Science.gov (United States)

Laser Doppler velocimetry and other photometric techniques are evaluated for measuring the average particle velocity in an ensemble of free-falling particles. The ability to obtain measurements in the presence of a radiant flux as high as 0.6 MW/m/sup 2/ was part of the evaluation. Optically dissimilar particles with diameters ranging from 0.1 mm to 1 mm were used in the study. Experimental results indicate that ensembles of particles do not behave as single isolated particles. The particle motion is dependent on particle volume fraction, and is quite unstable for falls greater than one meter.

Science.gov (United States)

... 24 1.6. Storm Movement .. .. . ... W hydrometeor fall speed containing the vertical velocity and the particle terminal fall speed (= w + V) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A model for energy transport in a solid particle cavity receiver is developed and applied to the design and analysis of a receiver for the Central Receiver Test Facility (CRTF), Albuquerque, New Mexico. The model gives thermal performance results - including particle temperatures, cavity efficiencies, and wall temperatures - which directly affect the economic and technical feasibility of a solid particle receiver. In addition, design criteria relevant to the configuration of a solid particle cavity receiver are developed. Results for CRTF indicate that at design conditions particle temperatures will exceed 1200/sup 0/K with cavity efficiencies on the order of 75%.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In an ideal system the surface of the dish is perfectly parabolic (no contour flaws are present), and the sun rays fall on the dish surface parallel to the focal axis (no sun tracking flaws are present). These two conditions are not realizable in practice; in this case, the parabolic dish system is called real system. In this paper a procedure for analysing the flux distribution on the receiver internal surfaces is presented for a cavity receiver with a real parabolic dish collector. First, the theoretical principles are discussed. Then the effect of the inaccuracy in the collector and in the sun tracking on the insolation pattern is described using an example.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The motion of a test particle moving in an interior static spherically symmetric geometry is investigated. The author concludes that an oscillatory motion with the test particle changing its motion from a free fall towards the center to an outward radial motion can not exist for any static interior spherically symmetric model.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A characterization study was performed on monosodium titanate (MST) particles to determine the effect of high shear forces expected from the In-Tank Precipitation (ITP) process pumps on the particle size distribution. The particles were characterized using particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). No significant changes in particle size distributions were observed between as-received MST and after 2--4 hours of shearing. Both as-received and sheared MST particles contained a large percentage of porosity with pore sizes on the order of 500 to 2,000 Angstroms. Because of the large percentage of porosity, the overall surface area of the MST is dominated by the internal surfaces. The uranium and plutonium species present in the waste solution will have access to both interior and exterior surfaces. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the case where sources and receivers are not distributed on a 2-D plane, seismic tomography inversion was studied. In tomography experiments, the existing wells are generally used. In such case, sources and receivers are frequently not distributed on a 2-D plane. The 2.5-D analysis method including 2-D structure and 3-D ray-tracing was thus developed. This method is featured by less memory necessary for ray-tracing calculation, and the same algorithm for velocity determination as 2-D analysis method. In previous methods, since analysis is generally carried out by projecting sources and receivers on a certain assumed 2-D plane, it can derive correct results in the case of constant velocity and straight ray, however, in the other case, it derives incorrect results. Application of 3-D tomography requires a large amount of memory, and falls into poor convergence because of various parameters. The 2.5-D ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A coherent lidar system has been constructed for the measurement of alpha particles in a burning plasma. The lidar system consists of a pulsed CO{sub 2} laser transmitter and a heterodyne receiver. The receiver local oscillator is a cw, sequence-band CO{sub 2} laser operating with a 63.23 GHz offset from the transmitter.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A full scale experiment was carried out to investigate the texture characteristics of the falling water of free falling and slope failing types. According to the increase of Reynolds number, the texture of falling water was classified into three categories for both types: stability of free surface, transition and whole turbulence. In the first category the stability of the free surface was related to the growth of minute disturbance. Surface tension works as a counter, force to the disturbance in free falling water, and gravity in slope falling water. 14 refs., 15 figs., 3 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Recent research findings of epidemiologist Alice Stewart suggest that nuclear workers may be at risk of contracting cancer even though their measured occupational doses fall within current safety standards. It is argued that these standards are inappropriate as they are based on extrapolations of studies on survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki explosions. These individuals received single doses of radiation, whereas today's nuclear industry personnel are exposed to low-level ionizing radiation over the length of their working lives. Stewart's team linked low dose occupational exposure to ionizing radiation with an increased risk of cancer in respiratory, digestive and blood-forming tissues. The nuclear industry and United States government agencies hotly contest these assertion with their potentially damaging political and economic consequences. (UK).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Capital investment in extra heavy crude production is expected to increase from $6 billion to $25 billion by 2005. In response to this forecast, producers are focusing their efforts on improving the quality of extra heavy crude right at the production sites to reduce their dependence on diluent, reduce pipelining costs, and to receive a higher return for their investment. Their efforts would also minimize environmental impacts at production sites. This slide presentation also proposed a solution to the problem associated with stability and incompatibility of thermal upgrading by taking advantage of the inherent incompatibility of extra heavy crudes and paraffinic diluents and using diluents to perform selective decarbonization (or the partial removal of asphaltene) to reduce heavy crude viscosity and density. A pilot-scale test has been conducted and a bench-scale unit will be carried out in Fall 2000.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This work describes the use of volatile halocarbons in a pulp mill effluent, including chloroform, bromodichloromethane, and tri- and tetrachloroethylene, as tracers for the distribution and movements of effluent currents in a receiving water bay (Jackfish Bay) on the northern shore of Lake Superior. The results indicate the simplicity and usefulness of the technique and the significantly improved resolution of effluent plume delineation over the customary use of conductance profiles. Concentration patterns of the effluent volatiles suggest counterclockwise circulation of bay water that mixes with inflowing lake water at the eastern reach of the outer bay. The distribution of volatile contaminants is governed by the thermal regime of the receiving waters. During the summer months, the effluent plume wedges between the thermocline and epilimnion, mixing into the surface waters as the distance from the input source increases. In the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Two avowable quantum communication schemes are proposed. One is an avowable teleportation protocol based on the quantum cryptography. In this protocol one teleports a set of one-particle states based on the availability of an honest arbitrator, the keys and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs shared by the communication parties and the arbitrator. The key point is that the fact of the teleportation can neither be disavowed by the sender nor be denied by the receiver. Another is an avowable quantum secure direct communication scheme. A one-way Hash function chosen by the communication parties helps the receiver to validate the truth of the information and to avoid disavowing for the sender.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An experimental investigation on the thermal decomposition of CH4 into C and H2 was carried out using a 5kW particle-flow solar chemical reactor tested in a solar furnace in the 1300-1600K range. The reactor features a continuous flow of CH4 laden with mm-sized carbon black particles, confined to a cavity receiver and directly exposed to concentrated solar irradiation of up to 1720 suns. The reactor performance was examined for varying operational parameters, namely the solar power input, seed particle volume fraction, gas volume flow rate, and CH4 molar concentration. Methane conversion and hydrogen yield exceeding 95% were obtained at residence times of less than 2.0s. A solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency of 16% was experimentally reached, and a maximum value of 31% was numer...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electrostatic beneficiation of dry coal has received significant attention in the last decade. In this process the coal is ground and then charged, either by corona charging or by triboelectrification (friction charging). Coal and minerals receive different levels of charge -- often opposite polarities in the case of triboelectrification -- and can then be separated based on differences in electrical mobility. Problems associated with the techniques include rapid deposition of particles on the electrodes, thus, effecting further separation. The goal of this project is to optimize the electrostatic coal cleaning process to remove pyrites and inorganic materials through studies of the electrostatic properties of powdered coal, in-situ measurements of the electrodynamics of coal and mineral particles inside the separator, and development of self-cleaning collector plates for continuous separation.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVESAlthough several studies suggest that slow gait speed is a predictor of falls, it may also be a protective mechanism to prevent falls. Further, fast walking...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The presented paper describes the formulation of the fractional mass balances which are used to calculate the concentration and size distribution of char in the balance cells of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. In case of using the shrinking core model additionally the distribution of conversion of the char particles is calculated. Basically two reaction models (a shrinking particle and a shrinking core model) are available to describe the combustion process. The model considers all essential physico/chemical phenomena (primary fragmentation, attrition, mass transfer to gas phase) which have to be taken into account for the description of the combustion process. The model is part of an overall simulation program for circulating fluidized bed boilers. This engineering simulator has been developed to return the main performance parameters of such systems like temperature along the furnace height, size distribution of balanced solid components, ...

CERN Document Server

Particle Swarm Optimization

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tensile specimens 60 ..mu..m thick of Ni-8 at. % Si have been bombarded at 475/sup 0/C to doses of 0.1 to 0.3 dpa with either 7 MeV proton or 28 MeV alpha particle beams. Deliberate embrittlement by high temperature (700/sup 0/C) preimplantation of helium was required to produce intergranular fracture. Depth profile sputtering and analysis in a Scanning Auger Microprobe was then used to study radiation-induced segregation of silicon both at the external surfaces and at internal interfaces. The external surfaces exhibited a strongly silicon-enriched zone for the first 10 to 20 nm followed by a broad (approx.200 nm), shallow silicon-depleted region. Segregation of silicon to grain boundaries varied from interface to interface and possibly from region to region on a given interface. In general, however, depth profiles of silicon content with distance from internal boundaries showed no noticeable depletion zone and a more gradual fall-off compared ...

Science.gov (United States)

We propose a simultaneous quantum secure direct communication scheme between one party and other three parties via four-particle GHZ states and swapping quantum entanglement. In the scheme, three spatially separated senders, Alice, Bob and Charlie, transmit their secret messages to a remote receiver Diana by performing a series of local operations on their respective particles according to the quadripartite stipulation. From Alice, Bob, Charlie and Diana's Bell measurement results, Diana can infer the secret messages. If a perfect quantum channel is used, the secret messages are faithfully transmitted from Alice, Bob and Charlie to Diana via initially shared pairs of four-particle GHZ states without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. As there is no transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message in the public channel, it is completely secure for the direct secret ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Theoretical and experimental results of investigating a cylindrical heat receiver with secondary reflectors are presented. One important element of solar thermal power plants (STPP) is the heat receiver. Several forms of heat receiver exist; the main form is the heat receiver of cavity form (including cylindrical, rectangular, and cubic heat receivers with a noncircular aperture). The linear dimension of such heat receivers is equal to, or larger than, the theoretical diameter of the concentrator focal spot.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wind River Resources Corporation (WRRC) received a DOE grant in support of its proposal to acquire, process and interpret fifteen square miles of high-quality 3-D seismic data on non-allotted trust lands of the Uintah and Ouray (Ute) Indian Reservation, northeastern Utah, in 2000. Subsequent to receiving notice that its proposal would be funded, WRRC was able to add ten square miles of adjacent state and federal mineral acreage underlying tribal surface lands by arrangement with the operator of the Flat Rock Field. The twenty-five square mile 3-D seismic survey was conducted during the fall of 2000. The data were processed through the winter of 2000-2001, and initial interpretation took place during the spring of 2001. The initial interpretation identified multiple attractive drilling prospects, two of which were staked and permitted during the summer of 2001. The two initial wells were drilled in September and October of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neutron time-of flight spectra were measured from 90 MeV protons and 140 MeV alpha-particle bombardment of Al, Ni, Zr, and Bi at laboratory angles between 20/sup 0/ and 130/sup 0/. The proton induced neutron spectra reveal three distinct energy regions; a low energy evaporation region, a high-energy region dominated by quasi-free scattering processes and an intermediate-energy region dominated by multi-step, pre-equilibrium processes. In the latter two regions, the spectra show strong angular dependence. The alpha-induced neutron spectra show these same distinct energy regions plus an exponential fall-off above the beam energy per nucleon. The high-energy portions of the forward-angle neutron and proton cross sections are in ratios consistent with the assumption that single nucleon-nucleon scattering dominates. For heavy-mass targets, the low-energy evaporation regions show neutron yields larger than proton yields. The proton-to-neutron ratios ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A cryocondensation pump was designed for the baffle chamber of General Atomics DIII-D tokamak and will be installed in the fall of 1992. The purpose of the pump is to study plasma density control by pumping the divertor. The pump is toroidally continuous, approximately 10 m long and located in the lower outer corner of the vacuum chamber of the machine. It consists of a 1 m{sup 2} liquid helium-cooled surface surrounded by a liquid nitrogen-cooled shield to limit the heat load on the helium-cooled surface. The liquid nitrogen-cooled surface is surrounded by a radiation/particle shield to prevent energetic particles from impacting and releasing condensed water molecules. A thermal enhancement coating was applied to the nitrogen shell to lower the maximum temperature of the shell. The coating is non-continuous to keep the toroidal electrical resistance high. The whole pump is supported off the water-cooled vacuum vessel wall. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

TransCanada Pipelines Limited submitted an application to the National Energy Board for new facilities to increase natural gas deliveries to its domestic and export markets. The proposed facilities consist of 1,590 km of pipeline, 21 new compressor units and two new compressor stations. The total cost of the facilities was estimated at $2,408 million. The Board considered at the hearing 15 applications made pursuant to Part IV of the National Energy Board Act for gas exports at existing delivery points at Emerson and Niagra Falls as well as at proposed new delivery points at Chippawa and Iroquois, Ontario. Twelve of these applications were filed in support of TransCanada's facilities application. Five applications were also filed pursuant to section 71 of the National Energy Board Act for orders requiring TransCanada to receive, transport and deliver natural gas offered by the applicants and to provide adequate and suitable facilities ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A numerical and experimental investigation is carried out in a solar thermochemical reactor for the thermal dissociation of ZnO at 2000 K using concentrated solar energy. The reactor consists of a cavity-receiver lined with ZnO particles and directly exposed to high-flux irradiation. A transient heat transfer model is formulated to link the rate of radiation, convection, and conduction heat transfer to the reaction kinetics. The radiosity and Monte Carlo methods are applied to obtain the distribution of net radiative fluxes at the internal surfaces of the reactor cavity and at the surface of the ZnO bed. Validation is accomplished in terms of the calculated and measured transient temperature profiles and chemical reaction rates.

CERN Document Server

Particle Detection with drift Chambers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study was initiated to provide empirical data and analyses on the dam passage timing, travel rate, survival, and life history variation of fall Chinook salmon that are produced in the Clearwater River. The area of interest for this study focuses on the lower four miles of the Clearwater River and its confluence with the Snake River because this is an area where many fish delay their seaward migration. The goal of the project is to increase our understanding of the environmental and biological factors that affect juvenile life history of fall Chinook salmon in the Clearwater River. The following summaries are provided for each of the individual chapters in this report.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) has been contracted through the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the Grant County Public Utility District (GCPUD) to perform an evaluation of juvenile fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) stranding on the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River. The evaluation, in the fifth year of a multi-year study, has been developed to assess the impacts of water fluctuations from Priest Rapids Dam on rearing juvenile fall chinook salmon, other fishes, and benthic macroinvertebrates of the Hanford Reach. This document provides the results of the 2001 field season.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) has been contracted through the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the Grant County Public Utility District (GCPUD) to perform an evaluation of juvenile fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) stranding on the Hanford Reach. The evaluation, in the third year of a multi-year study, has been developed to assess the impacts of water fluctuations from Priest Rapids Dam on rearing juvenile fall chinook salmon, other fishes, and benthic macroinvertebrates of the Hanford Reach. This document provides the results of the 1999 field season.

Science.gov (United States)

... rivers of the world, the Zaire is not an efficient transportation link because of many rapids and falls to negotiate between Kinshasa and the port city of Matadi. ...

Science.gov (United States)

HYPSOGRAPHY FOR THE FOLLOWING QUADS ALEXANDRIA, FALLS CHURCH, WASHINGTON WEST, MOUNT VERNON, ROCKVILLE, SENECA AND VIENNA. COVERAGE CONTAINS ATTRIBUTES DEFINING OWNERSHIP....

Science.gov (United States)

... AETC intelligence elements fall under the provisions of DoD regulation (DoD 5240.1-R, Procedures Governing the Activities of DoD Intelligence ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Apparatus for minimizing thermal loss in a windowless, open cavity solar receiver due to airflow at the receiver aperture includes means for deflecting wind away from the cavity opening such that flow stream reattachment occurs away from the receiver aperture to provide a dead air zone at the cavity opening. This prevents turbulent-mixing airflow exchange between ambient air and heated air within the solar receiver. The wind deflector apparatus includes either a passive annular deflection foil at the receiver aperture, or an active device for producing an outwardly projected air jet at the receiver aperture.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The main goals of nuclear astrophysics have been to probe the interiors of stars, stellar explosions, the early moments of cosmic expansion, and the formation and evolution of galaxies and cosmic structure by measurement and application of the relevant nuclear physics. The approach to these goals have generally been from three directions: 1) Careful measurements of the relevant nuclear reactions; 2) Detailed computer models of the relevant astrophysical environments; and 3) Observations of the relevant terrestrial and extra-terrestrial atomic and isotopic abundances. These approaches provide not only insight into the formation and evolution of the elements, but are also pillars upon which a variety of cosmological models as well as models for physics beyond the standard model of particle physics can stand or fall. At present there is a very exciting frontier on all three of these approaches. The development and applications of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The main purposes of this research was to investigate the feasibility of incineration of wool-scouring sludge in a novel vertical-axis-rotating fluidised bed (RFB). The experiment was carried out in a RFB with an internal diameter (ID) of 200 mm and height of 50 mm. A cold test was first conducted to investigate the fluidization performance of the RFB via parameters such as the bubbling, gas distribution, bed shape and pressure drop. The tumbling phenomena was observed in the bed, and this effectively enhanced the axial mixing. The appropriate range of bed thickness, rotating speed and sand particle size were identified to ensure the full fluidization and reduce the particle elutriation. Four wool-scouring sludges from different processes were incinerated in the RFB. With 5% support methane, all sludges with a maximum moisture up to 70% as received could be successfully burned in the RFB at rotating speeds of 200 and 300 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Studies were conducted to describe current habitat conditions in the White River basin above White River Falls and to evaluate the potential to produce anadromous fish. An inventory of spawning and rearing habitats, irrigation diversions, and enhancement opportunities for anadromous fish in the White River drainage was conducted. Survival of juvenile fish at White River Falls was estimated by releasing juvenile chinook and steelhead above the falls during high and low flow periods and recapturing them below the falls in 1983 and 1984. Four alternatives to provide upstream passage for adult salmon and steelhead were developd to a predesign level. The cost of adult passage and the estimated run size of anadromous fish were used to determine the benefit/cost of the preferred alternative. Possible effects of the introduction of anadromous fish on resident fish and on nearby Oak Springs Hatchery were ...

Wastenet

2 ...Amount received and number years supported Project Duration: 2 years Funding received from APN in Year1: US$...00 Funding received from APN in Year 2: US$40,000.00

CERN Document Server

We propose genuine ($k$, $m$)-threshold controlling schemes for controlled teleportation via multi-particle entangled states, where the teleportation of a quantum state from a sender (Alice) to a receiver (Bob) is under the control of $m$ supervisors such that $k$ ($k\\leq m$) or more of these supervisors can help Bob recover the transferred state. By construction, anyone of our quantum channels is a genuine multipartite entangled state of which any two parts are inseparable. Their properties are compared and contrasted with those of the well-known Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger, W, and linear cluster states, and also several other genuine multipartite entangled states recently introduced in literature. We show that our schemes are secure against both Bob's dishonesty and supervisors' treacheries. For the latter case, the game theory is utilized to prove that supervisors' cheats can be well prevented. In addition to their practical importance, our ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aetiology of childhood leukaemia remains generally unknown, although exposure to moderate and high levels of ionising radiation, such as was experienced during the atomic bombings of Japan or from radiotherapy, is an established cause. Risk models based primarily upon studies of the Japanese A-bomb survivors imply that low-level exposure to ionising radiation, including to ubiquitous natural background radiation, also raises the risk of childhood leukaemia. In a recent paper (Wakeford et al 2009 Leukaemia 23 770-6) we estimated the proportion of childhood leukaemia incidence in Great Britain attributable to natural background radiation to be about 20%. In this paper we employ the two sets of published leukaemia risk models used previously, but use recently published revised estimates of natural background radiation doses received by the red bone marrow of British children to update the previous results. Using the newer dosimetry we calculate that the best ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Monte Carlo method is used to analyse the dose fall-off at the exit surface of a megavoltage photon beam. The convolution/superposition method of dose calculation using Monte-Carlo-generated homogeneous photon kernels is shown to be in error for exit dose calculation. Instead, photon kernels that incorporate modelling of the exit surface were generated, also using Monte Carlo, to analyse the problem, and the calculated dose fall-off using these kernels agrees well with measured data. In addition, the physics underlying the characteristics of the dose fall-off is analysed based on complete Monte Carlo modelling. Practical improvements to the convolution/superposition method are suggested. (Author).

CERN Document Server

Flawless start for world's mightiest particle collider

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The proton beam has an advantage of the sharp dose falloff in dose distribution called Bragg peak while conventional radiation therapy modalities such as photons exhibit considerable amount of exit dose. To take advantage of this property it is important to know the exact location of the distal dose falloff. An error can cause overdose to the normal tissue or underdose to the tumor volume. The only way of finding out the dose distribution in-situ in particle therapy is to measure the gammas produced by nuclear reactions with tissue materials. Two kinds of gammas can be used: one is prompt gamma and the other is coincident gamma from the positron-emission isotopes. We chose to detect prompt gammas, and developed a prompt gamma scanning system (PGS). The proton beams of the proton therapy facility at National Cancer Center were used. The gamma distribution was compared to the dose distribution measured by an ionization chamber at three different energies of 100, 150, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aerosol and gas measurements were made with the University of Minnesota Mobile Laboratory (UMML) during the VISTTA programme near Page, Arizona. The UMML was stationed on Zilnez Mesa approx. 65 km east of the Navajo coal-fired power plant. Measurements were made both in and out of the power plant plume and were made during the day and night. Measured parameters included aerosol size distributions, Aitken nuclei count, ozone and sulphur dioxide concentrations, the aerosol light scattering coefficient, and meteorological parameters including ultraviolet radiation intensity. Concentrations of NO and NO/SUB/x were occasionally measured. Data show clear evidence of gas-to-particle conversion in the plume with aerosol volume being added in the 0.01 MUm - 0.32 MUm dia. range and new particles being formed. The observed excess aerosol volume depends strongly upon the SO/SUB/2 concentrations and the time of day with none observed in plume parcels which ...

Science.gov (United States)

Severe Crohn's Disease; Anxiety

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development and experimental demonstration of a high-temperature seal for the SHARE ceramic dome cavity receiver is reported. The mechanical contact seal which was tested on one-foot-diameter silicon-carbide ceramic-dome hardware at pressure differentials to four atmospheres and dome temperatures to 2200/sup 0/F (1200/sup 0/C) showed negligible leakage at expected receiver operating conditions. Potential solar receiver applications for the technology are illustrated.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The design of a global steady-state thermal model of a 100kWt molten salt cavity receiver was developed as part of the key project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of People's Republic of China (MOST). In the design process, the following factors were analyzed: receiver area, heat loss (convective, emissive, reflective and conductive), number of tubes in the receiver panel, tube diameter and receiver surface temperature. The model was also used to calculate the receiver performance of the Sandia National Laboratories' molten salt electric experiment (MSEE). In addition, the thermal performance of the designed molten salt cavity receiver is presented for a fixed outlet flow rate and a fixed output temperature.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is shown that the usual proof of the second law of black hole physics breaks down if there are tachyons present in the vicinity of a black hole. Explicit cases are discussed where a tachyon of positive energy falling into the Kerr singularity actually decreases the area of the Kerr black hole. (author).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

alpha-actinins are actin microfilament crosslinking proteins. Vertebrate actinins fall into two classes: the broadly-expressed actinins 1 and 4 (actn1 and actn4)...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The discussion of energy usage falls naturally into three parts. The first is a review of what the problem is, the second is a description of steps that can be taken to conserve energy at existing facilities, and the third is a review of the implications of energy consumption on future facilities.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The torque-velocity relationship is known to be affected by ageing, decreasing its protective role in the prevention of falls. Interindividual variability in this torque-velocity relationship is partly...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundDiet is considered an important factor for bone health, but is composed of a wide variety of foods containing complex combinations of nutrients. Therefore we investigated...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors investigate the optimisation of solar-heated cavity receivers in which solar energy collected by a paraboloid collector is converted into electrical energy. The focussed solar energy enters the receiver through an aperture to heat the working fluid, which flows inside the receiver tubes and is compressed by the compressor of a gas turbine system, to the highest process temperature. A method of calculating the distribution on the inner receiver surfaces of the solar radiation reflected by the paraboloid collector is presented to begin with. The interchange of radiant energy inside the receiver cavity can be calculated on this basis, including the radiation loads, the temperatures of the inner receiver walls, and the radiative and convective losses. The temperature fields in the tube walls must be known for determining the strength required of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Given a Schwarzschild black-hole, the frame sigma at rest with respect to the Schwarzschild metric are chosen as reference-frames. In this locally non-inertial frames, a free falling body is shown to reach the speed of light on the horizon and then to travel faster-than-light inside the horizon. The usual Szekeres-Kruskal (SK) coordinates represent themselves frames that (with respect to the frames sigma) travel at subliminal speed outside, at luminal speed on, and at superluminal speed inside the horizon (so that SK frames always describe any free falling body as a standard, slower-than-light object). At last, black-holes are shown to be possible sources of tachyons.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An improved hybrid solar/combustion powered receiver of the type having an insulated housing with a front end and a rear end, a heat exchanger positioned adjacent the rear housing end for extracting heat energy out of the receiver, the insulated housing surrounding the heat exchanger and forming a receiver cavity, the housing also including an aperature having an aperture axis, the aperture located in the front housing end for admitting solar radiation to the cavity to impinge upon the heat exchanger, and a plurality of gas burners to provide combustion gases within the receiver.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work, wet ball milling method is used in order to improve hydrogen sorption behaviour due to its improved microstructure of solid hydrogen materials. Compared to traditional ball milling method, wet ball milling has benefits on improvement of MgH{sub 2} microstructure and further influences on its hydrogen sorption behavior. With the help of solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF), wet ball milled MgH{sub 2} powder has much smaller particle size and its specific surface area is 7 times as large as that of dry ball milled MgH{sub 2} powder. Although after ball milling the grain size is decreased a lot compared to as-received MgH{sub 2} powder, the grain size of wet ball milled MgH{sub 2} powder is larger than that of dry ball milled MgH{sub 2} powder due to the lubricant effect of solvent THF during wet ball milling. The improved particle size and specific surface area of wet ball milled MgH{sub 2} powder is found to be ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Solar cavity receiver plays a dominant role in the light-heat conversion. Its performance can directly affect the efficiency of the whole power generation system. A combined calculation method for evaluating the thermal performance of the solar cavity receiver is raised in this paper. This method couples the Monte-Carlo method, the correlations of the flow boiling heat transfer, and the calculation of air flow field. And this method can ultimately figure out the surface heat flux inside the cavity, the wall temperature of the boiling tubes, and the heat loss of the solar receiver with an iterative solution. With this method, the thermal performance of a solar cavity receiver, a saturated steam receiver, is simulated under different wind environments. The highest wall temperature of the boi...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of central receiver technology for the production of electricity is reasonably well established. One possible direction for future research and development efforts funded by the Department of Energy is high-temperature, high-performance systems. In this paper, the performance of central receiver systems is investigated for a range of heliostat sizes, field configurations, plant sizes, and receiver temperatures. The maximum plant efficiency achievable in a central receiver system that uses simple cavity geometry is shown for a range of receiver temperatures. The impact of changes in heliostat size, field packing density, and canting and focusing strategies on system efficiency are investigated over a range of plant sizes. The results of the study underscore the importance of accommodating high absorber plane fluxes in order to efficiently produce working temperatures ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Results from a numerical model of axisymmetric solar cavity receivers are compared with experimental data for tests of a novel test bed receiver in the Saudi National Laboratories solar furnace. The computed energy transfer rates and temperatures are compared with the experimental data for different receiver geometries, aperture sizes, and operating conditions. In general, the agreement between the numerical model and the experimental data is better for the small-to-midsized apertures than for the large apertures. The analysis indicates that for the larger apertures, the convective heat losses are overpredicted. It also suggests that these losses could be better characterized. Sensitivity analyses show that both the total solar energy input rate and the convective heat-loss coefficient significantly affect the receiver thermal performance and that the distribution of the input solar flux significantly ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The following paragraphs summarize the progress of each research project funded under the WVU Cooperative Agreement during the third quarter of 1997 (July - September 1997). The projects are arranged according to their 1997 WVU task number. WVU Focus Area 1.0: Subsurface Contaminants, Containment and Remediation Task No. 1.1: Project discontinued. Task No. 1.2: Development of Standard Test Protocols and Barrier Design Models for Desiccation Barriers (K. Amininan & S. Ameri): A number of experiments were preformed this period to evaluate the ability of the dried sand-packs to act as a barrier to liquids. Water infiltration tests were done with a constant head, dispersing 80 ml of water, and by adding water in small increments. Results indicate that when the water is spilled over the sand-pack, it has the tendency to channel through the sand-pack, significantly reducing the capacity of the dried zone to retain liquid contaminants. This appears to be largely influenced by ...

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Thermal Cavity Receivers,". JPL. Publication. 83-97,. 1983. 5Hall, III, C.A., Glakpe, E.K., Cannon,. J.N., and. Kerslake,. T.W., "Modeling ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The United States and Russia have agreed to jointly develop a solar dynamic (SD) system for flight demonstration on the Russian Mir space station starting in late 1997. Two important components of this SD system are the solar concentrator and heat receiver provided by Russia and the US, respectively. This paper describes optical analysis of the concentrator and solar flux predictions on target receiver surfaces. The optical analysis is performed using the code CIRCE2. These analyses account for finite sun size with limb darkening, concentrator surface slope and position errors, concentrator petal thermal deformation, gaps between petals, and the shading effect of the receiver support struts. The receiver spatial flux distributions are then combined with concentrator shadowing predictions. Geometric shadowing patterns are traced from the concentrator to the target receiver surfaces. ...

CERN Multimedia

Small world when building a particle detector prototype, the devil is in the tiny details

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present state of investigations into the fragmentation of target nuclei by particles and nuclei of intermediate and high energies is reviewed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Solar heating of gas turbine plants steps back more and more into the focus of current research. The mainly instationary operation of solar turbine power plants can only be predicted with sufficient accuracy if the transient behaviour of the receiver for the solar radiation is known. Therefore the transient behaviour of cavity receivers of different design is investigated. The mathematical model used for the simulation of the heat transfer and energy storage processes is illustrated. Computed results for receivers with various inner lining are compared and evaluated concerning their use in practice.

Science.gov (United States)

... mounted new operations against the TTP stronghold in ... was the fourth tranche of Pakistan's IMF-backed ... and brought the total funds received by ...

Science.gov (United States)

with full-scale component test data, a final requirement for completing general materials selection criteria. It also should be pointed out that, ...

Science.gov (United States)

An electric power generating apparatus is described, including: a solar collector; a primary thermal loop including primary thermal fluid; a cavity receiver to receive reflected solar energy from the solar reflector, convert the solar energy into thermal energy, and transmit the thermal energy to the primary thermal fluid by heating the primary thermal fluid not to exceed a given temperature, the given temperature being substantially equal to 700 F; a Stirling engine receiving the primary thermal fluid heated by the cavity receiver, including means to generate mechanical power and means to generate electrical power from the means to generate mechanical power.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The design of a solar heated cavity receiver transferring 60 MW of thermal energy to the working medium (air) for a closed-cycle gas turbine is described. The gas turbine plant with its cycle layout is presented. Then the tubes for the receiver are designed taking into account thermal and mechanical loads. It is shown how the occurring stresses are influenced by the destribution of the locally absorbed hat flux. Calculations for an existing coal fired air heater of a closed-cycle gas turbine give a first impression of the long-term behaviour to be expected of the receiver tubes.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The nuclear interaction probability of light charged particles in BaF[sub 2] crystals has been studied as a function of the incident particle energy. Light charged particles were identified in charge and mass by measuring their magnetic rigidity and their time-of-flight. The percentage of particles undergoing nuclear interactions has been measured for particles of charge from Z=1 to Z=6 and the experimental data are compared with the results of a model calculation. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A solar unit is described which contains a cavity radiation receiver, parabolic-cylindrical concentrator, and reflector arranged between the radiation receiver and the concentrator symmetrically in relation to the optical plane of the latter. In order to expand the range of use, it contains a pair of flat mirrors with 2 working surfaces installed at an angle and symmetrically to the optical plane of the parabolic cylindrical concentrator between them and the reflector, while the latter is made in the form of 2 flat mirrors installed at an angle on the cavity radiation receiver.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report uses experimental data to compare the performance of two sodium cooled solar central receivers operated at the International Energy Agency Small Solar Power Systems project near Almeria, Spain. Performance includes point-in-time steady state efficiency, average efficiency, start-up time, and operation time. Point-in-time steady state efficiency calculations were based on the statistical method of least squares using receiver incident and absorbed powers. One receiver, a cavity type, showed a peak steady state receiver efficiency of 87% +- 5% and an average efficiency of about 67%. The other receiver, an external ''billboard'' type, had a peak steady state receiver efficiency of 96% +- 4% and an average efficiency of about 79%. The original design peak steady state efficiency predictions for both ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In conveyor type irradiators, the movement of conveyor and the product boxes is not there until the source is fully in the irradiation position. In case the conveyor system fails the source must automatically be returned to its shielded storage vault. The dose received by the product during the movement of the source from or to the shield becomes significant if the total dose to be received by the product is small. A study has been carried out for evaluating the transient dose received by onions in the POTON irradiator. The results of the study are discussed in this paper. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The mainly instationary operation of a solar heated receiver can be simulated with sufficient accuracy only if data about the dynamic behavior are available. For this reason, the dynamic behavior of a solar cavity receiver with parabolic dish collector is investigated. The development of a mathematical simulation considering heat transfer and storage processes is presented and the procedure for a numerical solution is illustrated. The performance of the calculation method is finally demonstrated by simulating the passage of a cloud.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Idaho Falls quadrangle in southeastern Idaho lies at the juncture of the Snake River Plain, the Northern Rocky Mountains, and the Basin-Range Province. Quaternary basalts of the Snake River Plain occupy 70% of the quadrangle. The rest of the area is covered by uplifted Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic rocks of the Pre-Late Cenozoic Orogenic Complex. Magnetic data apparently show contributions from both shallow and deep sources. The apparent expression of intrusive and extrusive rocks of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic age tends to mask the underlying structural downtrap thought to exist under the Snake River Plain. The Idaho Falls quadrangle has been unproductive in terms of uranium mining. A single claim exists in the Sawtooth Mountains, but no information was found concerning its present status at the time of this study. A total of 169 anomalies are valid according to the criteria set forth in Volume I of this report. These anomalies are ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The HT-28 and 29 irradiation capsules are part of a cooperative agreement between GA and ORNL designed to evaluate irradiation performance of unbonded BISO and TRISO coated ThO_2 fertile fuel particles. The capsules will contain a total of 44 different positions uniformly divided between each capsule. The positions in HT-29 are designated for operation at 900"0C over a fast fluence increment between 5.4 to 10.7 x 10"2"1 n/cm"2 (E > 0.18 MeV)/sub HFIR/. Positions in HT-28 are divided into two sections: 11 positions at 1250"0C to receive a fast fluence exposure between 7.8 and 8.6 x 10"2"1 n/cm"2 (E > 0.18 MeV)/sub HFIR/ and 11 positions at 900"0C designed for a 4.3 to 6.9 x 10"2"1 n/cm"2 (E > 0.18 MeV)/sub HFIR/ fast fluence exposure. Both capsuls are to serve as an evaluation test to characterize the performance of BISO OPyC coatings deposited from mixed-gas (acetylene-propylene). The OPyC variables tested will be density, coating ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Several short-lived, high-energy beta emitters are being proposed as the radionuclide components for molecular-targeted potential cancer therapeutic agents. The laboratory mice used to determine the efficacy of these new agents have organs that are relatively small compared to the ranges of these high-energy particles. The dosimetry model developed by Hui et al. was extended to provide realistic beta-dose estimates for organs in mice that received therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals containing 90Y, 188Re, 166Ho, 149Pm, 64Cu, and 177 Lu. Major organs in this model included the liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, heart, stomach, small and large bowel, thyroid, pancreas, bone, marrow, carcass, and a 0.025-g tumor. The study as reported in this paper verifies their results for 90Y and extends them by using their organ geometry factors combined with newly calculated organ self-absorbed fractions from PEREGRINE and MCNP. PEREGRINE and MCNP agree to within 8% ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Remotely sensed ocean color data and numerical modeling have been used to study the phenology of both spring and fall phytoplankton blooms (FPBs) in the Nova Scotian Shelf (NSS)-Gulf of Maine (GoM) region. The ocean color data reveal a general pattern of westward progression of the spring phytoplankton bloom (SPB), and an eastward progression of the FPB in the NSS-GoM region. The spatial pattern of mean chlorophyll concentration in spring is similar to that in fall, with a lower concentration in the NSS and higher in the GoM. Interannually, there is a weak but significant tendency for years with earlier (delayed) SPBs to be followed by delayed (earlier) FPBs, but the mean chlorophyll concentrations during SPBs are not correlated with those during FPBs. The interannual variability of SPB ti...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article comments on the fact that there are only 17 energy-from-waste installations in operation in the U.S. and in this respect it lags behind other industrialized nations. Explanations for this gap include the relatively inexpensive garbage disposal as landfill, operating difficulties of some early plants and the high cost of building such facilities. There has been a recent push to build resource-recovery plants and it is believed that chemical companies will probably buy energy products from such plants. Hooker Chemical Co's new energy-from-waste plant at Niagra Falls, N.Y. is described, other companies involved in resource-recovery projects are mentioned, and it is hoped that more companies will invest in such plants.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Biostimulation by nutrient application is a viable technology for restoring oil-contaminated beaches. Maximizing the nutrient residence time is key for achieving a rapid cost-effective cleanup. We considered the nutrient injection strategy through a perforated pipe at the high tide line and we simulated numerically beach hydraulics, which allowed us to estimate the optimal injection flow rate of nutrient solution. Our results indicate that the optimal application is one that starts following the falling high tide and lasts for half tidal cycle. The saturated wet-front of the nutrient solution on the beach surface would move seaward with the same speed of the falling tide keeping a constant distance with the tide line. The numerical results were generalized to beaches of wide ranges of hydr...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Properly quantified performance of a solar-thermal cavity receiver must not only account for the energy gains and losses as dictated by the First Law of thermodynamics, but it must also account for the quality of that energy. Energy quality can only be determined from the Second Law. In this paper, an equation developed for the Second-Law efficiency of a cavity receiver is presented as an evolution from the definition of available energy or ''availability'' (occasionally called exergy). The variables required are all either known or readily determined. The importance of considering the Second-Law is emphasized by a comparison of the First- and Second-Law efficiencies around an example of data collected from two receivers that were designed for different purposes, where the attempt was made to demonstrate that a Second-Law approach to quantifying the performance of a solarthermal cavity ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present paper deals with the conversion of solar energy in a gas turbine plant with a parabolic dish collector. Particular consideration is devoted to the thermodynamic and mechanical design and partload behavior of the receiver. The incident sunlight is focussed by the parabolic dish and then beamed into the cavity receiver. Here the working medium of the gas turbine flows through tubes and is heated up to the receiver outlet temperature. The task of the receiver is to transfer the radiated energy as efficiently as possible to the working medium. Furthermore the required heating surface should be small as possible i.e. optimum use must be made of the tube material with respect to its state of stress. It is shown which geometric and thermodynamic plant parameters influence these two design criteria. An optimum receiver design is presented on the basis of the results thus ...

Science.gov (United States)

A radioactive particle was analyzed to discover the composition of the inactive material of the particle. The method uses the x-ray line spectrum of the K series caused by electron irradiation of the particle in the electron microscope. Iron and aluminum or silicon (the last two could not be distinguished) were found as inactive components in the particle. (D.L.C.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stabilized silver particles comprise particles comprising silver, a short-chain capping agent adsorbed on the particles, and a long-chain capping agent adsorbed on the particles. The short-chain capping agent is a first anionic polyelectrolyte having a molecular weight (Mw) of at most 10,000, and the long-chain capping agent is a second anionic polyelectrolyte having a molecular weight (Mw) of at least 25,000. The stabilized silver particles have a solid loading of metallic silver of at least 50 wt %.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A continuous-flow filter/concentrator for separating and/or concentrating particles in a fluid is disclosed. The filter is a three-port device an inlet port, an filter port and a concentrate port. The filter separates particles into two streams by the ratio of their dielectrophoretic mobility to their electrokinetic, advective, or diffusive mobility if the dominant transport mechanism is electrokinesis, advection, or diffusion, respectively.Also disclosed is a device for separating and/or concentrating particles by dielectrophoretic trapping of the particles.

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionMeasurements of halocarbons (CFCs and other halogen-containing compounds) in the tropical stratosphere will be made from a long duration MIR balloon. The balloon and instruments are capable of flying for three or more weeks in which time they will circum-navigate the globe. As the balloon rises each morning and falls each evening, measurements of halocarbons will be made every few hundred meters between about 20 and 30 km. In total it is hoped that over 40 such vertical profiles will be obtained [continued...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Corn stover is typically left behind in the field after grain harvest. Although part of the stover should remain in the field for soil organic matter renewal and erosion protection, half of the stover could be removed sustainably. This represents about one million t dry matter (DM) of stover per year in the province of Quebec. Stover harvested in the fall is very wet. While there are applications for wet stover, the available markets currently require a dry product. Preliminary measurements have shown that stover left in the field throughout the winter becomes very dry, and a considerable amount would still be harvestable in the spring. In the spring of 2009, corn stover was harvested at 2 sites, each subdivided into 2 parcels. The first parcel was cut and raked in the fall of 2008 (fall parcel), while the second parcel was cut and raked in spring 2009. Fibre from both parcels was baled in the spring 2009. At the first ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The average angle of repose and the packing density of random planar heaps of hard disks falling ballistically onto a sticky base line, where the first layer of disks is quenched in random positions, are computed for heaps with a small fixed number of gaps in the base layer. The results we find appear to be almost independent of the size of the heap and they agree with those obtained from computer simulations of large systems.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study is made of the mechanical properties of vanadium irradiated with fast neutrons up to dose 8.6.10"-"4 dpa, as a function of the temperature of post-radiation annealing. The radiation-annealing hardening (RAH) effect is observed at 300"oC, in agreement with previous studies. It is established for the first time that RAH is accompanied by fall in ductility. A phenomenological model is described which explains the dependence of RAH on radiation dose and temperature, as well as on the content of chemically active alloying impurities. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An overview of emissive display technologies is presented. Display types briefly described include: cathode ray tubes (CRTs), field emission displays (FEDs), electroluminescent displays (ELDs), and plasma display panels (PDPs). The critical role of phosphors in further development of the latter three flat panel emissive display technologies is outlined. The need for stable, efficient red, green, and blue phosphors for RGB fall color displays is emphasized.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of electric cars always met with the difficulty in storing energy and in recovering it in the form of electric power. Research work done for the last two decades in the field of materials and of new technologies oriented mainly towards aeronautical and space applications have led to designing, realizing and experimenting with flywheels rotating at high speed in magnetic bearings. The results obtained represent openings that, now, fall in with different industrial fields and in particular with application to electric cars.

Science.gov (United States)

Evaluation procedures used to produce sets of evaluated data for the 33 heavy isotopes that fall in the range Z = 90 to Z = 98 are described. At the beginning of the discussion for each individual isotope, a computer-generated listing is given which summarizes the main properties of the data sets that are contained in the evaluation. (RWR)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In recent years the 'Nowcasting Wake Vortex Impact Variables' model NOWVIV has been developed at the Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR, to forecast weather parameters in airport environments. The German Meteorological Service, DWD, employs his COSMO-DE model (COnsortium for Small scale Modelling-DEutschland) for operational forecasts in Germany. A systematic comparison of model output from NOWVIV and a derivate of COSMO-DE, named COSMO-FRA, is presented. Both models are centred at Frankfurt Airport with horizontal resolutions of 2.1 km and 2.8 km, respectively. In the DLR Project Wetter and Fliegen the COSMO-FRA model will replace the NOWVIV model and become a key component in the future rapid update cycle for adverse weather predictions at the airports of Frankfurt and Munich. The forecast vertical profiles of runway crosswind, head/tail wind, temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) are validated against Wind and Temperature Radar (WTR/RASS) ...

Wastenet

... Hale, Markku Kulmala, 373.43 EUR; 225.00 USD; 276.00 GBP... More Journals » MAGAZINES & JOURNALS Journal of Water Supply: Research &Technology -... Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technolog... Environmental Quarterly - 2009 Fall Trinity`s Environmental Quarterly (EQ) magazine co... ...

Wastenet

... Hale, Markku Kulmala, 373.43 EUR; 225.00 USD; 276.00 GBP... More Journals » MAGAZINES & JOURNALS Environmental Quarterly - 2009 Fall Trinity`s Environmental Quarterly (EQ) magazine co... Industrial Wastewater Responsible for managing your company`s wastes?... ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fisheries co-managers of U.S. v Oregon supported and directed the construction and operation of acclimation and release facilities for Snake River fall Chinook from Lyons Ferry Hatchery at three sites above Lower Granite Dam. In 1996, Congress instructed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USCOE) to construct, under the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP), final rearing and acclimation facilities for fall Chinook in the Snake River basin to complement their activities and efforts in compensating for fish lost due to construction of the lower Snake River dams. The Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) played a key role in securing funding and selecting acclimation sites, then assumed responsibility for operation and maintenance of the facilities. In 1997, Bonneville Power Administrative (BPA) was directed to fund operations and maintenance (O&M) for the facilities. Two acclimation facilities, Captain John Rapids and Pittsburg Landing, are located ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The results of a search for fractionally charged particles produced in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation at 29 GeV/c/sup 2/ are discussed. Results from cosmic-ray searches for fractionally charged particles, tachyons, and massive particles using the same detector are also presented.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We analyze transport through conical channels due to the difference in particle concentration on the two sides of the membrane. Because of the detailed balance, fluxes of non-interacting particles...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

An exposure chamber is described for the quantifiable addition of fine and ultrafine aerosol particulate matter directly to cells and used to demonstrate the in vitro cytotoxicity of fine 1,4-naphthoquinone particles to murine lung epithelial cells. The electrostatic particulate dosage and exposure system (EPDExS) operates on the principle of electrostatic precipitation and is shown to deposit fine and ultrafine aerosol particles directly to cells with 100% efficiency for particle diameters in the range of 40-530nm. This range is not limited by the EPDExS, but rather by the aerosolization method used for this study. Numbers of particles deposited onto the cells are counted with a condensation particle counter, negating any need to calculate or estimate particle exposure. The process of particle introduction, assessed using Trypan blue dye ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The convection heat loss from cavity receiver in parabolic dish solar thermal power system can significantly reduce the efficiency and consequently the cost effectiveness of the system. It is important to assess this heat loss and subsequently improve the thermal performance of the receiver. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review and systematic summarization of the state of the art in the research and progress in this area. The efforts include the convection heat loss mechanism, experimental and numerical investigations on the cavity receivers with varied shapes that have been considered up to date, and the Nusselt number correlations developed for convection heat loss prediction as well as the wind effect. One of the most important features of this paper is that it has covered numerous cavity literatures encountered in various other engineering systems, such as those in electronic cooling devices and buildings. ...

Science.gov (United States)

1. Contest rules The European Space Agency (ESA) is launching a public competition to find the most suitable names for its four Cluster II space weather satellites. The quartet, which are currently known as flight models 5, 6, 7 and 8, are scheduled for launch from Baikonur Space Centre in Kazakhstan in June and July 2000. Professor Roger Bonnet, ESA Director of Science Programme, announced the competition for the first time to the European Delegations on the occasion of the Science Programme Committee (SPC) meeting held in Paris on 21-22 February 2000. The competition is open to people of all the ESA member states (*). Each entry should include a set of FOUR names (places, people, or things from history, mythology, or fiction, but NOT living persons). Contestants should also describe in a few sentences why their chosen names would be appropriate for the four Cluster II satellites. The winners will be those which are considered most suitable and relevant for the Cluster II mission. ...

Science.gov (United States)

A schematic of the Bench cavity receiver system is given, and the primary objectives, schedule and research plan for each of four tests are discussed. The tests are: (1) cold flow testing to functionally check all valves and their response using high pressure nitrogen gas; (2) a hot checkout to simulate both steady state and transient flux inputs to the receiver which are expected at the French facility; (3) basic performance using solar energy at the French facility; and (4) ir radiant heat testing. (LEW)

CERN Document Server

Typical receiver processing, targeting always the best achievable bit error rate performance, can result in a waste of resources, especially, when the transmission conditions are such that the best performance is orders of magnitude better than the required. In this work, a processing framework is proposed which allows adjusting the processing requirements to the transmission conditions and the required bit error rate. It applies a-posteriori probability receivers operating over multiple-input multiple-output channels. It is demonstrated that significant complexity savings can be achieved both at the soft, sphere-decoder based detector and the channel decoder with only minor modifications.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asymmetrical solar concentrators may offer significant advantages over symmetrical ones by the higher yearly average energy input per unit aperture area and the wider range of flexibilities in the design and operation. This paper describes the design, construction and performance evaluation of a non-parabolic asymmetrical solar concentrator with an evacuated receiver. The concentrator has a concentration ratio of 3.25 and a theoretical optical efficiency of 0.67. Collector efficiency test results are presented and compared with another similar concentrator without an evacuated receiver.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Solar energy can be economically converted into electrical energy for small and medium power outputs. A typical solar power plant consists of a parabolic dish, cavity receiver and gas turbine. To obtain high gas turbine efficiencies, the working fluid used has to be heated to high temperatures. This necessitates the use of expensive high-quality materials for the tubes in the receiver. This expense must be kept to a minimum. The present paper demonstrates how this aim can be achieved by meeting the so-called Bammert Criterion.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A simple analytical model has been developed in order to provide a framework for designing experimental programs for convective loss determinations, for analyzing available experimental data from solar receiver test programs, and for estimating the convective loss at a relatively small cost. Analytical results and experimental evidence indicate that the convective loss from cavity receivers is appreciable, while the effects of wind on the convective loss under normal operating conditions are minimal. The proposed analytical model provides a means of determining the relative importance of the internal resistances and predicting the bulk air temperature within the convective zone inside the cavity.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... alpha particles beta particles gamma radiation lead hot cells bricks shielding

Science.gov (United States)

... Zou, S. and RA Dalrymple, ``Coastal Sediment Transport Simulation by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics,'' Journal of Waterways, Ports, Coastal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of the coated composite surface of particles on the mechanical properties of the powder bed was investigated. Polyethylene-silica surface composite powder was prepared at several coating ratios with Hybridizer. Various tests on mechanical properties of the powder bed were carried out with the prepared powder, and the following results were obtained: The ultimate tensile strength depends only on the cohesive force between particles, and the contact probability model of composite particles led to good agreement between the experimental and calculated values. The coefficient of internal friction and cohesive shear strength were influenced due to the interlocking effect of the surface roughness of composite particles. The effects of coating particles became small with dynamic properties like angle of repose. It is possible to control the mechanical properties in a step wise ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Aerosol particles are ubiquitous in the troposphere and exert an important influence on global climate and the environment. They affect climate through scattering, transmission, and absorption of...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radioactive waste shipping and receiving facilities presently planned for commercial and defense high-level nuclear waste will handle waste packages at frequencies far in excess of those in common practice today. If current limits for radiation levels at the cask surface and current handling methods are used, high cumulative personnel exposure to ionizing radiation is projected to occur. To reduce these exposure levels, alternate handling methods are being developed and demonstrated. The production nature of cask receiving operations, suggests commercial robotics be incorporated into a remote handling system to reduce predicted worker exposure to acceptable levels while maintaining or increasing throughput. The first phase of cask handling system development culminated in a proof-of-principle test demonstrating the feasibility of performing cask receiving and unloading operations in a remote and partially automated manner.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Purpose of reviewOsteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ) in an uncommon condition noted to occur in patients with cancer receiving intravenous bisphosphonates. The etiology...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... 4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paper-work ... link coverage areas, so it is possible to receive your own ... mestic Ku-band satellite. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Received: February 22, 2010; Accepted: August 17, 2010 Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson. (ACANTHACEAE) Berkeley County: central part ... This is the first report for South Carolina. Hygrophila...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A module is described with a receiver having a solar energy acceptance opening and supported by a mounting ring along the optic axis of a parabolic mirror in coaxial alignment for receiving solar energy from the mirror, and a solar flux modulator plate for varying the quantity of solar energy flux received by the acceptance opening of the module. The modulator plate is characterized by an annular, plate-like body, the internal diameter of which is equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the solar energy acceptance opening of the receiver. Slave cylinders are connected to the modulator plate for supporting the plate for axial displacement along the axis of the mirror thereby shading the opening with respect to solar energy flux reflected from the surface of the mirror to the solar energy acceptance opening.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Rationale and ObjectivesSample-size estimation is an important consideration when planning a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study. The aim of this work was...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This invention is an improved solar energy cavity receiver for exposing materials and components to high temperatures. The receiver includes a housing having an internal reflective surface defining a cavity and having an inlet for admitting solar radiation thereto. A photothermal absorber is positioned in the cavity to receive radiation from the inlet. A reflective baffle is positioned between the absorber and the inlet to severely restrict the re-radiation of energy through the inlet. The front surface of the baffle defines a narrow annulus with the internal reflective surface of the housing. The front surface of the baffle is contoured to reflect incoming radiation onto the internal surface of the housing, from which it is reflected through the annulus and onto the front surface of the absorber. The back surface of the baffle intercepts infrared radiation from the front of the absorber. With this arrangement, a high ...

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:16504974

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

When evaluating the risks of oncogenesis and cancer mortality following exposure to the radiations of the atomic bombs (A-bombs), the medical X-ray doses received by the A-bomb survivors must also be estimated and considered. Using a human phantom, dosimetry was performed to estimate the X-ray doses received by A-bomb survivors during medical examinations at the Radiation Effects Foundation (RERF) as part of the long-term follow-up on the Adult Health Study (AHS). These examinations have been estimated to represent nearly 45% of the survivors' cumulative medical irradiation dose. Doses to the salivary glands, thyroid gland, lung, breast, stomach and colon were measured using thermoluminescent dosemeters. The results, which are reported here, will aid in estimating organ doses received by individual AHS participants. (Author).

Science.gov (United States)

Astronaut crew medical officers (CMO) aboard the International Space Station (ISS) receive 40 hours

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Our global impact is finally receiving the scientific attention it deserves. The outcome will largely determine the future course of evolution. Human-modified ecosystems are shaped by our activities...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... s guides and "how-to" videos and other materials, and 7. Receive continuing support from GLOBE's ... and educational materials that result from international proposals in its materials and support ...

Science.gov (United States)

Apr 27, 2007... Bruce Gentry: Small, Efficient Direct Detection Doppler Receiver for UAV and Spaceborne measurement of Tropospheric Winds ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

... Abutilon theophrasti L.), common cocklebur, and ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomea hederacea L.) when sufficient rainfall was received after ... ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In 1976 the design and fabrication began of an 1 MWt Bench Model Solar Receiver (BMSR) to demonstrate and further develop the ceramic tube central receiver concept. Although many of the properties of silicon carbide are well documented, this material has never been utilized in an application of this type and size. Further investigation was undertaken to confirm the choice of silicon carbide against available metals and other ceramic materials. The BMSR is configured for testing at the Department of Energy's Central Receiver Test Facility in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Design and fabrication of the BMSR are highlighted in this report. Completion and testing of the BMSR are planned for the next phase of the project.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Separate abstracts were prepared for 13 papers in these proceedings. Also included is an overview speech and a panel discussion. (LEW)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract This study explored the demographic and diagnostic features of children who were currently receiving antipsychotics compared to children who were receiving other psychotropics in a cohort of children with and without elevated symptoms of mania (ESM). Participants were recruited from 10 child outpatient mental health clinics associated with four universities. Guardians with children between 6?12 years who presented for new clinical evaluations completed the Parent General Behavior Inventory-10 Item Mania Scale (PGBI-10M). All children who scored ?12 on the PGBI-10M and a select demographically matched comparison group of patients who scored ?11 were invited to participate. Children were divided into two groups: those receiving at least one antipsychotic medication and those receivi...

Science.gov (United States)

... earns money through receiving protection funds from embattled ... relationship between the TTP and LI ... relevant considering that Pakistan's military is ...

Science.gov (United States)

... mounted new operations against the TTP stronghold in ... was the fourth tranche of Pakistan's IMF-backed ... and brought the total funds received by ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A cone concentrator combined with a solar cavity receiver is presented and its performance compared to a single cavity receiver. For both cases the available heat sink within the receiver is calculated. The cone concentrator suffers from a high amount of rejected rays if the exit aperture is made too small. A larger exit aperture on the other hand increases the thermal losses of the cavity. The optimum cone geometry therefore has to be found taking also into account a model of the cavity. Different operating temperatures and different values of absorption coefficients of the cavity walls are considered. A cone concentrator was built and tested at the solar furnace in Cologne. It transmits 97 percent of the rays entering the entrance aperture, which is in exact agreement with the theoretical predictions. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Superconducting thin film particle detectors can be very attractive due to the low sensitivity to radiation damage. We describe the fabrication procedure and the characterization of Nb/Al bilayers as particle detectors. First steady and dynamical results are reported from tests of 5 MeV alpha-particle detection.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... momentum transfer propagator scattering scattering amplitudes strong

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1977. USSR Beloshitsky, VV Kumakhov, MA Wedell, R. Moskovskij

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The case of spontaneous radiation of channeled ultrarelativistic particles is considered when the dipolarity condition is not satisfied. The change of the particle longitudinal velocity affecting the maximum radiation frequency is included. The angular and frequency characteristics of the radiation for superhigh energies are studied for the first time. It is shown that there is an optimum energy at which the radiation density is maximum. The influence of the angle at which electrons enter a crystal and of the beam divergence on the radiation is investigated. The problem of quasichanneled particle radiation and also the radiation in axis-plane transitions are considered. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Ukraine) INIS-UA--107 211 p. PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... was noted. It was reported that similar fibers also grew on particles of thermal carbon black at a temperature of 10500 and in an atmosphere ...

J-STORE (Japan)

Full Text Available

J-STORE (Japan)

Full Text Available

ScienceCinema

...global warming ...the effects of global warming ...also the ? that global warming ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The operation principle, construction and characteristics of the Bragg curve spectroscopy detector (BCS detector) are described. The electric field of the BCS detector is parallel to the particle trajectories. The detector was tested by 8.78 MeV and 6.02 MeV #alpha# particles from a ThC-ThC's source. The energy resolutions are 1.5% and 2.6% respectively for two groups of #alpha# particles, and the charge resolution is 2.7%. Further test experiments with heavy ions will be arranged.

Science.gov (United States)

... PHYSICS ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND SPECTROSCOPY NUCLEAR PHYSICS & ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This volume on specifications for the Saguaro Power Plant includes the following: subsystem interface definition document; solar collector subsystem specification; receiver specification; thermal energy storage specification; solar steam generator specification; and master control system specification.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A numerical calculation procedure applicable to cavity-type receiver configurations and flow conditions was developed. Flow visualization experiments were performed, and experimental measurements of quantities valuable for the development of the numerical calculation procedure were made. The investigation is focussed on a configuration which is strongly two-dimensional in the mean flow structure (but turbulent in a truly three-dimensional sense). (LEW)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An investigation of natural convection losses from cavity-type solar central receivers is described and results are given. The approach followed was that of a fundamental experimental study in a simple cavity subject to well controlled boundary conditions. The Laser Doppler Velocimeter proved to be a useful technique to measure the velocity profiles associated with natural convection. Visualization techniques provided an understanding of the general behavior of the flow, particularly in three dimensional experiments. Experiments on systems of high Rayleigh numbers are described. (LEW)

CERN Document Server

The available data on isolated X-ray pulsars, their wind nebulae, and the supernova remnants which are connected to some of these sources are analyzed. It is shown that electric fields of neutron stars tear off charged particles from the surface of neutron star and trigger the acceleration of particles. The charged particles are accelerated mainly in the field of magneto-dipole radiation wave. Power and energy spectra of the charged particles depend on the strength of the magneto-dipole radiation. Therefore, the X-ray radiation is strongly dependent on the rate of rotational energy loss and weakly dependent on the electric field intensity. Coulomb interaction between the charged particles is the main factor for the energy loss and the X-ray spectra of the charged particles.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes the study of particles' dispersion in an isotropic turbulent flow. The particle's motion and the turbulent flow characteristics are calculated independently. While the particles' displacement is computed by the author's code, the flow is simulated with a commercial code : PowerFLOW. The particles and the flow are coupled through the relative velocity component of the aerodynamic force. When the simulated flow is turbulent, a turbulence regeneration model is used in order to get the flow instantaneous velocity. Validation of the method is done by comparing the particles' dispersion obtained with experimental results from literature and with the results calculated by FLUENT. Good accordance is found between numerical studies and experimental results. However, comparison between results of PowerFLOW coupled to the author's code and results from FLUENT shows ...

CERN Document Server

We present the results of an isophotal shape analysis of three samples of galaxies in the Coma cluster. Quantitative morphology, together with structural and photometric parameters, is given for each galaxy. Special emphasis has been placed on the detailed classification of early-type galaxies. The three samples are: i) a sample of 97 early-type galaxies brighter than m_B = 17.00 falling within one degree from the center of the Coma cluster; these galaxies were observed with CCD cameras, mostly in good to excellent resolution conditions; ii) a magnitude complete sample of 107 galaxies of all morphological types down to m_B = 17.00 falling in a circular region of 50 arcmin diameter, slightly offcentered to the North-West of the cluster center; the images for this and the next sample come from digitized photographic plates; iii) a complete comparison sample of 26 galaxies of all morphological types down to m_R = 16.05 (or m_B \\simeq 17.5), also ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Presently no one knows whether electromagnetic fields (EMFs) play a role in human cancer or other ailments, though epidemiological studies over the years have suggested that possibility. A study by the Electric Power Research Institute attempted to quantify everything it could about the magnetic environment of a home, identifying not only major sources of magnetic fields, but also their frequencies, strengths, and how they fall off with distance. Sources of a homes magnetic environment include appliances, overhead powerlines, and grounding connections to metallic water pipes. Fields will vary over time, depending on how much current is passing through the electrically conductive sources. Additional contributors to a home's magnetic background may include unusual wiring in the walls, underground power lines, and near-by high voltage transmission lines. This paper summarizes the study results, indicating weak, persistant EMFs may dominate, but small magnetic field ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Before the implementation Water Framework directive, it was usual to forget that a good environment protection of the receiving waters needs a correct and coordinated operation of the subsystems of the water cycle, specially sewerage system, WWTP and receiving waters. This explains that most of the countries have focused their efforts in the treatment of dry weather flows forgetting the management of wet weather flows. Actually the idea that a sewerage system or a WWTP can not be planned or managed independently without considering the effects on the receiving waters is commonly accepted because not only each one of these systems must work correctly but also it is required a minimum impact in the receiving waters of the sewerage and WWTP overflows in dry and wet weather. All these links will affect the management strategy of the sewerage system (storm water detection tanks, gates, pumping stations, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A joint US/Russia program is being conducted to develop, fabricate, launch, and operate a solar dynamic demonstration system on Space Station Mir. The goal of the program is to demonstrate and confirm that solar dynamic power systems are viable for future space applications such as the International Space Station Alpha. The major components of the system include a heat receiver, a closed Brayton cycle power conversion unit, a power conditioning and control unit, a concentrator, a radiator, a thermal control system, and a Space Shuttle carrier. This paper discusses the design of the heat receiver component. The receiver comprises a cylindrical cavity, the walls of which are lined with a series of tubes running the length of the cavity. The engine working fluid, a mixture of xenon and helium, is heated by the concentrated sunlight incident on these tubes. The receiver incorporates integral thermal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A flow field and particle trajectory in a HDD (Hard Disk Drive) between two rotating disks in axisymmetric enclosures is investigated using CFD code FLUENT/UNS. The RNG k-{epsilon} model is used as a turbulent model. In this study, the flow field between two disks are symmetric, and the flow field near the enclosure is very complex. Cross stream vectors are shown both for blowing and no blowing from the hub. The larger a particle, the more fast the particle deposits at the walls. In the case of blowing from the hub, the more fast the particle deposits at the walls. (author). 9 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Energy conservation and local energy deposition are investigated in the context of coupled-particle (i.e., neutrons, gamma rays, and charged particles) transport analysis. For charged particles, the concept of group splitting the 1 = 0 transfer matrix to ensure both particle and energy conservation is introduced. Although these procedures are more complex than those found in the usual neutron or coupled-neutron gamma-ray problem, they yield a consistent approach for the calculation of local energy deposition.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This standard describes the procedure and equipment for in-place testing of HEPA filter systems by the single-particle, particle-size (SPPS) spectrometer method. This method provides the capability for evaluating the effectiveness (i.e., decontamination factor or DF) of systems consisting of one or more stages of HEPA filters against submicrometer aerosols in discrete particle-size ranges. It is particularly useful for testing of multi-stage HEPA filter installations and for testing of very large (50,000 cfm installed capacity) single-stage systems where it is desired to minimize the quantity of challenge aerosol required.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the case of inelastic scattering of alpha particles to the 3"+ state, the averaged angular distributions show a characteristic shape, corresponding to the excitation of such an unnatural parity state by alpha particles in the compound nucleus process. The modified Hauser-Feshbach cross-section calculations give a good description of the averaged distributions for the alpha particle scattering to the 3"+ state and the compound nucleus parameters could be extracted. The calculations of the compounds nucleus contributions to the other states in the case of 24 MeV alpha particle scattering from "2"8Si show that this contribution is not negligible and in the case of the scattering to the 4"+ state seems to be dominant. (Z.M.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Industrial activities in the river basin of the Elbe have a very long tradition, and have been resulting in the contamination of sediments for centuries. Contamination lasted until the fall of the iron curtain; since then, the situation has improved significantly. In the transition zone between freshwater systems and the marine environment, ports like Hamburg still have to bear this burden of history. An overall (contaminated) management strategy should be developed in the context of the European Water Framework Directive with the emphasis on source control. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Although rovs (remotely operated vehicles) and AUVs (autonomous underwater vehicles) are playing ever increasing roles in the development of underwater fields, surprise is expressed that oil companies are not supporting the necessary research and development. The situation was discussed at this year's annual Association of Diving Contractors and Marine Technology Society in Houston. Some of the technical problems associated with operating the vehicles in deeper and deeper water were discussed. Although demand for the vehicles is falling in the North Sea, the Gulf of Mexico is seen as the next growth area. (uk)

CERN Document Server

An accelerator has limited dynamic range: a chain of accelerators is required to reach high energy. A combination of septa and kicker magnets is frequently used to inject and extract beam from each stage. The kicker magnets typically produce rectangular field pulses with fast rise- and/or fall-times, however the field strength is relatively low. To compensate for their relatively low field strength, the kicker magnets are generally combined with electromagnetic septa. The septa provide relatively strong field strength but are either DC or slow pulsed. This paper discusses injection and extraction systems with particular emphasis on the hardware required for the septa.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report describes the activities conducted with DOE funds at Oregon Health Sciences University between 9/15/94 and 9/29/99. The activities fall into four major categories: Information Technology, Information Services and Support, Medical Informatics and Outcomes Research, and collaboration with other institutions. The focus of these activities was to implement and maintain a regional healthcare information network.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is experimentally demonstrated that a relatively strong ion-rich sheath formed at a fixed negative bias of the grid can be changed to a rather weak ion sheath (sheath potential weakly retards electrons) only by increasing the discharge voltage in the system. At sufficiently high negative grid bias, an increase of discharge voltage enhances the ion collection current at the grid. An explanation is put forward in support of this experimental observation. A slight density enhancement with a fall in plasma electron temperature is also observed with the increasing negative grid bias. (authors)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The foils of various materials were irradiated with "6"0Co with an activity of 11,538 TBq. The minimum radiation dose was 25 kGy. Changes in chemico-physical properties were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy and were not detected after irradiation with 25 kGy. Packing foils were subjected to the following tests: mechanical tests, tests of weld strength, tests of impact resistance, free fall tests, permeability tests for water vapour and microbiological tests. The results of all tests were tabulated. The tests showed that the foils are impermeable for microorganisms and provided the welds are airtight the packed products remain sterile. (J.P.).

Science.gov (United States)

The aim of the current investigation was to study the effects of sevelamer hydrochloride (RenaGel) on serum phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone levels (iPTH), and lipid profiles in stable hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients maintained on calcium containing phosphate binders were enrolled in this study. Following two weeks of washout of the phosphate binders, serum phosphate rose from 6.4 +/- 0.6 to 10.5 +/- 0.7 mg/dl (p <0.001). After 8 weeks of titration with sevelamer hydrochloride, serum phosphate fell by 4.5 +/- 0.3 to 6.3 +/- 0.7 mg/dl (p <0.0001). Serum calcium levels fell during washout (9.8 +/- 0.4 to 8.9 +/- 0.3 mg/dl, p <0.004) and were unaffected by sevelamer hydrochloride. Sevelamer hydrochloride administration was associated with a 23.0 +/- 3.1% fall in total cholesterol, a 35.9 +/- 3.0% fall in LDL cholesterol, and a 35.2 +/- 5.3% fall in the LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio (p <0.001). There ...

CERN Document Server

There are several approaches to describe flows with particles e.g. Lattice-Gas Automata (LGA), Lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) or smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). These approaches do not use fixed grids on which the Navier-Stokes equations are solved via e.g. finite volume method. The flow is simulated using a multitude of particles or particle density distributions, which interacts and due to statistical laws and an even more fundamental approach than the Navier-Stokes equation, the averaged flow variables can be derived. After a short summary of the most popular particle methods the new DMPC (Dissipative Multiple Particles Collision) approach will be presented. The DMPC-model eliminates some of the weak points of the established particle methods and shows high potential for more accurate CFD solution especially in areas where standard ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Particle shape is an important parameter in numerous civil, environmental, and petroleum engineering applications. In ground-water flow, the shape of individual particles comprising the soil affects the soil`s pore size distribution and, hence, the important flow characteristics such as hydraulic conductivity and headloss. A model for delineating the relative importance of particle size, particle shape, and porosity, (and their interactions), in explaining the variability of hydraulic conductivity of a granular porous medium is developed and tested. Three types of porous media are considered in this work: spherical glass beads; granular sand; and irregularly shaped, shredded glass particles. A reliable method for quantifying the three-dimensional shape and packing of large samples of irregular particles based on their angle of repose is presented. The results of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The absorption of solar heat and the attendant thermal and mechanical loadings on the tubes of cavity receivers depend predominantly on the flux distribution of the incident solar radiation. For an axially symmetric cavity receiver with a parabolic dish collector, it is simple to determine the insolation pattern on the receiver internal surfaces if the system is ideal. In such a system the surface of the dish is perfectly parabolic (no contour flaws are present), and the sun's central ray impinges on the dish surface parallel to the focal axis (no sun tracking flaws are present). These two conditions cannot be achieved in practice, and therefore the feasible parabolic dish system is referred to as a real system although, in actual fact, it is only an approximation to any actual system. The purpose of this paper is to devise calculation principles which permit analysis of a receiver designed for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Formation of particles from heavy duty diesel and CNG vehicles was studied in laboratory conditions. PM, nano and soot mode particle emissions formed from buses of Euro 2-5 -emission levels were studied in relation to age and type approval characteristics of the vehicle. Characteristic particle emission factors from city driving were obtained by driving the buses on VTT's heavy duty chassis dynamometer applying the transient Braunschweig city cycle. The vehicles were a representative set of Euro 2 to 3 emission categories, supplemented with Euro 4-5 (EEV) -targeted CRT, CNG and DPF cars. Particle number emissions from Euro 4 to 5 buses were 1/100-1/1000 and mass emissions 1/10-1/100 of those of the current fleet. Particle emission from natural gas buses and after an advanced CRT trap contained almost entirely liquid < 60 nm nano particles, which ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work, a mixed cationic--anionic [i.e. cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-sodium octyl sulphate] surfactant system was used to synthesize the magnetite particles. The loading content of iron ions (Fe{sup 3+} and Fe{sup 2+}) into the surfactant system was varied to study its effect on the formation of magnetite, magnetic and morphological properties of the magnetite particles encapsulated by the surfactant vesicles. It has been verified that the vesicle-encapsulated magnetite particles with sizes from 100 to 200 nm were formed, which were almost independent of the loading content of iron ions. However, the morphological structure of the magnetite particles was dependent on the loading content of iron ions and there existed an optimal loading content for a full packing of the surfactant vesicles with the magnetite particles.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A composite material consisting of WC-Co particles in a steel matrix was fabricated by sintering mixtures of WC-Co particles and a steel powder and infiltrating the sintered pieces with a copper alloy. Its wear resistance and mechanical properties were studied as a function of the content in WC-Co particles and other characteristics of the composite material microstructure. Infiltration provided a simple means to obtain a strong cohesion between WC-Co particles and the steel matrix. An effective matrix protection against wear is obtained with relatively low additions of particles especially with a silica abrasive which is soft with respect to cemented carbide. The experimental results show that this material has good mechanical properties and wear resistance. Depending upon abrasion resistance, wear losses are reduced up to 10 times by a 30 vol% addition of cemented carbide ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents experimental data and an computational model of the cold spray solid particle impact process. Copper particles impacting onto a polished stainless steel substrate are examined. The high velocity impact causes significant plastic deformation of both the particle and the sub- strate, but no melting is observed. The plastic deformation exposes clean surfaces that, under the high impact pressures, result in significant bond strengths between the particle and substrate. Experimental measurements of the splat and crater sizes compare well with the numerical calculations. It is shown that the crater depth is significant and increases with impact velocity. However, the splat diameter is much less sensitive to the impact velocity. It is also shown that the geometric lengths of the splat and crater scale linearly with the diameter of the impacting particle. It is hoped ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A large detector with high redundancy is used to search for various types of anomalous particles in cosmic rays at sea level. The detector is sensitive to zenith angles between 45"0 and 90"0. Previously obtained limits on the fluxes of charge (1/3) and (2/3) particles are reduced to 2.9 x 10"-"1"0 and 2.6 x 10"-"1"0 cm"-"2sr "-"1 sec"-"1, respectively. The flux of ionizing tachyons is determined to be less than 2.4 x 10"-"9 cm"-"2 sr"-"1 sec"-"1. The massive-particle flux limit we obtain is inconsistent with previous claims of such particles assuming that these particles are isotropic in zenith angle.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new principle of particle trapping in the simple spherical cavity using both electric and magnetic components of radiofrequency electromagnetic field is proposed. The electric component of H {sub 12} oscillating mode drives the fast particle oscillations, while the magnetic component synchronously bends the trajectories to the cavity center. A specially developed theory of particle stability predicts dense and energetic electron cluster in the trap. Numerical simulations of particle dynamics in the complete electromagnetic field taking into account both space charge and particle-induced magnetic field are in good agreement with the analytic results, giving a density of 2.6*10{sup 1} electrons/cm{sup 3} and an average kinetic energy of around 30 keV at an operating frequency of 3 GHz. Being used at lower frequency, spherical cavity can trap protons and heavier ions too, but with ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Progress in the worldwide capability of predicting the convective energy loss from solar central receivers is reviewed. The significant advances in the past three years have been in experimental areas. Baseline measurements of the convective heat transfer from large high-temperature surfaces, e.g., a flat plate and a cubical cavity, have been completed and empirical correlations have been obtained. Theoretical modeling activities have not kept pace with the experimental advances, however. Currently, the primary theoretical emphasis is the development and testing of turbulence models suitable for buoyant flows. Three major needs have been identified: the measurement of convective energy losses from operating solar central receivers; the continued development of theoretical models in spite of the relatively slow progress to date; and the quantification of the effects of atmospheric turbulence.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Records of 154 patients with Ewing's sarcoma treated at the National Cancer Institute were reviewed to assess the incidence and risk of developing isolated central nervous system (CNS) Ewing's sarcoma. Sixty-two of the 154 patients had received CNS irradiation and intrathecal (i.t.) methotrexate as part of their initial therapy to prevent the occurrence of isolated CNS Ewing's sarcoma. The risk of developing isolate CNS Ewing's sarcoma was greatest within the first two years after diagnosis and was approximately 10%. The overall risk of CNS recurrence in the group of patients receiving DNS treatment was similar to the group receiving no therapy directed to the CNS. The occurrence of isolated CNS involvement was not prevented by the use of CNS irradiation and i.t. methotrexate. Because of a lack of efficacy to the CNS irradiation regimen, current treatment regimens do not include therapy directed to CNS.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barsebaeck 1 was closed on 30 November 1999. Barsebaeck's output of approximately 4 TWh per year will primarily be replaced by imports from coal-fired plants in Denmark and Germany. During the year, the closure of Swedish fossil-fired condensing power stations continued. With that, over 3,000 MW of peak-load power has been shut down during recent years. Consequently, situations entailing shortages of power can arise. On the deregulated electricity market, it is only the system operators that have a satisfactory overview of the overall electricity balance. The Swedish Power Association has thus lobbied the government as regards the need to elucidate Svenska Kraftnaet's responsibility. In a governmental decision from December, Svenska Kraftnaet was given the task of, among other things, monitoring the available capacity during peak loads and developing market instruments that can contribute to safeguarding the availability of power during peak loads. Svenska Kraftnaet ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The accuracy of dose computation within the lungs depends strongly on the performance of the calculation algorithm in regions of electronic disequilibrium that arise near tissue inhomogeneities with large density variations. There is a lack of data evaluating the performance of highly developed analytical dose calculation algorithms compared to Monte Carlo computations in a clinical setting. We compared full Monte Carlo calculations (performed by our Monte Carlo dose engine MCDE) with two different commercial convolution/superposition (CS) implementations (Pinnacle-CS and Helax-TMS's collapsed cone model Helax-CC) and one pencil beam algorithm (Helax-TMS's pencil beam model Helax-PB) for 10 intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) lung cancer patients. Treatment plans were created for two photon beam qualities (6 and 18 MV). For each dose calculation algorithm, patient, and beam quality, the following set of clinically relevant dose-volume values was reported: (i) minimal, median, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

When a plasma becomes contaminated by foreign particles, generically referred to as dust, the result is called a dusty plasma. At the present time there is a great deal of interest in dusty plasmas because of their roles in terrestrial and extra-terrestrial processes - semiconductor processing, high temperature fusion experiments, stellar formation and the rings of Saturn. This thesis is concerned with the role of dust in processing type plasmas. In the following experiments, artificial dust is introduced into a parallel electrode plasma chamber. Ions and electrons in the plasma charge the dust particles and they become suspended in the plasma due to the balancing of electric and gravitational forces. By illuminating the suspended dust with laser light and using an extremely high speed camera fitted with a macro lens to look at the scattered light, the dust particles are observed directly. Specially written computer ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A considerable fraction of radioactivity entering the environment from different nuclear events is associated with particles. The impact of these events can only be fully assessed where there is some knowledge about the mobility of particle bound radionuclides entering the environment. The behavior of particulate radionuclides is dependent on several factors, including the physical, chemical and redox state of the environment, the characteristics of the particles (e.g., the chemical composition, crystallinity and particle size) and on the oxidative state of radionuclides contained in the particles. Six plutonium-containing particles stemming from Runit Island soil (Marshall Islands) were characterized using non-destructive analytical and microanalytical methods. By determining the activity of {sup 239,240}Pu and {sup 241}Am isotopes from their gamma peaks ...

Science.gov (United States)

A new type of radiation which occurs when particles are accelerated in the field of a longitudinal wave and in a transverse magnetic field is studied. The characteristics of such spontaneous radiation are obtained, and the influence of collective effects on the radiation is analyzed. The application of the findings to the theory of free electron lasers is discussed. 8 references.