Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

X-ray irradiation-induced paramagnetic radicals in rare earth (Ln) ion-doped glaserite and Ln ion-doped langbeinite were studied by means of ESR technique, aiming at developing the highly sensitive sensor for an ESR dosimetry. The samples were prepared by two kinds of procedures as follows. In one process, the glaserite (K{sub 3}Na(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}) matrix or the langbeinite (K{sub 2}Mg{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}) matrix were synthesized by heating the mixture of K{sub 2}SO{sub 4} and Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} or the mixture of K{sub 2}SO{sub 4} and MgSO{sub 4} at 1023 K for 1 hour in He flow. The matrices obtained were mixed well with a fixed amount of Ln{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3} (Ln=La, Eu, Gd, Lu) powder and heated at 1023 K for 1 hour in He flow. In the other process, the homogeneous mixture of a fixed amount of K{sub 2}SO{sub 4}, Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} and Ln{sub ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Photoluminescence properties and local electronic structures of rare earth (Eu^3^+ and Ce^3^+) activated Sr3AlO4F have been studied. X-ray powder diffraction data indicated that the activator ions of Eu^3^+ and Ce^3^+ can be incorporated into the Sr3AlO4F lattice and formed limited solid solutions of Sr3-2xLnxNaxAlO4F (Ln=Eu, Ce) with Na^+ as a charge compensator ion. The local structure around Sr sites was initially explored using Eu-activated Sr3AlO4F as a structural probe. Sr3AlO4F:Eu^3^+ exhibits orange-red emission ranging from 520 to 740nm with a maximum peak at about 619nm mainly originating from the ^5D0->^7FJ (J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions, indicating that Eu exists mainly in the trivalent state due to a strong oxidative lattice in Sr3AlO4F. Sr3AlO4F:Ce^3^+ shows an unusual long-wa...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Intergranular corrosion (IGC) resistance of types 304LN and 316LN stainless steels (SS) thermally aged at 823, 873, and 923 K for various durations was assessed by ASTM A262 practice A test (electrolytic etch test) and electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) test. The results indicated that the type 316LN SS has significantly improved IGC resistance compared to 304LN SS. Based on the results of these tests, time-temperature-sensitization (TTS) diagrams were developed for both alloys. The secondary precipitates formed during thermal aging treatments were electrochemically extracted and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the types of precipitates formed during the aging treatments. The results indicated that the precipitates were mostly of M_2_3C_6 carbides.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Attempts to synthesize YPd[sub 2]Si-type representatives LnPd[sub 2]Al were successful only with Ln triple bond Ce, Pr, Nd. This orthorhombic structure (oP16; space group Pnma) is an ordered variant of the Fe[sub 3]C type. Only NdPd[sub 2]Al undergoes magnetic ordering above 2 K. (orig.)

Science.gov (United States)

The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth hosts the best and most complete online collection of astronaut photographs of the Earth.

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A study was made on complex formation of thiosemicarbazide diacetic acid (H/sub 2/L) with neodymium (3), holmium (3) and erbium (3) in solutions and formation of complexes of metal: ligand=4:1 composition was revealed. Synthesis conditions were developed and products of LnLClxnH/sub 2/O, LnLOHxnH/sub 2/O, Na(LnL/sub 2/)xnH/sub 2/O composition were separated in crystalline state. It was shown, that H/sub 2/L behaves in these compounds as tripod ligand with O, O, N, N donor atoms.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The purpose of the recommendation is to prevent, to detect, and to remove soiling of guide and retrating blades of steam turbines, e.g. on account of foreign matter in steam dissolved. (TK/LN).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Russian (Jan 1978). USSR Chorna, IM Beshta, EI Kvitkovskij, LN L'vovskij

Science.gov (United States)

... o3 m~ 0 0 0 .0N I x C ONL LA %D -I Ln C'A %0~~ 7- C4 4'' N I tj . ccnA A . 4- LA (nt 0 0 0 0- LAC o LA o4 - ~ - - - N N 0 t Ln. a o0 %- - -. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The CaWO_4:Ln"3"+ SiO_2 (Ln=Tb, Dy and Ho) nanoparticles were synthesized via a combustion process at 800 "oC, using citric acid as chelating agent and fuel, ammonium nitrate as fuel, boric acid as flux material and silica as supports. The persistent phosphor nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), reflectance UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy (PL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. XRD patterns indicated that crystalline calcium tungstate with scheelite structure was produced. The reflectance UV-vis spectra showed the broad absorption band of WO_4"2"- groups and the PL spectra showed the WO_4"2"- wide excitation band, broad emission band of WO_4"2"- and characteristic emissions of Ln"3"+ ions. The average particle sizes were determined by TEM, which are about 50 nm.

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Not Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The surface films formed on type 316LN stainless steels (SS) with different nitrogen contents, during potentiodynamic polarization in acidified 1 M NaCl solution, were characterized by Laser Raman Spectroscopy (LRS). LRS confirmed the presence of oxides and oxychlorides of iron and chromium, hydrated chlorides and nitrates in the film. Raman mapping showed increasing nitrate content in the film with increasing nitrogen content. The film on the uncorroded material showed the presence of chromium and molybdenum oxides. The improvement in pitting corrosion resistance of type 316LN SS with increasing nitrogen content was attributed to increased amount of nitrates in the passive film.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present work focuses on investigations of a highly selective ligand for Am(III)/Ln(III) separation: bis-triazinyl-pyridine (BTP). By means of nano-electro-spray mass spectrometry, complex formation of BTP with selected elements of the lanthanide series is investigated. We show that the diluent drastically influences complex speciation. Measurements obtained in the extraction-relevant diluent 1-octanol show the occurrence of Ln(BTP){sub i} (i 1-3) species in different relative abundances, depending on the lanthanide used. Here, the relative abundances of the Ln(BTP){sub 3} complexes correlate with the distribution ratios for extraction to the organic phase of the respective lanthanide. (authors)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this paper we present an approximation method for the convolution of two planar curves using pairs of compatible cubic B?zier curves with linear normals (LN). We characterize the necessary and sufficient conditions for two compatible cubic B?zier LN curves with the same linear normal map to exist. Using this characterization, we obtain the cubic spline approximation of the convolution curve. As illustration, we apply our method to the approximation of a font where the letters are constructed as the Minkowski sum of two planar curves. We also present numerical results using our approximation method for offset curves and compare our method to previous results.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Transition joints in power plants between ferritic steels and austenitic stainless steels suffer from a mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) and the migration of carbon during service from the ferritic to the austenitic steel. To overcome these, nickel-based consumables are commonly used. The use of a trimetallic combination with an insert piece of intermediate CTE provides for a more effective lowering of thermal stresses. The current work envisages a trimetallic joint involving modified 9Cr-1Mo steel and 316LN austenitic stainless steel as the base materials and Alloy 800 as the intermediate piece. Of the two joints involved, this paper describes the choice of welding consumables for the joint between Alloy 800 and 316LN. Four consumables were examined: 316, 16-8-2, Inconel 82 and Inconel 182. The comparative evaluation was based on hot cracking tests and estimation of mechanical properties and coefficient of thermal expansion. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: In case of lanthanide (Ln) compounds the bis(trimethylsilyl)amido (btmsa) ligand is considered as a steric and electronic equivalent of the bis(trimethylsilyl)methanido (btmsm) group . Because of their extreme air and moisture sensitivity the chemistry of Ln(btmsm)_3 is very poor, whereas that of comparatively stable Ln(btmsa)_3 is much more developed. As we wish to extend the chemistry of Ln(btmsm)_3 and plan to derive and to parameterize the crystal field (CF) splitting patterns of the target molecules, it is recommended to study in advance the electronic structures of the corresponding compounds derived from Ln(btmsa)_3 . Beside (btmsa)_3 Nd(m-Cl)Li(THF)_3 a number of mono base adducts [(btmsa)_3 Ln.B] with sterically less demanding bases such as OPPh_3 , NCtBu or CNtBu have been described and were partly structurally characterized. Considering ...

Science.gov (United States)

Feb 25, 2008 ... In the two Landsat scenes shown above, the pattern of deforestation can be clearly discerned. Deep green in these images shows lush ...

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films and cylinders of rare earth doped yttrium aluminum garnets. ... We knew that yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) could be doped with ...

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... of this material is, however, outside the currently approved earth fill materials collection area ... fill material suitable for its intended use. The currently approved site contains material that is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

High temperature deformation behaviour of an experimental Beta-titanium alloy Ti-10V has been studied in the temperature range 800 to 945 degree C by using the method of crosshead speed cycling. Although subgrain formation was observed but the alloy did not exhibit superplastic behaviour in the entire temperature range studied. A very large initial grain size and elongation of grains during the deformation are considered the main factors responsible for absence of superplastic behaviour. The activation energy values for regions II and III of the ln sigma vs. ln small epsilon plots are close to the lower of the two activation energy values proposed together to describe self diffusion in beta-phase suggesting that the rate controlling mechanism is that for lattice diffusion rather then grain boundary diffusion. (author)

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Description of how global warming could be disastrous for much of the earth's population....

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...global warming situation is more than evaporation around ...background red ? which was the global warming the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effects of proximate and ultimate analysis, maceral content, and coal rank (R{sub max}) for a wide range of Kentucky coal samples from calorific value of 4320 to 14960 (BTU/lb) (10.05 to 34.80 MJ/kg) on Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) have been investigated by multivariable regression and artificial neural network methods (ANN). The stepwise least square mathematical method shows that the relationship between (a) Moisture, ash, volatile matter, and total sulfur; (b) ln (total sulfur), hydrogen, ash, ln ((oxygen + nitrogen)/carbon) and moisture; (c) ln (exinite), semifusinite, micrinite, macrinite, resinite, and R{sub max} input sets with HGI in linear condition can achieve the correlation coefficients (R{sup 2}) of 0.77, 0.75, and 0.81, respectively. The ANN, which adequately recognized the characteristics of the coal samples, can predict HGI with correlation coefficients of 0.89, 0.89 and 0.95 respectively in ...

Science.gov (United States)

of satellite, aircraft and ground-based observations. In ..... swarm traps by Utah Department of Food and Agriculture (DAF) personnel. Preliminary Results ..... the 150th anniversary of the book's publication and the 200th anniversary of Darwin's birth. ...... cold war submarine missions to find that Arctic Ocean ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rare Earth Cobalt (REC) permanent magnets have unique properties that permit solutions to some optical tasks that cannot be accomplished with conventional magnets. A review of design and of performance characteristics of these magnets includes an analytical description of the three dimensional fringe fields of REC quadrupoles.

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(Like using solar cookers to make hot dogs! Yummm!) How many people do you want to attend? 5? 30? 200?!? (Ambitious aren't we?) ...

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The Grover S and X-band dual-wavelength radar system has been ...... A. H. Watkins (U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources. Observation Systems Data Center ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The prospect for the recovery of rare earths from red mud, the bauxite tailings from the production of alumina is examined. The Jamaican red mud by far has the higher trace concentrations of lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, and yttrium. Scandium is also present. The dissolution of the rare earth is a major extraction problem because of the large volume of other materials. The recovery processes that have been proposed include the production of co-products such as iron, alumina, and titanium concentrates, with the rare earths going with the titanium. In this paper a critical examination of the possible processes are presented with the recommended research projects to be carried out.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

NASA's Glory spacecraft is equipped to survey and map aerosols in Earth's atmosphere during a mission marking the return to flight of the Taurus XL rocket.

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Topics covered include: Methods of Helium Injection and Removal for Heat Transfer Augmentation; The

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this thesis the results are described of an investigation into the radiationless transfer of electronic excitation energies in various Eu"3"+ and Tb"3"+ compounds, which show structural peculiarities in the rare-earth sublattice. These peculiarities are an one-dimensional sublattice as well as two different crystallographic locations for the rare-earth ion. 154 refs.; 43 figs.; 12 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The tribo characteristics of self-lubricating 40-mm-bore ball bearings with a retainer of glass cloth-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) laminate, which has elliptical pockets with a large pocket clearance, were tested under thrust loads at speeds up to 50,000 rpm, 2 million DN, in liquid hydrogen (LH2) and in liquid nitrogen (LN2). During testing, the bearing torque, outer-race temperature, and electric resistance between the inner and outer races were monitored to verify the formation and rupture of a PTFE transfer film. Testing showed that the bearings having the elliptical retainer pockets were superior to the conventional bearings with circular pockets. It was determined that, at the maximum inner race spinning velocity of about 5 m/s, a PTFE transfer film could sustain the maximum Hertz stress, up to about 2000 N/sq mm, in LH2, without severe film rupture resulting in bearing seizure. In LN2, the critical load capacity of PTFE transfer film ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Type 316 stainless steel is the primary candidate austenitic structural material for fusion first wall constructions. Here, type 316L(N) stainless steel plate material has been irradiated up to 10 dpa at temperatures of 80, 225, 325, and 425 C in the High Flux Reactor (HFR) of Petten. Tensile tests have been performed in the temperature range from RT to 575 C at a conventional strain rate of 5 x 10"-"4 s"-"1. The results of the tensile tests are analyzed in terms of irradiation hardening and loss of ductility due to irradiation. Tensile properties saturate in the early stage (within 0.65 dpa) at the lowest applied irradiation temperature. It is indicated that the most severe degradation of tensile ductility occurs in the temperature range of 275 to 350 C. Comparison with literature data revealed a large scatter in irradiation hardening at irradiation temperatures above 325 C.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

For an assessment of the future US spallation neutron source (SNS) target performance, radiation induced hardening and microstructural evolution were investigated as a function of ion dose for EC316LN stainless steel. Irradiation was carried out using 3.5 MeV Fe"+, 360 keV He"+, and 180 keV H"+ simultaneous ion-beams at 200 deg. C to simulate the damage, He and H production in the SNS target vessel wall. At low dose (< 1 dpa), the predominant defects were black dots whose number density saturated rapidly within a few dpa. This was followed by the evolution of interstitial loops whose number density saturated below 15 dpa. Although He-bubbles were not visible, severely scalloped loops suggested that the implanted He/H atoms existed in the form of small clusters. Comparison with reported neutron irradiation data showed that hardening and ductility loss occurred mostly in the black dot regime (< 1 dpa), but that good ductility (>20% elongation) was maintained ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

For the reuse of a waste salt from an electrorefining process of a spent oxide fuel, a separation of rare earth elements by an oxidative precipitation in a LiCl-KCl molten salt was tested without using precipitate agents. From the results obtained from the thermochemical calculations by HSC Chemistry software, the most stable rare earth compounds in the oxygen-used rare earth chlorides system were oxychlorides (EuOCl, NdOCl, PrOCl) and oxides (CeO2, PrO2), which coincide well with results of the Gibbs free energy of the reaction. In this study, similar to the thermochemical results, regardless of the sparging time and molten salt temperature, oxychlorides and oxides were formed as a precipitant by a reaction with oxygen. The structure of the rare earth precipitates was divided into two sha...

CERN Document Server

The possible physical linkage between galactic cosmic rays intensity and the Earth's cloud cover is discussed using the analysis of the first indirect aerosol effect (Twomey effect) and its experimental representation as the dependence of average cloud droplet effective radius on aerosol index characterizing the aerosol concentration in the atmospheric air column of unit section. It is shown that the basic kinetic equation of the Earth's climate energy-balance model is described by the bifurcation equation (with respect to the temperature of the Earth's surface) in the form of fold catastrophe with two governing parameters defining the variations of insolation and Earth's magnetic field (or galactic cosmic rays intensity in the atmosphere), respectively. The principle of hierarchical climatic models construction, which consists in the structural invariance of balance equations of these models evolving ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Several new complexes of isomeric schiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde and o-hydroxybenzylamine/o-aminobenzyl-alcohol with Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Gd(III), Tb(III), and Dy(III) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The schiff bases behave as monobasic tridentate ONO donor and dibasic tridentate ONO donor ligands and form complexes of the type Ln(LH)L. (author). 12 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

For the reuse of a waste salt from an electrorefining process of a spent oxide fuel, a separation of rare earth elements by an oxidative precipitation in a LiCl-KCl molten salt was tested without using precipitate agents. From the results obtained from the thermochemical calculations by HSC Chemistry software, the most stable rare earth compounds in the oxygen-used rare earth chlorides system were oxychlorides (EuOCl, NdOCl, PrOCl) and oxides (CeO2, PrO2), which coincide well with results of the Gibbs free energy of the reaction. In this study, similar to the thermochemical results, regardless of the sparging time and molten salt temperature, oxychlorides and oxides were formed as a precipitant by a reaction with oxygen. The structure of the rare earth precipitates was divided into two shapes: small cubic (oxide) and large plate-like (tetragonal) structures. The conversion efficiencies of the rare ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uranium dendrites which were deposited at a solid cathode of an electrorefiner contained a certain amount of salts. These salts should be removed for the recovery of pure metal using a cathode processor. In the uranium deposits from the electrorefining process, there are actinide chlorides and rare earth chlorides in addition to uranium chloride in the LiCl-KCl eutectic salt. The evaporation behaviors of the actinides and rare earth chlorides in the salts should be investigated for the removal of salts in the deposits. Experiments on the salt evaporation of rare earth chlorides in a LiCl-KCl eutectic salt were carried out. Though the vapor pressures of the rare earth chlorides were lower than those of the LiCl and KCl, the rare earth chlorides were co-evaporized with the LiCl-KCl eutectic salt. The Hertz-Langmuir relation was applied for this evaporation, and also the evaporation ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For joining type 316LN austenitic stainless steel to modified 9Cr-1Mo steel for power plant application, a trimetallic configuration using an insert piece (such as alloy 800) of intermediate thermal coefficient of expansion (CTE) has been sometimes suggested for bridging the wide gap in CTE between the two steels. Two joints are thus involved and this paper is concerned with the weld between 316LN and alloy 800. These welds were produced using three types of filler materials: austenitic stainless steels corresponding to 316,16Cr-8Ni-2Mo, and the nickel-base Inconel 182{sup 1}. The weld fusion zones and the interfaces with the base materials were characterised in detail using light and transmission electron microscopy. The 316 and Inconel 182 weld metals solidified dendritically, while the 16-8-2(16%Cr-8%Ni-2%Mo) weld metal showed a predominantly cellular substructure. The Inconel weld metal contained a large number of inclusions when deposited ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The rare earth antimonates RE{sub 3}Sb{sub 5}O{sub 12} constitute an isostructural series, where the rare earth site symmetry is S{sub 4}. The spectroscopic properties of pure or doped compounds of this family are studied in order to derive their energy level schemes and to simulate them through the crystal field theory, by using the approximated D{sub 2d} potential. The paramagnetic susceptibilities are calculated with the derived wavefunctions and compared to experiment.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract The creation of chirality on Earth and the development of chiral life have been discussed in this highlight. Convincing evidence for the introduction of chirality on Earth is still fragmentary. We believe that by a combination of chiral crystallization and formation of helical polymers with preferred chiral conformational structure is the key to this question. This concept of macromolecular asymmetry has inspired ideas and resulted in possible rules for how chiral life as we know it, could have been introduced. These investigations needed the understanding of the requirements for chiral crystallization, for the stereochemistry of the initial formation of helical polymers, the measurements of optical activity of solids and their coordination with the fundamentals of chirality. Spac...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The gravitational torque applied on the Earth by the other celestial bodies generates periodic variations in the orientation of the Earth's rotation axis in space which are called nutations. Observations of Earth's nutations allow for insights into the physical properties of the inner core because of the presence of a normal mode, the Free Inner Core Nutation (FICN), which is characterized by a tilt of the inner core figure and rotation axes with respect to the mantle and outer core. The frequency of the FICN is controlled by the strength of the mechanical coupling acting at the inner core boundary (ICB) and by the ability of the inner core to deform under the action of centrifugal and gravitational forces. Attenuation of the FICN reflects energy dissipated by electromagnetic (EM) and visc...

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Nov 8, 2010 ... Ihring Mission 11, the radiation dosimetry measurement system functioned normally and provided data on the Earth's trapped radiation belts ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An oxidative precipitation reaction of rare-earth chlorides in a LiCl-KCl molten salt was successfully carried out by a lab-scale apparatus. The conversion efficiency of the used rare earth chlorides into the insoluble precipitates was increased with the sparging time and temperature and was affected on oxygen sparger type. In the conditions of 700 .deg. C molten salt temperature and above 540min sparging time, the final conversion efficiencies were over 99% for all the experimented rare-earth chlorides. The hydrodynamic characteristics of an oxygen-molten salt two phase flow system are very important for a co-oxidative precipitation of rare earth elements.

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... Astronomy & Space Biology Chemistry & Materials Computing Earth & Environment Education ... Materials Research Center at the University of Chicago, one of nearly 30 NSF-supported Materials ...

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The rapidly growing field of remote sensing is beginning to supply massive amounts of high resolution imagery of the earth and other planets. ...

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Feb 15, 2010 ... This astronaut photo from January 4, 2010, shows meander scars and oxbow lakes in the floodplain of the Rio Negro in South America.

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Federal regulators were set to vote on a plan to protect deep water corals and other sensitive fish habitats that will likely include a permanent ban on ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study presents new software, called Google Earth-based Optimal HAulage RouTing System (GEOHARTS), to improve the functionality of Google Earth for optimal haulage routing of off-road dump trucks in construction and mining sites. A modified least-cost path algorithm, which is applicable to working areas with both paved and unpaved temporary roads and can consider the effects of terrain relief and curves along a route on the route planning, was proposed and utilized for the software development. GEOHARTS can determine optimal haulage routes between loaders and dumps that ensure the least travel time or fuel consumption of off-road dump trucks and can visualize the results using an embedded 3D render window of Google Earth. The application to the Pasir open-pit coal mine in Indonesia dem...

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Satellite Observations of the Southeast Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone During 1993-1998, Halpern, D.; Hung, C.-W., Journal of Geophysical Research ? ...

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of Earth Science data and information management capabilities. Dale Schulz/400 . For your exceptional achievement in leading the joint LaRC/GSFC team in ...

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The portion of the Waterpocket Fold illustrated in this image includes layered rocks formed during the Mesozoic Era (~ 250 65 million years ago) the oldest ...

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goals for multisensor co-registration and fusion. 6 - 12.5 Km ..... Beta-Test toolkit for cyclogenesis and early evolution of cyclones ...

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The SHARP cannon. Hydrogen is compressed in the tube on top, the gun barrel is on bottom. When Jules Verne wrote in 1865 "From Earth to the Moon" he ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Extraction of rare earths (La, Ce, Pr, Eu, Gd, Er, Yb) from nitrate solutions by melts of carboxylic acids of the C/sub 17/-C/sub 20/ fraction and stearic acid with paraffin, depending on the temperature (60-90 deg), phase contact time and their volume ratio (O:B from 1:5 up to 1:100), pH of the aqueous phase (2-6), rare earth concentration (10/sup -6/-10/sup -3/ m) is studied. It is shown that in the whole concentration range investigated rare earths are extracted quantitatively into the carboxylic acid melt of C/sub 17/-C/sub 20/ fraction at the equilibrium value of pH>=3.8, while into the melt of 0.1 M stearic acid in paraffin at pH>=4.5.

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Aug 23, 2011 ... Earthquakes, Hurricanes and Stubborn Instruments ... And if earthquakes and stubborn instruments aren't enough, there's this giant hurricane ...

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May 11, 2007 ... "Deforestation in the tropics accounts for nearly 20 per cent of carbon emissions due to human activities," Dr. Canadell says. ...

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Features: FOREST, DEFORESTATION, RIO JAMARI Geographic Region: BRAZIL .... Features: DEFORESTATION, TIERRAS BAJAS DEFORESTATION Geographic Region: BOLIVIA ...

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Zinn, John;. Hoerlin,. Herman; and Petschek,. Albert. G.: The Motion of Bomb. Debris. Following the Starfish. Test. Radiation. Trapped in the Earth's ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Specimens of glassy Pd{sub 80}Si{sub 20} were irradiated at temperatures below 100K with 3.5 MeV krypton ions. After irradiation, changes in the sound velocity were measured at 80 K without warm-up by Brillouin scattering. The sound velocity decreased with increasing ion fluence and exponentially approached a saturation value of -4.7%. The change in the shear elastic modulus per unit concentration n of defects was estimated to be d(ln C)/dn = -9.4 to -4.7. The results of the present study are compared with changes in the elastic properties predicted recently by an interstitialcy model for glassy metals, and with the elastic properties of glassy metals after thermal treatment.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This issue of Carbon Market Perspectives on 'Pathways for implementing REDD+: Experience from carbon markets and communities' discusses the role of carbon markets in scaling up investments for REDD+ in developing countries. Nine articles authored by experienced negotiators on REDD+, carbon market actors, project developers and other leading experts share experiences and make suggestions on the key elements of a future international REDD+ regime: Architecture and underlying principles, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV), private-sector involvement, the rights of indigenous people and local communities, biodiversity conservation and environmental integrity. The articles are grouped under three main topics: the lessons of existing REDD+ projects; the future REDD+ regime and the role of carbon markets; and experiences and ideas about the involvement of indigenous people and local communities. (LN)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pulse radiolysis was used to examine the nature of the silver species obtained when an aqueous solution containing sequestered Ag"+ ions was reduced by hydrated electrons in the presence of a surfactant macrocyclic crown ether, labeled L, and/or a maltoside surfactant. The initially formed product is the Ag"0(L) species which rapidly loses its ligand (half-life #<=#5 #mu#s) and reacts with another Ag"+(L) ion to form Ag_2"+(L). The latter species decays by a bimolecular process to form the Ag_4"2"+(L)_n species at a faster rate than its ligand free analogue. Ultimately, colloidal metallic silver, (Ag)_n, forms which is stabilized by the surfactant moieties. No long-term stability to the reduced monomolecular species could be obtained.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption (the Henry constant, the heat and entropy of adsorption) of amino acids associates with acetic, trifluoroacetic, nonafluoropentanoic acids and formamide with different values of hydrogen bond lengths and various conformations on a graphitized thermal carbon black (GTCB) were calculated. The experimental results, as the Henry constant, lnK1, and the differences in the molar Gibbs energies, d(DG), obtained by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a carbon sorbent Hypercarb, were compared with the values of thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption of the amino acids on the GTCB surface calculated by a molecular-statistical method. A satisfactory correlation was observed between the experimental and calculated values with a coeffi...

CERN Document Server

In this paper, we first discuss the detection of supernova neutrino on Earth. Then we propose a possible method to acquire information about $\\theta_{13}$ smaller than $1.5^\\circ$ by detecting the ratio of the event numbers of different flavor supernova neutrinos. Such an sensitivity cannot yet be achieved by the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molar extinction coefficients for the solid solutes in aqueous solutions of some alkaline earth chlorides such as MgCl_2.6H_2O, CaCl_2, SrCl_2.6H_2O and BaCl_2.2H_2O have been determined at 81, 356, 511, 662, 1173 and 1332 keV energies in different concentration using the narrow beam transmission methods. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of powder samples of heavy rare-earth (Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb) tungstates have been reported in the temperature range 300 to 900 K. Curie-Weiss law behaviour has been observed for all samples. The Curie constant, paramagnetic Curie temperature and magneton number for the magnetic ions have also been evaluated for each material. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Summaries of the highlights of programs in the Earth Sciences Division are presented under four headings; Geosciences, Geothermal Energy Development, Nuclear Waste Isolation, and Marine Sciences. Utilizing both basic and applied research in a wide spectrum of topics, these programs are providing results that will be of value in helping to secure the nation's energy future. Separate abstracts have been prepared for each project for inclusion in the Energy Data Base. (DMC)

Wastenet

...6 Resource type: reference data Global Change Master Directory An extensive source of information about satellite and in situ Earth science data, with broad coverage of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, oceans, solid earth, and biosphere. Author: NASA Subjects: climatology, global change, oceanographic data DeweyClass: 551.6 Resource type: documents, news International ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An electric propulsion concept suitable for delivering heavy payloads from low earth orbit (LEO) to high energy earth orbit is proposed. The system consists of a number of pulsed inductive plasma thrusters powered by a 100 kWe space nuclear power system. The pulsed plasma thruster is a relatively simple electrodeless device. It also exhibits adequate conversion to thrust power in the desired I sub sp regime of 1500 to 3000 seconds for optimal payload transfer from low earth to high earth orbit. Because of these features and the fact that the nuclear power unit will be capable of delivering sustained high power levels throughout the duration of any given mission, the system presented appears to be a very promising propulsion candidate for advanced orbital transfer vehicle (OTV) applications. An OTV, which makes use of this propulsion system and which has been designed to lift a 9000-lb payload into ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Austenitic 316LN alloy was ion-irradiated using the unique Triple Ion Beam Facility (TIF) at ORNL to investigate radiation damage effects relevant to spallation neutron sources. The TIF was used to simulate significant features of GeV proton irradiation effects in spallation neutron source target materials by producing displacement damage while simultaneously injecting helium and hydrogen at appropriately high gas/dpa ratios. Irradiations were carried out at 80, 200, and 350 C using 3.5 MeV Fe{sup ++}, 360 keV He{sup +}, and 180 keV H{sup +} to accumulate 50 dpa by Fe, 10,000 appm of He, and 50,000 appm of H. Irradiations were also carried out at 200 C in single and dual ion beam modes. The specific ion energies were chosen to maximize the damage and the gas accumulation at a depth of {approximately} 1 {micro}m. Variations in microstructure and hardness of irradiated specimens were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a nanoindentation ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The majority of experimental and population studies of blood lead (PbB) and environmental lead, including the Omaha study, have utilized the Goldsmith-Hexter log-log or power function model. Comparison was made of the log-log model and a linear model of total exposure as they described the Omaha Study of 1074 PbBs from children ages 1-18 years as related to air (PbA), soil (PbS), and housedust (PbHD) lead. The data fit of the linear model was statistically equivalent to the power model and the predicted curves were biologically more plausible. The linear model avoids the mathematical limitations of the power model which predicts PbB zero at PbA zero. From the Omaha data, this model, ln PbB = ln (..beta../sub 0/ + B/sub 1/ PbA + B/sub 2/ PbS + ..beta../sub 3/ PbHD) predicts that PbB increases 1.92 ..mu..g/dl as PbA increases 1.0 ..mu..g/m/sup 3/. Since PbS and PbHD increase with PbA, however, the increases in total exposure predict a PbB ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has variable degree of F-18 FDG avidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between F-18 FDG uptake and pathological or immunohistochemical features of DTC. DTC patients who underwent both pre-operative F-18 FDG PET/CT scan and surgery were included in the study. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of primary tumor were calculated. If the primary tumor showed no perceptibly increased F-18 FDG uptake, region of interest was drawn based on finding of CT portion of the PET/CT images. Pathological and immunohistochemical markers such as presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis and underlying thyroiditis, tumor size, Ki-67 labeling index, expressions of EGFR, COX-2, and Galectin-3 were evaluated. Total of 106 patients was included (102 papillary carcinomas, 4 follicular carcinomas). The mean SUVmax of the large tumors (above 1 cm) was significantly higher than the mean SUVmax of small (equal to or less ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The need for alternative energy increases steadily???especially due to the climate change and the limited availability of fossil fuels. Geothermal power uses the intrinsic heat which is stored in the accessible part of the Earth???s crust. Its importance among the renewable energy resources originates from the almost unlimited energy supply of the Earth and its independence from external influences such as seasonal or even daily climatic variability. Nevertheless, there are risks which have to be assessed. From a mathematical point of view there are four building blocks of the characterization of deep geothermal systems: seismic exploration, gravimetry, modeling transport processes, and modeling the stress field. In particular, local depletion poses a significant risk during the industrial...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The desire to study negative ion structure and negative ion-photon interactions has spurred the development of ion sources for use in research and industry. The many different types of negative ion sources available today differ in their characteristics and abilities to produce anions of various species. Thus the importance of choosing the correct type of negative ion source for a particular research or industrial application is clear. In this study, the results of an investigation on the production of beams composed of negatively-charged rare-earth ions from a cylindrical-cathode-geometry, cesium-sputter-type negative ion source are presented. Beams of atomic anions have been observed for most of the first-row rare-earth elements, with typical currents ranging from hundreds of picoamps to several nanoamps.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study has been made of the colour reaction involved in the interaction or rare-earth elements with the reagent orthanyl K, the optimum conditions for the reaction being: pH=4.0-4.5 and lambda=660-670 nm. The ratio of components in the complex is Me:R=1:2. Consideration of the relative optical density values of the complex solutions as a function of the serial number of the rare-earth elements made it possible to recommend orthanyl K as a selective reagent for determining La, Ce, Pr and Nb in a mixture of Tu, Yb, Lu and Y oxides. The molar extinction coefficients, the sensitivity of the reaction and the concentration limits where Beer's law applies were calculated. Lanthanum was determined in a binary mixture with thulium and yttrium. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Spacecraft studies of the three terrestrial planets with atmospheres have made it possible to make meaningful comparisons that shed light on their common origin and divergent evolutionary paths. Early in their histories, all three apparently had oceans and extensive volcanism; Mars and Earth, at least, had magnetic fields, and Earth, at least, had life. All three currently have climates determined by energy balance relationships involving carbon dioxide, water and aerosols, regulated by solar energy deposition, atmospheric and ocean circulation, composition, and cloud physics and chemistry. This paper addresses the extent to which current knowledge allows us to explain the observed state of each planet, its planetology, climatology and biology, within a common framework. Areas of ignorance...

Science.gov (United States)

Incoming solar energy had to be assimilated to sustain it. .... Roll stability was achieved with an Earth sensor mounted on the directional antenna. .... Once more a rocket becomes the means of producing a vector change in velocity. ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundDinoflagellates are unicellular, often photosynthetic protists that play a major role in the dynamics of the Earth's oceans and climate. Sequencing of dinoflagellate nuclear...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Dolores Beasley Headquarters, Washington, DC July 19, 2000 (Phone: 202/358- 1753) Bill Steigerwald Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (Phone: ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundGeographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide valuable insight into patterns of human activity. Online spatial display applications, such as Google Earth, can democratise...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Types of disorders in the earth's surface as a result of open pit mining operations are analyzed. Trends for recultivation of lands are defined. Formulas are presented for calculating the economic expediency of the selected direction of recultivation.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

More than 30 years ago, human beings looked back from the Moon to see the magnificent spectacle of Earth-rise. The technology that put us into space has since been used to assess the damage...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

BAE SYSTEMS Infrared Imaging Systems. MS 209. 2 Forbes Road. Lexington, MA 02421 -7306. (781) 863-3762. (781) 863-4809 (fax) ken.overoye @lmco.com ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Earth`s troposphere and hydrosphere contain abundant naturally generated dust. The ultimate source materials from which the terrestrially produced dust is generated are the various rock types exposed at the Earth`s surface. Natural dust is a composite of (1) lithic, primary mineral grains; (2) mineral grains formed by secondary chemical reactions; (3) volcanic ash and dust; (4) salts from sea sprays; (5) extra-terrestrial dust; and (6) biologic materials. In this paper the various pathways to the natural generation of dust (via the hydrologic cycle) will be discussed, and two geologically well-known natural dust sources will be described, paying particular attention to quantitative measurements of the dusts from these areas. General dust studies that provide data on possibly global background levels will be presented as well.. A few general aspects of the mineralogical characterization of dust particles and a discussion of some of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis (RXFA) were used for the determination of rare earth elements. For INAA, solution obtained by sample decomposition was dripped onto filter paper, enclosed and sealed into a polyethylene foil. The sample was activated in reactor WWR-S over a period of 4 to 6 hours with a neutron fluence of 10"1"3cm"-"2. Gamma radiation measurement was carried out with a planar and a coaxial HP-Ge detector in three decay periods. La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Tm, Yb and Lu were determined. The advantage of the method is its accuracy and high sensitivity, the disadvantage is the time-consuming analysis. The RXFA method was used as a rapid and operative method for the analysis of loose ore samples, aqueous and organic solutions of rare earth elements. For exciting X-ray radiation, "2"4"1Am was used and the radiation of K-lines was detected with a planar Si(Li) detector. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Recent proposals have shown that a quantum degenerate gas of alkaline earth atoms can be used for a number of novel quantum computing and quantum simulation experiments. Strontium is a good candidate for such experiments because it can be controlled with high precision, as demonstrated in recent atomic clock experiments. Unfortunately, the small scattering length of strontium is not amenable to evaporative cooling techniques that are used to reach quantum degeneracy. Furthermore, increasing the scattering length of alkaline earths with a magnetic Feshbach resonance is not possible due to their spinless electronic ground state configuration. However, recent theoretical and experimental work suggests the possibility of changing scattering lengths in alkaline earths with laser light. Using this optical Feshbach resonance near strontium's narrow ^1S0->^3P1 intercombination transition might allow its scattering length to be ...

Science.gov (United States)

Federated Search (openSearch) (C. Lynnes); Infusion Process (S. Olding) Metrics Planning & Reporting (R. Ramapriyan); Service & Event Casting (B. Wilson) ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In 18 months the Canadian Medical Discoveries Fund (CMDF) has attracted investments worth $180 million to spend on biotechnology and medical research. Although eight initial investments totalled only...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An introduction to time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy is presented in the context of the study of magnetic materials. Examples are taken from the class of rare earth and actinide magnetic materials known as `strongly correlated electron` systems. (author) 11 figs., 24 refs.

Science.gov (United States)

Features: CHUQUICAMATA, LARGE OPEN PIT MINING OPERATIONS, ROADS, HILLS Center Point Latitude: -22.3 Center Point Longitude: -68.9 (Negative numbers indicate ...

Science.gov (United States)

It was thus actually the fourth stage of the rocket assembly. ... package, and several temperature sensors - was mounted in the cross-lattice frame. ... Earth's geomagnetic field and incoming charged particles from the Sun and extra-solar space. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... say for sure if the signal is coming from hail, lots of graupel, or some other hydrometeor . ... Precipitation forms when cloud droplets or ice particles in clouds grow and .... A landslide is the movement of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. ...

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... 03, 2001 | Rate It Lake Superior Streams http://www.lakesuperiorstreams.org/ (1 vote) interactively examine real-time water quality data from 5 ...north shore Lake Superior trout streams and learn about other streams in the region, how they \\

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...October 2006 - present: University of Leeds, UK PhD Candidate in Geochemistry Thesis Title: Magnetite formation in reducing natural environments Supervisors: Dr Liane G. Benning ...Germany Bachelor of Science in Geosciences and Astrophysics Project Details Project Title: \\

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundDengue fever is a mosquito-borne illness that places significant burden on tropical developing countries with unplanned urbanization. A surveillance system using Google...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Investigations of psychrotrophic microorganisms have been limited even though the dominant environment of the Earth is cold and enzymes with high activities at low temperatures could have commercial...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

ISS022, E, 8260, CHILE, CHUQUICAMATA, LARGE OPEN PIT MINING OPERATIONS, ROADS, HILLS, -22.3, -68.9, 20091209. ISS022, E, 8261, CHILE, CHUQUICAMATA, ...

Science.gov (United States)

Sep 9, 2009 ... You are here: GES DISC Home Geomorphology from Space By Location Landforms by Location: Asia. Info. Landforms by Location: Asia. KEY, ASIA ...

Science.gov (United States)

An ascending node occurs when the subsatellite point crosses the earth's equator going from .... 11dB sigma-naught. This error budget includes the altimeter noise, ...... it is also recommended to filter the data as follows to ...

Science.gov (United States)

...Pneumatic-tired earth-moving haulage equipment (trucks, scrapers, tractors...Pneumatic-Tired Earthmoving Haulage Equipment. An employer may, of course...pneumatic-tired earthmoving haulage equipment, is suspended pending...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The luminescence spectra of trivalent europium ion embedded in various rare earth chromates were analysed. The spectroscopic data in most of chromates are in agreement with the structural determination but for some others the discrepancy between two methods is underlined. Energy level schemes were deducted from the experimental emission spectra and the crystal field simulation has been performed. The maximum splitting of the "7F_1 manifold of the Eu"3"+ ion as a function of N_v, the so-called crystal field strength parameter, is given. This allows us to classify the compounds according to their crystal field extent. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The statistical {gamma}-spectra of highly excited even-even rare earth nuclei are simulated applying appropriate level density and strength function to a given nucleus. Hindrance effects due to K-conservation are taken into account. Simulations are compared to experimental data from the {sup 163}Dy({sup 3}He,{alpha}){sup 162}Dy and {sup 173}Yb({sup 3}He,{alpha}){sup 172}Yb reactions. The influence of the K quantum number at higher energies is discussed. 21 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radon is often used as a natural tracer for geochemical studies. In many cases radon interacts with water. The aim of this study is to assess the time required for radon to dissolve in water and reciprocally to degas from it, and to estimate the partition ratio between the two phases. A special setup has been devised and built for this purpose. Several experiments carried out with this equipment show that both dissolution and degassing are rapidly achieved phenomena. The qualitative consequence of these results in the field of Earth science are shortly discussed in the paper.

Science.gov (United States)

We discuss how magnetic phenomena affect superconductivity in simple metals, transition metals and alloys thereof, and dilute Rare-Earth alloys. It is shown both qualitatively and quantitatively that superconductors are sensitive probes for studying itinerant spin excitations, local spin excitations associated with nearly magnetic impurities, the effect of the atomic environment on the stability of local magnetic moments, and the nature of the spin order in Rare-Earth alloys. Also, we discuss how magnetic impurities can be used to study the electronic configuration which is responsible for superconductivity in Laves-phase crystals like A-15 compounds and ..beta..-W crystals, for example.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Climates at regional scale are strongly dependent on the interaction between atmosphere and its lower boundary, the oceans and the land surface mosaic. Land surfaces influence climate through their albedo, and the aerodynamic roughness, the processes of the biosphere and many soil hydrological properties; all these factors vary considerably geographically. Land surfaces receive a certain portion of the solar irradiance depending on the cloudiness, atmospheric transparency and surface albedo. Short-wave solar irradiance is the source of the heat energy exchange at the earth`s surface and also regulates many biological processes, e.g. photosynthesis. Methods for estimating solar irradiance, atmospheric transparency and surface albedo were reviewed during the course of this project. The solar energy at earth`s surface is consumed for heating the soil and the lower atmosphere. Where moisture is available, evaporation is one of the key components of ...

CERN Document Server

We present here the effective theory of inflation `a la Ginsburg-Landau in which the inflaton potential is a polynomial. The slow-roll expansion becomes a systematic 1/N expansion where N ~ 60. The spectral index and the ratio of tensor/scalar fluctuations are n_s - 1 = O(1/N), r = O(1/N) while the running turns to be d n_s/d \\ln k = O(1/N^2) and can be neglected. The energy scale of inflation M ~ 0.7 10^{16} GeV is completely determined by the amplitude of the scalar adiabatic fluctuations. A complete analytic study plus the Monte Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC) analysis of the available CMB+LSS data showed: (a) the spontaneous breaking of the phi -> - phi symmetry of the inflaton potential. (b) a lower bound for r: r > 0.023 (95% CL) and r > 0.046 (68% CL). (c) The preferred inflation potential is a double well, even function of the field with a moderate quartic coupling yielding as most probable values: n_s = 0.964, r = 0.051. This value for r is within ...

CERN Document Server

Learning to love the errror matrix lecture : Learning to love the errror matrix Introductory remarks. Conditional probability. Statistical and systematic errors. Combining results Binomial, Poisson and 1-D Gaussian 2-D Gaussian and the error matrix. Understanding the covariance. Using the error matrix. Estimating the error matrix. Combining correlated measurements Parameter determination by likelihood Do's and don'ts lecture : Parameter determination by likelihood : Do's and don'ts Introduction to likelihood. Error estimate. Simple examples: (1) Breit Wigner (2) Lifetime Binned and unbinned likelihood Several parameters Extended maximum likelihood. Common misapprehensions: Normalisation delta(lnL) = 1/2 rule and coverage Integrating the likelihood Unbinned L_max as goodness of fit Punzi effect Chi-squared and hypothesis testing lecture : Chi-squared and hypothesis testing Basic idea. Error estimates. Several parameters Correlated errors on y. Errors on x and y. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have investigated CeTSi{sub 3} and CeTGe{sub 3} (T = Rh and Ir) by measuring the magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, electrical resistivity, the resonant inverse photoemission (RIPES) and M{sub IV,V} x-ray absorption spectra (XAS). The germanides showed a very weak Kondo effect, but the silicides exhibited a negatively large Weiss temperature (approx. = -130 K) and a lnT dependence of magnetic resistivity above 100 K, suggesting that they are a Kondo-lattice compound with a high Kondo temperature T{sub K} (approx. = 100 K). The Curie-Weiss law suggests that Ce atoms in these compounds remain close to 3+ down to about 150 K in spite of their high T{sub K}. In general, both RIPES and M{sub IV,V} XAS support their apparently stable valency. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper discusses multiaxial, isothermal and thermocyclic experiments with tubes made of the austenitic steel 1.4909 (AISI 316 L(N)). The thermocyclic stress is induced by periodic, inductive heating of the tube outer wall and simultaneous, continuous water cooling of the inner wall. Temperature gradients above 100 K/mm are measured, which cause fatigue cracking, predominantly in the inner wall. The experiments with the isothermally stressed tube specimens are intended to simulate the equi-biaxial stress conditions that are typical of the thermocyclic stress regime. This stress regime is created by superimposed longitudinal stress (tension/compression), and circumferential stress (internal/external compression). A novel test bench was realised specifically for the experiments. The paper explains design, operation, and measuring techniques, especially of the circumferential strain measurements. The measured results are compared with results of uniaxial strain ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Earth`s history has been witness to recurrently alternating phases of catastrophic evolution and dominant tectonic deformations, contractions and extension of rifting and spreading leading to quasi-cyclic changes in sedimentary environment and various earth processes. Recent studies have shown quasi-periodicities of 32{+-}2 Million years (Myr) in various endogenic (geomagnetic reversals, magmatic events, mantle convection, various tectonic activities, climate change and biological extinctions) and exogenic (impact catering) processes indicating a remarkable kinship. A time series analysis is presented of the available CO{sub 2} record over the past 250 Myr decoded from global CaCO{sub 3} accumulation rates in sedimentary environment. The time series analysis reveals an intriguing evidence of a dominant periodicity of 33{+-}2 Myr which matches closely with a `common catastrophic periodicity` of 32 Myr identified in various terrestrial and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silicon nitride-based ceramics behavior is strongly influenced by microstructural parameters, which, in turn are determined by chosen densification method. Highly covalent Si-N bond hind are the silicon nitride densification. Therefore, metal oxides are used in order to get high density. However, such oxides must be carefully selected, because they affect the general macroscopic properties of sintered bodies. In the present work, the viability of rare earth concentrate use to produce #beta#--Si_6_-_xAl_xO_xN_8_-_x and its effect on mechanical properties of the sintering ceramics are studied. Additive composition, heating rate, soaking time and sintering temperature were took as variables. Hardness, fracture toughness, Young's modulus and flexural strength were investigated. Lattice parameter compositional dependence and secondary phases crystallized after past-sintering heat treatment were also determined. The results show that rare earth ...

CERN Document Server

In this paper, we first calculate the realistic Earth matter effects on the detection of type II supernova neutrinos at the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment which is currently under construction. It is found that the Earth matter effects depend on the neutrino incident angle \\theta, the neutrino mass hierarchy \\Delta m_{31}^{2}, the crossing probability at the high resonance region inside the supernova, P_H, the neutrino temperature, T_{\\alpha}, and the pinching parameter in the neutrino spectrum, \\eta_{\\alpha}. We give the expression for the dependence of P_H on the neutrino mixing angle \\theta_{13}. With this we obtain the relations between \\theta_{13} and the event numbers for various reaction channels of supernova neutrinos. Using these relations, we propose a possible way to measure \\theta_{13} smaller than 1.5^\\circ. Such a sensitivity cannot be achieved by the Daya Bay neutrino experiment (the sensitivity of the Daya Bay ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have begun the ExploreNEOs project in which we observe some 700 Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) at 3.6 and 4.5 ?m with the Spitzer Space Telescope in its Warm Spitzer mode. From these measurements and catalog optical photometry we derive albedos and diameters of the observed targets. The overall goal of our ExploreNEOs program is to study the history of near-Earth space by deriving the physical properties of a large number of NEOs. In this paper, we describe both the scientific and technical construction of our ExploreNEOs program. We present our observational, photometric, and thermal modeling techniques. We present results from the first 101 targets observed in this program. We find that the distribution of albedos in this first sample is quite broad, probably indicating a wide range of compositions within the NEO population. Many objects smaller than 1 km have high albedos (?>0.35), but few objects larger than 1 km have high albedos. This ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A low pressure nuclear thermal rocket (LPNTR) is configured to meet the requirements of a nuclear stage for manned Mars exploration. Safety, reliability and performance are given equal consideration in selecting the stage configuration. Preliminary trade studies are conducted to size the engine thrust and determine the thrust chamber pressure. A weight breakdown and mechanical configuration for the selected LPNTR concept are defined. A seven engine stage configuration is selected which gives a two engine out capability and eliminates the need for engine gimbaling. The stage can be ground assembled and launched as a unit including tankage for trans Earth injection and Earth orbital capture. The tankage is configured to eliminate the need for an inert shield. The small engine will be cheaper to develop than a single engine providing full thrust, and will be compatible with stages for Earth orbital, Lunar and deep space ...

Science.gov (United States)

Biofuels may contribute to both rural economic development and climate change mitigation and adaptation. The Gota Verde Project in Yoro, Honduras, attempts to demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of small-scale biofuel production for local use by implementing a distinctive approach to feedstock production that encourages small farm sizes, mixed cropping of biofuel feedstock from Jatropha and food crops, particularly corn and beans, grown side by side on the same farmland and the total involvement of small rural farmers. But is the project sustainable? Using EC-Assess, the Earth Charter ethics-based assessment tool, to assess the sustainability of this project, the author found that in some assessment categories the actions surpassed the intended objectives, showing that the project was achieving certain Earth Charter goals without specifically stating its intention to address them. (Contains 3 images, 3 figures and 2 notes.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The luminescence spectra of trivalent europium ion embedded in various rare earth chromates were analysed. The spectroscopic data in most of chromates are in agreement with the structural determination but for some others the discrepancy between two methods is underlined. Energy level schemes were deducted from the experimental emission spectra and the crystal field simulation has been performed. The maximum splitting of the {sup 7}F{sub 1} manifold of the Eu{sup 3+} ion as a function of N{sub v}, the so-called crystal field strength parameter, is given. This allows us to classify the compounds according to their crystal field extent. (author) 11 refs, 8 figs, 2 tabs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The spectre of major climate change caused by the greenhouse effect has generated intensive research, heated scientific debate and a concerted international effort to draft agreements for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This report of Scientific Perspectives on the greenhouse problem explains the technical issues in the debate in language readily understandable to the non-specialist. The inherent complexities of attempts to simulate the earth's climate are explained, particularly with regard to the effects of clouds and the circulation of the oceans, which together represent the largest factors of uncertainty in current global warming forecasts. Results of the search for the 'greenhouse signal' in existing climate records aredescribed in chapter 3 (part two). Chapter 5 (part two) develops a projection of 21st-century warming based on relatively firm evidence of the earth's actual response to known increases in greenhouse gas ...

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... Project Details Title: Influence of increasing droplet concentrations on properties of stratocumulus clouds and climate Supervisor: Dr Alan Gadian Funded by: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Start date: October 2006 My project involves use of the UK Met Office Unified Model (UM) to calculate the global effect of modifying stratocumulus droplet concentrations on the earth's radiation balance, as well as use of ... Publications Latham, J; Rasch, P; Chen, CC; Kettles, L; Gadian, A; Gettelman, A; Morrison, H; Bower, K; Choularton, T (2008) Global temperature stabilization via controlled albedo enhancement of low-level maritime clouds, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A, 366(1882), pp3969-3987. doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0137 Current Students | Internal ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A methodology for the determination of the rare earth elements in uranium oxides by ion microprobe has been set up on a Cameca ims-3f instrument. An uranium oxide reference material from a syn-metamorphic uranium deposit related to albitisation has also been developed for this type of analysis. Applications of the methodology are presented for a series of uranium oxides selected from some major uranium deposit types: from the world's highest grade unconformity-related uranium deposit from the Athabasca Basin (Saskatchewan, Canada; the Shea Creek and the McArthur River examples), a perigranitic vein-type deposit (Pen Ar Ran, Vendee, France) and a volcanic caldera-related deposit (Streltsovkoye, Transbaikalia, Russia). Each type of uranium deposit appears to have a specific REE signature. Al...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ions of rare earth elements (r.e.e.) have been found to form with benzilic acid and rhodamine B precipitates hardly soluble in water and extractable by toluene. The conditions of La and Pr determination by extraction-spectrophotometry method are studied. Relative square deviation does not exceed 0.027 and 0.034 respectively. The method can be used for determination of other cerium sub-group r.e.e. in their salts and cannot be employed for determination of lighter r.e.e. in the presence of heavier r.e.e., because the latter form low soluble precipitates capturing the r.e.e. situated in the beginninq of the r.e.e. series.

Science.gov (United States)

We propose two algorithms to provide a full preliminary orbit of an Earth-orbiting object with a number of observations lower than the classical methods, such as those by Laplace and Gauss. The first one is the Virtual debris algorithm, based upon the admissible region, that is the set of the unknown quantities corresponding to possible orbits for a given observation for objects in Earth orbit (as opposed to both interplanetary orbits and ballistic ones). A similar method has already been successfully used in recent years for the asteroidal case. The second algorithm uses the integrals of the geocentric 2-body motion, which must have the same values at the times of the different observations for a common orbit to exist. We also discuss how to account for the perturbations of the 2-body motion, e.g., the J 2 effect.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Gravity Probe-B (GP-B) spacecraft, designed to test predictions of general relativity, will fly in the mid 1990s. It will carry four electrostatically suspended gyroscopes in a cryogenic environment and will have a drag-free control system to minimize disturbances on the gyroscopes. The Stanford Test of Equivalence Principle (STEP) spacecraft, to fly later, will carry a set of test masses under very similar conditions. The possibility of using differential measurements of the GP-B gyroscopes suspension forces and the STEP tests mass displacement readout to form single-axis gravity gradiometers is explored. It is shown that the noise in the suspension systems is sufficiently small in the relevant frequency range, and that enough information is collected to compensate for the spacecrafts' attitude motion. Finally, using Breakwell's flat-earth approximation, these experiments are compared to other geodesy experiments and predict the contribution ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fractionation of isotopes of the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals in ion exchange chromatography of their chlorides was studied. The heavier isotopes of potassium and rubidium were found to be preferentially fractionated into the ion exchanger phase while the lighter isotopes of lithium, magnesium, calcium and strontium were enriched in the exchanger phase. This can be interpreted as a resultant of the relative significance of isotope effect upon dehydration and isotope effect accompanying the phase change of the hydrated metal ion. Found was no evidence of anomalous isotope effect attributable to the odd-even difference in mass number of isotopes. Based on the spectroscopic and solution chemical data (experimental and theoretical), the isotopic reduced partition function ratios of the hydrated alkaline metal ions and stretching force constants of metal ion-hydrating water bonds were estimated. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Four general topics are covered in respect to the natural space radiation environment: (1) particles trapped by the earth`s magnetic field, (2) cosmic rays, (3) radiation environment inside a spacecraft, (4) laboratory radiation sources. The interaction of radiation with materials is described by ionization effects and displacement effects. Total-dose effects on MOS devices is discussed with respect to: measurement techniques, electron-hole yield, hole transport, oxide traps, interface traps, border traps, device properties, case studies and special concerns for commercial devices. Other device types considered for total-dose effects are SOI devices and nitrided oxide devices. Lastly, single event phenomena are discussed with respect to charge collection mechanisms and hard errors. (GHH)

CERN Document Server

We compare the metallicities of stars with radial velocity planets to the metallicity of a sample of field dwarfs. We confirm recent work indicating that the stars-with-planet sample as a whole is iron rich. However, the lowest mass stars tend to be iron poor, with several having [Fe/H]0.48) that contributes to but does not explain the mass-metallicity trend in the stars-with-planets sample. We use Monte Carlo models to show that adding an average of 6.5 Earth masses of iron to each star can explain both the mass-metallicity and the age-metallicity relations of the stars-with-planets sample. However, for at least one star, HD 38529, there is good evidence that the bulk metallicity is high. We conclude that the observed metallicities and metallicity trends are the result of the interaction of three effects; accretion of about 6 Earth masses of iron rich material, selection effects, and in some cases, high intrinsic metallicity.

Wastenet

... This course is jointly taught between the School of Civil Engineering and the Environment and the School of Ocean and Earth Sciences. Scholarships 2 UK/EU fees only Scholarships are available for the academic year 2010/11. Awards will be given on the basis of merit. Flexible part-time study route available Back to top Home | About Us | Prospective Students |...

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionThis new research programme activity on Urban Atmospheric Science will deliver aspects of the NERC strategy: Next Generation Science for Planet Earth. It has been developed as part of the Environment, Pollution & Human Health theme. Research in the Environment, Pollution & Human Health theme is directed at elucidating key environmental processes that form part of a causal pathway between an environmental hazard and disease outcome, and providing a predictive capability of the risk to human heal [continued...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The brochure reports on the construction and method of operation of heat pumps: - Efficiency and temperature difference - output figure - circuit processes - saving of primary energy - monovalent and bivalent plants - absorber, earth collectors - heat recovery. (HW) [Deutsch] Die Broschuere berichtet ueber den Aufbau und die Wirkungsweise von Waermepumpen: - Wirkungsgrad und Temperaturdifferenz - Leistungszahl - Kreisprozesse - Einsparung von Primaerenergie - monovalente und bivalente Anlagen - Absorber, Erdkollektoren - Waermerueckgewinnung. (HW)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An internuclear cascade-evaporation code is used to model energy deposition in thin slabs of silicon. This model shows that protons produce a significant number of events with effective Linear Energy Transfer (LET) greater than 8 MeV cm"2/mg and demonstrates that proton testing of microelectronic components can be an effective way to screen devices for low earth orbit susceptibility to heavy ions.

Wastenet

... Rachel has also studied Geological Oceanography at the School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, including a year spent at the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory, Surrey, as a student researcher for the British Mid-Ocean Ridge Initiative (BRIDGE). Rachel has authored the following 1 Working Papers: 2002 ecm-2002-05 Towards Integrated Catchment/Coastal Management: Science, Policy ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

SX Holdings Limited intends to establish a rare earths plant at Port Pirie, South Australia. The proposal involves three stages of development, Stage 3 being to develop a monazite cracking plant and associated rare earths separation facility with the capacity to process up to 8,000 t/a of monazite-type ores. The proposed initial capacity is 4,000 t/a. This Draft Environmental Impact Statement relates to Stage 3 and is based on a monazite processing capacity of 8,000 t/a. The justification of the project is given in terms of use and the market for rare earths, the economic and environmental benefits of the proposal, the site selection process, site rehabilitation, and the consequences of not proceeding. A detailed description of the project is given, including the treatment process, site development and facilities, the supply of raw materials, product and waste handling, transport and storage, plant commissioning, operation ...

Wastenet

... The National Oceanography Centre, Southampton is one of the world's leading research centres for the study of ocean and earth sciences. Southampton General Hospital One of the country's leading teaching hospitals and the base for the University's School of Medicine. Winchester School of Art Founded in 1863, Winchester School of Art is based 12 miles (20 kilometres) north of Southampton in the historic city of Winchester,...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of small misch metal additions (0.25 to 1 wt.%) on the corrosion behaviour of aluminium was studied through electrochemical polarization in 0.1 N inorganic and organic acids at room temperature. It has been observed that rare earth addition improves the corrosion resistance of aluminium. (orig.).

Wastenet

... Electro-Osmotic Pulse (EOP) technology forces moisture to flow through concrete surfaces against the hydraulic gradient when an electric field is applied to an embedded anode system. This flow is initiated by the movement of cations (positively charged ions) present in a porous medium such as concrete toward the negative earth. Water surrounding the cations moves with them. The Corps of Engineers owns and maintains many buried ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An outline of Manitoba Hydro's Earth Power program was presented. Details of the heat pump market in Manitoba were provided, including details of residential and commercial sales. Total residential heat pump sales amounted to 577 units in 2004, equivalent to over $11.2 million in sales. Commercial installations amounted to approximately $12.7 million. An outline of industry players was presented. The goals of Manitoba Hydro were outlined in relation to geothermal energy and the Power Smart program. Their objectives included increasing awareness of geothermal energy, making heat pumps more accessible, and improving industry infrastructure. Other objectives included educating the public about life-cycle cost implications, residential loans and commercial incentives. To date, the residential power loan has provided financing to over 300 Manitoba home owners for installations, with electrical savings of over 1.34 Gwh and natural gas savings of 279,425 m"3. The program ...

Science.gov (United States)

Design constraints require that as Earth terminal attempting communications with a FLTSATCOM EHF Package (FEP) located onboard a FLTSATCOM satellite be provided with an accurate FEP package. To be precise, the terminal is provided with a coefficient element set from which the ephemeris of a satellite may be computed. This report describes the operation of a user friendly computer program that produces the above mentioned coefficient set so as to provide reference benchmarks from which the ephemeris related operations of the terminal can be judged.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A tobermorite/hydroxyapatite composite was prepared by hydrothermal treatment using diatomaceous earth, ?-tricalcium phosphate and slaked lime starting materials. The XRD patterns of the composite confirmed that tobermorite and hydroxyapatite were formed after the hydrothermal process. The bending strength of the composite reached a level higher than 9?MPa after the hydrothermal process. The development of the bending strength was due to the formation of tobermorite and hydroxyapatite during the hydrothermal process. The composite had a high specific surface area due to these newly formed crystals.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report highlights the significance of the geological sciences to the nation and to society. Discussions include understanding plate tectonics and surface processes, exploring the continental crust, ocean basins and the deep earth, applications of geology to social problems such as mineral resources, waste disposal, siting of critical facilities, geological hazards, water resources management, and coastal zones. The state of health of geological research is also discussed. (ACR)

Wastenet

...ENSO Applications Center (PEAC) Institutional Affiliation: PEAC's core members are The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Office of Global Programs (NOAA/OGP) The NOAA National Weather Service - Pacific Region (NWS-PR), The University of Hawaii - School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology UH/SOEST, The University of Guam - Water and Energy Research Institute (UOG/WERI), and a regional association of the USAPI Governments, the Pacific Basin ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A spectrophotometric study of the extraction with isobutanol of rare-earth elements in the form of complexes with quinoilizarin and N-benzene-N-phenylhydroxylamine has been made. The purpose of the study is to find out whether this reaction can be used in determining the concentration of elements in the presence of other rare-earth elements. In determining the relationship between the pH and light absorption the pH of the solution is measured after the extraction. The extraction of complexes begins at pH approximately 4 and reaches a maximum at pH7-8 (for La) and pH6-9 (for Er). The complexes underge decomposition when pH of the solution increased. The composition of complex compounds is determined by spectrophotometric methods for isomolar series, molar ratios and from the slope of logarithmic plots. Under optimal conditions (pH7.5) aAd at the measured ratio of the component for each ion of rare-earth elements, the molar ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research programs from the following sections and programs are summarized: aquatic ecology, environmental resources, earth sciences, terrestrial ecology, advanced fossil energy program, toxic substances program, environmental impacts program, biomass, low-level waste research and development program, US DOE low-level waste management program, and waste isolation program.

Wastenet

... 01, 2009 | Rate It Marine Technology Society https://www.mtsociety.org/home.aspx emphasizes the importance of marine technology as it applies to global issues, encourages marine technology education and facilitates the use of marine technology in managing marine resources Added: Mar. 11, 2010 |...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Passive dosimeters for personal and area radiation monitor in space have been developed mainly for dosimetry in low-earth-orbit (LEO) radiation environments of Space Shuttles and the International Space Station. The responses of several dosimeters have been evaluated by heavy ions and also its variation for individual dosimeter element. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present a study of the crystal field in PrNiAl, NdNiAl, ErNiAl and ErCuAl intermetallic compounds based on inelastic neutron spectroscopy. These compounds crystallize in the ZrNiAl-type hexagonal structure with an orthorhombic symmetry on rare-earth sites. The results are compared with the specific-heat data, and the lower parts of the crystal-field energy-level schemes are determined. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The metabolism of organic matter in the coastal regions of the ocean may significantly affect the oceanic carbon budget. This paper describes the high percentage (30%) of oceanic oxidation that occurs in coastal areas and the impact of this metabolism on the carbon cycle and climate of earth. Organic metabolism in the ocean appears to be a source of carbon dioxide release into the atmosphere. Oxidation in the coastal zone is of special interest, as it is likely influenced by anthropogenic activity. Recommendations for future research on this topic are proposed. 129 refs., 2 figs., 6 tabs.

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionCEH - Quest CCMAP see http://quest.bris.ac.uk/research/themes/CCMAP.html CCMAP (Climate-carbon modelling, assimilation and prediction) Leader: Dr. Eleanor Blyth (CEH, Wallingford) Overview and Goals CCMAP is one of QUEST's Theme 1 projects and is about to be commissioned to the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology at Wallingford. The Principal Investigator will be Dr. Eleanor Blyth, with subcontracts to the Universities of Bristol (Dr. Wolfgang Knorr, Earth Sciences and QUEST; Andy Ridgw [continued...

Wastenet

...book recommendations (46) brain (50) brilliant (32) bush (41) business (59) christianity (34) cia (348) cognitive psychology (40) cognitive science (60) cold war (100) communism (37) conspiracy (47) counterintelligence (61) covert operations (58) creativity (57) decision making (32) dvd (35) earth (155) economics (53) education (76) espionage (492) ethics (163) evolution (50) fbi (74) fiction (52) finance (32)...

Science.gov (United States)

1. Contest rules The European Space Agency (ESA) is launching a public competition to find the most suitable names for its four Cluster II space weather satellites. The quartet, which are currently known as flight models 5, 6, 7 and 8, are scheduled for launch from Baikonur Space Centre in Kazakhstan in June and July 2000. Professor Roger Bonnet, ESA Director of Science Programme, announced the competition for the first time to the European Delegations on the occasion of the Science Programme Committee (SPC) meeting held in Paris on 21-22 February 2000. The competition is open to people of all the ESA member states (*). Each entry should include a set of FOUR names (places, people, or things from history, mythology, or fiction, but NOT living persons). Contestants should also describe in a few sentences why their chosen names would be appropriate for the four Cluster II satellites. The winners will be those which are considered most suitable and relevant for the Cluster II mission. ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The evolution of "humanized" (i.e., free of animal sourced reagents) and ultimately chemically defined culture systems for human embryo stem cell (hESC) isolation and culture is of importance to improving their efficacy and safety in research and therapeutic applications. This can be achieved by integration of a multitude of individual approaches to replace or eliminate specific animal sourced reagents into a single comprehensive protocol. In the present study our objective was to integrate strategies obviating reliance on some of the most poorly defined and path-critical factors associated with hESC derivation, namely the use of animal immune compliment to isolate embryo inner cell mass, and animal sourced serum products and feeder cells to sustain hESC growth and attachment. As a result we report the derivation of six new hESC lines isolated by outgrowth from whole blastocysts on an extracellular matrix substrate of purified human laminin (Ln) with transitional ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The next-to-leading-order (NLO) cross section for the production of heavy quarks at large transverse momenta (p _p_e_r_p_e_n_d_i_c_u_l_a_r _t_o) in #gamma##gamma# collisions is calculated with perturbative fragmentation functions (PFFs). This approach allows for a resummation of terms #propor to##alpha#_sln (p _p_e_r_p_e_n_d_i_c_u_l_a_r _t_o "2/m"2) which arise in NLO from collinear emission of gluons by heavy quarks at large p _p_e_r_p_e_n_d_i_c_u_l_a_r _t_o or from almost collinear branching of photons or gluons into heavy-quark pairs. We present single-inclusive distributions in p _p_e_r_p_e_n_d_i_c_u_l_a_r _t_o and rapidity including direct and resolved photons for #gamma##gamma# production of heavy quarks at e"+e"- colliders and at high-energy #gamma##gamma# colliders. The results are compared with the fixed-order calculation for m finite including QCD radiative corrections. The two approaches differ in the definitions and relative contributions of the direct and resolved terms, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To facilitate the evaluation of alternate canister designs, 2 canisters were outfitted with thermocouples at elevations of 1/2, 3 1/2, and 6 1/2 inches from the canister bottom. The canisters were fabricated from two inch diameter schedule 10 and two inch diameter schedule 40 stainless steel pipe. Each canister was filled with approximately 2 kilograms of 49 wt percent lanthanide (Ln) loaded 25SrABS glass during 5 inch Cylindrical Induction Melter (CIM5) runs for TTR Tasks 3.03 and 4.03. Melter temperature, total mass of glass poured, and the glass pour rates were almost identical in both runs. The schedule 40 canister has a slightly smaller ID compared to the schedule 10 canister and therefore filled to a level of 9.5 inches compared to 8.0 inches for the schedule 40 canister. The schedule 40 canister had an empty mass of 1906 grams compared to 919 grams for the schedule 10 canister. The schedule 10 canister was found to have a higher maximum surface temperature ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Solar ultraviolet radiation is damaging for living organisms due to its high energy pro each photon. The UV radiation is often separated into three regions according to the wavelength: UVC (200-280 nm), UVB (280-320 nm) and UVA (320-400 nm). The most hazardous part, UVC is absorbed completely in the upper atmosphere by molecular oxygen. UVB radiation is absorbed by atmospheric ozone partly, and it is reaching Earth`s surface, as UVA radiation. Besides atmospheric ozone, very important factors in determining the intensity of UVB radiation globally are the solar zenith angle and cloudiness. It may be calculated from global ozone changes that the clear-sky UVB doses may have enhanced by 10-15 % during spring and 5-10 % during summer at the latitudes of Finland, following the decrease of total ozone between 1979-90. The Finnish ozone and UV monitoring activities have become a part of international activities, especially the EU Environment and Climate Programme`s ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

III-V semiconductors, GaAs and in particular InGaP, are used in many different electronic applications, such as high power and high frequency devices, laser diodes and high brightness LED. Their direct bandgap and high reliability make them ideal candidates for the realisation of high efficiency solar cells: in the past years they have been successfully used as power sources for satellites in space, where they are able to produce electricity from sunlight with an overall efficiency of around 30%. Nowadays, the use of arsenides and phosphides as photovoltaic (PV) devices is confined only to space applications since their price is much higher than conventional Si flat panel modules, the leading PV market technology. But with the introduction of multijunction solar cells capable of operating in high concentration solar light, the area and, therefore, the cost of these cells can be reduced and will eventually find an application and market also on Earth. This article ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is necessary to establish scenarios for reducing CO2 emissions and for developing CO2 emission control technologies to obtain a global consensus, using appropriate analytical models. For modification of the DNE-21 (Dynamic New Earth 21) model, it has a category designated as innovative technologies not involving CO2 emission and an optional consideration for the absorption of atmospheric CO2 by biomass. A global carbon circulation model, including vegetation in its scope, is also incorporated. Major results of the simulation are shown. When 20% reduction in CO2 emissions is required for only OECD countries after the year 2020, it has been demonstrated that CO2 concentration in the atmosphere will reach as high as about 900 ppm in 2100 due to CO2 emission by developing countries, and will not be a tolerable level. Under the condition that CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is controlled at 450 ppm in 2100, the amount of renewable source of energy from ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The heating system of the `Centre integre de mecanique industrielle de la Chaudiere`, in Saint-Georges, Quebec, is based on a solar wall and a geothermal heat pump with a glycol/water mixture circulating in 44 wells that are 100 m deep. With installation costs below $25 per sq.m, more than 85 per cent of the heating needs of the 9500 sq.m centre were supplied by geothermal power. The geothermal heat pump is composed of a well field and two 211-kW cooling units, each equipped with four coiled compressors. In winter, heat is pumped from the earth and in summer, a heat exchanger with control valves allows to heat to be dumped back into the earth. The monitoring and simulation of the system proved its efficiency, considering the climatic conditions in Quebec. The annual consumption of geothermal heating is 0.146 GJ per sq.m, which is very low compared to the consumption of electric heating (0.286 GJ per sq.m) or oil heating (0.419 GJ per sq.m). 4 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The US Army Engineers Waterways Experiment Station (WES) and US Army Engineer Division, Huntsville (HNDED) have developed general design criteria and specific design review criteria for the earth-mounded concrete bunker (EMCB) alternative method of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) disposal. An EMCB is generally described as a reinforced concrete vault placed below grade, underneath a tumulus, surrounded by filter-blanket and drainage zones. The tumulus is covered over with a low permeability cover layer and top soil with vegetation. Eight major review criteria categories have been developed ranging from the loads imposed on the EMCB structure through material quality and durability considerations. Specific design review criteria have been developed in detail for each of the eight major categories. 63 refs., 13 figs., 2 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Three new rare earth metal-rich compounds, Gd_4NiTe_2, and Er_5M_2Te_2 (M=Ni, Co), were synthesized in direct reactions using R, R_3M, and R_2Te_3 (R=Gd, Er; M=Co, Ni) and single-crystal structures were determined. Gd_4NiTe_2 is orthorhombic and crystallizes in space group Pnma with four formula units per cell. Lattice parameters at 110(2)K are a=15.548(9), b=4.113(2), c=11.7521(15)A. Er_5Ni_2Te_2 and Er_5Co_2Te_2 are isostructural and crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm with two formula units per cell. Lattice parameters at 110(2)K are a=3.934(1), b=14.811(4), c=14.709(4)A, and a=3.898(1), b=14.920(3), c=14.889(3)A, respectively. Metal-metal bonding correlations were analyzed using the empirical Pauling bond order concept.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This project employs multi-disciplinary teams to accelerate development of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM), based at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). A consortium of eight Department of Energy (DOE) National Laboratories collaborate with NCAR and the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). The laboratories are Argonne (ANL), Brookhaven (BNL) Los Alamos (LANL), Lawrence Berkeley (LBNL), Lawrence Livermore (LLNL), Oak Ridge (ORNL), Pacific Northwest (PNNL) and Sandia (SNL). The work plan focuses on scalablity for petascale computation and extensibility to a more comprehensive earth system model. Our stated goal is to support the DOE mission in climate change research by helping ... To determine the range of possible climate changes over the 21st century and beyond through simulations using a more accurate climate system model that includes the full range of human and natural climate feedbacks with increased realism and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnetic properties of single crystals of nonstoichiometric fluorides M[sub 1-x]R[sub x]F[sub 2+x] (M = Ca, Sr, Ba; R = Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb; with 0.05 [le] x [le] 0.28) with the fluorite-type structure have been studied for the first time. The magnetic susceptibility was measured using a Faraday balance in the 15-300 K temperature range. The samples are paramagnetic following the Curie-Weiss law. The values of paramagnetic Curie temperatures and effective magnetic moments of rare-earth ions have been found. Deviations of the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility from the Curie-Weiss law are observed for some nonstoichiometric fluorides at temperatures ranging from 60 to 85 K. Possible reaons for these deviations are discussed. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility provide an effective technique for a rapid and accurate determination of the concentration of rare-earth ions in nonstoichiometric fluorides.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Results on the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane on rare-earth oxide (REO) based catalysts (Na-P-Sm-O, Sm-Sr(Ca)-O, La-Sr-O and Nd-Sr-O) are described. Oxygen adsorption was found to be a key factor which determines the activity of this type of catalysts. Continuous flow experiments in the presence of catalysts which reveal strong oxygen adsorption showed that the reaction mixture is ignited resulting in an enhanced heat generation at the reactor inlet. The heat produced by the oxidative reactions was sufficient under the conditions chosen for the endothermic thermal pyrolysis which takes place preferentially in the gas phase. Ignition of the reaction mixture is an important catalyst function. Contrary to non-catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation, reaction temperatures above 700 C could be achieved without significant external heat input. Ethylene yields of up to 34-45% (S=66-73%) were obtained on REO-based catalysts under non-isothermal conditions (T{sub ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Magnetic moment and susceptibility of single crystals of rare earth tartrates of the type R(C4H4O6)(C4H5O6)3H2O (where R = Gd, Ho, and Yb), using a vibration sample magnetometer are reported. The experimental values of molar susceptibilities for Gd(C4H4O6)(C4H5O6)3H2O, Ho(C4H4O6)(C4H5O6)3H2O, and Yb(C4H4O6)(C4H5O6)3H2O are 2.58x10-2, 4.66x10-2, and 8.03x10-3 (in cgs em units), respectively. The calculated effective magnetic moments are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions on rare earth ions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A preliminary design effort directed toward a low concentration ratio photovoltaic array system capable of delivering multihundred kilowatts (300 kW to 1000 kW range) in low earth orbit is described. The array system consists of two or more array modules each capable of delivering between 113 kW to 175 kW using silicon solar cells or gallium arsenide solar cells, respectively. The array module deployed area is 1320 square meters and consists of 4356 pyramidal concentrator elements. The module, when stowed in the Space Shuttle's payload bay, has a stowage volume of a cube with 3.24 meters on a side. The concentrator elements are sized for a geometric concentration ratio (GCR) of six with an aperture area of .25 sq. m. The structural analysis and design trades leading to the baseline design are discussed. It describes the configuration, as well as optical, thermal and electrical performance analyses that support the design and overall performance estimates ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Electrostatic wave measurements from the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorer Ion Release Module have been used to investigate the wave modes and their possible generation mechanisms in the Earth's bow shock and magnetosheath. It is demonstrated that electrostatic waves are present in the bow shock and magnetosheath with frequencies above the maximum frequency for Doppler-shifted ion acoustic waves, yet below the plasma frequency. Waves in this frequency range are tentatively identified as electron beam mode waves. Data from 45 bow shock crossings are then used to investigate possible correlations between the electrostatic wave properties and the near-shock plasma parameters. The most significant relationships found are anticorrelations with Alfven Mach number and electron beta. Mechanisms which might produce electron beams in the shock and magnetosheath are discussed in terms of the correlation study results. These mechanisms include acceleration by the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems are attractive possibilities for direct thermal-to-electric energy conversion, but have typically required the use of black body radiators operating at high temperatures. Recent advances in both the understanding and performance of solid rare-earth oxide selective emitters make possible the use of TPV at temperatures as low as 1200K. Both selective emitter and filter system TPV systems are feasible. However, requirements on the filter system are severe in order to attain high efficiency. A thin-film of a rare-earth oxide is one method for producing an efficient, rugged selective emitter. An efficiency of 0.14 and power density of 9.2 W/KG at 1200K is calculated for a hypothetical thin-film neodymia (Nd2O3) selective emitter TPV system that uses radioisotope decay as the thermal energy source.

CERN Document Server

The true nature of the progenitor to GRBs remains elusive; one characteristic that would constrain our understanding of the GRB mechanism considerably is gamma-ray polarimetry measurements of the initial burst flux. We present a method that interprets the prompt GRB flux as it Compton scatters off the Earth's atmosphere, based on detailed modelling of both the Earth's atmosphere and the orbiting detectors. The BATSE mission aboard the \\textit{CGRO} monitored the whole sky in the 20 keV - 1 MeV energy band continuously from April 1991 until June 2000. We present the BATSE Albedo Polarimetry System (BAPS), and show that GRB 930131 and GRB 960924 provide evidence of polarisation in their prompt flux that is consistent with degrees of polarisation of $\\Pi>35$% and $\\Pi>50$% respectively. While the evidence of polarisation is strong, the method is unable to strongly constrain the degree of polarisation beyond a systematics based estimation. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holmium doped barium based hexaferrites BaFe_1_2_-_2_xHo_2_xO_1_9 with (x = 0.0-1.0) were synthesized by solid state reaction method. Structural and magnetic characterization of these ferrites provide significant information about their reactive physical properties. X-ray analysis reveals that in all samples M-type structure exist with few secondary phases. Scanning electron microscope revealed the grain size of the specimen. The results show that grain size decreases with the substitution degree of Holmium. Thus rare earth element Holmium Ho"3"+ acts as a grain growth inhibitor. The magnetic hysteresis loops show the variation in the values of magnetic parameters like saturation magnetization (M_s), remanent magnetization (M_r) and coercivity (H_c) were observed by changing Ho"3"+ content in BaFe_1_2_-_2_xHo_2_xO_1_9 ferrites. Coercivity showed a maximum value of 2230 Oe for (x = 0.4) and then decreasing trend were observed in the values of H_c, M_r and M_s with ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The desorption of uranium from the granular titanium-activated carbon composite adsorbent (concentration of uranium: 25.5 mg/l-Ad), which adsorbed uranium from natural sea water, was examined by the column process with acidic eluent at room temperature. The column operation was able to be carried out without destruction of the granular adsorbent by the generation of the carbon dioxide, and free from disturbance of the eluent flow by precipitate of calcium sulfate dihydrate with sulfuric acid eluent. The amount of acid consumption by the adsorbent was 0.87 eq/l-Ad. The alkaline earth metals were eluted in the range of elution volume below 2l/l-Ad, whereas uranium, iron, and titanium were eluted above 2l/l-Ad. Therefore, uranium was separable from the alkaline earth metals which were adsorbed in the most quantity in the adsorbent. In the range of elution volume 2 to 12l/l-Ad, the percentage of desorbed uranium and the concentration ratio of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This article briefly comments on some stumbling-blocks to climatic change modelling accuracy - in assessments of the greenhouse effect, 25% (missing link) of atmospheric carbon dioxide absorption is still unaccounted for; 1989 World Bank estimates of the Amazon rain forest deforestation rate have since proven to be inaccurate; there are difficulties in assessing the movement of the earth's crust relative to variations in sea level; and different studies vary in results relative to global temperature measurement and trend assessment. The need for an assessment of the economic impacts of increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide is also pointed out.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This work is concentrated on growth, spectroscopy and laser performance of thulium-doped vanadate crystals. At the beginning the growth techniques are analyzed and then the matrix of vanadates crystal, its structure and physicochemical properties are explained together with the rare earth activators influence. Detailed spectroscopy of the thulium-doped vanadate crystals then follows. On the background of this theoretical analysis and state of the art of the subject the description of thulium vanadate lasers (especially Tm:YVO"4, Tm:GdVO"4, and Tm:LuVO"4) together with their generated output radiation characteristics are presented.

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The universe is full of exotic particles and waves. Some, such as neutrinos, pass through our neighbourhood unnoticed; others, such as extreme uv radiation, are absorbed by the upper atmosphere before they are able to do too much damage. For a long time, any systematic attempt to understand how our weather can be affected by extra-terrestrial sources other than solar visible and infrared radiation has been a lively and often controversial diversion from mainstream research. But recent scientific and technological breakthroughs and concern over long-term climate change have brought this subject into the spotlight.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers (AMPTE) program provided important information on the behavior of clouds of plasma artificially injected into the solar wind and the earth's magnetosphere. Now that the releases are over, data from the satellites are being analyzed to investigate the processes by which the ambient solar wind mass, momentum, and energy are transferred to the magnetosphere. Work in progress at APL indicates that the solar wind is much more inhomogeneous than previously believed, that the solar wind constantly buffets the magnetosphere, and that ground observers may remotely sense these interactions as geomagnetic pulsations. 8 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sialons are phases in the Si-Al-O-N and M-Si-Al-O-N systems where M includes Li, Mg, Ca, Sc, Y and the rare earth elements. They are comparable in variety with the mineral silicates and are built up of one-, two-, and three-dimensional arrangements of (Si,Al)(O,N)/sub 4/ tetrahedra in the same way that the structural units of the silicates are SiO/sub 4/ tetrahedra. These new materials include N-containing ceramics, glasses and glass-ceramics that are being explored for their thermal, chemical and physical properties.

Wastenet

...Verheggen, B; Dommen, J; Duplissy, J; Prevot, AS; Weingartner, E; Riipinen, I; Kulmala, M; Spracklen, DV; Carslaw, KS; ...Carslaw, KS; Boucher, O; Spracklen, DV; Mann, GW; Rae, JGL; Woodward, S; Kulmala, M (2010) A review of natural aerosol interactions ...Pickering, S; Ogren, JA; Andrews, E; Baltensperger, U; Weingartner, E; Boy, M; Kulmala, M; Laakso, L; Lihavainen, H; ...Fastrup, B; Gagne, S; Hahn, F; Harrison, RG; Kellett, B; Kirkby, J; Kulmala, M; Laakso, L; Laaksonen, A; ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The results of an investigation on the production of Group IIA atomic and molecular negative ion beams formed in a cesium-sputter negative ion source are presented. The sputtering material was formed by pressing pellets of stoichiometric mixtures of the Group IIA element carbonates and 10% copper powder. Negative ions of several alkaline-earth elements and their oxides have been observed. Beam intensities as high as 180 pA have been observed for Sr{sup -}and 20 nA for SrO{sup -}. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Air pollution constraints continue to intensify, resulting in solid waste volume increases. An example of this is coal burning power plant flue gas desulfurization by scrubbing. The aqueous suspensions of calcium sulfate hemihydrate or calcium sulfate dihydrate will exceed 200 million tons annually by the year 2000. Disposal of these wastes can have massive environmental effects, due to physical instability and leaching to groundwater. One alternate disposal technique is sulfopozzolanic fixation, converting the FGD waste by addition of fine coal ash and an alkaline earth additive, into a monolithic mass. 6 refs., 17 figs., 3 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The performance of a high temperature ion source coupled to a helium gas-jet transport system for an efficient mass separation of neutron-rich alkaline earth and lanthanide isotopes is reported and the results of overall efficiency measurements using different cluster materials in the gas-jet are given. A fast, microprocessor controlled tape transport system for ..gamma..-spectroscopic studies on short-lived isotopes is described. Some results on the decay of 3.8sub(-s) /sup 152/Pr are presented. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The average single-particle field shows a very small pseudo-spin-orbit splitting in the pseudo-spin representation. If this splitting is neglected, pseudo-spin becomes a good quantum number and the resulting scheme (the pseudo-Nilsson model) has a very simple interpretation. The pseudo-spin symmetry embodied in the realistic deformed average field is explored by comparing the single-particle energies and wave functions of the deformed Woods-Saxon model with the corresponding results of the pseudo-Nilsson model. The scheme is used to calculate the magnetic moments of deformed odd-A nuclei of the rare-earth region. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book presents the basic ideas of the physics of non-gravitational perturbations and the mathematics required to compute their orbital effects. It conveys the relevance of the different problems that must be solved to achieve a given level of accuracy in orbit determination and in recovery of geophysically significant parameters. Selected Contents are: Orders of Magnitude of the Perturbing Forces, Tides and Apparent Forces, Tools from Celestial Mechanics, Solar Radiation Pressure-Direct Effects: Satellite-Solar Radiation Interaction, Long-Term Effects on Semi-Major Axis, Radiation Pressure-Indirect Effects: Earth-Reflected Radiation Pressure, Anisotropic Thermal Emission, Drag: Orbital Perturbations by a Drag-Like Force, and Charged Particle Drag.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Late 1994, the Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium (GHPC) was launched as a non-profit collaborative effort between the United States Department of Energy, US electric utilities and the GeoExchange (geothermal heat pump) industry to make ''geothermal heat pumps'' a significant component of the HVAC industry and avoid 1.5 million metric tons of carbon equivalent per year. The goal was to create a self-sustainable GeoExchange market. This report offers a summary of some of the lessons learned and an overview of some of the programs major accomplishments.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Decay sequences based on the 1/2/sup +/(660) proton orbital have been identified in /sup 171/Ta and /sup 177/Re based on spin, parity, and large alignment. This decay sequence is observed higher in energy than predicted in cranking calculations based on modified oscillator potentials. Similarly known 1/2/sup -/(541) decay sequences in these and other neighbouring isotopes are observed lower in energy than predicted. A reduction in the strength of the spin-orbit potential for protons is suggested as a solution to these problem.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The fastest rate of growth in the space conditioning market has been attributed to the application of geothermal heat pumps to the industrial and commercial markets. The author reviews and provides examples of the three most popular components of a large geothermal heat pump system: geothermal earth coupling, heat pumps and heat exchangers, and building side terminals. These components are applied to three example geothermal installations: a library, an office building, and a school. Examples of energy use before and after the installation of a geothermal space conditioning system are summarized. General design and cost guidelines and comments on the use of geothermal heat pump in these and similar applications are discussed.

Wastenet

...soy, rights, justice, contamination, water, cargill, port soy, rights, justice, contamination, water, cargill, port Friends of the ... The global food giant Cargill has built its own port on the banks of the River Paraguay with plans to expand. It's ...allows Puerto Union, the port facility belonging to the transnational food giant Cargill, to continue operating. This decree was issued despite the ... The Cargill port facility represents a hazard to the water supply of the entire population of the city, and any accident such ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lithium was selectively extracted from near-neutral aqueous solutions of alkali metal salts. The mechanism by which this was achieved involves the formation of the trioctylphosphine oxide adduct of a lithium chelate of a fluorinated #beta#-diketone, which is then readily extractable into an organic diluent. High separation factors were obtained from sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium. The selectivity of the fluorinated #beta#-diketones for lithium over the alkaline earths was found to be poor. A suggested general flowsheet for the recovery of lithium from a salt brine concentrate is included. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effect of the rare earth element, yttrium, on the mechanical properties of 9Cr-2WVTa low active martensite steel for fusion reactor was studied and the metallurgical behavior of yttrium in the steel was primarily analyzed. The results show that it is easy for yttrium to aggregate and form the blocky yttrium rich inclusions in the steel, which can dissever the continuity of the matrix and produce micro-cracks for fracture. The yttrium rich inclusions were distributed along the rolling direction, which made the fracture surface delaminated in the tensile and impact samples, and reduced the mechanical properties of the steel. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The dynamics of the controlled environment conditions in the SVET-4 space greenhouse model were investigated, using computerized equipment to continuously measure and collect the values of the inside environment parameters, which were then sent to earth. The on-ground analysis of telemetric data for the first 29 days indicated that radishes and the Chinese cabbage plants planted in SVET-4 grew under normal temperature conditions, but in insufficient substrate moisture. After supplying the necessary quantity of water, the analysis of the first 54 days of experiment is continuing. 2 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robotics technology is successfully being transitioned from space to terrestrial applications. It is being modified and enhanced to help in the US DOE's Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Program. Some examples of these applications, ranging from large multijointed manipulators to autonomously navigated remote vehicles, are outlined in this article. They include the following: underground storage tank technology demonstration; light-duty utility arm system; remotely controlled material-handling system; remotely operated excavator; self-guided transfer vehicle. 10 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The automatic interpretation of apparent resistivity curves from horizontally layered earth models is carried out by the curve-fitting method in three steps: (1) the observed VES data are interpolated at equidistant points of electrode separations on the logarithmic scale by using the cubic spline function, (2) the layer parameters which are resistivities and depths are predicted from the sampled apparent resistivity values by SALS system program and (3) the theoretical VES curves from the models are calculated by Ghosh's linear filter method using the Zhody's computer program. Two soundings taken over Takenoyu geothermal area were chosen to test the procedures of the automatic interpretation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A versatile method for estimating the characteristics of radon transport in soil is developed. The method allows the following characteristics to be estimated: depth distribution function of the soil gas radon concentration, equilibrium radon concentration in the soil air, depth at which the radon concentration reaches its equilibrium value, radon flux density from the Earth's surface, and convective radon transport velocity. The method is based on soil gas radon concentration measurements and is appropriate in the case of relatively uniform geology. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A decade ago, Lovelock and Whitfield raised the question of how much longer the biosphere can survive on Earth. They pointed out that, despite the current fossil-fuel induced increase in the atmospheric CO[sub 2] concentration, the long-term trend should be in the opposite direction: as increased solar luminosity warms the Earth, silicate rocks should weather more readily, causing atmospheric CO[sub 2] to decrease. In their model, atmospheric CO[sub 2] falls below the critical level for C3 photosynthesis, 150 parts per million (p.p.m.), in only 100 Myr, and this is assumed to mark the demise of the biosphere as a whole. Here, this problem is re-examined using a more elaborate model that includes a more accurate treatment of the greenhouse effect of CO[sub 2] a biologically mediated weathering parameterization, and the realization that C4 photosynthesis can persist to much lower concentrations of atmospheric CO[sub 2] ([lt]10 p.p.m.). It was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The environmental management infrastructure that has evolved in the United States over the last 25 years or so, since {open_quotes}the environment{close_quotes} burst into the national consciousness with events like Love Canal and Earth Day in the early 1970s. Increasingly, U.S. businesses must successfully compete with those of other nations to survive. Organizational re-engineering, cycle-time management, concurrent engineering, and lean manufacturing are just a few examples of corporate efforts to become better global competitors. U.S. environmental management systems, with their various inefficiencies, can hardly be excluded from these improvement initiatives. Businesses must find ways to reduce or control their environmental costs and, where possible, find ways that {open_quotes}environment{close_quotes} can add positive value to their goods and services. Secondly, although considerable progress has been made in some areas, such as the development of cleaner ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The rare-earth based nickelates RNiO{sub 3} (R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Pr{sub 1-x}La{sub x}, 0{<=}x{<=}0.7) were studied by inelastic neutron scattering. Energy splittings due to the crystalline-electric-field (CEF) interaction at the R{sup 3+} site within the electronic ground-state J multiplet (for R = Pr, Nd, and Pr{sub 1-x}La{sub x}) as well as within the two lowest-lying J multiplets (for R = Sm and Eu) were directly observed, and the corresponding CEF energy-level schemes were reconstructed. The latter were rationalized in terms of CEF parameters, which vary smoothly over the rare-earth series and give magnetic properties associated with the R sublattice in agreement with results from neutron powder diffraction experiments. Across the metal-insulator transition, a continuous change in the electronic part of the CEF parameters is observed. However, an attempt to quantify a charge transfer from the observed variation of the CEF ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The rare-earth based nickelates RNiO_3 (R=Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Pr_1_-_xLa_x, 0#<=#x#<=#0.7) were studied by inelastic neutron scattering. Energy splittings due to the crystalline-electric-field (CEF) interaction at the R"3"+ site within the electronic ground-state J multiplet (for R=Pr, Nd, and Pr_1_-_xLa_x) as well as within the two lowest-lying J multiplets (for R=Sm and Eu) were directly observed, and the corresponding CEF energy-level schemes were reconstructed. The latter were rationalized in terms of CEF parameters, which vary smoothly over the rare-earth series and give magnetic properties associated with the R sublattice in agreement with results from neutron powder diffraction experiments. Across the metal-insulator transition, a continuous change in the electronic part of the CEF parameters is observed. However, an attempt to quantify a charge transfer from the observed variation of the CEF parameters in an effective point charge ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The crystal structure of borophosphates ABPO_5 (A = alkaline earth or Pb) was resolved on a polycrystalline sample using the Rietveld method. The x-ray diffraction patterns data show that ABPO_5 crystallize in a centrosymmetric space group P3_121 and their structure is related to the borogermanates REBGeO_5 with a stillwellite-type structure. Pr"3"+ ion was used as a local structural probe to corroborate the structural resolution results. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of A_1_-_xPr_xBP_1_-_xGe_xO_5 (A alkaline earth or Pb; x = 0.05) have been investigated at different temperatures. At 9 K the 3"H_4#->#"3P_0 transition of trivalent praseodymium ion (4f"2 configuration) is observed as a single line. This indicates a unique crystallographic site for the rare earth ion in these compounds replacing the divalent cation. Energy level schemes were deduced from the low-temperature spectroscopic measurements. Comparing the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Three phosphate based ceramics were studied for the immobilization of tri- and tetravalent actinides: britholites Ca{sub 9}Nd{sub 1-x}An{sub x} {sup IV}(PO{sub 4}){sub 5-x}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 1+x}F{sub 2}, monazites/brabantites Ln{sub 1-2x}{sup III}Ca{sub x}An{sub x}{sup IV}PO{sub 4} and Thorium Phosphate Diphosphate (TPD) Th{sub 4-x}An{sub x}{sup IV}(PO{sub 4}){sub 4}P{sub 2}O{sub 7}. For each material, the incorporation of Th, U(IV), or Ce(IV) in the structure was examined. This work was the early beginning of the incorporation of {sup 239}Pu and/or {sup 238}Pu in order to evaluate the effects of {alpha} -decay on these three crystallographic structures. The syntheses were carried out using dry chemistry methods, involving mechanical grinding then heating treatment (1100 deg C {<=} {theta} {<=} 1400 deg C). For britholites, we showed that the incorporation of thorium was complete for weight loading lower than 20 wt.% through the (Nd{sup 3+}, PO{sub ...