g?1 soil) were added. We recognized N concentration and C/N ratio as the root quality variables, and determined decomposition rates as cumulative CO2 production and mass loss. Poplar roots had higher N concentration and lower C/N ratio and decomposed faster than pine roots, and ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of various levels of dietary Bacillus subtilis and chitosan on the growth performance, non-specific immunity and protection against Vibrio harveyi infection in cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Fish were fed with the control diet and six different experimental diets containing three graded levels of B. subtilis at 2 x 10^1^0 CFU g^-^1 (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 g kg^-^1 diet) for each of two levels of chitosan (3.0 and 6.0 g kg^-^1 diet). The results of 8 weeks feeding trial showed that the survival rate ranged from 81.3% to 84.0% with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The SGR (%) in the fish fed with dietary treatments was significantly higher than that of the control fish except diet 6 group with 2.0 g kg^-^1B. subtilis and 3.0 g kg^-^1 chito...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

High quality graphene sheets are synthesized through efficient oxidation process followed by rapid thermal expansion and reduction by H2. The number of graphene layers is controlled by tuning the oxidation degree of GOs. The higher the oxidation degree of GOs is getting, the fewer the numbers of graphene layers can be obtained. The material is characterized by elemental analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. The obtained graphene sheets with single, triple and quintuplicate layers as anode materials exhibit a high reversible capacity of 1175, 1007, and 842 mA h g-1, respectively, which show that the graphene sheets with fewer layers have higher reversible capacity. -- Graphical abstract: The typical TEM images of the graphene sheets derived from GO3(a), GO2(b) and GO1(c). Display Omitted Highlights: ? With the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) chemicals are antitumor antibiotics inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis. An indole carboxylate-PBD hybrid with six-carbon spacer structure (IN6CPBD) has been previously demonstrated to induce melanoma cell apoptosis and reduce metastasis in mouse lungs. This study aimed at investigating the efficacy of the other hybrid compound with four-carbon spacer (IN4CPBD) and elucidating its anti-metastatic mechanism. Human melanoma A375 cells with IN4CPBD treatment underwent cytotoxicity and apoptosis-associated assays. Transwell migration assay, Western blotting, and ELISA were used for mechanistic study. IN4CPBD exhibited potent melanoma cytotoxicity through interrupting G1/S cell cycle progression, increasing DNA fragmentation and hypodipoidic DNA contents, a...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Utility PhotoVoltaic Group (UPVG), supported by member dues and a grant from the US Department of Energy, has as its mission the acceleration of the use of cost-effective small-scale and emerging large-scale applications of photovoltaics for the benefit of electric utilities and their customers. Formed in October, 1992, with the support of the American Public Power Association, Edison Electric Institute, and the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, the UPVG currently has 90 members from all sectors of the electric utility industry. The UPVG's efforts as conceived were divided into four phases: Phase 0--program plan; Phase 1--organization and strategy development; Phase 2--creating market assurance; and Phase 3--higher volume purchases. The Phase 0 effort developed the program plan and was completed early in 1993. The Phase 1 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Commissioning of a Pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) plant of NPCIL involves three phases viz phase-A which consist of pre-criticality activities such as hydro test, air hold test, no load test of motors etc., phase-B consist of criticality and post criticality physics experiments. The phase-C, which is considered the major phase, consist of initial power raise to about 10 % , TG rolling, synchronization, going to significant power in steps and performance tests such as load rejection tests from various power levels. In order to have smooth commissioning for the Phase-C, an integrated team consisting of engineers from various design and analysis groups of NPCIL headquarters was formed to participate along with site O and M engineers, closely observe and coordinate phase-C commissioning activities. During this commissioning some major ...

CERN Document Server

We consider two-dimensional large N gauge theory with D adjoint scalars on a torus, which is obtained from a D+2 dimensional pure Yang-Mills theory on T^{D+2} with D small radii. The two dimensional model has various phases characterized by the holonomy of the gauge field around non-contractible cycles of the 2-torus. We determine the phase boundaries and derive the order of the phase transitions using a method developed in an earlier work (hep-th/0910.4526), which is nonperturbative in the 'tHooft coupling and uses a 1/D expansion. We embed our phase diagram in the more extensive phase structure of the D+2 dimensional Yang-Mills theory and match with the picture of a cascade of phase transitions found earlier in lattice calculations (hep-lat/0710.0098). We also propose a dual gravity system based on a Scherk-Schwarz compactification of a D2 brane wrapped on a ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report on a hard X-ray phase imaging microscopy (a phase-difference microscopy) that consists of an objective and a transmission grating. The simple optical system provides a quantitative phase image, and does not need a wave field mostly coherent on the objective. Our method has a spatial resolution almost same as that of the absorption contrast microscope image obtained by removing the grating. We demonstrate how our approach provides a phase image from experimentally obtained images. Our approach is attractive for easily appending a quantitative phase-sensitive mode to normal X-ray microscopes, and has potentially broad applications in biology and material sciences.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A series of #alpha#-sialon (#alpha#') compositions containing mixed stabilising cations were prepared, by introducing additional CaO to a basic Sm #alpha#-sialon compositions. The thermal stability of these Sm-Ca-containing #alpha#-sialon phases was investigated using XRD, SEM and EDXS techniques. It was found that the addition of calcium into the Sm #alpha#-sialon systems greatly improved the stability of the #alpha#-sialon phases. Calcium was found to be incorporated into the #alpha#-sialon structure, coexistent with the samarium, and partitioning of the calcium and samarium was observed between the #alpha#' phase and grain boundary phases. This indicates a technique which may be used to improve the thermal stability of the #alpha#' phase while maintaining good refractory phases at the sialon grain boundaries.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The advent, in the near future, of compact X-ray sources like Thomson Back-Scattering (TBS) will allow the clinical application of advanced X-ray imaging techniques, such as phase contrast, with higher sensitivity and lower impact in terms of dose delivery. In this work, we theoretically investigated the possibility of using such sources for phase contrast imaging of micro-calcifications included in a breast tissue. In our study we analyzed the phase and amplitude distribution of the TBS source and we showed that this source can be used for phase contrast imaging since the source coherence at the sample position is sufficiently high for achieving good contrast and micrometer spatial resolution. Indeed the spatial coherence of a TBS source is closer to that of a synchrotron radiation source, and much better than that of a laboratory source. Moreover, we showed the advantages of phase ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ternary diagrams or pseudo ternary diagrams are commonly used to provide a graphical representation of equilibrium fluid phase behavior for systems as diverse as distillation columns and miscible gas floods of oil reservoirs. The phase envelope and the position of the critical point on it are important to enhanced oil recovery engineers who are involved with miscible gas flood design. In the past, phase equilibrium data were laboriously plotted on the pseudo ternary diagram and special graphical techniques were utilized to locate the critical point on the phase envelope. Presented in this article is a computerized curve fitting method to, firstly, generate the phase envelope from a given set of phase equilibrium data and then use the 'tie-line slopes' to position the critical point. Experimental data are included and show excellent agreement ...

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The magnitude of electric and magnetic fields around a high voltage three-phase transmission line was studied. A three-phase transmission circuit with parallel conductors produces rotating elliptic electric and magnetic fields. This study investigated the optimum arrangement of the phase conductors to minimize the maximum value of the magnetic flux density and to minimize the intensity of the resultant electric field. Two different types of high voltage double circuit transmission lines of 400 kV were considered. The optimum arrangement of the phase conductors was determined. It was concluded that the optimum arrangement can be easily applied to already constructed high voltage transmission lines by properly interchanging the phase conductors at the substations. 10 refs., 1 tab., 4 figs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A localization criterion for the crystal-liquid phase transition (PT) is suggested, according to which the PT starts when the ratio E d/k B T reaches a boundary value E d(s)/k B T m, above which a solid phase, and below which, a liquid phase is located in the phase diagram. Here, E d is the energy of the delocalization of an atom, k B is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and E d(s) is the energy of delocalization for the solid phase at the melting point T m. It is shown that this criterion extends the Lindemann criterion of melting to the case of crystallization, and the L?ven criterion of crystallization to the case of melting. It is shown that the localization criterion suggested is applicable both for the normally melting substances and for the substances melting with a decr...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adjustment of the rf phase in a linear accelerator is crucial for maintaining optimal performance. If phasing is incorrect, the beam will in general have an energy error and increased energy spread. While an energy error can be readily detected and corrected using position readings from beam position monitors at dispersion locations, this is not helpful for correcting energy spread in a system with many possible phase errors. Uncorrected energy spread results in poor capture efficiency in downstream accelerators, such as the Advanced Photon Source's (APS's) particle accumulator ring (PAR) or booster synchrotron. To address this issue, APS has implemented beam-to-rf phase detectors in the linac, along with software for automatic correction of phase errors. We discuss the design, implementation, and performance of these detectors and how they improved APS top-up ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The transformation mechanism of hexagonal delta phase from the disordered bcc gamma phase has not been reported before in the Zr-rich U-Zr alloy system. With the help of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM analyses it was shown that the gamma to delta conversion takes place by the lattice collapse mechanism of omega transformation. It was also ascertained that a higher aging temperature or time promotes the growth of all four variants of the delta phase within a parent gamma grain. In addition, ab initio electronic structure calculations showed that the bcc to hexagonal transformation, involving partial ordering of the parent bcc phase followed by (111) plane collapse, is energetically favorable.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Various measurement tools that are used in chaos theory were applied to analyze two-phase pressure signals with the objective of identifying and interpreting flow pattern transitions for two-phase flows in a small, horizontal rectangular channel. These measurement tools included power spectral density function, autocorrelation function, pseudo-phase-plane trajectory, Lyapunov exponent,s and fractal dimensions. It was demonstrated that the randomlike pressure fluctuations characteristic of two-phase flow in small rectangular channels are chaotic, and governed by a high-order deterministic system. The correlation dimension is potentially a new approach for identifying certain two-phase flow patterns and transitions.

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADA535309. Title : X-Ray Phase Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection. Descriptive Note : Annual rept. 1 Sep 2009-31 Aug 2010 ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Staphylococcus aureus preferentially catabolizes glucose, generating pyruvate, which is subsequently oxidized to acetate under aerobic growth conditions. Catabolite repression of the...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The amorphization of a quenched sample of the GaSb-II high-pressure phase was studied at ambient pressure by real-time neutron diffraction in the course of the sample heating from 100 K to room temperature at a rate of 0.4 K min-1. The transformation to the amorphous state begins at 140 K and is completed near room temperature. The ?-Sn type structure was shown to represent only the mean lattice of the high-pressure GaSb-II phase. The superstructure of this phase widely varied with temperature and is caused by the ordered displacement of atoms. The temperature range of the metastable crystalline phase relaxation is divided into three intervals according to the temperature dependence of the tetragonality ratio (c/a). At the boundaries of these temperature intervals, i.e. temperatures T = 170 and 230 K, two second-order phase transitions are observed. Anomalous heat and volumetric ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Phosphoramidite reagents can phosphitylate guanine bases at the O6-position during solid phase synthesis and serious chain cleavage occurs if the base phosphitylation is not eliminated before the iodine/water...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A detailed comparative assessment was made of the use of solid-phase-coupled antibodies in radioimmunoassay, by using an assay for human placental lactogen as a model system. The major advantages of...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The three-dimensional (3-D), multiphase, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code FLUENT is used to simulated two-phase flow behaviour in a CANDU header manifold under low (natural circulation) flow conditions. This behaviour was previously inferred from experimental data. The CFD simulations reported here are being used to support these inferences and to obtain a better understanding of phase distribution in the header manifold. The simulations seem to show that the vapor-water mixture models in the FLUENT code do not capture properly phase separation in the header and proper phase branching at the header-feeder connections that have been observed in experiments at low flows. The simulations using discrete-phase model in FLUENT, which tracks the pathlines of the individual vapor bubbles in the water continuum phase, show interesting, complicated and, in some ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The effect of growth phase on expression of virulence-associated factors was studied by Northern hybridization in an M1T1 clinical isolate of Streptococcus pyogenes. Expression of M...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To attain reproducible and stable contacts to compound semiconductor devices, it is necessary to achieve thermodynamically stable phases after the reaction of metals with the compound semiconductor. In this study, the final phases produced by the reactions between GaAs and thin metal films of Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, and Pt have been investigated. They are identified as MGa for M = Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, and Pt, monoarsenides of Co and Ni, diarsenides of Rh, Ir, Pd, and Pt, and Ir/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/. These phases, if deposited directly onto GaAs, will produce thermally stable contacts. In addition to the identification of these stable phases, analyses of the products of thin-film M/GaAs reactions by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry reveal the distribution, grain size, and crystallographic texture of these end phases. Trends in these ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The polymorphic phase behavior of a homologous series of n-saturated 1,2-diacyl phosphatidylethanolamines was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The main objective of Phase I of this SBIR project was to demonstrate the feasibility for successful development of an antimicrobial wound dressing based on a hydrogel sustained release matrix. This goal has been achieved. In vitro studies of drug diffusi...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A safety analysis code to design a pressurized water reactor and to obtain the licenses including entire proprietary rights is under development in domestic R and D project. The tasks of KAERI is to develop the constitutive relations including models for defining flow regimes and flow regime related models for inter-phase friction, wall frictions, wall heat transfer, and interphase heat and mass transfer in the two-phase three-field equations. In this paper, the process will be presented for choosing the best flow regime maps which occur in gas-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal and vertical tubes.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heat transfer and flow characteristics of water boiling flow were experimentally investigated in narrow horizontal rectangular channels with the gaps of 0.6mm-2.03mm. The heat transfer of two-phase boiling flow was weakend in smaller gap. The two-phase friction pressure drop decreased with the gap size and the two-phase friction multipliers were smaller compared with those in normal channels. Correlations to predict te boiling heat transfer coefficients were obtained. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

High-level ab initio calculations have been performed on the exo and endo isomers of gas-phase

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The GERDA experiment is located in the underground Gran Sasso laboratory. The experiment aims at studying the neutrinoless ?? decay of 76Ge. The implementation of the experiment is divided in two consecutive phases. Phase I will allow within one year of data taking to reach a sensitivity limit for the half life of the process of the order of Formula Not Shown years. Phase II, with an increased amount of active material and a background index lower by one order of magnitude than in Phase I, will allow to reach a half life limit of about Formula Not Shown years. In the present paper a brief review of the status of the experiment and its perspectives is given.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors attemps to confirm a modification of the phase-absprotion method applicable to the study of the decay rate of energy stored in the upper level in the active medium of a CO/sub 2/-laser. The essence of the method is described. Relationships are determined which allow one to obtain the unknown parameters of the experimentally measured phase shift. The work exeprimentally shows the possibility of studying vibratioanl relaxation in the active medium of a CO/sub 2/-laser by the phase-absorption method using both ordinary and isotope-substitued molecules.

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In reservoir fluid flow, the situation described by an increase in nonwetting phase saturation followed by an increase in wetting phase saturation causes a relative permeability hysteresis effect that is well known. This paper presents a method which allows the calculation of imbibition relative permeability starting at any saturation. The data required are the drainage curve, the historical maximum non wetting saturation, and a minimum of one additional point on some corresponding experimental imbibition curve. In this development, all imbibition curves are shown to be parallel. Also significant is the fact that the residual nonwetting phase saturation can be calculated without a complete experimental specification of the imbibition curve. 5 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A model of a solid disordered ortho-parahydrogen mixture with infinite long-range interaction J/sub ij/ between orthomolecules distributed in accordance with a normal law with first moment J/sub 0/ is investigated. It is shown that the introduction of an external electric field gradient ..gamma.. can give rise to a phase transition to an orientational phase. The possible existence of an orientational glass phase is established. The influence of the degeneracy of the hydrogen orthomolecules on the low-temperature thermal properties of these systems is demonstrated, and a condition of stability of the replica-symmetric solution is established. At low temperatures, this solution is stable for a large value of ..gamma.. or J/sub 0/.nctio

Science.gov (United States)

... Progress: For a one-dimensional two-phase degenerate Stefan problem, it was proved that the boundary and the solutions up to the boundary are C ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The refractory nature and high ductility of body centered cubic (bcc) phase tantalum makes it a suitable material for corrosion- and wear-resistant coatings on surfaces that are subjected to high stresses and harsh chemical and erosive environments. Sputter deposition can produce thick tantalum films but is prone to forming the brittle tetragonal beta phase of this material. Efforts aimed at forming thick bcc phase tantalum coatings in both flat plate and cylindrical geometries by high-rate triode sputtering methods are discussed. In addition to substrate temperature, the bcc-to-beta phase ratio in sputtered tantalum coatings is shown to be sensitive to other substrate surface effects.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weakly absorbing materials, such as biological, soft tissues, can be imaged by generating contrast due to the phase shift of X-rays. In the past decade, several methods for X-ray phase imaging were proposed and demonstrated. The performance of X-ray phase imaging is attractive in the field of medical imaging technology, and its development for practical use is expected. Many methods, however, have been developed under the assumption of the use of synchrotron radiation, which is an obstacle to practical use. The method based on Talbot (-Lau) interferometry enables us to use a compact X-ray source, and its development is expected as a breakthrough for medical applications. (author)

CERN Document Server

A theory of nonunitary-invertible as well as unitary canonical transformations is formulated in the context of Weyl's phase space representations. Exact solutions of the transformation kernels and the phase space propagators are given for the three fundamental canonical maps as fractional-linear, gauge and contact (point) transformations. Under the nonlinear maps a phase space representation is mapped to another phase space representation thereby extending the standard concept of covariance. This extended covariance allows Dirac-Jordan transformation theory to naturally emerge from the Hilbert space representations in the Weyl quantization.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present results from ab-initio electronic-structure calculations of mechanical properties of the rhombohedral phase of vanadium reported in recent experiments (R Ia), and other predicted high-pressure phases (R Ib and bcc), focusing on properties relevant to dynamic experiments. We find that of the three transitions the largest volume collapse (1.3%) is for the R Ia to R Ib transition. Calculations of the single crystal and polycrystal elastic constants reveal a remarkably small discontinuity across the phase transitions even at zero temperature where the transitions are first order.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corrosion testings of model alloys, corresponding by chemical composition to simple and complex-alloyed #gamma#- and #gamma#'-phases of nickel heat-resistant alloys are conducted in sodium sulfate and chloride melts. It is ascertained that heat resistant nickel alloys containing over 50 % of hardening #gamma#'-phase, are subject to disastrous sulfide corrosion (SC). Resistance against SC alloys containing below 50 % of #gamma#'-phase is determined by the resistance of #gamma#-solid solution. 10 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

Science.gov (United States)

A new high capacity anode composite based on mesoporous silicon is proposed. By virtue of a structure that resembles a pseudo one-dimensional phase, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose of the Phase I effort was to demonstrate feasibility of the fuel cell/battery system for powering a small bus (under 30 ft or 9 m) on an urban bus route. A brassboard powerplant was specified, designed, fabricated, and tested to demonstrate feasibility in the laboratory. The proof-of-concept bus, with a powerplant scaled up from the brassboard, will be demonstrated under Phase II.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method for the quantitative determination of atmospheric hydroperoxyl radical comprising: (a) contacting a liquid phase atmospheric sample with a chemiluminescent compound which luminesces on contact with hydroperoxyl radical; (b) determining luminescence intensity from the liquid phase atmospheric sample; and (c) comparing said luminescence intensity from the liquid phase atmospheric sample to a standard luminescence intensity for hydroperoxyl radical. An apparatus for automating the method is also included.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

After slow progress in the efforts to develop phase plates for electron microscopes, functional phase plate using thin carbon film has been reported recently. It permits collecting high-contrast images...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A mathematical model is proposed for three-phase filtering which is a particular case of a more general model of filtering multiple component mixtures and makes it possible to describe three-phase filtering flows under conditions where the pressure of saturation is variable in time and in space. In the proposed model, the system of unknown functions is selected so that it makes it possible to trace fairly simply the pressure of saturation and to compute the corresponding equation coefficients.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experiments were performed on horizontal air-water bubbly two-phase flow, axial flow, stratified wavy flow, and annular flow. Theoretical studies were also undertaken on interfacial parameters for a horizontal two-phase flow.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It if first shown, that the effective field of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of Fe-Cr-P-C and Fe-Ni-B-Si system amorphous alloys is reduced with an increase of the source melt isothermal exposure time. The behaviour noted is conditioned by microcoherence and relaxation processes in the nonequilibrium liquid phase after crystal-liquid phase transition.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phased array provides many advantages over conventional ultrasonic testing method, but phased array has also limitations. This paper describes typical results of the experimental sound field analysis generated from the array probe. A photo-elastic ultrasonic visualization technique was applied in this study. The sound fields of shear wave generated from the array probe was equivalent to that from the fixed angle probe. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

The objective of the program is to develop a domestic cooktop with low NOx emissions and higher efficiency. During the first phase of the program, a developmental prototype incorporating four IR-Jet burners was assembled. The report describes the work performed during the second phase of the program and covers optimization, and testing of the developmental prototype and design, fabrication and testing of the field-test prototype.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Several aspects of heat transfer at the annular two phase flow regime are considered. Nucleate boiling is supposed to be absent. Theoretical solutions for cases of laminar and turbulent flow in the liquid film, respectively, are considered, when steam presence does not effect the heat transfer. Heat transfer in annular flows is also considered, where steam phase consists totally or partially of the so-called incondensable gas. In this case steam phase can be a considerable resistance to heat transfer.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) is the major M-phase kinase known also as the M-phase Promoting Factor or MPF. Studies performed during the last decade have shown many details of how CDK1 is regulated...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present in this paper the computer code BACCHUS, to analyze the thermal-hydraulics in a rod bundle in single or two-phase flow regime. The model is 2-D and uses the porous body approach. The two-phase model is an extension of the classical homogeneous model, and includes a differential non-equilibrium equation. Results are shown for the extension of the boiling region in a 19-pin bundle. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Flow-induced vibration is an important concern to the designers of heat exchangers subjected to high flows of gases or liquids. Two-phase cross-flow occurs in industrial heat exchangers, such as nuclear steam generators, condensers, and boilers, etc. Under certain flow regimes and fluid velocities, the fluid forces result in tube vibration and damage due to fretting and fatigue. Prediction of these forces requires an understanding of the flow regimes found in heat exchanger tube bundles. Excessive vibrations under normal operating conditions can lead to tube failure. Relatively little information exists on two-phase vibration. This is not surprising as single-phase flow induced vibration; a simpler topic is not yet fully understood. Vibration in two-phase is much more complex because it depends upon two-phase flow regime, i.e. characteristics of two-phase ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The two-fluid model representation for calculations of two-phase flow characteristics in the FBR fuel pin bundles with liquid metal cooling is presented and analysed. Two conservation equations systems of the mass, momentum and energy have been written for each phase. Components accounted the mass-, momentum- and heat transfer throughout the interface occur in the macro-field equations after the averaging procedure realisation. The pattern map and correlations for two-fluid model in vertical liquid metal flows are presented. The description of processes interphase mass- and heat exchange and interphase friction is determined by the two-phase flow regime. The opportunity of the liquid metal two-phase flow regime definition is analysed. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The thermal transformation of Al-base icosahedral phases was studied in-situ by real time neutron powder diffraction. Different compositions have been selected in order to vary the initial phase morphology and change the neutron scattering contrast between species. Alloys with low silicon and large aluminium contents produce first the orthorhombic O-Al_6Mn modification. In alloys with larger silicon content, the #alpha#-AlMnSi cubic phase appears soon after the beginning of the transformation but is still preceeded by O-Al_6Mn. Depending on compositions, the crystallization of the icosahedral phase is controlled either by the diffusion of Al through its interface with the residual fcc aluminium or that of Si within the bulk. The results are discussed in the light of current structural models. (author) 40 refs., 14 figs., 3 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raman and infrared spectroscopy of para-H{sub 2} to pressures in excess of 200GPa and to 8K using new ultrapure synthetic diamond anvils reveals numerous new vibrational excitations in the three high-pressure phases. Highly resolved Raman-active librons indicate differences in orientational ordering between phasesII and III, including evidence for changes within phaseII. The librons in phaseIII are strongly pressure dependent and reflect a substantial increase in ordering with pressure. Multiple vibrons in all three phases (I, II, and III) are observed. The results place new bounds on predicted crystal structures and dynamics of the dense molecular solid. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The automotive industry desires to optimize safety and lightweight construction for the production of cars and trucks. The resulting task for steel suppliers is to make steel grades available that can fulfil these requirements. Different projects have shown optimistic outlooks for optimization of safety and reduction of the weight of automobile bodies by using different high strength and ultra high strength steels. In the last group the dual phase steels play the lead. In recent years different steel grades have been developed and optimized for these applications. On one hand developing the mechanical properties as well as joining and forming of dual phase steels is one of the first steps. On the other hand different coated surfaces for various applications of dual phase steels is another step. Starting with characteristic production conditions for cold rolled hot dip galvanised dual phase steels, the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phase transformations from #alpha#- to #beta#-SiAlONs (i.e., from #alpha#' to #beta#') have been recently reported in a number of rare-earth SiAlON systems during postsintering heat treatment. In the present work, this transformation process in a Sm (#alpha# + #beta#)-SiAlON material is studied by using XRD, TEM, and EDS X-ray mapping techniques. It is observed that in addition to the formation of #beta#' and M' phases, the #alpha#'-to-#beta#' transformation is accompanied by a significant increase in the amount of an AlN-polytypoid phase. The results suggest that some #alpha#' phases are thermodynamically unstable at temperatures lower than the material sintering temperature and will decompose when conditions allow. For the composition studied in this work, the #alpha#-SiAlON decomposition can be described in general as #alpha#' #-># #beta#' + M' + AlN polytypoid.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper explores the through-/in-plane characteristics of water transport in the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). Theoretical analysis is performed on the non-isothermal two-phase flow under flow channels. A dimensionless group Da (Damkohler number for PEFC operation), defined as the ratio of water generation rate to water vapor-phase removal rate, is formulated to characterize the flow regimes in a PEFC. This group, lumping geometrical parameters and physical properties, compares the water vapor-phase removal capability (via water diffusion and holding capacity) with the rate of water production by the oxygen reduction reaction. We find that this dimensionless group can be used to characterize the non-isothermal, two-phase phenomena: when Da&...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experimental investigations have been conducted to determine two-phase natural circulation interfacial parameters by real-time neutron radiography. The natural circulation loop used in the present experiments consists of a vertical two-phase section, a gas liquid separator, and a gas injection/heating section. Experiments were performed in a neutron beam for visualization using realtime neutron radiography system. The natural circulation was initiated by injection of known gas flow rate in the heated section. Two-phase flow interfacial parameters including interfacial geometry and phase velocities etc. for bubbly flow and slug flow patterns observed in the experiments will be given in detail. The results indicate that while the natural circulation is largely as expected and that steady stable flows are possible, there are some local phenomena that introduce instabilities due to the interfacial phenomena ...

CERN Document Server

Analysis of the dynamics of the cavity radiation of a coherently pumped correlated emission laser is presented. The phase fluctuation and dephasing are found to affect the time evolution of the two-mode squeezing and intensity of the cavity radiation significantly. The intensity and degree of the two-mode squeezing increase at early stages of the process with time, but this trend changes rapidly afterwards. It is also shown that they increase with phase fluctuation and dephasing in the strong driving limit, however the situation appears to be opposite in the weak driving limit. This essentially suggests that the phase fluctuation and dephasing weaken the coherence induced by a strong driving mechanism so that the spontaneous emission gets a chance. The other important aspect of the phase fluctuation, in this regard, is the relaxation of the time at which the maximum squeezing is manifested as well as ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experimental data on A-15 binary phases (the lattice parameter dependence on composition, phase diagrams, etc.) have been considered and the so-called ''compounds with A-15 structure'' are shown to be solid solutions of element substitution in the structure of A-15 type. Values of lattice parameter and atomic volume of A-15 modifications for 21 elements have been obtained (for Zr, W, Nb, Mo, V in particular). There has been shown the possibility of calculation of atomic volumes and lattice parameters of A-15 binary phases at the lack of direct experimental data. The essential role of atomic volume relations of different phases has been observed for the estimation of stability conditions of A-15 phase.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A very simple theoretical scheme is proposed to implement two- and three-qubit controlled-phase gates firstly only using a single resonant interaction between ladder-type three-level atoms and the single-mode cavity. In the presented protocol, the quantum information is encoded on the stable ground states of the atoms (as the controlling qubits) and the zero- and one-photon Fock states of cavity-field (as the target qubit). Under the influence of the atomic spontaneous emission, the decay of the cavity-mode, and deviation of the coupling strength, the three-qubit controlled-phase gate may have a comparatively high fidelity. The experimental feasibility of controlled-phase gate and the case that is extended to realize N-qubit controlled-phase gate are also discussed. (general)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To compare the accuracy of MR imaging using an endorectal-pelvic and a pelvic phased-array coil for preoperative local staging of rectal carcinoma. To determine preoperative staging, 38 patients with rectal carcinoma underwent MR imaging. All patients were examined with both an endorectal-pelvic and a pelvic phased-array coil. All underwent surgery and staging was pathologically confirmed. Two radiologists blinded to pathologic stage analyzed perirectal invasion and perirectal node metastasis, and scored according to a four-point scale. Radiologic and pathologic findings were correlated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of Wilcoxon statistic (W values) was used to compare diagnostic accuracy between the two different MR methods. Interobserver variation was measured using {kappa} statistics. For perirectal invasion, T1WI endorectal-pelvic phased-array coil images (reader 1:0. 854, reader 2:0.818) showed ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes the comprehensive modeling method of fluid and heat flows in the hydrological system. Based upon the concept that the hydrological system is composed of the air-water 2-phase fluids, and the rock phase, various natural processes are modeled including surface/subsurface 2-phase mass transfer, heat exchanges between fluid phases, between fluid and solid phases, and sensible/latent heat exchanges on the ground surface. A field-oriented numerical simulator is developed, in which a set of governing equations is solved for different variables on the surface and in subsurface regions, respectively. Results of an experimental study are presented, in which transient formulation of heat exchange between fluid/solid phases is examined through matching of the observation and calculated performances. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iron undergoes a polymorphic phase transformation from alpha phase (bcc) to the epsilon phase (hcp) when compressed to stresses exceeding 13 CPa. Bccause the epsilon phase is denser than the alpha phase, a single shock wave is unstable and breaks up into an elastic wave, a plastic wave, and a phase transition wave. Examination of this structured wave coupled with various phase transformation models has been used to indirectly examine the transition kinetics. Recently, multimillion atom simulations (molecular dynamics) have been used to examine the shock-induced transition in single crystal iron illustrating an orientation dependence of the transition stress, mechanisms, and kinetics. The objective of the current work was to perform plate impact experiments to examine the shock-response of polycrystalline and single crystal iron with ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of the nitrogen uptake in {alpha}-iron upon spark erosion in gaseous and liquid ammonia, plasma nitriding, and plasma immersion ion implantation is studied. The resulting phases and hyperfine parameters, measured by the Moessbauer spectroscopy, are discussed from the point of view of initial conditions of their preparation and subsequent heat and/or mechanical treatment. Spark erosion in the ammonia gas produces fine particles with the dominating ferromagnetic {alpha}-Fe phase (50%). The 20% of specimen volume form {alpha}'-Fe and {alpha}''-Fe{sub 16}N{sub 2} phases. The last 30% occupy the {gamma}'-Fe{sub 4}N, ferro- and paramagnetic {epsilon} phases, and {gamma}-Fe(N). Nitriding in the liquid ammonia allows to incorporate the higher content of nitrogen into {alpha}-iron particles which results in the formation of paramagnetic {epsilon}({zeta})-Fe{sub 2}N ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aluminum-containing intergranular phases, forming intergranular films and secondary phase particles at triple-junctions in SiC hot-pressed with aluminum, boron, and carbon additions, were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Statistical high-resolution electron microscopy study of intergranular films indicated that a large fraction of the vitreous intergranular films in the s-hot-pressed SiC crystallized during postannealing in argon above 1000 C. However, brief heating to 1900 C indeed re-melted 25 percent of the crystallized intergranular films. The structural transitions were reflected in the statistical width distributions of the amorphous grain boundary layers. At triple-junctions, Al2O3, Al2OC-SiC solid solution, and mullite phases were newly identified. These phases,together with others reported before are represented in a quaternary phase diagram for 1900 C. It is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry, in situ Moessbauer spectroscopy (MS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies in Metglas ribbons subjected to different heat treatments. The temperature evolution of the hyperfine field H_h_f(T) and the Curie temperature (T_c) of the amorphous phase are determined. The magnetic field originally present in the amorphous phase has a 'normal' behavior, in the sense that it can be described by the Weiss molecular field theory. The total angular momentum of the iron atoms turns out to be 5/2 and this implies Fe"3"+ in which the electronic spins are uncoupled. When the samples are maintained near T_c (#approx#673 K), three new magnetic phases are detected in the Moessbauer spectra, indicating an onset of a crystallization process well below the first crystallization temperature (T_X_1), as determined by DSC (#approx#820 K). The magnetic behavior ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Excitation functions, production yields and radionuclidic purities are described for "2"0"1Tl production by the "2"0"3Tl(p,3n) "2"0"1Pb #-># "2"0"1Tl and "2"0"5Tl(p,5n)"2"0"1Pb#->#"2"0"1Tl nuclear reactions. The yields (mCi g"-"1 cm"2/#mu#A-hr) of the parent "2"0"1Pb(9.4hr), as well as the radiocontaminants "2"0"0Pb(21.5hr), sup(202m)Pb(3.62 hr), "2"0"3Pb(52.1 hr) and sup(204m)Pb(1.115 hr) were measured by irradiating a stack of thin natural Tl foils with protons from the 76-in isochronous cyclotron at the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory. The "2"0"1Tl thick-target yield (mCi/#mu#A hr) was calculated for different target thicknesses and corresponding incident proton energies. The excitation functions for the "2"0"3Tl(p,3n)"2"0"1Pb and "2"0"5Tl(p,5n)"2"0"1Pb reactions were measured in the 15-60-MeV energy range. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An experimental study was performed in order to study the nuclear structure in odd--odd In isotopes. Low lying nuclear energy levels in "1"1"0In and "1"1"2In were determined from de-excitation #gamma#-rays produced with "1"0"7AG(#alpha#,n#gamma#)"1"1"0In, "1"0"8Pd("6Li,4n#gamma#)"1"1"0In, "1"0"9Ag(#alpha#,n#gamma#)"1"1"2In and "1"1"0Pd("6Li,4n#gamma#)"1"1"2In reactions. In addition, the "1"1"4In energy level structure was investigated with the "1"1"0Pd("7Li,3n#gamma#)"1"1"4In reaction. Properties of de-excitation #gamma#-rays were determined from #gamma#--#gamma# coincidence excitation and angular distribution measurements conducted with Ge(Li) and Ge(intr.) #gamma#-ray detectors. A sequence of intraconnected levels in each of "1"1"0 "1"1"2 "1"1"4In were assigned to the (#pi#"-"1/sub 9/2/, #nu#h/sub 11/2) configuration. For the "1"1"0 "1"1"2"1"1"4In energy level schemes a model calculation was performed using the pairing-plus-quadrupole model, which reproduced states of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Optimal design of the hyperfractionated radiotherapy requires basic radiobiological data such as the critical dose per fraction, number of fractions per day and total equivalent dose, to name a few. As a prelude to in vivo hyperfractionated irradiation, the authors carried out experiments to determine quantitative changes in the proliferation and cell kinetic parameters of multicellular spheroids after hyperfractionated irradiation. Experiments were carried out with HeLa S-3 spheroid growing in MEM culture media. Hyperfractionated irradiation schedules were 1.5 Gy/f, 2f/day and 1.0 Gy/f, 3 f/day. At intervals after irradiation, cell numbers, growth delays and cell cycle distribution of spheroids were determined. The kinetic data were obtained by the use of flow cytometry. The most pronounced changes in cell kinetic parameters were early G/sub 2/M block, proportional to single radiation dose up to 4.0 Gy. There was a corresponding depletion of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A human cholangiocarcinoma, Ch-1, serially transplanted to nude mice was used for experimental chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and conbination chemoradiotherapy. In the group of chemotherapy with single drug, Mitomycin C (MMC) revealed greater effectiveness than Adriamycin in terms of tumor regression, histological findings, and minor side effects. MMC and radiotherapy by Linac X-ray showed exponential linear dose response curve against tumor weight. Their effects were equivalent at doses of MMC 1 mg/kg and radiation 1,000 rads/mouse in the changes of tumor weight and of histological findings which were similar to each other. Combination chemoradiotherapy showed the synergistic action when the radiation (500 rads/mouse) was performed before MMC (0.5 mg/kg) administration, whereas only the additive effect was observed when the sequence was reversed. The cell kinetic analysis was performed by the impulse cytophotometry, "3H-thymidine uptake labeling index (L.I.), and mitotic (M.I.) on 24 and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Findings indicate an urgent need to establish a monitoring program for persistent organic pollutants in water and sediment. - Marine culture is thriving in China and represents a major component of the regional economy in coastal zones, yet the environmental quality of many of those areas has never been studied. This paper attempts to investigate the quality status of Daya Bay, a key aquaculture area in China. The levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in water and sediment samples of the bay. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs varied from 4228 to 29325 ng l"-"1 in water, and from 115 to 1134 ng g"-"1 dry weight in sediments. In comparison to many other marine systems studied, the PAH levels in Daya Bay waters were relatively high, and at six sites they were sufficiently high (>10 #mu#g l"-"1) to cause acute toxicity. The PAH composition pattern in sediments suggest dominance by medium to high molecular weight ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has two major functions: interacting with the receptor to mediate virus entry and inducing protective immunity. Coincidently, the receptor-binding domain (RBD, residues 318-510) of SAR-CoV S protein is a major antigenic site to induce neutralizing antibodies. Here, we used RBD-Fc, a fusion protein containing the RBD and human IgG1 Fc, as a model in the studies and found that a single amino acid substitution in the RBD (R441A) could abolish the immunogenicity of RBD to induce neutralizing antibodies in immunized mice and rabbits. With a panel of anti-RBD mAbs as probes, we observed that R441A substitution was able to disrupt the majority of neutralizing epitopes in the RBD, suggesting that this residue is critical for the antigenic structure responsible for inducing protective immune responses. We also demonstrated that the RBD-Fc bearing R441A mutation could not ...

CERN Document Server

The effect of one on-ramp (entry) and one off-ramp (exit) is investigated numerically in one dimensional-cellular automaton traffic flow model, with open boundary conditions, using parallel dynamics. Our aim in this paper is to study how the injecting rates $\\alpha$ and $\\alpha_{0}$ and the extracting rates $\\beta$ and $\\beta_{0}$ acts on the density and flux of cars in one dimensional road. The priority of occupation at entry site $i_{1}$ (moving at exit site $i_{2}$) is attributed to the particle which entered (absorbed) in the chain. Phase diagrams in ($\\beta_{0},\\alpha_{0}$), and ($\\beta,\\alpha_{0}$) plans are established. For $\\alpha=0.1$, they show three different topologies in the flow behaviour. The first one correspond to the presence of four regions, by varying $\\alpha_{0}$; namely low density phase (LDP), intermediate density phase (IDP), plateau current phase (PCP) and high density ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The current work focuses on the pressure drop, heat transfer and stability in two phase flow in microchannels with hydraulic diameter of less than one hundred microns. Experiments were conducted in smooth microchannels of hydraulic diameter of 45, 65 {mu}m, and a rough microchannel of hydraulic diameter of 70 {mu}m, with deionised water as the working fluid. The local saturation pressure and temperature vary substantially over the length of the channel. In order to correctly predict the local saturation temperature and subsequently the heat transfer characteristics, numerical techniques have been used in conjunction with the conventional two phase pressure drop models. The Lockhart-Martinelli (liquid-laminar, vapour-laminar) model is found to predict the two phase pressure drop data within 20%. The instability in two phase flow is quantified; it is found that microchannels of smaller hydraulic diameter ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Within the framework of a study on the chemical wear behaviour of sialon ceramics a range of compositions were prepared in which the alumina content was varied from 6 to 77 weight percent. The materials were hot-pressed from alumina and silicon nitride powders to a density of at least 97%. The structure and compositions of the phases occurring in these samples i.e. the O' phase, #beta#'-sialon solid solution and especially the X-phase were thoroughly characterized with respect to structure and composition using electron microprobe and transmission electron microscopy techniques. These results will be discussed in the light of earlier phase diagram studies. Some basic properties such as E-modulus and toughness were measured and related to microstructural features. E-modulus as well as toughness are at a minimum for materials with a high content of the X-phase. Oxidation of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The multidimensional countercurrent two-phase flow regimes that occur in a pressurized-water reactor (PWR) vessel downcomer during the refill phase of a large-break loss-of-coolant accident are studied using a transparent 1/10 scale model of a PWR vessel. The various flow regimes and their distribution in the downcomer have been identified and mapped for a range of air-water flooding experiments. The two-phase flow patterns that are identified in the downcomer included various types of film flows, droplet flows, countercurrent churn flows and cocurrent flows depending on the flooding condition. Through observation of the two-phase flow dynamics it was deduced that the physical mechanisms associated with the flooding processes could be separated into a liquid entrainment process and a film flow reversal process. In addition to the above exercise, the effect of non-uniform injection of water into the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Piezoelectric ceramics for acoustic applications have been prepared by mixing the piezoelectric phase Pb{sub 1-1.5x}La{sub x}{open_square}{sub x/2}(Ti{sub 1-y}Zr{sub y})O{sub 3} (PLZT) with variable fractions of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The samples are in form of pellets and polarized at high temperature. After thermal treatment, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy have been used to determine the phase and morphological modifications. The morphotropic PLZT initial phase disproportionates into modified PLZT and ZrO{sub 2} phases. Using electrical impedance spectroscopy, the resonance frequencies of the composite system have been determined and analyzed. As the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} volume fractions increase, the resonance frequency and the amplitude of the electrical response both decrease. An interpretation of the role of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} additions is proposed in terms of ...

CERN Document Server

We present results from Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the mid-infrared phase variations of three short-period extrasolar planetary systems: HD 209458, HD 179949 and 51 Peg. We gathered IRAC images in multiple wavebands at eight phases of each planet's orbit. We find the uncertainty in relative photometry from one epoch to the next to be significantly larger than the photon counting error at 3.6 micron and 4.5 micron. We are able to place 2-sigma upper limits of only 2% on the phase variations at these wavelengths. At 8 micron the epoch-to-epoch systematic uncertainty is comparable to the photon counting noise and we detect a phase function for HD 179949 which is in phase with the planet's orbit and with a relative peak-to-trough amplitude of 0.00141(33). Assuming that HD 179949b has a radius R_J < R_p < 1.2R_J and a small Bond albedo, it must recirculate less than ...

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Two-phase pressure drop and fluctuating static pressures were measured in a small horizontal rectangular channel (hydraulic diameter = 5.44 mm). The two-phase fluid was an air/water mixture at atmospheric pressure tested over a mass flux range of 50 to 2,000 kg/m[sup 2] [center dot] s. Two-phase flow patterns were identified and an objective method was found for determining the flow pattern transition from bubble or plug flow to slug flow. The method is based on an RMS static pressure measurement. In particular, it is shown that the transition is accompanied by a clear and abrupt increase in the RMS pressure when plotted as a function of mass quality. Use of the RMS pressure as a two-phase flow pattern transition indicator is shown to have advantages over pressure-versus-time trace evaluations reported in the literature. The transition is substantiated by a clear local change in slope in the curve of ...

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Volume VI of the documentation for the Phase I Data Analysis Task performed in support of the current Regional Flow Model, Transport Model, and Risk Assessment for the Nevada Test Site Underground Test Area Subproject contains the groundwater flow model data. Because of the size and complexity of the model area, a considerable quantity of data was collected and analyzed in support of the modeling efforts. The data analysis task was consequently broken into eight subtasks, and descriptions of each subtask's activities are contained in one of the eight volumes that comprise the Phase I Data Analysis Documentation.

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Volume II of the documentation for the Phase I Data Analysis Task performed in support of the current Regional Flow Model, Transport Model, and Risk Assessment for the Nevada Test Site Underground Test Area Subproject contains the potentiometric data. Because of the size and complexity of the model area, a considerable quantity of data was collected and analyzed in support of the modeling efforts. The data analysis task was consequently broken into eight subtasks, and descriptions of each subtask's activities are contained in one of the eight volumes that comprise the Phase I Data Analysis Documentation.

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FLOWTRAN-TF is a new two-component, two-phase thermal-hydraulics code to capture the detailed assembly behavior associated with loss-of-coolant accident analyses in multichannel assemblies of the SRS reactors. The local interfacial area of the two-phase mixture is computed by summing the interfacial areas contributed by each of three flow regimes. For smooth flow regime transitions, the code uses an interpolation technique in terms of component void fraction for each basic flow regime.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A weak shift of the isotope concentration ratio Li{sup 6}/Li{sup 7} was measured in the coexisting phases of the miscibility gap of lithium-ammonia solutions. Li{sup 6} is slightly enriched in the concentrated metallic phase (enrichment factor {alpha} = 1.009 {+-} 0.002). This effect can be enhanced in a counter-current column to yield any desired enrichment of the two isotopes. The counter current system and its operation were tested succesfully with a sodium-potassium-ammonia solution.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phase transformations in TiD_#approx#_0_._7_5 subjected to high-pressure treatment were investigated by simultaneous real-time measurements of neutron diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering. The neutron spectra were taken on heating the samples in temperature ranges 100 to 300 K and 300 to 870 K. A sequence of structural transitions was observed, which involves 7 different phases and intermediate states with hcp, fcc, fco or bcc metal sublattices and hydrogen atoms. 30 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The first successful application of a new method to investigate phase transformations in real time, like the decomposition of austenite into bainite in grey iron, is described. During the ongoing transformation, transmission spectra of thermal neutrons, which contain Bragg edges corresponding to the crystal structure of the transforming phases, are recorded. By evaluating the height of these Bragg edges, which is a measure of the volume fraction of the phase, at different transformation times, the transformation can be followed in-situ in a time resolved manner. The method is compared to other previously used methods (micrographs, dilatometry, diffraction techniques); also a summary and an outlook are given. ((orig.)).

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A computed tomography (CT) cut-off for differentiating neoplastic lesions (polyps/carcinoma) from normal colon in contrast-enhanced CT colonography (CTC) relating to the contrast phase and lesion size is determined. CT values of 64 colonic lesions (27 polyps <10 mm, 13 polyps {>=}10 mm, 24 carcinomas) were determined by region-of-interest (ROI) measurements in 38 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CTC. In addition, the height (H) of the colonic lesions was measured in CT. CT values were also measured in the aorta (A), superior mesenteric vein (V) and colonic wall. The contrast phase was defined by xA + (1 - x)V using x as a weighting factor for describing the different contrast phases ranging from the pure arterial phase (x=1) over the intermediate phases (x=0.9-0.1) to the pure venous phase (x=0). The CT values of the lesions were correlated ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In recent years, the phase stability of austenitic stainless steels, and its effect on the mechanical properties of stainless steels, have been the subject of much interest. With the availability of new experimental techniques, new theoretical methods, and new computational procedures, significant advances have been made in understanding, and being able to predict, phase stability and mechanical properties of stainless steel welds. This paper reviews some of these developments, with an emphasis on recent work that has been done at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.